cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New-Monetarist Phillips Curve

A model with labor search, limited recordkeeping and market segmentation is provided to explain the correlations between inflation and real variables in the short run, and in the long run. A one-time money injection causes intensive-margin effects on employment, and reduces the unemployment rate in the short run. There are persistent liquidity effects on real variables, inflation and the nominal interest rate, as a result of search frictions in the labor market. Money injections in the long run raise the unemployment rate. The optimal monetary policy minimizes the distortion from labor-search frictions, and eliminates the intertemporal monetary distortion and the market segmentation friction.
Accumulation and Sublethal Effects of a Wyoming Crude Oil in Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Cutthroat trout Salmo clarki were exposed for 90 days to four concentrations of a Wyoming crude oil in water, ranging from 100 to 520 μg/liter. Survival was reduced to 52% among fish held in the 520-μg/liter concentration, but was not affected by three lower concentrations. The growth of cutthroat trout in all four concentrations was significantly slower than that of the control fish. Exposure concentrations of 520 and 450 μg/liter induced gill lesions and development of lesions on the retina and lens of the eye of cutthroat trout. Accumulation of total hydrocarbons in fish tissue was directly related to water concentration, except for fish in the 520-μg/liter concentration. Alkylated mono- and dicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were accumulated most readily and naphthalenes were the dominant aromatic component in oil, water, and fish. Evidence from this research suggests that discharges of 10 mg/liter oil and grease allowed by several western states are too high.
Transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites☆

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its 7,8-dihydrodiol form were metabolically activated to malignantly transform a non-tumorigenic rat tracheal epithelial cell line in culture. The proximal carcinogenic metabolite of B[a]P, diolepoxide I, was more efficient in transforming the epithelial cell line than the intermediate or parent compound, even at a 50- or 100-fold lower concentration, respectively. Inoculations of the transformed cell lines into immunosuppressed isogenic recipients produced differentiated carcinomas similar to those which occur in humans.
Language Changes Associated With Fast ForWord-Language

Based principally on reports of two experimental investigations, the Scientific Learning Corporation claims that Fast ForWord-Language (FFW-L) yields 1-1/2 to 3 years language gain over a 6-week pe...
Studies of unequal cleavage in molluscs. II: Asymmetric nature of the two asters

Summary By observing living eggs of Spisula solidissima with video polarized light microscopy, we confirmed that the metaphase spindle with its two asters (one slightly smaller than the other) forms at the center of the cell and then migrates to one side. The direction of spindle migration is presaged by the tilted apposition plane between the two pronuclei at an earlier stage. Spindle migration is apparently brought about by a centering movement of its larger aster; the smaller aster behaving as though it were pushed against the cortex, its rays being bent flat. After migration, the spindle undergoes a rocking motion pivoted on the centrosome of the central aster, as through “searching” for an anchorage site for the peripheral centrosome. Eventually the peripheral centrosome becomes fixed to the cortex on the side of the future AB-blastomere, about 30°higher than the equator. Thereafter, the cell cleaves asymmetrically producing the smaller AB- and larger CD-cell. The unequal cleavage is thus achieved in...
In Search of Benzene-like Sn66-: Synthesis of Na4CaSn6 with Interconnected Cyclohexane-like Sn66-

The title compound was synthesized in an attempt to produce stacked benzene-like Sn6 6- rings separated by alkaline-earth cations in analogy with the recently reported stacks of aromatic cyclopentadienyl-like Sn 5 6- in Na8BaSn 6 (in addition to isolated Sn 4- anions). The resulting compound, synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements at high temperature, has the “correct” stoichiometry with six tin atoms and six positive charges. However, the rings of Sn 6 6- are puckered into chair-type cyclohexanes that are interconnected into isolated cylindrical tubes stuffed with Ca2+ between the rings. Such tubes, if fused to each other, form the hexagonal diamond structure. The new compound is electronically balanced according to magnetic and four-probe resistivity measurements. Reported are also the synthesis and properties of Na 10EuSn12 and Na10YbSn12 which are isostructural with the known Na 10CaSn12.
Do Activity-Dependent Changes in Expression of Regulatory Proteins Play a Role in the Progression of Central Nervous System Neural Degeneration?

Cellular responses to the environment are initiated through membrane receptors that are activated by hormones or other extracellular agents. Activated receptors communicate to molecular machinery within the cell either by changing the flux of ions across the membrane or by altering the synthesis or degradation of second messengers such as CAMP, calcium ion, or diacylglycerol. One major mechanism through which these messengers control cell function is the activation of protein kinases. It seems increasingly clear that coordinated control over many cell processes at once is often exerted by networks of protein kinases, perhaps tailored specifically for each cell type. We have only begun to glimpse how these networks might be organized. Most current research is still aimed at the important goal of identifying and thoroughly characterizing the key regulatory proteins (often protein kinases) that mediate regulation by each second messenger in each specialized cell.
Magnetism, Spin-Orbit Coupling, and Superconducting Pairing in UGe 2

A consistent picture on the mean-field level of the magnetic properties and electronic structure of the superconducting itinerant ferromagnet ${\mathrm{UGe}}_{2}$ requires inclusion of correlation effects beyond the local density approximation (LDA). The `` $\mathrm{LDA}+U$'' approach reproduces both the magnitude of the observed moment and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The largest Fermi surface sheet is composed primarily of spin majority states with orbital projection ${m}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0$, suggesting a much simpler picture of the pairing than is possible for general strong spin-orbit coupled materials. The quasi-two-dimensional geometry of the Fermi surface supports the likelihood of magnetically mediated $p$-wave triplet pairing.
Perinatal risk factors for severe injury in neonates treated with whole-body hypothermia for encephalopathy

Objective Our objective was to identify perinatal risk factors that are available within 1 hour of birth that are associated with severe brain injury after hypothermia treatment for suspected hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Study Design One hundred nine neonates at ≥35 weeks' gestation who were admitted from January 2007 to September 2012 with suspected hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were treated with whole-body hypothermia; 98 of them (90%) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7-10 days of life. Eight neonates died before brain imaging. Neonates who had severe brain injury, which was defined as death or abnormal MRI results (cases), were compared with surviving neonates with normal MRI (control subjects). Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors that were predictive of severe injury. Results Cases and control subjects did not differ with regard to gestational age, birthweight, mode of delivery, or diagnosis of nonreassuring fetal heart rate before delivery. Cases were significantly ( P P = .004), spontaneous respiration at >30 minutes of life ( P = .002), and absence of exposure to oxytocin ( P = .033) were associated independently with severe injury with 74.3% sensitivity and 74.4% specificity. Conclusion Worsening metabolic acidosis at birth, longer time to spontaneous respirations, and lack of exposure to oxytocin correlated with severe brain injury in neonates who were treated with whole-body hypothermia. These risk factors may help quickly identify neonatal candidates for time-sensitive investigational therapies for brain neuroprotection.
Radial glial progenitors repair the zebrafish spinal cord following transection

In mammals, spinal cord injury results in permanent sensory-motor loss due in part to a failure in reinitiating local neurogenesis. However, zebrafish show robust neuronal regeneration and functional recovery even after complete spinal cord transection. Postembryonic neurogenesis is dependent upon resident multipotent progenitors, which have been identified in multiple vertebrates. One candidate cell population for injury repair expresses Dbx1, which has been shown to label multipotent progenitors in mammals. In this study, we use specific markers to show that cells expressing a dbx1a:GFP reporter in the zebrafish spinal cord are radial glial progenitors that continue to generate neurons after embryogenesis. We also use a novel larval spinal cord transection assay to show that dbx1a:GFP(+) cells exhibit a proliferative and neurogenic response to injury, and contribute newly-born neurons to the regenerative blastema. Together, our data indicate that dbx1a:GFP(+) radial glia may be stem cells for the regeneration of interneurons following spinal cord injury in zebrafish.
Demonstration of polarization insensitive wavelength conversion of 112-Gb/s polarization multiplexed RZ-QPSK signals using bismuth-oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber with high SBS threshold

Polarization insensitive wavelength conversion by employing a dual pump scheme in 112-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-QPSK system has been realized by using a 2-m Bismuth-Oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber (Bi-NLF) with high SBS threshold.
Retention of volatile organic compounds in a complex freeze‐dried food gel

Summary The retention of 14G-labelled ethyl acetate, n-propanol and acetone in freeze-dried food gels is studied. Fractional retention of the initially present volatiles increases with increasing solids concentration and decreases with increasing initial volatile content. Retention also decreases with increasing sample thickness in fast-frozen samples, and is lower in rapidly frozen than in slowly frozen samples. Humidification causes release of retained volatiles, the new level of retention depending upon relative humidity. The results indicate that the predominant retention mechanism is entrapment in microregions, with a small contribution due to adsorption.
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NUMBERS OF FECAL PELLETS, FECAL WEIGHTS AND THE WEIGHT OF FOOD EATEN BY TOBACCO HORNWORMS, PROTOPARCE SEXTA (JOHAN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)

The number of fecal pellets was found to be an unreliable index of food consumption. There is, however, a high correlation between the weight eaten and the weight excreted. Nevertheless, caution must be exercised in using this relationship to compare consumption by different groups of larvae since the weight consumed per mg excreted varies with the quality of the food, the age and physiological state of the larvae and various environmental factors. Zusammenfassung QUANTITATIVE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN KOTBALLENZAHLUNGEN, KOTGEWICHTEN UND DEM GEWICHT DER VON TABAKSCHWARMER-RAUPEN, PROTOPARCE SEXTA (JOHAN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE), AUFGENOMMENEN NAHRUNG Die Verwendbarkeit von Kotballenzahlungen und Kotgewichten als Masstab fur die von Protoparce sexta-Raupen aufgenommene Nahrungsmenge wird kritisch untersucht. Es zeigt sich, das die Anzahl der Kotballen kein verbindliches Mas fur den Nahrungsgebrauch darstellt. Dagegen besteht eine konstant hohe Korrelation zwischen dem Trockengewicht der aufgenommenen Nahrung und dem Trockengewicht des Kotes. Jedoch darf beim Vergleich des Nahrungsverbrauchs verschiedener Gruppen von Raupen diese Beziehung nur mit Vorsicht benutzt werden, da das Verhaltnis von verbrauchtem zu ausgeschiedenem Gewicht (der Nahrung bzw. des Kotes) mit der Nahrungsqualitat, dem Alter und dem physiologischen Zustand der Raupen und mit den Umweltbedingungen variiert.
An abominable submission: Harriet Martineau's views on the role and place of woman

(1977). An abominable submission: Harriet Martineau's views on the role and place of woman. Women's Studies: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 13-32.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

During the past 4 years, instruments of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) have been collecting data on two satellites. The first of these is the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS). The second is the operational NOAA-9 satellite. In addition, ERBE has instruments on the operational NOAA-10. The NOAA-10 instruments have been collecting data for the last 2 years. The ERBE Science Team has recently completed validation of an initial sampling of these data. As a result, the ERBE Project will be placing these data in the archive at the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC). The validation activity has involved intensive examination of data in 4 months during 1985 and 1986: April, July, and October 1985, and January 1986. This paper reports on the data being placed in the archive to acquaint the scientific community with their availability.
135 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEIN KINASE C MEDIATED PITUITARY ACTH RELEASE

Protein kinase C is a proposed mediator of pituitary ACTH secretion. To investigate this role of protein kinase C, we studied the effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an inducer of protein kinase C activation, on in vitro pituitary ACTH release. Normal rat anterior pituitaries were epzymatically dispersed to monolayer culture. Dishes with 3.5 × 105 cells were incubated 3 days, washed, and incubated in test media for 3.5 hours. TPA stimulated ACTH(RIA) release in a dose related fashion with an ED50 of 0.7 ng/ml and a maximal stimulation of 900% over unstimulafed cells. Increasing the concentration of culture media calcium from 0 to 1 mM, 3mM and 6 mM led to a significant increase of TPA induced ACTH release from 4.80 to 6.79, 8.41, and 8.62 ng/dish respectively. Nifedipine (10 μM), a membrane calcium channel blocker, and penfluridol (10 μM), a calcium calmodulin antagonist, inhibited TPA (1 ng/ml) mediated ACTH release by 21% and 31% respectively (p < 0.01). The addition of PGE2 (0.1 μM), an inhibitor of CRF mediated ACTH release, caused a 33% decrease of TPA stimulated ACTH release. TPA (100 μg/ml) significantly increased intracellular PGE2 (RIA) and PGE2 released into culture media by 178% and 172% respectively, over unstimulated cells. In conclusion, TPA stimulated ACTH release in vitro appears to be dependent on extracellular calcium, membrane calcium influx, and calcium calmodulin activation. Also, TPA stimulates pituitary PGE2 synthesis and exogenously administrated PGE2 inhibits TPA induced ACTH release.
Room humidifiers as the source of Acinetobacter infections.

Twenty-four patients contracted systemic infections withAcinetobacter calcoaceticusduring a four-month period. Unheated room humidifiers at the patients' bedsides were implicated as the source of infection in six. The out-break was terminated with the removal of the humidifiers. (JAMA237:795-797, 1977)
The effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication in the biomedical literature

Objective: This research measures the effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication of invalidated articles in the biomedical literature by analyzing the rate of citation of the flawed and corrected versions of scholarly articles over time. If the practice of correction and republication is effective, then the incidence of citation of flawed versions should diminish over time and increased incidence of citation of the republication should be observed. Methods: This is a bibliometric study using citation analysis and statistical analysis of pairs of flawed and corrected articles in MEDLINE and Web of Science. Results: The difference between citation levels of flawed originals and corrected republications does not approach statistical significance until eight to twelve years post-republication. Results showed substantial variability among bibliographic sources in their provision of authoritative bibliographic information. Conclusions: Correction and republication is a marginally effective biblioremediative practice. The data suggest that inappropriate citation behavior may be partly attributable to author ignorance.
Long Waves in War, Production, Prices, and Wages New Empirical Evidence

This article summarizes the main empirical findings of a research project on long waves of roughly 50 years length in political/economic life. The statistical analysis of 40 historical economic time series, along with data on great power wars, indicates that war plays a central role in the long wave, that “stagflation” can be seen as a phase of the long wave, and that war dampens economic growth. Since 1495, long waves are identified in great power war severity and in internationally synchronized trends of prices and real wages. Weaker long waves are found in world production since 1750, these phases leading the war phases by about a decade. A theoretical model consistent with these lagged correlations among variables is elaborated. Long waves are seen as arising from a two-way causality between war and economic growth.
Bioterrorism--preparing to fight the next war.

The United States has become preoccupied with the threat of bioterrorism. Dr. David Relman describes the important consequences for the biomedical research agenda, funding priorities, and the regulatory environment.
Burn time measurements of single aluminum particles in steam and CO2 mixtures

In this study, single aluminum particles (40-80 ftm) were burned in H2O/CO2 mixtures. Burn times were measured electronically using a photo multiplier tube. In addition, the effect of oxidizer composition was determined. Burn times were also measured for single particles, quenched at various stages of combustion. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of quenched specimens were obtained. The results were used in determining particle burn times. A study of quenched particles revealed the formation of large hollow aluminum oxide spheres nearly the size of the original aluminum particle. These spheres have been reported by other investigators at both atmospheric and high-pressure conditions. It was found that burn time measurements are very sensitive to the method of analysis used. Using the results of an aluminum combustion model (Brooks, K. P., and Beckstead, M. W., "Dynamics of Aluminum Combustion," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 769, 770), effective oxygen concentrations were calculated for this work and other data. A relationship exists between the effective oxygen concentration and burn times reported for a given diameter. The particle burn times measured in this work compare well with other data if the effective oxygen concentration is properly accounted for.
Electromagnetic coupling between coplanar waveguide and microstrip antennas

Electromagnetic coupling between coplanar waveguides (CPW) and microstrip patch antennas has been investigated for two feed configurations: (1) direct aperture-coupled feeding of a patch antenna by a CPW feed, and (2) proximity-coupled feeding of a patch antenna by a microstrip line which is aperture-coupled to a CPW feed. Results indicate that both feeding approaches are feasible and yield high coupling efficiency.
Remembering the Role of Research in Developing a University Student

Beattie and Watts recently asserted that "a distinguishing characteristic of university professors should be a continuing commitment to active participation in research in support of their principal function, teaching" (p. 95). This statement was made in support of the argument that parent disciplines and learned societies are appropriate guides to intellectual progress. Their argument countered the malaise observed by Bonnen and Schuh that "land-grant universities have lost their way" (p. 6). This debate is also important to undergraduate education. Climates and incentives external and internal to the university view teaching and research as substitutes, rather than complements. This perspective underscores a deficiency in undergraduate education that has resulted from a system of teaching that lacks an appreciation for curiosity, investigation, and the mystery behind most knowledge. Rather, much of the current teaching system relies heavily on memorization and theory. Though not debilitating in and of itself, theory and memorization must be means to an end (i.e., analysis). Historically, agricultural economics has had a strong record of applying economic reasoning to a rich host of problems (Leontief). The argument here is that this tradition must now be extended to
Finding Locations in the Environment: The Map as Mediator:

When an observer (O) uses a map (M) whose orientation does not correspond to the orientation of the environment (E) in which performance occurs, substantial errors occur: these are called map alignment effects. Much of the prior research on map/environment (M/E) alignment has involved maps of simple paths, although alignment effects have also been demonstrated for you-are-here (YAH) maps. A study is reported in which simple YAH maps were used to test the hypothesis that errors with misaligned maps would fall into categories predictable from the application of inappropriate cognitive operations to the misaligned maps, as demonstrated earlier by Rossano and Warren. Further, performance under conditions of M/E misalignment was compared with performance under map/observer (M/O) misalignment, the situation in which the map is sideways or upside-down with respect to the observer.The major hypothesis was supported: predictable errors occurred under conditions of M/E misalignment. Errors under conditions of M/O m...
The final acylation step in Taxol biosynthesis: Cloning of the taxoid C13-side-chain N-benzoyltransferase from Taxus

The formation of several acyl groups and an amide group of Taxol is catalyzed by regioselective CoA thioester-dependent acyltransferases. Several full-length acyltransferase sequences, obtained from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA isolated from Taxus cuspidata cells induced for Taxol production with methyl jasmonate, were individually expressed in Escherichia coli, from which a cDNA clone encoding a 3′-N-debenzoyl- 2′-deoxytaxol N-benzoyltransferase was identified. This recombinant enzyme catalyzes the stereoselective coupling of the surrogate substrate N-debenzoyl-(3′RS)-2′-deoxytaxol with benzoyl-CoA to form predominantly one 3′-epimer of 2′-deoxytaxol. The product 2′-deoxytaxol was confirmed by radio-HPLC,1H-NMR, and chemical ionization-MS. This enzymatic reaction constitutes the final acylation in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. The full-length cDNA coding for the N-benzoyltransferase has an ORF of 1,323 nucleotides and encodes a 441-residue protein with a calculated molecular weight of 49,040. The recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli has a pH optimum at 8.0, a kcat ≈ 1.5 ± 0.3 s−1 and Km values of 0.42 mM and 0.40 mM for the N-deacylated taxoid and benzoyl-CoA, respectively. In addition to improving the production yields of Taxol in genetically engineered host systems, this enzyme provides a means of attaching modified aroyl groups to taxoid precursors for the purpose of improving drug efficacy.
Influence of periodicity of eating on intestinal glycolytic enzymes in the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. Rats were allowed to eat only 2 hr per day (meal-fed) or were fed ad lib. (nibbler). 2. 2. The weight of intestinal mucosa obtained from meal-fed rats, expressed per 100 g carcass, was greater than that obtained from control nibblers. 3. 3. Hexokinase activity in the intestinal mucosa from meal-fed rats was higher than that observed in nibblers while intestinal pyruvate kinase activity was similar in the two groups. 4. 4. Intestinal pyruvate kinase activity was higher in the upper segment of the intestine than in the lower segment; however, the converse was observed for hexokinase activity in the both meal-fed and nibbling rats. 5. 5. Plasma insulin and free fatty acid levels fluctuated according to the meal pattern.
The Constitutionality of Search and Seizure in the Extended Border Area by Border Patrol Officers

This article reviews the constitutionality of traffic checking operations as measured by the Fourth Amendment and its protection against unreasonable search and seizure, and the requirement of probable cause for apprehension and arrest. The law, as it pertains to border searches, is unique and requires special treatment by arresting officers. In this article, the proper time, place and manner of border searches are described by an analysis of judicial decisions. These cases help to define the constitutional framework of apprehension procedures which affect not only the illegal alien, but also other persons who live and work in the border area and are subject to enforcement measures. Particular emphasis will be given to the judicial treatment of the unlawful transportation of aliens, and the illegal importation of prohibited drugs into the United States.
Inhibition of muscle aldolase by penicillic acid and patulin in vitro.

Abstract The mycotoxins, penicillic acid and patulin, were found to inhibit aldolase non-competitively in vitro with inhibition constants (K i) of 9·0 × 10 −6 m and 1·3 × 10 −5 m , respectively. The inhibition was not prevented by the addition of cysteine to the assay system. The cysteine adduct of penicillic acid was comparable to the original mycotoxin in its inhibition of aldolase. However, less inhibition was observed when the cysteine adduct of patulin was used. Chemical analyses of the inactivated enzyme revealed that with each mycotoxin covalent interaction with -SH and -NH 2 groups in the protein had occurred.
Nicotine dependence and withdrawal in an oncology setting: a risk factor for psychiatric comorbidity and treatment non-adherence.

Highly nicotine dependent oncology patients are at high risk for psychiatric morbidity when they enter the medical care setting where smoking restrictions apply. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms exacerbate cancer-related distress as well as common physical side effects of cancer treatment. This case report illustrates the management of a patient whose ongoing treatment for bladder cancer was jeopardized as a result of nicotine dependence and withdrawal. Several associated complications are described, the most serious of which were his acute anxiety and non-adherence to medical recommendations. A short-term management approach that included anxiolytics and nicotine replacement was effectively used to reduce this patient's excessive anxiety and thus facilitate compliance with stressful treatments. The severity of complications that can result from untreated nicotine dependence and withdrawal underscores the importance of assessing and monitoring smoking status in every patient. Greater staff awareness of the clinical practice guidelines regarding the diagnosis and treatment of nicotine dependence will likely result in improved patient care and compliance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical processing for least mean-squares analysis of biomedical patterns

An optical method for the analysis of coherent light scattering patterns from samples of whole blood or urine is being investigated. The purpose of such analysis is the customary one of inferring counts of the numbers of particulates in each of several chosen classes. The linearity of expected light intensity with respect to numbers of scatterers permits their least mean-squares estimation using a generalized matrix inverse. Implementation of this inversion is by means of a mask operating directly on the light patterns to give immediate minimum-variance linear unbiased estimates.
Cyclin D3 at 6p21 is dysregulated by recurrent chromosomal translocations to immunoglobulin loci in multiple myeloma

Reciprocal chromosomal translocations, which are mediated by errors in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch recombination or somatic hypermutation as plasma cells are generated in germinal centers, are present in most multiple myeloma (MM) tumors. These translocations dysregulate an oncogene that is repositioned in proximity to a strong IgH enhancer. There is a promiscuous array of nonrandom chromosomal partners (and oncogenes), with the 3 most frequent partners (11q13 [cyclin D1]; 4p16 [FGFR3 and MMSET]; 16q23 [c-maf]) involved in nearly half of MM tumors. It is now shown that a novel t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation is present in 1 of 30 MM cell lines and that this cell line uniquely overexpresses cyclin D3. The cloned breakpoint juxtaposes gamma 4 switch sequences with 6p21 sequences that are located about 65 kb centromeric to the cyclin D3 gene. By metaphase chromosome analysis, the t(6;14) (p21;q32) translocation was identified in 6 of 150 (4%) primary MM tumors. Overexpression of cyclin D3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was identified by microarray RNA expression analysis in 3 of 53 additional primary MM tumors, each of which was found to have a t(6;14) translocation breakpoint by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. One tumor has a t(6;22)(p21;q11) translocation, so that cyclin D3 is bracketed by the IgL and IgH breakpoints. These results provide the first clear evidence for primary dysregulation of cyclin D3 during tumorigenesis. It is suggested that the initial oncogenic event for most MM tumors is a primary immunoglobulin translocation that dysregulates cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and other oncogenes to provide a proliferative stimulus to postgerminal center plasma cells.
Plasma-derived serum as a selective agent to obtain endothelial cultures from swine aorta

Endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell cultures from artery wall provide a potential model system for studying cellular processes involved in atherogenesis. To prepare serial subcultures of swine arterial endothelial cells that are free of smooth muscle cells without either selecting a small population or subjecting the cells to cytotoxic conditions, we used swine plasma-derived serum (SPDS) to establish conditions in which endothelial cells have a growth advantage. Endothelial cells were collected by collagenase digestion and smooth muscle cell cultures were prepared by outgrowth from explants of arterial medial segments. Growth rates were compared when each cell type was maintained on SPDS, or fetal bovine serum (FBS), or swine whole serum (SWS). When 20% FBS or SWS were used the doubling times were <30 h for both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. On 20% SPDS the doubling time for endothelial cells was 32 h, but for smooth muscle cells it was at least 168 h. Using SPDS, we prepare endothelial subcultures from swine aorta that express principally polygonal morphology at confluence. Endothelial cell cultures grown on SPDS have higher angiotensin-converting enzyme than those grown on FBS.
P150 Translating Recommendations Into Clinical Decision Support: Cancerlinq Prototype Experience

Background The Guideline Elements Model (GEM) has been widely used to translate natural language clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) into clinical decision support (CDS) using a highly replicable, guideline-centric approach. A CPG recommendation-to-CDS translation process, which uses GEM-processed content to support an oncology rapid learning system (RLS) prototype, is examined here. Objectives To develop rules for a breast cancer-specific CDS prototype using GEM-processed guideline content. Methods We created five breast cancer patient scenarios with expert input from oncologists based on nine published CPGs. Using the Yale Center for Medical Informatics-developed GEM Cutter III editor, we parsed the narrative CPG recommendations into an XML-based, machine-readable format. GEM-processed content was then encoded into a Drools business rule management system to develop an integrated platform prototype for rules, workflow, and event processing. We used meta-tags to create value sets for key components of each recommendation by selecting terms from UMLS vocabularies, including SNOMED CT and LOINC. Results Forty-five recommendations spanning nine CPGs were processed and converted into Drools rules. We identified 138 decision variables and 91 actions within the selected recommendations. From these, we encoded 148 concepts associated with value set meta-tags and 238 decision rules. Discussion The level of difficulty required to encode the recommendations was directly related to the specificity, complexity, and decidability of each recommendation; there was significant variability among the recommendations. Implications for Guideline Developers/Users CPG developers may need new processes in order to optimise recommendations for incorporation into CDS systems.
Linear Random Knots and Their Scaling Behavior

We present here a nonbiased probabilistic method that allows us to consistently analyze knottedness of linear random walks with up to several hundred noncorrelated steps. The method consists of analyzing the spectrum of knots formed by multiple closures of the same open walk through random points on a sphere enclosing the walk. Knottedness of individual "frozen" configurations of linear chains is therefore defined by a characteristic spectrum of realizable knots. We show that in the great majority of cases this method clearly defines the dominant knot type of a walk, i.e., the strongest component of the spectrum. In such cases, direct end-to-end closure creates a knot that usually coincides with the knot type that dominates the random closure spectrum. Interestingly, in a very small proportion of linear random walks, the knot type is not clearly defined. Such walks can be considered as residing in a border zone of the configuration space of two or more knot types. We also characterize the scaling behavior of linear random knots.
Component-based modeling of dynamic systems using heterogeneous composition

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are composed of computational and physical components, which includes various types of physical phenomena such as electrical and mechanical domains. Many modeling paradigms exist to model the static properties and dynamic behavior of such components. However, there is no unified modeling framework to compose components that use different paradigms and/or tools. In this paper, we present the syntax and semantics of such an integration language and its component-based design, where components can embed models from different tools, formalisms, and paradigms such as Bond Graphs and Modelica models. Our framework is built around common set of interface concepts to support heterogeneous composition and interchangeability among modeling paradigms.
Use of Soil Electroconductivity in a Multistage Soil-Sampling Scheme

The inherent variability of pasturelands makes it difficult to sample soils and accurately characterize a pasture. Indirect methods such as soil electroconductivity (EC) can be used to rapidly, noninvasively, and inexpensively quantify soil variability. The objective of this study was to determine if rapidly collected, georeferenced soil information could be used to propose an accurate, multistage sampling scheme for five soil variables in a central Iowa pasture. Results from this study suggest that the use of noninvasively collected soil EC and topographic data along with fuzzy k-means clustering can be used to delineate relatively homogeneous sampling zones. Consequently, these easily defined sampling zones can beneficially serve as a more directed approach to soil sampling.
QCD studies at SLD: Identified hadron production in jets of different flavors

We have measured the differential cross sections for the production of π±, K±, K0, K∗(892), φ(1020), p and Λ in hadronic Z0 decays and in subsets of flavor-tagged Z0 → light-flavor (uu, dd, or ss), Z0 → cc and Z0 → bb events. Charged hadrons were identified with the SLD Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector. A vertex detector was employed to select flavor-enriched samples, and the polarized electron beam from SLC was used to tag quark and antiquark jets. We observe a flavor dependence in the hadron fragmentation functions. We also present evidence for leading particle production in hadronic decays of the Z0 boson to light-flavor jets and a direct measurement of the strangeness suppression factor γs.
CHANGES IN THE DYNAMIC STABILITY OF WALKING IN ACTIVE HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS INDEPENDENT OF CHANGES IN WALKING SPEED

Older adults commonly walk slower, which many believe helps improve their walking stability. However, they remain at increased risk of falls. We investigated how differences in age and walking speed independently affect dynamic stability during walking, and how age-related changes in leg strength and ROM affected this relationship. Eighteen active healthy older and 17 younger adults walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes each at each of 5 speeds (80–120% of preferred). Local divergence exponents and maximum Floquet multipliers (FM) were calculated to quantify each subject’s responses to small inherent perturbations during walking. These older adults exhibited the same preferred walking speeds as the younger subjects (p = 0.860). However, these older adults still exhibited greater local divergence exponents (p<0.0001) and higher maximum FM (p<0.007) than young adults at all walking speeds. These older adults remained more unstable (p<0.04) even after adjusting for declines in both strength and ROM. In both age groups, local divergence exponents decreased at slower speeds and increased at faster speeds (p<0.0001). Maximum FM showed similar changes with speed (p<0.02). The older adults in this study were healthy enough to walk at normal speeds. However, these adults were still more unstable than the young adults, independent of walking speed. This greater instability was not explained by loss of leg strength and ROM. Slower speeds led to decreased instability in both groups.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
On the viscosity of superfluid 3He

Abstract We calculate the shear viscosity of the axial and isotropic phases of superfluid 3 He assuming a constant mean free path (attributed to diffusive boundary scattering) for the quasi-particles. The results are compared with the experiments of Alvesalo et al.
Melatonin and human puberty: Current perspectives

Many studies of melatonin in human puberty are difficult to interpret in light of methodological considerations such as the use of single blood samples collected either during the day or at night; a small number of observations; the failure to include the temporal characteristics of melatonin secretion; the definition of puberty by the use of broad clinical features without use of hormonal markers of puberty; the lack of control for the actual duration and intensity of light exposure during the days preceding the study; and the cross sectional nature of most studies. The few studies that have examined the plasma melatonin rhythm in humans by multiple blood sampling overnight or over 24 hr suggest that normal pubertal development (as well as normal ovarian function) are not linked to alterations in the plasma melatonin profile. There is, however, some evidence to suggest that disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (delayed puberty, precocious puberty, hypothalamic amenorrhea) may be linked to altered plasma melatonin profile, at least in some cases. These findings, taken together with strong evidence for the role of the pineal gland in the reproductive function of other vertebrate species, render unlikely the inference that the pineal gland has no role in the development and function of the human reproductive axis. Thus, one may speculate that a pineal-puberty relation does exist in humans and that the research techniques applied to date have been inadequate to uncover this relation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of Subsurface Joint Deterioration: Blind Test Comparison of Ultrasound Array Technology with Conventional Nondestructive Methods

Results of a blind test evaluation of various nondestructive testing techniques, including well-established methods such as chain dragging, rod sounding, and ground-penetrating radar, compared with an emerging ultrasonic array technology for determining the extent of concrete joint deterioration, are presented. Nondestructive testing at two concrete pavement joints at the Minnesota Road Research Facility was performed, and the results were independently evaluated and submitted to the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Significant discrepancies in subsurface deterioration assessments were observed between these techniques. Forensic evaluation (trenching and coring) was used to resolve the discrepancies in test results. It was concluded that the ultrasound array analysis was the only method that could accurately determine the horizontal extent of the deterioration otherwise undetected by the other available nondestructive evaluation methods. Additionally, ultrasonic tomography analysis was able to dete...
Detection of C, H, N, and O in capillary gas chromatography by atomic emission

Using a new atomic emission detector for gas chromatography, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of selective elemental detection of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen were investigated. Sensitivity, precision, degree of tailing, and response variation between compounds are reported for capillary applications. Earlier atomic emission detectors reported poor sensitivity and selectivity for the analysis of oxygen. These problems have been greatly reduced due to lower interactions between elements in the sample and the silica wall of the water-cooled discharge tube. Using near-optimal sample amounts and chromatographic conditions, area precision was found to be very good with little variation in response factors among different compounds. For the compounds tested, response factors varied over a span of 2% to 3% for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and over 7% for oxygen. For quantitative analysis, area ratios were calibrated directly from the area ratios of two elements of an internal standard, and yielded better precision and compound independence than the individual calibrated response of each element. Empirical formulas were calcualted using one peak as a qualitative internal standard. Unambiguous formulas were determined for some, but not all, of the compounds tested. Further increases in precision and/or compound independence is needed before empirical formula determination can be used as a routine tool.
Electronic structure of Ba ( Fe , Ru ) 2 As 2 and Sr ( Fe , Ir ) 2 As 2 alloys

The electronic structures of $\text{Ba}{(\text{Fe},\text{Ru})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ and $\text{Sr}{(\text{Fe},\text{Ir})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ are investigated using density functional calculations. We find that these systems behave as coherent alloys from the electronic structure point of view. In particular, the isoelectronic substitution of Fe by Ru does not provide doping but rather suppresses the spin-density wave characteristic of the pure Fe compound by a reduction in the Stoner enhancement and an increase in the bandwidth due to hybridization involving Ru. The electronic structure near the Fermi level otherwise remains quite similar to that of ${\text{BaFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$. The behavior of the Ir alloy is similar except that in this case there is additional electron doping.
The high resolution structure of tyrocidine A reveals an amphipathic dimer.

Abstract Tyrocidine A, one of the first antibiotics ever to be discovered, is a cyclic decapeptide that binds to membranes of target bacteria, disrupting their integrity. It is active against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive organisms, and has recently engendered interest as a potential scaffold for the development of new drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We present here the X-ray crystal structure of tyrocidine A at a resolution of 0.95 A. The structure reveals that tyrocidine forms an intimate and highly amphipathic homodimer made up of four beta strands that associate into a single, highly curved antiparallel beta sheet. We used surface plasmon resonance and potassium efflux assays to demonstrate that tyrocidine binds tightly to mimetics of bacterial membranes with an apparent dissociation constant (K D ) of 10 μM, and efficiently permeabilizes bacterial cells at concentrations equal to and below the K D . Using variant forms of tyrocidine in which the fluorescent probe p -cyano-phenylalanine had been inserted on either the polar or apolar face of the molecule, we performed fluorescence quenching experiments, using both water-soluble and membrane-embedded quenchers. The quenching results, together with the structure, strongly support a membrane association model in which the convex, apolar face of tyrocidine's beta sheet is oriented toward the membrane interior, while the concave, polar face is presented to the aqueous phase.
The “Other” Story of Model Minorities: Korean American High School Dropouts in an Urban Context

This article analyzes how socioeconomic backgrounds, social capital, and school resources affect Korean American youths' educational attainment and aspirations. In the context of limited social and economic support, students delineate differences within coethnic communities along class lines and adopt an oppositional cultural frame of reference to endure and resist institutional barriers. This study demonstrates the significance of distinguishing socioeconomic differences within Korean American communities and for whom the enclaves may be more beneficial.
A Power and Data Link for a Wireless-Implanted Neural Recording System

A wireless cortical neural recording system with a miniature-implanted package is needed in a variety of neuroscience and biomedical applications. Toward that end, we have developed a transcutaneous two-way communication and power system for wireless neural recording. Wireless powering and forward data transmission (into the body) at 1.25 Mbps is achieved using a frequency-shift keying modulated class E converter. The reverse telemetry (out of the body) carrier frequency is generated using an integer-N phase-locked loop, providing the necessary wideband data link to support simultaneous reverse telemetry from multiple implanted devices on separate channels. Each channel is designed to support reverse telemetry with a data rate in excess of 3 Mbps, which is sufficient for our goal of streaming 16 channels of raw neural data. We plan to incorporate this implantable power and telemetry system in a 1-cm diameter single-site cortical neural recording implant.
The ABCCs of myelofibrosis

Comment on Barosi et al, page [2849][1] “The illness which he'd been smitten should have been analyzed when caught something like spleen that scourge of Britain or Russia's chondria for short” —Alexander Pushkin Eugene Onegin (1823), stanza 38 For nearly 150 years, the disease