cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ex Africa semper aliquid novi.

Three hundred fourteen years ago on July 21, 1699, a French physician and apothecary, Charles Jacques Poncet, arrived in Gondar, Ethiopia.1 Gondar is the site of a study of physician satisfaction with laboratory service that this commentary considers.2 The study’s period is much more recent than that of Poncet’s adventure—the satisfaction survey at Gondar University Hospital was carried out only last year (March 1–25, 2012)—but Poncet’s experience, the first contact of modern Western medicine with Ethiopian society, can serve to introduce Gondar. Three centuries after Poncet’s Ethiopian sojourn, many North American and European physicians and medical scientists, including readers of this journal, find themselves drawn to practice in Africa. Besides East African and other practitioners in resource-limited settings, these Western medical venturers into sub-Saharan medical settings will find the report of Addis and colleagues2 of interest. Jacques Poncet was practicing in Cairo, Egypt, when representatives of the emperor of Ethiopia, the negus , engaged him to venture up the Nile to treat the emperor for a skin ailment.1 Poncet found reaching his patient, Iya’su I “the Great,” a challenge. It took a year to journey up the Nile. Poncet rode into Gondar debilitated by a gastrointestinal illness, probably dysentery, that had just claimed the life of his colleague, Pere Charles FX de Brevedent, SJ; Father de Brevedent, Poncet’s sole European companion, had succumbed just 12 days before the physician finally reached Gondar. African practice continues to present logistical obstacles and risks not usually experienced in resource-rich settings. The Gondar that Poncet entered was a major Ethiopian religious, cultural, and political center. In Poncet’s time, Gondar drew European missionaries such as Pere de Brevedent because it was the center of Ethiopian Coptic Christianity. Now, in the early 21st century, the Ethiopian Church is the largest Monophysite Christian …
The Irony of Ethics: (De)Coding the Lived Experience of Women and Minority Faculty

What does it mean to ‘be’ an ethical faculty member? A number of scholars point to legal and moral issues, aligning ethics with professional codes and regulated by institutional policy. From this perspective, being ethical is a matter of knowing and following the professional rules—the goal is to avoid certain actions. On the other hand, others question this objectivist approach and position faculty ethics as an experience, a fusion of personal and professional histories that include disciplinary training, socialization to the profession, and—especially—the specter of faculty rewards such as tenure and promotion. This article explores these competing perspectives in a qualitative meta-synthesis of data collected across studies of faculty identity, professional epistemology, and academic ethics. Analysis concentrates on 116 interviews with women and minority doctoral students and faculty members conducted between 1999 and 2012, a subset of more than 200 interviews I conducted during this timeframe. All interviews were initially coded using constant comparative analysis. For the meta-synthesis, I chose to apply an elaborative coding technique that juxtaposes data with the ethics literature related to chilly and alienating climates , cultural taxation , and the snare of faculty rewards in higher education. This (re)analysis allowed me engage in a formal dialogue between local theory and scholarship, resulting in six sub-themes: ‘real’izing, acting out/in, toiling, serving, aligning, and diverging. Findings and discussion concentrate on questioning the traditional definition of faculty ethics, linking experiences to existing scholarship, and supporting the method of metasynthesis across qualitative longitudinal inquiry.
Parental Influence on Children during Educational Television Viewing in Immigrant Families

It has been suggested by researchers that educational television programmes may support the language and literacy development for children, especially those in immigrant families. In an immigrant family, many family characteristics appear to be related to educational television programme viewing of children at home, for example, parental acculturation (the process of adapting to the new culture) and parental mediation (supervision and guidance) of television viewing. In the present work, the parental influence on children during educational television viewing was studied quantitatively, based on a sample (n = 171) of immigrant families with children aged 3–6 years collected across the U.S. The results have revealed that significant differences existed between Asian and Hispanic groups in coviewing mediation and in their children's educational television viewing. Furthermore, language in parental acculturation significantly predicted instructive and restrictive parental mediation, and parental occupation significantly predicted language in parental acculturation. This study initiates the attention to the topic of educational television viewing in immigrant families, which warrants further investigations in the future as the Asian and Hispanic immigrant population increases rapidly in the U.S. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetoresistance in an asymmetric Ga 1-x Mn x As resonant tunneling diode

In a GaMnAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structure, we observe that both the magnitude and polarity of magnetoresistance are bias dependent when tunneling from a three-dimensional GaMnAs layer through a two-dimensional GaMnAs quantum well. This magnetoresistance behavior results from a shift of negative differential resistance features to higher bias as the relative alignment of the GaMnAs layer magnetizations is changed from parallel to antiparallel. Our observations agree with recent predictions from a theoretical analysis of a similar $n$-type structure by Ertler and Fabian, and our results suggest that further investigation into ferromagnetic RTD structures may result in significantly enhanced magnetoresistance.
Evaluating multiple approaches for managing western corn rootworm larvae with seed blends

Corn rootworm, Diabrotica spp., larvae represent a significant and widespread economic threat to corn, Zea mays (L.), production in the United States, where control costs and yield losses associated with these insect pests exceed $1 billion annually. Preventing root injury and associated yield loss caused by corn rootworm larvae may be accomplished by the independent use of planting time soil insecticides or transgenic Bt hybrids. However, recent reports of both confirmed and suspected Bt resistance in corn rootworm populations throughout the Corn Belt have led to significant interest in the use of these two management tactics simultaneously. Although this approach has been investigated to some extent previously, information is lacking on how the use of a soil insecticide in tandem with a Bt seed blend—Bt and refuge (non-Bt) seed mixed into a single product—may affect root protection and yield. We describe an experiment including six trial sites conducted over a three-year period where various seed blends and soil insecticide/seed blend combinations were evaluated. The predominant species contributing to root injury across all sites was the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A weighted technique is presented for evaluating root injury for seed blends that offers a reliable estimate of product performance. The addition of a soil insecticide to the seed blend treatments never resulted in significantly improved root protection and failed to provide a consistent yield benefit. Our results suggest that a soil insecticide/seed blend combination approach is not warranted. Additionally, a subanalysis performed on individual refuge and nearby Bt root systems for seed blend treatments provides insight into the spatial characteristics of root injury in seed blend scenarios.
Millenarian Machines in South Vietnam

The persistent vitality of groups that are neither traditional nor modern nor transitional poses one of the most stubborn conceptual and practical problems of political development. An examination of the political-religious sects of South Vietnam from the perspective of the paradox of non-modern and untraditional institutionalization questions the common hypothesis of unilinear development. It is facile to assume that such groups as tribes, castes, or millenarian movements will conveniently wither away under the onslaught of modernity or to condemn them as causes of the lack of development in the new states. Far from being aberrant vestiges of a past that is being overcome, the sects are but particular manifestations of historic and contemporary factionalism. What South Vietnam lacks is not a vigorous development of sub-national groups but a central government with responsive and directive capacity. Without such a center the concept of a system becomes meaningless and the sects have little reason for seeking security in interaction rather than incapsulation.
Asbestos Bodies and Non-asbestos Ferruginous Bodies

Asbestos bodies are the histologic hallmark of exposure to asbestos [1–4]. These structures are golden brown, beaded or segmented, dumbbell-shaped objects that have a characteristic microscopic appearance that is readily recognized by the pathologist. Their identification in histologic sections is an important component of the pathologic diagnosis of asbestosis (see Chap. 4), and their presence serves to alert the pathologist that the patient has been exposed to airborne asbestos fibers. It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss the structure and development of asbestos bodies as well as their occurrence and distribution within human tissues. In addition, techniques for the quantification of asbestos bodies are reviewed, along with the relationship of asbestos body formation to the various types of asbestos fibers. Finally, the distinction of asbestos bodies from other ferruginous bodies based on light microscopic and analytical electron microscopic observations is emphasized. The identification and significance of asbestos bodies in cytologic specimens is discussed in Chap. 9, and the relationship between asbestos body concentrations in pulmonary tissues and the various asbestos-associated diseases is reviewed in Chap. 11.
Embolic central retinal artery occlusion after subcutaneous auricular steroid injection

A healthy 12-year-old boy had a subcutaneous triamcinolone acetonide steroid injection at the site of a keloid on his left earlobe in November, 2008, at a plastic surgery clinic. Within 5 min, he developed left-sided facial numbness, diaphoresis, dizziness, hypaesthesia of the left side of the mouth and tongue, left upper lid ptosis, and nearly complete vision loss in his left eye. Several hours later his systemic symptoms had resolved, he had regained partial vision in his left eye, and his right eye was asymptomatic. On examination by a retina specialist he was noted to have a visual acuity of 20/400 as well as multiple white steroid emboli in the retinal arteries of his left eye (fi gure). He also had diff use retinal whitening in the macula and other regions of the retina consistent with a central retinal artery occlusion (fi gure). 3 days later, his visual acuity improved to 20/150. This case represents a vision-threatening and potentially fatal complication of subcutaneous auricular steroid injection. Subcutaneous injections of dermal fi llers and corticosteroids are done in many specialties such as dermatology, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and ophthalmology. Corticosteroid injections in the face, including the orbit, eyelids, nose, oral cavity, and maxilla, have been reported to cause ocular embolic events such as anterior segment ischaemia, branch and central retinal artery occlusions, and ophthalmic artery occlusions. Due to diff use anastomoses in the facial arterial system, facial injections can cause retrograde embolisation of the ophthalmic or central retinal arteries. This may cause severe, irreversible vision loss. For all injections within the face, good practice is to aspirate before injection and to inject as slowly as possible in order to limit forces that could propel emboli. Patients with visual problems after steroid injection should have immediate ophthal mological evaluation to allow intervention that might improve visual acuity. In embolic central retinal artery occlusion, ocular massage and reduction of intraocular pressure (by anterior chamber paracentesis and intraocular pressure lowering drugs) might help to mobilise emboli and restore ocular blood fl ow, although evidence that this could help is scarce.
The NHPRC/Mellon Foundation Fellowship in Archives Administration: Structured Training on the Job

Since 1985 the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, supported in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, has sponsored a fellowship program in archival administration designed to provide professional archivists an opportunity to develop practical administrative skills through appointments at selected archival repositories. This article traces the history of the fellowship program and analyzes its value for fellows, host institutions, and the profession as a whole.Judith Endelman outlines the basic structure of the fellowship and chronicles its evolution. She identifies several factors crucial to the success of a fellowship experience and discusses ways in which the program might be strengthened.Joel Wurl presents the results of a survey of the fellows and host institution project directors from the first two years. Overall, participants reported satisfaction with their experiences, but noted some structural weaknesses, including the desire, expressed by project directors, for a larger...
Comparison of four methods of measuring self-esteem.

Several scholars (e.g., Wylie, 1974) have proposed that examination of the results from studies of self-esteem would be facilitated if more information were available about the relationships among various methods of measuring self-esteem. Four methods particularly useful for researchers because of the ease with which they can be administered and scored are: (1) Eagly's version of the Janis-Field Feelings of Inadequacy Scale, (2) Diggory's version of Cutick's Self-description Inventory, (3) Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, scored as a Likert-type scale, and ( 4 ) Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, scored as a Guttman scale. These measures, as presented in Robinson and Shaver (1973). were administered to 194 male and 248 female introductory psychology smdents in order ro selecr individuals for future research. Irem order from Measure 1 was randomized.
Effect of Riboflavin-low Diets upon Nerves, Growth, and Reproduction in the Rat.∗:

Summary and Conclusions1. The severe nerve degeneration characteristic of growing chicks fed a riboflavin-low ration failed to occur in rats maintained on a similar ration. 2. A ration low in riboflavin for the chick had no adverse effect upon reproduction in the rat. 3. This ration apparently lacks a growth-promoting factor for the rat. The addition of nicotinic acid did not improve the ration.
A New Genus of Eurotiaceae From Soil

During the course of an intensive search for members of the Eurotiales an interesting member of this group was isolated from a soil sample from Pimpri, Poona, India. The fungus was isolated by the dilution plate method and cultured on various media including potato-dextrose agar, glucose-yeast extract agar and Czapek's agar. On potato-dextrose agar the fungus grows rather slowly at room temperature (24 C) attaining a diameter of 3.6 cm in 7 days. The colony is white, flat, floccose with a dingy ochre-white center, which with prolonged incubation gradually becomes light-grayish ochre. The colony reverse is white becoming grayish to orange-ochre with age. The fungus grows rapidly at higher temperature, attaining a diameter of 7.5 cm in 7 days at 37 C. The rate of growth at room temperature on glucose-yeast extract agar is similar to that on potato-dextrose agar but is comparatively more rapid at higher temperatures. At 37 C the colony attains a diameter of more than 9 cm in 6 days. The mycelium turns ochre to wine in color and is comparatively less floccose than at 24 C. On Czapek's agar, the growth rates are comparatively slower than those on the other two media at all the temperatures investigated. The colonies at 24 C are very similar to those on potato-dextrose agar and glucose-yeast extract agar but at higher temperatures (32, 37 C) the amount of the aerial mycelium is greatly reduced and the growth appears moist and submerged. The mycelium on all the above media is well developed, branched, sparsely septate and hyaline to light-grayish. The hyphae do not form ropy strands or rhizomorphs. The reproductive structures develop from erect branches.
Effects of alterations in peripheral resistance on left ventricular function.

SummaryThe effects of increasing or decreasing peripheral resistance on heart rate, left ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, stroke work, cardiac work and aortic pressure were investigated in 51 open-chest acute experiments. The results show a decrease in cardiac output, heart rate, and cardiac work with an increase in systemic resistance. Aortic pressure increased, but stroke work showed no consistent relationship to an increase in resistance. Stroke volume increased in approximately one-half of the animals when resistance was increased, accompanied by a decrease in heart rate. Cardiac output, stroke volume, cardiac work and stroke work all increased in response to a decrease in systemic resistance, accompanied by smaller changes in heart rate and aortic pressure. Right atrial pressure also increased significantly when resistance was decreased.
Structure of human PIR1, an atypical dual-specificity phosphatase.

PIR1 is an atypical dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) that dephosphorylates RNA with a higher specificity than phosphoproteins. Here we report the atomic structure of a catalytically inactive mutant (C152S) of the human PIR1 phosphatase core (PIR1-core, residues 29–205), refined at 1.20 A resolution. PIR1-core shares structural similarities with DSPs related to Vaccinia virus VH1 and with RNA 5′-phosphatases such as the baculovirus RNA triphosphatase and the human mRNA capping enzyme. The PIR1 active site cleft is wider and deeper than that of VH1 and contains two bound ions: a phosphate trapped above the catalytic cysteine C152 exemplifies the binding mode expected for the γ-phosphate of RNA, and ∼6 A away, a chloride ion coordinates the general base R158. Two residues in the PIR1 phosphate-binding loop (P-loop), a histidine (H154) downstream of C152 and an asparagine (N157) preceding R158, make close contacts with the active site phosphate, and their nonaliphatic side chains are essential for phosphata...
The Story of a Stalwart Man: The Life of Braxton Craven

(1939). The Story of a Stalwart Man: The Life of Braxton Craven. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 464-464.
Low-Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes of a Bulky Bis(carbene)borate Ligand

The bulky bis(carbene)borate ligand H2B(tBuIm)2– allows for the synthesis of three- and four-coordinate iron(II) complexes, including heteroleptic H2B(tBuIm)2FeN(TMS)2 and homoleptic [H2B(tBuIm)2]2Fe. The magnetic properties of these coordinatively unsaturated complexes have been characterized by SQUID magnetometry, but no evidence of single-molecule magnet behavior is observed, despite large negative uniaxial zero field splitting. The three-coordinate complex H2B(tBuIm)2FeN(TMS)2 serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the four-coordinate mixed carbene complex H2B(tBuIm)2(iPr2Im)FeCl, which has a coordination environment similar to that found in tris(carbene)borate iron(II) chloride complexes. Despite this similarity, attempts to prepare the corresponding iron(IV) nitride were unsuccessful, suggesting that subtle structural factors are critical to stabilizing this species.
Monitoring and Analysis of Individual Dose among Radiation Workers from 2003—2006

[Objective] To understand monitoring results of individual dose among radiation workers from 2003—2006,so as to evaluate occupational hazard and protective effect.[Methods] According to "personal dose radiotherapy staff monitoring methods," TLD method was used to monitoring.[Results] External annual person average dose equivalents of radiation workers in Zhaoqing city was between 0.34～0.53 mSv/a.[Conclusion] It is safe for radiation workers to work under current conditions,however some township-level hospitals' protection conditions should be strengthened and self-protection awareness of radiation worker should be improved.
Lake spray aerosol generation: a method for producing representativeparticles from freshwater wave breaking

Abstract. Wave-breaking action in bodies of freshwater produces atmospheric aerosols via a similar mechanism to sea spray aerosol (SSA) from seawater. The term lake spray aerosol (LSA) is proposed to describe particles formed by this mechanism, which have been observed over the Laurentian Great Lakes. Though LSA has been identified from size distribution measurements during a single measurement campaign, no measurements of LSA composition or relationship to bubble-bursting dynamics have been conducted. An LSA generator utilizing a plunging jet, similar to many SSA generators, was constructed for the generation of aerosol from freshwater samples and model salt solutions. To evaluate this new generator, bubble and aerosol number size distributions were measured for salt solutions representative of freshwater (CaCO3) and seawater (NaCl) at concentrations ranging from that of freshwater to seawater (0.05–35 g kg−1), synthetic seawater (inorganic), synthetic freshwater (inorganic), and a freshwater sample from Lake Michigan. Following validation of the bubble and aerosol size distributions using synthetic seawater, a range of salt concentrations were investigated. The systematic studies of the model salts, synthetic freshwater, and Lake Michigan sample indicate that LSA is characterized by a larger number size distribution mode diameter of 300 nm (lognormal), compared to seawater at 110 nm. Decreasing salt concentrations from seawater to freshwater led to greater bubble coalescence and formation of larger bubbles, which generated larger particles and lower aerosol number concentrations. This resulted in a bimodal number size distribution with a primary mode (180 ± 20 nm) larger than that of SSA, as well as a secondary mode (46 ± 6 nm) smaller than that of SSA. This new method for studying LSA under isolated conditions is needed as models, at present, utilize SSA parameterizations for freshwater systems, which do not accurately predict the different size distributions observed for LSA or resulting climate properties. Given the abundance of freshwater globally, this potentially important source of aerosol needs to be thoroughly characterized, as the sizes produced are relevant to light scattering, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and ice nuclei (IN) concentrations over bodies of freshwater.
A longitudinal examination of the influence of a smoke-free law on the bar–crime relationship

AbstractResearchers frequently identify relationships between categories of facilities and crime, particularly between alcohol-serving businesses and violent crimes. One question facing this resear...
The association between urban trees and crime: Evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer in Cincinnati

The ecological impact of invasive tree pests is increasing worldwide. However, invasive tree pests may also have significant social costs. We investigated the association between the emerald ash borer (EAB)—an invasive tree pest first discovered in the US in 2002—and crime in Cincinnati, Ohio. We used a natural experimental approach, and compared crime (in 11 classes) on census block groups infested with EAB with crime on block groups not infested with EAB between 2005 and 2014. We accounted for demographic and biological differences between infested and un-infested block groups using propensity-score weighting. EAB infestation was significantly and positively associated with relative increases in crime in all but four crime categories. Our results suggest that invasive tree pests may be associated with social costs worth considering when managing invasive species. By extension, healthy trees may provide significant social benefits.
Comparative Study on the Opinion about Mental Illness of Two Differentially Sensitized Rural Populations — “Helen’s Case”

Since the late 50s when questionnaires were constructed to investigate the attitudes toward mental illness, a considerable amount of work has been directed to identifying those factors suspected to contribute to the shaping of these attitudes. This is reflected in more than two hundred relevant papers in international bibliography. There are some among these papers which stand out for their wound methodology and documentation1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Rabkin9 recently reviewed the literature. The majority of the reported papers concern those involved in the labeling, care and treatment of mental patients.
Homicide in the biblical world

Homicide in the Biblical World analyses the treatment of homicide in the Hebrew Bible and demonstrates that it is directly linked to the unique social structure and religion of ancient Israel. Close parallels between biblical law and ancient Near Eastern law are evident in the laws of the ox that gored and the pregnant woman who is assaulted, but, when the total picture of the process by which homicide was adjudicated comes into view, what is most noticeable is how little of it is similar to ancient Near Eastern law. This book reconstructs biblical law from both legal texts and narrative texts and analyses both the law collections and documents from actual legal cases from the ancient Near East.
The Jews of the Turkish Republic since 1923

Chief Rabbi Haim Bejerano. Chief Rabbi Haim Bejerano led Turkish Jewry into the Republican age as a strong supporter of the Turkish national movement, rejecting the efforts of the Christian minorities to gain Jewish support to drive the Turks out of Istanbul and much of Anatolia. Born in Eski Zagora, Bulgaria in 1846 while it was still under Ottoman rule and trained in traditional talmud torahs and yeshivas, he was a learned man in the broadest sense of the word. Unlike the reactionary rabbis who at the time were attacking members of the community turning toward the modern world, and particularly those who taught French to Jewish youth, he sought to broaden himself by mastering sixteen foreign languages, not only Hebrew and Judeo-Spanish but also Turkish, Arabic, Persian, French, German, English, Bulgarian, Italian, Latin, Rumanian, Sanscrit, Greek and Armenian. For thirty years he had served the Jewish community of Ruscuk, on the Danube, teaching among others the great historian of Ottoman Jewry, Solomon Rosanes. He then went to Vienna where he earned his rabbinate, subsequently settling in Bucharest as director of its Sephardic school. All the while he continued to expand his horizons through extensive correspondence with learned men throughout Europe, including Jules Simon and Ernest Renan, and made himself known to Ottoman Jews by publishing articles on a wide range of subjects in Istanbul’s most important Judeo-Spanish newspaper, El Tiempo.
Research of Transformer Intelligent Evaluation and Diagnosis Method Based on DGA

Oil chromatography analysis is the foundation of transformer fault diagnosis, In this paper, based on knowledge base of the oil chromatographic analysis, an extended research combining the improved three ratio method, BP neural network, and case-based reasoning method for the transformer fault diagnosis was proposed, in the purpose of building a transformer Intelligent Evaluation Diagnosis model, to improve the accuracy of the transformer fault diagnosis, which is of a great significance for practice.
Configuring and Assembling Information Retrieval Based Solutions for Software Engineering Tasks

Information Retrieval (IR) approaches are used to leverage textual or unstructured data generated during the software development process to support various software engineering (SE) tasks (e.g., concept location, traceability link recovery, change impact analysis, etc.). Two of the most important steps for applying IR techniques to support SE tasks are preprocessing the corpus and configuring the IR technique, and these steps can significantly influence the outcome and the amount of effort developers have to spend for these maintenance tasks. We present the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to automatically configure and assemble an IR process to support SE tasks. The approach named IR-GA determines the (near) optimal solution to be used for each step of the IR process without requiring any training. We applied IR-GA on three different SE tasks and the results of the study indicate that IR-GA outperforms approaches previously used in the literature, and that it does not significantly differ from an ideal upper bound that could be achieved by a supervised approach and a combinatorial approach.
Abstract 110: Deficiency of Apolipoprotein F Protects Mice from Western Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis on an LDL Receptor Knockout Background

Apolipoprotein F (ApoF) is an acidic sialogycoprotein found on high density and low density lipoproteins. We have generated mice lacking the ApoF gene on a pure C57BL/6 background. These mice were ...
Mining patterns at each scale in massive data

An important but neglected aspect of data analysis is discovering phenomena at different scale in the same data. Scale plays the role analogous to error. It can be used to focus data exploration on differences that exceed the given scale (error) and to disregard those smaller. We introduce a discovery mechanism that applies to bi-variate patterns, in particular to time series. It combines search for maxima and minima with search for regularities in the form of equations. If it cannot find a regularity for all data, it uses other discovered patterns to divide data into subsets, and explores recursively each subset. Detected patterns are subtracted from data and the search continues in the residuals. Our mechanism does not skip patterns at any scale. Applied at many scales and to many data sets, it seems explosive, but it terminates surprisingly fast because of data reduction and the requirements of pattern stability and significance. We show application of our method on a time series of a half million datapoints. Our example shows that even simple data can reveal many surprising phenomena, and our method leads to fine conclusions about the environment in which they have been gathered.
Validity of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS)

The study addressed the statistical validity of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) in reading and mathematics for 3rd and 4th grade students (n = 202). Because of the importance of decisions based on high-stakes testing results, technical qualities need to conform to high psychometric standards, including indicators of statistical validity. The case for content (objective/standard-based) validity is provided by the Texas Education Agency; however, evidence of statistical validity is lacking. The study utilized correlational methods to investigate predictive, concurrent, discriminant, convergent and construct validity of the statemandated exam. Results confirm that the TAKS is a reasonably valid indicator of third and fourth grade reading and mathematics achievement. Validity coefficients and patterns of correlations support the hypothesis that the TAKS does measure what it purports to measure and is relatively free of influences extraneous to the mathematics and reading domains.
Observation of interface dynamics and Cu island formation at a crystalline Si/liquid Al-alloy interface

Abstract This research was performed to quantify the atomic-level dynamic behavior and the nature of Cu segregation to a crystalline Si/liquid Al-alloy interface in a partially molten Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. The results show that in contrast to atomistic simulations, no characteristic fluctuations were observed at a {113} Si/liquid Al-alloy interface other than a tendency to advance/recede by one or two {113} interplanar spacings. Segregation of Cu to the interface was found to occur by the formation of nano-scale fluctuating Cu islands, which had a highly reproducible orientation relationship with the crystalline Si. The fluctuating Cu islands had an approximately Gaussian distribution of heights while the widths displayed a log-normal distribution, indicative of high interfacial mobility and coalescence among islands. The presence of Cu islands was found to suppress the dynamic motion of the {113} Si solid-liquid interface. These findings reveal new and unexpected behavior about both the dynamic behavior of, and possible segregation mechanisms to, solid-liquid interfaces.
Human capital resources: a call to retire settled debates and to start a few new debates

AbstractThe concept of human capital resources (HCRs) is increasingly the predominant mechanism for explaining how organizations compete strategically through attracting, retaining, and developing talent. Despite the increased attention placed on the HCR construct, progress in HCR research has not advanced as rapidly as related scholarly fields. We posit that some of the lag in HCR research can be attributed to the continued focus on established debates. Rather than focusing on understanding how HCRs are developed and can be leveraged to achieve unit performance differentiation, HCR research often seems preoccupied with long-standing battles. In this manuscript, we provide a commentary on the current state of HCR literature, explain why we recommend reducing discussions along three specific HCR debates, and propose alternative HCR topics for researchers to pursue.
Colloidal nanocrystals: Virtues of defects

Defects in mercury telluride quantum dots can be exploited to achieve amplified spontaneous emission under continuous-wave optical pumping at ultralow power levels.
Scheduling of Distributed Computer Control Systems for Industrial Robots

Abstract By using distributed computers, parallel computations may be executed to achieve a minimum computing time so that a real time control of industrial robots is possible. With multiple CPU's, the parallel processing system utilizes one CPU for each link of the manipulator. Because of the dynamic coupling between adjacent links, precedence relations appear among the subtasks to be executed in CPU's. Under the series-parallel precedence constraints, a method of “ variable” branch-and-bound has been developed which determines an optimum, ordered schedule for each of the CPU's. It consists of, alternatively, forward and backward search procedures with an aid of pushdownstacks. In each forward search procedure, it seeks the currently feasible schedule with shorter computing time which updates the upper bound of the optimum schedule; while in each backward search procedure, it discards those schedule-branches that will not provide improvements. A FORTRAN program has been written for a manipulator based on the Newton-Euler formulation of dynamic equations, and is applied to the Stanford manipulator as an illustration.
Blockchain of trust on a M2AP IoT architecture

Blockchain has proven to be a disruptive technology having a tremendous impact on cryptocurrencies management. The blockchain technology potential is one to be applied in other fields. The development of new/small/cheap SoC processors boards will systematically flood our homes, businesses, buildings and cities with Internet connection capable devices. The M2AP is an architecture that proposes a unified and micromanage ecosystem for these devices. Fully interconnected like a network mesh but better prepare to control the data flow due to its device classification based on purpose and data usage. In this paper it is proposed an M2AP architecture that uses blockchain for identity identification, security and trust delivery management applied to a home automation system. A Trust currency is introduced, a modified blockchain structure is utilized, and a proof of Trust is presented.
Rod phototransduction in retinitis pigmentosa : estimation and interpretation of parameters derived from the rod a-wave

PURPOSE Relationships between the Lamb and Pugh model of transduction in single rod photoreceptors and the parameters derived from human rod a-waves are examined to evaluate transduction abnormalities in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). METHODS ERGs were obtained from 15 patients, 11 with RP and 4 with CRD, and from 15 normal subjects. Rod-only responses were derived from responses to blue (W47B) flashes over a wide range of flash energies by computer-subtracting estimates of the cone contribution. A model of the rod's response was fitted to the a-waves of the rod-only responses as well as to the responses to the blue flashes by estimating three parameters-sensitivity (S), delay (td), and maximum response (RmP3). To assess the limits of the cone contributions to the parameters of the model, ERGs were obtained from two of the patients, two normal subjects, and three additional patients with nondetectable rod responses using white flashes. RESULTS All patients had significantly decreased values of RmP3, and eight had significantly decreased values of S compared to the control subjects. The values of the parameters estimated from the responses to the blue flashes were reasonably similar to those for the rod-only responses except in patients with nondetectable rod signals. For the white flashes, the estimate of S was considerably larger and the fit of the model noticeably poorer. CONCLUSIONS The authors reached two conclusions. First, some forms of RP and CRD alter the activation stages of transduction. Transduction appears normal in other patients, despite extensive receptor damage as indicated by markedly reduced RmP3 values. Second, the cone contribution to a blue flash only affects the estimate of the key parameters in patients in whom the rod component is minimal. The cone contribution to a white flash contaminates the fit and the estimate of the parameters in all patients and normal subjects.
Training Anthropologists for Effective Roles in Public Policy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the training of anthropologists for effective roles in public policy. Anthropologists have always worked in an environment of competing ideas about human behavior, pitting their understanding and skills against those of other interpreters. For a time, the struggle was against theologians, then against the excesses of evolutionism, particularly against biological determinism, and later against Western rationalism that denied the existence of other kinds of logic or cultural premises. The competition between the several social sciences in the period of academic expansion, a relatively easy one because of the abundance of resources, has set the stage for the next, a competition that will be more severe and in which arguments will be more severely tested. The connection with an effect on public policy in the area of education was mostly inadvertent. Those anthropologists directly involved in policy formation and execution were frequently brokers for their discipline, arranging for the transfer of largesse along the networks of scholars. This is not to say that the codified knowledge about the workings of a complex society is accurate but only that the natives have busied themselves with studying that knowledge before going to work in their bureaucratic vineyards. This means that the anthropologist working in public policy should make some effort to learn what some of the natives have themselves studied. In pedagogical terms, this implies, often, joint degrees or at least work experience.
Student Politics: Activism and Culture

Student movements and organizations at the postsecondary level have an immense and often ignored impact not only on students and student cultures but also on academic institutions and sometimes on society.1 The most visible student organizations are activist political movements, which received considerable attention particularly in the aftermath of the volatile 1960s. Activist movements have not only had a significant impact on universities, but have occasionally created social unrest and sometimes revolution. However, there are many kinds of less dramatic student organizations, ranging from cultural and social organizations (including fraternities and sororities) to student publications, newspapers and athletic groups. This chapter is mainly concerned with those organizations that have an impact on politics, culture and society. It does not deal with the purely social element of extra-curricular life—although for many students this is the most important aspect—or with the changing attitudes and values of students, which may influence the scope and nature of organizational life. It is focused on the organizational aspects of extra-curricular life in higher education and stresses those parts that have a wider impact on both the university and society (Horowitz, 1987). The student organizational culture in higher education is active and complex in most colleges and universities worldwide. Institutions, of course, have different cultures and norms, and the nature of student organizations varies not only from country to country but among academic institutions. While there may be restrictions of various kinds on student groups—ranging from bans on political organizations to censoring of student newspapers—in most respects and in most contexts, student organizations and movements have considerable freedom and autonomy. With the expansion of higher education worldwide in the last half of the 20th century, student culture and activism has changed. Students are no longer recruited mainly from elite sectors of the population. Women are a significant proportion of the student population, and ethnic and racial minorities, once largely excluded, are part of the academic community. The student population is diverse, and in many countries largely representative of the general population. Many students work while studying, many study part-time, and these factors have caused a profound change in student culture and activism. Generally, students today are more focused on vocationally relevant academic programs and with their participation in the labor market.
Interactive evolutionary solution synthesis in fuzzy set-based preliminary engineering design

This paper describes an interactive evolutionary approach to synthesize component-based preliminary engineering design problems. This approach is intended to address preliminary engineering design as an evolutionary synthesis process, with the needs for human-computer interaction in a changing environment caused by uncertainty and imprecision inherent in the early design stages. It combines an agent-based hierarchical design representation, set-based design generation, fuzzy design trade-off strategy and interactive design adaptation into evolutionary synthesis to gradually refine and reduce the search space while maintaining solution diversity to accommodate future changes. The fitness function of solutions employed is not fixed but adapted according to elicited human value judgment and constraint change. It incorporates multi-criteria evaluation as well as constraint satisfaction. This new approach takes advantage of the different roles of computers and humans play in design and optimization. The methodology will be applicable to general multi-domain applications, with emphasis on physical modeling of dynamic systems. An automotive speedometer design case study is included to demonstrate the methodology.
Revision of the Genus Orbexilum (Fabaceae: Psoraleeae)

Orbexilum Raf. is a wholly North American genus confined to the southeastern U.S.A. and Mexico. Grimes provided a revision of the complex in which eight species were recognized. Turner added two additional species, O. chiapasanum and O. oliganthum, these subsumed under the fabric of O. melanocarpum by Grimes. The latter worker also recognized a var. gracile of the widespread O. pedunculatum that in the present account I treat as a species, Orbexilum gracile. This brings to 11, the number of species currently recognized for the genus. Detailed descriptions and a key to the taxa are provided, along with maps showing their distributions.
Heteroglossia and Constructed Dialogue in SLA

Addressing themes from the Douglas Fir Group's (2016) transdisciplinary framework, this paper bridges boundaries between cognitive and social disciplines by showing how social contextual factors can affect the psycholinguistic development of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in learner language. Sociolinguistic and sociocultural frameworks are blended with use of a multidimensional psycholinguistic frame, CAF, to analyze speech samples produced by 10 adult learners of English across different developmental levels as they all produced narratives containing constructed dialogue. Learners enacted imagined ?voices? that were significantly more accurate and fluent compared to their narrative baseline voices. Our findings suggest that emerging L2 proficiency consists of many distinct voices that can significantly differ in accuracy of grammatical forms and fluency; related studies show they also differ in suprasegmentals, nonverbals, discourse style, and expressed social stance. Learners? ability to produce such voices in constructed dialogue supports a view of their proficiency as heteroglossic, complex, dynamic, and holistic, and of language play as facilitative of SLA. Theoretical and practical implications for L2 learning, instruction, and assessment are considered.
Exploring the Association between Hostile Attribution Bias and Intimate Partner Violence in College Students: Romantic Relationships and Friends with Benefits

This study sought to investigate the relationship between the hostile attribution bias (HAB) and five forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration (physical abuse, threatening behavior, se...
Foreign Subsidiary Stakeholder Orientation and FsQCA: A Commentary

Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is a set-theoretic technique based on Boolean algebra that demonstrates how the membership of cases in causal conditions relates to their membership in an outcome of interest. Crilly (Journal of International Business Studies 42 (5): 694–717, 2011) is an excellent example of how scholars can rigorously utilize fsQCA to advance international business theory. In this Commentary, I leverage Crilly (Journal of International Business Studies 42 (5): 694–717, 2011) to discuss some of the key judgement calls that researchers using fsQCA must make throughout the analytical process.
Mindfulness, Self-Control, Implicit Bias, Race, Threat Perception Failure, and the Accidental Use of Deadly Force Against Off-Duty Police Officers

This study explores the impact of mindfulness, self-control, race, and implicit bias on threat perception failure-based shootings against ununiformed officers in a training simulation. A sample of 79 students were recruited to participate in a law enforcement active shooter training simulation. Participants completed a mindfulness non-reactivity measure, the Grasmick Self-control Scale, and a Weapons Implicit Attitudes tasks (IAT). Then, participants assumed the role of a police officer in a training scenario designed to provoke wrongful deadly force. After hearing gunshots, participants in this scenario were confronted with either a Black or White male portraying an off-duty police officer holding a badge and pointing a gun at another role player lying on the ground. The mindfulness non-reactivity scale significantly predicted not shooting the off-duty officer in the combined race analysis and the White officer only analysis. Implicit bias only predicted shooting the Black officer when mindfulness non-reactivity was included as a covariate. Race moderated the correlation between self-control and the decision to shoot. Implications and future directions are discussed.