cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Objectif littératie : pour de nouvelles modélisations en didactique des langues étrangères

Alors que les universites aux Etats-Unis reconnaissent les necessites de reforme des cursus de langue, litterature et culture et qu’emergent de nombreuses interrogations sur les approches et structures a mettre en place pour repondre aux objectifs et besoins institutionnels ainsi qu’aux profondes mutations du champ professionnel, l’heure est au bilan des decennies precedentes. Les remises en cause des decoupages institutionnels et des missions des departements renvoient a des questionnements didactiques concernant les pratiques dominantes et soulevent l’interessante question du renouveau des methodologies existantes et des formations des futurs enseignants universitaires. Or, la fragmentation actuelle du champ de la didactique des langues fait obstacle a de telles tentatives. Notre objectif ici ne sera pas de passer en revue tous les differents courants pour examiner ce qu’ils peuvent apporter a des objectifs de litteratie en langue etrangere, mais de nous concentrer sur deux d’entre eux trop peu souvent mis en regard, celui des travaux portant sur les strategies d’apprentissage et la metacognition (metacognitive approach) et celui qui emane des recherches d’inspiration vygotskienne publiees dans le domaine anglo-saxon (sociocultural theory) et dans le domaine francophone (interactionnisme socio-discursif). Ces deux grands courants considerent en effet l’individu apprenant comme un acteur social, qui developpe des competences grâce a ses interactions avec d’autres acteurs sociaux. Nous essaierons d’identifier brievement les points de convergence et d’articulation et de montrer comment la mise en evidence de passerelles theoriques peut nourrir la reflexion sur l’elaboration de cursus de langue etrangere, culture, et litterature pour l’enseignement superieur et aider a la creation de formations professionnalisantes pour les futurs enseignants-chercheurs. Au cœur de nos preoccupations se trouve la rupture methodologique actuelle entre les premiers et derniers niveaux de nos programmes. Nous argumenterons donc a la fois pour une clarification conceptuelle en didactique, mais aussi pour une demarche integrative, qui rendraient explicites les correspondances theoriques, encouragerait la reflexion critique et permettrait de trouver des solutions innovantes pour repondre aux problemes actuels.
Cutaneous manifestations of chronic graft versus host disease

Abstract Cutaneous chronic graft versus host disease has traditionally been classified into lichenoid and scleroderma-like forms. However, the initial presentation is sometimes subtle and a variety of less common cutaneous manifestation may be prevalent. This clinical review focuses on the lesional morphology of chronic graft versus host disease, and presents a classification system that may prove useful in early diagnosis. In addition, this approach may help to facilitate the correlation of different morphologic entities with outcome and response to therapy.
Shallow-water oceans: a source or sink of atmospheric CO2?

The shallow-water ocean environment is of great importance in the context of global change and is heavily impacted by human activity. This study evaluates the effects of human activity on the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the surface water of shallow-water oceans. The evaluation is based on changes in net ecosystem metabolism, net ecosystem calcification, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as seen in a process-driven biogeochemical box model. Numerical simulations show that this air–sea interface has probably served as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere for much of the past 300 years, but has recently switched, or will switch soon, to a net sink of CO2, because of rising atmospheric CO2 and increasing inorganic nutrient load.
A serial conditioned reinforcement effect in a multiple-chain schedule in a squirrel monkey

A squirrel monkey was run on a multiple schedule whose individual components were chain FIVI and chain FI FR. Chain FI VI repeated four times, then chain FI FR repeated four times, and then the entire sequence recycled. Response rates in the FI links increased with successive repetitions of ch FI VI and decreased with successive repetitions of ch FI FR, while rates in the VI and FR links remained relatively constant.
Some Characteristics and Applications of Negative-Glow Lamps

The glow lamp is a modern electrical device employing the peculiar properties of various rare gases which when energized by the application of a voltage ionize and pass current. This ionization is accompanied by the production of light.
The effects of amygdalectomy on shock-induced fighting behavior in rats

Amygdaloid lesioned rats were compared to cortically lesioned and normal rats in their level of shock-induced fighting behavior. The resultant fighting scores, as rated on a four point scale, showed no significant difference in aggressive behavior on the part of the amygdalectomized group as compared to the cortical and normal control groups. Theoretical explanations of the results are proposed.
Patterns of Wounding in Stumptail Macaques (Macaca arctoides)

A three-year study of the patterns of wounding in a group of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) was conducted at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Field Station. Wounds were classified as punctures, lacerations or abrasions. Data were analyzed to determine if patterns of wounding vary by age/sex class, body part or wound type. Results indicate that adult males receive significantly more total wounds than expected, based on their total time spent in the group. Adult males also receive more serious wounds than other age/sex classes. Low-ranking animals are wounded more often than high-ranking individuals. Moreover, the location of wounds within each age/sex class is non-random. Adult males receive a disproportionate number of wounds on the forequarters, but adult and immature females are wounded disproportionately on the hindquarters. Finally, age/sex classes differ in the number of wounds on individual body parts. Adult males receive more wounds on the head, arms and hands than other age/sex classes, but adult and immature females receive more wounds on the feet than other age/sex classes. These results demonstrate that wounding patterns are clearly non-random and depend on a variety of factors such as age, sex and dominance rank.
The Mate Value Scale

Abstract Mate value is a construct of importance to many psychological (especially evolutionary psychological) theories. However, there are no well validated self-report measures of mate value. In light of this, we designed the Mate Value Scale (MVS): a brief, four-item measure that can assess mate value of the self, of one’s partner, or of another target. Study One demonstrates that the MVS has good internal consistency, a one-factor structure, and good convergent validity. Study Two replicates these psychometric findings along with demonstrations of good test–retest reliability and further convergent and discriminant validity. Study Three demonstrates how the MVS can successfully be applied to an evolutionary psychological domain (the sex difference in jealousy). Additional cited research demonstrates the MVS’s utility in a number of other domains. We conclude that the MVS is a short and effective measure of mate value.
Study of Room-Temperature Photomagnetoelectric and Photoconductive Effects in Au-Doped Silicon

Recombination properties of the photoinjected carriers in gold-doped $n$-type and $p$-type silicon have been investigated at $T=300$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K using measurements of the steady-state photomagnetoelectric (PME) and photoconductive (PC) effects. A theory for the PME and PC effects in Au-doped silicon has been developed for the case of low injection and arbitrary trapping. The theory was checked by calculating the electron- and hole-capture probabilities at the gold acceptor and donor levels from the PME and PC measurements, using the ratios of the electron-hole capture rate given by Fairfield et al. and the results are found to be in good agreement with those determined from other methods.
Structural role of Nd3+ and Al3+ cations in SiO2 glass : a 29Si MAS-NMR spin-lattice relaxation, 27Al NMR and EPR study

High field strength cations such as rare earth ions are known to show strong clustering when incorporated in minor quantities (hundreds to up to a few thousands of ppm) in highly polymerized silicate liquids and glasses. In this study, formation, distribution and growth of such clusters in Nd2O3-doped SiO2 glasses have been detected by monitoring the effect of changing Nd2O3 concentration on 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spin-lattice relaxation rates. The results indicate the presence of clusters of Nd ions even at the lowest doping level of 300 ppm of Nd2O3 by weight. Once the Nd2O3 concentration reaches 1400 ppm, no new clusters are found to form on further addition of Nd2O3 and only the growth of existing clusters is observed. These observations have significance for both dipolar resonant energy transfer among Nd ions and for fluorescence quenching. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and 29Si MAS-NMR spin-lattice relaxation studies indicate that, on doping SiO2 glass with Al2O3, paramagnetic defect sites are created. 29Si relaxation results also show that, on co-doping the Nd2O3-doped glasses with Al2O3, a completely homogeneous distribution of the Nd ions is obtained at an Al:Nd atomic ratio of 10:1.
Comment on the specification of structure-performance relationships

Abstract This paper contains a brief discussion of the limitations of reduced form estimation as a technique for testing models of industrial organization. It also reviews methodologies by which empirical models of industrial organization can be derived from economic theory, and concludes that models developed by reference to the literature should not be considered invalid simply because they are not given a formal mathematical presentation.
Local-to-asymptotic topology for cocompact CAT(0) complexes

Abstract We give a local condition that implies connectivity at infinity properties for CAT(0) polyhedral complexes of constant curvature. We show by various examples that asymptotic-to-local results will be difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, we are able to prove a partial converse to our main local-to-asymptotic result.
ZSM-10: Synthesis and tetrahedral framework structure

A reproducible, scaleable synthesis of ZSM-10 is reported. This synthesis is dependent on the presence of 1,4-dimethyl-DABCO cations during the nucleation/aging stage, but this directing agent is not incorporated in the final product. Analysis of the zeolite product during aging shows that offretite is formed first and then converts to ZSM-10. The framework topology of ZSM-10 (K24Al24Si84O216 · xH2O · yR) has been determined from synchrotron X-ray and electron diffraction data, model building, and X-ray powder pattern simulation. ZSM-10 has a large hexagonal unit cell with a = 31.575(7) A, c = 7.525(4) A, P6/mmm maximum topological symmetry, and a tetrahedral framework density of 16.6 T/1,000 A3. The tetrahedral framework is constructed from columns of alternating cancrinite cages and double 6-rings which also build the LTL (Linde Type L or zeolite L) and OFF (offretite) frameworks. Two different one-dimensional, 12-ring pore systems parallel the caxis in ZSM-10. One 12-ring channel is topologically identical to the undulating channel in the LTL framework, and the other is identical to the 12-ring channel in the OFF framework. ZSM-10 appears to be the first zeolite with two distinct, parallel, 12-ring channel systems that occur individually in other zeolites.
The Impact of Firm Size on Internet Use in Small Businesses

Several studies about small business information systems (SBIS) have indicated that firm size is a factor in SBIS adoption. This study is the first to compare adoption patterns across specific size categories among only small businesses. One benefit of this type of approach is a better understanding of potential points of change in SBIS requirements as firm size increases. The sample size examined here (n = 750) is considerably larger than in any prior study. Moreover, with business' increasing reliance on various Internet‐based technologies, such as email and websites, this study examines the relationship between size and use patterns regarding these timely aspects of SBIS, a correlation left largely unexamined by prior research. Findings here suggest that slight differences in firm size generate different patterns of adoption for several types of SBIS. For example, smaller sized firms are less likely to report Internet use, website use, and non‐Internet‐related computer use than even incrementally large...
High-Q photonic crystal microcavities fabricated in a thin GaAs membrane

We report on the fabrication of photonic crystal microcavities in GaAs having H1 and H2 defects for lattice constants as small as 255 nm. In H2 microcavities, we observed resonances with Q factors as high as 4000. The degeneracy of these high-Q modes is lifted by the imperfect nature of the fabrication process.
O411 HIV-TB co-infection and TB drug resistance: an emerging threat to HIV and TB programmes

M TB currently infects ~2 billion people, one-third of the world's population. Eight million new active cases occur worldwide annually, more than at any previous time in history. In addition, 14 million people are believed to be co-infected with TB and HIV. In Africa, rising rates of TB are clearly related to and a consequence of the devastating co-existing HIV/AIDS epidemic. In the countries of the former Soviet Union, and in many of the most populous countries of Asia, already high TB infection and disease rates may be further exacerbated as the full force of emerging HIV/AIDS epidemics are experienced. In this context, resistance to drugs used to treat M TB has emerged as an increasingly serious global public health emergency. WHO surveillance over the past decade has shown growing rates of TB drug resistance, including multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampin and newly defined extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB), defined as MDR plus resistance to fluoroquinolones, and at least one second-line injectable drug. WHO estimated ~500,000 and 40,000 worldwide incident cases of MDR and XDR TB in 2006, respectively. The recent report of XDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in South Africa has dramatically accelerated global awareness of drug-resistant TB. Resistance may result either from episodes of TB treatment failure or transmission of resistant organisms. In either case, diagnosis is problematic, treatment options markedly limited and high rates of treatment failure and mortality occur, each further exaggerated by HIV co-infection. In sub-Saharan Africa, the combination of a huge population of HIV-infected susceptible hosts, poor TB treatment success rates, lack of airborne infection control, limited drug-resistance testing, and an overburdened TB and MDR TB treatment programs, has provided ideal conditions for an MDR and XDR TB epidemic of unparalleled magnitude. M and XDR TB pose great threats to individual patients and challenges to the success of TB control programs and HIV/AIDS treatment programs. This presentation will review drug-resistant tuberculosis globally, with particular reference to South Africa, describe its interaction with the HIV epidemic and resultant consequences, and suggest measures necessary for controlling MDR and XDR TB in this context. A successful clinical and public health response necessitates infusion of new resources, earlier case finding, attention to airborne infection control, new TB diagnostics and therapeutics and development of new strategies, including increased collaboration between TB and HIV programs. from Ninth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Glasgow, UK. 9–13 November 2008
Rapid high-yield purification of canine intestinal motilin and its complete sequence determination

Abstract Canine niotilin has been purified from small amounts of canine intestine in a form suitable for microsequence analysis. The sequence determined is: Phe-Val-Pro-Ile-Phe-Thr-His-Ser-Glu-Leu-Gln-Lys-Ile-Arg-Glu-Lys-Glu-Arg-Asn-Lys-Ile-Arg-Asn-Lys-Gly-Gln. Canine motilin differs from porcine motilin at five positions. The rapid, high-yield (24% overall yield) microisolation techniques used for canine motilin should be suitable for the isolation of other basic peptides found in low levels in tissue that is available only in limited amounts. These methods should make the isolation and sequence determination of human brain and gut peptides more readily achievable.
‘Reversine’ and its 2-Substituted Adenine Derivatives as Potent and Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists

The dedifferentiation agent "reversine" [2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine 2] was found to be a moderately potent antagonist for the human A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) with a K(i) value of 0.66 microM. This result prompted an exploration of the structure-activity relationship of related derivatives, synthesized via sequential substitution of 6-chloro-2-fluoropurine with selected nucleophiles. Optimization of substituents at these two positions identified 2-(phenylamino)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine (12), 2-(phenylamino)-N(6)-cycloheptyladenine (19), and 2-phenylamino-N(6)-endo-norbornyladenine (21) as potent A(3) AR ligands with K(i) values of 51, 42, and 37 nM, respectively, with 30-200-fold selectivity in comparison to A(1) and A(2A) ARs. The most selective A(3) AR antagonist (>200-fold) was 2-(phenyloxy)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine (22). 9-Methylation of 12, but not 19, was well-tolerated in A(3) AR binding. Extension of the 2-phenylamino group to 2-benzyl- and 2-(2-phenylethylamino) reduced affinity. In the series of 2-(phenylamino), 2-(phenyloxy), and 2-(phenylthio) substitutions, the order of affinity at the A(3) AR was oxy > or = amino > thio. Selected derivatives, including reversine (K(B) value of 466 nM via Schild analysis), competitively antagonized the functional effects of a selective A(3) AR agonist, i.e., inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results are in agreement with other studies suggesting the presence of a lipophilic pocket in the AR binding site that is filled by moderately sized cycloalkyl rings at the N(6) position of both adenine and adenosine derivatives. Thus, the compound series reported herein comprise an important new series of selective A(3) AR antagonists. We were unable to reproduce the dedifferentiation effect of reversine, previously reported, or to demonstrate any connection between A(3) AR antagonist effects and dedifferentiation.
Mechanical loss measurements of vacuum-operated, single-crystal silicon microresonators

The quality factor of vacuum-operated single-crystal silicon microresonators was measured to identify their important sources of mechanical loss when medium-related loss is absent. The microresonators were torsional structures consisting of beams of width approximately 0.7 micrometers , and fabricated by reactive-ion-etching from the single-crystal silicon substrate. For torsional microresonators having Q's approximately 50,000, doping-impurity and support- related losses do not seem to be significant. Rather, the reactive-ion-etched surfaces of the microstructures appear to be the dominant source of mechanical loss. This etched-surface loss can be halved by thermal oxidation, resulting in microresonators with Q's consistently 80,000- 100,000. A model for this surface-related loss is presented.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Development and Operation of a Microgravity Furnace System for Sintering Experiments

Microgravity experiments have been performed aboard STS-57, STS-60, and STS-63 with an isothermal hightemperature automated furnace. The equipment for controlled liquid phase sintering experiments-SPACEHAB variant facility was used to conduct powder metallurgy experiments on compacts at temperatures exceeding 1100 ± C. An overview of the evolution of the program from a laboratory mock-up through four sounding rocket e ights is presented, including a description of the hardware that successfully operated during three Space Shuttle missions.Theseaccomplishmentsweretraceddirectlytothedecisionsmadeandnumerouslessonslearnedthroughouttheappliedresearchprogram.Developmentofthehardwarerequiredanextremelyinterdisciplinaryapproach. A continuous path of upgrades was pursued between e ights, increasing capabilities while reducing payload mass and volume.Thisevolutionaryexperiencebaseresultedinsignie cantcostandschedulesavings.Thedesign features of containment and redundancy with the proven e ight performance data minimized expensive component testing and analysis. The hardware was designed with inherent growth capabilities to maximize safety, to promote longterm usage/future e ight opportunities, and to simplify on-orbit operations. The next-generation design scheduled to e y aboard STS-79 (August 1996) also is described.
Isolation of a new series of η2-olefin complexes of tungsten(IV) containing cyclometallated 2,6-diphenylphenoxide ligation

Addition of ethylene to solutions of the bis(cyclometallated) compounds [W(OC6H3PhC6H4)2(L)2] (1, LPMe2Ph; 2, LPMePh2; OC6H3PhC6H4 = cyclometallated 2,6-diphenylphenoxide) produces the η2-ethylene complexes [W(OC6H3PhC6H4)2(L)(η2-C2H4)] (3, LPMe2Ph; 4a, LPMePh2). Addition of α-olefins, RCHCH2 (RPh, SiMe3, CF3) to solutions of 2 produced an equilibrium mixture of 2, free PMePh2 and the corresponding η2-olefin complexes [W(OC6H3PhHC6H4)2(PMePh2)(η2-RCHCH2)] (4b, RPh; 4c, RSiMe3; 4d, RCF3). The solid state structure of the ethylene complex 3 shows a pseudo-octahedral environment about the tungsten metal centre, with mutually trans aryloxide oxygen atoms and mutually cis metallated phenyl rings. The olefin ligand is aligned co-planar with the WP bond, i.e. perpendicular to the OWO axis. The WC (olefin) distances of 2.275(8) and 2.229(8) A are longer than the WC(phenyl) distances of 2.162(7) and 2.127(8) A. This, combined with an olefin CC distance of 1.39(1) A, shows a lack of strong π-backbonding from the tungsten metal centre. In solution, however, restricted rotation about the tungsten-ethylene bond in 3a is observed in the 1H NMR spectrum. The bonding of the olefin ligands in these complexes is discussed.
U.S. Geological Survey budget would increase but includes targeted cuts to some key programs

The Obama administration's proposed budget for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for fiscal year (FY) 2013 is $1.1 billion, $34.5 million (3.2%) above the Agency's 2012 enacted level. The budget includes $73.2 million in targeted increases but also has $49.5 million in proposed reductions, including cuts to some water and minerals programs and other areas. Funding for the budget was prioritized to maintain programs that are legislatively mandated, that are important for protecting lives and human property, and that are among the Obama administration's key emphases. These include research and development, which the administration believes will help end the economic recession, USGS director Marcia McNutt said at a 14 February briefing.
Daily stressors and coping responses of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Background Youth with type 1 diabetes cope with a variety of stressors related to daily life and disease management. While previous studies have focused on diabetes-related stressors, little research has examined daily stressors. Methods In this qualitative descriptive study, daily stressors and coping responses of 19 children and 33 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (65% are female) were investigated. Participants recorded their own stressors and coping responses in daily diaries for 2–3 weeks. Results Five broad themes of daily stressors emerged: people, self, context, no stressor and ambiguous. Coping responses included three general themes: submission, personal responsibility and ambiguous. Younger children reported more stressors related to friends/peers and siblings (people), and adolescents described more stressors related to self, parents (people) and school (context). Younger children used more coping that involved choosing an alternate activity, helping others and an emotional response (taking personal responsibility), whereas adolescents used more coping that involved persistence, alternate thinking and talking things over (taking personal responsibility). Conclusions Youth with diabetes did not report stressors related to diabetes and its management as major themes in their daily lives. Clinical interventions based on perceptions of how youth understand and cope with stress are explored.
On the Asymptotic Stability of the Rest State of a Viscous Fluid bounded by a Rigid Wall and an Elastic Membrane

1. IntroductionWhenever there is an interaction between a dissipative body and a non-dissipative one, the usual expectation is that the energy of the non-dissipativebody will also be dissipated. Furthermore, if the system consisting of the two isisolated in the sense that there is no mechanical work done upon it by externalforces, one expects that the system will approach a state of rest. An exampleof such a system is an elastic body submerged in a viscous fluid. Another similarbut easily manageable problem is the isolated system formed by a viscous fluidat rest in a container whose walls are made of a linear elastic membrane and arigid undeformable material. I study the manageable problem and prove that theenergy of arbitrary disturbances of the rest state eventually decays. I assume thatno external force acts upon the system, that the fluid adheres to the walls, thatthe surface tractions are continuous across the common interface between thefluid and the membrane, and that the strain energy of the membrane is a non-negative homogeneous quadratic form in the displacement gradients and is in-variant under rigid body motions. Further, once the system is given an initialdisturbance, the rigid portion of the walls of the container is maintained at restsubsequently. I assume also the existence of a weak solution of the equationsgoverning the deformation of the fluid and the membrane, and I do not obtainthe rate of decay of the energy.It is worth mentioning that even though I show that the strain energy of themembrane approaches the value it takes in the unperturbed configuration, thedisplacements of all points of the membrane, measured from the initial undisturbedconfiguration, need not go to 0 as 1-+00. This is due to the assumption on theform of the strain energy of the membrane.First I prove the result for an incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid; then I proveit for a Reiner-Rivlin fluid.2. Formulation of the ProblemAssume that, in the unperturbed (reference) configuration, the fluid occupies~ smooth connected and bounded region R with a smooth boundary oR. The
An efficient video-on-demand model

An efficient video-on-demand system uses a practical, technologically sophisticated model to serve the viewing needs of a wide audience, including meeting the peak demand for popular, newly released films.
Managing Physical and Sexual Assault Risk in Urban Nightlife: Individual- and Environmental-Level Influences

In this article we use interview and direct observation data to examine the experiences of young people in two Philadelphia nightlife scenes, and the ways in which they manage risk of physical and sexual assault. Our analysis reveals several environmental-level factors that shape risk exposure, as well as a number of individual-level tactics used to manage risk. Our observations are discussed in terms of their implications for developing a risk management framework that accounts for the role of individual- and environmental-level factors in shaping victimization.
Very low temperature spectroscopy: The pressure broadening coefficients for CO-He between 4.3 and 1.7 K

Pressure broadening parameters and cross sections for the CH3F–He system have been measured between 4.2 and 1.9 K by means of a recently developed technique based on collisional cooling in a cryogenic cell. The cross sections for the K=0 and K=1 components of the J=1–2 transition were found to be 75.2 and 66.6 A2, respectively, at 4.2 K and 55.5 and 54.5 A2, respectively, at 1.9 K. The cross sections at 4.2 K are about 50% larger than the 300 K values. These results are compared with earlier experimental and theoretical results obtained for the CO–He system.
Expression of the cercosporin toxin resistance gene ( CRG1 ) as a dicistronic mRNA in the filamentous fungus Cercospora nicotianae

The CRG1 gene in Cercospora nicotianae encodes a transcription factor and is required for cercosporin toxin resistance and production. Cloning and sequencing of the downstream region of the CRG1 gene led to the discovery of an adjacent gene ( PUT1) encoding a putative uracil transporter. Expression of CRG1 and PUT1 as assessed by Northern analysis indicated that, in addition to the expected monocistronic mRNAs (2.6 kb and 2.0 kb, respectively), a common 4.5-kb mRNA could be identified, using either a CRG1 or a PUT1 gene probe. The 2.6-kb transcript identified only by the CRG1 probe was expressed constitutively, whereas the 2.0-kb transcript identified only by the PUT1 probe was differentially expressed in various media. Four cDNA clones containing CRG1, PUT1, and the CRG1- PUT1 intergenic region were identified as part of the products from the 4.5-kb transcript. Both the 4.5-kb and 2.6-kb transcripts were not detectable in three crg1-disrupted mutants, using the CRG1 probe. The 2.0-kb transcript, but not the 4.5-kb one was detected using the PUT1 probe in the three crg1-disrupted mutants. Taken together, we conclude that the 4.5-kb transcript is a dicistronic mRNA of both CRG1 and PUT1 in the fungus C. nicotianae. This is the first example of a dicistronic mRNA identified in filamentous fungi.
Aggressive communication in the coach‐athlete relationship

This study concerned how coaches’ efforts to solicit better performance from athletes related to male athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ communication and to athletes’ self‐reports of satisfac...
Effect of rate augmentation and isoproterenol on the amplitude of atrial and ventricular electrograms

Abstract Recent studies have shown a decrease in the amplitude of intracardiac electrograms during exercise in patients with permanent pacemakers. 1–3 However, the mechanism by which exercise decreases the amplitude of the intracardiac electrograms has not been investigated. Because exercise is associated with both an increase in heart rate and an increase in circulating catecholamines, 4,5 the purpose of this study was to determine how these factors influence the amplitude of the atrial and ventricular electrograms.
CPIndex: Cyber-Physical Vulnerability Assessment for Power-Grid Infrastructures

To protect complex power-grid control networks, power operators need efficient security assessment techniques that take into account both cyber side and the power side of the cyber-physical critical infrastructures. In this paper, we present CPINDEX, a security-oriented stochastic risk management technique that calculates cyber-physical security indices to measure the security level of the underlying cyber-physical setting. CPINDEX installs appropriate cyber-side instrumentation probes on individual host systems to dynamically capture and profile low-level system activities such as interprocess communications among operating system assets. CPINDEX uses the generated logs along with the topological information about the power network configuration to build stochastic Bayesian network models of the whole cyber-physical infrastructure and update them dynamically based on the current state of the underlying power system. Finally, CPINDEX implements belief propagation algorithms on the created stochastic models combined with a novel graph-theoretic power system indexing algorithm to calculate the cyber-physical index, i.e., to measure the security-level of the system's current cyber-physical state. The results of our experiments with actual attacks against a real-world power control network shows that CPINDEX, within few seconds, can efficiently compute the numerical indices during the attack that indicate the progressing malicious attack correctly.
Sirolimus in cardiac transplantation: use as a primary immunosuppressant in calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity.

Background Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressants are a major cause of renal dysfunction in cardiac transplant recipients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CNI withdrawal and substitution with sirolimus as the primary immunosuppressant, and assess the effect on renal function in cardiac transplant recipients with CNI-induced renal impairment. Methods Thirty-four stable cardiac transplant recipients (range 1 to 14 years post-transplant) with CNI-induced nephrotoxicity (iothalamate clearance 25 to 50 ml/min) or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) were enrolled. Twelve patients (Group A) were prospectively enrolled for renal dysfunction. The remaining patients ( n = 22, Group B) were converted to sirolimus on clinical grounds because of poor renal function or the presence of CAV. CNI was withdrawn gradually over 12 weeks. Sirolimus was started at 1 mg/day with titration over 2 weeks to achieve levels of 10 to 15 ng/ml. Echocardiograms and cardiac biopsies were performed to determine rejection. Adjunct immunosuppression was left unchanged. Follow-up iothalamate clearance was performed. A further 24 patients (Group C) were retrospective controls, stable (range 2 to 10 years post-transplant), and maintained on a standard CNI-based immunosuppressant regimen. Results Iothalamate clearance (C i ) improved significantly (Group A baseline: 36.08 ± 2.4 ml/min to 48.67 ± 4.1 ml/min, p = 0.004; Group B baseline: 48.14 ± 3.2 ml/min to 55.77 ± 4.2 ml/min, p p Conclusions Substitution of CNIs with sirolimus in cardiac transplant recipients is safe and effective and leads to an improvement in renal function, without compromise in cardiac function and rejection.
The Space Around Thoughts

Life. Running here and there. Preoccupied with this and that. Swept away by one thought or another. We barely have time enough to notice time passing, never mind the preposterous proposition, dare ...
Does more medical care improve population health? New evidence for an old controversy

This article investigates the aggregate relationship between medical care and health for the US population. I use annual state level panel data for the period 1983 to 2000 to estimate static and dynamic health production function models. I find no compelling evidence that greater aggregate utilization of medical care from application of existing technology improves population health by lowering mortality in the short run or long run. My results suggest that development of new medical technologies that diffuse rapidly throughout the nation and at different rates across states may well explain much of the decline in the age-adjusted death rate over the past several decades, as well as persistent differences in mortality across geographic regions. Overall, my findings suggest that the US may be experiencing ‘flat of the curve medicine’ with future improvements in mortality from medical care coming from new and better technologies rather than greater intensity of services.
Engineering a Garden

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: Engineering a Garden” for OE Vol. 44 Issue 06
Mast Cell-Mediated Inhibition of Abdominal Neutrophil Inflammation by a PEGylated TLR7 Ligand

Although the mechanisms for sustained chemokine gradients and recurring cell infiltration in sterile peritonitis have not been elucidated, toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated. To abate the deleterious recruitment of neutrophils in sterile inflammation, we repeatedly administered a TLR7 ligand that hyposensitized to TLR7 and receptors that converged on the MyD88-signaling intermediary and reduced cellular infiltration in murine autoimmune models of multiple sclerosis and arthritis. To reduce potential adverse effects, a polyethylene glycol polymer was covalently attached to the parent compound (Tolerimod1). The proinflammatory potency of Tolerimod1 was 10-fold less than the unconjugated TLR7 ligand, and Tolerimod1 reduced neutrophil recruitment in chemically induced peritonitis and colitis. The effects of Tolerimod1 were mediated by the radioresistant cells in radiation chimeric mice and by mast cells in reconstituted mast cell-deficient mice (KitW-sh). Although the Tolerimod1 had weak proinflammatory agonist activity, it effectively reduced neutrophil recruitment in sterile peritoneal inflammation.
Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Orb-Weaving Spiders

The orb-weaving spiders (Orbiculariae) comprise more than 25% of the approximately 44,000 known living spider species and produce a remarkable variety of webs. The wheel-shaped orb web is primitive to this clade, but most Orbiculariae make webs hardly recognizable as orbs. Orb-weavers date at least to the Jurassic. With no evidence for convergence of the orb web, the monophyly of the two typical orb web taxa, the cribellate Deinopoidea and ecribellate Araneoidea, remains problematic, supported only weakly by molecular studies. The sister group of the Orbiculariae also remains elusive. Despite more than 15 years of phylogenetic scrutiny, a fully resolved cladogram of the Orbiculariae families is not yet possible. More comprehensive taxon sampling, comparative morphology, and new molecular markers are required for a better understanding of orb-weaver evolution.
Danger may enhance communication: predator calls alert females to male displays

Sexual displays are typically given in the absence of predators. One possible exception to this is seen in male splendid fairy-wrens (Malurus splendens), which sing display-like vocalizations (Type II song) in response to predator calls. In this study, we explored the function of this vocal ‘‘hitchhiking’’ using playback experiments. We documented that: 1) males responded to Type II songs of other males as if they were displays intended for conspecifics, 2) females became more attentive after hearing a predator vocalization than a control (nonpredator) vocalization, and 3) females tended to respond more strongly to Type II songs when the songs were preceded by a predator vocalization than when they were given solo. Males of all age and status classes produced Type II songs and production was not dependent on any of 3 morphological measures of male quality, so we do not find evidence to support the hypothesis that Type II singing behavior is condition dependent. Because predator calls increased female attentiveness and tended to increase subsequent response to Type II songs, it appears that males may be using predator vocalizations as alerting signals for their own conspecific-directed displays. Key words: acoustic displays, alerting signals, Malurus splendens, predator calls, sexual selection, signal detection. [Behav Ecol]
Stability of Barrier Buckets with Short or Zero Barrier Separations

A barrier bucket with very short or zero rf-barrier separation (relative to the barrier widths) has its synchrotron tune decreasing from a very large value towards the bucket boundary. As a result, chaotic region may form near the bucket center and extends outward under increasing modulation of rf voltage and/or rf phase. Application is made to those barrier buckets used in momentum mining at the Fermilab Recycler Ring.
A self-consistent model for cleavage in the presence of plastic flow

A theory is proposed for cleavage in the presence of plastic flow, in circumstances which do not involve strong viscoplastic retardation of dislocation motion. We build upon recent notions that recognize the large disparity between relevant length scales involved in plastic flow processes around cracks in metals and on metal-ceramic interfaces. The lengths consist of (1) the Burgers vector, (2) the nominal dislocation spacing, (3) the elastic "cell" dimension, and (4) the overall plastic zone size. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of "brittle" crack growth in the presence of pre-existing, apparently mobile, dislocations, which has been observed in several material systems. A continuum elastic-plastic finite element model is utilized that assumes the presence of a dislocation-free strip of elastic material of height D surrounding a crack tip, from which dislocations are assumed not to emit. The parameter D is self-consistently chosen by identifying a maximum equivalent Mises stress in the plastic zone with that predicted by a phenomenological strength law of the type first used by Taylor and Orowan, in which strength varies inversely with nominal dislocation spacing or with cell size, either of which is identified as D in different interpretations of the model. For steady-state crack growth to occur, it is found that the applied energy release rate G must generally be several orders of magnitude larger than the ideal work necessary to separate the interface, at least when D is taken as dislocation spacing. Furthermore, this "shielding" ratio is found to be strongly sensitive to the ideal work of fracture itself, as well as other material properties. Copyright ~ 1996 Acta Metallurgica Inc.
Efficient three-dimensional LCR extraction and modeling of VLSI packages

The computational cost of 3-D LCR package modeling is reduced by several techniques. Capacitance extraction uses a novel potential-adapted grid and an iterative equation solver. Inductance calculation is based on a mixed analytical/numerical integration method and a geometry dependent filament approximation. The resulting circuit model automatically takes into account only significant LC couplings. >
Smart grid monitoring using local area sensor network. Real-time data acquisition, analysis and management

This paper discusses a project of monitoring a university campus grid using a network of smart meters. The aspects of hardware, software, and monitoring are provided. Some aspects of the benefits of this monitoring in terms of power quality, grid efficiency, and health monitoring are discussed in the paper.
Measurement of adhesion force at elevated temperatures in MEMS using thermal-structural actuation

A new structure for the measurement of interfacial adhesion force between polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) surfaces in M/NEMS and at elevated temperature is introduced. The device consists of bilayer cantilever beams with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), which carry a rigid plate with a dimple. Thermal actuation and structural force stored in the beam, respectively, initiate and terminate the contact between the two surfaces under study. The proposed design can eliminate the effect of secondary forces such as electrostatic force caused by trapped charges at contact surfaces, which may contribute to the adhesion forces measured using other techniques.
CAD-based RCS computation of complex targets

The authors describe a computation scheme called shooting and bouncing rays (SBR). SBR is coupled with a CAD (computer-aided design) package and applied to open-region problems. Several examples are given, including the computation of the radar cross section (RCS) of a trihedral corner reflector and a truncated elliptical core. >
Partial-frame transition detection

This paper introduces a new video analysis problem, partial-frame transition detection, and describes an algorithm to solve the problem. Digital video allows the creation of new transitions between shots that were difficult to make with film—for example, wipes and dissolves can now be performed on only a part of the frame. These partial-frame transitions carry important semantic information but are often too small to be picked up by traditional transition detection algorithms. This paper describes the properties of partial-frame transitions and shows how to detect them.
Essays in Econometrics: Collected Papers of Clive W. J. Granger

This book, and its companion volume in the Econometric Society Monographs series (ESM number 33), present a collection of papers by Clive W. J. Granger. His contributions to economics and econometrics, many of them seminal, span more than four decades and touch on all aspects of time series analysis. The papers assembled in this volume explore topics in spectral analysis, seasonality, nonlinearity, methodology, and forecasting. Those in the companion volume investigate themes in causality, integration and cointegration, and long memory. The two volumes contain the original articles as well as an introduction written by the editors.
Evaluation of a Modular System for Low-Cost Transport and Storage of Herbaceous Biomass

A conceptual system adopting features from cotton, silage, and container shipping systems was evaluated between 2008 and 2011. The evaluation included both simulations of the anticipated full-scale system and field trials of forming, transporting, and storing biomass modules containing energy sorghum. The simulations utilized Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) and incorporated the anticipated module forming machine that would operate in partnership with a forage harvester, as well as a machine to load the modules onto a flatbed semi-trailer. When compared to the DOE target for logistics costs of $38.59/Mg, the estimated cost was lower for distances up to 80 km. Field results were promising, with biomass modules of up to 5.2 Mg formed, stored for up to 12 months, loaded on a truck in 2 min or less, and transported for 96 km with no significant change of shape or size. Difficulty in field drying of energy sorghum was consistent over 3 years of harvest, as was the ability to use field drying in windrows without increasing the ash content of the biomass. The manually formed module packages did not maintain an anaerobic environment throughout the storage period, and excessive biomass degradation occurred. In addition, the dry matter density in the modules was approximately 180 kg/m3 rather than the 240 kg/m3 targeted in the simulation. Despite the conceptual evaluation not achieving all the desired features, these studies demonstrated the economic and logistical advantages of a system based upon large packages of chopped biomass.
The Association Between Frequency of Food Group Consumption and Functional Disability in Older People

Results: Adjusting for covariates, in men, frequency of milk and their products consumption was inversely associated with IADL disability [OR (95% CI): 0.29 (0.13-0.65); p for trend=0.003]. Frequencies of fish and shellfish, and beverages consumption were also inversely associated with IADL disability. In women, frequencies of vegetables, seaweeds, and beverages consumption were inversely associated with ADL disability. Frequency of legumes and their products consum- ption was inversely associated with IADL disability [OR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.33-0.95); p for trend=0.063]. Conclusion: Increased frequencies of food group consumption may be protective against functional disability in Korean older people. Further research is needed to ascertain the effect of diet on physical disability in older persons.