cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective preservation of the anal transition zone in ileoanal pouch procedures

PURPOSE: A prospective trial was conducted to evaluate use of certain preoperative criteria in the choice of operative technique for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Handsewnvs.stapled anastomotic techniques were compared as was preservationvs.excision of the anal transition zone (ATZ). METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 40 consecutive patients underwent restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA for ulcerative colitis (31 cases) or familial adenomatous polyposis (9 cases). In 28 patients, ATZ was completely excised, by either a transanal mucosectomy with handsewn anastomosis (Group I, 13 cases) or by double-stapled technique (Group II, 15 cases). The ATZ was preserved and the anastomosis was double-stapled in colitis patients with suboptimum sphincter function and/or greater than 50 years of age in the absence of dysplasia or severe distal proctitis (Group III, 12 cases). RESULTS: Groups I and II patients were homogeneous in their preoperative variables and had equivalent functional outcome. Group III patients were older (P=0.0001), with weaker preoperative anal sphincter resting tone (P=0.024). Compared with Groups I and II, patients in Group III had significantly greater 24-hour stool frequency (P=0.0056), daytime stool frequency (P=0.0125), and incidence of daytime fecal seepage (P=0.007). There was no significant difference in other outcome variables in Group III patients. There was no difference in morbidity in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transanal mucosectomy with handsewn anastomosis provided early functional results equivalent to low anal transection with double-stapled IPAA in younger patients with excellent preoperative sphincter function. A double-stapled technique with preservation of the ATZ may be reserved for older patients, with poorer anal sphincter function, at minimum dysplasia/cancer risk, to optimize continence figures.
Episcleral plaque brachytherapy for retinoblastoma.

Background. The purpose of this study was to report our experience using episcleral plaque brachytherapy (EPBRT) to treat retinoblastoma and to demonstrate its applicability in multi-modality treatment. Procedure. We treated 26 tumors in 25 eyes from a group of 21 children with unilateral (n=4) or bilateral (n=17) retinoblastoma. The group comprised 8 girls and 13 boys; the median age was 25 months (range: 2-64 months) at the time of EPBRT. Iodine-125 ( 125 I) was used for all applications. The median dose was 44 Gy (range: 35-47.6 Gy). EPBRT was administered primarily at the time of relapse after primary chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Results. For eyes treated with EPBRT, the eye preservation rate was 15/25 with a median follow-up of 47 months (range: 2-198 months); the lesion control rate was 25/26 with a median follow-up of 13 months (range: 1-140 months). The median time to additional whole-eye treatment after EPBRT was 12 months (range: 2-105 months). Conclusions. Similar to previously reported series, EPBRT shows a high rate of successful tumor control as a primary treatment for retinoblastoma, as well as a secondary therapy at the time of relapse. EPBRT also allows for a clinically significant delay in the time to additional measures for the affected eye. Therefore, EPBRT should be considered as a form of local ophthalmic therapy that avoids or delays the use of external-beam radiotherapy, especially for patients primarily treated with chemotherapy who might require consolidation therapy.
Time Series Join on Subsequence Correlation

We consider the problem of joining two long time series based on their most correlated segments. Two time series can be joined at any locations and for arbitrary length. Such join locations and length provide useful knowledge about the synchrony of the two time series and have applications in many domains including environmental monitoring, patient monitoring and power monitoring. However, join on correlation is a computationally expensive task, specially when the time series are large. The naive algorithm requires O (n4) computation where n is the length of the time series. We propose an algorithm, named Jocor, that uses two algorithmic techniques to tackle the complexity. First, the algorithm reuses the computation by caching sufficient statistics and second, the algorithm prunes unnecessary correlation computation by admissible heuristics. The algorithm runs orders of magnitude faster than the naive algorithm and enables us to join long time series as well as many small time series. We propose a variant of Jocor for fast approximation and an extension to a GPU-based parallel method to bring down the running-time to interactive level for analytics applications. We show three independent uses of time series join on correlation which are made possible by our algorithm.
Collapsed Molecular Rectangles Based on Rhenium(I) Coordination of Ethynylpyridyl Porphyrins Synthesis, Structure, and Bending-Induced Charge-Transfer Behavior

Efforts to synthesize extremely large rectangle-shaped porphyrin systems have yielded an unusual and unexpected collapsed structure that brings the porphyrin walls into van der Waals contact. The bent geometry of the nominally rigid ethynylpyridyl porphyrin ligand edges, mandated by the collapse of the rectangle, imparts significant charge-transfer character to the rectangles' Soret and Q-region electronic transitions, as shown experimentally by Stark spectroscopy and transient DC photoconductivity measurements, and replicated by electronic structure calculations. In contrast to lower symmetry porphyrin-like pairs found in naturally occurring photosystems, however, the light-induced charge transfer is an intra-porphyrin rather than inter-porphyrin process. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
The mobility of uranium and other elements during alteration of rhyolite ash to montmorillonite: A case study in the Troublesome Formation, Colorado, U.S.A.

Abstract An unusual occurrence of juxtaposed glassy and clay-altered ash was sampled to estimate the degree and type of element mobility during alteration of glass to montmorillonite. The results are particularly interesting in that major mobilization of uranium is indicated. Closely spaced samples of glassy and montmorillonitic ash were collected from the same 20–50 cm thick stratigraphic horizon in the Troublesome Formation (Miocene) of northwestern Colorado. Sharp contacts exist between glassy ash and underlying pink montmorillonite and indicate that water-saturated conditions were restricted to basal ash layers. Formation of montmorillonite instead of zeolites suggests that the water was not highly saline or alkaline. Isotopic and chemical analyses of glassy and clay-altered samples indicate the following: 1. (1) Montmorillonite has U concentrations which are only 10–15% of the concentrations in coexisting glass. Similarly depleted elements include Cs, Rb, Na and K. Much smaller depletions of these elements in some glassy samples serve as sensitive indicators of incipient alteration of glass to montmorillonite. 2. (2) Abundances of relatively insoluble elements such as Th, Ta, Hf and Al are slightly higher (5–50%) in clay-altered ash and serve as indicators of the maximum levels of enrichment in residual material. Greater enrichment of elements such as Ca, Mg, Sr, Sc, P, Cr and Co indicate structural incorporation, adsorption, or ion-exchange uptake by clay or secondary hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn. 3. (3) The rare-earth-element patterns and abundances in glass are sufficiently mimicked by detritus-free montmorillonite to document the compositional equivalency of the two. 4. (4) Radioactive equilibrium exists between 238 U and its decay products 234 U and 230 Th. This documents minimal open-system mobility of U within the last ∼ 0.3 Ma.
Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of heterocycles Part 1. 1,4‐Benzodioxans

The mass spectral fragmentation pattern of a series of substituted 1,4-benzodioxans is reported. The 2,3-disubstituted compounds show a characteristic fragment peak at mass 121. The 2-monosubstituted compounds do not show this as fragment peak. The mass peak at 121 has been assigned the empirical formula of C7 H5 O2.
Miconazole in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: A preliminary report

Miconazole, a new imidazole antimycotic agent, was given intravenously to five children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis over an 18-month period. There was marked improvement of mucosa and skin in two patients, moderate-to-mild improvement in two, and no improvement in one. Nail lesions were not improved in any patient. Adverse reactions included phlebitis, pruritus, nausea and dizziness, rash, wheezing, mild transient anemia, and mild transient transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) elevations; it was necessary to discontinue treatment in only one patient. No renal toxicity was noted. Miconazole appears to be a relatively safe and promising alternative to amphotericin B in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of hepatitis B and C; the impact on transplantation and outcomes

Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C are global scourges but are likely to peak in incidence in the next 2 decades and then decline. Universal vaccination has been effective in stemming the incidence of chronic hepatitis B and early-onset HCC in regions of high endemicity where implemented, but preventive measures in HCV are not yet available. After the attrition of older affected generations, the incidence of HCC will likely decline rapidly. While no vaccine is currently available for hepatitis C, cases are projected to peak and decline because of a marked reduction in transmission as a result of behavioral modification and safeguarding of blood supplies. Until these epidemiologic projections come to pass, management of hepatocellular carcinoma will continue to become a progressively more frequently encountered clinical challenge. Therapy for chronic hepatitis may ameliorate but will not eliminate the development of tumors. The demand for orthotopic liver transplantation will continue to climb, and palliative therapies for non-resectable cases will require studies aimed at optimization of benefit. LDLT may remain an option for high-risk patients affording tumor-free survival for some otherwise terminal patients.
Global Cultural Fragmentation: A Bourdieuan Perspective

We examine the contention that global cultural fragmentation persists because it is anchored in increasingly autonomous cultural fields, which produces both challenges to the state and maintains parallel global cultural zones. Instead of a diverse world slowly culturally homogenizing under the onslaught of economic globalization, the emerging autonomous cultural fields creates both intense nationalist struggles over alternative modes of cultural authority, and sustains distinctive worldviews, which are shaped by the cultural heritages of past practices. Economic development appears to push these global zones in a common modernity direction, but rather than converging, they move on parallel path dependent trajectories. This parallelism is maintained by the differing structures of capital, which are embedded in each zone. Analizamos la controversia de que existe la fragmentacion cultural porque se aferra en campos culturales autonomos que van en aumento, lo cual produce desafios al estado y mantiene zonas c...
A Pooled Analysis of the Effects of Conjugated Estrogens/Bazedoxifene on Lipid Parameters in Postmenopausal Women From the Selective Estrogens, Menopause, and Response to Therapy (SMART) Trials

Context: Menopausal lipid profile changes may increase cardiovascular risk. The effects of conjugated estrogens (CE)/bazedoxifene (BZA), an approved menopausal therapy, on lipids have not been fully characterized. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CE/BZA on lipids in the Selective estrogens, Menopause, And Response to Therapy (SMART) trials for ≥1 year. Design: This was a pooled analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled phase 3 trials (SMART-1, -4, and -5). Setting: The study was conducted in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific Region, and Latin America. Participants: Participants were nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women aged 40 to 75 years, not taking lipid-lowering medications (N = 2796). Interventions: Treatments were CE 0.45 mg/BZA 20 mg, CE 0.625 mg/BZA 20 mg, and PBO. Main Outcome Measures: The adjusted mean percentage changes from baseline in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein ch...
Comparative metabolism of [14C]benzene to excretable products and bioactivation to DNA-binding derivatives in maternal and neonatal mice

Lactating adult female mice treated with a single dose of 880 mg/kg i.p. [14C]benzene, and their 2-day-old sucklings similarly treated or nursed by their treated dams were compared in terms of their ability to metabolize benzene to urinary products or reactive intermediates as assessed by covalently-bound benzene derivatives in whole blood or liver DNA. Six metabolite fractions were identified in the urine of sucklings by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis at 5 h following intraperitoneal (direct) treatment with benzene. Three of the metabolite fractions co-chromatographed with authentic phenol, phenyl glucuronide, and muconic acid, and contributed 11, 6.9 and 0.6%, respectively, to the total urinary benzene metabolites. Two of the fractions were unidentified. The sixth and most polar fraction consisted of multiple metabolites, 21% of which were conjugates, and accounted for 72% of the total urinary metabolites. A similar metabolite profile was observed in 24-h urine samples from treated dams with the exception that one of the unidentified fractions in the sucklings was absent and levels of the metabolites were quantitatively higher than those observed in sucklings 5 h following their treatment with benzene. Furthermore, 78% of the most polar fraction from the dams consisted of conjugates compared with 21% of that from the sucklings. The metabolite pattern in urine of sucklings nursed by treated dams was qualitatively similar to, but quantitatively different from the pattern in treated dams. Five hours following intraperitoneal treatment with benzene, covalent binding of the compound to DNA (expressed as pmol benzene equivalents/mg DNA) in sucklings was slightly higher in whole blood (1.15±0.07) than in liver (0.77±0.07), whereas in the dam, it was slightly lower in whole blood (0.88±0.48) than in liver (1.63±0.61). Twenty four hours following benzene exposure in sucklings of benzene-treated dams, DNA binding by the compound in whole blood (3.85±1.05) and liver (0.11±0.03) was higher and lower, respectively than the binding observed in benzene-injected sucklings 5 h following the injection. Our results show that excretable as well as reactive metabolites of benzene are formed substantially by the neonatal mouse, and that the extent of bioactivation of the compound is comparable in the adult and the suckling mouse. The results show also that sucklings of benzene-exposed mothers are exposed to substantial levels of the compound and are potentially susceptible to its toxic effects.
Microwave, structural, conformational, vibrational studies and ab initio calculations of isocyanocyclopentane.

Abstract The infrared and Raman spectra (3200–50 cm −1 ) of the gas, liquid or solution, and solid have been recorded of isocyanocyclopentane, c-C 5 H 9 NC. FT-microwave studies have also been carried out and 23 transitions were recorded for the envelope-axial (Ax) conformer. Variable temperature (−65 to −100 °C) studies of the infrared spectra (3200–400 cm −1 ) dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. From these data, both the Ax and envelope-equatorial (Eq) conformers have been identified and their relative stabilities obtained. The enthalpy difference has been determined to be 102 ± 10 cm −1 (1.21 ± 0.11 kJ mol −1 ) with the Ax conformer the more stable form. The percentage of the Eq conformer is estimated to be 38 ± 1% at ambient temperature. The conformational stabilities have been predicted from ab initio calculations by utilizing several different basis sets up to aug-cc-pVTZ from both MP2(full) and density functional theory calculations by the B3LYP method. Vibrational assignments have been made for the observed bands for both conformers with initial predictions by MP2(full)/6-31G(d) ab initio calculations to obtain harmonic force constants, wavenumbers, infrared intensities, Raman activities and depolarization ratios for both conformers. The structural parameter values for the Ax form are; for the heavy atom distances (A): C N = 1.176 (3); C α N = 1.432 (3); C α C β ,C β′ = 1.534 (3); C β C γ, C γ′ = 1.542 (3); C γ C γ′ = 1.554 (3) and angles (°): ∠ C α N C = 177.8 (5); ∠ C β C α N = 110.4 (5); ∠ C β C α C β ′ = 102.9 (5); ∠ C α C β C γ = 103.6 (5); ∠ C β C γ C γ ′ = 105.9 (5). The results are discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of some related molecules.
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: progress, practice, and pitfalls.

Objective: To provide an updated review of the current progress in, and the practice and pitfalls of, thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Methods: The medical literature on the topic was reviewed, and the current methods, advantages, and controversies concerning FNA biopsy of thyroid nodules are summarized. Results: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 19 to 35%. Most thyroid cancers manifest as thyroid nodules; however, only a small fraction of all thyroid nodules harbor malignant disease. Certain clinical features increase the likelihood of malignant involvement, but the absence of such features does not exclude the possibility of cancer. Of all currently available methods of evaluating nodular thyroid disease, FNA biopsy has been found to have the greatest diagnostic accuracy, approaching 95%, and its widespread use has resulted in substantial cost savings and has allowed a much better selection of patients in need of surgical treatment. The ...
Child Sexual Abuse and the Media: A Literature Review

The media play an important role in practice, policy, and public perception of child sexual abuse, in part by the way in which news stories are framed. Child sexual abuse media coverage over the past 50 years can be divided into five time periods based on the types of stories that garnered news coverage and the ways in which public policy was changed. This systematic literature review of research on child sexual abuse media coverage across disciplines and geographic boundaries examines 16 studies published in the English language from 1995 to 2012. A seminal work is identified, citation network analysis is applied, and a framework model is developed.
Structure and Mass Segregation in h and χ Persei

We use V magnitudes and spectral types to examine the density structure of h and χ Per. We describe an automatic method for deriving spectral types and compare classifications for observations made at two different facilities. With these data, we measure an extinction to the clusters of E(B - V) = 0.52 ± 0.07, consistent with other authors. However, there appears to be a correlation between the spectral types of the stars used and the resulting value of the extinction. We compare extinction values measured by different authors using different numbers of stars and reproduce their values by imposing different cuts in the V magnitude. This variation in color excess versus spectral type suggests that the standard intrinsic colors for the earliest type stars are bluer than the stars in h and χ Per. We measure centers for h and χ Per at α(2000) = 2h18m564 ± 30, δ(2000) = 57°8'25'' ± 23'' and α(2000) = 2h22m43 ± 29, δ(2000) = 57°8'35'' ± 25'', respectively. We fit the density structure of the clusters and find core radii of 1.9 and 2.4 pc, respectively. Integration of the Miller-Scalo initial mass function suggests overall cluster masses of 5500 and 4300 M⊙ and central densities of 27 and 50 M⊙ pc-3, respectively. We find strong evidence of mass segregation in h Per but not in χ Per. Examination of the dynamical timescales, as well as comparisons between the two clusters, suggest that the mass segregation is partly primordial.
UNIFORM ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS FOR THE WHITTAKER FUNCTIONS Mκ,iμ(z) AND Wκ,iμ(z)

Uniform asymptotic approximations are obtained for the Whittaker's confluent hypergeometric functions Mκ, iμ(z) and Wκ, iμ(z), where κ, μ and z are real. Three cases are considered, and when taken together, result in approximations which are valid for κ → ∞ uniformly for 0 ≤ μ < ∞, 0 < z < ∞, and also for μ → ∞ uniformly for 0 ≤ κ < ∞, 0 < z < ∞. The results are obtained by an application of general asymptotic theories for differential equations either having a coalescing turning point and double pole with complex exponent, or a fixed simple turning point. The resulting approximations achieve a uniform reduction of free variables from three to two, and involve either modified Bessel functions or Airy functions. Explicit error bounds are available for all the approximations.
Comparison of tetrahydroaminoacridine and physostigmine on scopolamine-induced free swim behavior in the rat

The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on free swim behavior in rats pretreated with scopolamine (0.32 mg/kg, IP) was examined. Long-Evans rats received a single 5-min testing trial in a 1.5 m black swimming pool, and swim distance in three concentric annulus corridors (peripheral, middle, and inner) and the number of body-turn transitions (>45°) were measured. Physostigmine (1.0 mg/kg, IP) increased swim distance in the middle and inner annulus corridors, compared to tetrahydroaminoacridine (2.0 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, IP) and scopolamine alone (control) (Ps<0.01), and increased body-turn transitions, compared to all the other groups (Ps<0.05), but had no significant effect on peripheral annulus corridor swim distance, total swim distance, or swim speed. The results suggest that physostigmine produces uniquely different free swim patterns from tetrahydroaminoacridine following cholinergic blockade. These findings have implications for investigations attempting to restore spatial learning and navigation (e.g., Morris water maze) using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors following experimentally-induced cholinergic losses.
Architect, Developer, Designer: The Anatomy of UX in Industry Job Postings

User Experience is a quickly evolving, interdisciplinary field that combines psychology, communication, social science, design, technology, and other specialized knowledge areas in an attempt to better understand how users interact with information products and how practitioners can better design such products. However, User Experience/Information Architect jobs commonly ask for applicants whose degrees are in technical disciplines, such as computer science, rather than technical communication. Industry isn't always aware of the unique qualifications that non-computer science majors can bring to these often technology-intensive jobs. This poster will present the results of an investigation of over 1000 "user experience" job ads, collected in the fall of 2013, to identify the job titles, educational and experience requirements, technological competencies, and soft qualifications sought by user experience/information architect jobs. The data can help us better understand the anatomy of this emerging field and, in turn, articulate the value--added of graduates from technical communication and related programs.
Identification of genes governing filamentous growth and tumor induction by the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis.

Abstract Two master regulatory loci, a and b, govern life-cycle transitions of the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis. Fusion of haploids that differ at both a and b results in production of a filamentous dikaryon, which induces tumors in its host, maize. Here I describe identification of genes distinct from a and b that play roles in these life-cycle transitions. These studies identify three genes, fuz1, fuz2, and rtf1, that are necessary for filament formation. fuz1 is also necessary for normal size and distribution of tumors and for teliospore formation; fuz2 is also necessary for teliospore germination. Mutations in the rtf1 gene, which are recessive, bypass the requirement of different b alleles for tumor formation. This observation indicates that rtf1 codes for a negative regulator of tumor induction. The fuz1, fuz2, and rtf1 genes may be targets for the a and b loci.
A study of surface interactions on γ-alumina, silica-alumina, and silica-magnesia using the EPR spectra of adsorbed nitric oxide

Abstract The EPR spectrum of the adsorbed NO molecule was used to determine crystal and magnetic field interactions on the surface of γ-alumina, silica-alumina, and silica-magnesia. The crystal-field splitting, Δ, of the 2pπ ∗ levels of NO was found to be 0.75 eV on dehydrated γ-alumina and 0.60 eV on dehydrated silica-alumina. The spectrum on silica-magnesia indicated two adsorption sites with Δ equal to 0.60 and 0.33 eV. Spectra of NO on γ-alumina and silica-alumina show considerable hyperfine coupling with an 27Al atom at the adsorption site. The spectra were very similar to the spectrum of NO on a decationated Y zeolite. The maximum number of adsorption sites (as indicated by the spin concentration) was found to be 4(± 1) × 1012 sites/cm2 for 7-alumina and two types of silica-alumina. Silica-magnesia had 1.1(± 0.3) × 1012 sites/cm2. The number of sites and the shape of the spectra were a function of the degree of dehydration. Water added back to dehydrated γ-alumina and silica-alumina also affected the spectra. It appears that these adsorption sites are the α sites which Peri has studied using the IR spectra of adsorbed CO2.
Biomarkers of acute respiratory allergen exposure: screening for sensitization potential.

Abstract Effective hazard screening will require the development of high-throughput or in vitro assays for the identification of potential sensitizers. The goal of this preliminary study was to identify potential biomarkers that differentiate the response to allergens vs non-allergens following an acute exposure in naive individuals. Female BALB/c mice received a single intratracheal aspiration exposure to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (MACA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) or HBSS alone. Mice were terminated after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was evaluated to determine total and differential cellularity, total protein concentration and LDH activity. RNA was isolated from lung tissue for microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. MACA administration induced a rapid increase in BALF neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and total protein compared to BSA or HBSS. Microarray analysis demonstrated differential expression of genes involved in cytokine production, signaling, inflammatory cell recruitment, adhesion and activation in 3 and 12 h MACA-treated samples compared to BSA or HBSS. Further analyses allowed identification of ∼ 100 candidate biomarker genes. Eleven genes were selected for further assessment by qRT-PCR. Of these, 6 demonstrated persistently increased expression (Ccl17, Ccl22, Ccl7, Cxcl10, Cxcl2, Saa1), while C3ar1 increased from 6–24 h. In conclusion, a single respiratory exposure of mice to an allergenic mold extract induces an inflammatory response which is distinct in phenotype and gene transcription from the response to a control protein. Further validation of these biomarkers with additional allergens and irritants is needed. These biomarkers may facilitate improvements in screening methods.
Clinical and biochemical abnormalities in endurance horses eliminated from competition for medical complications and requiring emergency medical treatment: 30 cases (2005-2006).

Objective – To describe the clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in endurance horses eliminated from competition and requiring emergency medical treatment. Design – Retrospective study over a 2-year period (2005–2006). Ten horses that successfully completed the ride in 2006 were included for comparison. Setting – Temporary equine emergency field hospital. Animals – All horses (n=30) that were removed from endurance competition and treated for a metabolic abnormality were studied. Interventions – Horses were treated with IV fluids and analgesics. Monitoring included lab work (PCV, total protein, and electrolytes) and serial physical examinations. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and parametric and nonparametric comparisons (ANOVA, Friedman's test, and Kruskal-Wallis) where appropriate. Measurements and Main Results – The clinical diagnoses identified included colic, esophageal obstruction, poor cardiovascular recovery, myopathy, and synchronous diaphragmatic flutter. As a group, these sick horses had lower plasma chloride and potassium and higher total plasma protein concentrations as compared with 10 healthy horses that successfully completed the ride (P<0.05, <0.01, and <0.05 for chloride, potassium, and total protein, respectively). Horses with colic had a lower PCV as compared with horses with poor recovery and those with synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (P<0.05). All horses, including colics, were treated medically and discharged to owners. Conclusions – Based on the results of this study, the prognosis for horses requiring emergency veterinary treatment after being removed from endurance competition (for metabolic reasons) appears to be good if horses are withdrawn from competition under the same criteria outlined in this study. Biochemical abnormalities tend to be mild and do not necessarily aid in delineating sick horses from successfully completing horses. None of the horses with gastrointestinal disease required abdominal surgery.
A Statistical method for the study of beta decay giant resonances

Abstract Instead of the semi-empirical theory for estimating the β-decay strength function, due to Takahashi and Yamada, we consider a formal theory, that of spectral distributions. This theory gives the strength as a bilinear expansion in polynomials, defined by the spectra in the initial and final model spaces, as recently outlined by Draayer, French and Wong. This formally exact theory is approximated in practice by restricting the expansion to polynomials of low order, and relying on the central limit theorem for convergence. We start our calculation with a simple picture of the β-decay strength, which amounts to considering only the first term in the polynomial expansion, and we calculate β-decay lifetimes for some nuclei. Then we go on to apply techniques developed by Li, Ginocchio and Chang and Wong for evaluating terms up to the central-limit-theorem limit in order to include the correlation of the β-decay operator with the hamiltonian. With the extended theory, we find a more-or-less adequate agreement between theory and experiment. Finally, in order to study the structure of the theory, and to test the validity of certain assumptions made in its application, we consider as a specific example, the Gamow-Teller transition in (ds)5, between (J, T) = ( 5 2 , 3 2 ) and ( 3 2 , 1 2 ) . The smoothed strength and strength sums evaluated by this distribution method are compared to the shell-model results and satisfactory agreement is found. We expect that the main application of the theory will be to β-decay in heavier nuclei.
Illegitimate monarchy and legally-sanctioned king-killing in Milton’s Tenure of Kings and Magistrates and Eikonoklastes

In my article, I establish how the poet’s pro-regicidal tracts The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates and Eikonoklastes support an evolutionary notion of kingship, and in doing so seek to shift the balance from a concept of monarchical rule in which the differentiation between adequate versus criminal leadership is largely inconsequential to one in which the quality of sovereign leadership matters. I specifically demonstrate how Milton follows Dutch scholar Hugo Grotius, leading proponent of just/unjust martial theory during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to determine that restricted modes of battle were necessary means to the creation and perpetuation of an orderly and organized society, which more and more responded to misuses of sovereign authority by supporting the individual’s right to resist and expel a bad king.
Morphology of Long- and Short-Day Eggs of Aedes atropalpus and A. epactius (Diptera: Culicidae)

Scanning electron micrographs are used to document differences in the shape and fine structure of long-day (16:8 [L:D] h) and short-day (8:16 [L:D] h) eggs of Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett) and Aedes epactius Dyar & Knab from Illinois. Both shape and structural detail differed much more in A. atropalpus than in A. epactius. Long-day eggs of A. atropalpus were significantly longer and narrower; their outer chorionic cells on both the ventral (upper) and lateral surfaces were significantly smaller in area, with fewer small tubercles, and the detailed structure, shown in a comprehensive series of micrographs, was distinctly different than those of the short-day eggs. Dimensional differences of the whole egg were much less apparent in A. epactius; only width was significantly greater in short-day eggs. However, the ventral and lateral chorionic cells in the 2-d length groups showed the same highly significant differences in area and numbers of small tubercles as in A. atropalpus. Fine structural differences also were much less apparent in the eggs of A. epactius.
Epicardial coronary artery constriction with intravenous ethanol

Abstract Although in vitro studies have demonstrated ethanol-induced coronary artery constriction, in vivo reports suggest an ethanol-related coronary dilator effect with increases in coronary blood flow. The principal difference in these studies is the demonstration of epicardial coronary constriction with ethanol, while dilation is described only in resistance vessels. Clinical studies have noted evidence of myocardial ischemia following ethanol ingestion in patients with coronary artery disease, suggesting ethanol-related constriction of diseased epicardial coronary arteries. This study hypothesized that intravenous ethanol would constrict canine epicardial coronary arteries while producing arteriolar resistance vessel dilatation. Ten closed-chest mongrel dogs weighing 24 ± 1 kg (mean ± SEM) were given 8 g of ethanol intravenously over 30 min. Left anterior descending and circumflex proximal artery diameters were measured by quantitative coronary angiography; myocardial flow was measured by Xenon washout, and myocardial flow distribution was measured with radioactive microspheres. Baseline proximal left anterior descending and circumflex artery areas were 6.3 ± 0.5 and 5.8 ± 0.4 mm 2 , respectively. Up to 30% left anterior descending and circumflex proximal artery narrowing was noted at 60 and 90 min following ethanol infusion. The constriction was reversed with nitroglycerin. There was a decrease in left anterior descending artery flow but no change in circumflex artery flow at 60 min. Blood ethanol level varied from 520 μg/ml initially to 205 μg/ml 90 min after the infusion terminated (intoxication = 1500 μg/ml). These data suggest that ethanol has significant vasoconstrictor action in vivo on epicardial coronary arteries.
The Wind Drift and Wave Breaking

Abstract When the wind blows across the water, a highly sheared current develops which extends a few millimeters into the water and amounts, at the surface, to 3–4% of the wind speed. Banner and Phillips (1974) have pointed out that the wind drift, as this thin surface current layer is called, may he sufficiently augmented by interaction with the orbital velocity field of the wave that the maximum particle speed may exceed the phase speed and the wave breaks. If a longer gravity wave is also present, the wind drift may be further augmented and the short gravity wave may break prematurely. We have examined both the basic breaking condition and the diminution (straining) of the short gravity waves by longer waves experimentally in wave tanks. We find that actual wave breaking occurs at substantially higher winds than predicted and that the diminution is substantially less at the higher winds. The observed wind speed dependence of this diminution appears to be contrary to prediction and points to direct coup...
Effect of Sour Rot on the Composition of White Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes

Abstract Sour rot on White Riesling grapes increased oBrix, glucose to fructose ratio, titratable acidity, tartaric acid, glycerol and glu-conic acid while reducing berry weight. Sour rot did not influence pH, acetic acid, ethanol or laccase activity. Two classes of grape aroma components, potentially volatile terpenes (PVT) and free volatile ter-penes (FVT), were not influenced by sour rot. However, quantitative differences in selected free aroma compounds between 'clean' and rot-degradated fruit were observed. Rot reduced free geraniol, nerol, and linalool concentrations, while increasing trans-furan linalool oxide, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 3-methyl-1-bu-tanol.
AgNOR of human interphase cells in relation to acrocentric chromosomes.

Using simultaneous detection of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to acrocentric chromosome centromeres and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR), we investigated the number of AgNOR and involvement pattern of acrocentric chromosomes in the nucleoli in various types of human interphase cells. The number of AgNOR of normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells was 2.27 ± 1.18 and was higher than that of lymphocytes (1.08 ± 0.28) and lower than that of gastric cancer (7.76 ± 3.21). The number of acrocentric chromosome centromere signals of normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells was higher than that of normal leukocytes (P < 0.000), and lower than that of gastric cancer (P < 0.000). The acrocentric chromosome centromere signals in the lymphocytes and neutrophils were only half of that expected for diploid cells, perhaps related to acrocentric chromosome association. The proportion of acrocentric chromosomes attached to AgNOR in gastric cancer (0.88 ± 0.22) was significantly higher than that of normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells (0.72 ± 0.35, P = 0.007). In conclusion, acrocentric chromosome association appears to be present in circulating leukocytes even in interphase. The number of AgNORs and proportion of acrocentric chromosomes involved in AgNORs in human interphase cells may vary according to cell types. This could play a significant role in rDNA transcription and determination of cell phenotype, including malignant change.
A control model for detecting deadlocks in an automated machining cell

Abstract Process interactions in concurrent manufacturing systems can result in deadlocks which are difficult to detect during the controller program design stage. This paper reports on the application of a Control Model for detecting deadlocks in an Automated Machining Cell consisting of a CNC lathe and a service robot. The Control Model is generated from a list of Programmable Logic Controller events using the theory of Petri Nets. The model is tested for deadlocks that could possibly occur due to the concurrent nature of activities in the cell. The applicability of the model is demonstrated on an Automated Machining Cell installed in the Manufacturing Automation Laboratory at Rutgers University. The results show a promising perspective of Control Model applications in debugging Programmable Logic Controller programs.
Substance dependence and chronic pain: experience with treatment and follow-up results.

Abstract Fifty patients with chronic pain and substance dependence were admitted to the hospital for treatment of substance dependence. Sixteen patients left treatment prematurely and were noted to have been less flexible in seeking treatment options for relief of pain. Most patients experienced an improved sense of well-being with abstinence, but this was not reflected in pain rating scales. At 1 and 3–4 years follow-up, the group that completed treatment was more outstanding in its commitment to a course of abstinence from drugs and alcohol than the group that had not completed treatment and seemed to experience a greater improvement in overall functioning.
Ability of silica-immobilized Medicago sativa (alfalfa) to remove copper ions from solution

Abstract Preliminary screening laboratory batch experiments to determine the binding ability of seven different populations of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) showed good copper binding characteristics of the biomasses studied. All seven populations examined had similar trends for binding copper as a function of pH. The copper binding by the different alfalfa populations occurred within 5 min. All the alfalfa biomasses showed high copper binding, but the capacities varied according to the alfalfa sample studied. The pH dependence of the copper ion binding to the alfalfa biomasses suggested that it might be possible to recycle the system much like an ion-exchange resin. However, the alfalfa cells cannot be packed into a column because the cells clump together and restrict the flow. We immobilized the cells of Malone alfalfa shoots in a silica matrix. Column experiments for copper binding by the silica immobilized alfalfa demonstrated that the alfalfa tissues were capable of removing considerable amounts of copper ions under flow conditions. After every copper binding cycle most of the copper was desorbed with a few bed volumes of 0.1 M HCl. Our work indicates that the Malone-silica preparations are highly durable. We subjected the biomaterial to as many as 10 cycles of binding and elution without observing any significant decrease in copper binding capacity.
Enhanced Ia expression by alveolar macrophages following intratracheal administration of bleomycin to rats.

Bleomycin is an important anticancer drug that causes severe, and sometimes life-threatening, pulmonary toxicity. Initially, there is an acute inflammation followed by an irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Our studies have focussed on the effects of the acute pulmonary inflammation on the state of alveolar macrophage activation. To study this, we administered a single dose of 3.6 mg bleomycin/kg body weight intratracheally to rats and obtained alveolar macrophages at selected times thereafter. Ia expression was determined by fluorescent microscopy of cells labelled with a fluorochrome-tagged antibody against rat Ia molecules. We report that: 1.) alveolar macrophages have elevated Ia expression shortly after receiving intratracheally administered bleomycin; 2.) Ia expression is not limited to a specific subpopulation of alveolar macrophages; 3.) Ia expression is transient in nature returning to control levels 7–14 days after bleomycin administration; and, 4.) the degree of upregulation of Ia expression is di...
Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex

The structural dynamics of synapses probably has a crucial role in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. In the mammalian brain, the vast majority of excitatory axo-dendritic synapses occur on dendritic specializations called 'spines'. However, little is known about their long-term changes in the intact developing or adult animal. To address this question we developed a transcranial two-photon imaging technique to follow identified spines of layer-5 pyramidal neurons in the primary visual cortex of living transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein. Here we show that filopodia-like dendritic protrusions, extending and retracting over hours, are abundant in young animals but virtually absent from the adult. In young mice, within the 'critical period' for visual cortex development, approximately 73% of spines remain stable over a one-month interval; most changes are associated with spine elimination. In contrast, in adult mice, the overwhelming majority of spines (approximately 96%) remain stable over the same interval with a half-life greater than 13 months. These results indicate that spines, initially plastic during development, become remarkably stable in the adult, providing a potential structural basis for long-term information storage.
Using ICD-9 codes to establish prevalence of malformations in newborn infants.

BACKGROUND The International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) codes are used to identify, after discharge, diagnoses from a review of the medical record and provide the basis for reimbursement. These codes have been used to establish the prevalence of malformations and to assess potential teratogens. We have analyzed the accuracy of codes 740 to 759.9 to identify newborn infants with malformations. METHODSThe diagnoses and ICD-9 codes in the medical records of 1000 consecutive live-born and stillborn infants were compared to the information provided in the medical records of those infants. RESULTSOne hundred twenty-seven of the 1000 infants had ICD-9 codes between 740 and 759.9. 67 (52.8%) of the codes identified minor features, such as birth marks and minor anomalies. Twenty-three (18.1%) of the codes designated a malformation and were correct. Two types of errors were identified in another 33 infants (26%) whose codes designated a malformation: either the pediatricians' notes described a less severe finding or the fact that there was no such abnormality. In addition, four malformed infants were missed in pregnancies that were either terminated electively or stillborn, as they did not have medical records. CONCLUSIONThe ICD-9 codes 740 to 759.9 identified accurately some infants (18%) with malformations, but identified incorrectly many others. The accuracy of the coding for identifying malformations would be improved if (1) the findings of the examining pediatricians were considered; (2) normal features of prematurity, such as patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus, were not considered malformations; (3) minor physical features were not assigned ICD-9 codes within the 740 to 759.9 sequence. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of tilting on the right atrial pressure of patients with heart failure.

Abstract Right atrial pressures, supine and upright, have been measured in 27 patients, 11 of whom had congestive heart failure. Repeat observations were made in 6 of the latter, following treatment of their heart failure. There appears to be direct correlation between the height of the recumbent right atrial pressure and the total fall of this pressure when the patient is tilted to the vertical position. The factors thought to be responsible for these findings and also the possible relationship of these observations to orthopnea are discussed.
Are treble damages double damages

Abstract The antitrust laws provided for treble damages, a penalty that encourages wronged parties to bring private suit on a matter presummedly vested with a public interest. This paper demonstrates that as interpreted by the courts the treble damage penalty is only double the full welfare loss suffered by actual and potential customers if three conditions are met: 1) the commodity is produced under constant cost conditions, 2) the monopoly price is set so as to maximize profits, and 3) the demand curve is linear. The implications of relaxing these assumptions are evaluated. The analysis is illustrated with data for Wall Products Co. v. National Gypsum, 1971.
Surgical correction of post-traumatic extension contracture of the proximal joint of the finger

This paper discusses the problem of surgical correction of post-traumatic extension contracture of the proximal joint of the finger. Different causes that create the extension contracture are listed. Only patients whose injuries were caused by trauma are included in this study. Conservative treatment is outlined and the surgical technique explained. In 50 patients treated by operation, movement of the proximal interphalangeal joint is excellent in 25, fair in 15, and poor in 10.