cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Imaging of Glucose Uptake in Live Cells and Tissues by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Glucose is consumed as an energy source by virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Its uptake activity closely reflects the cellular metabolic status in various pathophysiological transformations, such as diabetes and cancer. Extensive efforts such as positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence microscopy have been made to specifically image glucose uptake activity but all with technical limitations. Here, we report a new platform to visualize glucose uptake activity in live cells and tissues with subcellular resolution and minimal perturbation. A novel glucose analogue with a small alkyne tag (carbon-carbon triple bond) is developed to mimic natural glucose for cellular uptake, which can be imaged with high sensitivity and specificity by targeting the strong and characteristic alkyne vibration on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope to generate a quantitative three dimensional concentration map. Cancer cells with differing metabolic characteristics can be distinguished. Heterogeneous uptake patterns are observed in tumor xenograft tissues, neuronal culture and mouse brain tissues with clear cell-cell variations. Therefore, by offering the distinct advantage of optical resolution but without the undesirable influence of bulky fluorophores, our method of coupling SRS with alkyne labeled glucose will be an attractive tool to study energy demands of living systems at the single cell level.
Influence of Inoculums/Substrate Ratios (ISRs) on the Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Waste in Batch Mode: Process Stability and Biogas Production

Abstract Batch digestion experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inoculums/substrate ratio of three different ratios (ISRs) 0.3, 0.5 and 1. The substrate chosen in this study was slaughterhouse waste from Adrar city (south west of Algeria). The inoculation was made by sludge issued from wastewater treatment plant. During this study, several parameters of anaerobic digestion were measured, such as pH, VFA, AT and volume of the produced biogas. pH variation and VFA/TA values have shown high stability of anaerobic digestion process.
A major rearrangement of the VP6 gene of a strain of rotavirus provides replication advantage.

During coinfection of BSC-1 cells with bovine rotavirus B223 and human rotavirus 69M and subsequent serial passages at low multiplicity of infection (0.1 m.o.i.), a reassortant virus (BMR) with a rearranged VP6 gene became the predominant strain. At passage 24 virus extracted from 50 of 51 plaques (98%) contained the rearranged gene 6, which had been first observed in passage 19. The analyses of the clones obtained from passages before the appearance of the rearranged VP6 gene (passage 15) and after (passage 20) indicated that the B223 VP6 gene was the origin of the rearranged VP6 gene. To test whether the rearranged VP6 gene was responsible for the selection advantage observed, reassortant C11 was generated with BMR and WA rotavirus, containing the rearranged VP6 gene and the other 10 genes from WA. Coinfection of WA rotavirus and reassortant C11 and subsequent serial passages at low m.o.i. resulted in 100% of virus from clones extracted at passage 18 being identical to reassortant C11; demonstrating that the rearranged VP6 gene was once again selected over the normal VP6 gene. The selection advantage of the rearranged VP6 gene could not be explained by comparison of the growth curves of the viruses, as there was no significant difference between the growth cycles of rotavirus B223 and reassortant BMR, nor between rotavirus Wa and reassortant C11. However, the plaque and electropherotype analysis at passage 1 of Wa and C11 coinfection revealed that 85% of the progeny viruses contained the rearranged gene 6. These data show that the gene 6 rearrangement resulted in selection of the relevant reassortant, possibly by suppression of competitive strains, and may indicate a new mechanism for the evolution of rotavirus.
Type and amount of prenatal stimulation alters perceptual responsiveness in bobwhite quail chicks

To explore the relationship between the type and amount of sensory stimulation provided prenatally and its impact on postnatal responsiveness to maternal cues, bobwhite quail embryos were exposed to 5 or 10 min/hour of either bobwhite chick contentment calls or bobwhite chick distress calls. Results revealed that embryos exposed to 5 or 10 min/hour of distress calls continued to respond to maternal auditory cues into later stages of postnatal development in comparison to controls and failed to demonstrate species-typical responsiveness to maternal visual cues. In contrast, embryos exposed to 5 min/hour of contentment calls continued to respond to maternal auditory cues into later stages of development and exhibited species-typical patterns of visual responsiveness (72 hour of age). Embryos exposed to 10 min/hour of contentment calls responded to maternal auditory cues into later stages of postnatal development but showed an accelerated responsiveness to maternal visual cues (48 hours of age). Taken together, these results suggest that the type and amount of sensory stimulation interact during the prenatal period to influence the course of perceptual development.
Judgments of similarity and spatial models

Ss judged the similarity between all pairs of stimulus objects under 3 conditions: when the objects were (a) Munsell 5R color patches varying in value and chroma; (b) parallelorams varying in size and tilt; and (c) circles-with-radius varying in diameter and angle of radius. For each set of judgments, the pattern of deviations from the Euclidean model was used to diagnose the most appropriate spatial model. The results confirm previous findings that the Euclidean space is appropriate for judgments of color patches, but that the city block space is appropriate for judgments of geometrie forms which vary on perceptually distinct dimensions.
Highly diffusion-sensitized MRI of brain: dissociation of gray and white matter.

The brains of six healthy volunteers were scanned with a full tensor diffusion MRI technique to study the effect of a high b value on diffusion-weighted images (DWIs). The b values ranged from 500 to 5000 s/mm2. Isotropic DWIs, trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created for each b value. As the b value increased, ADC decreased in both the gray and white matter. Furthermore, ADC of the white matter became lower than that of the gray matter, and, as a result, the white matter became brighter than the gray matter in the isotropic DWIs. Quantitative analysis showed that these changes were due to nonmonoexponential diffusion signal decay of the brain tissue, which was more prominent in white matter than in gray matter. There was no significant change in relation to the b value in the FA maps. High b value appears to have a dissociating effect on gray and white matter in DWIs. Magn Reson Med 45:734–740, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A 22 nm 15-Core Enterprise Xeon® Processor Family

This paper describes a 4.3B transistors, 15-cores, 30-threads enterprise Xeon® processor with a 37.5 MB shared L3 cache implemented in a 22 nm 9M Hi-K metal gate tri-gate process. A modular floorplan methodology enables easy chops to 10 and 6 cores. Multiple clock and voltage domains are used to reduce power consumption. The clock distribution uses a single PLL per column to save power and minimize deskew crossing points. Integrated PCIe Gen3 and Quick Path Interconnect® (QPI) ports operate at 8GT/s. The 4-channel memory interface supports both 1866 MT/s DDR3 and a new memory buffer interface running at 2667 MT/s on the same pins. The core, cache and I/O recovery techniques improve manufacturing yields and enable multiple product flavors from the same silicon die.
Factors Related to Impaired Mental Health in Urban Elderly

Associations between self-rated, scale, and interviewer-rated measures of mental health status and a set of demographic and functional abilities variables were studied. Data on these variables were obtained from an administration of the OARS to 1139 elderly in an urban community. Findings common to at least two of the three mental health measures were that physical health showed a strong association with mental health, inability to engage in activities of daily living was associated with poorer mental health even after controlling for physical health, married men showed better mental health than those not married, social resources were strongly associated with mental health for women but less so for men, and economic resources showed a consistent association with mental health. Different models for the three measures of mental health help to explain the inconsistent associations found in previous studies.
Global Prevention of HIV Infection for Neglected Populations: Men Who Have Sex with Men

The global epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests both reemergent spread among men in resource-sufficient countries since 2000 and emerging epidemics among MSM in resource-limited countries. Both epidemic contexts are evidence of the current limits of prevention of HIV infection in MSM. A range of evidence-based preventive interventions exist, but few new interventions have shown efficacy among MSM. Circumcision has not been investigated for MSM. New interventions are needed. Trials of preexposure prophylaxis are pending and may markedly alter the prevention landscape. For MSM in developing countries, basic services for prevention of HIV infection have yet to reach the large majority of men. Homophobia and discrimination limit access of MSM to prevention services and markedly increase vulnerability, as does criminalization of same-sex behavior. Decriminalization of same-sex behavior is a structural intervention for prevention of HIV infection and has recently been embraced by a nonbinding statement from the United Nations. In the third decade of the human immunodeficiency
Recurrent urinary tract infections in men: an assessment of contemporary treatment

A prospective study was performed on 30 men with asymptomatic, recurrent urinary tract infections in order to assess contemporary treatment of this disease. Patients had to have significant bacteriuria with a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was susceptible in vitro to the antimicrobial agent prescribed, and a urinary sediment that demonstrated a positive antibody-coated bacteria immunofluorescence test of at least 2+ intensity. All patients were subjected to excretory urograms. Therapeutic response was appraised in accordance with previously issued FDA protocol guidelines. Colonial morphology, biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping of the E coli isolates and pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the methods used to differentiate bacterial relapse, a measure of drug ineptitude, from reinfection, a measure of inadequate host defenses. Sterility of the urine for a minimum of six weeks after therapy developed in only 29% of the patients who could complete the two-week course of therapy. Bacterial relapse, the prevalent form of recurrence, could not be explained by the isolation of cell wall-defective bacteria, rapid emergence of resistant mutants or inadequately treated chronic bacterial prostatitis. The customary practice of prescribing a two-week course of therapy to men with recurrent, invasive urinary tract infections falls far short of the desired treatment goal.
A Simulation Study of the Factors Influencing the Risk of Intraoperative Slipping

Abstract Background To identify the impact of weight, table surface, and table type on slipping in a simulation of minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Methods A mannequin was placed into increasing Trendelenburg until a slip was observed; the table angle at the time of the event was measured (slip angle). The influence of mannequin position (supine vs. lithotomy), weight, table surface, and model was evaluated. A linear regression model was used to analyze the data. Results Mannequin weight, bed surface, and bed type all significantly impacted the slip angles. In general, higher mannequin weights tolerated significantly more Trendelenburg before slipping in the supine position but less in lithotomy compared to lower weights. In lithotomy, the disposable sheet and gelpad performed worse than the bean bag, egg crate foam, and bedsheet. There was no difference in slipping because of bed surface in the supine model. The Skytron operating table performed significantly better than the Steris operating table when tested with the bedsheet. Conclusion Operative position, patient weight, and bed surface together influence the slipping propensity. In lithotomy, heavier patients were more prone to slipping while the inverse was true in supine. The egg crate foam, bean bag, and bedsheet were the best antislip surfaces. Operating room table choice can mitigate slippage.
Vector variational and weighted residual finite element procedures for highly anisotropic media

Construction of energy-like expressions for various classes of anisotropic media and the use of the weighted residual technique for those cases that don't obey Hermitian properties is undertaken. From the energy-like expressions are derived energy-like functionals, which are shown to have volumetric and surface parts. Volumetric parts contain electromagnetic governing equations of the media, and surface parts provide constraints on field components on interfacial boundaries. Media examined here include gyroelectric, gyromagnetic, combined gyroelectric and gyromagnetic, and complex media displaying gyroelectric, gyromagnetic, and optical activities. >
Total dose and proton damage in optocouplers

Radiation damage from gamma rays and protons is investigated for two types of optocouplers with different physical configurations. Far more damage occurs from protons because of displacement damage, which reduces the photoresponse of the phototransistor and causes severe degradation in LED light output for one of the two device types. The other device type was far more resistant to radiation, primarily because it used a shorter wavelength LED that was relatively unaffected by protons.
Size scale effects on cavitating flows through microorifices entrenched in rectangular microchannels

Cavitating flow of deionized water through various microorifices and microchannels has been investigated. Multifarious cavitating flow patterns, including incipient, choking and supercavitation have been detected. Effects of microorifice and microchannel size on cavitation have been discussed and results indicate the existence of strong size scale effects. Incipient and choking cavitation numbers are observed to increase with the area ratio between the microorifice and the microchannel while the orifice discharge coefficient plummets once cavitation activity erupts. Additionally, for a fixed microchannel width, the incipient and the choking cavitation numbers rise with the ratio between the hydraulic diameters of the microorifice and the microchannel. In addition, velocity and pressure effects on cavitation have been investigated for several microorifices and the observed trends have been compared with established macroscale results. Furthermore, the flow patterns encountered at choking and supercavitation are significantly influenced by the microorifice and microchannel size. Flow rate choking occurs irrespective of the inlet pressures and is a direct consequence of cavitation inside the microorifice. The predicted choked cavitation number is always higher than the experimental data. This discrepancy is suspected to be the result of exceedingly small residence time for nuclei growth and the ability of the liquid to withstand low pressures at such scales. Flow and cavitation hysteresis is observed but its effects are more pronounced for the smallest microorifice.
Challenging The Boundaries of Reform: Socialism in Burlington

Recently, after eight years in office, the socialist mayor of Burlington, Vermont, Bernard Sanders, stepped down. This is a case study of the achievements and failures of Sanders' radical administration amidst a conservative trend nationally, an unsympathetic state government, and a hostile city council. W. J. Conroy analyzes the reforms that Burlington's radicals attempted. He identifies four questions regarding Burlington's experience that resonated beyond the city's boundaries and are addressed in this book: How much autonomy did local government possess? Were the needs and constraints of the business community the primary forces that circumscribed local autonomy? Did the non-economic demands of the new social movements (Burlington's ecologists, peace activists, and gays and lesbians) face different constraints than did the economic reforms and thus have a greater chance for enactment? What lessons can be drawn from the case of Burlington that would aid the American left in its struggle to capture both government and civil society? Through several case studies, Conroy documents the frustration that Sanders and the progressive Coalition endured over issues such as waterfront development, the building of the four-lane Southern Connector, and alternate sources of taxation. He analyzes the economic development, tax, foreign affairs, and gender policy initiatives of Burlington's left from a post-Marxist perspective and he offers a controversial localist strategy to revitalize the American left. W. J. Conroy is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Kentucky Wesleyan College.
Influence of pH and carrageenan type on properties of β-lactoglobulin stabilized oil-in-water emulsions

Abstract The influence of pH and carrageenan type (ι, κ, and λ) on the properties of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) stabilized oil-in-water emulsions was investigated by particle charge, particle size distribution, creaming stability, and optical microscopy measurements. Emulsions containing droplets stabilized by β-Lg were produced by homogenization, and then adjusted to a particular pH (3, 5 or 6) before carrageenan solution (0 to 0.15 wt%) of the same pH was added. At pH 3 and 5, there was a pronounced decrease in droplet charge with increasing polysaccharide concentration for all carrageenan types, suggesting adsorption of carrageenan to the droplet surfaces. Extensive droplet aggregation and creaming were observed in these emulsions when the carrageenan concentration exceeded a particular level, indicating that carrageenan destabilized the emulsions. At pH 6, the droplet charge decreased when ι- or λ-carrageenan were added to the emulsions suggesting surface adsorption, but did not significantly change when κ-carrageenan was added. The mean particle diameter remained relatively small in all emulsions at pH 6 indicating no strong flocculation or coalescence occurred, however only the emulsions containing ι-carrageenan were stable to creaming after 1 week storage. We propose that ι-carrageenan, which had the most densely charged helix structure, was most effective at creating highly charged interfacial membranes, thereby reducing the tendency for depletion flocculation to occur.
Age-Specific Fitness Components in Hybrid Females of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis

Most models of hybridization assume that hybrids are less fit than their parental taxa. In contrast, some researchers have explored the possibility that hybrid individuals may actually have higher fitness and so play an important role in the generation of new species or adaptations. By estimating age-specific fitness components, we can determine not only how hybrid fitness differs from parental taxa, but also whether the fitness of hybrids relative to parental taxa changes with age. Here we describe an analysis of age-specific fitness traits in two species of Drosophila, D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, and their F1 hybrids. At early ages, hybrid females lay as many eggs as parental individuals, on average, but produce far fewer offspring. By late ages, in contrast, parental taxa show a steep decline in production not seen in hybrids, such that hybrids produce more offspring, on average, than parental taxa. Furthermore, egg-adult survival in hybrids is negatively correlated with egg density, whereas these traits are only weakly correlated in parental taxa. The results are limited somewhat by the fact that we analyze only two strains, and that these may be partially inbred. Nonetheless, the results are certainly illustrative, pointing out not only that at least some hybrid individuals may be as fit or fitter than parental taxa, but also that the difference between hybrids and parental taxa varies with age.
Using Syndromic Surveillance to Investigate Tattoo- related Skin Infections in NYC

Mycobacterium chelonae is not reportable in NYC. To investigate tattoo-associated M. chelonae infections, we used NYC ED syndromic surveillance for case finding and trend analysis. No significant trend emerged from 5 years of ED surveillance data. Thirty-one ED visits for tattoo complications were identified in the five-month period preceding a reported case of M. chelonae. Fourteen patients were interviewed, and none were suspected or confirmed with M. chelonae. Syndromic surveillance is an option for case finding when the event under surveillance is described by a unique and specific word or phrase, such as tattoo.
Low-Temperature a-Si:H/GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cells

We propose a novel hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/GaAs heterostructure for photovoltaic solar cells. The structure has two key advantages: 1) low-temperature processing and 2) a relatively low cost of cell fabrication compared with conventional junction structures that require epitaxial growth. We investigate the impact of different hydrogen dilution levels used during a-Si:H deposition on the electrical characteristics of heterojunction GaAs solar cells. It is interesting to note that epitaxial growth of silicon on GaAs occurred when relatively high hydrogen dilution levels were used. The prospect of silicon epitaxy in improving the cell performance is discussed.
A meta-analysis of research on sensory integration treatment.

Objective The purpose of this study was to find whether existing studies of treatment using sensory integration approaches support the efficacy of these approaches. Method With meta-analysis, the results of sensory integration efficacy research studies published from 1972 to the present were synthesized and analyzed. Sixteen studies were used to compare sensory integration effect with no treatment (SI/NT), and 16 were used to compare sensory integration effect with alternative treatments (SI/ALT). Overall average effect sizes, comparisons of the effect sizes for different dependent variables, and secondary factors associated with effect size variation were examined. Results The weighted average effect size of SI/NT studies was .29. However, there was a significant difference between the average effect sizes of the earlier studies (.60) and the more recent studies (.03). Of the outcome measures, larger effect sizes were found in the psychoeducational category (.39) and motor category (.40). Of SI/ALT studies, the average effect size was .09, not significantly different from zero. Conclusion Three central conclusions can be made. First, in the SI/NT comparison, a significant effect was replicated for sensory integration treatment effects in earlier studies, but more recent studies did not show overall positive effects. Second, larger effect sizes were found in psychoeducational and motor categories. Third, sensory integration treatment methods were found to be as effective as various alternative treatment methods.
Design and realization of grey PID control system for high-precision simulated turntable

A novel servo simulated turntable was designed and realized in order to simulate space motions of optoelectronic tracking equipments under the condition of ground laboratory. The main techniques including system construction, system function, hardware and software were proposed. According to specialties of the optoelectronic servo control system, the system model was analyzed and a multiple closed-loop control structure was designed. In order to eliminate the influence of nonlinear factors on the system control, according to the different characteristic of speed closed loop and position closed loop, PID method and grey prediction method were adopted to design the corresponding control algorithm. Results of experiment prove the servo turntable attains presetting requirements and the control system design is correct. The turntable can simulate random movements of space servo tracking equipments in two degrees of freedom and actual disturbances in two degrees of freedom, and provide real effective reference data for developing real devices and improving control algorithm.
A sampling-based framework for parallel data mining

The goal of data mining algorithm is to discover useful information embedded in large databases. Frequent itemset mining and sequential pattern mining are two important data mining problems with broad applications. Perhaps the most efficient way to solve these problems sequentially is to apply a pattern-growth algorithm, which is a divide-and-conquer algorithm [9, 10]. In this paper, we present a framework for parallel mining frequent itemsets and sequential patterns based on the divide-and-conquer strategy of pattern growth. Then, we discuss the load balancing problem and introduce a sampling technique, called selective sampling, to address this problem. We implemented parallel versions of both frequent itemsets and sequential pattern mining algorithms following our framework. The experimental results show that our parallel algorithms usually achieve excellent speedups.
Performing homeland security within the US immigrant detention system

This paper examines the critical role played by the US immigrant detention and deportation apparatus in the construction of contemporary imaginaries of homeland security. I argue that the detention system works performatively by substantiating a paradoxical relationship between security and insecurity for system employees. Through research conducted in Ecuador with detained migrants� families and deported migrants, I scrutinize the behavior of detention personnel and the experiences of detainees. Data illustrate how the US detention system becomes an integral part of the governmental apparatus behind homeland security imaginaries. First, employees are disciplined through the constant repetition of narratives in which immigrants are immoral and untrustworthy. Second, the detention system is structured in such a way as to require employees to perceive detainees as sources of insecurity, through inconsistent policies, conditions of detention, and high volume and mobility of detainees. Consequently, I contend, employees� interactions with detainees play an important and under-recognized role in performing homeland security imaginaries by perpetuating and reinforcing negative tropes of immigrants as criminalized, dangerous outsiders. The paper contributes to understanding ways in which multiple and overlapping governmentalities work recursively in the country�s immigration apparatus, as well as shedding light on the typically opaque detention and deportation process.
Winding angle distributions for random walks and flux lines

We study analytically and numerically the winding of a flux line around a columnar defect. Reflecting and absorbing boundary conditions apply to marginal or repulsive defects, respectively. In both cases, the winding angle distribution decays exponentially for large angles, with a decay constant depending only on the boundary condition, but not on microscopic features. Nonuniversal distributions are encountered for chiral defects that preferentially twist the flux line in one direction. The resulting asymmetric distributions have decay constants that depend on the degree of chirality. In particular, strong chirality encourages entanglements and leads to broad distributions. We also examine the windings of flux lines in the presence of point impurities (random bonds). Our results suggest that pinning to impurities reduces entanglements, leading to a narrow (Gaussian) distribution. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Image-based structure-to-function correlation of tissue engineering scaffolds

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary effort aimed at the repair and regeneration of biological tissues through the application and control of cells, porous scaffolds and growth factors. While there is a general intuitive consensus on the influence of scaffold architecture on the regeneration of tissues, the specific magnitude of these architectural indices are loosely defined. This paper investigates the application of image-based metrology and traditional wet-lab studies to understand cellular responses and phenotype expression to scaffold microarchitecture. Unraveling the symbiotic structure-to-function relationship of scaffolds might have profound implications leading to the deployment of benchside tissue analogs to the clinical bedside.
Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory.

We present a conceptualization of student engagement based on the culmination of concentration, interest, and enjoyment (i.e., flow). Using a longitudinal sample of 526 high school students across the U.S., we investigated how adolescents spent their time in high school and the conditions under which they reported being engaged. Participants experienced increased engagement when the perceived challenge of the task and their own skills were high and in balance, the instruction was relevant, and the learning environment was under their control. Participants were also more engaged in individual and group work versus listening to lectures, watching videos, or taking exams. Suggestions to increase engagement, such as focusing on learning activities that support students’ autonomy and provide an appropriate level of challenge for students’ skills, conclude the article.
Experimental Investigation of a 2-D MHD Slipstream Accelerator and Generator

An experimental study of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects of partially dissociated and ionized flow over an 80-degree included angle wedge with a 0.3 Tesla permanent magnet is presently being undertaken in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 24-inch Hypersonic Shock Tunnel. The selected flow freestream conditions are approximately Mach 7.6, 4100 K (7380 R) stagnation temperature, and 780 psia stagnation pressure. In the initial part of the study, the power generation characteristics of the flow were investigated to determine the conductivity of the flow through the MHD channel. The generator results have been verified. The next phase of study involves the establishment of an electric discharge between the electrodes of the same model to accelerate the plasma. Initial calculations have revealed that at least 30 kW of energy must be added to the flow to see a 1 psia increase in impact pressure behind the MHD channel. With initial planning completed, the instrumentation and equipment is being built and acquired for this second stage of research.
Restriction of Dietary Energy Intake Has a Greater Impact on Bone Integrity Than Does Restriction of Calcium in Exercising Female Rats

We sought to elucidate the effects of restricting calcium, energy, or food on the skeletal integrity of exercising female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo old) were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10/group): ad libitum intake of an AIN-93M diet (Research Diets D10012M, Research Diets, Inc.) with no exercise (AL-S) or with exercise (AL-EX) or to 1 of 3 exercising restriction groups [40% restriction of calcium only (CAR-EX), energy only (ER-EX), or food (FR-EX)]. All EX rats were treadmill trained 3 d/wk, 45 min/d for 12 wk at ~60% maximal oxygen consumption. After 12 wk, total body bone mineral content (by DXA) and body mass, but not lean mass, were lower in ER-EX (-17%) and FR-EX rats (-13%) compared with the AL-EX group. CAR-EX had few negative effects on bone geometry (by peripheral quantitative computed tomography) or histomorphometry. However, declines in total volumetric bone mineral density at the proximal tibia metaphysic (PTM) were observed in ER-EX (-6%) and FR-EX (-8%) groups; only FR-EX rats exhibited increased osteoclast surface and decreased mineral apposition rate in PTM cancellous bone. Decrements in serum estradiol, uterine weights, or both in these 2 groups implicate altered estrogen status as contributory. Urine pH declined significantly by 12 wk in all restricted groups, but net acid excretion increased only in CAR-EX rats. These findings, when compared with published data on sedentary rats, suggest that treadmill running exercise may mitigate some, but not all, deleterious effects on bone after chronic energy or food restriction but is more protective during calcium restriction.
Semantics of the visual environment encoded in parahippocampal cortex

Semantic representations capture the statistics of experience and store this information in memory. A fundamental component of this memory system is knowledge of the visual environment, including knowledge of objects and their associations. Visual semantic information underlies a range of behaviors, from perceptual categorization to cognitive processes such as language and reasoning. Here we examine the neuroanatomic system that encodes visual semantics. Across three experiments, we found converging evidence indicating that knowledge of verbally mediated visual concepts relies on information encoded in a region of the ventral-medial temporal lobe centered on parahippocampal cortex. In an fMRI study, this region was strongly engaged by the processing of concepts relying on visual knowledge but not by concepts relying on other sensory modalities. In a study of patients with the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia semantic dementia, atrophy that encompassed this region was associated with a specific impairment in verbally mediated visual semantic knowledge. Finally, in a structural study of healthy adults from the fMRI experiment, gray matter density in this region related to individual variability in the processing of visual concepts. The anatomic location of these findings aligns with recent work linking the ventral-medial temporal lobe with high-level visual representation, contextual associations, and reasoning through imagination. Together, this work suggests a critical role for parahippocampal cortex in linking the visual environment with knowledge systems in the human brain.
Technical Adequacy of the Positive Experiences at School Scale With Adolescents

The present study reports on an investigation of the generalizability of the technical adequacy of the Positive Experience at School Scale (PEASS) with a sample of students (N = 1,002) who differed substantially in age/grade level (i.e., adolescents in middle school as opposed to children in elementary school) and ethnic identity (i.e., majority Black/African American as opposed to majority Latino/a) in comparison with the measure’s primary development sample. Findings from confirmatory factor analyses indicated the original latent structure of the PEASS was tenable in the current sample and that the measure was invariant across gender and grade level, with some small demographic differences identified via latent means testing. Additional psychometric findings regarding the technical adequacy of the PEASS with this sample, including its observed scale characteristics and simulated classification utility with criterion measures of academic self-efficacy and school connectedness, are also presented. Implica...
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VARIABILITY OF MIDWINTER SNOW-DEPTH DECREASE IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS OF THE UNITED STATES

Meltwater from snow provides an important source of fresh water for agriculture, domestic use, and hydroelectric power in many regions of the world. In the winter and early spring, however, rapid ablation of the snowpack can lead to environmental hazards such as flooding. Most snowmelt research has relied on measured data, which have limited the spatial and temporal resolution of the studies. Generally, these studies have been conducted at single locations over periods of a few days to a few weeks. This project investigates snowdepth changes on a more expansive scale by using a one-dimensional mass- and energy-balance model (SNTHERM) to compute the convective and radiative fluxes associated with large snow-depth change events. Midwinter snow-depth changes and the variability in snow-depth changes are evaluated for a 25-year time period over the northern Great Plains region of the United States during February. Statistical analyses indicate that variations in sensible heat flux have the greatest influence ...
Solution and Solid-State Photoreductive Elimination of Chlorine by Irradiation of a [PtSb]VII Complex

In our search for novel main-group-based redox-active platforms for solar fuel production, we have synthesized Cl2SbIVPtIIICl3(o-dppp)2 (2, o-dppp = o-(Ph2P)C6H4)), a complex featuring a highly oxidized [PtSb]VII core. This thermally stable complex quickly evolves chlorine upon irradiation with a Xe lamp, leading to [Cl2SbIVPtICl(o-dppp)2] (1) as the photoproduct. This photoreduction is very efficient, with a maximum quantum yield of 13.8% when carried out in a 4.4 M solution of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene in CH2Cl2. Remarkably, 2 also evolves chlorine when irradiated in the solid state under ambient conditions in the absence of a trap.
Creation of Hydrophilic Nitric Oxide Releasing Polymers via Plasma Surface Modification

Herein, we describe the surface modification of an S-nitrosated polymer derivative via H2O plasma treatment, resulting in polymer coatings that maintained their nitric oxide (NO) releasing capabilities, but exhibited dramatic changes in surface wettability. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based hydrophobic polymer was nitrosated to achieve a material capable of releasing the therapeutic agent NO. The NO-loaded films were subjected to low-temperature H2O plasma treatments, where the treatment power (20–50 W) and time (1–5 min) were varied. The plasma treated polymer films were superhydrophilic (water droplet spread completely in <100 ms), yet retained 90% of their initial S-nitrosothiol content. Under thermal conditions, NO release profiles were identical to controls. Under buffer soak conditions, the NO release profile was slightly lowered for the plasma-treated materials; however, they still result in physiologically relevant NO fluxes. XPS, SEM-EDS, and ATR-IR characterization suggests the plasma trea...
Uptake of 67Cu by Ceruloplasmin In Vitro

Solutions of human ceruloplasmin, in Tris buffer at pH values between 6 and 7.5, readily took up carrier-free 67Cu2+, but only when the substrate, rho-phenylenediamine, was added.
Simulation of Dislocation Dynamics in Ni3Al: A Study of Velocity Autocorrelations

The yield strength anomaly in some L12 compounds has been linked to the thermally assisted cross slip of screw superdislocations. This work continues earlier efforts to understand the yield strength anomaly in L12 alloys using computer simulations of dislocation motion. Dislocations are modelled within isotropic elasticity theory, and simple rules are used to model the cross-slip process in the two dimensional geometry of the simulation. The velocity of a single dislocation in Ni3Al is studied as a function of the applied stress. The observed velocities vary nonlinearly with the applied stress. Further, dislocations are observed to become immobile for small applied loads. At high stresses, the dislocations are observed to advance relatively unhindered by the thermally activated cross slip process. Fluctuations in the velocity of the dislocations are studied, and their autocorrelation function shows an increased correlation time near a threshold stress. This threshold stress is identified with the critical stress proposed in earlier works.
Design of Electro-Hydraulic Control System for ZFDC44300/25/42 Hydraulic Support

Introduced main technology characteristic and request to electro-hydraulic control system about forepoling support for return airway,namely,ZFDC44300/25/42 hydraulic support,and electro-hydraulic control system is designed.This control system possess function of ensuring setting load,and setting load can be readjusted to request of roof.This control system can insure operation safe and facility by next support control.
Número de ganglios linfáticos metastásicos como determinante de los resultados de la prostatectomía radical de rescate en el cáncer de próstata de recidivante tras radioterapia

Background Presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) at salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) is associated with poor outcome. Predictors of outcome in this context remain undetermined. ThE objective was to assess the role of number of positive lymph node on outcome of patients with LNM after sRP and for radio-recurrent prostate cancer.
Analysis of Food Poisoning in Nanning City During 2004-2009

【Objective】To investigate the regularities and characteristics of food poisoning in Nanning city and to provide the scientific basis for establishing the mechanism of prevention,control and active surveillance,and finally to reach the goal of effective control of food poisoning.【Method】The relevant data including poisoning information,the distributions of time,reasons and pollution links were analyzed.【Result】There were 226 cases of food poisoning in total during 2004—2009 in Nanning.The number of poisoning was 3 012 and 1 death,the events of food poisoning almost happened in the second and third season,the main reason of poisoning was pathogenic microorganisms,and the key links of pollution were main foodstuff pollution and deterioration.【Conclusion】Considering the regularities and characteristics of food poisoning in Nanning,the effective preventive measures proposed were strengthening health monitoring and education for high-occurrence season,factors and pollution links.
SU-G-IeP1-15: Towards Accurate Cerebral Blood Flow Quantification with Distortion- Corrected Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling

Purpose: Traditional arterial spin labeling (ASL) acquisitions with echo planar imaging (EPI) readouts suffer from image distortion due to susceptibility effects, compromising ASL's ability to accurately quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) and assess disease-specific patterns associated with CBF abnormalities. Phase labeling for additional coordinate encoding (PLACE) can remove image distortion; our goal is to apply PLACE to improve the quantitative accuracy of ASL CBF in humans. Methods: Four subjects were imaged on a 3T Philips Ingenia scanner using a 16-channel receive coil with a 21/21/10cm (frequency/phase/slice direction) field-of-view. An ASL sequence with a pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) labeling scheme was employed to acquire thirty dynamics of single-shot EPI data, with control and label datasets for all dynamics, and PLACE gradients applied on odd dynamics. Parameters included a post-labeling delay = 2s, label duration = 1.8s, flip angle = 90°, TR/TE = 5000/23.5ms, and 2.9/2.9/5.0mm (frequency/phase/slice direction) voxel size. “M0” EPI-reference images and T1-weighted spin-echo images with 0.8/1.0/3.3mm (frequency/phase/slice directions) voxel size were also acquired. Complex conjugate image products of pCASL odd and even dynamics were formed, a linear phase ramp applied, and data expanded and smoothed. Data phase was extracted to map control, label, and M0 magnitude image pixels to their undistorted locations, and images were rebinned to original size. All images were corrected for motion artifacts in FSL 5.0. pCASL images were registered to M0 images, and control and label images were subtracted to compute quantitative CBF maps. Results: pCASL image and CBF map distortions were removed by PLACE in all subjects. Corrected images conformed well to the anatomical T1-weighted reference image, and deviations in corrected CBF maps were evident. Conclusion: Eliminating pCASL distortion with PLACE can improve CBF quantification accuracy using minimal pulse sequence modifications and no additional scan time, improving ASL's clinical applicability.
The Vishik Spectral Theorem

This chapter is devoted to the so-called Vishik spectral theorem for bounded linear operators. Here, we mainly follow Attimu [4], Attimu and Diagana [3], Baker [7], and Vishik [54].
6.07 – Magmatism, Magma, and Magma Chambers

Understanding magma in its broadest context is a key to unraveling the physical and chemical evolution of Earth and its sister terrestrial planets and their many moons. The spatial and temporal distributions of magma and the styles of magmatism are fundamental indications of planetary inner workings. This work covers all aspects of the physical and chemical nature of magma and especially how it solidifies, differentiates, and behaves beneath ocean ridges, beneath island arcs, and in large central volcanic systems, like Hawaii. Emphasis is placed on the physical processes of differentiation beginning in an historical context when governing ideas were introduced and extending to large intricate systems (Sudbury and Ferrar Dolerites) where the processes leading to ascent, emplacement, layering, and chemical differentiation are particularly clear.
Plasma diagnostics in spherical tokamaks with silicon charged-particle detectors

Detection of charged fusion products, such as protons and tritons resulting from D(d, p) t reactions, can be used to determine the position and time dependent fusion reaction rate profile in spherical tokamak plasmas with neutral beam heating. We have developed a prototype instrument consisting of 6 ion-implanted-silicon surface barrier detectors combined with collimators in such a way that each detector can accept 3 MeV protons and 1 MeV tritons and thus provides a curved view across the plasma cross section. The combination of the results from all six detectors will provide information on the spatial distribution of the fusion reaction rate. The expected time resolution of about 1 ms makes it possible to study changes in the reaction rate due to slow variations in the neutral beam density profile, as well as rapid changes resulting from MHD instabilities. Details of the new instrument, its data acquisition system, simulation results, and electrical noise testing results are discussed in this paper. First experimental data are expected to be taken during the current experimental campaign at NSTX-U.
Consumer Learning to Promote Behavioral Intention Toward IT Innovation: Is Word of Mouth Needed?

Adoption of innovation is an on-going process involving persuasive communication and learning. However, the idea of marketing of IT innovation from consumer learning perspective has long been neglected. Based on consumer learning theory, we develop a model suggesting that word of mouth (WOM) stimulates individual consumers’ learning and in turn affect their intention to adopt mobile payment. Data about users and potential users of mobile payment was collected from China through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that consumers first sense the WOM and obtain relevant information from the surrounding environment. Their information searching will affect their perceived knowledge and self-efficacy about mobile payment. Then attitude about mobile payment is formed, which in turn, affects their behavioral intention toward mobile payment. Differences of model path coefficients between users and potential users of mobile payment are explored, and implications and limitations are also discussed.