cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unusual Types of Non-Lactose-Fermenting, Gram-Negative Bacilli from Acute Diarrhea in Infants

For some time past, we have been impressed with the frequent finding in routine cultures of stools from infants, especially during the summer months, of non-lactose-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli which differ biologically from the gram-negative bacilli normally inhabiting the intestinal tract. They differ, as well, from the known pathogenic bacilli, namely: the typhoid bacilli, the dysentery bacilli, the paratyphoid bacilli, etc. Up to'the present study the method followed in examining stools in this laboratory was to pick suspicious colonies from the differential medium plate and subculture them on RusselFs double sugar agar slants. For group differentiation they were transplanted from Russell's agar into eight carbohydrates, namely; dextrose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, xylose, rhamnose, sucrose, and dulcitol. A suspension was made from the Russell's slant for agglutination with various stock antiserums of intestinal bacilli. A Gram stain was made in each instance. On the basis of this standardized procedure it was ascertained'that the organisms under discussion did not correspond to the well-known species of intestinal bacilli. Nevertheless, since acid and gas were formed in the carbohydrates fermented it has been customary to report them as "atypical paratyphoid', bacili.1 A survey of the literature has revealed no study made to determine the position of these organisms taxonomically, or whether or not they may have a causal relation to infantile diarrheas. This study has been concerned with these two questions. In order to define the probable taxonomic position of these so-called "atypical paratyphoid" bacilli it is necessary to discuss the generic characteristics of the various groups of known gram-negative intestinal bacilli. The classification of intestinal bacilli has received considerable
Longevity and Fecundity of Female Boll Weevils Placed with Varying Numbers of Males

The bursa copulatrix of female boll weevils, Anthonomous grandis Boheman, distended greatly and occupied nearly the entire abdomen due to repeated inseminations when held with 20 or 40 ♂ . Longevity of females held, with 20 or 40 ♂ was ca. ¼, or less than when 1 ♀ was held with 1 ♂. Fecundity of a female held with 10 or more males was significantly less than that of a female held with 1 ♂.
SMITten by the Speed of Splicing

Splicing occurs co-transcriptionally, but relative rates of splicing and transcription that might reveal mechanisms of their coordinated control have remained mysterious. Now, Carrillo Oesterreich et al. show that the fastest introns are gone nearly as soon as the 3′ splice site is transcribed and that introns have distinct splicing kinetics with respect to polymerase progression along the gene.
The characteristics of sedimentation and reservoirs of reef-beach gas fields in carbonate platform margins,Northeastern Sichuan Basin.

The discovery of several large to medium-scale gas fields,such as Puguang gas field,Yuanba gas field,Longgang field etc.,reveals that carbonate reef-beach zones have great petroleum exploration potential in the platform margin of the east and west sides of Kaijiang-Liangping shelf and the west side of Chengkou-E'xi shelf.Previous exploration has confirmed that the characteristics of gas fields,sedimentation and reservoirs of reef-beach are obviously different in different parts of platform margins.However the regularity of the differences needs to be disclosed by further studies.Based on the study of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology and reservoir evaluation,the paper analyzes the differences.Two third-order sequences have been identified which are shoaling upward,and all of them are composed of transgressive and highstand system tracts.It reveals that the characteristics of sedimentary facies and reservoirs are obviously different in different parts of platform margin.During the period of Changxing,the palaeogeomorphology of platform margins was similar in west and east sides of Kaijiang-Liangping shelf.The strata with main aggradational stacking patterns were strongly dolomitized at the top of Changxing Formation in Tiechanghe-Puguang-Gaofengchang platform margin,which was the characteristics of steep ramp,thin sedimentation of beach and developing reef.And the Yuanba-Longgang platform margin was characterized by gentle slope,obvious forest and lateral accretion stacking pattern,development both reef and beach,and stronger dolomitization at the top of reef and beach;porosity reservoir with good physical property was developed.In the period of Feixianguan,the asymmetry of the platform margins was clear.In Tiechanghe-Puguang-Gaofengchang platform margin,the stacking pattern of stratigraphy was still aggradational,and thick oolitic beach with strong dolomitization was developed,and its pore-fractured type reservoir with good physical properties was developed in the second member of Feixianguan Formation.The Yuanba-Longgang platform margin was developed thin oolitic beach with weak dolomitization in the second member of Feixianguan Formation,and the reservoir was typical of pore reservoir with poor physical property.The Panlongdong-Jiantianba platform margin grew reef and beach in Changxing Formation,and developed oolitic beach in the second member of Feixianguan Formation,both of them were strongly dolomitized and were easy to form available reservoirs.Through the comprehensive study of the characteristics of sedimentation and reservoir,we conclude that the sedimentation and the distribution of reservoir are obviously controlled by the integrated factors of synsedimentary palaeogeomorphology,dolomitization,faults,and the diagenesis and fluids in the burial period.
Effect of salt, smoke compound, and storage temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in simulated smoked salmon.

Smoked salmon can be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. It is important to identify the factors that are capable of controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon so that control measures can be developed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salt, a smoke compound, storage temperature, and their interactions on L. monocytogenes in simulated smoked salmon. A six-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes (10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g) was inoculated into minced, cooked salmon containing 0 to 10% NaCl and 0 to 0.4% liquid smoke (0 to 34 ppm of phenol), and the samples were stored at temperatures from 0 to 25 degrees C. Lag-phase duration (LPD; hour), growth rate (GR; log CFU per hour), and maximum population density (MPD; log CFU per gram) of L. monocytogenes in salmon, as affected by the concentrations of salt and phenol, storage temperature, and their interactions, were analyzed. Results showed that L. monocytogenes was able to grow in salmon containing the concentrations of salt and phenol commonly found in smoked salmon at the prevailing storage temperatures. The growth of L. monocytogenes was affected significantly (P 6%) at refrigerated and mild abuse temperatures (< 10 degrees C). The MPD, which generally reached 7 to 8 log CFU/g in salmon that supported L. monocytogenes growth, was not affected by the salt, phenol, and storage temperature. Two models were developed to describe the LPD and GR of L. monocytogenes in salmon containing 0 to 8% salt, 0 to 34 ppm of phenol, and storage temperatures of 4 to 25 degrees C. The data and models obtained from this study would be useful for estimating the behavior of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon.
Redundancy Analysis System

This chapter describes the application of VLASIC for analyzing the effects of adding redundancy to a design. Redundancy analysis is accomplished by means of a post-processor that uses the chip fault lists generated by VLASIC and a description of chip redundancy to predict yield in the presence of redundancy. We first discuss previous work in predicting the yield of redundant chips, then describe our redundancy analysis system, and finally provide examples of its use.
Emotion Regulation in Families of Children with Behavior Problems versus Nonclinical Comparisons

The current study compared parents’ emotion regulation (ER) in clinical (those with a child with externalizing behavioral problems) and low-risk comparison families. Additionally, mediation models were explored with parent ER predicting child behavior problems through child ER. Participants were 60 families with children (71.7% boys; 73% Caucasian) ages 2 through 8 years (M = 4.62; SD = 1.69) from a rural population in the United States: 34 clinical families referred for parent training and 26 nonclinical families. A blocking design was used to balance the two groups on key demographic characteristics. Parents’ and children’s ER was assessed using parent-report surveys and structured behavioral observations. Analyses indicated higher rates of parental emotion dysregulation (specifically, more difficulty when upset with achieving goal-directed behaviors, p = .01, d = 0.67; controlling impulses, p = .01, d = 0.64; limited use of ER strategies, p = .02, d = 0.62; and more negative verbalizations to their child during the observed task, p < .01, d = 0.73) and child emotion dysregulation (specifically, more difficulty as reported by parents, p < .01, d = −2.42) in the clinical group. Mediational analyses indicated there were indirect paths from parental ER to children’s behavioral problems through child ER. Findings from this research suggest a need to measure and target ER in both parents and their children when working with families who are referred for treatment of child behavior problems.
Role of the nitrogen atom in double photoionization of monocyclic hydrocarbons

We report about possible formation of highly correlated electron pairs in the heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pyridine, pyrimidine, and 1,3,5-triazine. Previously, these electron pairs have been observed in the acenes and in coronene, but not in pyrrole and furan. Our measurements presented here shed some light on the conditions for electron-pair formation and emission. Aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as candidates for high-temperature superconductors and our findings may help to better understand the mechanisms in organic superconductors.
Review: The Culture of Architecture in Enlightenment Rome by Heather Hyde Minor

Heather Hyde Minor. The Culture of Architecture in Enlightenment Rome . Buildings, Landscapes, and Societies series, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010, 312 pp., 36 color and 112 b/w illus. $95 (cloth), ISBN 9780271035642 Despite its importance as the focus of the Grand Tour, eighteenth-century Italy—especially papal Rome—has traditionally been perceived as a cultural backwater, remaining relatively unaffected by the engagement with Enlightenment thought that catalyzed the transformation from early modern to modern culture in northern European countries. Since at least the 1960s, scholars in various disciplines have been working to dispel that antiquated notion, and in her recent book, Heather Hyde Minor ambitiously strives to follow suit by illuminating the influence of enlightened ideas on seven important building projects, initiated by popes or their cardinal-nephews, that spanned the years 1730 to 1758, when Clement XII Corsini and Benedict XIV Lambertini reigned as the supreme pontiffs. Minor's handsomely produced, well-illustrated study is divided into three parts, the first examining ecclesiastical commissions: the new facades of S. Giovanni in Laterano and S. Maria Maggiore as well as other renovations at the latter and the building of the Corsini Chapel at the former. The second section concerns the enlargement of two types of papal palaces: the family home of the Corsini, constructed for the pope's nephew, Cardinal Neri Corsini, and the “official” palace complex built for the pontiffs on the Quirinal Hill. The last part considers two important kinds of public institutions of learning, the newly founded Capitoline Museum and the Corsini Library at the family palace. Minor is mostly able to show how these projects were influenced by new and enlightened notions, but her claim that they constituted a distinctive “culture of architecture” is less effectively demonstrated; it stands in for a more comprehensive and serious consideration of the ways in which the …
Glass transition imminent, resistance is futile.

The immense variety of glassy materials around us makes it is easy to get caught up in excessive detail when thinking about the structural glass transition. For decades, there have been only a few attempts to describe covalently bonded, molecular, and metallic glasses on the same footing, so different do the molecular motions seem in these various classes of substances. The article by Angelini and Biroli (1) is a noteworthy attempt to use the renormalization group (RG) philosophy to uncover similarities between seemingly distinct glass-forming systems, thus spotlighting universal aspects of the structural glass transition. The idea of renormalization goes back at least as far as the 19th century, in the context of the phenomenological theory of dielectric media. Electrostatic interactions between charges in condensed media can still be thought of as interactions between elementary charges, but with their magnitude renormalized downward—owing to the ability of molecular dipoles in the medium to rotate so as to partially screen the interaction. This coarse-grained theory implies that even in a complex, interacting system, individual localized charges remain a useful way to think about the effective degrees of freedom. Onsager (2) took this idea significantly further, in the 1930s, by relating the strength of individual molecular dipoles and the renormalized bulk dielectric response of a material in a quantitative fashion. To do this, he estimated the strength of the electrical feedback each such dipole receives from its own motions that polarize the surrounding medium. In modern parlance, Onsager estimated the renormalization of the elementary dipole moment at the second-order, one-loop level. Although identical in essence, renormalization in quantum electrodynamics (QED) comes across as being much more sophisticated because the perturbation theory can be carried out to a remarkably high order. The quantitative success of the perturbative expansion of QED may seem surprising in … [↵][1]1Email: vas{at}uh.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
In Vitro Evaluation of Nasogastric Tube Delivery Performance of Esomeprazole Magnesium Delayed-Release Capsules.

Enteral feeding tubes are used to deliver food or drugs to patients who cannot swallow. To deliver delayed-release drugs that are formulated as enteric coated granules to these patients via feeding tubes requires that they be suspended in water before administration. Importantly, the suspension of enteric granules in water of varying pH can cause damage to the enteric coating and affect the bioavailability of the drug. Here, analytical methods for testing acid resistance stability and particle size distribution (PSD) of esomeprazole granules were used to monitor the integrity of the granule enteric coating after water pretreatment and delivery through an oral syringe and nasogastric (NG) tube. Granules from esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules were transferred to an oral syringe, suspended in water, and delivered on the bench through an NG tube. Subsequently, acid resistance stability (i.e., the amount of drug released after 2-h acid dissolution) was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography, and the PSD were measured with a laser diffraction system. All the granules demonstrated acid resistance stability when the granules were delivered immediately (0 min incubation) through the oral syringe and NG tube. In contrast, some granules demonstrated significant drug release during acid exposure after a 15-min incubation period which mimics a possible delay in delivery of the drug from the syringe by the caregiver. A bimodal PSD was observed with these granules, which was attributed to debris from damaged enteric coating and particle agglomeration. The methods developed in this study could be used to distinguish batches with suboptimal product quality for delivery using NG tubes and to confirm the substitutability of generic drug products for this alternative route of administration.
Computing Polynomials Using Unipolar Stochastic Logic

This article addresses subtraction and polynomial computations using unipolar stochastic logic. Stochastic computing requires simple logic gates, and stochastic logic--based circuits are inherently fault tolerant. Thus, these structures are well suited for nanoscale CMOS technologies. It is well known that an AND gate and a multiplexer can be used to implement stochastic unipolar multiplier and adder, respectively. Although it is easy to realize multiplication and scaled addition, implementation of subtraction is nontrivial using unipolar stochastic logic. Additionally, an accurate computation of subtraction is critical for the implementation of polynomials with negative coefficients in stochastic unipolar representation. This work, for the first time, demonstrates that instead of using well-known Bernstein polynomials, stochastic computation of polynomials can be implemented by using a stochastic subtractor and factorization. Three major contributions are given in this article. First, two approaches are proposed to compute subtraction in stochastic unipolar representation. In the first approach, the subtraction operation is approximated by cascading multilevels of OR and AND gates. The accuracy of the approximation is improved with the increase in the number of stages. In the second approach, the stochastic subtraction is implemented using a multiplexer and a stochastic divider. This approach requires more hardware complexity due to the use of a linear-feedback shift register and a counter for division. Second, computation of polynomials in stochastic unipolar format is presented using scaled addition and proposed stochastic subtraction. Third, we propose stochastic computation of polynomials using factorization. Stochastic implementations of first- and second-order factors are presented for different locations of polynomial roots. From experimental results, it is shown that the proposed stochastic logic circuits require less hardware complexity than the previous stochastic polynomial implementation using Bernstein polynomials.
A Comparison of Fuzzy Hashes: Evaluation, Guidelines, and Future Suggestions

Fuzzy hashes are gaining recognition in the realm of digital forensics as an alternative method of recognizing similar or nearly identical files. However, despite a high diversity of algorithms in existence, only SSDEEP and sdhash are widely used. This paper describes several viable fuzzy hashes not in wide use and compares them in detail, examining both security and non-security flaws. Finally, we develop guidelines to put these hashes to practical use, as well as suggesting improvements to several of the hashes.
Different Methods of Measuring Spatial Separation

Three different types of measurement are described. In cases 1) and 2) the ends of the body emit signals that are observed, allowing: 1) spatial separation measurement with the signal synchronized in the rest-frame of the observer; and 2) spatial separation measurement with the signal synchronized in the rest-frame of a body. We find from 1) and 2) that the Lorentz contraction is associated with measurement in which the observer evaluates in her rest-frame at the same time the two ends of a body moving in direction of its velocity. In case 3) the spatial separation measurement of body ends under illumination with light emitted in the rest-frame of the observer is considered, showing that additional time delay associated with the light travel to the extended material object introduces a rotated view of the observed body.
Dramatic Decreases in US Abortion Rates: Public Health Achievement or Failure?

An editorial is presented which addresses public health research in the U.S., and it mentions an article in the journal which states that abortion rates in America declined between 2008 and 2014. Abortions by young women and women of color are examined, along with health insurance coverage for contraception, cultural attitudes regarding abortion, long-acting methods of contraception (LARC), and the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Loss of PopZ At activity in Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Deletion or Depletion Leads to Multiple Growth Poles, Minicells, and Growth Defects.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens grows by addition of peptidoglycan (PG) at one pole of the bacterium. During the cell cycle, the cell needs to maintain two different developmental programs, one at the growth pole and another at the inert old pole. Proteins involved in this process are not yet well characterized. To further characterize the role of pole-organizing protein A. tumefaciens PopZ (PopZ At ), we created deletions of the five PopZ At domains and assayed their localization. In addition, we created a popZAt deletion strain (ΔpopZAt ) that exhibited growth and cell division defects with ectopic growth poles and minicells, but the strain is unstable. To overcome the genetic instability, we created an inducible PopZ At strain by replacing the native ribosome binding site with a riboswitch. Cultivated in a medium without the inducer theophylline, the cells look like ΔpopZAt cells, with a branching and minicell phenotype. Adding theophylline restores the wild-type (WT) cell shape. Localization experiments in the depleted strain showed that the domain enriched in proline, aspartate, and glutamate likely functions in growth pole targeting. Helical domains H3 and H4 together also mediate polar localization, but only in the presence of the WT protein, suggesting that the H3 and H4 domains multimerize with WT PopZ At , to stabilize growth pole accumulation of PopZ AtIMPORTANCEAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a rod-shaped bacterium that grows by addition of PG at only one pole. The factors involved in maintaining cell asymmetry during the cell cycle with an inert old pole and a growing new pole are not well understood. Here we investigate the role of PopZ At , a homologue of Caulobacter crescentus PopZ (PopZ Cc ), a protein essential in many aspects of pole identity in C. crescentus We report that the loss of PopZ At leads to the appearance of branching cells, minicells, and overall growth defects. As many plant and animal pathogens also employ polar growth, understanding this process in A. tumefaciens may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent the proliferation of these pathogens. In addition, studies of A. tumefaciens will provide new insights into the evolution of the genetic networks that regulate bacterial polar growth and cell division.
Optimizing Compton Back Scattering Parameters Using a Simulation Code

Compton scattering is an interaction of photons with atomic electrons, in which both the energy and the momentum are conserved. The photon interacts with a constant interaction cross section per electron eσc for all materials at a certain photon energy. However the Compton scattering cross section per atom, σc, is equal to the number of electrons in the atom multiplied by the eσc [1]: $$\sigma _c = Z_e \sigma _c $$ (1) this characteristic means that for a given photon energy, each material has a unique scattering cross section different from other materials. It also means that the higher the atomic number, the stronger the signal obtained from Compton scattering, at least for small thicknesses.
Reviewing the Cost of Police Training: A Cost Analysis Model

In this article, the author, a long-serving senior Canadian police officer, offers a model of cost analysis for police training. Training plays an important role in contributing toward raising the ...
Recombination: DNA Helicases and Nucleases

DNA recombination is a major mechanism of DNA break repair in all organisms, crucial for preserving genome integrity. There are two major recombination pathways: nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) that simply joins two ends of the break and homologous recombination (HR) that relies on copying the damaged DNA sequence from intact homologous donor. Ku complex mediates the NHEJ pathway while RecA in prokarya or Rad51 enzyme in eukarya catalyzes strand exchange in HR pathway. Repair by recombination also requires enzymes that translocate on DNA to unwind duplex DNA, remodel chromatin, and load on or strip proteins from DNA, as well as nucleases that cleave DNA to generate substrate for recombination and process recombination intermediates. Here we summarize current knowledge on DNA translocases and nucleases in recombination. Increasing evidence suggests that the same steps of recombination are catalyzed by different helicases and nucleases, and often single helicase or nuclease is involved in recombination at multiple steps.
Target detection using artificial neural networks on LWIR hyperspectral imagery

Results using a neural network classifier for LWIR HSI target detection are presented. Detection performance using two different single layer networks with 10 and 20 nodes in the hidden layer are presented. Additionally, a two-layer network with 20 nodes in the first layer and 10 in the second is also tested. The larger networks generally performbetter, as expected, but this is not necessarily true for all targets. Neural networks significantly outperformACE across several detection metric for eight different targets. Even when ACE is applied to atmospherically-corrected emissivity datacubes, neural networks applied without atmospheric compensation still performbetter. Finally, it is found that incorporating atmospheric metadata into the network inputs can improve detection performance but is again target-dependent.
High-Throughput In-Use and Stress Size Stability Screening of Protein Therapeutics Using Algorithm-Driven Dynamic Light Scattering.

Abstract Stability of therapeutic proteins (TPs) is a critical quality attribute that impacts both safety and efficacy of the drug. Size stability is routinely performed during and after biomanufacturing. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a commonly used technique to characterize hydrodynamic size of the TPs. Herein, we have developed a novel method to evaluate in-use and thermal stress stability of TPs using algorithm-driven high-throughput DLS. Five marketed TPs were tested under the guidance of customized algorithms. The TPs were evaluated at relevant temperature conditions as well as under dilution and thermal stress for size stability. We found that the TPs were stable under the in-use conditions tested; however, sample loss due to evaporation can lead to large protein aggregates. A combined assessment of autocorrelation function and photos of sample well could be useful in formulation screening. Dilution of TPs also has an impact on the hydrodynamic size. Thermal stress experiments showed the importance of using different data processing methods to access size distribution. Polydispersity index was useful in evaluating sample heterogeneity. Herein, we show that algorithm-driven high-throughput DLS can provide additional supportive information during and after biomanufacturing and the potential to be used in a quality control environment.
Information and communication technology in shaping urban low carbon development pathways

This article examines the emerging nexus of cities, climate change, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) and highlights the importance of ICT innovation-based urban low carbon development pathways in realizing the 1.5 Celsius (C) climate change global policy objective. The first part of the article reviews the three phases of the scientific scholarship on ICTs, climate change, and environmental sustainability, while the second part of the article examines ICTs in accelerating urban climate change mitigation toward the goal of a 1.5C world. The third part of the article highlights three lessons learned in terms of accelerating ICT innovation-based urban low carbon development pathways to achieve the 1.5C policy priority. First, ICT-based technology innovation with a net positive sustainability impact requires smart policy design and co-innovation of complementary sustainable (e.g. energy efficient, etc.) technologies. Second, ICT innovation-based low carbon pathways need both `hard’ infrastructural (i.e. urban transport, buildings, and other physical, built environment) as well as `soft’ infrastructural (i.e. urban norms, habits, and behavioral framing) dimensions to realize urban system impacts. Third, ICT innovation-based low carbon pathways need to be more effectively designed and reconfigured with 1.5C as their primary objective with a special focus on urban climate change resilience in the developing world. Otherwise, global socio-economic, environmental, and technology inequalities are likely to worsen.
Agents, Causes, and Explanations: The Idea of a Metaphysical System

This is a paper about causality and explanation, specifically it is about the relation between the ideas of causality and agency, and about the connection between causality and the problems of properties, events, continuing states of affairs, and substances. But its real purpose is to expose some issues about the nature of metaphysics. Metaphysics, as McTaggart insisted, is about the ultimate nature of reality. If that is so, the task of the metaphysician is to deal with the whole, for one could not tell what was ultimate if one did not know what there was. Metaphysics is thus about what there is in the sense of what counts, finally, as being, or, if being is somehow a derivative notion, then it must be about what being is derived from. There is a sense in which Quine is right: There is one ontological question: What is there? And there is one answer: THE NATURE OF METAPHYSICS
Leukocyte depletion ameliorates free radical- mediated lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass

Activated leukocytes and oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. To determine whether leukocyte depletion could prevent this injury, we used a dog model simulating routine cardiac operations. Mongrel dogs (11 to 17 kg) were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with a bubble oxygenator and cooled to 27° C. After aortic crossclamping and cardioplegic arrest for 90 minutes, control animals (n = 5) were rewarmed and weaned from bypass, and their condition was then stabilized for 90 minutes. Leukocyte-depleted animals (n = 5) had a leukocyte filter incorporated in the bypass circuit. During bypass, circulating leukocyte counts decreased by 60% in control dogs, and by 97% in leukocyte-depleted animals. Free radical generation (estimated by spectrophotometric assay of plasma conjugated dienes) was significantly reduced by leukocyte depletion during and after bypass. Total hemolytic complement activity and the titer of C5 decreased markedly immediately after the onset of bypass in both the control and leukocyte-depleted animals. Pulmonary function after bypass was better preserved in leukocyte-depleted animals. These data suggest that depletion of circulating leukocytes contributes to lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass and is associated with increased oxygen radical activity, pulmonary edema, and vasoconstriction. Leukocyte depletion substantially reduced the pulmonary injury seen after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Extracting the Cole-Cole Model Parameters of Tissue-mimicking Materials

Tissue mimicking materials are used as a safe alternative testing platform during the development of medical applications such as wearables devices and body area networks. Identifying the accurate electrical properties of the materials in use is important to guarantee accuracy and reproducibility of results. In this paper, we propose a novel extraction technique for the Cole-Cole model of tissue-mimicking materials. The proposed method is based on optimizing the relative error for both real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of the fabricated materials. Extracting the model is helpful to study the effect of changing materials percentages to fit the real human body tissues. The proposed technique, when applied to in-house developed tissue-mimicking materials, showed a good match with relative error less than 5% in both permittivity parts.
Perspective-Taking, Information Processing and Workplace Verbal Abuse: A Bangladesh Factory Manager Field Experiment

A randomized controlled trial analyzing perspective-taking on processing information concerning verbal abuse was conducted with factory managers in 16 Bangladesh factories. Managers’ modal perception of the prevalence of verbal abuse was inconsistent with worker reports, indicating managers’ resistance to acknowledging verbal abuse. Perspective-taking improved information processing but the response was heterogeneous. Acknowledgement of the prevalence of verbal abuse increased only in those managers for whom there was consonance between personal beliefs and the data. Among managers who engaged with the exercise or viewed verbal abuse as inappropriate, treatment increased interest in and willingness to make changes based on the data.
Vulnerability analysis of Manhattan's motor fuel supply chain network

We extend the concept of a critical infrastructure (CI) network's vulnerability and advance a methodological approach for identifying the vulnerability of a CI extended over a large expanse of space - Manhattan's motor fuel supply chain - in the face of extreme weather events. In the methodological approach, we search for the network's disrupted component(s) having the maximum impact on the spatially extensive network's operability if maintained or repaired. To do so, we developed a bi-stage mixed integer stochastic mathematical program to rank disrupted elements that are the best candidates for fortifying investments. Simulation experiments with the model reveal that its solution identifies a different set of vulnerable components than are identified through the most commonly employed approach. Model results also indicate that a CI network's vulnerability in the face of extreme weather events is highly responsive to network topology in time of disaster and the objective function defined by the modeller.
Social Psychology, Sociological

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by S. Stryker, volume 21, pp. 14409–14413, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Superconductivity in the ternary compound SrPt 10 P 4 with complex new structure

We report superconductivity at 1.4 K in the ternary ${\mathrm{SrPt}}_{10}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}$ with a complex new structure. ${\mathrm{SrPt}}_{10}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}$ crystallizes in a monoclinic space-group C2/c (#15) with lattice parameters $a=22.9151(9)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{\AA{}}, b=13.1664$(5)$\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{\AA{}}, c=13.4131$(5)$\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{\AA{}}$, and $\ensuremath{\beta}=90.0270(5){}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. Bulk superconductivity in the samples has been demonstrated through resistivity, ac susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements. High pressure measurements have shown that the superconducting ${\mathrm{T}}_{C}$ is systematically suppressed upon application of pressure, with a ${\mathrm{dT}}_{C}/\mathrm{dP}$ coefficient of $\ensuremath{-}0.016$ K/GPa.
Pearls in Mitigating Application Pain of Topical Nonsteroidal Agents.

Background Topical steroid-sparing agents (SSA), such as tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and crisaborole, represent an important therapeutic option in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis. While these agents lack the common side effects associated with topical corticosteroids, they all share application site pain as an important adverse effect. Summary Based on the available evidence and our experience, we suggest the following 7 practical strategies for decreasing the pain associated with SSA use. (1) Use a topical corticosteroid for a few days to reduce inflammation before starting the SSA treatment. (2) Use SSAs strategically. (3) Apply moisturizer before applying SSAs. (4) Store moisturizers in the refrigerator. (5) Ask the patient to apply the SSA on a small test area before broader application. (6) Apply the SSA on dry rather than on damp skin. (7) Consider using aspirin when appropriate for the patient.
A Mm-Wave Gm-Assisted Transformer-Based Matching Network 2x2 Phased-Array Receiver for 5G Communication and Radar Systems

This paper describes a 50-58GHz 2x2 phased-array receiver (RX) for 5G communication and radar systems. The RX utilizes a G m -assisted matching network (MN) to reduce the noise figure (NF) of a conventional passive mixer-first RX by placing an extra gain of ~5dB prior to the down-conversion mixers with minimal additional components. This prototype phased-array RX integrates a proposed G m -assisted MN, mixer-first RX with translational feedback, Cartesian phase shifters as a baseband beamformer, poly-phase filters, and LO generation in TSMC 28nm CMOS, occupying a total area of 0.53mm2. This RX achieves a NF of 7dB, gain of 26dB, input P 1−dB of −20dBm with an 8-GHz 3-dB BW and a S 11 lower than −10dB over 22-GHz BW.
A miniaturized long-life acoustic transmitter for animal tracking in marine environments

Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) energy devices are early-stage technologies and their impacts to ocean life and environment are largely unknown, which consequently limits the progress of deploying these devices at commercial scale. Optical and acoustic imaging have been the primary technologies for monitoring marine animals' behavior at existing or potential MHK sites. However, these technologies lack the ability to identify individual animals, which makes them less useful in identifying protected species as well as studying the animals' long-term behavior. Implantable acoustic transmitters with unique identification codes could be used as a complementary technology. To minimize effects of transmitter implantation on the tagged animals and study them for longer durations, it is desired that the implanted transmitter be as small and light as possible and can last for as long as possible. To date, the smallest acoustic transmitters suitable for marine animal tracking have relatively short service life and detection range (up to 200 m), In this report, we introduce a new miniaturized acoustic transmitter which operates at 208.3 kHz. It offers a smaller dry weight (0.45 g), a significantly longer service life (140 days at a 5-second ping rate) as well as a greater detection range than the existing commercial counterparts, which will help obtain more comprehensive movement and behavioral information of animals around MHK energy devices.
Osteopathia striata in the mandible with cranial sclerosis: a case report and review of the literature

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OS-CS) is a bone dysplasia characterized by a linear striated pattern of sclerosis, especially in the long bones, and cranial sclerosis. It has variable clinical findings but distinctive radiological findings. Multiple oral and dental findings have been associated with this disease and can be seen during dental and/or medical imaging of the head and neck. Dentists and clinicians must be familiar with these signs to differentiate them from pathosis or erroneous radiographs. In the following case, we present a patient with OS-CS that presented at The University of Florida College of Dentistry with multiple craniofacial manifestations of this syndrome that were seen on a panoramic radiograph, which is one of the most commonly requested radiographs by dentists.
Dual Phase-Shifted Ipsilateral Metachrony in Americamysis bahia.

Previously documented metachrony in euphausiids focused on one, 5-paddle metachronal stroke, where contralateral pleopod pairs on the same abdominal segment beat in tandem with each other, propelling the animal forward. In contrast, the mysid shrimp Americamysis bahia's pleopods on the same abdominal segment beat independently of each other, resulting in two, 5-paddle metachronal cycles running ipsilateral along the length of the body, 180° out of phase. The morphology, kinematics, and nondimensional measurements of efficiency are compared primarily to the one-cycle Euphausia superba to determine how the two-cycle approach alters the design and kinematics of metachrony. Pleopodal swimming in A. bahia results in only fast-forward swimming, with speeds greater than 2BL/s (body lengths per second), and can reach speeds up to 12BL/s, through a combination of increasing stroke amplitude, beat frequency, and changing their inter-limb phase lag. Trends with Strouhal number and advance ratio suggest that the kinematics of metachrony in A. bahia are favored to achieve large normalized swimming speeds.
Stickiness of entrepreneurs: an exploratory study of migration in two mid-sized US cities

What makes a place desirable is the subject of much debate. We conduct a mixed methods analysis on two mid-sized US cities—Indianapolis and Kansas City. We use a migration analysis to understand the flow of the general population, creative workers, and entrepreneurs, followed by an exploratory qualitative analysis of impactful entrepreneurs. Our migration analysis shows that these cities are gaining population overall as well as creative workers and entrepreneurs, and our exploratory qualitative analysis shows that entrepreneurs broadly value quality of life factors, including social and family reasons. Our analysis suggests that entrepreneurs are less mobile than the general population, and that they start companies where they live. We discuss the implications of our study for the broader debate on what makes cities attractive and for further refinement of multidimensionality in the urban amenities literature. Entrepreneurs and creative workers are less mobile than the general population in two mid-sized American cities. We study migration trends of the general population, creative workers, and entrepreneurs in Indianapolis and Kansas City, supplemented with exploratory interviews of impactful entrepreneurs. We find that entrepreneurs are “sticky” in both contexts, and that the reasons for location can be tied to quality of life overall. Our findings have implications for research, which can further investigate the multidimensionality of attractiveness of place, and for policy, which can consider the needs of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs.
Contributions of CaV1.3 Channels to Ca2+ Current and Ca2+-Activated BK Current in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.

Daily regulation of Ca2+- and voltage-activated BK K+ channel activity is required for action potential rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the brain’s circadian clock. In SCN neurons, BK activation is dependent upon multiple types of Ca2+ channels in a circadian manner. Daytime BK current predominantly requires Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), a time when BK channels are closely coupled with their Ca2+ source. Here we show that daytime BK current is resistant to the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. However, at night when LTCCs contribute little to BK activation, BK current decreases by a third in BAPTA compared to control EGTA conditions. In phase with this time-of-day specific effect on BK current activation, LTCC current is larger during the day. The specific Ca2+ channel subtypes underlying the LTCC current in SCN, as well as the subtypes contributing the Ca2+ influx relevant for BK current activation, have not been identified. SCN neurons express two LTCC subtypes, CaV1.2 and CaV1.3. While a role for CaV1.2 channels has been identified during the night, CaV1.3 channel modulation has also been suggested to contribute to daytime SCN action potential activity, as well as subthreshold Ca2+ oscillations. Here we characterize the role of CaV1.3 channels in LTCC and BK current activation in SCN neurons using a global deletion of CACNA1D in mouse (CaV1.3 KO). CaV1.3 KO SCN neurons had a 50% reduction in the daytime LTCC current, but not total Ca2+ current, with no difference in Ca2+ current levels at night. During the day, CaV1.3 KO neurons exhibited oscillations in membrane potential, and most neurons, although not all, also had BK currents. Changes in BK current activation were only detectable at the highest voltage tested. These data show that while CaV1.3 channels contribute to the daytime Ca2+ current, this does not translate into a major effect on the daytime BK current. These data suggest that BK current activation does not absolutely require CaV1.3 channels and may therefore also depend on other LTCC subtypes, such as CaV1.2.
Body dissatisfaction and ethnic identity are associated with loss of control eating among young adult African American men.

Abstract African American men are rarely the focus of attention in investigations of loss of control (LOC) eating. Theory and extant data support a robust link between body dissatisfaction and LOC eating behaviors in women. Ethnic identity may buffer this association, as the degree to which racially and ethnically diverse women identify with their ethnic group has been shown to decrease the relevancy of the Western culture body ideal, thereby decreasing disordered eating pathology. These associations have not been evaluated in African American men. The current study examined the link between body dissatisfaction and LOC eating frequency in 261 young African American men (1830 years old). Ethnic identity was evaluated as an independent variable and as a putative moderator. After adjusting for income, education, and body mass index, body dissatisfaction was significantly and positively associated with LOC eating frequency (p
Data-Utility Sensitive Query Processing on Server Clusters to Support Scalable Data Analysis Services

The observation that a significant class of data processing and analysis applications can be expressed in terms of a small set of primitives that are easy to parallelize has resulted in increasing popularity of batch-oriented, highly-parallelizable cluster frameworks to support data analysis services. These frameworks, however, are known to have shortcomings for certain application domains. For example, in many data analysis applications, the utility of a given data element to the particular analysis task depends on the way the data is collected (e.g. its precision) or interpreted. However, since existing batch oriented data processing frameworks do not consider variations in data utility, they are not able to focus on the best results. Even if the user is interested in obtaining a relatively small subset of the best result instances, these systems often need to enumerate entire result sets, even if these sets contain low-utility results. Open image in new window is an efficient and scalable utility-aware parallel processing system for ranked query processing over large data sets. In this paper, we focus on the Open image in new window data partitioning and work-allocation strategies of Open image in new window for processing top-k join queries to support data analysis services. In particular, we describe how Open image in new window adaptively samples data from “upstream” operators to help allocate resources in a work-balanced and wasted-work avoiding manner for top-k join processing. Experimental results show that the proposed sampling, data partitioning, and join processing strategies enable Open image in new window to return top-k results with high confidence and low-overhead (up to ~9× faster than alternative schemes on 10 servers).