cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Library as Changing Place: Viewpoints from University Undergraduates

Purpose – This piece aims to demonstrate what undergraduate students consider when they think of the academic library and their personal and academic needs. It also begins to speculate about the library of the future on a growing campus.Design/methodology/approach – The piece considers the views of some US university students.Findings – The growing emphasis on usability studies and libraries trying to respond to user needs by becoming a more user‐centered organization forces an organization to listen carefully to its users. Libraries remain valued places of community and of learning and teaching. People continue to come to libraries because they offer security, comfort and quiet; are free and commercial‐free; provide a place to be with other people in a learning/cultural environment; offer opportunities to learn, search, inquire and recreate; and afford opportunities for choice and serendipity.Originality/value – Offers some insights into the views of students about the role of the library.
Cache Topology Aware Mapping of Stream Processing Applications onto CMPs

Data Stream Processing is an important class of data intensive applications in the "Big Data" era. Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs) are the standard hosting platforms in modern data centers. Gaining high performance for stream processing applications on CMPs is therefore of great interest. Since the performance of stream processing applications largely depends on their effective use of the complex cache structure present on CMPs, this paper proposes the StreamMap approach for tuning streaming applications' use of cache. Our major idea is to map application threads to CPU cores to facilitate data sharing AND mitigate memory resource contention among threads in a holistic manner. Applying StreamMap to the IBM's System S middleware leads to improvements of up to 1.8x in the performance of realistic applications over standard Linux OS scheduler on three different CMP platforms.
Vygotsky's Vision Reshaping the Practice of Special Education for the 21st Century

Lev S. Vygotsky formulated a unique theoretical framework for perhaps the most comprehensive, inclusive, and humane practice of special education in the 20th century. The following topics germane to contemporary special education are discussed: the application of Vygotsky's Cultural-Historical Activity Theory to the domain of special education; Vygotsky's views on the nature of handicapping conditions in children; the principles of psycho-educational evaluation of the disabled; the issue of compensation, rehabilitation, and education of children with sensory and cognitive impairments; and the concept of inclusion as a prospect for development in special education. This article includes some discussion on international experiences by scientists/practitioners working within Vygotsky's paradigm of special education. It is suggested that Vygotsky's socially, culturally, and developmentally oriented scientific legacy has the potential to unify, restructure, and promote special and remedial education as a scien...
Inpatient hospital complications and lengths of stay: a short report.

Background Increasingly, efforts are being made to link health care outcomes with more efficient use of resources. The current difficult economic times and health care reform efforts provide incentives for specific efforts in this area.
Does air plethysmography correlate with duplex scanning in patients with chronic venous insufficiency

Abstract Purpose: Duplex ultrasonography with distal cuff deflation was used to determine the presence and size of incompetent veins and compare the results with those of air plethysmography in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Methods: Thirty-two legs underwent a detailed study with both modalities. Sixteen legs had venous ulceration, six had stasis dermatitis, and ten had symptomatic varicose veins without skin changes. Results: Although the venous filling index (VFI) in limbs with ulcers (5.4 ± 3.8 ml/sec) and dermatitis (7.7 ± 4.6 ml/sec) was significantly higher ( p 40%), which in previous studies corresponded to an incidence of ulceration of only 2%. VFI had a significant but weak correlation ( r = 0.39) with the diameter of incompetent veins at the knee and a somewhat stronger relationship ( r = 0.55) with the diameter of lower leg veins. Total venous volume correlated moderately well with calf vein diameter ( r = 0.75). The clinical status of the leg did not correlate with the diameters of incompetent veins at the knee or calf levels. All limbs with an obstructed outflow had EFs less than 60% and ulcers or dermatitis. Conclusions: We conclude that plethysmographic measurements of functional venous parameters (VFI, EF) do not discriminate well between limbs with uncomplicated varicose veins and limbs with ulcers or stasis dermatitis and that VFI correlates poorly with the presence of incompetent veins and their diameters. Both duplex scanning and plethysmography seem to be necessary for a complete evaluation of limbs with chronic venous insufficiency. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:796-807.)
Charge circuit timeout: a sequence of events leading to failure of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to deliver therapy.

Since the advent of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, much attention has been given to the possibility of ICD or lead hardware failures resulting in inappropriate ICD function. Less attention has been given to the potential for software programming errors resulting in inappropriate device behavior. We report a case of a software programming error that led to a premature “end of service” alert that triggered a “lock-up” of the device antitachycardia therapies. Typically, the capacitor charge time for the Medtronic Secura ICD in anticipation of a full energy shock is about 7.7 to 9.2 seconds, depending on how close the device is to the elective replacement time and other factors.1 A charge circuit timeout indicates that at least 1 charging period exceeded 30 seconds. When 3 consecutive charging periods each exceed 30 seconds, the ICD charge circuit becomes inactive, and all automatic therapy functions and manual system tests become disabled except for emergency VVI pacing, all for the purpose of conserving battery voltage for pacemaker dependent patients when the generator reaches end of service.1 An alert is displayed to indicate that the time allotted to reach the programmed output energy (30 seconds) has been exceeded. A charge circuit timeout usually occurs when the battery voltage is depleted below the “elective replacement indicator.” In this specific instance, the charge circuit timeout occurred because of a glitch in the software. Three events occurred almost simultaneously, exposing the software programming error.2 These events occurred during an episode of tachycardia in the brief time span between the end of charging the capacitors and redetection/confirmation before delivery of a shock. The 3 events are:
Water at functional interfaces

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Garde, S. and Schlossman, M. L. Water at functional interfaces. MRS Bulletin. 2014. 39(12): 1051-1055. DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2014.280. © 2014 Cambridge University Press
Stabilizability of two-dimensional linear systems via switched output feedback

Abstract The problem of stabilizing a second-order SISO LTI system of the form x ˙ = Ax + Bu , y = Cx with feedback of the form u ( x ) = v ( x ) Cx is considered, where v ( x ) is real-valued and has domain which is all of R 2 . It is shown that, when stabilization is possible, v ( x ) can be chosen to take on no more than two values throughout the entire state-space (i.e., v ( x ) ∈ { k 1 , k 2 } for all x and for some k 1 , k 2 ), and an algorithm for finding a specific choice of v ( x ) is presented. It is also shown that the classical root locus of the corresponding transfer function C ( sI - A ) - 1 B has a strong connection to this stabilization problem, and its utility is demonstrated through examples.
Satellite multibeam allocation and congestion control with delay constraints

A data satellite network would have to support a broad spectrum of bursty unscheduled users with different delay constraints over time-varying atmospheric satellite channels. Since onboard resources are expensive and a broadband satellite will have many spotbeam-coverage cells within its service area, it is desirable to use agile scanning beam systems, adaptive to service requirements and channel conditions, and time-share a small number of active downlink beams. In addition, a congestion control mechanism of incoming traffic into the satellite service queues is required to provide a reasonable queueing delay within delay deadlines. In this paper, a jointly optimized scheme of multibeam allocation and congestion control based on incoming traffic and channel conditions over fading satellite downlinks with beam-sharing and delay constraints is developed. With the assumptions of quasistatic channel conditions and predictable incoming traffic rates (at least in the short term), an analytical solution for joint beam allocation and congestion control is considered. Numerical examples will be given to show that the joint scheme outperforms uniform allocation by serving, with fairness, more accepted traffic (e.g., a factor of 2 in the case of linearly distributed traffic across cells) and/or a smaller queueing delay.
Invasive ecotypes tolerate herbivory more effectively than native ecotypes of the Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum

Summary 1. The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis proposes that exotic plants often become invasive because they have evolved reduced allocation to defence and increased allocation to growth and reproduction in response to low herbivore loads. Previous studies with Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum support EICA predictions of invasive North American ecotypes displaying rapid growth, poorly defended leaves and considerable compensation after defoliation. In contrast, native Asian ecotypes are comparatively slow growing with highly defended leaves and are negatively impacted by mechanical leaf damage. The effects of root damage on the different ecotypes are unknown. 2. We conducted a full-factorial pot experiment designed to assess the effects of soil fertility, competition with ryegrass Lolium multiflorum and mechanical root damage on Sapium seedlings derived from seed collections obtained in the ancestral range (native Chinese ecotype) and introduced range (invasive Texas ecotype). 3. The results, consistent with EICA predictions, revealed that Chinese ecotypes were negatively affected by severing roots, while Texas ecotypes were able to compensate for root damage. 4. Fertilization increased growth of Chinese ecotypes, but did not reduce the negative effects of root damage enough to allow the seedlings to compensate completely. Competition increased the stem height growth of Chinese ecotypes, but did not affect shoot or root mass. Texas ecotypes were not significantly affected by any experimental treatments. 5. Synthesis and applications . The results of this study are consistent with previous studies indicating that invasive Sapium has undergone a shift away from possessing costly herbivore defences to producing relatively inexpensive tissues that are capable of rapidly compensating for damage. Evolutionary change is increasingly being recognized as an important factor contributing to the success of exotic plant invaders. Understanding that herbivory tolerance and the compensatory capacity for damage may differ between native and introduced plant ecotypes will be essential for implementing effective control strategies for problematic invasive species.
Direct Interaction between AR and PAK6 in Androgen- Stimulated PAK6 Activation

A p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) was previously identified to be an androgen receptor (AR) interacting protein through a yeast two-hybrid screening. We used hormone responsive prostate cancer LAPC4 and LNCap cell lines as models to study the signaling events associated with androgen stimulation and PAK6. An androgen-stimulated PAK6 kinase activation was observed in LAPC4 cells expressing endogenous PAK6 and in LNCap cells ectopically expressing a wild type PAK6. This activation was likely mediated through a direct interaction between AR and PAK6 since siRNA knock-down of AR in LAPC4 cells downregulated androgen-stimulated PAK6 activation. In addition, LNCap cells expressing a non-AR-interacting PAK6 mutant exhibited dampened androgen-stimulated kinase activation. As a consequence of androgen-stimulated activation, PAK6 was phosphorylated at multiple serine/ threonine residues including the AR-interacting domain of PAK6. Furthermore, androgen-stimulation promoted prostate cancer cell motility and invasion were demonstrated in LNCap cells ectopically expressing PAK6-WT. In contrast, LNCap expressing non-AR-interacting mutant PAK6 did not respond to androgen stimulation with increased cell motility and invasion. Our results demonstrate that androgen-stimulated PAK6 activation is mediated through a direct interaction between AR and PAK6 and PAK6 activation promotes prostate cancer cells motility and invasion.
Commentary 'Effects of asymmetric branch flow rates on aerosol deposition in bifurcating airways', by Z. Zhang, C. Kleinstreuer and C. S. Kim.

Caution must be exercised in interpreting and applying the model presented in the above paper which sought to describe air ow patterns and aerosol deposition processes in human airways. In brief, I shall address physical considerations that are not included realistically in the model, and which have been demonstrated to have signi cant effects on uid and particle motion. The discussion centres on the roles of common anatomical elements of airways (i.e. larynx, cartilaginous rings, carinal ridges) and tumours.
Package inductance characterization at high frequencies

This paper describes a package inductance measurement technique based on network analysis and lumped element package model. Advantages of this technique include: 1. Measuring inductance over the same high operating frequencies of today's high-speed CMOS and ECL chips. 2. Providing information on a package's resonance frequencies and determining the limit of the lumped element model and 3. Utilizing a simple one-port measurement method, procedure and fixture design. Different packages and interconnects including a 120QFP, a 296TAB tape, a multilayer 224PGA and bonding wires of different length were characterized using this technique. Where possible, the inductance results obtained by this technique were compared with both modeling data and measurement data obtained by the conventional LCZ technique. In addition, the experiments were extended to compare the effective inductance of the ground path of one-metal and two-metal 360TAB tapes. The results provide important guidelines in determining design tradeoffs between one-metal and two-metal TAB tapes. >
Triple-junction a-Si solar cells with heavily doped thin interface layers at the tunnel junctions

Triple-junction a-Si based solar cells, having a structure of SS/Ag/ZnO/n/sup +//n/b/a-SiGe-i/b/p/p/sup +//n/sup +//n/b/a-SiGe-i/b/p/p/sup +//n/sup +//n/a-Si-i/p /p/sup +//ITO, are fabricated at the University of Toledo using a multi-chamber, load-locked PECVD system. We studied the effect of heavily doped p/sup +/ and n/sup +/ layers deposited at the tunnel junction interfaces between the top and middle component cells and between the middle and bottom component cells on the efficiency of triple-junction solar cells. Preliminary results show that thin, /spl sim/1nm, interface p/sup +//n/sup +/ layers improve the solar cell efficiency while thicker interface layers, /spl sim/4nm thick, cause the efficiency to decrease. Incorporating the improved interface layers at the tunnel junctions, as well as earlier improvements in the intrinsic layers, the p-i interface in terms of reducing the band-edge offset, and the a-SiGe component cells using bandgap-graded buffer layers, we fabricated triple-junction solar cells with 12.71% efficiency in the initial state and 10.7% stable efficiency after 1000 hours of 1-sun light soaking. Samples sent to NREL for independent measurements show 11.8% total-area (or 12.5% active-area) initial efficiency.
On a ghost artefact in ultra low field magnetic resonance relaxation imaging

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used techniques across numerous disciplines. While typically implemented at fields > 1 T, there has been continuous interest in the methods at much lower fields for reasons of cost, material contrast, or application. There have been numerous demonstrations of MR at much lower fields (from 1 µT to 1 mT), the so-called ultra-low field (ULF) regime. Approaches to ULF MR have included superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor technology for ultra-sensitive detection and the use of pulsed pre- polarizing fields to enhance the signal strength. There are many advantages to working in the ULF regime. However, due to the low strength of the measurement field, acquisition of MRI at ULF is more susceptible to ambient fields that cause image distortions. Imaging artifacts can be caused by transients associated with non-ideal field switching and from remnant fields in magnetic shielding, among other causes. In this paper, we introduce a general theoretical framework that describes effects of non-ideal measurement field inversion/rotation due to presence of these transient fields. We illustrate imaging artifacts via simulated and experimental examples.
Evolution of Nursing Science: Implications For Nursing World Wide

This article uses the framework of professionalization and discussess one central criterion, generation of a unique body of knowledge, as a requirement for professional maturity. Following the lead provided by the nursing profession in the United States of America, the standards of nursing education and practice are steadily increasing around the world. However, success in this area of improving professional performance greatly depends on the generation of commensurate scientific knowledge. The writer pleads for systematic efforts for sharing and evaluating nursing theory across national boundaries, identifies additional possible channels, and hopes that the attempts of Sigma Theta Tau in this direction will be effective.
A Unique Case of Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Thrombophilia in an Adult and the Role of Anticoagulation

Acute septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV), better known as Lemierre syndrome, is a rare entity which poses several challenges in management. Treatment involves prompt use of intravenous antibiotics over a prolonged period of time, typically 6–8 weeks. The use of anticoagulation is controversial, but indicated for some. We describe the first reported case of Lemierre syndrome associated with a hypercoagulable state in an adult. We propose that all patients with Lemierre syndrome should be evaluated for hypercoagulable states and that the indications for anticoagulation in Lemierre syndrome are (1) propagation or nonresolution of IJV thrombus despite antibiotics and (2) identification of a hypercoagulable state, as in our case.
The Annulus of the Mouse Sperm Tail Is Required to Establish a Membrane Diffusion Barrier That Is Engaged During the Late Steps of Spermiogenesis

The annulus is a higher order septin cytoskeletal structure located between the midpiece and principal piece regions of the sperm tail. The annulus has been hypothesized to generate the diffusion barrier that exists between these two membrane domains. We tested this premise directly on septin 4 knockout mice, whose sperm are viable but lack an annulus, by following the diffusing membrane protein basigin. Basigin is normally confined to the principal piece domain on testicular and caput sperm, but undergoes relocation into the midpiece during sperm epididymal transit. On Sept4−/− sperm, domain confinement was lost, and basigin localized over the entire plasma membrane. Both immunofluorescence and immunoblotting further revealed reduced levels of basigin expression on sperm from the knockout. Testicular immunohistochemistry showed similar basigin expression and tail targeting in wild-type (WT) and Sept4−/− tubules until step 15 of spermatid development, at which point basigin was redistributed throughout the plasma membrane of Sept4−/− spermatids. The basigin outside of the tail was subsequently lost around the time of sperm release into the lumen. The redistribution in the knockout coincides with the time in WT sperm when the annulus completes its migration from the neck down to the midpiece-principal piece junction. We posit that basigin may not diffuse freely until after the annulus arrives at the midpiece-principal piece junction to restrict lateral movement. These results are the strongest evidence to date of a mammalian septin structure establishing a membrane diffusion barrier.
Making a Science of Service Systems Practical: Seeking Usefulness and Understandability while Avoiding Unnecessary Assumptions and Restrictions

This book’s theme is “The Science of Service Systems,” yet there is substantial question about whether the definition and nature of service systems have been articulated adequately. This paper examines definitions of service and service system that could frame or otherwise influence future developments in service science and could have implications for what should and should not be included within service science. It argues that the initial development of service science should use straightforward definitions that are understandable, useful, broadly applicable, and teachable. It proposes a definition of service system that is different from the definition proposed in this book’s Call for Chapters and in the 2008 White Paper produced by a service innovation symposium attended by many leaders in the effort to create service science. In comparison with that definition, this paper’s alternative definition is more understandable, useful, broadly applicable, and teachable.
Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science

Homer Newell's book, Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science, provides the reader with an excellent history of space science and the intricate governmental as well as personal travails that brought the U.S. space program from its beginnings in the early V-2 days to its enviable state (in today's terms) in the early seventies. The account is developed and well based on fundamental and classical descriptions of the meaning of science as the baseline theme of the space program, the driving force behind most of the devotees of the formative period. Space science began in those days as a burgeoning effort by vigorous competent scientists and engineers eager to move into an exciting extension of the physical sciences, and Newell was a central character in it. How their efforts made possible innovative and productive probing of many aspects of the earth's environment that had not previously been accessible to man's inquiries guides the writing.
Exploration of the validity of the two-dimensional sagittal plane assumption in modeling the standing long jump

Most previous standing long jump studies have been based on the assumption of two-dimensional sagittal plane motion with bilateral symmetry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of this assumption. Standing long jump trials were collected using six adult male participants. Each participant stood with a foot on each of two force plates and performed eight standing long jumps for maximal distance. Inverse dynamics analyses were performed for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models, and joint moments, powers, and work values were compared. The differences between these models with respect to the validity of the common planar jumping assumption were analyzed. Good agreement was observed between 2D and 3D methods for the lower body, with minimal differences in sagittal plane moments, power, and work for the ankle, knee, and lower back. There were significant, but relatively small differences in the sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics at the hip. For the upper body, the results contradicted the sagittal plane assumption in that significant moments and power were generated about the abduction/adduction axis of the shoulder and a similar amount of work was performed about both abduction/adduction and flexion/extension axes of the shoulder. The elbow also showed significant differences in power and work. These results indicate that an assumption of planar motion should be sufficient for many studies of the standing long jump that only examine lower body movement. However, for studies that include upper body motion, diagnosing injury risk, or investigating gender differences, a 3D model may be more appropriate.
Phenology of Three Coccinellid Species: Thermal Requirements for Development

Three coccinellids, Adalia bipunctata L., Coccinella transversoguttata Brown, and Coccinella septempunctata L., show optimal preimaginal development and survival at temperatures between 26.7° and 29.4°C. Development of A. bipunctata, from oviposition to adult emergence, requires an accumulation of 263 heat degree days (K) above a theoretical threshold for development (t) of 9.0°C. Coccinella transversoguttata requires 218 heat degree days above 12.2°C. and C. septempunctata, an imported Palearctic species, requires an accumulated K value of 197 above 12.1°C. Adalia bipunctata 's low t value allows early-season development, when temperatures are low. In comparison C. transversoguttata and C. septempunctata can develop faster at higher summer temperatures because of their low K values. Based solely on thermal characteristics, the three coccinellid species may produce between 3 and 4 generations per year. However, the species differ in the degree to which they approach the maximum developmental rate in the field. These differences are determined by the species' differential prey specificity and diapause characteristics.
Analysis on the effects of AIDS prevention knowledge training for the entertainment industry practitioners

Objective:To understand the entertainment industry and other high-risk groups of employees basic knowledge of AIDS awareness rate.Methods:296 entertainment industry professionals from 36 areas received the training about the basic knowledge of AIDS prevention,and then analysed the effects of training by comparing pre-and post questionnaire results.Results:The answered of the 26 questions about AIDS-related knowledge before and after the training were compared and there were significant differences in the rate.Conclusion:Training could indeed significantly improve the entertainment industry and other high-risk groups for AIDS awareness and raise their capacity of initiative prevention to AIDS.
Rotationally resolved spectrum of the first overtone of the C-H stretching vibration 2ν 1 in the HCN dimer

The HCN dimer has been the subject of a number of studies over recent years, including those based on (gas-cell) FTIR and molecular beam optothermal techniques.1
“Eeew! There’s Dew on My Toes”: Common Characteristics of Preservice Elementary Teacher Learning in Environmental Education and Instructional Strategies for Science Teacher Educators

This chapter discusses the pedagogical journey of a science teacher educator in implementing environmental education in a preservice elementary science teaching methods course. Vignettes of interactions with students in teacher education classrooms illuminate five common characteristics exhibited by preservice elementary teachers: inadequate content knowledge, ecophobia, avoidance of minor physical discomfort, low confidence with physically manipulating mechanical devices, and a need for highly structured learning environments. Discussion of the author’s instructional strategies to address these characteristics provides teacher educators with the opportunity to reflect on their own experience engaging preservice elementary teachers in scientific inquiry, nature-study, ecology, and environmental education.
Evidence of Sulfate-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation within an Area Impacted by Coalbed Methane-Related Gas Migration.

We evaluated water quality characteristics in the northern Raton Basin of Colorado and documented the response of the Poison Canyon aquifer system several years after upward migration of methane gas occurred from the deeper Vermejo Formation coalbed production zone. Results show persistent secondary water quality impacts related to the biodegradation of methane. We identify four distinct characteristics of groundwater–methane attenuation in the Poison Canyon aquifer: (i) consumption of methane and sulfate and production of sulfide and bicarbonate, (ii) methane loss coupled to production of higher molecular weight (C2+) gaseous hydrocarbons, (iii) patterns of 13C enrichment and depletion in methane and dissolved inorganic carbon, and (iv) a systematic shift in sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios of sulfate, indicative of microbial sulfate reduction. We also show that the biogeochemical response of the aquifer system has not mobilized naturally occurring trace metals, including arsenic, chromium, cobalt, nicke...
From Christian brother to native: Claiming and rejecting Christianity, commerce, and civilization in early twentieth-century Natal

This article argues that, by the late nineteenth century, the growing population of African Christians created a difficult conundrum for colonial officials. For almost a century, justification for ...
CAR: Cloud-Assisted Routing

We propose a new hybrid software-defined networking (SDN) approach, Cloud-Assisted Routing (CAR), that utilizes high computation and memory power of cloud services by splitting both control and data plane functions between a local router and a remote cloud computing platform. Instead of a complete separation of the two planes, our approach maintains most of the control plane at the cloud and the least of it at the local router, and vice versa for the data plane. We present the architectural view of CAR and results from an initial prototype of forwarding table size reduction using CAR. We discuss possible intra- and inter-domain optimizations by highlighting the use-cases of multi-cloud design paradigm and perform a cost comparison between legacy router vs. CAR to identify the break-even points and key components that make CAR monetarily beneficial.
Clinical Diagnosis of Familial Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined clinically as a disorder characterized by the presence of at least two of four cardinal signs, i.e., resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, along with a good response to levodopa (1). Patients with typical PD do not manifest ataxia, chorea, orthostatic hypotension unrelated to medications, vertical downward-gaze deficits, amyotrophy, early dementia, or early hallucinations. When present, these signs suggest a diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism or parkinsonism-plus syndrome (2).
AMG 145, a Monoclonal Antibody Against PCSK9, Facilitates Achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals Among High-Risk Patients: An Analysis From the LAPLACE–TIMI 57 Trial (LDL-C Assessment with PCSK9 monoclonaL Antibody Inhibition Combined With Statin thErapy–Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 57)

Objectives This study sought to define the ability of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), to enable subjects at high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events to achieve National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) parameters for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other lipid goals. Background Many patients at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events are unable to achieve the NCEP-ATP III LDL-C goal of Methods In 282 subjects from the LAPLACE–TIMI 57 (LDL-C Assessment with PCSK9 monoclonaL Antibody Inhibition Combined With Statin thErapy–Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 57) trial at high risk according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, we compared the proportion of subjects achieving the NCEP-ATP III recommended LDL-C goal of Results During the dosing interval, more than 90% of subjects in both of the top dose groups every 2 weeks and every 4 weeks attained this lipid target over the dosing interval, with similar success rates for the triple lipid goal. Conclusions PCSK9 inhibition with AMG 145 enables high-risk patients to achieve established lipid goals. If this therapy demonstrates efficacy for reducing cardiovascular events with a favorable safety profile in ongoing phase 3 trials, we believe it will have major public health implications.
The Stability of Implicit Racial Bias in Police Officers

Research on police officers has found that they tend to associate African Americans with threat. Little is known however about the stability of implicit racial bias in police officers, whose attitudes could be expected to fluctuate based on their day-to-day encounters or from internal stressors such as fatigue. To investigate, this study tested 80 police officers using the Weapons Implicit Association Test (IAT) on four separate occasions. Officers’ sleep was also monitored using wrist actigraphy. Officers’ IAT scores varied significantly across the testing days (f = 2.36; df = 1.468; p < .05), and differences in IAT scores were associated with officers’ sleep (f = 6.49; df = 1.468; p < .05). These findings indicate that implicit racial bias was not stable among officers, and that when officers slept less prior to testing they demonstrated stronger association between Black Americans and weapons. The implications of these findings within the current climate of police–citizen unrest are discussed.
A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON PALEOLITHIC CULTURAL PATTERNS

Many important questions surround the place of Neandertals and early modern humans in the course of human evolution. Prominent among these are questions concerning the extent of biological and cultural connections among synchronous populations in various parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa throughout the Pleistocene, and the biological and cultural links between any regional population and those that precede or succeed it in time. In addition to exploring such questions through morphological and taxonomic studies of hominid remains, it is also useful to examine the archaeological evidence for broader technological patterns over time and space during the Paleolithic and, particularly, to examine these for possible cultural affinities among hominid populations. Technological continuities or discontinuities may reflect the nature of cultural links among populations across time or space that, in turn, can bear on questions of biological connections in terms of gene flow. Furthermore, the larger patterns observable in technological activities and products can provide information regarding aspects of cognitive abilities and cultural processes. In order to look at these issues in this perspective, it is useful to examine the broader details of Paleolithic technological developments throughout hominid dispersals out of Africa into Europe and Asia. This study will take a broad, comparative look at possible archaeological indications of connections among Paleolithic populations in different parts of the Old World throughout the course of early hominid dispersals, migrations, or expansions of population. Questions concerning the earlier Paleolithic will be of central interest, but issues concerning general technological patterns during later phases of the Paleolithic will also be addressed. Of concern here will be evident continuities and/or discontinuities in technological patterns over relatively broad reaches of time and of space. Of primary concern here will be the possible significance of archaeological patterns with regard to cultural connections among hominid populations during the Early and Middle Paleolithic.
Heterogeneous connection effects

Abstract We consider the heterogeneous effects of multiple connections among N nodes on a continuous response variable and propose a network regression. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Potential extensions of the approach and implementable methodologies are provided.
Knowledge of nonlocal mathematics for teaching

Abstract The notion of practice-based models for mathematical knowledge for teaching has played a pivotal role in the conception of teacher knowledge. In this work, teachers’ knowledge of mathematics that is outside the scope of what is being taught (nonlocal mathematics) is considered more explicitly. Drawing on a cognitive model for the development of mathematical knowledge for teaching, this paper explores the implications for the underlying theory being applied to (nonlocal) knowledge outside the scope what is being taught as being influential for the teaching of (local) mathematics. The work provides a unique perspective on the role of advanced mathematics with respect to secondary teaching. Considerations for mathematics teacher education are discussed.
Analytical effective length comparisons of circularly distributed antenna arrays

This work investigates a far-field quantity, known as the effective length, of one, two and three-dimensional arrays bound within circular constraints and its relation to the Fraunhofer region. Maximum gain is achieved for a volumetric array only when compared using the same effective length of linear and planar arrays.
Four Seldom-Collected Pentatomoid Species (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae) Syntopic on Artemisia campestris (Asteraceae) in the Nebraska Sandhills

Bionomics of North American Scutelleridae are poorly known compared with the related family Pentatomidae, with host-plant relationships particularly needed for species of the scutellerid subfamily Odontotarsinae and certain species of the pentatomid genus Chlorochroa, subgenus Rhytidolomia. The odontotarsines Euptychodera corrugata (Van Duzee), Phimodera binotata (Say), and Vanduzeeina balli (Van Duzee), and the pentatomid Chlorochroa (Rhytidolomia) viridicata (Walker) are reported from field sagewort (Artemisia campestris L. subsp. caudata [Michx.] Hall. & Clems.; Asteraceae) at a site in the Nebraska Sandhills. The scutellerids were beaten from the bases of sagewort, whereas the pentatomid was swept from flower buds. Color images of the adults and new state records for C. viridicata are presented, previous biological information on the four pentatomoids is reviewed, biological attributes contributing to their apparent rareness is discussed, and the long-term protection that the Nebraska Sandhills might provide for these species is evaluated. A greater capacity for detecting the odontotarsines is needed to substantiate their use of A. campestris as a host plant and an apparent preference for Asteraceae, and to provide specimens for laboratory studies of their bionomics.
What is Infant Psychiatry

In 1976, a new volume called Infant Psychiatry provided research and clinical readings that were relevant to infancy. Since that time, more has been learned about attachment, mother-infant interaction, the effects of parenting, genetic determination, and biologic deviance, to fill out the discipline of infant psychiatry. This article tracks our progress since then. Although the ranks of investigators remain small, the advance in knowledge has been remarkable, and the infant psychiatrist of the next generation will be better equipped to do primary and secondary prevention as well as remedial and therapeutic interventions based on firmer knowledge.
HELP System Interfaces

In general, a system is a collection of components organized to perform specified functions. Large systems are frequently composed of smaller, integrated subsystems that are known as modules. Each system or module has a boundary that defines its limits (see Figure 4.1). The function of HELP is to expedite and simplify the flow of data and information throughout the hospital. This general task can be subdivided into three distinct phases: (1) data acquisition, (2) data manipulation and analysis, and (3) data reporting. Of these three phases, only data analysis and manipulation takes place entirely within the boundaries of the system. Data acquisition and data reporting require the system to interact with entities (e.g., other computer systems, human users) beyond the system boundary.
Introduction to Optimal Trajectories for Aeroassisted Orbital Transfer

This paper reviews optimal trajectories for aeroassisted orbital transfer (AOT). The basic idea is to combine space maneuvers and atmospheric maneuvers so as to achieve propellant savings vis-avis purely propulsive maneuvers. For the atmospheric pass, both angle of attack control and angle of bank control are considered.
Apoptosis in Nervous System Injury

Apoptosis refers to active, programmed cell death; it is different from necrosis, which is considered to be a passive process. Apoptosis occurs in many forms of central nervous system injury. Both neurons and glia have been shown to undergo apoptosis after brain and spinal cord injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Several factors, including glutamate, cytokines, and free radicals, have been shown to contribute to neuronal and glial apoptosis across different injury mechanisms. Therefore, it is possible that effective inhibitors of apoptosis could be of benefit in several different types of neurological injury.
Temporal dynamics of pair-rule stripes in living Drosophila embryos

Traditional studies of gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo centered primarily on the analysis of fixed tissues. These methods provided considerable insight into the spatial control of gene activity, such as the borders of eve stripe 2, but yielded only limited information about temporal dynamics. The advent of quantitative live-imaging and genome-editing methods permits the detailed examination of the temporal control of endogenous gene activity. Here, we present evidence that the pair-rule genes fushi tarazu (ftz) and even-skipped (eve) undergo dynamic shifts in gene expression. We observe sequential anterior shifting of the stripes along the anterior to posterior axis, with stripe 1 exhibiting movement before stripe 2 and the more posterior stripes. Conversely, posterior stripes shift over greater distances (two or three nuclei) than anterior stripes (one or two nuclei). Shifting of the ftz and eve stripes are slightly offset, with ftz moving faster than eve. This observation is consistent with previous genetic studies, suggesting that eve is epistatic to ftz. The precision of pair-rule temporal dynamics might depend on enhancer–enhancer interactions within the eve locus, since removal of the endogenous eve stripe 1 enhancer via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing led to precocious and expanded expression of eve stripe 2. These observations raise the possibility of an added layer of complexity in the positional information encoded by the segmentation gene regulatory network.
A Simple and Effective Approach for Transmit Antenna Selection in Multiuser Massive MIMO Leveraging Submodularity

Massive MIMO systems are expected to enable great improvements in spectral and energy efficiency. Realizing these benefits in practice, however, is hindered by the cost and complexity of implementing large-scale antenna systems. A potential solution is to use transmit antenna selection for reducing the number of radio-frequency (RF) chains at the base station. In this paper, we consider the NP-hard discrete optimization problem of performing transmit antenna selection in the downlink of a single cell, multiuser massive MIMO system by maximizing the downlink sum-rate capacity with fixed user power allocation subject to various RF switching constraints. Whereas prior work has focused on using convex relaxation based schemes, which lack theoretical performance guarantees and can be computationally demanding, we adopt a very different approach. We establish that the objective function of this antenna selection problem is monotone and satisfies an important property known as submodularity , while the RF switching constraints are expressible as the independent sets of a matroid. This implies that a simple greedy algorithm can be used to guarantee a constant-factor approximation for all problem instances. Simulations indicate that greedy selection yields a near-optimal solution in practice and captures a significant fraction of the total downlink channel capacity at substantially lower complexity relative to convex relaxation based approaches, even with very few RF chains. This paves the way for substantial reduction in hardware complexity of massive MIMO systems while using very simple algorithms.
A comparison of organic fungicides: alternatives for reducing scab on pecan

In the southeastern USA, the most widespread and damaging disease of pecan is scab, caused by Venturia effusa. Although scab can be controlled using conventional chemical methods, organic pecans that attract a premium price mandate the use of organic fungicides. Also, organic production is an environmentally sustainable method. However, where susceptible pecan cultivars are grown, there are limited options for organic management of scab. We conducted experiments to compare organic fungicides to control scab on the susceptible cv. Desirable in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016. The alternatives compared included Bordeaux mixture, compost tea, sodium bicarbonate, Bacillus subtilis, sulfur, cuprous oxide, and extract of the Giant Knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis). Rainfall and scab severity differed between seasons. There was consistently low severity on foliage, with little or no difference between treatments. Similarly at the time of the first fruit assessment, the severity was low and the differences in severity small and inconsistent between seasons and treatments. However, by the time of the second fruit assessment, severity of scab had increased and consistent differences among treatments existed (except in the drought year of 2011, when scab severities were very low and similar to the control). In all other years, the control treatment had significantly more severe scab compared to some (2012 and 2014) or all other treatments (2015 and 2016). Extract of the Giant Knotweed as a fungicide was included in 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016, and fruit on those trees had less severe scab in all years compared to that on fruit of the control trees. In three seasons (2012, 2015, and 2016), applications of Bordeaux mixture resulted in a reduction in scab severity. Compost tea, Sodium bicarbonate, B. subtilis, sulfur, and cuprous oxide significantly reduced scab compared to the control in one or two seasons, but were not consistent among seasons, and were never more efficacious compared to the extract of the Giant Knotweed. Extract of the Giant Knotweed and Bordeaux mixture appear to offer the greatest potential as organic approaches for managing scab in pecan. However, wherever possible, planting of scab resistant cultivars should be considered as a first line of defense.
UNIT 21.2 Fluorescence Microscopy

Absorption of energy as light by some molecules and emission of energy as fluorescence can occur only at certain wavelengths, which are characteristic for a given molecule (fluorophore). Fluorescence microscopes are equipped to observe the fluorescence of one or more specific fluorophores to localize specific molecules and analyzed cellular structures. This unit discusses the optics and other components of the fluorescence microscope, their functions and adjustments, and the digital darkroom.
Insuring Good Health: Outcomes and Acceptability of a Participatory Health Insurance Literacy Intervention in Diverse Urban Communities.

Background. The U.S. uninsured rate has dropped significantly since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), yet insurance coverage remains lower in historically marginalized communities than ...
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Myophage Mutine.

ABSTRACT Mutine is a myophage of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here, we present the complete genome of Mutine (161,502 bp) and show that it is similar to that of phage Vi01.