cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of an Escherichia coli protein carrying a signal peptide mutation causes depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane potential.

Abstract A deletion mutation (lpp delta 9 delta 13 delta 14) in the signal peptide of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli (Lpp) was found to cause severe effects on cell physiology, resulting in cessation of growth within 10 min of induction of lpp delta 9 delta 13 delta 14 expression and rapid cell death. Further investigation revealed that lpp delta 9 delta 13 delta 14 expression caused slow processing of several other exported proteins. The origin of this effect was traced to depolarization of the electrochemical potential across the cytoplasmic membrane, which is known to be required for efficient protein export. Analysis of the processing rate of the mutant, either prior to complete depolarization or in a suppressor strain in which depolarization does not occur, indicates that the mutant protein was capable of secretion at a rate which, while less than that of the wild type, was reasonably rapid compared with the rates of other E. coli secreted proteins. The existence of this type of signal peptide mutation suggests that the cell may have a mechanism to avoid membrane damage from secretory proteins carrying membrane-active signal peptides which is bypassed by the lpp delta 9 delta 13 delta 14 mutant.
Finite Precision Representation of the Conley Decomposition

We present a theoretical basis for a novel way of studying and representing the long-time behavior of finite-dimensional maps. It is based on a finite representation of e-pseudo orbits of a map by the sample paths of a suitable Markov chain based on a finite partition of phase space. The use of stationary states of the chain and the corresponding partition elements in approximating the attractors of maps and differential equations was demonstrated in Refs. 7 and 3 and proved for a class of stable attracting sets in Ref. 8. Here we explore the relationship between the communication classes of the Markov chain and basic sets of the Conley decomposition of a dynamical system. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a chain transitive set and show that basic sets are isolated from each other by neighborhoods associated with closed communication classes of the chain. A partition element approximation of an isolating block is introduced that is easy to express in terms of sample paths. Finally, we show that when the map supports an SBR measure there is a unique closed communication class and the Markov chain restricted to those states is irreducible.
Kisspeptin excitation of GnRH neurons.

Kisspeptin binding to its cognate G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54, aka Kiss1R) in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons stimulates peptide release and activation of the reproductive axis in mammals. Kisspeptin has pronounced pre- and postsynaptic effects, with the latter dominating the excitability of GnRH neurons. Presynaptically, kisspeptin increases the excitatory drive (both GABA-A and glutamate) to GnRH neurons and postsynaptically, kisspeptin inhibits an A-type and inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir 6.2 and GIRK) currents and activates nonselective cation (TRPC) currents to cause long-lasting depolarization and increased action potential firing. The signaling cascades and the multiple intracellular targets of kisspeptin actions in native GnRH neurons are continuing to be elucidated. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge about kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons.
When faults communicate: Viscoelastic coupling and earthquake clustering in a simple two‐fault system

[1] 3-D finite element models of a simplified northern and southern San Andreas-type fault system are presented with the goal of better understanding how great earthquakes (M ≥ 7.5) on one major segment of a fault can affect the earthquake cycle on another colinear fault segment separated from the first by an asesimically creeping segment. We find that the earthquake cycles of the two seismogenic fault segments become coupled as the lower crustal viscosity and/or the fault separation distance are decreased. Further, models with a 10%–30% difference in relative fault breaking strengths exhibit a bi-modal distribution of repeat times for each fault, resulting in earthquakes that appear clustered in time.
The effect of obesity on survival in patients with ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective Data has suggested obesity as an independent prognostic factor for lower survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We sought to determine if obesity portends a disadvantage to surgical outcomes at the time of initial surgery affecting survival. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with EOC was performed. All patients underwent primary cytoreductive surgery followed by taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy. Patient demographics, surgicopathologic and survival data were evaluated. Patients were compared based on body mass index (BMI) ( χ 2 test, and Fischer's exact test. Results 304 patients were identified. 71 patients (23%) were obese (BMI>30). The groups were similar in regard to stage, grade, histology, and chemotherapy administered. In regard to surgical outcomes, no difference was seen in estimated blood loss (EBL), operating room (OR) time, or operative complications excluding wound complications. Optimal debulking rates were similar in obese and non-obese patients (52% vs. 51% respectively, p =0.88). There was no statistical difference in progression free survival (17 vs. 11 months) or overall survival (48 vs. 40 months) between the two groups or across BMI strata. Conclusion Although obesity has been reported as an independent prognostic factor for survival, this data demonstrates that survival rates are similar between obese and non-obese patients when optimal debulking statuses are the same. Therefore, maximal effort should be directed towards optimal debulking obese patients with EOC.
Universal binary Hermitian forms

We will determine (up to equivalence) all of the integral positive definite Hermitian lattices in imaginary quadratic fields of class number 1 that represent all positive integers.
The economic impact of integrated circuitry

Let us look at what the integrated circuit market probably was in 1963, as shown in Table V. As applied to semiconductor networks, these are EIA numbers — for all other circuits, out best estimate. Research and development contracts are not included. Remember that we are defining integrated circuitry as “The physical realization of a number of circuit elements, inseparably associated on or within a continuous body to perform the function of a circuit.” Under the terms of this definition we exclude RC networks and similar assemblages of completely passive equivalent components.
The Ranschburg Phenomenon: Failures of immediate recall correlated with repetition of elements within a stimulus

Seven-consonant stimuli were recalled immediately. When the consonant in Position 2 was repeated in Position 5, 6, or 7, an increase in errors occurred at the latter position, as compared with control stimuli involving no repetition. Confirmation of the Ranschburg Phenomenon does not occur, however, when the repeated-element positions are 2 and 4. Nor was there an increased error rate for elements following a repeated element. These observations support the importance of intra-stimulus interference in immediate memory, but leave uncertain the associative mechanism responsible for such interference.
PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the β1-adrenergic receptor promotes Gs/Gi switching

Abstract Recently, it has been shown that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) reduces its affinity for Gs and increases its affinity for Gi. Here we demonstrate that, like the β2-AR, the β1-AR is also capable of “switching” its coupling from Gs to Gi in a PKA-dependent manner. The β1-AR is capable of activating adenylate cyclase via Gs, and can also activate the extracellular-regulated kinases, p44 and p42 (ERK1/2). In transfected CHO cells, the observed β1-AR-mediated activation of ERK is both sensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX), indicating involvement of Gi/Go, and to the PKA inhibitor, H-89. β1-ARs with PKA phosphorylation sites mutated to alanines are unable to activate ERK. Mutating these same residues to aspartic acid, mimicking PKA phosphorylation, leads to a decrease in Gs-stimulated cAMP accumulation and an increase in PTX-sensitive ERK activation. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the β1-AR, like the β2-AR, can undergo PKA-dependent “Gs/Gi switching”.
Fitting Correlated Data: A Critique of the Guggenheim Method and Other Difference Techniques

In certain data treatment procedures, like the Guggenheim method for first-order kinetics data with a background and various combination differences methods in spectroscopy, the analyzed data are o...
The effect of minimal shoes on arch structure and intrinsic foot muscle strength

Background: This prospective study explored the effects of endurance running (ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot’s superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch. Our hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher, stronger, stiffer arches. Methods: The hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups, a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear, whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training regime. Running kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment period. Results: Analysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitorum brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11% and 21%, respectively, but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18% and 22%, respectively, and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness (60%). Conclusion: These results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the springlike function of the longitudinal arch, thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch, thereby strengthening the foot.
From the Preface to the French edition of Une exigence infinie

Like elephant pregnancies, most books have long gestation periods. This one is no exception. It is the distillation into a single, continuous argument of much that I have been thinking about for many years, at least since my time as a student in France in the late 1980s. My aim is very simple: first, to lay out my position with regard to ethics as clearly as possible around the theme of commitment; and, second, to show how that position not only has, I hope, significant political consequences, but constitutes a persuasive vision of political resistance. The book begins with what our German friends call a Zeitdiagnose, a diagnosis of the times. Although the writing of Une exigence infinie was completed in August 2006, I still think that my analyses have some explanatory power. The picture of a world framed by war where purportedly democratic regimes, like the USA, deploy terror in their attempts to confront it, is still very much with us—even if full-scale, classical military invasions have given way to the cowardice of drone strikes and the cynicism of assassination. We could call this military neo-liberalism, where economic policies intended to further the interests of Western powers are backed up with the threat of military intervention. I begin from the claim that there is a massive motivational deficit at the heart of Western democracy. Whatever alleged consensus governed states such as France has long since broken down. Political parties have shifted
An Examination into the Dyadic Effects of Mood in Social Interactions

Much of the research on mood and communication has failed to examine the potential social and interactive attributes of mood suggested by studies involving affective contagion. An experiment involving 63 dyads was conducted manipulating the mood of both individuals involved to investigate these issues. Results suggest that the mood of both individuals can potentially impact an individual within an interaction. The findings are discussed, and future directions are suggested.
Observed difference in the ranges of positive and negative muons

Abstract The measured ranges of negative muons are ∼0.2% greater than those of positive muons of the same initial momenta in the interval 500–1500 MeV/ c . This necessitates a correction to published values for the CP -violating charge asymmetry in K° μ3 decays.
Intraabdominal complications after lung transplantation.

Background Because more lung transplant recipients survive the perioperative period, nonpulmonary complications become a major source of morbidity and mortality. Of these, intraabdominal complications are of particular concern because of the potential need for surgical intervention. So appropriate management of these complications becomes paramount. Study design We retrospectively reviewed 229 lung transplant recipients in a university medical center, between January 1997 and December 2004 developed in forty-seven patients. Abdominal complications. Detailed reviews of these patients' hospital charts were performed. Complications were categorized as early or late depending on if they occurred within 30 days of transplantation or later. The primary outcomes variable studied was mortality. Results Fifty-three surgical consultations for abdominal symptoms were requested in these 47 patients. Twenty-two of the 47 patients (47%) with intraabdominal complications required 24 operative interventions. Overall 5-year survival was substantially worse in patients with intraabdominal complications (34%) than in those without (62%, p=0.01). There was no marked difference in the 30-day mortality for patients experiencing early (27%, 4 of 15) versus late (24%, 9 of 38) complications. Mortality in patients with intraabdominal complications was lower among those treated operatively (n=2, 9%) compared with those treated nonoperatively (n=11, 44%, p=0.02). Conclusions Mortality for patients with intraabdominal complications is high after lung transplantation. Operative intervention is well tolerated and associated with lower mortality. A high index of suspicion and timely operative intervention are necessary for the treatment of intraabdominal complications in lung transplant recipients.
Differences in the lateral mobility of receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) in the luteal cell plasma membrane when occupied by ovine LH versus human chorionic gonadotropin.

Receptors for LH are internalized by ovine luteal cells 50 times slower when occupied by hCG than when occupied by ovine LH (oLH). To determine if differences in the rate of internalization were due to differences in the lateral mobility of the hormone-receptor complexes in the cell membrane, the diffusion coefficients of oLH- and hCG-LH receptor complexes were measured using fluorescence photobleaching recovery methods. Tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labeled oLH and hCG, which retained full ability to bind to receptor, were bound to LH receptors on enzymatically dispersed ovine luteal cells. Molecules labeled with TRITC within a 3-μm2 region of the cell surface were bleached by a 500-msec pulse of 3 mw laser light at a wavelength of 514.5 nm. The laser beam intensity was then attenuated 20,000-fold, and fluorescence from the bleached area was measured by single photon counting as unbleached fluorescent hormone-receptor complexes diffused into the region. Data were analyzed on-line by a NOVA ...
5'-Methylthioadenosine metabolism and methionine synthesis in mammalian cells grown in culture

Abstract The biosynthesis of methionine from 5′-methylthioadenosine was examined in a number of human and mouse cell lines. 5′-Methylthioadenosine added to the culture medium was rapidly converted to methionine, accumulating in cell protein. J111 cells and mouse spleen fibroblasts grew significantly in a medium in which 5′-methylthioadenosine replaced methionine. L1210 cells, which lack 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, did not grow in this medium, and human breast fibroblasts did not grow either, even though these cells have normal levels of 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.
The Problem Is More Mental Than Economic: Ousmane Sembène in Conversation with Samba Gadjigo

After more than three years of work, Ousmane Sembene put the finishing touches on his feature film Moolaade . This film was selected for the Cannes Film Festival (Un Certain Regard) and had its press screening on May 14, 2004, then its debut on May 15. Several hours after the final postproduction on the film, on April 11, 2004, Sembene graciously granted Samba Gadjigo this interview in Rabat, Morocco. Their conversation covers diverse issues such as women in Africa, the role and responsibility of the artist, art and pleasure, cinema and political activism, and Africa and globalization.
Damage parameters of structural materials in fusion environment compared to fission reactor irradiation

Abstract Calculations were performed to quantify the damage parameters in the leading candidate structural and plasma facing materials when used in magnetic and inertial confinement fusion systems and when irradiated in fission reactors. The structural materials considered are ferritic steel, austenitic steel, vanadium alloy and SiC/SiC composite. Plasma facing materials included beryllium, tungsten, and carbon fiber composites. Atomic displacement damage and gas production rates are greatly influenced by the neutron energy spectrum. For the same neutron wall loading, atomic displacement damage is slightly lower in inertial fusion systems than in magnetic fusion systems but gas production is about a factor of 2 lower. In addition, much lower gas production is obtained in samples irradiated in fission reactors. The results help guide irradiation experiments in fission reactors to properly simulate the damage environment in fusion systems and facilitate extrapolating to the expected material performance in fusion systems.
Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany: Epilepsiezentrum Bethel: Epilepsy Centre, Bethel

The ‘Rheinisch-Westfalische Anstalt fur Epileptische’, better known under the later name ‘Anstalt Bethel’ was founded in 1867 by pious merchants and salesmen of Bielefeld. It is a non-governmental foundation with a Christian background. The foundation has to be seen in connection with two conferences in Bruchsal and Bonn in 1865. The care for people with epilepsy was the main topic of these conferences. From the records of these conferences we know that the industrialisation in Germany had disastrous effects on those that had seizures and were poor. Employment and housing were closely linked, those who lost their jobs also lost their homes; the pattern of life changed according to production demands; sick or inefficient workers were expelled as a sufficient number of workers were available at that time. The foundation of ‘Heil-und Pflegeanstalten’ (nursing homes) was also influenced by ideas of the French Revolution and the belief that all men are equal thus having equal rights in a democratic society. Those who were handicapped had to have special support and education to participate in society. Special institutions were created to provide this for those who were not able to meet the demands of a society based on equality. The foundation was thus based on ideas of integration; originally long-term residential care was not an aim. Pedagogues had a dominant position in the care for people with epilepsy, and the head of the first home for people with epilepsy in Bethel was a teacher. The institution grew and in 1872 Friedrich v. Bodelschwingh became head of the entire institution. Several years later he realised that only a small percentage of the patients could be discharged and return to their homes, families or could live on their own outside the institution. Poverty was one reason, continuos seizures was another one. Bodelschwingh concluded that the task of Bethel should be less that of healing and nursing, and more of providing a place to live and work. He developed the concept of ‘colonies’. Consequently, not only people with epilepsy but others expelled from society without a home or work could find a place to live in Bethel. In the following years Bethel expanded in size and in its range of activities. Nowadays, the institution has subsidiaries at different locations and encompasses various fields of work, including, e.g. general hospitals, psychiatry, help for people with social difficulties (e.g. homeless, unemployed people), care for people with mental retardation and handicaps, care for elderly people, vocational training centres and schools. The entire institution (named officially now ‘v. Bodelschwinghsche Anstalten Bethel’) consists of three foundations: the Westphalian Institution of Deacons and Deaconesses Nazareth and Sarepta and the institution of Bethel.
Self-regulation techniques in the management of chronic arthritic pain in hemophilia*

Three adult hemophiliacs with chronic arthritic pain received training in self-regulation techniques consisting of progressive muscle relaxation exercises, meditative breathing, and guided imagery associated with past experiences of arthritic pain relief. The self-regulation techniques resulted in clinically significant reductions in arthritic pain perception for all three hemophiliacs, with maintenance demonstrated at 12, 14, and 7 months, respectively, across the three patients. Additional parameters reported included the comparative assessment of overall improvements in pain, sleep, and mobility, physiological assessment of surface skin temperature at the arthritic joints, analgesics, units of factor replacement, and frequency of bleeding episodes. The findings were discussed in relationship to potential synergistic mechanisms which might have contributed to the reduction of arthritic pain perception. The importance of differentiating between acute bleeding pain and chronic arthritic pain management was strongly emphasized, as well as the necessity of the application of these self-regulation techniques within an interdisciplinary hemophilia center context.
Failed organ preservation strategy for adult laryngeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Abstract Purpose To present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the intrinsic laryngeal musculature and discuss the treatment of this rare tumor. Methods and materials A 45 year-old male presented with an eleven month history of hoarseness. A mass of the posterior glottis was noted on fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Computed tomography indicated a 1.5 × 2.5 cm laryngeal mass without cartilage involvement. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy were consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma involving the interarytenoid muscle. A multidisciplinary tumor board recommended multimodality therapy including total laryngectomy. His case was reviewed along with the available English language literature. Results The patient refused surgery, and he qualified for a pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma treatment protocol with induction chemotherapy followed by combined chemoradiation. There was no noted response and the patient was taken off protocol to increase the radiation dose without chemotherapy. Fifteen weeks following radiation, a repeat biopsy revealed viable tumor. The patient elected further experimental chemotherapy at an outside hospital. The patient currently is alive at 34 months post-treatment with suspected persistent disease and continues to refuse surgery. Conclusions Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma involving the larynx is an extremely rare tumor usually seen in children. There have been few previous adult cases reported and treatment options are not well described. We present a case of chemoradiation failure in an adult with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma refusing surgical intervention. Although pediatric tumors can be effectively treated with organ preservation strategies, adult tumors may have a poorer response. Based upon our experience and existing literature regarding adult embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx, multimodality therapy including surgical resection should be the treatment of choice.
Linear Programming in Blending Various Components of Surimi Seafood

Shear stress, shear strain, whiteness of surimi gels made with high and low grades of Alaska pollock and Pacific whiting were investigated to determine linearity of their relationships. A canonical form of least square linear model in mixture design showed a greater linearity (r 2 =0.99) for blending high and low grade surimi lots. Due to linearity without interaction (p<0.001), a least cost linear program provided optimum blending for surimi lots based on value, constraints, and decision variables. Linear programming to determine optimum formulation of surimi with starches and water content was not feasible due to interactions between surimi and starch, or starch and water.
Copper(I), silver(I) and gold(I) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene.

N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized phosphinidene IMes·PPh has been used as a bridging ligand to isolate a group of closely related molecules involving all three coinage metal ions. The bis-copper(I) chloride, bis-silver(I) chloride and bis-copper(I) bromide adducts of IMes·PPh crystallize as halide ion bridged octanuclear molecules while the [IMes·PPh](AuCl)2 adduct remains monomeric. These molecules feature long P–C(carbene) bonds in the range 1.822(3)–1.843(4) A, near the typical P–C single bond length region.
Advances in physiologic lung assessment via electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)

Lung function has been evaluated in both health and disease states by techniques, such as pulmonary function tests, which generally study aggregate function. These decades old modalities have yielded a valuable understanding of global physiologic and pathophysiologic structure-to-function relationships. However, such approaches have reached their limits. They cannot meet the current and anticipated needs of new surgical and pharmaceutical treatments. 4-D CT can provide insights into regional lung function (ventilation and blood flow) and thus can provide information at an early stage of disease when intervention will have the greatest impact. Lung CT over the last decade has helped with further defining anatomic features in disease, but has lagged behind advances on the cellular and molecular front largely because of the failure to account for functional correlates to structural pathology. Commercially available CT scanners are now capable of volumetric data acquisition in a breath-hold and capable of multi-level slice acquisitions of the heart and lungs with a per slice scan aperture of 50 - 300 msec, allowing for regional blood flow measurements. Static, volumetric imaging of the lung is inadequate in that much of lung pathology is a dynamic phenomenon and, thus, is only detectable if the lung is imaged as air and blood are flowing. This paper review the methodologies and early physiologic findings associated with our measures of lung tissue properties coupled with regional ventilation and perfusion.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Applying Social Support Research: Theoretical Problems and Future Directions

Two independent research traditions have evolved that deal with social support-an analytic tradition that emphasizes theory-based tests of hypotheses and an applied tradition that emphasizes evaluations of interventions. This paper seeks to stimulate feedback between these two traditions by examining how implicit assumptions and conceptual distinctions embedded within the analytic literature translate into suggestions for intervention. Assumptions that bear on the soundness of undertaking interventions of any kind are considered first, followed by assumptions that bear on the conceptualization of specific intervention strategies. Issues that underlie efforts to implement interventions (e.g., funding, staffing) are also discussed. Examples of research questions that explicitly link the analytic and applied traditions are provided.
Teaching Love: “teaching the power of the word”

Teaching Love is a commentary and response to “Teaching the power of the word,” an ethnodrama based on a series of narrative interviews conducted with an outstanding teacher of English in the Chicago Public Schools, Anise Arcova, written by Charles Vanover (and also submitted to QSE as an original work). Brown and Vanover intend for the two manuscripts to be linked and considered together.
UBV PHOTOMETRY OF THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 381

UBV photoelectric and photographic photometry of the field of NGC 381 confirms the existence of an open cluster of some 60-plus stars, reddened by E(B-V) = 0.35 mag, at a distance of 950 pc. Cluster age determination from main-sequence turnoff point is similar to that of NGC 2281 (about 320 million years). The distance and age of the cluster appear to preclude the nearby eclipsing binary OX Cas from membership.
Dinitrophenol and bioenergetics: an historical perspective.

The subject of the paper is the history of dinitrophenol compounds in relationship to bioenergetics. The history of the interaction between dinitrophenols and bioenergetics can be traced back to 1885 whenCazeneuve andLEpine discovered the thermogenic effects of dinitronapthol. Dinitronapthol and dinitrocresol were used as food colors in the late 19th century although a growing awareness of their toxic properties led to the prohibition of their use for this purpose in certain countries. The toxicity of dinitrophenol was studied in some detail byMayer and his colleagues in France during World War I since it was used by the French in the manufacture of munitions. They recognized that the compound stimulated cellular metabolism, but they did not publish their results until many years later and as a result their work was at first not widely known. In the late 1920's and early 1930's, CorneilleHeymans and his colleagues at Ghent andCutting andTainter and their colleagues at Stanford demonstrated the metabolic stimulating powers of dinitronapthol and dinitrophenol. The Stanford group introduced dinitrophenol into therapeutics for the treatment of obesity, and the drug soon found its way into numerous “anti-fat” patent medicines. Several fatalities, a number of cases of cataract, and other reported toxic effects led to widespread concern about the use of dinitrophenol. The FDA could not take effective action against the drug, however, until after its powers had been expanded by the 1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The use of dinitrophenol and related compounds for treating obesity was essentially discontinued after the 1930's. Studies on the mode of action of dinitrophenol in the 1930's and 1940's led ultimately to the establishment of the fact that it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (Loomis andLipmann, 1948).
The Keyword Method and Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning: A Rationale for Its Use

ABSTRACT Acquiring a strong foundation in vocabulary is critical to successful foreign language learning. Many studies have shown that students can learn foreign vocabulary more easily and can retain that vocabulary over long periods of time when the mnemonic keyword method is used to teach the vocabulary. The keyword method is an associative technique that makes use of acoustic and imagery links between the foreign word and its English translation. The impressive levels of recall produced by use of the keyword method indicate that the method should be implemented into foreign language programs. This paper asks the question, “Why isn't the keyword method being used to teach foreign language vocabulary?” It addresses the possible concerns of language teachers, provides a rationale for using the keyword method to teach foreign vocabulary, and describes a procedure for implementing the method into the language class. Although examples are given for Spanish vocabulary, the method has been applied successfully to several other languages and can be used in any foreign language class.
Parasitism in captive and reintroduced red wolves.

Fecal examinations revealed that at least 10 of 21 (48%) captive red wolves (Canis rufus) and eight of 12 (67%) free-ranging red wolves were infected with intestinal parasites. No captive wolves and only one of seven reintroduced wolves had dirofilariasis. Ticks were collected from 10 of 21 (48%) captive wolves and nine of 12 (75%) free-ranging animals. Ivermectin administered at a dosage of 50 μg/Ag of estimated body weight every 30 to 60 days apparently prevented or ameliorated parasitism in red wolves.
Reproducibility of stand-alone continuous-wave Doppler recordings of aortic flow velocity across bioprosthetic valves.

Abstract Continuous-wave Doppler spectra of aortic flow velocity were recorded in duplicate in 20 consecutive patients with aortic porcine valves by 1 technician on 3 occasions: initially and 1 week and 1 month later. The highest maximal aortic velocity recorded from at least 2 transducer locations was taken from 5 consecutive beats that did not vary. The 120 tracings were coded and read by 1 observer. In blinded fashion, 20 records were read twice and 26 were read by 2 interpreters. Variability was calculated from the square root of pooled variances and expressed in meters per second and also related to the mean velocity and expressed as percent coefficient of variation for the following categories: interpretive [intraobserver ±0.019 (0.8%), interobserver ±0.071 (2.7%)], technical [duplication ±0.048 (1.9%)], temporal/biologic [±0.125 (5.0%)]. Doppler measurements of aortic velocity can achieve excellent reproducibility by maintaining constant technique. With a methodologic variability of ±2%, the variability associated with the passage of time was significantly different at ±5% and was a result of fluctuations in the physiology of a few subjects. Thus, the technique can distinguish small method errors from minor drifts of the biology and, by implication, detect the onset of bioprosthetic degeneration.
Signal transduction across alamethicin ion channels in the presence of noise

We have studied voltage-dependent ion channels of alamethicin reconstituted into an artificial planar lipid bilayer membrane from the point of view of electric signal transduction. Signal transduction properties of these channels are highly sensitive to the external electric noise. Specifically, addition of bandwidth-restricted "white" noise of 10–20 mV (r.m.s.) to a small sine wave input signal increases the output signal by approximately 20–40 dB conserving, and even slightly increasing, the signal-to-noise ratio at the system output. We have developed a small-signal adiabatic theory of stochastic resonance for a threshold-free system of voltage-dependent ion channels. This theory describes our main experimental findings giving good qualitative understanding of the underlying mechanism. It predicts the right value of the output signal-to-noise ratio and provides a reliable estimate for the noise intensity corresponding to its maximum. Our results suggest that the alamethicin channel in a lipid bilayer is a good model system for studies of mechanisms of primary electrical signal processing in biology showing an important feature of signal transduction improvement by a fluctuating environment.
CA 125 in peritoneal washings and fluid: Correlation with plasma CA 125 and peritoneal cytology

Sixty-four women with ovarian cancer and 46 controls with benign gynecologic conditions underwent cytologic and CA 125 evaluations of peritoneal fluid or peritoneal washings at laparotomy. These parameters were correlated with preoperative disease status, intraoperative findings, and preoperative plasma CA 125 levels to determine their value in assessing occult disease. No false-positive cytology reports were observed. Cytology specimens were positive in 20 of 23 patients (87%) with clinical evidence of disease who had peritoneal fluid present, but in only 18 of 29 (62%) of similar patients with no peritoneal fluid present (P less than .05). CA 125 values were elevated in 16 of 23 (69.5%) and 15 of 29 (52%) of these samples, respectively (P greater than .05). Levels of CA 125 in peritoneal fluid washings correlated poorly with the presence of obvious intraperitoneal cancer and had questionable reliability when used to evaluate patients clinically free of disease. Positive peritoneal cytology reflected the presence of ovarian cancer, but its absence did not mean that an objective response to chemotherapy treatment had occurred. Disease status correlated best with physical examination and circulating levels of CA 125.
An improved approach to detecting content-aware scaling-based tampering in JPEG images

Content-aware scaling is a method for image retargeting. It has been widely used in image manipulation including tampering. To improve the detection of the forgery in JPEG images, we propose to merge calibrated neighboring joint density and a rich models-based approach that was originally designed for steganalysis. A feature selection algorithm is utilized to reduce the feature dimensionality in the merged feature set. Experimental results show that the high-dimensional detector consisting of calibrated neighboring joint density and rich model features noticeably improves the detection accuracy; and the application of feature selection method to the high-dimensional detector can further improve the detection accuracy by using a much smaller and optimized feature set.
Dispersion in neutral boundary layer over astep change in surface roughness—II. Concentration profiles and dispersionparameters

This is a comparative study of dispersion in two different simulated boundary layers over homogeneous surfaces and over a step change (small to large roughness) in surface roughness. Hydrocarbon concentration measurements in the homogeneous boundary layers reflect the differences in generated turbulence for the two surfaces. Comparison of the maximum ground-level concentration as a function of stack height shows typically a factor of two increase for the block-roughness boundary layer (BBL) over that of the smoother fine-Sanspray roughness at the same stack height. This same relative difference is also reflected in the distance of Cmax from the stack. The increased turbulence of the block-roughness causes the plume to reach the surface quicker and closer to the stack as compared to the fine-Sanspray boundary layer (FBL). This is also reflected in the relative magnitudes of the lateral and vertical Gaussian dispersion parameters for the two cases. However, their variation with distance from the source are similar and can approximately be described by power laws. Dispersion measurements over the step change in roughness show that the effects of the developing internal boundary layer (IBL) are only significant for low stack heights, with the maximum effect seen for the surface release. For the surface release, the concentration profiles initially follow those of the BBL but tend toward those of the fine-Sanspray boundary layer (FBL) within a short distance downwind. The same trend is present in the Gaussian dispersion parameters. However, the ground-level concentrations are apparently not affected because of the compensating effects of reduced mean velocity and increased turbulence within the IBL. The elevated releases show similar behavior but with a much shallower transition region. In the present case, the incident large-scale turbulence disperses the plume to the extent that the addition of smaller-scale turbulence by the second surface roughness is not noticable. Examination of surface lateral profiles and plume centerline profiles show little or no increased dispersion which could be attributable to a continuous fumigation episode.
Histochemical demonstration of disulfide groups in the neurohypophysis under normal and experimental conditions.

SPECIFIC histochemical methods for demonstrating protein-bound sulfhydryl (Barrnett and Seligman, 1952; Barrnett, 1953a) and disulfide groups (Barrnett and Seligman, 1954a) have been recently developed. The distribution of sulfhydryls (Barrnett, 1953a) and disulfldes (Barrnett and Seligman, 1954a) was described in the tissues of albino rats and other animals. In the latter paper the possibility was raised that the sites of localization of disulfide containing protein hormones might be demonstrated in tissue sections if four criteria were satisfied. These would be: (1) that the hormone or its precursor contained disulfides; (2) that disulfides could be demonstrated by a specific method in tissues known to contain the hormone; (3) that available extracts of the hormone could be shown to be rendered insoluble by the same fixation as was applied to tissues and to stain by the same method for disulfides in vitro; (4) that physiological experiments would reveal alteration in the staining reaction in a predictab...
Economics: A tale of cash and credit

Martin Shubik navigates a study of the complex web of relationships that gives money meaning.
Drug-behavior interaction history: modification of the effects of morphine on punished behavior.

Abstract Squirrel monkeys were trained to respond under a multiple fixed-interval, fixed-interval schedule in which the first response after 5 min terminated a visual stimulus in the presence of which electric shocks could occur. During one component of the schedule, correlated with one color of stimulus lights, every 30th response also produced electric shock; responding was suppressed during this component to approximately 10 to 12% of that occurring in the alternate component in which responding was not punished. In contrast to previous research, morphine (0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg) increased punished responding. Unpunished responding, however, was either not affected or decreased at doses of morphine that increased punished responding. Increases in rate of punished responding also occurred when the single-schedule punishment condition was studied alone in these animals. Subsequent experimentation, which systematically analyzed the development of the rate-enhancing effects of morphine on punished responding, involved the study of drug effects in additional monkeys trained initially under a single-schedule punishment condition. The effects of morphine on punished responding were studied before, after, and then during exposure to the multiple schedule that included a component in which responding was not punished. Increases in response rate with morphine did not occur until it was administered during exposure to the multiple schedule that included a component in which responding was not punished. As with the other monkeys, once the rate increases in punished responding occurred under the multiple schedule, these effects of morphine persisted, even when the multiple schedule was removed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creating an anticoagulant patient education class

A patient education workgroup was developed on a progressive care medical/vascular surgical unit. The workgroup identified patient education needs regarding discharge education for postsurgical patients and those discharging with oral anticoagulants (OAC). Staff surveys aided the workgroup in identifying a need for additional discharge education for patients and families. After various methods of patient education were explored, it was determined the workgroup could best meet the needs of the patient population through a class format providing group discussion and interaction. Logistical details and class formatting were configured to meet both the needs of the patients and the nursing staff. Current institutional patient education pamphlets were used to develop the content for the class. Physician review and input were obtained during the development of the content. A patient education specialist was also consulted to ensure proper literacy levels were used. To meet the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal regarding anticoagulant safety, the content focused on home management, which included the following: knowledge of INR goal range, dietary factors, when to call the provider and safety precautions. Other topics to promote self-efficacy in anticoagulation therapy were also included in the content. Postclass evaluations completed by patients and families provided useful feedback for continuous improvement and patient satisfaction. Preliminary survey results indicate high patient satisfaction with the class. Plans include a quality improvement project to evaluate the effectiveness of the patient education class on OAC.
Construction of a site-specific, deletion-frameshift mutation in an essential gene of bacteriophage ΦX174

By in vitro methods, we have deleted 80 nucleotides from a preselected site in the coding sequence of gene G of bacteriophage ΦX174. This mutant (G▿/FS ZH1) also carries a – 2 frameshift. The mutation is lethal, but mutant virus can be stably maintained on host strains bearing plasmids carrying ΦX gene G.
Time-dependent increases in cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking after sucrose self-administration in adolescence.

Previously we reported that time-dependent increases in cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking were attenuated in rats self-administering cocaine as adolescents, compared with adults (Li and Frantz (2009) [12]). Now using sucrose self-administration, we report time-dependent increases in cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking are similar across age groups, suggesting that age differences in reinstatement of cocaine seeking depend on specific effects of cocaine, not a compromised ability among younger rats to associate cues with rewards.
Model fluorous polyurethane surface modifiers having co-polyoxetane soft blocks with trifluoroethoxymethyl and bromomethyl side chains.

Polyurethanes containing poly(2-trifluoroethoxymethyl-2-methyl)-co-(2-bromomethyl-2-methyl)-1,3-propylene oxide (co-polyoxetane) soft blocks, P[3FOx:BrOx−m:n], were prepared and used (0.5−2 wt %) to modify the surface properties of a conventional polyurethane. The substrate polyurethane was composed of an isophorone diisocyanate/butanediol hard block and a polytetramethylene oxide soft block [IPDI/BD(50%)−PTMO(2000)]. A combination of tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic contact angle (DCA) studies showed that the fluorous polyurethane surface modifiers confer surface properties similar to those of the parent at 0.5−1.0 wt %. The retention of initial wetting behavior in water was enhanced with higher ratios of 3FOx:BrOx that corresponds to increasing fluorous character. A semifluorinated chaperone is necessary to surface concentrate −CH2Br groups. Negligible Br was detected by XPS when the P[BrOx]-soft block polyurethane was used as a surface m...
Thyroid suppression test as index of outcome of hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs

Abstract The thyroid suppression test at the end of treatment of hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs does not always differentiate sharply those patients who will remain well from those who will not. Nonetheless, it does have some value. The data show that patients having a 24-hour 131 I uptake of 80 per cent or more during suppression are both certain to relapse and unlikely to achieve prolonged remission from continuation of the same treatment. Relapse or recurrence is also very likely in patients whose uptakes range from 51–79 per cent. Treatment can be discontinued with continued observation when the uptake is 30–35 per cent or less since 79 per cent of patients will remain well. When the results are between 31–50 per cent decision regarding discontinuation of treatment or substitution of radioiodine therapy must be tempered by other factors, realizing that a third of these patients may achieve remission if nothing more is done.