cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fathers' Anger and Their Sons' Socioemotional and Academic Outcomes with Implications for Forgiveness

It has been empirically supported that father involvement has positive influences on child outcomes, but depending on the ways through which fathers engage with their children, negative child outcomes can ensue as well. The goal of the study was to examine which specific areas of child outcomes would be influenced by fathers' state and trait anger and total anger expression (anger expressed minus controlled) and to explore the potential of fathers' forgiveness in ameliorating child outcomes. Eighty-two couples with sons between 9-11 years of age from a national sample responded to an online survey where mothers filled out an instrument on their sons' socioemotional and academic outcomes and gave demographic information about their sons' fathers and subsequently, fathers filled out instruments on their anger and forgiveness. Results showed that fathers' state and trait anger and total anger expression were positively associated with their sons' emotional sensitivity/anxiety and fathers' state anger and total anger expression were positively associated with their sons' negative peer relationships. While there was a positive relationship between sons' socioemotional and academic outcomes, there was no relationship between father outcomes and sons' academic outcomes. Lastly, a negative correlation between fathers' anger and forgiveness was found as expected, but no relationship between fathers' forgiveness and child outcomes was found. The potential effects of reducing father's anger on child outcomes as well as limitations of the study and future directions are discussed.
Transportation Resilience to Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events - Beyond Risk and Robustness

Abstract The long-term reliability and functioning of transportation systems will increasingly need to consider and plan for climate change and extreme weather events. Transportation systems have largely been designed and operated for historical climate conditions that are now often exceeded. Emerging knowledge of how to plan for climate change largely embraces risk-based thinking favoring more robust infrastructure designs. However, there remain questions about whether this approach is sufficient given the uncertainty and non-stationarity of the climate, and many other driving factors affecting transportation systems (e.g., funding, rapid technological change, population and utilization shifts, etc.). This paper examines existing research and knowledge related to the vulnerability of the transportation system to climate change and extreme weather events and finds that there are both direct and indirect “pathways of disruption.” Direct pathways of disruption consist of both abrupt impacts to physical infrastructure and impacts via non-physical factors such as human health, behavior, and decision making. Similarly, indirect pathways of disruption result from interconnections with other critical infrastructure and social systems. Currently, the direct pathways appear to receive much of the focus in vulnerability and risk assessments, and the predominant approach for addressing these pathways of disruption emphasizes strengthening and armoring infrastructure (robustness) guided by risk analysis. However, our analysis reveals that indirect pathways of disruption can have meaningful impacts, while also being less amenable to robustness-based approaches. As a result, we posit that concepts like flexibility and agility appear to be well suited to complement the status quo of robustness by addressing the indirect and non-physical pathways of disruption that often prove challenging - thereby improving the resilience of transportation systems.
Empirical Literature on Financial Crises: Fundamentals vs. Panic

There are two basic approaches to explaining financial crises. One argues that they are driven by bad fundamentals, while the other one argues that they reflect panic or coordination failures among investors. The empirical literature has established a fairly strong link between fundamentals and crises, suggesting support for the fundamental-based view and not for the panic-based view. However, in theory, the two approaches are not mutually exclusive: the link between fundamentals and crises does not go against the validity of the panic-based view. In fact, there are models that predict panic to be triggered by low fundamentals. This chapter reviews empirical evidence in the financial crises literature in light of the tension between the fundamental-based and panic-based approaches. It points out the limited ability to draw conclusions on the validity of the panic-based approach and describes possibilities for identifying panic in the data.
Civic Participation Reimagined: Youth Interrogation and Innovation in the Multimodal Public Sphere:

This chapter challenges dominant narratives about the civic disengagement of youth from marginalized communities by reconceptualizing what counts as civic participation in public life and how youth...
Searching in the City of Lost Memories: La mujer sin piano (2009) and Post-11-M Trauma

Javier Rebollo’s 2009 film, La mujer sin piano, offers a chronicle of everyday female alienation in contemporary Madrid. However, one can also read the film as a symbolic rendition of collective grief and the haunting past of March 11 embodied in the character played by Carmen Machi. Both gendered violence and historical memory are connected and articulated in the movie by spatiality—public and private urban spaces—and its social and ideological implications. Although the film seems to focus on the two characters’ friendship and frustrated escape—a working class housewife and an Eastern European immigrant—the recurrent presence of the Iraq War in the media and even the irruption of death give the filmic text a more nuanced and tragic meaning.
Indications and Techniques for Anterior Thoracolumbar Resections and Reconstructions

Metastatic spinal tumors are the most common spinal neoplasms and often lead to significant morbidity due to neurological dysfunction and axial pain. Indications for resection and subsequent reconstruction of thoracolumbar spine tumors include intractable pain, impending spinal instability, progressive compression of the spinal cord by bony elements, and symptomatic compression of those neural structures by radio-resistant tumors. When deciding on a surgical approach, the location of the pathology and any neural compression should be considered first. The predicted life expectancy of each patient (Tokuhashi score) should also be strongly considered when considering indications for surgery as well as determining a specific reconstruction method. Although posterior approaches are often used for spinal tumor resection, there are anterior approaches to the cervical spine, cervicothoracic junction, thoracic spine, thoracolumbar junction, and lumbar spine that will be reviewed in detail below. Each surgical approach has its advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully tailored for each patient, with the deciding focus on the location of the pathology within the spinal column.
Docetaxel (Taxotere) in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Considerations of both molecular biology and data from in vitro studies suggest a potential for the combination of docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) with estramustine in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Based on data from two phase I studies, the docetaxel dose recommended for phase II study in combination with estramustine in minimally and extensively pretreated patients is 70 mg/m2 and 60 mg/m2, respectively. The dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. In one phase I study, 63% of the 34 patients treated showed at least a 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen. An objective response was seen in 28% of patients with measurable disease, and overall median survival (22.8 months) is highly encouraging. In the second study, 82% of 17 patients showed a greater than 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen and, at the 70 mg/m2 dose level, two of six patients showed prostate-specific antigen normalization. Phase II studies have demonstrated more than 50% declines in 59% to 88% of patients treated at 70 mg/m2. Although reduction of the dose of estramustine appears to result in a somewhat lower response rate, the contribution made by estramustine to the efficacy of the estramustine/docetaxel combination must be established by randomized trials. Dexamethasone, however, does not appear to significantly contribute to the response rate of estramustine and docetaxel. Phase III studies comparing docetaxel plus estramustine with mitoxantrone plus corticosteroids are currently being planned. If the promise of docetaxel hormone-refractory prostate cancer is realized, it may be appropriate to design clinical trials that evaluate docetaxel-based regimens as adjuvant therapy in patients who are at a high risk for relapse after definitive local therapy.
Soil organisms and litter decomposition

The processes associated with the physical breakdown of litter, the transfer of organic matter and nutrients to the soil, and the release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere are all components of decomposition. Resource quality, decomposer organisms, and physicochemical conditions influence the decomposition of plant residues (Figure 16.1). Resource quality is defined by the chemical composition of the plant residues such as the C: N ratio, lignin, and polyphenol contents (Melillo et al., 1982; Palm and Sanchez, 1991; Tian et al., 1997). Physicochemical conditions include both climate and soil parent material, and help determine abiotic soil characteristics that in turn influence litter quality and, ultimately, the activity and composition of microbial and invertebrate communities (Wardle and Lavelle, 1997). Although decomposition is mainly the result of microbial activities, soil fauna are important in conditioning the litter and in stimulating microbial actions (Coleman and Crossley, 1996).
Ovarian follicular and luteal characteristics in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows using prostaglandin F2α with or without GnRH at the onset of the 5-day CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol.

Abstract A modification of the standard 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR procedure (5-day Bee Synch + CIDR; Bee Synch), developed for use in Bos indicus-influenced cows, utilizes the addition of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Day 0 of the protocol to eliminate mature corpora lutea (CL) and fixed-time AI (FTAI) at 66 h. Objectives were to test the hypothesis that elimination of GnRH on Day 0 (GnRH-1) does not impact significantly the synchronized development of a dominant follicle for presumptive FTAI. Seventy-one estrous cycling Brangus and Brahman x Hereford suckled cows were used in two replicates (35–36/replicate). Following stratification, cows were assigned randomly to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments involving two truncated (no FTAI or GnRH-2) versions of Bee Synch (Bee Synch It and IIt), each begun 3, 7, and 10 days post-ovulation. Cows in Bee Synch It received 100 μg GnRH (GnRH-1), 25 mg PGF, and a CIDR on Day 0, whereas cows assigned to Bee Synch IIt received the same treatment but without GnRH-1. All cows received 50 mg PGF on Day 5 at CIDR removal. Synchronized new follicular wave emergence (NFWE; days 1–4) was observed in 68.6 and 38.9% of Bee Synch It and IIt, respectively (P = 0.01). This increased to 93.3% and 72.2%, respectively, if days 0–4 were considered. Inclusion of GnRH at CIDR insertion improved synchronized NFWE but size of the largest follicle at 66 h, the normal time of FTAI, did not differ due to treatment or day of the estrous cycle.
Synthetic Factors Governing Access to Tris(β-diketimine) Cyclophanes versus Tripodal Tri-β-aminoenones.

Tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes are an important ligand class for investigating cooperative multimetallic interactions of bioinorganic clusters. Discussed herein are the synthetic factors governing ...
Osteopontin and iCD8α cells promote intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes homeostasis

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) comprise a diverse population of cells residing in the epithelium at the interface between the intestinal lumen and the sterile environment of the lamina propria. Because of this anatomical location, IEL are considered critical components of intestinal immune responses. Indeed, IEL are involved in many different immunological processes ranging from pathogen control to tissue stability. However, despite their critical importance in mucosal immune responses, very little is known about the homeostasis of different IEL subpopulations. The phosphoprotein osteopontin is important for critical physiological processes, including cellular immune responses such as survival of Th17 cells and homeostasis of NK cells, among others. Because of its impact in the immune system, we investigated the role of osteopontin in the homeostasis of IEL. Here, we report that mice deficient in the expression of osteopontin exhibit reduced numbers of the IEL subpopulations TCRγδ+, TCRβ+CD4+, TCRβ+CD4+CD8α+ and TCRβ+CD8αα+ cells in comparison to wild-type mice. For some IEL subpopulations the decrease in cells numbers could be attributed to apoptosis and reduced cell division. Moreover, we show in vitro that exogenous osteopontin stimulates the survival of murine IEL subpopulations and unfractionated IEL derived from human intestines, an effect mediated by CD44, a known osteopontin receptor. We also show that iCD8α IEL, but not TCRγδ+ IEL, TCRβ+ IEL or intestinal epithelial cells, can promote survival of different IEL populations via osteopontin, indicating an important role for iCD8α cells in the homeostasis of IEL.
Exploring maternal adversity and childhood outcomes among low-income rural families

Abstract Background Research has linked adversity among mothers to poorer outcomes among their offspring. However, additional inquiry is warranted particularly in rural communities where risk factors for adversity are prevalent. Objective This study had two objectives: (1) to describe and compare relationships between individual and cumulative maternal adversity with childhood outcomes; and, (2) to determine if mother-child attachment mediated the relationship between maternal adversity and childhood outcomes. Participants and Setting A convenient sample of 140 women with low socio-economic status (SES) were recruited through Head Start programs in the rural Midwest. Methods Data was gathered using a survey comprised of multiple measures to assess maternal adversity and childhood outcomes (i.e. behavior and attachment). Data were analyzed in SPSS using bivariate and multivariate analyses, including stepwise regression. Results Nearly 80 % of respondents experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) and 48 % reported having one or more traumatic experiences. Higher levels of adversity were associated with increased attention problems, increased emotional reactivity, and decreased harmonious attachment (p Conclusions Low-SES mothers in rural communities have significant histories of adversity. It is important to consider individual and cumulative adverse experiences, as well as the mother’s perception of events as traumatic. Factors associated with rural communities and Head Start programming, as well as implications for research and practice surrounding maternal adversity and childhood outcomes, are discussed.
Behavioral Finance: Are the Disciples Profiting from the Doctrine?

We analyze 16 mutual funds that are self-proclaimed or media-identified disciples of behavioral finance to determine whether: (a) they successfully attract investment dollars and (b) their strategies earn abnormal returns for their investors. We find these funds are successfully attracting investment dollars, outperform S&P 500 index funds, load especially heavily on the HML factor, but fail to earn risk-adjusted abnormal returns. Our results suggest behavioral mutual funds are tantamount to value investing and not much more.
Microwave Sensing for Estimating Cranberry Crop Yield: A Pilot Study Using Simulated Canopies and Field Measurement Testbeds

We present the results of an experimental and computational pilot study of cranberry crop yield prediction using low-power microwave sensing and machine learning. We simulated backscattered radiation from cranberry canopies using plane-wave illumination with frequency content from 300 to 2400 MHz. The computational canopy domains allowed for variable soil moisture and cranberry yield in terms of cranberry mass per 1 ft² of canopy surface area. We collected experimental field data with a prototype open-ended waveguide sensor operating between 600 and 1300 MHz. We measured experimental microwave signals by placing our sensor directly on top of cranberry-crop bed canopies in central Wisconsin and recording reflection coefficients across the operating band. We implemented a machine learning approach to map the microwave reflection coefficients to yield. The mapping procedure involves dimensionality reduction with principal component analysis, supervised learning with linear discriminant analysis, and error-correcting output codes. The idealized computational results demonstrate the feasibility of discriminating three cranberry volume fractions that are representative of central Wisconsin field conditions, at frequencies below 2 GHz. Performance evaluations of the machine learning algorithm applied to the measured field data indicated that, in 81% of test cases, the predicted crop yield had less than 8% error. Most importantly, the average yield prediction error was less than 1.3%. These pilot study results provide strong evidence that machine learning enables accurate cranberry yield estimation when trained with in situ (field) microwave backscattered signals.
Socio-Economic Status as a Risk Factor in Economic and Physical Harm from COVID-19: Evidence from the United States

This paper provides an empirical summary of the relationship between social-economic status (SES) and the economic and disease burden of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Specifically, we examine how well income, education, race, and ethnicity predict disproportionate risk of layoff, income loss, infection, and death related to COVID-19 in the United States at the individual level and small geographic unit level. To study the disease burden, we rely on large-scale Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services data, Census Household Pulse Survey data, and a zip code database that we constructed from disparate public records to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 infection and death risk. We study economic effects using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Household Pulse data. We find that low socio-economic status is strongly related to higher risk of physical harm (100%-200% greater) and economic harm (30%-100% greater) related to the pandemic. Education and income have similar effect sizes as racial and ethnic disparities, with American Indian, Black, and Hispanic Americans facing consistently worse outcomes. To shed light on potential mechanisms, we use Gallup survey data and other sources to investigate how disease-prevention measures relate to socio-economic status; we demonstrate that disparities across socio-economic status do not appear to be linked to preventive behaviors—such as social distancing and mask use, which are no lower and sometimes higher in lower-socio-economic status individuals—but do appear to be linked to occupation- or industry-related exposure that put lower socio-economic households at higher risk of disease or layoff.
Fake News in Social Media: A Supply and Demand Approach

We introduce a model of a platform in which users encounter news of unknown veracity. Users vary in their propensity to share news and can learn the veracity of news at a cost. In turn, the production of fake news is both more sensitive to sharing rates and cheaper than its truthful counterpart. As in traditional markets, the equilibrium prevalence of fake news is determined by a demand and supply of misinformation. However, unlike in traditional markets, the exercise of market power is generally limited unless segmentation methods are employed. Combating fake news by lowering verification costs can be ineffective due to the demand for misinformation only being weakly reduced. Likewise, the use of algorithms that imperfectly filter news for users can lead to greater prevalence and diffusion of misinformation. Our findings highlight the important role of natural elasticity measures for policy evaluation.
The Unlikely Pressure for Accountability: The Insurance Industry’s Role in Social Change

The summer of 2020 witnessed a national reckoning: the murder of George Floyd and the resulting unprecedented Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests. As the BLM movement gained unsurpassed traction, corporate America jumped to show support: nearly 70% of the five hundred largest companies made statements in support of racial justice and more than a third provided financial donations to racial justice organizations/causes. Countless companies made public promises regarding their commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) within their organizations. However, companies have largely failed to live up to those promises. The result—a frenzy of diversity driven derivative suits against boards and officers for that failure. Although Director and Officer (DO as premiums increase, limits are lowered, and coverage is dropped, the possibility of a new catalyst for accountability arises—the D&O insurance industry.
"It changed everything": The safe Home care qualitative study of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on home care aides, clients, and managers.

BACKGROUND Home care (HC) services are crucial to the health and social wellbeing of older adults, people with disabilities, and the chronically ill. Although the HC sector is growing rapidly in the USA, there is high job turnover among the HC aide workforce. HC provides an important alternative to facility-based care, yet it has often been overlooked within the larger health care system: most recently, in COVID-19 pandemic planning. The objective of the study was to characterize qualitatively the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on three key HC stakeholders: clients, aides, and agency managers. METHODS The study included 37 phone interviews conducted during April - November 2020: HC clients (n = 9), aides (n = 16), and agency managers (n = 12). All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis of the transcripts followed the grounded theory approach. The interview transcriptions were coded line-by-line into hierarchical themes with NVivo 12 software which allowed weighting of themes based on the number of interviews where they were coded. RESULTS Fear of infection and transmission among HC clients and aides were strong themes. Infection prevention and control became the top priority guiding day-to-day business operations at agencies; sourcing adequate personal protective equipment for staff was the most urgent task. HC aides expressed concerns for their clients who showed signs of depression, due to increased isolation during the pandemic. The disappearance of comforting touch - resulting from physical distancing practices - altered the expression of compassion in the HC aide-client care relationship. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the pandemic has further increased psychosocial job demands of HC aides. Increased isolation of clients may be contributing to a wider public health problem of elder loneliness and depression. To support the HC stakeholders during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, for future pandemic planning or other health emergencies, it is important to improve HC aide job retention. This action could also ease the serious care services shortage among the growing population of older adults.
Basic Experiments Suggest Generalizing Quantum Mechanics

The objective for this chapter is to determine precisely how and why the ordinary quantum approach to measurement is insufficient for describing many basic experiments, and to obtain hints on how to generalize quantum theory in ways sufficient to handle the experiments we will discuss. In particular, we will argue that positive operator valued measures, and especially operators of localization on phase space, are natural choices for the description of a variety of experiments, including the standard ones in physics as well as some very non-standard ones.
Knowledge Management implementation in UK Public Sector

History shows that most management philosophies were first practiced in the large company (McAdam and Reid 2000) and once they gained acceptance were adopted in other sectors, including government. Programs such as those associated with New Public Management (NPM) suggest that public organisations should import managerial processes from the private sector, emulating their successful techniques. Examples include enterprise resource planning (ERM), business process re-engineering (BPR), total quality management (TQM) and Knowledge Management (KM). KM involves systematic approaches to find, understand, and use knowledge to achieve organisational objectives. KM has for sometime been at the core of government tasks, inseparable from strategy, planning, consultation and implementation (OECD 2001). Governments, realising the importance of KM to policy-making and service delivery to the public; with some government departments beginning to put KM high on their agenda, however evidence drawn from the existing literature suggests that public sector is falling behind in these practices (Cong and Pandya, 2003). KM implementation is challenging, strategies and plans for implementation must be carefully planned in advance to succeed in attempt and effort; challenges will not be met without adjustment. This paper presents the results of in-depth case-based research with three UK public sector bodies. Qualitative findings support current literature, anecdotal quotations offer insight into the views of those involved in public sector KM implementation. The paper identifies issues for government to consider and address, such as raising awareness, understanding the KM concept, managing knowledge processes, choosing initiatives that are fit for purpose, gaining and adding value to public services.
New insights into the acute actions from a high dosage of fluoxetine on neuronal and cardiac function: Drosophila, crayfish and rodent models

The commonly used mood altering drug fluoxetine (Prozac) in humans has a low occurrence in reports of harmful effects from overdose; however, individuals with altered metabolism of the drug and accidental overdose have led to critical conditions and even death. We addressed direct actions of high concentrations on synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), neural properties, and cardiac function unrelated to fluoxetine's action as a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. There appears to be action in blocking action potentials in crayfish axons, enhanced occurrences of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion events in the presynaptic terminals at NMJs of both Drosophila and crayfish. In rodent neurons, cytoplasmic Ca(2+) rises by fluoxetine and is thapsigargin dependent. The Drosophila larval heart showed a dose dependent effect in cardiac arrest. Acute paralytic behavior in crayfish occurred at a systemic concentration of 2mM. A high percentage of death as well as slowed development occurred in Drosophila larvae consuming food containing 100μM fluoxetine. The release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum in neurons and the cardiac tissue as well as blockage of voltage-gated Na(+) channels in neurons could explain the effects on the whole animal as well as the isolated tissues. The use of various animal models in demonstrating the potential mechanisms for the toxic effects with high doses of fluoxetine maybe beneficial for acute treatments in humans. Future studies in determining how fluoxetine is internalized in cells and if there are subtle effects of these mentioned mechanisms presented with chronic therapeutic doses are of general interest.
Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo. II. Effects of thiourea treatment on plasma total thyroxine levels and thyroidal 125I uptake.

After thiourea administration to chick embryos on Day 5.5, total plasma thyroxine concentrations were significantly decreased on Days 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, and 11.5 of incubation. Also, radioiodide uptake in normal and thiourea-treated embryos was measured at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 hr post-treatment on all days studied. There was no statistically significant difference in radioiodide uptake between normal and goitrogen-treated embryos on Days 7.5 and 9.5. However, on Days 10.5 and 11.5, a statistically significant increase in radioiodide uptake was observed in thiourea-treated individuals as compared to nontreated embryos. Thyroid wet weights were compared between normal and thiourea-treated embryos on all days studied. There were no statistically significant differences in wet weights between normal and goitrogen-treated individuals on the days assayed. The data indicate that on Day 10.5 of incubation, the pituitary and/or hypothalamus of the chick embryo first responds to decreases in circulating T4 levels. Thus, the maturation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid axis during Days 10.0–13.0 of development in the chick embryo may be similar to that found in sheep and humans at midgestation.
Women and Children Last: The Prosecution of Sex Traffickers as Sex Offenders and the Need for a Sex Trafficker Registry

Sex trafficking is a moral and legal tragedy that affects thousands in the United States and abroad. The U.S. State Department estimates that human traffickers bring between 14,500 and 17,500 persons annually into the United States for various avenues of exploitation, including involuntary servitude and forced prostitution. Human traffickers are highly organized into criminal syndicates that reap exponential profits exploiting vulnerable women and children. Individual states struggle to prosecute traffickers and must rely on federal prosecution of trafficking enterprises. International cooperation with local law enforcement is essential in combating trafficking, especially in the sex trade. This Article proposes that an international database be maintained to track the whereabouts of prosecuted traffickers, similar to the sex offender registry in the United States. Like the U.S. sex offender laws, which seek to dramatically decrease recidivism among sex offenders, an international registry could have a deterrent effect on trafficking. Limiting and monitoring the travel of convicted traffickers would be a new avenue that international law enforcement and governing bodies could use to contain the pernicious practice of trafficking.
Authenticated Operation of Open Computing Devices

We describe how an open computing device can be extended to allow individual programs and operating systems to have exclusive access to cryptographic keys. This problem is of fundamental importance in areas such as virus protection, protection of servers from network attacks, network administration and copy protection. We seek a system that can be unconditionally robust against software attacks. This requires measures in hardware and in software. Our analysis allows us to minimize the amount of additional hardware needed to support the system.
NON-DIRECTED SELF-DISCLOSURE IN THE BLOGOSPHERE: Exploring the persistence of interpersonal communication norms

Social exchange via personal blogs challenges traditional norms regarding interpersonal communication due to the typically non-directed nature of self-disclosure inherent in blogging. This study investigates the relationship between bloggers' individual differences in terms of gender, their intended audiences, tendencies towards self-disclosure, and expectations for familiar communication norms such as equitable reciprocity. The results from a survey of 145 bloggers from 32 countries suggest that bloggers' self-disclosure tendencies and their inclination to target their content towards strong-tie networks are positively associated with the adoption of traditional self-disclosure norms when using blogs. Additionally, results indicate that while female bloggers expect others to acknowledge posts to their blogs, they do not feel obligated to acknowledge others' posts.
Diabetes and the brain: More information needed

Hyperglycemia is clearly associated with the longterm risk of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications. Treatment to reduce hyperglycemia, as determined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), reduces the occurrence and slows the progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in adults [1] and adolescents [2,3] as well as the macrovascular complications [4]. Despite overall improved glycemic control from newer diabetes management technologies that have developed during the last three decades (insulin analogs, self-blood glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM] sensors), hypoglycemia continues to be a limiting factor in achieving a euglycemic state in insulin-treated (type 1 and insulin-requiring type 2) diabetes mellitus [5]. Even today, with the best of technologies available, persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) spend a significant portion of each day hyperglycemic and/or hypoglycemic. This is clear from many studies, most notably from the JDRF CGM Study [6] in which an average of 395 min (6.5 hr) of the day were spent with blood glucoses (BG) >180 mg/dL, 101 min (1.7 hr) with BG >250 mg/dL and 60 min (1 hr) of the day with BGs 180 mg/dL, 268 min (4.5 hr) with BG >250 mg/dL and 47 min (0.8 hr) with BG <70 mg/dL. Nearly half the day, on average, was spent either hypoor hyperglycemic. In years past, when hypoglycemia was considered to be the major contributor to cognitive deficits in children with diabetes, we were satisfied with allowing a higher glycemic target in children so as to avoid hypoglycemia. Coupling the observations from the JDRF CGM study with the associated cognitive impairment in either hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic state leaves caregivers of patients with T1DM with an important challenge: What is the best range to target blood glucose to maximize the benefits of glycemic control for the prevention of the long-term vascular complications while minimizing the potential for cognitive and CNS complications associated with both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? In this issue of the Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Kaufmann et al. report their findings from a crosssectional study using cognitive testing and brain MRI in 30 “pediatric patients” (6 20 years old) with T1DM and 19 similarly-aged non-diabetic controls. The T1DM subjects were analyzed in two groups, one (n = 15) with HbA1c < 8.0% (“low HbA1c group”) and the other with *Address for correspondence: Neil H. White, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Co-Unit Leader, Patient-Oriented Research Unit (PORU), Director, Pediatric Clinical Research Unit (PCRU), Department of Pediatrics, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8116, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Tel.: +1 314 286 1157; Fax: +1 314 286 1187; E-mail: white_n@kids.wustl.edu. Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology 1 (2012) 3–5 DOI 10.3233/PNR-2012-002 IOS Press 3
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS: THE CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES OF POLICE AND SOCIAL SERVICES*

Although community responses to the problem of intimate partner violence typically focus on increasing and improving policing and social services, few studies have examined the relationship among police force size, social service providers, and women's safety at home. To address this issue, we use data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine patterns of intimate partner violence for 40 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) over a 16-year period (1989-2004). We analyze the data using three-level multilevel models, with individual respondents (N = 487,166) nested within years, nested within MSAs. Net of other important individual and contextual factors, the results show that women's likelihood of victimization is significantly lower in MSAs that employ more sworn officers per capita, whereas the states' mandatory arrest laws are not found to have significant independent effects. Above and beyond the effects of police force size, we also find a significant negative relationship between the size of the social service workforce and intimate partner violence. Future research should develop collaborative data collection efforts to examine the specific activities of police and social service workers in dealing with intimate partner violence so that the mechanisms underlying these significant relationships can be understood more clearly. Language: en
The evaluation of inner products of multivariate simplex splines

This paper gives a general method for the stable evaluation of inner products of multivariate simplex splines. The method is based on a recurrence relation for these inner products. The base cases for this recurrence relation are handled by triangulating certain simploids into simplices.
Altered perception of species-specific song by female birds after lesions of a forebrain nucleus

Female birds that do not normally sing possess brain nuclei associated with song production in males. To determine whether one song nucleus, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc), acts in conspecific song perception, courtship responses of female canaries to canary and white-crowned sparrow songs were compared before and after HVc lesions. Bilateral lesions of a portion of the HVc resulted in copulation solicitations to heterospecific song as well as conspecific song. Control females continued to respond only to conspecific song. This suggests that the HVc is critical for conspecific song perception in females. Because female canaries do not normally sing, neurons in female HVc must develop response selectivity by a mechanism different from that proposed for male birds in the motor theory of song perception.
Fused Traditional and Geometric Morphometrics Demonstrate Pinniped Whisker Diversity

Vibrissae (whiskers) are important components of the mammalian tactile sensory system, and primarily function as detectors of vibrotactile information from the environment. Pinnipeds possess the largest vibrissae among mammals and their vibrissal hair shafts demonstrate a diversity of shapes. The vibrissae of most phocid seals exhibit a beaded morphology with repeating sequences of crests and troughs along their length. However, there are few detailed analyses of pinniped vibrissal morphology, and these are limited to a few species. Therefore, we comparatively characterized differences in vibrissal hair shaft morphologies among phocid species with a beaded profile, phocid species with a smooth profile, and otariids with a smooth profile using traditional and geometric morphometric methods. Traditional morphometric measurements (peak-to-peak distance, crest width, trough width and total length) were collected using digital photographs. Elliptic Fourier analysis (geometric morphometrics) was used to quantify the outlines of whole vibrissae. The traditional and geometric morphometric datasets were subsequently combined by mathematically scaling each to true rank, followed by a single eigendecomposition. Quadratic discriminant function analysis demonstrated that 79.3, 97.8 and 100% of individuals could be correctly classified to their species based on vibrissal shape variables in the traditional, geometric and combined morphometric analyses, respectively. Phocids with beaded vibrissae, phocids with smooth vibrissae, and otariids each occupied distinct morphospace in the geometric morphometric and combined data analyses. Otariids split into two groups in the geometric morphometric analysis and gray seals appeared intermediate between beaded- and smooth-whiskered species in the traditional and combined analyses. Vibrissal hair shafts modulate the transduction of environmental stimuli to the mechanoreceptors in the follicle-sinus complex (F-SC), which results in vibrotactile reception, but it is currently unclear how the diversity of shapes affects environmental signal modulation.
Linewise Raman-Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements in flames using an unintensified charge-coupled device

One-dimensional, spatially resolved (linewise), temporally averaged Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements with 200 μm spatial resolution and 6% precision uncertainty are demonstrated in an opposed-jet-diffusion flame of air vs N2-diluted H2 using the Raman-Stokes/anti-Stokes technique. The Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature profile is compared to temperature measurements obtained using all major species'Q-branches and differences between the two sets of results are discussed. In addition, single-pulse, linewise measurements with 710 μm spatial resolution and 19% precision uncertainty are also demonstrated. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of linewise Stokes/anti-Stokes temperature measurements in flames. Simultaneous measurements of the N2 Stokes and anti-Stokes vibrationalQ-branches are obtained by using an unintensified Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) that is gated by a ferro-electric liquid crystal light valve and/or a low duty cycle optical chopper to suppress detected flame luminosity. This detection system provides increased detection efficiency, dynamic range, and imaged spectral range over an intensified CCD, allowing spatially resolved Stokes and anti-Stokes signals to be imaged onto one detector.
Analysis of synthetic cannabinoids using high-resolution mass spectrometry and mass defect filtering: Implications for nontargeted screening of designer drugs

Detection of new designer drugs remains an analytical challenge because of the ability of manufacturers to rapidly substitute closely related analogs for banned substances. Traditional targeted mass spectrometry methods rely on library searches, known masses, or multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and are therefore often unable to detect or identify recently discovered or yet unreported designer drug analogs. Here, high-resolution mass spectrometry in conjunction with mass defect filtering is presented as a method for nontargeted analysis to detect both known and novel analogs of designer drugs. The technique is applied in depth to a family of designer drugs composed of indole-derived synthetic cannabinoids closely related to JWH-018, a substance recently controlled in the United States. A single mass defect filter with a 50 mDa window encompasses over 80% of all currently published structures in this family. Searching for precursor ions of common fragment ions enables detection of compounds with mass defects that fall outside the range of mass defect filter parameters. Application of a mass defect filter to fragment ions prior to precursor ion searching increases the breadth of analogs that can be detected. The combined approach defines a broad-spectrum search for related molecules.
EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS IV. THE EFFECT OF VARYING THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF A RICKETS-PRODUCING DIET.

1. Rachitic bone lesions may be produced in rats by a diet containing an excess of calcium, but deficient in phosphates. 2. Similar lesions follow a diet deficient in calcium, but containing an excess of phosphates. The endochondral lesions, however, are less pronounced. 3. A diet deficient in both calcium and phosphate induces atypical rickets. 4. Inorganic salts other than calcium or phosphate seem to be without influence upon the development or prevention of rachitic lesions. 5. The minimal amount of phosphate (calculated as P) required for normal calcification in young growing rats (30 to 50 gm.) on the diets used in these experiments is approximately 160 mg. per 100 gm. of diet. At 135 mg. individual variations come into play; at 110 mg., or less, rickets invariably follows. 6. An excess of calcium is not necessary to the production of the rachitic lesions. A reduction of the calcium lactate of Diet 84 to 0.6 per cent (111 mg. of Ca per 100 gm. of diet) still results in the development of typical rickets. 7. Adult rats react to a deficiency of phosphate in the diet by the production of calcium-free osteoid in abnormal amount about the spongiosa and cortex. There is not produced any alteration of the epiphyseal cartilage, as in growing animals.
The melting point adjustment of calcium chloride hexahydrate by addition of potassium chloride or calcium bromide hexahydrate

Etude calorimetrique de l'influence d'additions de chlorure de potassium ou de bromure de calcium hexahydrate sur le comportement a la fusion du chlorure de calcium hexohydrate
The Evolution of the Academic Research Library During the 1960s

Today's technologically based academic research library came about through a trans- formation of the academic research library during the 1960s. The transformation was generated by federal policies and programs. Aer World War II the federal government's Servicemen Readjustment Act was passed; it was popularly known as the G.I. Bill. It allowed veterans to attend college at the government's expense. Eventually about 12 million did. 1 At the beginning of the 1960s many veterans had received their bachelor's degree and were entering graduate school to do graduate work in arts and science and to study for professional degrees. This influx of graduate students placed a heavy burden on the library. The burden was immediately felt in the reference department and eventually in all other departments, especially in acquisitions and cataloging. The federal government's use of the uni- versity to carry out military research during WWII was continued in many universities long aer the war. This increased the burden on the library. Acquiring research materials for gradu- ate students and federal researchers intensified the burden on acquisitions and cataloging. Larger staffs and more space were required. Management of these growing departments required closer cooperation and coordination. To accomplish this, these departments were placed administratively in one unit called technical services. Meanwhile, students were overwhelming reference and circulation with requests for service. Reference hours were ex- tended, and faculty members and some gradu- ate students were allowed to go directly into the closed book stacks to get the materials they wanted and bring
2011 Kansas Library Association Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of the Kansas Library Association (KLA) was held April 6–8, 2011, in Topeka, KS, giving a brief respite and spring rejuvenation to academic and public librarians in the state.
Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations for the Gold Hydrides AuH, (H2)AuH, and the AuH3 Transition State Stabilized in (H2)AuH3

Reactions of laser-ablated gold atoms with hydrogen (H2, D2, HD) in excess argon and neon and in pure deuterium produced AuH and the (H2)AuH and (H2)AuH3 complexes in increasing yields, respectively, in these matrix hosts. The diatomic molecule AuH absorbs at 2226.6 cm-1 in solid argon, slightly blue shifted from the gas-phase value, and the stable (H2)AuH complex appears at 2173.6 cm-1 on annealing to allow diffusion and association of H2 and AuH. The higher (H2)AuH3 complex presents at 1642.0 cm-1 on deposition. In neon (H2)AuH and (H2)AuH3 give weak bands at 2170 and 1684 cm-1 with D2 counterparts at 1559 and 1207 cm-1, which become strong 1556.5 and 1198.6 cm-1 absorptions in pure deuterium. DFT structure and frequency calculations confirm these assignments and show that the AuH3 transition state with an imaginary b1 bending frequency is stabilized in the (H2)AuH3 complex with a real b1 bending frequency observed at 457.0 cm-1 for (D2)AuD3.
SERIES EXPANSIONS OF THE GENERALIZED K-BESSEL FUNCTIONS ON SYMMETRIC CONES

In this paper, we generalize the series expansion formula of classical K-Bessel functions to symmetric cones.