cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk of rash to mTOR inhibitors in cancer patients – a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AbstractBackground. Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are currently approved for the treatment of several cancers, and their use is associated with serious rash, which affects patient's quality of life and leads to undesirable dose reductions or interruptions. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the overall risk of developing high-grade rash with mTOR inhibitors in cancer patients.Methods. We searched the PubMed database and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meetings up to December 2013 for relevant studies. Eligible studies included RCTs in which everolimus or temsirolimus was compared to controls in cancer patients. The summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random- or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials.Results. A total of 11 RCTs with 4752 patients (mTORs: 2725, controls: 2027) with a variety of solid tu...
Brain imaging developments based on in vivo MRS

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) known for its non-invasive and nondestructive nature, has been applied in biomedical and clinical research to assess the biochemical and metabolic information in a living brain. However, the applicability and detection sensitivity of in vivo MRS are, in general, limited by low concentrations of most cerebral metabolites of interest. The newly advanced high/ultrahigh MRI/MRS technology has substantially overcome this limitation and provided new and exciting opportunities for potential applications of in vivo MRS in brain research at high field. One particular interesting application is to measure and image the cerebral metabolic rates, ultimately, for investigating the neuroenergetics associated with brain function. Recently, significant progress has been made for developing in vivo MRS imaging (MRSI) methods for noninvasively measuring and imaging the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) and ATP (CMR ATP ) noninvasively. These new methods have been successfully applied for investigating the neuroenergetics changes associated with brain activation.
Behavioral Thresholds in Mixtures of Sand and Kaolinite Clay

AbstractNearly all soils are comprised of mixtures of coarse and fine particles. Behavior under mechanical and thermal loading of soil is strongly influenced, and in some cases governed, by the ratio of coarse to fine particles. A better understanding of the fundamental behavior of soil mixtures will provide insight to design decisions for new and emerging geotechnologies. In this work, behavioral threshold fines fractions were identified by experimental methods, where the threshold was defined as the point where changes in the coarse/fine mixture ratio result in abrupt behavior changes. Binary mixtures of sand and kaolinite clay ranging from 0 to 100% fines content were subjected to consistency and undrained shear strength testing with the fall-cone apparatus, compressibility tests using an oedometric cell, thermal conductivity tests with a thermal needle probe, and stress-strain-strength testing in undrained triaxial shear. Results indicate that behavioral thresholds exist at a critical fines content wh...
A Pyrroline Derivative of Mexiletine Offers Marked Protection against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Contractile Dysfunction

The efficacy and mechanism of protection of a new 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline derivative of mexiletine, MEX-NH, against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction are reported. The MEX-NH and its nitroxide metabolite are membrane-permeable antioxidants. Studies were performed in an isolated rat heart model to measure the efficacy of MEX-NH in preventing postischemic injury. Serial measurements of contractile function and coronary flow were performed on hearts subjected to 30 min of global 37°C ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Hearts were either untreated or treated with 25 μM MEX-NH or MEX for 1 min before ischemia. The hearts treated with MEX-NH showed marked recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (96.3 ± 2.7% of preischemic value) compared with untreated (13.7 ± 1.0%) or MEX-treated (19.9 ± 2.7%) hearts. The cardiac sarcolemmal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity showed that the enzyme activity was fully restored in hearts treated with MEX-NH compared with 65 ± 5.3% inhibition in the untreated hearts. Competitive inhibition of [ 3 H]ouabain binding revealed that the MEX-NH binds at the K + -binding site of the enzyme. The present study establishes that the compound MEX-NH provides marked protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced contractile dysfunction in isolated hearts. A combination of reversible inhibition of Na + /K + -ATPase activity during ischemia and site-targeted antioxidative effect upon reperfusion seems to contribute to this cardioprotection.
Neural nets for determination of texture and its orientation

The authors present the results of applying neural nets to the problem of determining the texture and the corresponding orientation of small regions within an image. Starting with an image composed of a patchwork of different textures with different orientations, the end result is a map of labels containing the attributes: texture and orientation. Input information for the nets is obtained according to a separate scheme where the primary preprocessing operations are an interpolation of pixel values and a computation of special differences between those values. The nets were trained using selected representative samples from all textures and orientations. >
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Bevacizumab (Avastin®) as Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

On May 5, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to bevacizumab injection (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) as a single agent for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with progressive disease following prior therapy. The approval was based on durable objective responses (independent radiologic review with stable or decreasing corticosteroid use). Two trials evaluating bevacizumab, 10 mg/kg by i.v. infusion every 2 weeks, were submitted. One trial also randomized patients to bevacizumab plus irinotecan treatment. All patients had received prior surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide. Patients with active brain hemorrhage were excluded. One trial enrolled 78 independently confirmed GBM patients. Partial responses were observed in 25.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.0%-36.1%) of the patients. The median response duration was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.0-5.7 months). The second trial enrolled 56 GBM patients. Partial responses were observed in 19.6% (95% CI, 10.9%-31.3%) of the patients. The median response duration was 3.9 months (95% CI, 2.4-17.4 months). Safety data were provided for the first study. The most frequently reported bevacizumab adverse events of any grade were infection, fatigue, headache, hypertension, epistaxis, and diarrhea. Grade 3-5 bevacizumab-related adverse events included bleeding/hemorrhage, central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage, hypertension, venous and arterial thromboembolic events, wound-healing complications, proteinuria, gastrointestinal perforation, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy. The attribution of certain adverse events (e.g., CNS hemorrhage, wound-healing complications, and thromboembolic events) to either bevacizumab, underlying disease, or both could not be determined because of the single-arm, noncomparative study design.
Pre-Pleistocene Climates: Data and Models

Six major problems in paleoclimatology are utilized to illustrate how critical observations from the pre-Pleistocene are leading focused, interdisciplinary investigations which are guiding future research: (1) the faint early sun paradox, (2) the Proterozoic “ice house”, (3) Cretaceous warmth, (4) Eocene equator-to-pole temperature gradients, (5) gateways and the Oligocene to Miocene transition to glacial climates, and (6) Milankovitch sedimentary rhythms during non-glacial climates. The research in these areas have produced a variety of advances and have fostered new areas of research including (1) consideration of atmospheric chemistry as a major regulator of the Earth’s climate, (2) illustration of critical limits to Radiative Convective Models and General Circulation Models, (3) consideration of feedbacks between temperature, continental weathering, and CO2, (4) evaluation of the mechanisms of glaciation, (5) illustration of the importance of tropical temperature history, (6) illustration of the importance of climates in continental interiors, (7) consideration of the importance of the role of the oceans in heat transport, (8) consideration of the role of barriers and gateways to ocean circulation and (9) indication of the potential of sedimentary rhythms as opportunities to investigate climate sensitivity.
The relative role of subendocardium and subepicardium in left ventricular mechanics

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences of wall thickening and fiber shortening exist between the deep and superficial layers of the left ventricular (LV) wall during systole. By use of ultrasonic crystals, wall thickness and segment-length changes were studied in seven dogs, and changes of the internal and external diameter of the LV were studied in five dogs. Radiopaque markers were used in conjunction with ventriculograms to determine the changes of the internal and external volume of the LV in five additional dogs. The subendocardial portion of the LV wall accounted for 83% of wall thickening during diastole. Segments of the subendocardium shortened 18% during systole, whereas segments of the subepicardium shortened only 10%. A 22% reduction of the internal LV diameter occurred in comparison to only a 6% reduction of the external diameter during systole. Similar observations were made in relation to LV internal and external volumes. These results indicate that the subendocardium undergoes greater dimensional changes (both thickening and shortening) during systole than does the subepicardium.
Invited Article: Progress in coherent lithography using table-top extreme ultraviolet lasers

Compact (table top) lasers emitting at wavelengths below 50 nm had expanded the spectrum of applications in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). Among them, the high-flux, highly coherent laser sources enabled lithographic approaches with distinctive characteristics. In this review, we will describe the implementation of a compact EUV lithography system capable of printing features with sub-50 nm resolution using Talbot imaging. This compact system is capable of producing consistent defect-free samples in a reliable and effective manner. Examples of different patterns and structures fabricated with this method will be presented.
Relationship between propagation of Clonorchis sinensis and ecology cultivation

Objective To study relationship between the tansmission route and epidemiological extent of Clonochis sinensis(C.sinensis) and building toilet on the fishpond in Shenzhen area.Methods Blood samples were collected and detected antibody to C.sinensis with ELISA,and stool specimens from sera positives were examined by modified Kato-Katz thick smear to confirm infection density,and infection of intermediate host of C.sinensis by PCR and morphology examination microscope.Two villages were selected carrying out the experiment,and integrated control measures including modification of toilets on the fishpond and conducting health education,and another village act as control.The results of analyzed two years after trial.Results Infection rate of the first intermediate host of snail was 0.7%(7/1000),and that of the second intermediate host fresh water fish was 6.67%(8/120),The new infection rate of residents in the experimenal and control villages were 2.4%(6/250) and 5%(/21/423).In the control village the infection rates of snails and fresh water fish were1.6%(16/1000) and 14.1%(17/120).Conclusion Integrated control measures can effectively reduce the infection rates of C.sinensis in the first and second intermediate hosts.
A 3D immersed finite element method with non-homogeneous interface flux jump for applications in particle-in-cell simulations of plasma-lunar surface interactions

Motivated by the need to handle complex boundary conditions efficiently and accurately in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, this paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) linear immersed finite element (IFE) method with non-homogeneous flux jump conditions for solving electrostatic field involving complex boundary conditions using structured meshes independent of the interface. This method treats an object boundary as part of the simulation domain and solves the electric field at the boundary as an interface problem. In order to resolve charging on a dielectric surface, a new 3D linear IFE basis function is designed for each interface element to capture the electric field jump on the interface. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the optimal convergence rates in L 2 and H 1 norms of the IFE solution. This new IFE method is integrated into a PIC method for simulations involving charging of a complex dielectric surface in a plasma. A numerical study of plasma-surface interactions at the lunar terminator is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the new method.
Imaging techniques for infections in the surgical patient

CT, ultrasound, and radionuclide scans are complementary for diagnosing infection. CT and ultrasound provide anatomic information to guide needle aspiration, which can provide specific bacteriology. Gallium-67 and Indium-111 labeled leukocytes provide physiologic information that localizes sites of inflammation or infection. Advantages, disadvantages, and practical technical aspects are emphasized.
Bifurcations of relative periodic orbits in NLS/GP with a triple-well potential

Abstract The nonlinear Schrodinger/Gross–Pitaevskii (NLS/GP) equation is considered in the presence of three equally-spaced potentials. The problem is reduced to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system by a Galerkin truncation. Families of oscillatory orbits are sought in the neighborhoods of the system’s nine branches of standing wave solutions. Normal forms are computed in the neighborhood of these branches’ various Hamiltonian Hopf and saddle–node bifurcations, showing how the oscillatory orbits change as a parameter is increased. Numerical experiments show agreement between normal form theory and numerical solutions to the reduced system and NLS/GP near the Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcations and some subtle disagreements near the saddle–node bifurcations due to exponentially small terms in the asymptotics.
High quality agreement-based semi-supervised training data for acoustic modeling

This paper describes a new technique to automatically obtain large high-quality training speech corpora for acoustic modeling. Traditional approaches select utterances based on confidence thresholds and other heuristics. We propose instead to use an ensemble approach: we transcribe each utterance using several recognizers, and only keep those on which they agree. The recognizers we use are trained on data from different dialects of the same language, and this diversity leads them to make different mistakes in transcribing speech utterances. In this work we show, however, that when they agree, this is an extremely strong signal that the transcript is correct. This allows us to produce automatically transcribed speech corpora that are superior in transcript correctness even to those manually transcribed by humans. Furthermore, we show that using the produced semi-supervised data sets, we can train new acoustic models which outperform those trained solely on previously available data sets.
Inpatient cost analysis for treatment of myasthenia gravis

Introduction We explore trends in U.S. inpatient costs of care over a 10-year period. Methods We compare myasthenia gravis (MG) with multiple sclerosis (MS) and overall U.S. hospital admissions using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for 2003–2013. Results Total costs of MG inpatient care rose 13-fold from 2003 to 2013. This was accounted for by a greater than sixfold increase in discharges and a greater than twofold increase in cost per discharge. The 85 years age groups experienced the greatest increases in discharges. Medicare and Medicaid use increased. Regional variations in cost were apparent. There were greater rises in the Midwestern and Southern United States, which is dissimilar to MS and all hospital admissions. Discussion There was a dramatic and disproportionate rise in the number of MG discharges, most likely because of changes in practice patterns. Muscle Nerve 56: 1114–1118, 2017
Rotavirus Vaccines - A New Hope.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of diarrhea-associated hospitalization and death in children younger than 5 years of age,1 with more than 85% of the approximately 200,000 annual rotavirus deaths occurring in Africa and Asia.2 Since improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene do not prevent rotavirus transmission, as they do with the spread of bacterial enteropathogens, the implementation of a rotavirus vaccine is essential to prevent death and complications from childhood diarrhea. Two rotavirus vaccines — Rotarix (an attenuated G1P8 rotavirus manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline) and RotaTeq (containing five human–bovine reassortant rotaviruses, manufactured by Merck), attained prequalification by the World Health . . .
Effects of resistance-guided high intensity interval functional electrical stimulation cycling on an individual with paraplegia: A case report.

Background and Purpose: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are more than twice as likely to develop and die from cardio-metabolic diseases as compared to able-bodied. This increased risk is ...
Surgical Management of Subperiosteal Abscess

Orbital cellulitis is an acute infectious inflammation of the post-septal orbital tissues that can be complicated by the development of a subperiosteal abscess. Prompt evaluation and urgent management are often critical to preventing vision and life-threatening sequelae. Specific clinical and radiographic criteria can be useful in the decision to undergo surgery. Depending on the size and location of the abscess, a variety of surgical approaches to the orbit are available. With proper diagnosis, good antibiotic therapy, and prompt surgical abscess evacuation when indicated, patients with orbital abscesses have an excellent prognosis.
Hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of cardiac surgery-associated vasoplegia: a case series

Vasoplegia is a clinical syndrome marked by severe arteriolar vasodilatation, hypotension, and low systemic vascular resistance refractory to multiple vasopressor treatment. We report our experience with hydroxocobalamin (B12) infusion as a potential rescue adjunct for refractory vasoplegia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We performed a retrospective chart review of 33 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015, who were given intravenous B12 for refractory hypotension during, or immediately following, CPB. We assessed mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses using semi-parametric group-based models (trajectory analysis). Vasopressor use was evaluated by norepinephrine-equivalent rates calculated five minutes prior, and up to 60 min following, B12 administration. Patients were mostly male (82%), had a mean (SD) age of 53 (13) yr, and median (IQR) EuroSCORE mortality index of 9 [4-40]. Four patterns of MAP responses to B12 were identified. In Group 1 (“poor responders”) nine of 33 patients (27%) had the highest median [IQR] mortality risk (EuroSCORE 40 [4-52]), lowest mean pre-B12 MAP (50 mmHg), and minimal hemodynamic response in spite of continued vasopressor support. In contrast, Group 2 “responders” (8/33, 24%) showed a brisk MAP response (> 15 mmHg) to B12, sustained for > 60 min post-infusion, with 50% vasopressor reduction. Groups 3 and 4 had the lowest median mortality risk (EuroSCORE 8) and highest pre-B12 MAP (72 mmHg). Although Group 3 patients (“sustainers”; 9/33, 27%) showed a sustained MAP improvement, those in Group 4 (“rebounders”; 7/33, 21%) were characterized by hypertensive overshoot followed by a decrease in MAP. These data indicate considerable heterogeneity in patient response to B12, potentially dependent on both patient preoperative condition and non-standardized time of administration. B12 may provide a useful alternative therapy for refractory hypotension and vasoplegia, but controlled clinical trials to assess efficacy are needed.
Monitoring CO2 Fixation Using GC−MS Detection of a 13C-Label

Much of our understanding of metabolic pathways has resulted from the use of chemical and isotopic labels. In this experiment, a heavy isotope of carbon, 13C, is used to label the product of the well-known RuBisCO enzymatic reaction. This is a key reaction in photosynthesis that converts inorganic carbon to organic carbon; a process called carbon fixation. The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, RuBisCO, catalyzes the addition of CO2 (as bicarbonate) to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate to form two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules. The laboratory consists of six steps: (i) enzymatically synthesize 3-phosphoglycerate with and without the 13C-label using the RuBisCO reaction, (ii) dephosphorylate the 3-phosphoglycerate using the alkaline phosphatase enzyme reaction, (iii) “clean-up” the product using solid-phase extraction, (iv) silylate the glycerate to allow separation via gas chromatography, (v) run gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis of the product, and (vi) analyze the data. We typically allow two laboratory periods for this experiment and students work in pairs. This laboratory project exposes students to a number of important concepts and techniques including isotopic labeling, solid-phase extraction, silylation, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and the interpretation of mass spectra.
Students in Faith-Based Doctoral Psychology Programs: Religious/Spiritual Struggles Moderate the Effect of Distress from Clinical Work on Negative Affect

Objective: The present study assessed 96 doctoral psychology students at APA-accredited faith-based institutions to further understand the relationships between distress from clinical work, religio...
The role of care coordination and out‐of‐home placement in youth dental and vision care visits

Care coordination has been proposed as an approach to promote access to services for youth with complex health and mental health needs. Youth with behavioral health needs are at increased risk of out‐of‐home placement, an experience which may also impact service utilization. Using a sample of administrative and public health insurance record data for youth with mental health needs, we assessed the relationships between care coordination and out‐of‐home placement on service utilization of dental and vision care. Findings suggest that placement is significantly associated with increased likelihood of accessing dental and vision care. The onset of care coordination is associated with a small but significant increase in vision care use. Regulatory and policy directives for out‐of‐home care providers in the USA may be facilitating access to dental and vision care services for youth in placement. Key Practitioner Message: • Youth in placement were more likely to have dental and vision care visits; • Onset of care coordination was not associated with increased dental and vision care.
Efficient may happen in parallel analysis for async-finish parallelism

For concurrent and parallel languages, the may-happen-in-parallel (MHP) decision problem asks, given two actions in the program, if there is an execution in which they can execute in parallel. Closely related, the MHP computation problem asks, given a program, which pairs of statements may happen in parallel. MHP analysis is the basis for many program analysis problems, such as data race detection and determinism checking, and researchers have devised MHP analyses for a variety of programming models. We present algorithms for static MHP analysis of a storeless abstraction of X10-like languages that have async-finish parallelism and procedures. For a program of size n, our first algorithm solves the MHP decision problem in O(n) time, via a reduction to constrained dynamic pushdown networks (CDPNs). Our second algorithm solves the MHP computation problem in O(n · max (n, k)) time, where k is a statically determined upper bound on the number of pairs that may happen in parallel. The second algorithm first runs a type-based analysis that produces a set of candidate pairs, and then it runs the decision procedure on each of those pairs. For programs without recursion, the type-based analysis is exact and gives an output-sensitive algorithm for the MHP computation problem, while for recursive programs, the type-based analysis may produce spurious pairs that the decision procedure will then remove. Our experiments on a large suite of X10 benchmarks suggest that our approach scales well. Our experiments also show that while k is O(n2) in the worst case, k is often O(n) in practice.
Examining the causes of rarity for the Odonata of Illinois

Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) play an important role in habitat management and conservation, but our understanding of the causes of commonness versus rarity in this group is limited. In this study we examined the causes of rarity for the Odonata of Illinois. Using S-ratings for conservation status and published habitat classifications for Illinois odonates, we investigated whether habitat type (lotic versus lentic) or habitat specificity (whether they were limited to a specific type of aquatic habitat) was related to commonness. We found that lotic species and habitat specialists were more likely to be rare than lentic and generalist species. More information, however, is needed on the distributions and natural histories of Illinois odonates if we are to more fully understand the causes of rarity in this important group.
Monitoring large-scale power distribution grids

Abstract Power grids are distributed over vast geographical areas and have sophisticated multilayered architecture. The structure of the grid distribution layer is often poorly documented and sometimes unknown, presenting additional challenges to the development of systems for automated monitoring of power delivery to consumers. The proposed system performs the simultaneous functions of estimating the power grid topology (map) and monitoring of the grid operation. The core of the system is the distributed network of sensors installed at the branching points of electrical conductors. The sensors periodically measure the RMS current in the conductor, and the phase shift between current and voltage. Localization and time synchronization of sensors are performed using GPS modules. The sensors communicate over the powerline conductor. Transformers block communication signals, separating the network into clusters. The maps of the grid segments are reconstructed for each network cluster and then combined into the full grid map. The map is used for real-time monitoring of inconsistencies in the grid behavior to detect conductor breakage, powerline overload and possibly electricity theft. The autonomous sensors are inductively powered; auxiliary solar cells are installed as backup power source.
History of Diagnoses and Treatment Strategies in Pediatric Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

The history of diagnoses and treatment of pediatric non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) does not only shed light on the progression of cancer medicine but also on the development of modern medicine as such. It was only as late as in the nineteenth century that the term “lymphoma” was coined and used as an anatomic description. And only in the twentieth century did several diagnostic systems, in part simultaneously, evolve. Yet, as different aspects like anatomy, microscopy, and clinical behavior were taken into account, the comparison of entities of different groups was impossible. Only the advent of new methods, such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques, finally allowed researchers and physicians to characterize the biology of lymphomas. An excellent example for this progress is the history of characterization of pediatric Burkitt’s lymphoma. Separating anaplastic large cell lymphomas from morphologically similar-appearing histiocytic or epithelial cancers was first enabled by immunophenotyping followed by genetic characterization. The development of successful treatment regimens for lymphoblastic lymphomas paralleled those for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In contrast, for mature B-NHLs, the more condensed repeated block style treatment developed initially for Hodgkin’s disease showed better results than the ALL-directed more protracted continuous treatment. In 1999, an international cooperation created a common treatment protocol for anaplastic large cell lymphomas based on block therapy. For primary mediastinal B-NHLs, a chemotherapeutic dose escalation concept together with an anti-CD20 antibody treatment was successfully adopted based on treatment regimens for adults. Altogether, the history of pediatric NHLs is an excellent example of how clinical and laboratory research are mutually stimulating fields, hopefully leading to better tolerated treatments and increasingly higher cure rates by implementing novel immunotherapies and specific inhibitors of tumor-related molecular alterations.
Feasibility Study for Manufacturing CF/Epoxy – Thermoplastic Hybrid Structures in a Single Operation

Abstract CF/Epoxy sheet with injected thermoplastic is a hybrid structure that combines high mechanical properties of thermoset composite with the toughness and complex geometries of injected thermoplastic into a single component. To overcome the high cycle time and production cost associated with the manufacturing of such hybrids, the authors undertook a feasibility study for developing an integrated technology for the manufacturing of thermoset CF/Epoxy prepreg sheet and injected thermoplastic polypropylene. First, several demonstrator parts were manufactured to elucidate the effect of the process parameters on the process performance and the appearance of the final hybrid component. Then, to have a better understanding about the curing condition of prepreg sheet during this hybrid process, a set of numerical simulation was conducted to study the relationship between the initial preset machine parameters (i.e., holding time, injection speed rate,) on the temperature distribution and history of the prepreg sheet. The results show that the proposed technology is capable of manufacturing hybrid components in a single operation under different process and design conditions.
Recombinant activated factor seven in pediatric cardiac surgery-does thrombotic risk outweigh hemostatic benefit?

Therapies employed to attenuate perioperative bleeding following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children include antifibrinolytic therapy, allogenic blood product transfusion, and recombinant factor concentrates. Recombinant activated factor seven (rFVIIa) (Novoseven RT, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark) is a factor concentrate with federal drug administration (FDA) approval for treatment of bleeding in Hemophilia A and B with inhibitors, Congenital Factor Seven deficiency, and Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia. Off label rFVIIa is frequently administered as rescue therapy for recalcitrant perioperative bleeding post-CPB and has been linked to decreased transfusion requirements, chest tube output, and need for surgical re-exploration (1-3). However, concerns remain regarding the safety of rFVIIa in this setting, specifically related the development of thrombotic complications (4).
Synthesis and resistivity of topological metal MoP nanostructures

Due to the increased surface to volume ratios, topological nanomaterials can enhance contributions from the topological surface states in transport measurements, which is critical for device applications that exploit the topological properties. It is particularly important for topological semimetals in which bulk carriers are unavoidable to make them into nanostructures to reveal the nature of the topological surface states, such as the Fermi arcs or nodal lines. Here, we report the nanostructure synthesis of the recently discovered triple-point topological metal MoP by direct conversion of MoO3 nanostructures and study their transport properties. We observe that the initial size of the MoO3 templates critically determines the crystalline quality of the resulting MoP nanostructures: large MoO3 flakes lead to porous MoP flakes, while narrow MoO3 nanowires lead to MoP nanowires without pores. The size-dependent porosity observed in MoP nanostructures is attributed to the volume change during the conversion reaction and nanoscale confinement effects. For MoO3 nanowires with diameters less than 10 nm, the resulting MoP nanowires are single crystalline. The resistivity values of MoP nanostructures are higher than the reported values of MoP bulk crystals owing to the porous nature. However, despite the high porosity present in MoP flakes, the residual resistance ratio is ∼2 and the temperature-dependent resistivity curves do not show any strong surface or grain-boundary scattering. Demonstration of the facile synthesis of MoP nanostructures provides opportunities for careful investigations of the surface states in transport measurements and exploration of future electronic devices, including nanoscale interconnects.Due to the increased surface to volume ratios, topological nanomaterials can enhance contributions from the topological surface states in transport measurements, which is critical for device applications that exploit the topological properties. It is particularly important for topological semimetals in which bulk carriers are unavoidable to make them into nanostructures to reveal the nature of the topological surface states, such as the Fermi arcs or nodal lines. Here, we report the nanostructure synthesis of the recently discovered triple-point topological metal MoP by direct conversion of MoO3 nanostructures and study their transport properties. We observe that the initial size of the MoO3 templates critically determines the crystalline quality of the resulting MoP nanostructures: large MoO3 flakes lead to porous MoP flakes, while narrow MoO3 nanowires lead to MoP nanowires without pores. The size-dependent porosity observed in MoP nanostructures is attributed to the volume change during the conversion ...
Regulation of gene expression during the fasting–feeding cycle of the liver displays mouse strain specificity

The liver maintains metabolic homeostasis by integrating the regulation of nutrient status with both hormonal and neural signals. Many studies on hepatic signaling in response to nutrients have been conducted in mice. However, no in-depth study is currently available that has investigated genome-wide changes in gene expression during the normal physiological fasting-feeding cycle in nutrient-sensitive and -insensitive mice. Using two strains of mice, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and deploying deep RNA-Seq complemented with quantitative RT-PCR, we found that feeding causes substantial and transient changes in gene expression in the livers of both mouse strains. The majority of significantly changed transcripts fell within the areas of biological regulation and cellular and metabolic processes. Among the metabolisms of three major types of macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids), feeding affected lipid metabolism the most. We also noted that the C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice significantly differed in gene expression and in changes in gene expression in response to feeding. In both fasted and fed states, both mouse strains shared common expression patterns for about 10,200 genes, and an additional 400–600 genes were differentially regulated in one strain but not the other. Among the shared genes, more lipogenic genes were induced upon feeding in BABL/cJ than in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, in the population of differentially enriched genes, C57BL/6J mice expressed more genes involved in lipid metabolism than BALB/cJ mice. In summary, these results reveal that the two mouse strains used here exhibit several differences in feeding-induced hepatic responses in gene expression, especially in lipogenic genes.
Optical Vortex Scattering in Composite Bessels

We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the scattering of optical vortices in a laser beam by superposing Bessel modes. Such processes are mediated by the ephemeral generation and annihilation of vortex pairs.
DeepTracer for fast de novo cryo-EM protein structure modeling and special studies on CoV-related complexes.

Information about macromolecular structure of protein complexes and related cellular and molecular mechanisms can assist the search for vaccines and drug development processes. To obtain such structural information, we present DeepTracer, a fully automated deep learning-based method for fast de novo multichain protein complex structure determination from high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps. We applied DeepTracer on a previously published set of 476 raw experimental cryo-EM maps and compared the results with a current state of the art method. The residue coverage increased by over 30% using DeepTracer, and the rmsd value improved from 1.29 A to 1.18 A. Additionally, we applied DeepTracer on a set of 62 coronavirus-related cryo-EM maps, among them 10 with no deposited structure available in EMDataResource. We observed an average residue match of 84% with the deposited structures and an average rmsd of 0.93 A. Additional tests with related methods further exemplify DeepTracer's competitive accuracy and efficiency of structure modeling. DeepTracer allows for exceptionally fast computations, making it possible to trace around 60,000 residues in 350 chains within only 2 h. The web service is globally accessible at https://deeptracer.uw.edu.
Predicting Mission Alignment and Preventing Mission Drift: How Revenue Sources Matter?

Activities of nonprofit organizations do not always align with their missions, a managerial problem termed as “mission drift.” Mission drift is difficult to operationalize and quantify thus, as a critical issue, only a few conceptual pieces or empirical case studies explored this topic. This paper develops innovative measures to operationalize “mission alignment” using data science methodology and examines how different revenue sources influence the mission alignment of Chinese foundations. Specifically, four measures of mission alignment are devised based on the cosine similarity of text between mission statement and program description (i.e., the sum cosine similarity, average cosine similarity, weighted sum cosine similarity, and weighted average cosine similarity). The text analysis of programs indicates that the majority of the foundations’ projects have educational purposes and for-profit businesses play a significant role in foundations’ projects and funding. The regression analysis shows that personal donation and service revenue can increase mission alignment while organizational donation and membership dues decrease mission alignment. The results suggest validity of the mission alignment measures.
The Disease and the Hero: Representations of Belgrano’s and Bolívar’s Hidden and Public Syphilis

This essay explores discourses of disease, specifically syphilis, linked to two defining figures of Latin American independence: Manuel Belgrano and Simon Bolivar. It examines the construction of discursive myths and their relation to political and societal shifts; the manner in which different representations of the disease serve as tools of mythification in the pursuit of cohesion-seeking narratives for their countries; and how mythification is continuously reshaped and at a constant risk of failure, particularly when the understanding of these diseases is adjusted as a result of scientific changes. It concludes by showing how the tension between extolment and debasement in terms of this venereal disease ultimately results in a further rooted mythical understanding of the two independence heroes.
Pharmacology of Agents Used in Periodontics

Summary Pharmacologic agents hold great potential for the future in the prevention and control of periodontal disease. As scientific studies continue to explain the complex origins of periodontal disease, anti-infective agents will play an increasing role in treatment of one of the most common infections known to humans.
Parenting Styles, Academic Demands and Children’s Psychosocial Well-being: Why Today’s Hong Kong Chinese Students Are So Stressed

In Hong Kong, suicides and other experiences of psychosocial challenges among youths have become increasing social concerns. Existing literature suggests that authoritarian parenting practices, including the high degree of parental strictness and lower provision of autonomy for school-aged children, worsen the psychosocial well-being among children.1,2 Hong Kong parents emphasize the importance of traditional Confucian values, which notably necessitate children’s academic excellence, as well as conformity with parental expectations and control. This article evaluates existing studies and examines the relationships between authoritarian parenting practices and children’s psychosocial well-being. This article also addresses autonomy-granting parenting approaches, an emerging parenting style in Hong Kong, as an alternative parenting approach, and studies the relationships between such approaches and children’s psychosocial development. The present article suggests measures, in accordance with evaluated findings, for adjusting parental practices within Hong Kong Chinese families for the purpose of improving children’s psychosocial well-being.
Uneven increases in racial diversity of US geoscience undergraduates

Over the past 20 years, the proportion of US geoscience undergraduate degree recipients from marginalized racial groups has increased about threefold, more than for graduate degrees. Much of this progress currently is concentrated at relatively few universities.
Impact of 5-Minute Preceptor Training on the Senior Nursing Student Perception of Clinical Preceptor Feedback Effectiveness

Feedback is a tool that is often not utilized effectively. Clinical preceptors, when utilized, are the primary oversight for nursing students and should be able to provide feedback that is constructive and timely. Clinical preceptor feedback directly impacts the nurse generalists’ transition to practice which can increase competency levels by providing timely and quality feedback (Phillips, Mathew, Aktan, & Catano, 2017; Duteau, 2012). The purpose of this study was to determine if training clinical preceptors in the 5-Minute Preceptor method providing feedback to senior nursing students had an impact on the clinical teaching effectiveness. The research design was a comparative, two-group study with quantitative analysis, which utilized retrospective data from an undergraduate diploma program in the Southern United States. Senior nursing students in the final clinical immersion program from September 2018 to February 2020 were used as a convenience sample with a total of N=164 included in this study (n=100 before group, n=64 after group). Mann-Whitney U was used to analyze the data with a p< .05. Direct statements relating to feedback did not show significant correlations; however, the overall teaching statements showed significant findings on the Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Inventory (CTEI). Training clinical preceptors in how and when to provide feedback has an impact on the overall teaching effectiveness, which could have a direct impact on the graduate nurse’s transition to practice by offering feedback in relation to decision making and critical thinking abilities.
Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among racial/ethnic older adults in primary care

Population projections predict that the number of older adults with mental illness will climb in the next 20 years. It is estimated that by 2030, 1 in 5 older adults – over 15 million persons – will have a mood, anxiety, or psychiatric disorder.1,2 Despite this demographic trend, the stigma of having a mental illness appears to be getting worse, not better.3 In particular older adults are more likely than younger adults to experience mental illness as stigmatizing, presenting an important barrier to accessing care.4,5 Older adult mental health consumers from racial/ethnic minorities have reported experiencing a “triple stigma” consisting of being old, mentally ill, and from an ethnic minority.5 However, little is known about racial/ethnic differences in stigma associated with mental illness among older adults. Since attitudes have shown to be a critical determinant of actual help-seeking behaviors,6,7 research on stigmatizing attitudes may provide valuable information concerning how to design and implement effective interventions to reduce disparities in mental health care. Most of the previous research regarding racial/ethnic minority adults’ attitudes towards mental illness has focused on young adults with no history of mental illness, and the results have been inconsistent. Some studies suggest that African-Americans, Latinos and Asian-Americans tend to hold more stigmatizing perceptions of mentally ill individuals than non-Latino Whites.8–11 Other studies have found no differences or more positive attitudes.8,12–15 Ethnic/racial group sampling differences (i.e., foreign versus U.S. born, college students vs. U.S. population) may account for these inconsistencies. Recent work by Conner et al.16 has sought to compare stigmatizing attitudes held by older African-Americans with depression with those of depressed non-Latino White older adults. In this study, the authors found that older African-Americans were more likely to experience stigma about mental illness than their White counterparts.16 To our knowledge, no similar studies have been conducted that include older mentally ill Asians or older mentally ill Latinos. The purpose of this study is to compare stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness among non-Latino Whites, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Latinos who are seeking treatment for a mental illness.
Qualitative Investigation of Student Reflections on a Spiritual/Religious Diversity Experience

Twenty-six master's-level counselor education students participated in a spiritual and religious diversity assignment, which involved participation in a spiritual or religious activity for 5 weeks. Participants then discussed these experiences in reflection papers. After analysis of the student papers, the authors identified the following themes: (a) discomfort related to the experience, (b) initial assumptions regarding spirituality and religion, (c) movement toward appreciation of spiritual and religious diversity, (d) increases in self-understanding, (e) the value of experiential learning, and (f) motivation for additional learning. The authors provide suggestions for counselor training on spirituality and religion.
Thin Position in the Theory of Classical Knots

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role that the notion of “thin position” has played in the theory of classical knots and to the understanding of knotted graphs in 3-space. The extension of thin position to graphs, beyond being of interest in its own right, also is shown to have applications in knot theory. The first knot invariant that is suggested by knot projection is the crossing number of the knot. There is another invariant, much like the crossing number and only slightly more difficult to describe, that is in fact remarkably well behaved under knot sum. The chapter presents a simple exercise that illustrates how thin position interacts with geometric properties of a knot, in particular with an essential surface in the knot complement. Trivalent graphs; presumably more general graphs, can be treated similarly but so far there seems to be no notable application to higher valence graphs. Surfaces that lie in a knot complement have the pleasant feature that boundary components are either horizontal or the height function on the boundary circles roughly follow that of the knot or the height function on.