cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pronounced changes of upward natural gas migration as precursors of major seismic events

Pronounced changes in the rate of natural gas migration to the surface of the Earth in the vicinity of faults and fractured zones can be used as precursors of major seismic events. The authors propose to use them in conjunction with other integral parameters characterizing the energetic state of a tectonic system for the development of a multicomponent earthquake prediction technique. Thus, it is necessary to develop and implement a stationary natural gas mobility monitoring system covering the vicinity of major faults and fractured zones at the area of interest.
The Stuff that Myths Are Made of Myth Building as Social Action

This article modifies Donna Haraway's concept of (counter) myth building as a way to facilitate social action. Counter myth building, as both a resource and a process, recognizes limitations on individual agency but foregrounds the productive capacity to be more than a social and historical construct. Because myths are multiple and enactments are unpredictable, both building and enacting counter myths are at best complicated. GirlZone and RadioGirl provide two sites for investigating these complications. As grassroots projects, GirlZone and RadioGirl are explicitly devoted to building counter myths as part of an activist agenda for social change. These sites illustrate how the complex semiotic and material processes of myth building may provide potential resources for these and other activists.
A clinical update in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia

Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia pose specific management issues that distinguish them from other chronic myeloproliferative disorders. They are associated with a better prognosis, as well as a variable risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications. In addition, essential thrombocythemia occurs comparatively more often in young people and women. Treatment strategies for patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia must consider the possibility of long-term survival, morbidity from thrombotic complications, transformation into myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia or acute myeloid leukemia, and the effect of specific therapies on the incidence of leukemic transformation and on pregnancy. There is increasing concern about the possible leukemogenic effect of hydroxyurea. Newer therapeutic agents, including interferon alpha and anagrelide, are being used more often. Ongoing studies are reexamining the effects of low-dose aspirin in preventing thrombotic complications.
Experimental Studies Of Photon-Surface Interaction Dynamics In The Alkali Halides

We describe recent measurements which have provided, in unprecedented detail, insights into the electronic mechanisms through which energy carried into a material by photon irradiation is absorbed, localized and rechanneled to produce desorption, surface modification, erosion and damage. The specific object of these studies has been desorption induced by electronic transitions in alkali halide crystals, with particular emphasis on the dynamics of changes in the surface and near-surface regions. In our experiments, the irradiating ultraviolet photons are provided by a synchrotron storage ring, and the dynamical information about desorption products is obtained from optical measurements of the quantum states, yields and velocity distributions of neutral ground-state and excited-state atoms ejected from the surface of the irradiating material. These studies have shown that the dominant exit channels in photon-induced particle emission are those producing ground-state and excited-state neutral atoms. Using dynamical information about these desorbing neutral species, obtained, for example, by laser-induced fluorescence and laser Doppler spectroscopy, we are generating an increasingly comprehensive picture of the dynamics of electronic energy flow into and out of pure crystalline surfaces in these prototypical dielectrics. We are also beginning to be able to relate desorption dynamics to specific materials properties, and to discriminate between pure surface and near-surface effects in these materials. Applications of these techniques to the problem of photon-induced surface damage and to analysis of surface dynamics in dielectric materials are discussed, and the relationships between these nearly ideal model materials and the non-crystalline, covalently bonded materials more typical of real optical elements are pointed out.
The effects of ovariectomy on the responsiveness of preoptic - septal neurons to microelectrophoresed estrogen

Extracellular potentials were recorded from medial preoptic-septal (MPOA-S) neurons in 2-week and 3–4 month ovariectomized rats, and the effects of microelectrophoresed l7 β -estradio
Alteration of RNA polymerase during transcription of phage λ DNA “in vivo”

Abstract λ DNA-RNA polymerase complex was isolated from λ-infected E. coli at a late stage of phage development. The polymerase was separated from the λ DNA and characterized with regard to the presence of σ-like initiation factor. The data support the hypothesis that initiation factor dissociates from RNA polymerase following the initiation of RNA synthesis.
Burnout and Death Anxiety in Hospice Social Workers

Hospice work has been regarded as particularly stressful due to the complexity inherent in the provision of end-of-life care. Burnout and death anxiety are especially relevant to hospice social workers because they regularly function in a high-stress, high-loss environment. The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the prevalence of burnout and death anxiety among hospice social workers; to examine associations between burnout and death anxiety; and to explore the factors which may contribute to the development of death anxiety and burnout. Participants completed four items: the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ), a demographic questionnaire, and a set of open-ended questions. Findings indicate that mean scores on the subscales of the MBI-HSS ranged from the low to moderate range and that a strong positive correlation existed between death anxiety and the depersonalization subscale of the MBI. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative data: (a) personal interest in hospice social work developed through a variety of ways; (b) although death anxiety decreased from exposure and understanding of the death process, there was increased death anxiety surrounding working with certain patients; and (c) burnout was primarily related to workload or difficult cases.
Counterfactual thinking and marketing: Introduction to the special issue

Counterfactuals are thoughts regarding alternatives to past outcomes, and they are an increasingly active topic of psychological research. Recently, this work has been applied to organizational and marketing domains. This introduction summarizes the theoretical basis underlying the effects of counterfactual thinking on emotions, decisions, and perception, and presents the four articles that comprise this special issue. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What is your diagnosis? Cervical mass in a cat

An 8-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for several months of weight loss, decreased appetite, and 2 bilateral, ventral cervical masses. Initial cytologic samples were interpreted as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Evaluation of subsequent mass aspirates revealed small numbers of large binucleated and multinucleated cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells admixed with more numerous small and intermediate-sized lymphocytes. In histopathologic sections, the normal architecture of the lymph node was largely effaced by a slightly heterogeneous mass composed of round cells arranged in densely cellular sheets with a minor population of large (25-microm diameter) mononuclear cells and a few very large (30-40-microm diameter) binucleated or multinucleated cells interpreted as Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Immunohistochemically, the large neoplastic (Reed-Sternberg-like) cells were negative for CD18, CD3, CD20, and CD79a while the background population consisted of about 70% T cells and 30% B cells. This pattern of immunohistochemical staining along with cytologic and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma, specifically, the lymphocyte-rich subtype. Hodgkin's-like lymphoma has been reported previously in cats and should be suspected when Reed-Sternberg-like cells are observed in cytologic preparations of lymph node aspirates. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
Translation Initiation Factor 4E Blocks Endoplasmic Reticulum-mediated Apoptosis

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is the mRNA cap-binding protein required for translation of cellular mRNAs utilizing the 5′ cap structure. The rate-limiting factor for mRNA recruitment to ribosomes, eIF4E is a major target for regulation of translation by growth factors, hormones, and other extracellular stimuli. When overexpressed, eIF4E exerts profound effects on cell growth and survival, leading to suppression of oncogene-dependent apoptosis, causing malignant transformation and conferring tumors with multiple drug resistance. We found previously that overexpressed eIF4E interdicts the apoptotic pathway induced by growth factor withdrawal and cytotoxic drugs by selectively activating the expression of Bcl-XL, thus preventing mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. In this study, we examined the impact of ectopic eIF4E expression on apoptosis mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we show that eIF4E rescued cells from the ER stressors brefeldin A, tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. In addition, we found that cells rescued from Ca2+ ionophore-triggered apoptosis did not release calcium from their ER nor did they translocate caspase-12 from the ER to the cytoplasm. These data lend strong support to the concept that eIF4E functions as a pleiotropic regulator of cell viability and that integration of critical organelle-mediated checkpoints for apoptosis can be controlled by the cap-dependent translation apparatus.
Why do people change addictive behavior? The 1996 H. David Archibald Lecture

Although there are specialty journals and professions focusing on addictions treatment, the reasons why people change addictive behaviors are still not well understood. The simplistic account that people change because they receive treatment is wanting in many ways. Many people who recover do so without formal treatment. Even relatively brief interventions seem to trigger change, and the dose of treatment delivered is surprisingly unrelated to outcomes. Client compliance with many different approaches, including placebo medication, has been linked to better outcomes. Client outcomes also vary widely depending upon the therapist who delivers treatment. Various models are briefly considered that may help in understanding this intriguing puzzle of change.
Harnack’s inequality for generalized subelliptic Schrödinger operators

We prove a uniform Harnack inequality for nonnegative solutions of ΔG u − µu = 0, where ΔG is a sublaplacian, µ is a non-negative Radon measure and satisfying scale-invariant Kato condition.
Quantum dot-nanocavity devices for information processing

A combination of a single quantum emitter (a semiconductor quantum dot) with a semiconductor optical nanocavity has been employed to demonstrate devices ranging from optical switches and modulators controlled with sub-fJ energies, to quantum sources.
Age-Related Differences in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Injury Patterns in Traumatic Patellar Dislocation: Case Series of 50 Surgically Treated Children and Adolescents

Background:Complete rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) during traumatic patellar dislocation may contribute to further patellar instability. As there is still no consensus regarding indications for treatment of such injuries, data on exact localization and extent of tear may influence the treatment decisions.Purpose:Analysis of the patterns and the age-related differences in the distribution of medial patellofemoral ligament injury during traumatic patellar dislocation in children and adolescents.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Fifty consecutive patients aged 10.5 to 17.5 years were operated on for injuries after a first episode of traumatic patellar dislocation. The indications for surgery were osteochondral fracture and/or complete MPFL tear. Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries were assessed preoperatively by sonography and then verified at surgery. To assess the influence of skeletal maturity on the injury pattern, the cohort was subdivided into 2 subgroups:...
Host genetic background effect on the frequency of mouse mammary tumor virus-induced rearrangements of the int-1 and int-2 loci in mouse mammary tumors.

Abstract The frequency with which int-1 and int-2 are rearranged in mouse mammary tumors by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced insertional mutagenesis is a consequence of the host genetic background. In 75% of C3H mammary tumors, int-1 is rearranged by MMTV insertion, whereas only 30% of BALB/cfC3H tumors contain a virus-induced rearrangement of int-1. This difference is significant (P less than 0.005) and could not be accounted for by the potentially additive effect of the genetically transmitted Mtv-1-encoded virus in C3H mice. Similarly, MMTV-induced rearrangement of the int-2 gene in mammary tumors of the R111 mouse strain (59%) occurred at a significantly (P less than 0.025) higher frequency than in BALB/cfR111 (25%) mammary tumors. Moreover, in BALB/cfR111 mammary tumors, there is evidence that rearrangement of int-1 and int-2 does not occur independently (P less than 0.025). These results suggest that the long history of inbreeding for high tumor incidence of C3H and R111 mouse strains has selected for the fixation of host mutations which either complement the action of the particular int gene or affect the sensitivity of specific subpopulations of mammary epithelium to infection by particular strains of MMTV.
Linkage between Anaplasma marginale Outer Membrane Proteins Enhances Immunogenicity but Is Not Required for Protection from Challenge

The prevention of bacterial infections via immunization presents particular challenges. While outer membrane extracts are often protective, they are difficult and expensive to isolate and standardize and thus are often impractical for development and implementation in vaccination programs. In contrast, individual proteins, which are easily adapted for use in subunit vaccines, tend to be poorly protective. Consequently, identification of the specific characteristics of outer membrane-based immunogens, in terms of the antigen contents and contexts that are required for protective immunity, represents a major gap in the knowledge needed for bacterial vaccine development. Using as a model Anaplasma marginale, a persistent tick-borne bacterial pathogen of cattle, we tested two sets of immunogens to determine whether membrane context affected immunogenicity and the capacity to induce protection. The first immunogen was composed of a complex of outer membrane proteins linked by covalent bonds and known to be protective. The second immunogen was derived directly from the first one, but the proteins were individualized rather than linked. The antibody response induced by the linked immunogen was much greater than that induced by the unlinked immunogen. However, both immunogens induced protective immunity and an anamnestic response. These findings suggest that individual proteins or combinations of proteins can be successfully tested for the ability to induce protective immunity with less regard for overall membrane context. Once protective antigens are identified, immunogenicity could be enhanced by cross-linking to allow a reduced immunogen dose or fewer booster vaccinations.
Investigations of the Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibition by Polyaniline. Polyaniline-Coated Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

The objective of this work was to elucidate the mechanism by which polyaniline (PANI) films passivate stainless steel surfaces in highly corrosive H 2 SO 4 solution. A variety of experimental methods, including measurements of the open-circuit potential, Auger depth profiling, and the scanning reference electrode technique (SRET), was used. These studies have shown that passivation is achieved because the oxidized and protically doped emeraldine-salt form of PANI holds the potential of the underlying stainless steel electrode in the passive region. Because of this electrostatic mechanism of corrosion inhibition, the entire stainless steel surface does not have to be coated with PANI in order to achieve passivation. Auger depth profiling experiments show that, in analogy to the case of a bare stainless steel surface whose potential is potentiostatically maintained in the passive region, the stainless steel surface beneath the PANI film is enriched in Cr after exposure to the H 2 SO 4 solution. Finally, SRET was used to explore passivation of the stainless steel in regions exposed to solution by pinholes intentionally cut through the PANI film. SRET shows that the PANI film surrounding the pinhole can heal the stainless steel in the pinhole region.
Using erasure codes efficiently for storage in a distributed system

Erasure codes provide space-optimal data redundancy to protect against data loss. A common use is to reliably store data in a distributed system, where erasure-coded data are kept in different nodes to tolerate node failures without losing data. In this paper, we propose a new approach to maintain ensure-encoded data in a distributed system. The approach allows the use of space efficient k-of-n erasure codes where n and k are large and the overhead n-k is small. Concurrent updates and accesses to data are highly optimized: in common cases, they require no locks, no two-phase commits, and no logs of old versions of data. We evaluate our approach using an implementation and simulations for larger systems.
Information-driven phase changes in multi-agent coordination

Large systems of agents deployed in a real-world environment face threats to their problem solving performance that are independent of the complexity of the problem or the characteristics of their specific solution mechanism. One such threat is the degrading of the quality of agent coordination mechanisms when faced with delays in the flow of critical information among the agents introduced by communication latencies. In this paper we demonstrate in a simple model of locally interacting agents that the emerging system-level performance may degrade very suddenly as the rate of individual decision making increases against the availability of up-to-date information. We present results from extensive simulation experiments that lead us to select a locally accessible metric to adapt the agent’s individual decision rate to values that are below this phase change. Given the generic nature of the coordination mechanism that is analyzed and the information-theoretic metric, the adaptation mechanism may increase the deployability of large-scale agent systems in real-world applications.
An Informational Analysis of Actors' and Observers' Belief Attributions in a Role-Playing Situation.

Abstract An actor's belief in a proposition was inferred by both the actor himself and an observer on the basis of information concerning (a) the actor's preparation and delivery of a speech on the proposition to an unseen audience, and (b) the audience's belief in the proposition. The availability of this information to judges was systematically varied. The position advocated by the actor in his speech and the audience's opinion affected both the actor's belief in the test proposition and the belief attributed to the actor by a disinterested observer. However, neither effect depended upon whether or not other belief-relevant information was also available. These results were interpreted as more consistent with a summative model of information integration than with an averaging model. Actors' behavior had similar effects upon both actors' estimates of how the audience would judge their beliefs and observers' actual estimates of these beliefs. However, these effects were both greater than the effect of their behavior on their own estimates of their beliefs. The apparent strength of the audience's belief in the target proposition had a positive influence upon both actors' beliefs in the proposition and observers' estimates of actors' beliefs, but had a negative, or contrast effect upon actors' expectancies for how the audience would judge their beliefs. Results were more consistent with the differential perspective hypothesis of actor-observer differences proposed by Jones and Nisbett than with the hypothesis that actors and observers differentially weight the implications of their past experience in formulating their judgments. Results had additional implications for the assumptions that persons make when using their behaviors as indications of their beliefs.
c-fos protein expression in apoptotic rat spermatocytes induced by gossypol

Abstract Proto-oncogene products such as c-fos protein with a molecular weight of 62 kDa have been identified in rat spermatocytes. In this study, cellular levels of c-fos proteins in spermatocytes, either with or without gossypol exposure, were quantitatively detected by Western immunoblot and a computer-controlled Spot-denso-program with an IS-1000 Digital Imaging System. Within 0.5–3.5 h (an average of 2 h) of the addition of gossypol, levels of c-fos proteins fell dramatically. The reduction in c-fos proteins occurred 6 h before the apoptosis of spermatocytes in the presence of gossypol. Four hours after exposure to gossypol, the c-fos protein content was overexpressed. The period of c-fos up-regulation lasted for approximately 8 h. The increase in c-fos protein coincided with a high rate of apoptotic cell death. Morphologic structure of the dying cell was revealed by electron microscopy. These results suggest that spermatocyte apoptosis induced by gossypol correlates with biphasic c-fos protein-mediated apoptosis.
Optimal sensor distribution in multi-station assembly processes for maximal variance detection capability

Recent advances in sensor technology now allow manufacturers to distribute multiple sensors in multi-station assembly processes. A distributed sensor system enables the continual monitoring of manufactured products and greatly facilitates the determination of the underlying process variation sources that cause product quality defects. This paper addresses the problem of optimally distributing sensors in a multi-station assembly process to achieve a maximal variance detection capability. A sensitivity index is proposed for characterizing the detection ability of process variance components and the optimization problem for sensor distribution is formulated for a multi-station assembly process. A data-mining-guided evolutionary method is devised to solve this non-linear optimization problem. The data-mining-guided method demonstrates a considerable improvement compared to the existing alternatives. Guidance on practical issues such as the interpretation of the rules generated by the data mining method and ho...
Complete Link Budgets for Backscatter-Radio and RFID Systems

Backscatter radio - wireless communication by modulating signals scattered from a transponder (RF tag) - is fundamentally different from conventional radio because it involves two distinct links: the power-up link for powering passive RF tags, and the backscatter link for describing backscatter communication. Because of severe power constraints on the RF tag, a thorough knowledge of the backscatter channel is necessary to maximize backscatter-radio and radio-frequency identification (RFID) system performance. This article presents four link budgets that account for the major propagation mechanisms of the backscatter channel, along with a detailed discussion of each. Use of the link budgets is demonstrated by a practical UHF RFID portal example. The benefits of future 5.8 GHz multi-antenna backscatter-radio systems are shown. An intuitive analogy for understanding the antenna polarization of RF tag systems is presented.
Escaping the maze of twisty classes

Programmers demand more extensive class libraries so they can reuse more code and write less of their own. However, these libraries are often so large that programmers get lost in deep hierarchies of classes and their members that are very broad in number. Yet language designers continue to focus on computation, leaving tools to solve library exploration problems without much help from the language.This paper applies language design to improve IDE code completion that enables in-situ library exploration. Inference tackles depth by listing completions as long as the program can be "fixed" to support their selection; e.g. "pressed" can be listed as a widget completion since a widget can be a button. Influence mitigates breadth by leveraging types as completion selection models; e.g. a pressed event is more likely to be used on a button than a mouse event. We apply this design to YinYang, a language for programming simulations on tablets using touch-based menus.
Invariant Radon measures for horocycle flows on Abelian covers

We classify the ergodic invariant Radon measures for horocycle flows on ℤ d –covers of compact Riemannian surfaces of negative curvature, thus proving a conjecture of M. Babillot and F. Ledrappier. An important tool is a result in the ergodic theory of equivalence relations concerning the reduction of the range of a cocycle by the addition of a coboundary.
Wave-tilt measurements

This is one of a series of mini-reviews prepared by the IEEE Wave Propagation Standards Committee to assist those persons who are unfamiliar with a topic and need a current overview of the art. This particular paper reviews the topic of measuring the wave-tilt of groundwaves to establish the properties of the uppermost ground.
Appointment of the Editor in Chief, 2016-2020.

On behalf of APTA's Board of Directors, I am pleased to announce the appointment of Alan M. Jette, PT, PhD, FAPTA, as editor in chief* of Physical Therapy ( PTJ ), effective January 1, 2016. Dr. Jette will succeed Rebecca Craik, PT, PhD, FAPTA, who has led the journal to new heights since 2006 and whose second and final term ends December 31, 2015. Over the next few months, she will prepare the Journal for its next phase, working with Alan to achieve a smooth transition. Alan is no stranger to PTJ ; through the years he has been an author (known particularly for outcomes research), a reviewer, an Editorial Board member, a special issue editor, and a deputy editor. Most significantly, 10 years ago, he served as interim editor …
Development of cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in larvae of the frog Xenopus laevis

Cardiovascular responses (blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance) to acute hypoxia (Po2 = 70 mmHg) in developing larvae of Xenopus laevis from Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stage 45 and up to newly metamorphosed froglets were investigated. The results revealed two distinct response patterns to acute hypoxia in "early" (NF stages 45-48 and 49-51) and "late" (NF stages 52-53, 54-57, and 58-62) larval Xenopus. The early larvae responded to acute hypoxia with a significantly decreased stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Peripheral resistance increased, whereas no change in heart rate occurred. In late larvae, stroke volume and blood pressure increased during acute hypoxia, but an offsetting bradycardia prevented major changes in cardiac output. We conclude that, up to stage 51 of development, hypoxia exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the heart and smooth muscle of the blood vessels, with no Frank-Starling relationship apparent. Older larvae show evidence of both intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of the cardiovascular system in response to acute hypoxia, suggesting that there is a specific point in larval development when cardiovascular regulation during hypoxia is expressed.
Regularized Structural Equation Modeling

There has been a growing interest in developing new methods that are more efficient in achieving simple structure such as regularization in principal component analysis (PCA; Zou, Hastie, & Tibshir...
Energy-Efficient Computing in Nanoscale CMOS

This Perspectives paper is on the ever-interesting topic of energy-efficient computing. It shows us that future goals are orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency (measured in Joule per operation) and a means to achieve that is operating at near-threshold voltage.
A Quantitative Method for Structuring a Profitable Sales Force

Choosing the most effective and profitable sales force is the single most important task facing sales management. The authors describe a quantitative method for deciding between alternate selling m...
Foraging and Day-Roosting Dynamics of Canopy Fruit Bats in Panama

Radio-tracking was used to monitor day-to-day changes in feeding areas, day-roosting sites, and roost group composition of two species of foliage-roosting fruit bats, Artibeus lituratus and Vampyrodes caraccioli . The bats changed roost sites almost daily but did not move to sites closer to current feeding areas. Relatively stable groups of one male and two or three females with young used and reused several foliage sites in areas of 0.5 to 2.5 ha and commuted to feeding areas up to 2.5 km away. Sit-and-wait predators like owls seem to be attracted to fruiting trees. The bats suspended or greatly reduced feeding passes to fruiting trees during periods of bright moonlight, but searching and commuting flights occurred even in the brightest moonlight. Predation pressure is implicated in the evolution of both foraging and roosting behaviors.
Fermilab cold compressor bearing lifetime improvements

The Fermilab Tevatron liquid helium cryogenic system has high speed, cold turbocompressors, made by IHI Co. Ltd., that allow for subatmospheric, lower temperature operation (3.5K). The present cold compressor design utilizes spiral wound dynamic gas foil bearings for the radial journal bearings. Fermilab has experienced a variation in journal bearing lifetimes leading to more frequent maintenance. Bearing lifetime appears to be satisfactory when the cold compressor is operated in a stable environment, such as in a stand-alone cryostat. However, the operating configuration calls for the cold compressor units to be mounted on other equipment. The degradation in bearing lifetime is attributed to the cold compressor being exposed to an externally induced vibratory environment. The vibratory environment will be characterized. Possible solutions to improve the bearing life will be presented, including provisions for additional support structure to minimize vibrations, and redesign of the foil bearing to improve tolerance to vibrations.
Frequency Domain Fluorometry: Theory and Application

Frequency domain fluorometry is a widely utilized tool in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. This chapter focuses on the theory of the method and the practical aspects required to carry out intensity decay, i.e., lifetime measurements on a modern frequency domain fluorometer. Several chemical/biological systems are utilized to illustrate data acquisition protocols. Data analysis procedures and methodologies are also discussed.
Motility of myosin I on planar lipid surfaces

Publisher Summary This chapter examines method for producing motility on planar lipid membranes. The methods are described in specific terms, calling for myosin I, actin, and certain buffers. Variations on the method may become evident for other applications, including other myosins and microtubule motor proteins. Two evolving technologies—namely, the reconstitution of in vitro motility and the formation of substrate-supported planar membranes are combined, to reconstitute the movement of actin filaments relative to lipid membranes with purified myosin. This provides a functional test for two of the properties of myosin I: binding to phospholipids attributed to domains in the tail and movement of actin filaments attributed to the head of the myosin I molecule. These separate domains of myosin I potentially enable membrane-mediated movement. The supported planar membranes are good models for biological membranes. The phospholipids in supported planar membranes share many important physical properties with the phospholipids in biological membranes, including a lateral diffusion constant of ∼ 10-8 cm2 s-1, a packing density of ∼70 A2 per molecule, and the coexistence of liquid and crystal domains.
Behavioral Case Formulation

Case formulation is a clinical process in which a therapist collects information with the intent to understand the concerns of a therapy client(s) and describe the problem within a particular therapeutic framework. The ultimate purpose of case formulation is to create the foundation upon which treatment strategies will be based, suggesting how to proceed in making alterations in the individual's behavior and creating solutions to the presenting problem(s). Behavioral case formulation is grounded in behavioral and learning theories, emphasizing observable behaviors and environmental factors that influence the initiation, alteration, or maintenance of problematic and more useful behaviors. This article outlines the basic processes involved in case formulation from a behavioral perspective.
Chemorheology of thermoplastic polyurethane and thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotube composite systems

Abstract In-situ polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is one of the best methods to obtain nanocomposites with well dispersed nanofillers and superior properties. The effect of nanofillers on reaction is an important factor during in-situ nanocomposite preparation. TPU/CNT nanocomposites were prepared via a sustainable in-situ polymerization of Polycaprolactonediol and 1,4- Phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI) in the presence of multiwall carbon nanotubes. Chemorheological studies conducted at different temperatures indicated that by increasing the temperature, in addition to linear polymerization, branching and crosslinking reactions contribute to viscosity evolution. Empirical and semi-analytical chemoviscosity models were employed to clarify the difference between reaction kinetics of TPU formation in the presence of CNTs. A semi-analytical model developed here, gave more insight into the reaction as well as system structural evolution. Activation energy of viscosity evolution due to polymerization was found to decrease by addition of carbon nanotubes. This acceleration effect is correlated to higher heat conductivity of the nanocomposite as well as CNT effects on the structure evolution in the polymerizing system.
Abstract 5236: Bitter melon juice causes strong efficacy towards pancreatic cancer stem cells by modulating the hedgehog signaling pathway

According to ACS estimates for year 2015, ∼48,960 new cases of pancreatic cancer (PanC) would be diagnosed with 40,560 associated deaths in the US alone. The median life of PanC patients post diagnosis is Citation Format: Rajesh Agarwal, Deepanshi Dhar, Chapla Agarwal, Gagan Deep. Bitter melon juice causes strong efficacy towards pancreatic cancer stem cells by modulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5236.
Impact of IT Governance and IT Capability on Firm Performance

Based on resource-based and strategic choice theory, this research empirically validates that IT governance is an important antecedent of IT capability, which in turn results in improved firm performance. This article contributes to the IS literature by proposing a comprehensive measure of IT governance based on secondary data, and simultaneously examining the impact of IT governance and IT capability on firm performance.
Cache-related preemption delay analysis for multi-level inclusive caches

Cache-related preemption delay (CRPD) analysis is crucial when designing embedded control systems that employ preemptive scheduling. CRPD analysis for single-level caches has been studied extensively based on useful cache blocks (UCBs). As high-performance embedded processors are increasingly used, which are often equipped with multi-level caches, CRPD analysis for cache hierarchies also needs to be investigated. Recently, an approach has been proposed to estimate CRPD for multi-level non-inclusive caches. Since multi-level inclusive caches are also commonly used, especially in some multi-core processors, it becomes important to study how to analyze CRPD for inclusive cache hierarchies. However, as shown in this paper, new challenges appear due to the strict inclusion enforcement in the multi-level inclusive caches, which make the traditional UCB concept hard to use. In this paper, we propose a new concept of useful positive references (UPRs) to replace the UCB concept. Based on UPRs, we propose an approach to bound the additional cache misses due to a preemption in a two-level inclusive cache hierarchy. We present theoretical analysis to show the approach is safe, and we evaluate the proposed approach on a set of benchmarks to demonstrate its effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze CRPD for multi-level inclusive caches.
Nearly 400 million people are at higher risk of schistosomiasis because dams block the migration of snail-eating river prawns

Dams have long been associated with elevated burdens of human schistosomiasis, but how dams increase disease is not always clear, in part because dams have many ecological and socio-economic effects. A recent hypothesis argues that dams block reproduction of the migratory river prawns that eat the snail hosts of schistosomiasis. In the Senegal River Basin, there is evidence that prawn populations declined and schistosomiasis increased after completion of the Diama Dam. Restoring prawns to a water-access site upstream of the dam reduced snail density and reinfection rates in people. However, whether a similar cascade of effects (from dams to prawns to snails to human schistosomiasis) occurs elsewhere is unknown. Here, we examine large dams worldwide and identify where their catchments intersect with endemic schistosomiasis and the historical habitat ranges of large, migratory Macrobrachium spp. prawns. River prawn habitats are widespread, and we estimate that 277-385 million people live within schistosomiasis-endemic regions where river prawns are or were present (out of the 800 million people who are at risk of schistosomiasis). Using a published repository of schistosomiasis studies in sub-Saharan Africa, we compared infection before and after the construction of 14 large dams for people living in: (i) upstream catchments within historical habitats of native prawns, (ii) comparable undammed watersheds, and (iii) dammed catchments beyond the historical reach of migratory prawns. Damming was followed by greater increases in schistosomiasis within prawn habitats than outside prawn habitats. We estimate that one third to one half of the global population-at-risk of schistosomiasis could benefit from restoration of native prawns. Because dams block prawn migrations, our results suggest that prawn extirpation contributes to the sharp increase of schistosomiasis after damming, and points to prawn restoration as an ecological solution for reducing human disease.This article is part of the themed issue 'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.
Pulmonary aspiration of sinus secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Background Indirect evidence suggests that sinonasal secretions are aspirated into the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), contributing to infection, subsequent tissue damage, and decreased lung function. Our objective is to determine whether sinonasal secretions are transferred to the lungs in patients with CF-related sinus disease and healthy subjects, particularly in the recumbent position and during sleep. Methods We performed a prospective, controlled trial to detect pulmonary aspiration of radiolabeled albumin applied to the nasal mucosa of study subjects with chronic sinusitis related to CF and control subjects without sinus disease. Radioactive counts were measured in the lungs and compared to background counts in both groups after 8 hours of rest/sleep. Results Complete data was collected on 12 CF patients and 6 controls. Eleven patients with CF demonstrated higher lung counts than background counts. The average counts of radiolabeled albumin in the lungs of CF patients were significantly greater than background counts (p = 0.03). Controls did not demonstrate this finding (p > 0.90), with only one-half demonstrating lung counts greater than background counts. Conclusion This study provides direct evidence of aspiration of sinonasal secretions into the lungs of patients with CF and healthy adults in the recumbent position. The fact that both patients and controls aspirated secretions suggests that aspiration alone does not account for the pathogenesis of lung disease in CF patients.
A Fast Parallel Algorithm for Delay Partial Differential Equations Modeling the Cell Cycle in Cell Lines Derived from Human Tumors

We present a fast numerical algorithm for solving delay partial differential equations that model the growth of human tumor cells. The undetermined model parameters need to be estimated according to experimental data and it is desired to shorten the computational time needed in estimating them. To speed up the computations, we present an algorithm invoking parallelization designed for arbitrary numbers of available processors. The presented numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Nanophotonics: Linear and Nonlinear Optics at the Nanoscale

Light propagation in sub-wavelength waveguides enables tight confinement over long propagation lengths to enhance nonlinear optical interactions. Not only can sub-wavelength waveguides compress light spatially, they also provide a tunable means to control the spreading of light pulses in time, producing significant effects even for nanojoule pulse energies. By exploring linear and nonlinear light propagation, first for free-space conditions, then for sub-wavelength guided conditions, we demonstrate how sub-wavelength structure can enhance nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. We demonstrate key applications including wavelength generation and all-optical modulation. Lastly, we show how to assemble these devices to form all-optical logic gates.
Exercise of Agency in Personal and Social Change

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews an agentic theoretical approach to human understanding and betterment. It also discusses some of the applications of this theory at both individual and macrosocial levels. The theoretical changes in the field of psychology at large are mirrored in how human dysfunctions and their treatment are conceptualized within the clinical enterprise. In these transformations, the theorists and their followers think, argue, and act agentically, but their theories about how other people function grant others little, if any, agentic capabilities. The value of a psychological theory is judged by three criteria. It must have explanatory power, it must have predictive power, and, in the final analysis, it must demonstrate operative power to improve the human condition. A well founded theory provides solutions to human problems. People are agents of experiences rather than simply undergoers of experiences. The sensory, motor, and cerebral systems are tools that people use to accomplish the tasks and goals that give meaning, direction, and satisfaction to their lives. Chronic disease has become the dominant form of illness and the major cause of disability. The treatment of chronic disease is focused on self-management of physical conditions over time.
A Review and Assessment of Drug-Induced Thrombocytosis.

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on drug-induced thrombocytosis with the goal of critically assessing causality and providing a comprehensive review of th...
Technology and second language pronunciation

Abstract This issue addresses the intersection of technology and pronunciation, discussing past, current and future uses of technology, the use of technology for researching L2 pronunciation, for training instructors, and for teaching learners. Technology is put forth as an essential and interconnected element of second language pronunciation. The topic grew out of the 8th Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching conference, held in August 2016 in Calgary, Alberta.
Chapter 3 – Energy

Public trains use electricity, and buses need fuel to work. Fossil fuel combustion can help produce electricity, or ignite the internal combustion engine of a bus; however, both processes emit pollution and greenhouse gases. Electricity can be produced from renewable clean energy sources such as hydroelectric, solar, or wind, which does not emit pollution or greenhouse gasses. The greenhouse gas effect is essential to human survival, but too much greenhouse gases leads to global warming. The cost of electricity and fuel is a major expense in mass transit, so it makes sense to try to save money by becoming more energy efficient, and conserve energy. Mass transit operations all around the world are big energy users, so when transit agencies opt to conserve and save energy, use or buy green energy, it profoundly contributes to a healthier planet. Transit agencies invest in the future of renewable or green energy when purchasing renewable energy credits.
Do Classroom Interactions Relate to Considerations of Institutional Departure Among Student Veterans and Service Members

The number of student veterans in higher education has significantly increased over the last decade; however, many student veterans and service members consider dropping out of higher education and ultimately choose to do so. In this study we conducted a secondary data analysis of a campus climate study that included responses from more than 400 student veterans. We draw on prior literature on student veterans and conceptually ground our study in the literature on campus climates. We found that student veterans who have positive perceptions of their relationships with professors in the classroom environment are less likely to consider leaving their universities.
The vanishing exception: republican and reactionary specters of populism in rural Spain

In contrast to the dominant European tendency, the 2008 economic crisis and the ensuing austerity in Spain led to the emergence of left populist movements that have kept authoritarian populism at b...
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Patient

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, life-threatening hematologic stem cell disorder characterized by hemoglobinuria, thrombosis, and tendency for bone marrow failure. The rare incidence of PNH in children, its nonspecific clinical presentation, and occasional absence of hemoglobinuria make the diagnosis challenging. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who was hospitalized with a history of recurrent abdominal pain, fever, and dark-colored urine. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated inflammatory markers. Urinalysis was positive for protein and red blood cells, too many to be counted. Complement studies were within normal limits. Abdominal computed tomography showed a segment of the small bowel with wall thickening and signs of possible microperforation. Exploratory laparotomy revealed necrosis of the small bowel, and histological evaluation was suggestive of an autoimmune process with small vessel vasculitis. Bone marrow biopsy showed hypocellular marrow with a decreased number of myeloid cells, normal number of megakaryocytes, and signs of erythroid hyperplasia. Flow cytometry detected deficiency of CD59 leading to the diagnosis of PNH. The patient was treated with eculizumab infusions resulting in significant improvement. This case highlights the need for high clinical suspicion for rare entities such as PNH in patients presenting without hemoglobinuria.