cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel online wide area voltage stability control algorithm for power systems: RT-VSMAC tool

With the increasing loads, changing generation mix, environmental limitations on the expansion of transmission system and increasing system complexity, power systems are being pushed to their stability limits. System instability behavior is often characterized by voltage instability, sometimes even leading to a blackout. With the installation of synchrophasor devices, real time voltage stability problem detection can be possible, which in turn can make fast and efficient online voltage stability control possible. This paper introduces a new software application ‘RT-VSMAC Tool’ for online voltage stability control of power systems. Simulation results using different IEEE test cases have been presented to show and validate the performance of this developed tool.
Patients With Co-Occurring Bipolar Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Rapid Review of the Literature

Objective To summarize the current literature on epidemiology, clinical correlates, and treatment of individuals with co-occurring bipolar disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data sources We conducted a focused, time-sensitive review called "rapid review" in November 2015, using keyword searches (including keywords bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, and others) in PubMed for studies of adults with co-occurring bipolar disorder and PTSD. Study selection Results were sorted and systematically searched. An article was excluded if it did not describe adult patients with co-occurring PTSD and bipolar disorder or did not report original data on epidemiology, clinical correlates, or treatment. Data extraction Information on study characteristics including population studied and key findings were extracted onto a data collection tool. Results Thirty-two articles were included. Over two-thirds of articles reported epidemiology of co-occurring bipolar disorder and PTSD. Prevalence of PTSD among individuals with bipolar disorder ranged from 4% to 40%, with women and those with bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder experiencing higher prevalence of PTSD. Prevalence of bipolar disorder among individuals with PTSD ranged from 6% to 55%. Baseline PTSD or bipolar disorder was associated with incidence of the other illness. Individuals with co-occurring bipolar disorder and PTSD experienced high symptom burden and low quality of life. No studies evaluated prospective treatment of patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and PTSD. Conclusions Bipolar disorder and PTSD commonly co-occur and result in greater symptom burden than either condition alone. Few published treatment strategies exist for patients with both conditions.
Hydrocarbon composition and concentrations in the Gulf of Mexico sediments in the 3 years following the Macondo well blowout

Abstract In April of 2010, the Macondo well blowout in the northern Gulf of Mexico resulted in an unprecedented release of oil into the water column at a depth of approximately 1500 m. A time series of surface and subsurface sediment samples were collected to the northwest of the well from 2010 to 2013 for molecular biomarker and bulk carbon isotopic analyses. While no clear trend was observed in subsurface sediments, surface sediments (0–3 cm) showed a clear pattern with total concentrations of n -alkanes, unresolved complex mixture (UCM), and petroleum biomarkers (terpanes, hopanes, steranes) increasing from May to September 2010, peaking in late November 2010, and strongly decreasing in the subsequent years. The peak in hydrocarbon concentrations were corroborated by higher organic carbon contents, more depleted Δ 14 C values and biomarker ratios similar to those of the initial MC252 crude oil reported in the literature. These results indicate that at least part of oil discharged from the accident sedimented to the seafloor in subsequent months, resulting in an apparent accumulation of hydrocarbons on the seabed by the end of 2010. Sediment resuspension and transport or biodegradation may account for the decrease in sedimented oil quantities in the years following the Macondo well spill.
Pulsus alternans: a visual clue to a grave disorder!

A 15-year-old, previously healthy teenager who had fatigue, shortness of breath, vomiting, chest discomfort, lower extremity oedema and inability to lay flat for 3 weeks prior to her initial presentation. She was warm, well perfused with alternating strong and weak central as well as peripheral pulses and laterally displaced cardiac impulse. Her monitoring showed visual evidence of ‘pulsus alternans’—alternating low and high amplitude waveforms on the arterial waveform and plethysmography (figure 1). Her echocardiography showed severely …
Truth in the Philosophical Sciences of Society, Politics, and History

To the question “what is truth?” Hegel replies (with Socrates and Aristotle and most other systematic thinkers of the West) that it is a ratio. He holds that it is not simple but composed, and that, in the pursuit of knowledge, it comes not among the first things, but among the last. More precisely: truth for Hegel is neither a subjective idea in itself nor an objective thing in itself, neither a universal abstractly conceived nor a particular empirically apprehended, but an adequate linking-together in reason (ratio) of thought and thing, universal and particular.
Mt. Spurr's 1992 eruptions

On June 27, 1992, the Crater Peak vent on the south side of Mt. Spurr awoke from 39 years of dormancy and burst into subplinian eruption after 10 months of elevated seismicity. Two more eruptions followed in August and September. The volcano lies 125-km west of Anchorage, which is Alaska's largest city and an important international hub for air travel. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) was able to warn communities and the aviation industry well in advance of these eruptions.
Demands of Integrated Care Delivery in Interventional Medicine and Anesthesiology: Interdisciplinary Teamwork and Strategy

Evolving financial and medical constraints fueled by the increasing repertoire of nonoperating room cases and widening scope of patient comorbidities are discussed. The need to integrate finances and care approaches is detailed, and strategic suggestions for broader collaborative practice are suggested.
Model Evaluation of New Techniques for Maintaining High-NO Conditions in Oxidation Flow Reactors for the Study of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Chemistry

Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) efficiently produce OH radicals using low-pressure Hg-lamp emissions at λ = 254 nm (OFR254) or both λ = 185 and 254 nm (OFR185). OFRs under most conditions are limited to studying low-NO chemistry (where RO2 + HO2 dominates RO2 fate), even though substantial amounts of initial NO may be injected. This is due to very fast NO oxidation by high concentrations of OH, HO2, and O3. In this study, we model new techniques for maintaining high-NO conditions in OFRs, that is, continuous NO addition along the length of the reactor in OFR185 (OFR185-cNO), recently proposed injection of N2O at the entrance of the reactor in OFR254 (OFR254-iN2O), and an extension of that idea to OFR185 (OFR185-iN2O). For these techniques, we evaluate (1) fraction of conditions dominated by RO2 + NO while avoiding significant nontropospheric photolysis and (2) fraction of conditions where reactions of precursors with OH dominate over unwanted reactions with NO3. OFR185-iN2O is the most practical for genera...
Clinical Work with Suicidal Adolescents and Their Families

The authors discuss psychosocial factors associated with three phases that lead to adolescent suicide attempts, assessment of risk, and treatment implications. Special focus is accorded to integrat...
Effect of Fibers on the Onset of Strain Localization in HPFRCC Subjected to Plane Stress Loading

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to quantify effect of fibers on the onset of strain localization in elastic-plastic cementitious composites. To this end, multidirectional fibers were e...
XXXXY syndrome in a phenotypic male infant with associated cardiac abnormalities.

A boy with 49,XXXXY karyotype is described with only mild mental retardation at 18 months. Physical abnormalities included patent ductus arteriosus, undescended testes, small penis, bilateral epicanthal folds, and incurved 5th digits with small middle phalanges. Literature review showed 7 previous cases of XXXXY patients with congenital heart disease. 23% of buccal cells showed 1 sex chromatin body; 26% showed 2 and 11% 3. Autoradiography demonstrated 3 heavily labelled X chromosomes. The heteropyknotic behavior of X Chromosomes in excess of one may provide some measure of protection against excessive numbers of X chromosomes, bence the relatively normal development of some XXXXY patients.
Alterations in bovine skeletal muscle desmin and the cytoskeleton induced by temperature and electrical stimulation

Alterations in the myofibrillar integrating cytoakeleton and its constituent protein, desmin, were assessed in bovine skeletal muscle at 1, 24 and 168 hours of postmortem storage. Changes assessed over post­ mortem storage in muscle subjected to usual (control) storage conditions (2°C) were compared to changes in tissue subjected to either of two con­ ditions known to Increase meat tenderness, i.e. high temperature (25°C) storage or electrical stimulation. Quantities of desmin extractable at the selected intervals were determined in part by densitometric scanning of the desmin band in polyacrylamide tube gels of desmin-enriched frac­ tions. Alterations in the protein were assessed with immunoautoradiographic slab gel labelling of selected protein fractions generated during the desmin-enriching protocol with monospecific anti-desmin antibodies. Results indicate that accelerated solubilization from the cytoskeleton and subsequent breakdown of desmin occur in both storage regimes associated with accelerated tenderization of bovine skeletal muscle. High temperature promotes tenderization by favoring conditions more acceptable to proteoly­ sis, while electrical stimulation accelerates tenderization by combined physical disruption of muscle ultrastructure and activation of muscle proteases. A highly insoluble 22,000 dalton polypeptide, not related to any myofibrillar proteins with known Z line location, appeared in desmin-enriched extracts concurrent to the breakdown of desmin in muscle stored under conditions of all three experimental regimes. Desmin was shown by limnunofluorescent labelling of bovine skeletal myofibrils to be a part of a filamentous cytoskeletal network inter­
Exploring Knowledge Gaps and Financial Exclusion in Ghanaian Monetary Transitions

The successful evolution of money and payment platforms in today’s world requires consumer adoption, which in turn requires access to knowledge about developing financial products. This is particul...
Development of DNA Pair Biosensor for Quantization of Nuclear Factor Kappa B.

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), regulating the expression of several genes that mediate the inflammatory responses and cell proliferation, is one of the therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory disease and cancer. A novel molecular binding scheme for the detection of NF-κB was investigated for its affinity to Ig-κB DNA composed by dye and quencher fluorophores, and this specificity is confirmed by competing with the DNA sequence that is complementary to the Ig-κB DNA. We create a normalization equation to remove the negative effects from the various initial fluorophore concentrations and the background noise. We also found that a periodic shaking at a frequency could help to stabilize the DNA–protein binding. The calibration experiment, using purified p50 (NF-κB), shows that this molecular probe biosensor has a detection limit on the order of nanomolar. The limit of detection is determined by the binding performance of dye and quencher oligonucleotides, and only a small portion of probes are stabilized by DNA-binding protein NF-κB. The specificity experiment also shows that p50/p65 heterodimer has the highest affinity for Ig-κB DNA; p65 homodimer binds with intermediate affinity, whereas p50 shows the lowest binding affinity, and Ig-κB DNA is not sensitive to BSA (bovine albumin serum). The experiment of HeLa nuclear extract shows that TNF-α stimulated HeLa nuclear extract has higher affinity to Ig-κB DNA than non-TNF-stimulated HeLa nuclear extract (4-h serum response). Therefore, the molecular binding scheme provides a rapid, quantitative, high throughput, and automated measurement of the DNA-binding protein NF-κB at low cost, which is beneficial for automated drug screening systems.
Présence et pertinence de Fel d 4 dans la sensibilisation aux squames de chat

Introduction Huit allergenes moleculaires du chat sont connus (Fel d 1 a Fel d 8) et trois disponibles en diagnostic in vitro : Fel d 1 (uteroglobuline), Fel d 2 (albumine), et Fel d 4 (lipocaline). Fel d 1 est l’allergene dominant et Fel d 2 un allergene mineur, capable de reactions croisees avec les albumines de mammiferes. L’importance de Fel d 4, decrit en 2004 et potentiellement croisant avec les lipocalines du chien (Can f 2), est moins connue. Un article recent montre que Fel d 4 est concentre dans la salive, moins dans les poils et absent des urines. La prevalence et concentrations des IgE anti-Fel d 1 - 2 - 4 et la detection par ELISA de Fel d 4 dans les extraits sont etudiees. Methodes Les IgE contre Fel d 1 - 2 et 4 de 150 serums ont ete analyses par ISAC®. Le dosage de Fel d 4 par ELISA sandwich (mAb5F3/polyclonal anti-Fel d 4) a ete teste sur les matieres premieres chat et chien et extraits de reference. Resultats Sur 97 serums presentant des IgE positifs contre Fel d 1, Fel d 2 ou Fel d 4, 98 % ont montre des IgE pour Fel d 1 (mean = 25,6 ISU/mL [range 0–199]) ; 22,7 % pour Fel d 2 (m = 6,6 ISU/mL [0–189]) et 40,2 % pour Fel d 4 (m = 8,0 ISU/mL [0–85]). Seuls 2 serums ont des IgE monospecifiques de Fel d 4 ( Conclusion Compare a Fel d 1, allergene dominant du chat, Fel d 4 est, dans cette etude, un allergene moyennement sensibilisant, de par sa frequence de reconnaissance (
We Saw the Elephant: Overland Diaries from the Lander Trail

Review of: "We Saw the Elephant: Overland Diaries From the Lander Trail," by Peter T. Harstad.
Assessing and Promoting the Choice of Academic Engaged Time During Reading Instruction

Abstract To maximize student learning, teachers must provide students with the choice to be engaged in effective instruction and effectively employ classroom management strategies that promote students to be academically engaged. The chapter discusses how universal screening data can be employed to assess general curriculum effectiveness and whether individual teachers are maximizing their students’ academic growth through effective classroom management procedures. Suggestions are provided regarding how to assess on-task behavior and academic engagement. The importance of academically engaging students through question asking is discussed along with empirical procedures for maximizing the information teachers can gain and students can learn from these interactions. Finally, evidence-based supplemental intervention practices that promote the acquisition and development of proficiency in basic reading skills and reading comprehension are reviewed.
Associations of Anger and Fear to Later Self-Regulation and Problem Behavior Symptoms

The mediating and moderating roles of self-regulation in the associations of dispositional anger and fear to later conduct and anxiety symptoms were tested. Mothers and teachers rated children's anger and fear at 54 months (N = 191), and mothers reported on children's symptoms of anxiety and conduct disorders at 72 and 84 months (Ns = 169 and 144). Children's self-regulatory ability was assessed using the Tower of Hanoi task at 72 months. Children's self-regulation mediated the association between early dispositional fear and 84-month mother-reported anxiety disorder symptoms above and beyond the effects of earlier generalized anxiety symptoms. Children's anger directly predicted relatively high mother-reported conduct and anxiety disorder symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of considering self-regulation as potential mechanism relating early childhood dispositional reactivity to later psychopathology symptoms.
Immune cell phenotyping in low blood volumes for assessment of cardiovascular disease risk, development, and progression: a pilot study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Given the role of immune cells in atherosclerosis development and progression, effective methods for characterizing immune cell populations are needed, particularly among populations disproportionately at risk for CVD. By using a variety of antibodies combined in one staining protocol, we were able to identify granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte sub-populations by CD-antigen expression from 500 µl of whole blood, enabling a more extensive comparison than what is possible with a complete blood count and differential (CBC). The flow cytometry panel was established and tested in a total of 29 healthy men and women. As a proof of principle, these 29 samples were split by their race/ethnicity: African-Americans (AA) (N = 14) and Caucasians (N = 15). We found in accordance with the literature that AA had fewer granulocytes and more lymphocytes when compared to Caucasians, though the proportion of total monocytes was similar in both groups. Several new differences between AA and Caucasians were noted that had not been previously described. For example, AA had a greater proportion of platelet adhesion on non-classical monocytes when compared to Caucasians, a cell-to-cell interaction described as crucially important in CVD. We also examined our flow panel in a clinical population of AA women with known CVD risk factors (N = 20). Several of the flow cytometry parameters that cannot be measured with the CBC displayed correlations with clinical CVD risk markers. For instance, Framingham Risk Score (FRS) calculated for each participant correlated with immune cell platelet aggregates (PA) (e.g. T cell PA β = 0.59, p = 0.03 or non-classical monocyte PA β = 0.54, p = 0.02) after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). A flow cytometry panel identified differences in granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes between AA and Caucasians which may contribute to increased CVD risk in AA. Moreover, this flow panel identifies immune cell sub-populations and platelet aggregates associated with CVD risk. This flow cytometry panel may serve as an effective method for phenotyping immune cell populations involved in the development and progression of CVD.
Like Pulling Teeth: Relationships Between Material Culture and Osteology at the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA

In many cases, material culture acts as a mediator between the living and the dead (Hallam and Hockey 2001). Items used by the living can leave their mark osteologically, can follow an individual into a burial context, or can become part of an individual. Each of these actions leaves archaeological evidence of cultural communication. This paper examines the dialectical relationships between artifacts and osteology through an integrative analysis of the multilayered relationships between osteological data, artifact analysis, and historic documents. Three examples from the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery demonstrate the materialized relationships between institutions, archaeologists, and the poor and unclaimed of Milwaukee County in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These include: pipe stem grooves and the recovery of pipes, the contemporary categorization of dentures, and dental work (bridges, implants, etc.) as signifiers of institutional relationships (Hodder 2012). Within these relationships, the manifestation of institutional facts juxtaposed with lived experience can be revealed (Renfrew 2004: 26).
A uniformization theorem for Stein spaces

In this paper, we establish the Qi-Keng Lu uniformization theorem for Stein spaces with possibly isolated normal singularities.
On a family of nonoscillatory equations y double prime = phi(x)y

The oscillation or nonoscillation of a class of second-order linear differential equations is investigated analytically, with a focus on cases in which the functions phi(x) and y are complex-valued. Two linear transformations are introduced, and an asymptotic-decomposition procedure involving Shur triangularization is applied. The relationship of the present analysis to the nonoscillation criterion of Kneser (1896) and other more recent results is explored in two examples.
A data-driven improved fuzzy logic control optimization-simulation tool for reducing flooding volume at downstream urban drainage systems

The uncertainty of climate change and urbanization imposed additional stress for urban drainage systems (UDSs) by intensifying rainfall frequency and magnifying peak runoff rate. UDSs are among the stormwater infrastructures that can be controlled in real-time for mitigating downstream urban flooding. In this paper, a data-driven improved real-time control optimization-simulation tool called SWMM_FLC, which is based on the FLC (fuzzy logic control) and GA (genetic algorithm), was developed for smart decision-making of flooding mitigation. A calibrated and validated SWMM model was used for applying SWMM_FLC to explore the potential in reducing downstream flooding volume at UDSs. The results show that the data-driven enhanced GA optimization significantly reduces fuzzy system deviations from 0.22 (non_optmial scenario) to 0.07 (optimal scenario). The accumulated flooding volume reduction by up to 4.55% under eight artificial rainfall scenarios discloses the possibility of adopting SWMM_FLC as appropriate software to assist decision-makers to effectively minimize urban flooding volume at downstream urban drainage systems.
A New and Controversial Approach to Dispute Resolution Under the U.S.-China Trade Agreement of 2020

The United States has hailed the 2020 U.S-China Economic and Trade Agreement (USCTA) as a breakthrough in suspending the trade war between the United States and China. Under the USCTA, China committed to purchase $200 billion of U.S. goods and services and to implement significant new protections for U.S. intellectual property rights. However, the true significance of the USCTA lies in its role in as part of a larger U.S. scheme to usurp the role of the World Trade Organization in resolving international trade disputes. The USCTA is an ominous portent of the future of the WTO. The United States scheme has a three part design: first, cripple the WTO dispute settlement process so that WTO obligations become unenforceable; second, create a parallel dispute resolution mechanism in the USCTA to resolve USCTA and WTO disputes involving China that is under complete U.S. control; and third, induce China into violating its WTO obligations by granting the United States special privileges that can no longer be challenged by other WTO members due to the paralysis of the WTO dispute settlement system. Although proponents of the WTO have stated that the paralysis of the WTO dispute settlement system is a life or death moment, these proponents must realize that this is only the first step in a larger U.S. scheme against the WTO. The United States is continuing to erode the WTO through its use of trade agreements that create an alternative mechanism allowing the United States to enforce WTO obligations. Each country that signs such an agreement, like China, becomes an accomplice in the U.S. plot to usurp the WTO. Each new agreement represents a fresh deterioration of the WTO system, which will only accelerate as the United States induces more nations to violate the WTO. The only way to save the WTO is for leading WTO nations to call for a full scale multilateral negotiation on the WTO dispute settlement system that involves all WTO members. Proponents of the WTO must realize the urgency of the present crisis and act now before the decline of the WTO becomes irreversible.
Relay-Aided Downlink Massive MIMO NOMA With Estimated CSI

A multiple relay-aided downlink (DL) multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is investigated to support simultaneous connectivity to cell-edge users. The estimated uplink channel state information (CSI) is used for precoder designs, and statistical DL CSI is adopted for successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the users. The achievable rates are derived, and thereby, the deleterious effects of CSI uncertainty, imperfect SIC, inter-relay interference and intra-cluster pilot contamination are quantified. Fundamental trade-offs between the achievable sum rate and system scalability are explored via two pilot assignment schemes. The performance of the proposed system is compared with that of the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) counterpart. We reveal that the latter performs better in low-user regime because the former's achievable rates are hindered by intra-cluster pilot contamination and imperfect SIC.However, the proposed model provides better system scalability and outperforms OMA in the large-user regime. The performance of zero-forcing (ZF)/null-space (NS) precoding is compared with maximum ratio transmission (MRT). We show that NS-based ZF precoding can boost the sum rate by mitigating inter-cluster interference at the expense of a higher computational complexity than that of MRT.
Intrinsically triple-linked graphs in RP 3 ∗

Flapan, et al [8] showed that every spatial embedding of K10, the complete graph on ten vertices, contains a non-split three-component link (K10 is intrinsically triple-linked). The papers [2] and [7] extended the list of known intrinsically triple-linked graphs in R 3 to include several other families of graphs. In this paper, we will show that while some of these graphs can be embedded 3-linklessly in RP 3 , K10 is intrinsically triple-linked in RP 3 .
Examining second-order impacts of COVID-19 in urban areas

This paper examines the current state of knowledge focusing on the second-order impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through a geospatial lens. The purpose is twofold: (1) present a global programme – Cities’ COVID Mitigation Mapping (C2M2) programme – focusing on urban areas that explores second-order impacts through the use of geospatial tools and technologies, and (2) identify and assess the emerging literature on second-order impacts using geospatial data and analysis to support this project. Effects of the pandemic are rapidly unfolding across the world;however, an assessment of the literature reveals that second-order impacts of COVID-19 are seasonal, spatial, and scalar across multiple thematic areas includ-ing the economy, environmental health sector, education, and migration/mobility. Successive waves of the pandemic are continuing to be met with specific public health measures (e.g. lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing guidance, mandates for the use of personal protective equipment) that will have long-term impacts on vulnerable populations. A literature review was conducted to identify how the pandemic’s second-order impacts derived from geospatial data and analysis can provide the basis for using geospatial data to study vulnerable urban populations more generally. This review reveals a gap in the literature, with far more articles emphasizing geospatial approaches to assess first-order impacts and alimited number of articles focused on geospatial approaches investigating second-order impacts. Nonetheless, this nascent literature provides the basis for designing approaches with local partners and by local and regional governments to apply geospatial data and methodologies to the development of mitigation strategies to prioritize limited resources to minimize the long-term consequences of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of GIS is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Large-scale integration of DNA methylation and gene expression array platforms

Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) aim to provide evidence that marks of DNA methylation (DNAm) have downstream consequences that can result in the development of human diseases. Although these methods have been successful in identifying DNAm patterns associated with disease states, any further characterization of etiologic mechanisms remains elusive. This knowledge gap does not originate from a lack of DNAm-trait associations, but rather stems from study design issues that affect the interpretability of EWAS results. Despite known limitations in predicting the function of a particular CpG site, most EWAS maintain the broad assumption that altered DNAm results in a concomitant change of transcription at the most proximal gene. This study integrated DNAm and gene expression (GE) measurements in two cohorts, the Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Study (AYATS) and the Pregnancy, Race, Environment, Genes (PREG) study, to improve the understanding of epigenomic regulatory mechanisms. CpG sites associated with GE in cis were enriched in areas of transcription factor binding and areas of intermediate-to-low CpG density. CpG sites associated with trans GE were also enriched in areas of known regulatory significance, including enhancer regions. These results highlight issues with restricting DNAm-transcript annotations to small genomic intervals and question the validity of assuming a canonical cis DNAm-GE pathway. Based on these findings, the interpretation of EWAS results is limited in studies without multi-omic support and further research should identify genomic regions in which GE-associated DNAm is overrepresented.
Combining a statistical model with machine learning to predict groundwater flooding (or infiltration) into sewer networks

Abstract Groundwater flooding (or infiltration) in sewer systems leads to significant negative consequences such as discharge of untreated sewage, reduction of system capacity, structural deterioration, and dilution of the wastewater stream delivered to a treatment plant causing malfunction. Cities with aging networks along coastal areas, where aquifers are shallow, are particularly vulnerable. Rehabilitation is necessary to mitigate the negative impact of infiltration but costly. Therefore, a prioritization strategy of intervention is required. This paper presents a decision-support model to identify the probability of infiltration into aging sewer when observations of infiltration and sewer conditions are sparse and time-limited. The model is based on logistic regression, where the variables are: material, soil, water table, and pipe size and shape. As a proof-of-concept, the method was applied to the city of Hoboken, NJ. Machine learning was used to calibrate, validate, and test the model using infiltration measurements, provided by the water authority. Upon calibration, model predictions agree well with the measurements with an accuracy of 82%. Sensitivity analysis of the model was carried out and shows that the most important parameter is the water table of the shallow aquifer. Overall, the proposed approach can be a valuable tool for strategic intervention of sewer repair and flood mitigation in urban areas.
Uncertainty and Public Investment Multipliers: The Role of Economic Confidence

This paper investigates how macroeconomic uncertainty affects the fiscal multiplier of public investment. In theory, uncertainty can reduce the multiplier if the private sector becomes more cautious and does not respond to the fiscal stimulus. Conversely, it can increase the fiscal multiplier if public investment shocks improve private agents’ expectations about future economic outlook, and lead to larger private spending. Using the disagreement about GDP forecasts as a proxy for uncertainty, we find that unexpected increases in public investment have larger and longer-lasting effects on output, investment, and employment during periods of high uncertainty, with multipliers above 2, and the larger multipliers are not driven by economic slack. Public investment shocks are also found to boost private sector confidence during heightened uncertainty, driving-up expectations about future economic development which in turn magnify private sector response to the initial stimulus.
Thermal and electrochemical behavior of Cu4−xLixS2 (x=1, 2, 3) phases

Abstract Several compositions of the Cu4−xLixS2 (x=1, 2, 3) series were synthesized via solid-state reaction of the elements. The structural stability at various temperatures and the effect of Li:Cu ratio on the thermal conductivity and the electrochemical performance of Cu4−xLixS2/Li half-cells during charge–discharge process were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed a sharp endothermic peak at 140 °C for Cu4−xLixS2 samples with x=1 and 2, which is ascribed to a structural phase transition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on various Cu4−xLixS2 samples at temperatures below and above 140 °C indicated a structural phase transition from the room temperature low-symmetry structure to the high temperature cubic structure of Cu2S. The thermal conductivity of Cu4−xLixS2 samples decreases with decreasing Cu:Li ratio and with increasing temperature. The thermal conductivity of Cu4−xLixS2 samples at room temperature decreases from 1.2 W/m K for Cu:Li=3:1 to 0.7 W/m K for Cu:Li=1:3. Cyclic voltammetry of Cu4−xLixS2/Li half-cells showed that high discharge capacity (165 mA h g−1) and stable reversible charge–discharge process is observed for Cu:Li=2:2, whereas other Cu:Li ratios lead to low discharge capacity and poor reversibility. The electrochemical behavior of Cu4−xLixS2/Li half-cells is rationalized by taking into account the competing reactions of Li+ ions with CuS and Cu2S during discharge.
Nonzero fixed points of power-bounded linear operators

This paper provides a variety of sufficient conditions for the existence of a nonzero fixed point of a power-bounded linear operator defined on a real Banach space. In the case of power-bounded positive operators on a Banach lattice, among the conditions we provide are not being strongly stable along with commuting with a compact operator or being quasicompact. These results apply directly to Markov operators. In the case of an arbitrary power-bounded operator on a Hilbert space, being uniformly asymptotically regular and not strongly stable guarantees the existence of a nonzero fixed point.
Social and psychological adjustment following pelvic exenteration

Abstract In order to evaluate their adjustment to pelvic exenteration, 15 women were studied over a 3 year period. Despite the stresses to which these patients were subjected, over-all social and psychological adjustment was favorable. The majority returned to their preoperative positions and enjoyed regular recreational activities. Only 2 patients were significantly disturbed, according to psychometric examinations. One of these had been institutionalized for mental illness several years before the cancer diagnosis. The second patient, the only one in the study to die from malignancy, died of metastasis six years postoperatively. Two findings not previously reported involved phantomization of the vagina and erotization of the colostomy stoma in cancer patients. Autoerotic practices and dreams with sexual content were reported after operation. Since death is a certain outcome of advanced cervical malignancy without exenterations, and satisfactory social and psychological adjustment was found in our postexenteration group, this form of cancer therapy appears more hopeful than patients and surgeons now view it. Supportive psychotherapy, occurring coincidentally to this investigation, may have further improved the lives of the postexenteration patients.
Variations in the quaternary structure of three lactic acid bacteria aldolases. Evidence for the existence of a class I and class II aldolase in Lactobacillus casei

Abstract The demonstration of partial immunological identity between the fructose diphosphate aldolases of Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, and Pediococcus cerevisiae indicated that the three proteins are structurally related. Although the enzymes differ markedly in molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility, the purified aldolases were shown to be composed of subunits of similar or identical size. The S. faecalis aldolase, which had been characterized previously, is composed of two 28,000 molecular weight subunits as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis while the immunologically cross-reactive aldolases of L. casei and P. cerevisiae are composed of four and six subunits, respectively, with a molecular weight of 29,500 each. L. casei possesses a second fructose diphosphate aldolase which is not antigenically related to the enzymes described above. This enzyme was also purified and found to differ markedly from the immunologically related enzymes. Unlike the latter group of enzymes which appear to be typical class II (metallo) aldolases, the second L. casei aldolase exhibits the characteristics of a class I (Schiff-base) aldolase. The class I enzyme is a dimeric protein with a molecular weight of 82,000.
Hypercalcemia associated with an adenocarcinoma derived from the apocrine glands of the anal sac

Clinical, gross, and light microscopic findings are described for 36 dogs, 33 females and three males, with adenocarcinomas arising from the apocrine glands of the anal sac. All tumors had light microscopic features of malignancy and 22 of 23 metastasized to iliac and lumbar lymph nodes. Nine dogs had disseminated metastases, but bone metastases were found in only one dog. Differentiated neoplasms formed secretory acini and tubules lined by tall columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Most neoplasms were histologically bimorphic, with glandular areas and solid nests. Parathyroid glands were atrophic. Hypercalcemia (mean = 16.1 mg/dl) was present in 20 of 22 dogs (90%) and hypophosphatemia (mean = 3.2 mg/dl) in 12 of 17 (71%). Remission of hypercalcemia by tumor ablation and recurrence of hypercalcemia with tumor regrowth suggested that the tumor produced a substance that caused hypercalcemia. This unique clinicopathologic syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia in old, predominantly female, dogs with an adenocarcinoma arising from the apocrine glands of the anal sac.
Big Five Personality Tests

The views of many personality psychologists have converged regarding the structure and concepts of personality. Keywords: personality test
ISDN layer 1 to 3 implementation

The authors discuss the integrated services digital network (ISDN) as an attractive network evolution from existing telephony to support a wide range of both voice and nonvoice telecommunications services. Significant efforts have been devoted to the development of a common European approach and supporting international standards. ISDN interfaces promise a common access method to bearer services (switched and nonswitched) and to teleservices (such as telematic services, at least initially), with both sets of services optionally complemented by supplementary services. Business customers, which are the main potential ISDN users, require international availability of ISDN services with harmonized tariff principles and a high degree of consistency in connecting devices to their international networks. A number of specific ISDN standardization problems are addressed. >
The Appropriate Use of Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy with Short Data Sets

Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) are mathematical algorithms created to measure the repeatability or predictability within a time series. Both algorithms are extremely sensitive to their input parameters: m (length of the data segment being compared), r (similarity criterion), and N (length of data). There is no established consensus on parameter selection in short data sets, especially for biological data. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the robustness of these two entropy algorithms by exploring the effect of changing parameter values on short data sets. Data with known theoretical entropy qualities as well as experimental data from both healthy young and older adults was utilized. Our results demonstrate that both ApEn and SampEn are extremely sensitive to parameter choices, especially for very short data sets, N ≤ 200. We suggest using N larger than 200, an m of 2 and examine several r values before selecting your parameters. Extreme caution should be used when choosing parameters for experimental studies with both algorithms. Based on our current findings, it appears that SampEn is more reliable for short data sets. SampEn was less sensitive to changes in data length and demonstrated fewer problems with relative consistency.
Influence of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator on survival: Retrospective studies and prospective trials

M IROWSKI introduced the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in 1980 for the prevention of sudden cardiac death from life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating underlying heart disease.’ During the past 13 years over 30,000 ICD units have been implanted worldwide, device technology has evolved in sophistication with backup pacing and antitachycardia pacing potentiak2 transvenous ICD systems are currently being tested,3 and guidelines have been established by the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiologyl and by a task force of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Associations regarding indications for ICD implantation and patient selection. The initial clinical experience with these devices has been favorable, but in the absence of data from randomized clinical trials, the true survival benefit of ICD is uncertain.
Substance P release in the feline nucleus tractus solitarius during ergoreceptor but not baroreceptor afferent signaling.

Abstract Substance P (SP) is associated with metabo- and mechanoreceptor afferent fibers (‘ergoreceptors’) in skeletal muscle as well as the afferent fibers from carotid sinus baroreceptors. Afferent activity from each of these are at least partially integrated in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether SP was released from the NTS during acute reflex-induced changes in blood pressure caused by stimulating these receptors. Both the muscle pressor response and the baroreflex were studied in adult cats anaesthetized with α-chloralose. SP antibody-coated microprobes were used to measure the possible release of SP from the NTS. The muscle pressor response caused a release of immunoreactive SP-like substances (irSP) from the rostral medial NTS, as well as the dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and lateral tegmental field (FTL). This release was not dependent on intact afferent input from the carotid sinus nerve, but was a function of activation of muscle ergoreceptors, since no irSP was released in response to stimulation of the motor nerves after the muscle was paralyzed. There was no detectable release of irSP from the mNTS during carotid artery occlusions (baroreceptor unloading). Baroreceptor activation, induced by the i.v. injection of the vasoconstrictor, phenylephrine, did not cause the release of irSP from the mNTS above resting baseline levels. These data suggest that SP is involved with the mediation of the afferent signal from muscle ergoreceptor fibers in the medial NTS. SP is not involved with the mediation of baroreceptor afferent signaling in the medial NTS. The release of SP in response to ergoreceptors activation may function to excite an inhibitory pathway which inhibits baroreflex signals that would tend to reduce the blood pressure and heart rate during the muscle pressor response.
Perforation of esophagus after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Incidence and clues to pathogenesis.

To determine the true incidence of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) -related esophageal perforation, a retrospective analysis of 900 EVS procedures using sodium tetradecyl sulfate performed on 170 patients during a five-year period (1980–1985) was carried out. Autopsy data of all patients who received EVS and who died (32 patients, 100%) during this period were available to confirm the diagnosis of perforation. Esophageal perforation was confirmed in 5 (2.9%) and was seen in patients with advanced alcoholic liver disease. Importantly, most patients did not manifest features of an esophageal leak, but presented instead as a deterioration in condition and died after a mean (±sd) 14±5.2 days. Analysis of the clinical and EVS data reveals that the risk of developing perforation is high when EVS is performed during active bleeding. The extravariceal location of sclerosant and microabscesses may be important predisposing factors. In our experience largedose injection, deep ulceration, and balloon tamponade are less likely predisposing factors of this complication.
A sequential programming model of urban land development

Abstract The development of urban land is treated as a sequence of activity shifts resulting from locators' efforts to maximize net revenues by mitigating congestion costs and other externalities. This decentralized process is modelled by solving a series of linear assignment problems that track urban land use through time. Network costs are endogenous, and locators update site bids by combining recent experience with a ceteris paribus point of view. Vacancy is treated as a null activity that can be assigned to any number of sites. Locators that have been outbid by vacancy are displaced from the land use system, but may continue to formulate bids and compete for sites.
When secondary comes first – The importance of non-canonical DNA structures

Secondary structure-forming DNA motifs have achieved infamy because of their association with a variety of human diseases and cancer. The 3rd FASEB summer conference on dynamic DNA structures focused on the mechanisms responsible for the instabilities inherent to repetitive DNA and presented many exciting and novel aspects related to the metabolism of secondary structures. In addition, the meeting encompassed talks and posters on the dynamic structures that are generated during DNA metabolism including nicked DNA, Holliday junctions and RNA:DNA hybrids. New approaches for analysis and sequencing technologies put forth secondary structures and other DNA intermediates as vital regulators of a variety of cellular processes that contribute to evolution, polymorphisms and diseases.
Exploiting a Chinese-English bilingual wordlist for English-Chinese cross language information retrieval

We investigated using the LDC English/Chinese bilingual wordlists for English-Chinese cross language retrieval. It is shown that the Chinese-to-English wordlist can be considered as both a phrase and word dictionary, and is preferable to the English-to-Chinese version in terms of phrase translations and word translation selection. Additional techniques such as target corpus frequency-based term selection and weighting were employed. Experiments show that over 70% of monolingual effectiveness is achievable for the TREC Chinese corpus and retrieval environment with short queries of a few English words.