cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of vitamin B12 correction of the abnormal erythropoiesis of pernicious anemia.

Nine comparable patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were studied during therapy by iron kinetic technic with special attention to the earliest phase of reticulocyte response, in order to define the fate of a megaloblast population and to explain the very high reticulocytosis typical of the pernicious anemia response. After B12 therapy, there is a 2-2.5 day lag before reticulocytosis, during which ineffective erythropoiesis of the megaloblasts continues and repopulation by an entirely new normoblast series from the stem cell level occurs. Once reticulocytosis begins, it is characterized by delivery of very young reticulocytes from the bone marrow. These cells demonstrate a prolonged maturation phase, resulting in cumulative counting over several days and an apparent greater than expected reticulocyte level. If the reticulocyte peak is corrected for this maturation delay, a reticulocyte production index is obtained which correlates well with the measured plasma iron turnover production indices.
Cooperative target defense differential game with a constrained-maneuverable Defender

This paper addresses the active target defense differential game where a Target aircraft is pursued by an Attacker missile, and a Defender missile is employed in order to intercept the Attacker and protect the evading Target. This paper extends the results concerning the active target defense differential game by allowing for the Defender's turning rate to be constrained. The restriction imposed on the Defender's turning rate is of great operational relevance since initially the Defender's heading might be different than the otherwise optimal heading when simple motion is assumed.
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses time series analysis of geophysical inverse scattering problems. It focuses on the lucid exposition that began in 1978 of the basic procedures of exploration geophysical time series analysis derived from first principles. It further discusses stacking and migration and the connections between all three procedures that lead to an approximate solution of the inverse scattering problem encountered in seismic exploration for oil and gas: how to infer the structure of the near-surface of the earth from the backscattered energy from an energy source at the surface. The problem of seismic exploration for oil and natural gas in the earth's sedimentary strata may be described as a geophysical inverse scattering problem. The nature of this problem can be imagined by conceiving the earth's sedimentary layers as a stack of approximately horizontal sheets, all opaque with different properties and thicknesses, each having irregular surfaces, some of the plates being tilted, bent, or deformed, and some containing pockets or traps of varying sizes and shapes.
Poison-enhanced neophobia: Effects of procedures and long-delay training ☆

Abstract Experiment 1 (n = 110 male rats) showed that pairing sucrose with toxicosis under forward or backward conditioning procedures yielded reliable poison-enhanced neophobia toward casein hydrolysate. Forward procedures produced reliably greater and more persistent enhancement of neophobia. Experiment 2 (n = 160 male rats) showed that interpolating 10 min, or 1, 4, 8, or 12 hr between sucrose and toxicosis yielded reliable aversion effects to sucrose and poison-enhanced neophobia to casein at each interval except 8 and 12 hr. Generally speaking, the effects of training interval were similar for conditioned aversion and enhanced neophobia but conditioned aversion effects were more enduring.
Questioning self-interest: Addressing the hidden moral impact of management theory and education

In the decade after Enron’s collapse, the convictions of a host of top managers in various high profile fraud cases made headlines. Although these scandals appear to present textbook examples of the moral hazard problem in principal-agent relationships, we suggest that an overemphasis on narrowly focused self-interest as a core underlying assumption of human behavior might in fact inadvertently lead to profit-maximizing greed. Thus, in this symposium we question self-interest as a key concept of capitalism. Building on two recent AMLE publications by presenters Wang and Moosmayer, we explore the tensions that exist between the hidden moral impact of economics education, namely an increase in self-interested, greedy behavior, and management academics’ intentions to shape socially responsible graduates. After establishing this contradiction, we next consider pedagogical, philosophical, and political approaches to overcoming these unintended negative impacts of economic theory: Huhn develops the idea that ec...
Codling Moth: Laboratory and Field Observations of a Golden Sport

A gold colored sport of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), colonized in the Yakima laboratory, was comparable in mating activity in laboratory tests to the gray phenotype. However, in release-recapture studies in the field, only 1.4% of the released gold males were recaptured; 10.8% of the released gray males were recaptured.
Qingyou Yangwei Decoction Treatment 48 Cases of Peptic Ulcer

[ Objective] To observe Qingyou Yangwei decoction of conventional western medicine with the clinical efficacy of treatment of peptic ulcer. [ Methods ] 80 cases patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Control group,32 patients with rabeprazole and metronidazole,amoxicillin treatment;treatment group,48 cases in the control group was added on the basis of Qingyou Yangwei decoction treatment. [ Results ] The total effective rate,cure rate, negative rate of pylori treated group were 95. 8% ,85. 4% ,91. 7% in the control group were 81.2% ,62.5% ,65.6% ,compared the two groups was significant difference in(P0.05). [Conclusion] Qingyou Yangwei decoction combined treatment of peptic ulcer medicine effect is significant.
Relation of lipid abnormalities to progression of renal damage in essential hypertension, insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Lipid abnormalities are common in diabetes mellitus and in essential hypertension, but their contributions to diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy are unclear. Relevant data from several clinical trials are summarized here, as is a longitudinal study of diabetes mellitus showing that cholesterol correlates with both angiotensin II and blood pressure. The significant association of blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system with declining renal function provides a mechanism whereby cholesterol may possibly impact adversely upon kidney function in diabetes.
The Experience, Contributions, and Resilience of Grandparents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

ABSTRACTAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 68 children in the United States and has been associated with significant stress on nuclear families. Little is known about the grandparents of these children, however, including their first-person, intergenerational experience and potential family contributions. A national, online survey of 1,870 grandparents of grandchildren with ASD revealed that they make significant monetary contributions toward therapeutic needs and frequently play an essential caregiving role. Forty-three percent of the grandparents reported making personal sacrifices such as drawing upon their retirement funds or putting off retirement, and 25% of the grandparents moved or combined households to support a grandchild on the autism spectrum. Consistent with resilience theory, the majority of grandparents reported that they were coping fairly or very well in relation to their grandchild’s ASD, although they did express significant worry for their adult son’s or daughter’s well-being...
Medical educational culture: introducing patients to applicants as part of the medical school interview: feasibility and initial impact show and tell.

Introduction : The College of Medicine at our institution underwent a major curricular revision in order to develop a patient-centered context for learning. The admission process was revised to reflect this change, adopting a holistic review process, with the hope of attracting students who were particularly well suited to a patient-centered curriculum and learning culture. Methods : Patients from a single practitioner, who were accustomed to working with medical students, were asked if they would like to select the next generation of physicians. The patient's experience included a brief didactic presentation related to the patient's diagnosis and treatment. This was followed by an informal session with the applicants and the physician, where they shared their story in a small group setting. They were encouraged to share their experiences with the healthcare system, both positive and negative. The goal was to allow applicants to glean the importance of the human aspects of disease in our institutional culture of learning. Results : The response and experience were overwhelmingly positive for the patients who donated their time to participate and for our applicants. Follow-up surveys indicated that our applicants found the experience to be unique and positive. Many of the students who chose to attend our university cited the interview experience and learning culture as factors that influenced their choice of medical schools. In addition, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education cited the favorability of the admission process in their recent site visit. Discussion : Now in its fifth year, we can say that the inclusion of patients as part of the interview day is feasible as part of our admission process. We continue to make changes and monitor our progress, and we have added several other faculty members and specialties in order to ensure the program is sustainable. Keywords: patient-centered care; holistic review; medical admissions (Published: 11 August 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21 : 31760 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.31760
Open Computational Tools for Freely Diffusing Single-Molecule Fluorescence Analysis

Computation has become a major component of modern science and, as a result, computational reproducibility has become as fundamental as reproducibility in the lab. In this talk, we present a set of open source tools for freely-diffusing single-molecule fluorescence analysis, which were designed with the goal of reproducibility. The common foundation is represented by Photon-HDF5 (www.photon-hdf5.org), a general-purpose file format for timestamp-based fluorescence data, which simplifies data archival and sharing between different analysis software.Using Photon-HDF5 as its primary input format, FRETBursts (http://tritemio.github.io/FRETBursts) is an open source burst analysis software for smFRET data, supporting continuous wave or pulsed excitation in one or two colors. FRETBursts includes time-dependent background estimation, burst search algorithms, burst filtering, population fitting and extensive plotting capabilities. Since a growing number of custom formats can be converted to Photon-HDF5 (through the phconvert utility), FRETBursts can be used to analyze and compare data acquired with a variety of systems.As a second example, PyBroMo (http://tritemio.github.io/FRETBursts), is a 3D Brownian motion simulator for fluorescent particles under confocal excitation. PyBroMo produces smFRET data files in Photon-HDF5 format containing one or multiple FRET populations, uses numerically-computed point spread function and can simulated effects such as out-of-focus particle contribution to background and burst data. PyBroMo data files can be seamlessly analyzed with FRETBursts and or with any other smFRET analysis program supporting Photon-HDF5.Both FRETBursts and PyBroMo, are written in Python, an increasingly popular open language for scientific computing, and use the interactive Jupyter Notebook environment for user-friendly interfacing.Leveraging the strengths on Photon-HDF5, the presented tools form a solid foundation for developing novel analysis methods and for reproducing third-party results. We aim to collaboratively expand this set of tools for single-molecule fluorescence while pursuing the same principles of openness and reproducibility.
The Effect of RFID On Inventory Management and Control

Our thesis is that the evolution of information technology (IT) facilitates the flow of information, which in turn may reduce the variance of an inventory system, and hence its cost. We use radio-frequency identification (RFID) as a paradigm. RFID is the latest application of IT to tracking goods and services or anything for that matter, including human beings. It is an evolution from bar code and palette technology, and, in this chapter, we present the argument that RFID is superior in reducing the mean and variance of inventory cycle times. As inventory cost is a function of these (among other variables, such as unit holding and shortage costs), we show that RFID reduces this cost. Also, because RFID leads to rapid transmission of data, it would help avoid excessive inventories and shortages, further reducing total inventory cost. We argue that RFID is superior to existing identification technologies according to mean-variance stochastic dominance. We discuss the ethical implications and the societal trade-offs inherent in RFID, as society must decide how much of its privacy it is willing to curtail in the pursuit of lower prices versus physical security.
Localization tools for benchmarking ADAS control systems

We consider the challenge of testing lane centering ADAS control systems using a differential global positioning system localization strategy. Rather than constructing test scenarios using lane line markers or driving test vehicles on public roads, we develop a testing framework that can be used in both simulation and on open test surfaces with no lane demarcation. The primary sensor we leverage is a differential global positioning system (DGPS), which is used to create a localized lane-offset state relative to a map generated offline. The map is generated either via clothoid path primitives, or from known trajectories. We provide simulation results using the vehicle dynamics simulator CarSim, and provide experimental results taken from a test track.
Diet composition, quality and overlap of sympatric American pronghorn and gemsbok

Species with a long evolutionary history of sympatry often have mechanisms for resource partitioning that reduce competition. However, introduced non-native ungulates often compete with native ungulates and competitive effects can be exacerbated in arid regions due to low primary productivity. Our objectives were to characterize diet composition, quality, and overlap between American pronghorn Antilocapra americana and introduced non-native gemsbok Oryx gazella in southcentral New Mexico, USA. Severe drought occurred between 2010 and 2011, which allowed us to evaluate drought impacts on diet composition, quality, and overlap. Using feces collected from each species, we assessed diet composition and overlap with microhistological analysis and diet quality using fecal nitrogen (FN) and fecal 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (FDAPA). Pronghorn diet was primarily composed of shrubs in the cool—dry season (64.5%) then shifted to forbs in the warm—dry (64.7%) and warm—wet (54.1%) seasons. Pronghorn diet also shifted to ...
High resolution computational on-chip imaging of biological samples using sparsity constraint (Conference Presentation)

Microscopic imaging of biological samples such as pathology slides is one of the standard diagnostic methods for screening various diseases, including cancer. These biological samples are usually imaged using traditional optical microscopy tools; however, the high cost, bulkiness and limited imaging throughput of traditional microscopes partially restrict their deployment in resource-limited settings. In order to mitigate this, we previously demonstrated a cost-effective and compact lens-less on-chip microscopy platform with a wide field-of-view of >20-30 mm^2. The lens-less microscopy platform has shown its effectiveness for imaging of highly connected biological samples, such as pathology slides of various tissue samples and smears, among others. This computational holographic microscope requires a set of super-resolved holograms acquired at multiple sample-to-sensor distances, which are used as input to an iterative phase recovery algorithm and holographic reconstruction process, yielding high-resolution images of the samples in phase and amplitude channels. Here we demonstrate that in order to reconstruct clinically relevant images with high resolution and image contrast, we require less than 50% of the previously reported nominal number of holograms acquired at different sample-to-sensor distances. This is achieved by incorporating a loose sparsity constraint as part of the iterative holographic object reconstruction. We demonstrate the success of this sparsity-based computational lens-less microscopy platform by imaging pathology slides of breast cancer tissue and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears.
Oral Surgery on the Patient with Cirrhosis

The patient with cirrhosis should undergo a comprehensive dental evaluation and treatment of all active disease to reduce the risk for dental infection. This is based on the compromised immune status of these patients secondary to end-stage liver disease and when liver transplantation is being considered. As of 2012, 61% of the adults on the liver transplant wait list had primary liver diseases attributable to hepatitis C, alcoholic cirrhosis, or subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma. It is, therefore, likely that many of these patients’ lifestyles were not conducive to having had regular dental care or maintaining good oral health. Additionally, socioeconomic limitations, older age, further deterioration of dental health during the progression of their liver disease, and time constraints may indicate a need for dental extractions. Treatment concerns associated with dental surgery for patients with cirrhosis include risk of infection, coagulopathies, and appropriate use of analgesics and anesthetics, all of which will be addressed in this chapter.
The God Relationship: The Ethics for Inquiry about the Divine

In this book, Paul K. Moser proposes a new approach to inquiry about God, including a new discipline of the ethics for inquiry about God. It is an ethics for human attitudes and relationships as well as actions in inquiry, and it includes human responsibility for seeking evidence that involves a moral priority for humans. Such ethics includes an ongoing test, a trial, for human receptivity to goodness, including morally good relationships, as a priority in human inquiry and life. Moser also defends an approach to the evidence for God that makes sense of the elusiveness and occasional absence of God in human experience. His book will be of interest to those interested in inquiry about God, with special relevance to scholars and advanced students in religious studies, philosophy, theology, and biblical studies.
Remembering Paco Ibáñez at the Olympia: A political communitas in exile:

In December 1969 the Spanish singer-songwriter Paco Ibanez gave a concert at the Olympia in Paris to an audience composed of Spanish exiles and French students. Ibanez’s selection, interpretation, musicalization and performance of a wide range of mainly Spanish poems for the occasion created a text that denounced the policies of Franco and, at the same time, allowed the French part of the audience to express their solidarity in a political cry for freedom. This article begins by situating Ibanez in exile in France where, avoiding Francoist censorship, he thrived as an anti-Francoist musician. Focusing on the emblematic Olympia concert that epitomizes Ibanez’s artistic output, the second part of the article analyses the performative text created by the poems chosen and interpreted by Ibanez together with the audience’s reaction to them. This text, the article argues, encouraged collective struggle in the face of oppression, and the communitas generated that night exemplified it.
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors (AT/RT) and ETMR

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) and embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) are embryonal tumors of the CNS that occur most commonly in infants and young children. AT/RT occurs sporadically or in a familial pattern due to mutation of SMARCB1 and is diagnosed by the loss of INI1 nuclear staining. ETMR includes embryonal tumors with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), ependymoblastomas, and medulloepitheliomas and is characterized by LIN28A positivity and amplification of the C19MC miRNA cluster. Staging for both AT/RT and ETMR includes MRI of brain and spine with CSF analysis, and initial therapy is typically maximal safe resection. Postoperative therapy may include chemotherapy and radiation, depending on the age of the patient and spread of the tumor. Detailed roles for surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation will be reviewed in this chapter, with an emphasis on the use of radiation to treat AT/RT and ETMR of the CNS.
Clubs and Allied Activities

(1953). Clubs and Allied Activities. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 347-351.
High-Resolution Multiple-Input Multiple-Ouput FLGPR Imaging

Multiple-input multiple-output forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems can be used to detect landmines. To enhance its performance, two data-dependent imaging algorithms, based on the sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) and sparse covariance-based estimation (SPICE) techniques for high-resolution imaging, applied to the time-domain GPR data, were previously developed. Time-domain SLIM (TD-SLIM) and time-domain SPICE (TD-SPICE) yield higher resolution and lower sidelobe compared with data-independent approaches such as delay-and-sum and recursive sidelobe minimization. However, the two data-dependent imaging algorithms are computationally expensive. To provide both improved landmine detection performance and significantly reduced computational time compared with the TD-SLIM and TD-SPICE algorithms, we propose herein the frequency-domain SLIM algorithm.
Why Is the Sum of Independent Normal Random Variables Normal

(2008). Why Is the Sum of Independent Normal Random Variables Normal? Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 362-366.
Histological approach to neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors of the central nervous system

The 2016 updated World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System shows an increasing number of entities under the classification of neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors. Despite being a biogenetically heterogeneous group of tumors, the members frequently display some overlapping histological and clinical features, leading to diagnostic dilemmas among neuropathologists, especially when the aid of advanced molecular and immunohistochemical tools is not available. Nonetheless, meticulous assessment of the morphological features with careful interpretation of the immunophenotypes can be rewarding often without the investment of an expensive molecular investigation. We propose a method of approaching the neuronal-glial tumors based on pattern recognition. We briefly discuss the key histological features that are helpful in narrowing down the differentials, with the aid of immunohistochemistry or available molecular information, directing the pathologist toward the correct diagnosis.
Oral Therapy for Bladder Pain Syndrome Directed at the Bladder

Initial oral therapy for BPS can include amitriptyline, cimetidine, hydroxyzine, and/or pentosan polysulfate sodium. Cyclosporine should be reserved for use by experienced clinicians after less potentially morbid alternatives have been exhausted. Few of the oral therapies commonly used for the treatment of BPS have unequivocal evidence of efficacy in large, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trials. There is little evidence that any change the natural history of the disease, though many seem to be effective in relieving symptoms in individual patients. Tachyphylaxis may be a problem.
Introduction to Surface and Thin Film Processes: Surface processes in thin film devices

This chapter discusses surface and near-surface processes that are important in the context of the production and use of various types of thin film device. In section 8.1 the role of band bending at semiconductor surfaces is considered along with the importance, and the perfection, of oxide layers and metal contacts on silicon surfaces. Section 8.2 describes models which have been developed to understand electronic and optical devices based on metal–semiconductor and semiconductor–semiconductor interfaces. Then section 8.3 describes conduction processes in both non-magnetic and magnetic materials, and discusses some of the trends which are emerging in new technologies based on thin films with nanometer length scales. The final section 8.4 discusses chemical routes to manufacturing, including novel forms of synthesis and materials development. The treatment in this chapter is rather broad; my aim is to relate the material back to topics discussed in previous chapters, so that, in conjunction with the further reading and references given, emerging technologies may be better understood as they appear. Metals and oxides in contact with semiconductors This section covers various models of metals in contact with semiconductors, and the oxide layers on semiconductors. Such topics are important for MOS (metal–oxide–semiconductor) and the widely used CMOS (complementary-MOS) devices. Models in this field have been extremely contentious, so sometimes one has felt that little progress has been made. However, recent developments and some new experimental techniques have shed light on what is happening. Band bending and rectifying contacts at semiconductor surfaces Band bending can occur just below free semiconductor surfaces, and when metals or oxides come into contact with semiconductors.
Parallel-Vector Variable Bandwidth Out-of-Core Equation Solver

For large-scale finite element based structural analysis, an out-of-core equation solver is often required since the in-core memory of a computer is very limited. For example, the Cray Y-MP has only 256 mega words incore memory compared to its 90 gigabytes of disk storage. Furthermore, in a multi-user environment, each user can only have 10 mega words of main memory, while 200 mega words of disk storage is available. A typical aircraft structure (High Speed Civil Transport Aircraft) needs 90 million (or mega) words of incore memory to store the stiffness matrix, which is not usually available in a multi-user environment.
Shock-Wave Induced Ignition of Normal Undecane (n-C11H24) and Comparison to Other High-Molecular-Weight n-Alkanes

Modeling of chemical kinetics during the ignition of normal alkanes is of importance in the detailing of combustion behavior of transportation fuels used in automotive and propulsion engines due to the large volumetric proportion of these species as constituents in the fuels which drive such devices. Further, owing to the presence of n-alkanes in practical fuels, proper formulation of a multi-component fuel surrogate must make use of and account for this hydrocarbon class to adequately describe relevant combustion phenomena including, among others, engine knock, ignition delay times, and product species. Shock-tube oxidation and ignition measurements involving higher-order alkanes have more recently become available which has, as a result, led to the improvement and development of chemical kinetics mechanisms toward describing associated processes which affect oxidation chemistry: reaction pathways, intermediate species production, and rates of reaction.
Agribiotech Patents in the Food Supply Chain: A U.S. Perspective

This chapter highlights U.S. agribiotech patent issues as they relate to the food supply chain. Agribiotech patents challenge how we think about fundamental issues of seed ownership, innovation, and when downstream uses are or should be permissible. Part II of this chapter sketches the arc of agribiotech developments in the U.S. from its colonial past to the current day and observes the evolution of protection over seed traits transition from an open socialist-style franchise to a tightly controlled oligarchy subsisting on patent rights. Part III assesses patent exhaustion through the lens of Bowman and the Court’s more recent decision in Impression Prod., Inc. v. Lexmark Int'l, Inc. Part IV offers observations on three issues: (1) patentees and generic seed companies will remain invested in maintaining compliance for transgenic seed exports; (2) the recent spate of mega-mergers continue the transformation set in motion by the privatization of agriculture more than a century ago, with these mergers benefiting agribiotech companies and farmers abroad, unfortunately, at the expense of U.S. farmers at home; and (3) developments such as retaliatory tariffs on transgenic seed exports will affect agribiotech innovation as surely as developments in patent law, and should be part of any comprehensive analysis of dynamic trends in the food value chain. Part V highlights key areas for future study and concludes.
Management of Ileal Pouch Strictures and Anal Stricturing Disease: A Clinical Challenge

Restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been an ideal surgical option for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC), familial adenomatous polyposis, and selected patients with colorectal cancer and Crohn’s disease for nearly four decades. In most cases, patients enjoy excellent quality of life with a durable surgical and functional result, avoiding the need for a permanent conventional ileostomy.
The Impact of Countdown Clocks on Subway Ridership in New York City.

Protecting the passengers' safety and increasing ridership are two never ending pursuits of public transit agencies. One of the proposed methods to achieve both goals for subway service is to implement real time train arriving countdown clocks in subway stations. Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York City (NYC) chose to install such countdown clocks in their stations starting from 2007 on a selection of subway lines. Due to the recent development of Bluetooth Beacon technology, the MTA could now install countdown clocks and train trackers in a non intrusive manner with much faster speed. As a result, the MTA is aiming to install countdown clocks in every subway station on every line. However, with such an aggressive plan, the impact of countdown clocks on subway ridership has not been fully studied. This paper proposes using Panel Regression methods, specifically, Random Effect (RE) model and Fixed Effect (FE) model to quantify the impact of countdown clocks on subway ridership. Machine Learning methods, namely Random Forest (RF) with AdaBoost and Decision Tree (DT) Regression, are also used as alternative data driven approaches for the FE and RE model. The results show that for the G line service, which runs between Brooklyn and Queens, the introduction of countdown clocks could increase weekly ridership by about 1783 per station. The study also found that the machine learning methods provide better accuracy in predicting the ridership than RE and FE models.
“Not a death of that hospital”: the social production of maternity statistics in Freetown

This paper explores the social practices underlying the production of clinical statistics at Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Combining ethnographic and historical m...
How are clinician-educators evaluated for educational excellence? A survey of promotion and tenure committee members in the United States

Background: In recent years, educational leaders have proposed domains of educational excellence and corresponding metrics to objectively measure contributions of clinician-educators for promotion and tenure (P&T). The purpose of this study was to explore whether P&T committees in United States (US) have incorporated these recommendations into practice. Method: The authors conducted a survey of P&T leaders across institutions in US. Items included questions related to institutional tracks for P&T, domains included in promotional packets, metrics for their measurement, and use of an Educator's Portfolio (EP). Results: Respondents from 55 institutions completed the survey. The presence of a teaching academy/society was associated with the presence of a promotion track for clinician-educators (p = 0.04). Only teaching activities (91%), assessment of learners (55%), and educational scholarship (51%) were required by a majority of institutions. Few institutions used objective methods for measuring impact and less than half (47%) required an EP. Discussion: These results highlight both progress in the recognition of clinician-educators while also suggesting discordance in the perspective of educational leaders and the practice of P&T committees. The authors advocate for establishing a national community of expert medical educators who may assist P&T committees in adopting consensus-based criteria and metrics to evaluate clinician-educators' contributions.
Blood–Brain Barrier: Effects of Inflammatory Stress

Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) requires precise maintenance of its ionic environment for appropriate neuronal synaptic activity. The regulatory elements comprising the blood–brain barrier (BBB) protect the stability of the CNS and ensure an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to neurons and glial cells. BBB permeability, transport function, and metabolism are influenced by inflammatory mediators that play important roles in the inflammatory transduction signals to the brain parenchyma. BBB dysfunction and inflammatory stress represent underlying mechanisms for the manifestation of many neurological diseases. Both mechanisms closely interact to further exacerbate pathological brain lesions. As such, both BBB dysfunction and inflammatory stressors can be targeted for the development of therapeutic strategies for many neurological disorders.
Notes on the ant genus Holcoponera Mayr, with descriptions of two new species

InHolcoponera, thorough revisionary work is rendered difficult by the poor quality of previous descriptions, by the excessive splitting ofSantschi in his revision of 1929, and by the difficulty of seeing all of the types involved. New synonymy is offered where the need is obvious in a few cases.H. striatula var.antillana Santschi proves to be an individual variant ofstriatula and is unworthy of nomenclatorial distinction.H. simplex Emery includes, as individual variants without claim to formal names, the three nominal species or subspecies from Costa Rica (simplex s. str., satzgeri Forel andForeli Santschi). Another synonym,H. spurium Forel, occurs doubtfully in Guatemala. The speciesrelicta Mann is transferred fromRhopalopone to the genusHolcoponera because the new speciesH. mina is intergradient between it and the otherHolcoponera species. Two new species are described:H. mina, from Bolivia and Peru, andH. acuta, from Bolivia.
The Impact of Increasing Autonomy on Training Requirements in a UAV Supervisory Control Task

A common assumption across many industries is that inserting advanced autonomy can often replace humans for low-level tasks, with cost reduction benefits. However, humans are often only partially r...
Innate immune responses to paraquat exposure in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Limited understanding of the early molecular pathways associated with the demise of DA neurons, including those of inflammatory exacerbation of neurodegeneration, is a major impediment to therapeutic development. Recent studies have implicated gene-environment interactions in PD susceptibility. We used transcriptomic profiling in a Drosophila PD model in response to paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress to identify pre-symptomatic signatures of impending neuron dysfunction. Our RNAseq data analysis revealed extensive regulation of innate immune response genes following PQ ingestion. We found that PQ exposure leads to the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, Relish, and the stress signaling factor JNK, encoded by the gene basket in Drosophila. Relish knockdown in the dopaminergic neurons confers PQ resistance and rescues mobility defects and DA neuron loss. Furthermore, PQ-induced toxicity is mediated through the immune deficiency signaling pathway. Surprisingly, the expression of Relish-dependent anti-microbial peptide (AMPs) genes is suppressed upon PQ exposure causing increased sensitivity to Gram-negative bacterial infection. This work provides a novel link between PQ exposure and innate immune system modulation underlying environmental toxin-induced neurodegeneration, thereby underscoring the role of the innate immune system in PD pathogenesis.
Understanding students’ conceptions of task assignments

Abstract Building on research emphasizing the importance of task in reading performance, the present study examines students’ conceptions or definitions of five common academic task assignments (i.e., argument, essay, opinion, summary and research tasks). Results showed that while students have robust schema for some task assignments (e.g., argument, research report), citing a large variety of task elements in defining each of these assignment, other task assignments are only superficially conceptualized by learners (e.g., opinion, essay). While prior work has demonstrated the important role of task assignment in students’ text processing and performance, this is among the first studies to associate emergent differences not only with the tasks assigned but also with students’ task conceptions. Given the emphasis placed on argument tasks in supporting deeper level processing, we were especially interested in students’ conceptions of argument tasks vis-a-vis summary tasks. Students’ conceptions of these and other task assignments were compared using Cochran’s Q, a non-parametric alternative to the repeated measures ANOVA. Finally, linear regression found students’ conceptions of an argument task to be associated with performance on an argument writing task assignment. For instance, students considering argument construction to require citation use was associated with their inclusion of citations in their written responses. This study is among the first to examine students’ own conceptions of common task assignments and to link task conceptions with performance. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Changes in Macrophage Metabolism in Response to Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Stimuli

Changes in macrophage metabolism linked to inflammation may be detected using label-free two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) measurements, which suggest that distinct redox ratio changes occur in response to pro-and anti-inflammatory stimuli.
Calabi–Yau Manifolds with Torsion and Geometric Flows

The main theme of these lectures is the study of Hermitian metrics in non-Kahler complex geometry. We will specialize to a certain class of Hermitian metrics which generalize Kahler Ricci-flat metrics to the non-Kahler setting. These non-Kahler Calabi–Yau manifolds have their origins in theoretical physics, where they were introduced in the works of C. Hull and A. Strominger. We will introduce tools from geometric analysis, namely geometric flows, to study this non-Kahler Calabi–Yau geometry. More specifically, we will discuss the Anomaly flow, which is a version of the Ricci flow customized to this particular geometric setting. This flow was introduced in joint works with Duong Phong and Xiangwen Zhang. Section 2.1 contains a review of Hermitian metrics, connections, and curvature. Section 2.2 is dedicated to the geometry of Calabi–Yau manifolds equipped with a conformally balanced metric. Section 2.3 introduces the Anomaly flow in the simplest case of zero slope, where the flow can be understood as a deformation path connecting non-Kahler to Kahler geometry. Section 2.4 concerns the Anomaly flow with α′ corrections, which is motivated from theoretical physics and canonical metrics in non-Kahler geometry.
Safety of Endoscopy for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A National Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction (MI) are at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding because of the need for antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulation. The data regarding the safety of endoscopy after MI are limited. This study sought to assess mortality rates of patients hospitalized with acute MI who require esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of all adult inpatients in the NIS from 2016 admitted for ST-elevation infarction myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI, or type II non-STEMI was conducted. Data were collected including patient demographics and indication for endoscopy per ICD-10 coding. HCUPnet was used to query NIS to obtain all inpatient mortality. The primary methods included adjusted χ for categorical outcomes, adjusted linear regression for continuous outcomes, and adjusted logistic regression for multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,281,749 patients were admitted for acute coronary syndrome in 2016, and 55,035 of these patients underwent endoscopy In the multivariable regression analysis, those who underwent a GI procedure (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, P value < 0.002) and angiogram (OR 0.48, P value < 0.001) had lower in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for age, Elixhauser index, need for angiogram, sex, race, and hospital type. Endoscopy postcatheterization was not associated with a difference in mortality compared with preangiogram (OR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.60-1.19). DISCUSSION Patients who underwent endoscopy are sicker and have higher mortality rates than those who do not undergo endoscopy, but after adjusting for comorbidities, mortality is actually lower. This suggests that endoscopy is safe and should be performed when clinically indicated despite recent cardiac ischemia.
Robust Nonlinear Control Design and Disturbance Estimation for Ball and beam System

Robust output tracking of uncertain systems requires nonlinear controllers due to approximate parameters and exogenous disturbances. However, the design of nonlinear control is often more complex for practical implementation. This article presents a simple nonlinear robust control for the ball and beam system based on integral sliding mode control. In addition to this a low pass filter is designed to estimate the disturbance and alleviate the chattering effect. A comparison of the proposed technique with the conventional sliding mode control is carried out using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The simulation results validate the efficacy and improved performance of the proposed technique in the presence of exogenous disturbances and parametric uncertainties.
Collision Imminent Steering at High Speed Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Collision imminent steering is an automotive active safety feature designed to perform an aggressive lane change to avoid a forward collision in the event that the system determines there is insufficient distance to avoid a collision by braking alone.In this paper, a collision imminent steering system is developed using nonlinear model predictive control to perform a lane change at high speed in a highway environment. Two formulations are presented: one formulation to show the theoretical minimum lane change distance within which a safe lane change can be performed, and a second formulation to find the minimum aggressive maneuver for a given lane change distance. The nonlinear model predictive control formulation is posed as a constrained optimization problem, where solutions obey hard safety constraints of the highway environment. Constraint aggregation techniques are analyzed and introduced to monitor the peak tire slip throughout the maneuver. Numerical simulations of a typical luxury sedan in a highway setting show that minimum distance required to change lanes is about half the limit braking distance. Hence, there is a window of feasibility where the vehicle cannot avoid collision by braking alone, but can change lanes safely and maintain a safe trajectory throughout the maneuver. Additional simulations show that an active four wheel steering architecture improves performance over front only steering.
Deep learning prediction of BRAF-RAS gene expression signature identifies noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features.

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) are follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms defined by nuclear atypia and indolent behavior. They harbor RAS mutations, rather than BRAFV600E mutations as is observed in papillary thyroid carcinomas with extensive follicular growth. Reliably identifying NIFTPs aids in safe therapy de-escalation, but has proven to be challenging due to interobserver variability and morphologic heterogeneity. The genomic scoring system BRS (BRAF-RAS score) was developed to quantify the extent to which a tumor’s expression profile resembles a BRAFV600E or RAS-mutant neoplasm. We proposed that deep learning prediction of BRS could differentiate NIFTP from other follicular-patterned neoplasms. A deep learning model was trained on slides from a dataset of 115 thyroid neoplasms to predict tumor subtype (NIFTP, PTC-EFG, or classic PTC), and was used to generate predictions for 497 thyroid neoplasms within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Within follicular-patterned neoplasms, tumors with positive BRS (RAS-like) were 8.5 times as likely to carry an NIFTP prediction than tumors with negative BRS (89.7% vs 10.5%, P < 0.0001). To test the hypothesis that BRS may serve as a surrogate for biological processes that determine tumor subtype, a separate model was trained on TCGA slides to predict BRS as a linear outcome. This model performed well in cross-validation on the training set (R2 = 0.67, dichotomized AUC = 0.94). In our internal cohort, NIFTPs were near universally predicted to have RAS-like BRS; as a sole discriminator of NIFTP status, predicted BRS performed with an AUC of 0.99 globally and 0.97 when restricted to follicular-patterned neoplasms. BRAFV600E-mutant PTC-EFG had BRAFV600E-like predicted BRS (mean −0.49), nonmutant PTC-EFG had more intermediate predicted BRS (mean −0.17), and NIFTP had RAS-like BRS (mean 0.35; P < 0.0001). In summary, histologic features associated with the BRAF-RAS gene expression spectrum are detectable by deep learning and can aid in distinguishing indolent NIFTP from PTCs.
Colloidal metal transport in soils developing on historic coal mine spoil

Abstract Chemical weathering of pyrite via oxidative dissolution is well-known for generating Fe(III)-bearing colloids at acid mine drainage (AMD) sites; however, the potential for physical weathering of pyrite-bearing materials and subsequent release and transport of colloidal pyrite and associated trace metals has not been studied. Here, we monitored the colloidal metal transport in soil developing on abandoned coal mine spoil with a history of AMD generation to systematically study the contribution of colloids to base and trace metal transport and determine the elemental and mineralogical composition of colloids. We collected soil pore water using lysimeters with a pore size of approximately 1.3 μm and centrifugation was used to separate the colloids from aqueous fractions. Metal concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Si, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were analyzed. Our results show only 14% of the total Al and Cu were present in colloidal fractions whereas 23%, 43%, and 54% of Fe, Mn, and Zn were transported in the colloidal phase, respectively. In contrast, all base metals were primarily present in the aqueous concentration with a small fraction (