cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learner-Centered Teacher-Student Relationships Are Effective: A Meta-Analysis

Person-centered education is a counseling-originated, educational psychology model, overripe for meta-analysis, that posits that positive teacher-student relationships are associated with optimal, holistic learning. It includes classical, humanistic education and today’s constructivist learner-centered model. The author reviewed about 1,000 articles to synthesize 119 studies from 1948 to 2004 with 1,450 findings and 355,325 students. The meta-analysis design followed Mackay, Barkham, Rees, and Stiles’s guidelines, including comprehensive search mechanisms, accuracy and bias control, and primary study validity assessment. Variables coded included 9 independent and 18 dependent variables and 39 moderators. The results showed that correlations had wide variation. Mean correlations (r= .31) were above average compared with other educational innovations for cognitive and especially affective and behavioral outcomes. Methodological and sample features accounted for some of the variability.
A digital background calibration technique for time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters

A 10-bit 40-Msample/s two-channel parallel pipelined ADC with monolithic digital background calibration has been designed and fabricated in a 1 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Adaptive signal processing and extra resolution in each channel are used to carry out digital background calibration. Test results show that the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 55 dB for a 0.8-MHz sinusoidal input, a peak integral nonlinearity of 0.34 LSB, and a peak differential nonlinearity of 0.14 LSB, both at a 10-bit level. The active area is 42 mm/sup 2/, and the power dissipation is 565 mW from a 5 V supply.
ON THE MOMENT STABILITY OF STOCHASTIC PARAMETRICALLY FORCED EQUATIONS WITH RANK ONE FORCING

We derive simplified formulas for analyzing the moment stability of stochastic parametrically forced linear systems. This analysis extends the results in [T. Blass and L. A. Romero, SIAM J. Control Optim., 51 (2013), pp. 1099--1127], where, under the assumption that the stochastic excitation is small, the stability of such systems was computed using a weighted sum of the extended power spectral density over the eigenvalues of the unperturbed operator. In this paper, we show how to convert this sum to a sum over the residues of the extended power spectral density. For systems where the parametric forcing term is a rank one matrix, this approach leads to an enormous simplification. We give two examples of systems with rank one forcing, including the problem of stochastically forced Faraday waves.
Navigating solid medical images by pencils of sectioning planes

Beyond their involvement in ordinary surface rendering, the boundaries of organs in medical images have differential properties that make them quite useful for quantitative understanding. In particular, their geometry affords a framework for navigating the original solid, representing its R3 contents quite flexibility as multiple pseudovolumes R2 x T, where T is ar eal-valued parameter standing for screen time. A navigation is a smoothly parameterized series of image sections characterized by normal direction, centerpoint, scale and orientation. Such filmstrips represent a radical generalization of conventional medical image dynamics. The lances encountered in these navigations can be represented by constructs from classic differential geometry. Sequences of plane sections can be formalized as continuous pencils of planes, sets of cardinality (infinity) 1 that are sometimes explicitly characterized by a real-value parameter and sometimes defined implicitly as the intersection (curve of common elements) of a pair of bundles of (infinity) 2 planes. An example of the first type of navigation is the pencil of planes through the tangent line at one point of a curve; of the second type, the cone of planes through a point tangent to a surface. The further enhancements of centering, orienting, and rescaling in the medical context are intended to leave landmark points or boundary intersections invariant on the screen. Edgewarp, a publicly available software package, allows free play with pencils of planes like these as they section one single enormous medical data resource, the Visible Human data sets from the National Library of Medicine. This paper argues the relative merits of such visualizations over conventional surface-rendered flybys for understanding and communication of associated anatomical knowledge.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transfer factor — Current status and future prospects

We have detected new clues to the composition and function of "Transfer Factor" using the direct Leucocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) test as an in vitro assay of Dialysates of Leucocyte Extracts (DLE). This approach has revealed two opposing antigen-specific activities to be present in the same >3500 < 12,000 DA dialysis fraction - one activity is possessed of Inducer/Helper function (Inducer Factor). The opposing activity is possessed of Suppressor function (Suppressor Factor). When non-immune leucocyte populations are cultured with Inducer Factor they acquire the capacity to respond to specific antigen and inhibition of migration occurs. This conversion to reactivity is antigen- specific and dosedependent. When immune leucocyte populations are cultured with Suppressor Factor their response to specific antigen is blocked and Inhibition of Migration is prevented.
Implications for hydrologic processes on Mars from extensive bedrock outcrops throughout Terra Meridiani

Grey haematite was recently detected in the Terra Meridiani region of Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The formation of haematite on Earth often requires liquid water to be present for long periods of time, making this an important target for deciphering the history of water on Mars. The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed in Meridiani early in 2004 and has since discovered light-toned bedrock outcrops rich in chemical and textural signatures of long-term water interaction locally at the landing site. Here I use remote sensing data to show that the light-toned outcrops at the landing site are not a local phenomenon. Instead, they are observable throughout the haematite-bearing plains in both visible and thermal infrared remote sensing data. Moreover, the light-toned material outcrops around much of the margin and is mappable for hundreds of kilometres to the north, east and west of the plains. I infer that 3 x 10(5) km(2) of this material is exposed over 20 degrees of longitude, indicating the extended presence of surface or near-surface water over a large region of Mars.
Formation of viable but nonculturable Salmonella during starvation in chemically defined solutions

R.A.N. CHMIELEWSKI AND J.F. FRANK. 1995. Salmonella enteritidis enters a viable-but-nonculturable state when exposed to starvation in aquatic environments. This study determined starvation survival of this pathogen in chemically defined solutions and tested the ability of nonselective enrichment to detect viable-but-nonculturable cells. Starvation of Salm. enteritidis at 7°C in 7.35 mmol l -1 potassium phosphate buffer resulted in complete loss of culturability after 5 weeks with maintenance of substrate-responsive population of over 10 000 cell ml -1 . Starvation at 21°C and starvation in saline solutions or lower concentrations of phosphate buffer resulted in prolonged survival of a culturable population although this population was lower than the total viable population. Enrichment using lactose broth did not allow resuscitation of viable-but-nonculturable cells even after 5 d of incubation at 35°C.
RF reference generation for the Ground Test Accelerator

A description is presented of the implementation plan for the radio-frequency (RF) reference generation subsystem of the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA). The master oscillator and most of the required components of this subsystem have been acquired and tested. Hardware descriptions and test results are cited when available. Each GTA control subsystem requires a coherent, phase-stable signal from the RF reference generation subsystem to regulate the RF field in its corresponding cavity of the accelerator. The RF reference generation subsystem is configured in a star-distribution format, originating at a master oscillator that supplies three phase-coherent frequencies harmonically related to a fixed fundamental. Phase-locked loops and Wilkinson splitters distribute these signals to many different output ports. >
Planarity of large MEMS

A systematic approach is developed to study the planarity of large (few mm long) micromechanical cantilever beams made of /spl mu/m-size features. The beams are made by the SCREAM (single crystal reactive etching and metallization) process. SCREAM beams consist of a single crystal silicon (SCS) core coated on top and sides by oxide or nitride and a metal. The sidewalls overhang the SCS core. The beams deform out of plane due to thermal and intrinsic strains of the coating films. These strains are defined and measured for plasma deposited SiO/sub 2/ and sputtered aluminum films. A linear elastic model of SCREAM cantilever beams is then developed to evaluate the deformation of the beams caused by film strains. The model predicts that the beams may bend up or down or remain planar depending on their cross-sectional design. Also, the greater the depth of the beams, the more planar they are, and a change in temperature (room temp-100/spl deg/C) has little influence on planarity for beams with thin (/spl sim/.2 /spl mu/m) metallization. The model is validated by fabricating large (up to 2 mm long) cantilever beams, 1 and 2 /spl mu/m wide, with PECVD SiO/sub 2/ and sputtered Al coatings. The deformations of the beams prior to metallization as well as before and after annealing of the metallized beams are measured. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental deformations and those predicted by the model. The paper is concluded with an example of a working, large (4/spl times/5 mm/sup 2/), planar MEM device fabricated by the SCREAM process.
Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in children after cisplatin chemotherapy☆☆☆★★★♢

Little is known about cisplatin ototoxicity in pediatric patients. Measurement of otoacoustic emissions is a rapid, reproducible, objective method of evaluating hearing. We examined whether transie...
Aliskiren and valsartan combination therapy for the management of hypertension

Combination therapy is necessary for most patients with hypertension, and agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are mainstays in hypertension management, especially for patients at high cardiovascular and renal risk. Single blockade of the RAAS with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) confers some cardiorenal protection; however, these agents do not extinguish the RAAS as evidenced by a reactive increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), a cardiovascular risk marker, and incomplete cardiorenal protection. Dual blockade with an ACE inhibitor and an ARB offers no additional benefit in patients with hypertension and normal renal and left ventricular function. Indeed, PRA increases synergistically with dual blockade. Aliskiren, the first direct renin inhibitor (DRI) to become available has provided an opportunity to study the merit of DRI/ARB combination treatment. By blocking the first and rate-limiting step in the RAAS, aliskiren reduces PRA by at least 70% and buffers the compensatory increase in PRA observed with ACE inhibitors and ARBs. The combination of a DRI and an ARB or an ACE inhibitor is an effective approach for lowering blood pressure; available data indicate that such combinations favorably affect proteinuria, left ventricular mass index, and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with albuminuria, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure, respectively. Ongoing outcome studies will clarify the role of aliskiren and aliskiren-based combination RAAS blockade in patients with hypertension and those at high cardiorenal risk.
Assembly of the N-dependent antitermination complex of phage lambda: NusA and RNA bind independently to different unfolded domains of the N protein.

The N protein of bacteriophage lambda activates expression of the delayed early genes of this phage by modifying RNA polymerase (RNAP) into a form that is resistant to termination signals. N binds to the boxB hairpin that forms in the nascent RNA transcript upon transcription of the nut regulatory element, and then interacts with RNAP by RNA looping. The binding of the N-boxB subassembly to the transcription complex is further stabilized by interaction with the Escherichia coli NusA protein. N, free in solution, exists as an unfolded protein that becomes partially structured upon binding specifically to boxB RNA. Because NusA does not assist in antitermination unless N is specifically bound to boxB, we have asked whether the structural change induced by binding to boxB affects the interaction of N with NusA. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we have measured the affinity of N for NusA in the presence and absence of boxB RNA. We find that NusA binds to the unfolded N protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 70 nM, and although N undergoes a significant structural change upon binding to boxB, the binding affinity of NusA for a N protein complexed with boxB is not altered. We have also shown that the boxA element of nut does not affect NusA binding to N-boxB. These results demonstrate that the interaction of N with NusA is independent of RNA binding, arguing that NusA must interact with an unfolded region of the polypeptide that remains unstructured even when N binds to boxB RNA. To further establish this point we isolated a truncated peptide containing the amino-terminal 36 residues of the N protein. Binding of boxB RNA to this peptide showed that all of the structural change in N that occurs upon binding to boxB RNA is localized within the amino-terminal 36 residues of N, therefore the C terminus of N, including the regions necessary for NusA binding and RNAP activation, remains unfolded when the full length N binds to boxB RNA. Thus it appears that N can be described as an unfolded multi-domain protein that becomes ordered in a modular fashion as it encounters its various binding partners within the N-dependent antitermination complex.
Impact of acidification and eutrophication on the distribution of fish species in shallow and lentic soft waters of The Netherlands: an historical perspective

The species richness and composition of fish assemblages were examined in lentic soft waters in The Netherlands. The selected bodies of water reflected a large variation in geomorphological and limnological factors. In total, 24 fish species were encountered in Dutch soft waters. During 1983–1984 Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Tinca tinca and Umbra pygmaea were quite common. In slightly acid and alkaline waters (pH≥5) Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Perca fluviatilis, Ictalurus nebulosus and Cyprinus carpio accounted for about 90% of the total number of specimens in the catches. Strongly acid waters (pH < 5) generally were fishless. If fish were present in these waters, however, the catches mainly consisted of Umbra pygmaea. Only in a few strongly acid systems were other species collected. The lowest pH at which certain fish species occurred varied from 3.1 to 7.0. In particular, Umbra pygmaea was extremely acid-tolerant. The percentage of waters which harboured fish as well as the average number offish species per water decreased steeply between pH 6 and 4. The sampled waters showed remarkable differences in their fish assemblages. With hierarchical classification, six groups of waters could be distinquished with respect to their fish fauna. The site groups are defined and characterized physico-chemically and their fish assemblages described. Multivariate analysis showed that the structure of fish communities is strongly related to the pH, the alkalinity, trophic level and the ionic composition of the water. Comparison of historical and recent data on the occurrence of fish strongly indicated that in many sampling sites fish species or even entire fish assemblages had disappeared. Ordination of available data also illustrated recent changes in community structure. At least 67% of the nowadays extremely acid waters formerly harboured fish populations. The impoverishment of fish communities or the total loss of fish were primarily caused by cultural acidification. Limited nutrient enrichment of soft waters only resulted in minor alterations of fish assemblages.
Advances in analytical chemistry

to the editor: The claim of the investigators ([8][1]) to have deepened our understanding of mixtures and titrations ignores over a half-century of advances in analytical chemistry. As an example, in 1947 the French chemist Charlot ([3][2]) considered a mixture of a weak acid HA and a conjugate
A landscape-level assessment of understory diversity in upland forests of North-Central Wisconsin, USA

The study measured landscape level diversity of the understory plants of mature, upland forests in north-central Wisconsin USA. Habitat types were used to segregate the landscape along a moisture-nutrient gradient. Forty sites that had closed canopies, had been undisturbed for at least 20 years, and were at least 8 ha in size were used. The percent cover of groundlayer species was ocularly estimated in 12–18 randomly located, one meter square plots in June and August, 1995. Shrub cover was estimated by the line intercept method. Alpha, beta and gamma diversity were determined for early and late summer periods separately. Gamma diversity was quantified using a new method, affinity analysis, which generates a list of modal and outlier sites and calculates mosaic diversity, a measure of landscape complexity. Generally, communities in the middle of the moisture-nutrient gradient were modal, whereas those at the mesic end of the gradient were outlier. Mosaic diversity values were very similar for early summer and late summer (2.88±0.04, 2.95±0.03, respectively), but was much higher for both periods combined (3.95±0.07). Whittaker's Index (beta diversity) revealed varying rates of species turnover along presumed moisture and nutrient gradients, whereas species densities and richness were relatively constant among habitat types. A one-way analysis of variance of Shannon-Weaver values found no significant differences among habitat types (p≥0.05). Regional diversity mainly resulted from high beta values which appears to be primarily a function of the moisture gradient. The other factors influencing compositional differences among sites are variation in site history, especially disturbance, with niche partitioning and differences in seed dispersal capacity having a minor influence. The affinity analysis method indicated that sampling once per season is inadequate, and that many types of sites are modal. This method for estimating gamma (landscape) diversity shows considerable promise, but information on the processes that produce outlier sites is needed to fully understand and use the results of this method.
Advising as Educating: A Framework for Organizing Advising Systems

A shared perspective on the extant and ideal organizing principles for an institution’s advising system is important to the overall effectiveness of advising. In this essay, I develop a vision of advising as educating, and from that vision, derive some higher order principles for an institutional advising system that will accommodate the widest range of prevailing theories and practices of advising and still allow for meaningful assessments and evaluations of advising effectiveness. Seven basic principles for organizing and managing institutional advising systems are identified.
What Money Doesn't Buy: Class Resources and Children's Participation in Organized Extracurricular Activities

Recent research suggests that participation in organized extracurricular activities by children and adolescents can have educational and occupational payoffs. This research also establishes that participation is strongly associated with social class. However, debate has ensued—primarily among qualitative researchers—over whether the association between class and activities stems exclusively from inequalities in objective resources and constraints or whether differing cultural orientations have a role. We address this debate using a nationally representative sample of children’s time diaries, merged with extensive information on their families, to model participation in, and expenditures on, organized activities. While we cannot directly observe cultural orientations, we account for a substantially wider array of resources and constraints than previous studies. We find that, above and beyond these factors, maternal education has a consistently large effect on the outcomes we study. We discuss the plausibility of a cultural interpretation of this result, as well as alternative interpretations.
Data-driven motion mappings improve transparency in teleoperation

A teleoperation system with high transparency enables the operator to focus on completing the task at hand instead of on controlling the robot. We previously proposed that modifying the mapping from human movement to desired robot movement might improve the transparency of teleoperators in ways similar to adding sensory feedback. Specifically, we created non-Cartesian motion mappings that correct for systematic reaching errors made by humans, so that the robot motion resembles the operator's intent rather than his or her produced movement. This article presents a study that compares subjects' performance on a virtual teleoperated targeting task under three different motion mappings: a Cartesian-scaling motion mapping that is typically implemented in teleoperators, a corrective variable-similarity motion mapping that is fit to aggregate data from subjects in a previous study, and a corrective variable-similarity motion mapping that is fit to calibration data collected from each subject. Twelve participants reached toward 120 targets under each of the three motion mappings with balanced random presentation order and a washout task between conditions. Subjects were able to complete the targeting task with higher accuracy in the initial direction of robot motion, at higher speeds, and with more natural and efficient reaching movements under the variable-similarity motion mappings. Subjects also overwhelmingly preferred the variable-similarity motion mappings. These results indicate that subjects experienced a higher level of transparency when using the virtual teleoperator with the variable-similarity motion mappings than with the standard Cartesian mapping. Therefore, mappings that correct for systematic errors in human motion, such as the variable-similarity motion mappings tested here, should be considered in teleoperator design.
The Challenges That Face Restaurants in Attracting and Meeting the Needs of the Mature Customer

Abstract The physiological and psychological changes that older customers experience demand a more sedulous look by restaurants in order to better understand the wants and needs of this consumer. This paper discusses factors that affect appetite and nutrition of older customers and obstacles that inhibit their restaurant patronage. The paper provides ways of addressing these issues to attract this segment of the population and increase the quality of their dining experience.
Heat Transfer During Evaporation and Boiling at the Three Phase Contact Line Region: A Critical Review

A fundamental understanding of the various modes of heat transfer and their contributions is critical in the development of enhanced surfaces to augment boiling performance. Recently, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of contact line region in boiling-especially in applications involving thin film evaporation and wicking structures. Contact line region also plays an important role during heat transfer around a nucleating bubble, especially at higher bubble frequencies near critical heat flux (CHF). In this work, a review of the characteristics of the contact line region, the forces at play, and the associated heat transfer mechanisms is conducted. Experimental and analytical works on the contact line region are explored to develop a comprehensive picture of its physical and heat transfer behavior. Various optical and thermal measurement techniques employed by researchers to understand evaporation in the contact line region are also reviewed. The interaction of different forces in this region and the analytical models for predicting the forces is studied. Finally, the contribution of microlayer and contact line heat transfer in nucleate boiling is also presented.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
HEAT CAPACITY OF YBa2Cu3O7−δ NEAR Tc

The exceptionally short Ginzburg-Landau coherence length of the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ makes possible the observation of fluctuation effects near the transition from the normal to the superconducting state. At the time of this writing, observations of fluctuation contributions to the electrical conductivity,1 magnetic susceptibility2 and thermopower3 have been reported. Excess contributions to the heat capacity (Cfl) due to thermal fluctuations, though far more difficult to observe, have been noted by several researchers.4 The heat capacity measurements are of particular interest, as a comparison of Cfl above and below Tc may elucidate the number of components of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) order parameter and hence the nature of the pairing. The behavior of the heat capacity in an applied magnetic field is distinctly different from that of an ordinary superconductor.5 We summarize here our results on heat capacity measurements in zero field and in an applied magnetic field.
Coupled Orbit-Attitude Dynamics in the Three-Body Problem: A Family of Orbit-Attitude Periodic Solutions

Many relatively new techniques are being developed to incorporate the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem model into the early stages of the trajectory design. However, the attitude mission profile mostly remains reliant on methods established for Keplerian dynamics. A coupled orbit-attitude model might leverage the Circular Restricted ThreeBody Problem dynamics to explore alternative, possibly more effective, profiles also in terms of the attitude response. The goal of this analysis is a nontrivial solution that is periodic both in its orbital and attitude states, when observed from the rotating frame. In the current investigation, tools largely employed for the orbital analysis (e.g., Floquet theory, differential corrections and continuation schemes) are effectively applied also in the coupled orbit-attitude problem. Organized and predictable motion appears to naturally exist under certain conditions in such a model. As an example, a new family of orbit-attitude periodic solutions is detailed.
Mach-Zehnder interferometry for detecting side cooling uniformity of laser medium

For detecting side cooling uniformity of laser medium,a detecting method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer is presented.Theoretical analysis indicates that the interference fringe produced by a reference beam and a beam passing the medium is also isotherm on the radial face of the laser medium.The simulations on the temperature fields of uniformly and nonuniformly cooled mediums by heat analysis software indicate that: if the interference fringe is circle with the center of the radial face as the center,the sides of the medium contact closely with the copper cooler,the medium is cooled uniformly.If the interference fringe is distorted to a certain direction,the medium contacts loosely with the copper cooler in the direction.In the experiment,a distorted interference fringe is obtained by detecting a 3 mm×3 mm×5 mm sized,a-cut,0.5% Nd3+-doped Nd∶YVO_4 embedded in a copper cooler.A circular interference fringe is obtained after reassembling the copper cooler according to the distorted direction of the distorted interference fringe.Experimental result agrees with the theoretical analysis very well,it has proved that Mach-Zehnder interferometry can detect side cooling uniformity of laser medium.
Conditions for Countergradient Diffusion of Oxygen through a Hemoglobin Barrier

Diffusion against a concentration gradient is often observed in biological systems. In most cases such countergradient diffusion is accompanied by an energy producing metabolic process. This is termed an active transport process. Countergradient diffusion can also take place in a passive transport process, the energy is then supplied by another species diffusing in the direction of its gradient. Such countergradient diffusion can take place in the oxygen-carbon monoxide-hemoglobin system. Carboxyhemoglobin diffuses in the direction of the carbon monoxide gradient. To maintain a material balance hemoglobin must then diffuse back and can carry small amounts of oxygen against a concentration gradient of oxygen. The conditions for such countergradient diffusion are described by solutions of the coupled differential equations of diffusion.
Effects of rheumatic disease and corticosteroid treatment on calcium metabolism and bone density in children assessed one year after diagnosis, using stable isotopes and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Objective To evaluate calcium (Ca) metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in children with rheumatic disease (RD) at diagnosis and one year later, and effects of different therapies. Methods We used dual tracer isotope studies and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure Ca metabolism and BMD in 13 children with RD at diagnosis and one year later. Seven subjects were treated with steroids (RD-ST), 6 with antiinflammatory agents (RD-NS), excluding steroids. Results Ca balance data for RD subjects were not significantly different from data reported previously for healthy sex and age matched controls. True Ca absorption (Va) was slightly but not significantly greater at study entry in RD-NS subjects (313+/-67 vs 239+/-112 mg/day in RD-ST subjects; p = 0.13). Calculated Ca balance retention (Vbal) was higher at entry in RD-NS (200+/-51 vs RD-ST 60+/-125 mg/day; p = 0.08). One year later, Vbal remained higher in RD-NS (202+/-77 mg/day vs RD-ST 101+/-157 mg/day; p = 0.02). BMD was similar in both groups at entry (RD-NS 0.81+/-0.06 g/cm2 vs RD-ST 0.89+/-0.1 g/cm2; p = 0.07). One year later, BMD was 0.86+/-0.6 g/cm2 in RD-NS versus 0.89+/-0.08 g/cm2 in RD-ST; p = 0.07. Ca kinetic and DEXA studies did not reveal significant alteration of Ca kinetics or significantly lower BMD in steroid treated subjects versus non-steroid treated subjects. However, slightly lower Va and Vbal indicated a possible risk of bone demineralization in steroid treated subjects. Conclusion Children with RD who are treated with steroids may be at greater risk of bone demineralization at diagnosis that persists through the first year. However, bone loss may take years to manifest when measured by quantitative methods such as DEXA.
Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Clinical Guide

Preface. The nature of normal and abnormal personality organization. Empirical development of transference-focused psychotherapy. Strategies of transference-focused psychotherapy. Assessment phase: clinical evaluation and treatment selection. Establishing the treatment frame: contracting, medication, and adjunctive treatments. Techniques of treatment: moment-to-moment interventions and mechanisms of change. Tactics of treatment and clinical challenges. Early treatment phase: tests of the frame, impulse containment, and identifying dyads. Midphase of treatment: movement toward integration with episodes of regression. Advanced phase of treatment and termination. Trajectories of change in transference-focused psychotherapy. References. Index.
Two-dimensional electron gas hot-electron mixers for millimeter waves and submillimeter waves

Present state-of-the-art Schottky and SIS mixer receiver noise temperatures (T RX ) range from roughly 300K at 0.3 THz to 3000K at 1 THz, while TRT RX for InSb hot electron mixers varies from 300K to 500K in the same frequency range. It is natural to ascribe the much more gradual frequency dependence of T RX for the hot electron mixer to its bulk nature, which minimizes parasitic reactances. A hot electron mixer requires an electron gas with high mobility which can be heated by the LO power, and a change in the mobility or carrier concentration as a result of this heating. Smith et al. (1987) pointed out that the two-dimensional electron gas in the channel of FIFET devices at liquid helium temperatures constitutes a potentially excellent nonlinear medium of the required type, which would also attain a much wider IF bandwidth than the InSb mixer (GHz versus a few MHz).
Dentate gyrus mossy cells control spontaneous convulsive seizures and spatial memory

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by debilitating, recurring seizures and an increased risk for cognitive deficits. Mossy cells (MCs) are key neurons in the hippocampal excitatory circuit, and the partial loss of MCs is a major hallmark of TLE. We investigated how MCs contribute to spontaneous ictal activity and to spatial contextual memory in a mouse model of TLE with hippocampal sclerosis, using a combination of optogenetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches. In chronically epileptic mice, real-time optogenetic modulation of MCs during spontaneous hippocampal seizures controlled the progression of activity from an electrographic to convulsive seizure. Decreased MC activity is sufficient to impede encoding of spatial context, recapitulating observed cognitive deficits in chronically epileptic mice.
PS3:45 Spatial-time cluster analysis of sle disease activity

Background Cluster detection is an essential tool in the public health domain with the goal of detecting anomalous clusters of disease cases. We performed a spatial-time cluster analysis of the Johns Hopkins Lupus cohort with the goal of identifying potential spatial-time clusters of SLE organ specific disease activity. Methods 1844 patients who fulfil 4 of the 11 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE and who had recorded home addresses were included in the analysis. Cluster detection analysis in both space and time of disease activity expressed as Physician Global Estimate (PGA) was performed. The area utilised in this analysis was a 350 kilometre radial buffer around the Johns Hopkins Lupus Centre, and included all of Maryland, Delaware, and District of Columbia, as well as parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, and West Virginia. This area was considered due to the high and consistent density of study participants. The data ranged from 1987 to 2017, with the spring, summer, fall, and winter seasons serving as time units for the temporal based analyses. Results CNS, renal, and joint flares have both seasonal patterns as well as large-scale multi-year trends. CNS flares clustered between Annapolis, MD and Frederick, MD between 1987 and 2000, renal flares clustered in central Maryland and northern Virginia between 2002 and 2006 and and a joint flare cluster included Delaware, Delaware Bay area, and Chesapeake Bay area between 2003 and 2014. Maps were generated highlighting the study area, flares, and identified clusters from all analyses. The space-time effects of environmental and demographic variables on the identified clusters will be considered in subsequent analysis. Conclusions We describe the first space-time clusters of lupus organ-specific disease activity strongly supporting the role of environmental factors as drivers of lupus activity.
Modelling non‐stationary multivariate time series of counts via common factors

We develop a new parameter‐driven model for multivariate time series of counts. The time series is not necessarily stationary. We model the mean process as the product of modulating factors and unobserved stationary processes. The former characterizes the long‐run movement in the data, whereas the latter is responsible for rapid fluctuations and other unknown or unavailable covariates. The unobserved stationary processes evolve independently of the past observed counts and might interact with each other. We express the multivariate unobserved stationary processes as a linear combination of possibly low dimensional factors that govern the contemporaneous and serial correlation within and across the observed counts. Regression coefficients in the modulating factors are estimated via pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimation, and identification of common factor(s) is carried out through eigenanalysis on a positive definite matrix that pertains to the autocovariance of the observed counts at non‐zero lags. Theoretical validity of the two‐step estimation procedure is documented. In particular, we establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator in the first step and the convergence rate of the second‐step estimator. We also present an exhaustive simulation study to examine the finite sample performance of the estimators, and numerical results corroborate our theoretical findings. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed model through an application to the numbers of National Science Foundation fundings awarded to seven research universities from January 2001 to December 2012.
Immunosuppressive and Anti-inflammatory Molecules That Maintain Immune Privilege of the Eye

The ocular microenvironment has adapted several anti-inflammatory and immunoregulating mechanisms to establish an immune privileged tissue site. These mechanisms are mediated by the constitutive presence of specific soluble proteins and peptides within the ocular microenvironment. These soluble factors prevent the initiation of inflammatory activity by innate and adaptive immune cells. They actively promote immune cells to express regulatory functionalities to promote an anti-inflammatory tissue microenvironment. The discovery of these factors demonstrates that the healthy immunobiology of the ocular microenvironment is a dynamic manipulation of immune cells to protect the visual axis from the irreparable damage of inflammation.
Effect of hypoxia on laryngeal reflex apnea--implications for sudden infant death.

Apnea was elicited by the application of chemical stimuli to the laryngeal region of 25 piglets from 1 to 70 days of age. Animals were tested under normoxic and hypoxic (Flo2 10%) conditions with w...
Temporal changes in myocardial collagen, matrix metalloproteinases, and their tissue inhibitors in the left ventricular myocardium in experimental chronic mitral regurgitation in rodents

In this rodent model of severe mitral regurgitation that mimics the human condition, eccentric left ventricular dilatation occurred rapidly and persisted over the 20-wk period with parallel changes...
Repository Corticotropin Versus Glucocorticoid for Nephrotic Syndrome: When Will We See the Evidence?

Despite little evidence supporting its superiority to glucocorticoid therapy, use and expenditures for repository corticotropin (rACTH) injection (H.P. Acthar Gel; Mallinckrodt) have increased dramatically in the last 5 years, particularly among a small number of nephrologists, rheumatologists, and neurologists. Recently, the manufacturer justified the extremely high and rapidly increasing cost of rACTH by citing the ongoing need to generate clinical data to support its use. We test this assertion by investigating the quality and provenance of the evidence likely to emerge in the foreseeable future. We identified all completed, in-progress, and proposed studies of rACTH registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. 75 studies representing 2,953 participants met inclusion criteria. Studies addressed primarily nephrologic (n = 23), rheumatologic (n = 28), and neurologic (n =22) indications. Of the 23 studies proposed for renal indications (enrollment, 33 ± 49 [mean ± SD]), 11 were not randomized, 8 compared only different rACTH treatment regimens, and 4 compared rACTH to placebo. No studies of rACTH proposed for renal indications included an rACTH-free arm receiving active treatment (ie, another form of immunosuppression). We conclude that evidence emerging in the foreseeable future is unlikely to broadly support rACTH use over lower-cost glucocorticoid-based alternatives for renal indications.
600.60 Is Surgery Really Better than MitraClip? Meta Analysis Evaluating Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-Term Mortality in Patients Undergoing MitraClip Vs Surgery

Percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip is a promising alternative to traditional mitral valve surgery in patients with severe, symptomatic mitral regurgitation. Impact of MitraClip on survival compared to mitral valve surgery is not known. PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were
Evidence of bias during liver transplant evaluation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and a major source of post-transplant mortality. We sought to examine the effect of comorbidities on listing for orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) in NASH patients. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients (n = 955) referred to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center for OLT between January 2002 and September 2011 and followed their outcomes through March 2018. RESULTS Compared with non-NASH patients (n = 881), NASH patients (n = 74) were older, more likely female, more overweight, with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension and CVD. NASH patients were less likely to be listed for OLT (55% vs 68.9%, P = 0.01) and were more often declined for 'medical comorbidities' (36.1% vs 15.7%, P < 0.001). However, on multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of listing were model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (OR 1.04, P = 0.01), HCC (OR 2.16, P = 0.01), and diagnosis of non-NASH cirrhosis (OR 2.56, P = 0.003) while controlling for comorbidities. NASH patients declined for OLT died primarily from their liver disease and were not more likely to die from CVD than non-NASH patients. There was no difference in outcomes of NASH vs non-NASH patients on the waitlist and post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates potential bias against NASH patients referred for OLT arising from heightened concern for comorbidities. Despite being declined for comorbidities, NASH patients are likely to die of their liver disease.
Stability Preserving Maps

Linear Algebra has played a fundamental role in the development of System Theory over the last four decades. It not only has been the vehicle for expressing important dynamic system properties but it has also provided a framework for generating new insights about system behavior. In this paper we explore the connection between simultaneous stabilization of a family of linear plants and stability preserving properties of certain matrices. We see that this formulation leads to the development of necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stabilization. It also provides new insight into robust controller synthesis of SISO and MIMO plant families.
Student public service value priorities

Debates about trade-offs among values are central to the field of public administration and to graduate education in public affairs. Accreditation guidelines from the Network of Schools of Public P...
The Roles of Sex and Physical Activity in Gait and Knee Extensor Function With Age.

Older females experience higher rates of disability than males, potentially due to sex-specific differences in gait and muscle function. The authors evaluated the effects of age and physical activi...
Finding My Diabetes Community

For some time now, “Get involved with diabetes community” has been on my to-do list. I am a physician with type 1 diabetes, but I’m not an endocrinologist; rather, I’m a pediatric hospitalist. At my institution, as I expect is true at other academic centers, many of the physicians, nurses, and ancillary staff in the Division of Endocrinology have diabetes. There is a community within a community that doubles as a support system. My own work community is supportive, but I’m all alone when it comes to having others really understand my day-to-day life with diabetes. To find a true diabetes community, I would need to look beyond the walls of the wards. I hoped to connect with a group that mirrored the camaraderie I’ve only experienced at diabetes camp. I have been both a counselor and a doctor at diabetes camps in the past, and I love the sense of community that camps create. I’ve even heard from many who attend camp and don’t have diabetes that they feel left out! Diabetes camp truly is a unique society and was the one place in my life where my diabetes didn’t draw …
Fundamental conditions on the sampling pattern for union of low-rank subspaces retrieval

This paper is concerned with investigating the fundamental conditions on the locations of the sampled entries, i.e., sampling pattern, for finite completability of a matrix that represents the union of several subspaces with given ranks. In contrast with the existing analysis on Grassmannian manifold for the conventional matrix completion, we propose a geometric analysis on the manifold structure for the union of several subspaces to incorporate all given rank constraints simultaneously. In order to obtain the deterministic conditions on the sampling pattern, we characterizes the algebraic independence of a set of polynomials defined based on the sampling pattern, which is closely related to finite completion. We also give a probabilistic condition in terms of the number of samples per column, i.e., the sampling probability, which leads to finite completability with high probability. Furthermore, using the proposed geometric analysis for finite completability, we characterize sufficient conditions on the sampling pattern that ensure there exists only one completion for the sampled data.
Hope in the Shadows: Testing the Immigrant Optimism Hypothesis Among College Aspirational Latino Students

Scholars have proposed that immigrant optimism explains why some immigrant students outperform their United States-born peers academically. Yet, immigrant optimism has not been directly measured. This study aims to test the immigrant optimism hypothesis by operationalizing it using the Children's Hope Scale. Using structural equation modeling, the author examined the associations between hope, immigrant generation, citizenship status, and academic outcomes among a sample of 2,369 Latino 14- to 17-year-old students. Though no difference by immigrant generation was found, undocumented students were more hopeful than their documented peers. This finding suggests that the documentation status has an indirect relative effect on academic outcomes via hope. This article reexamines the immigrant optimism as a resource that could be fostered among Latino youth, regardless of immigrant status.