cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrospheric and magnetospheric phenomena

A LARGE BODY of literature deals with charged particles and the influence of electric fields on such particles. This paper presents new observations in which conducting spherical bodies themselves cause electrification by moving over the surface of a dielectric; and which, if of proper size range, display interesting static and dynamic effects. Also described are a number of new phenomena in which spheres of magnetic material of appropriate size range, when influenced by an alternating magnetic field, do strange, unexpected, and often very fascinating things, depending on whether or not they are magnetized; and sometimes depending on the presence of electrification.
Abstract B3: A novel participatory approach to increasing colon cancer screening in community health centers

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have been increasing, they are rising at a far slower pace in underserved populations such as the under- and un-insured. CRC remains the second leading cause of cancer death among US men and women. Under- and un-insured adults are the least likely to get screened, more likely to be diagnosed at later stages, and have poorer survival rates. While several evidence-based strategies for increasing screening exit, most interventions have moderate, if any, success and there is not strong evidence that these strategies can effectively translate to underserved settings. Our study uses community-based participatory approaches and draws from the dissemination and implementation literature to implement and evaluate system-level evidence-based strategies for increasing CRC screening in “safety-net” health centers. We present this cluster -randomized delayed-start trial as a novel design for cancer disparity research. We are working with health centers to track uptake into the study (response rates) and including conducting assessments to evaluate organizational characteristics. In September 2011, we will hold workshops with intervention and control health centers to conduct participatory exercises in order to have health center representatives play an active role in selecting – and defining – the intervention strategies. These workshops will create the “Menu” of intervention strategies that will be tested in the trial. In the cluster randomized trial, set to begin in Winter 2012, intervention health centers will have access to the “Menu” and we will track not only effectiveness of change, but also which strategies were implemented and which will be sustained after the end of the trial. We will present strategies for engaging health centers at multiple levels, strategies for working with communities and providers for developing interventions, and lessons learned during recruitment efforts. This study balances the need to engage communities and stakeholders in the development and implementation of disparity-reducing interventions and the need to conduct rigorous randomized research to obtain strong evidence. The measures in place to engage health centers at the start of the trial takes more time but helps us gauge the representativeness of the health center population and, we hope, increases external generalizability and potential for dissemination to other settings. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B3.
Surface-Illuminant Ambiguity and Color Constancy: Effects of Scene Complexity and Depth Cues:

Two experiments were conducted to study how scene complexity and cues to depth affect human color constancy. Specifically, two levels of scene complexity were compared. The low-complexity scene contained two walls with the same surface reflectance and a test patch which provided no information about the illuminant. In addition to the surfaces visible in the low-complexity scene, the high-complexity scene contained two rectangular solid objects and 24 paper samples with diverse surface reflectances. Observers viewed illuminated objects in an experimental chamber and adjusted the test patch until it appeared achromatic. Achromatic settings made tinder two different illuminants were used to compute an index that quantified the degree of constancy. Two experiments were conducted: one in which observers viewed the stimuli directly, and one in which they viewed the scenes through an optical system that reduced cues to depth. In each experiment, constancy was assessed for two conditions. In the valid-cue condition, many cues provided valid information about the illuminant change. In the invalid-cue condition, some image cues provided invalid information. Four broad conclusions are drawn from the data: (a) constancy is generally better in the valid-cue condition than in the invalid-cue condition: (b) for the stimulus configuration used, increasing image complexity has little effect in the valid-cue condition but leads to increased constancy in the invalid-cue condition; (c) for the stimulus configuration used, reducing cues to depth has little effect for either constancy condition: and (d) there is moderate individual variation in the degree of constancy exhibited, particularly in the degree to which the complexity manipulation affects performance.
Decentralized Estimation Over Noisy Channels for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Networks

Recently proposed decentralized estimation methods do no consider errors occurring during the transmission of binary observations from the sensors to fusion center. In this paper, we extend the decentralized estimation model to the case where imperfect transmission channels are considered. The proposed estimator, which operates on additive channel noise corrupted versions of quantized noisy sensor observations, is approached from maximum likelihood (ML) perspective. The ML estimate unfortunately has no closed-form solution. We analyze the log-likelihood function showing that it is log-concave, thereby indicating that numerical methods, such as Newtons algorithm, can be utilized to obtain the optimal solution. A suboptimal mean estimator that requires minimal information about the channel and sensing environment is also proposed. Simulation results evaluating the variances of the proposed optimal and suboptimal solutions are provided.
Radon emanation over an ore body: Search for long-distance transport of radon

Abstract A major hope for discovering subsurface uranium ore is that measurable concentrations of the radioactive gas 222Rn can be recognized near the surface of the earth. Integrated measurements, made over several weeks time, show promise of giving greater reproducibility than short-term measurements, which are more subject to meteorological variability. The use of improved methods of integrated radon measurements — free of 220Rn, of thermal track fading, and of moisture-condensation effects — allow readings to be made that generally are highly stable over time. At a site 16 km north of Thoreau, NM, readings at 60 cm depth taken over a 13-month interval for a set of 55 positions give different, but nearly constant monthly readings at each position, the typical standard deviation being 22%. Superimposed on that stable pattern have been three periods during which spatially grouped radon readings increased by a factor of two or more over their normal values. The simplest tenable description of the source of the increases are sporadic puffs of upflowing gas, originating at as yet unknown depths. The measurements are consistent with an upward velocity of flow of ∼ 10−3 cm/s. If this velocity is maintained to depth it is still insufficient to transport detectable amounts of radon from the ore body which is at 90 m depth, but it would be sufficient to reveal ore at 50 m or less. Down-hole measurements of permeability yield values that generally are too low to allow signals to be delivered from the ore body by any of the mechanisms that have been modeled. Occasional localized regions of adequately high permeability have been found, but their orientation and extent have not been measured. Although it is improbable that this ore body was discovered by distant transport of radon, the possible existence of occasional gas flow in the earth gives encouragement that at some sites discovery will be aided by such flow.
Echocardiographic observations in survivors of acute electrical injury

This report describes for the first time (to our knowledge) persistent left ventricular dysfunction in survivors of electrical injury. Two young men who were resuscitated following electrocution by high tension wires underwent echocardiographic examination after injury. Early studies demonstrated wall motion abnormalities with no to only partial recovery on follow-up. In contrast to a previous report of totally reversible left ventricular dysfunction in a similar setting, these cases suggest that the degree of permanent dysfunction following electrical injury is variable.
Landing Distribution and Density of Two Sound-Attracted Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus)

Flying adults of two mole crickets, Scapteriscus acletus and S. vicinus, were attracted to synthetic, conspecific male calling songs, broadcast at 116 to 117 dB, and centrally positioned over a series of concentric rings to investigate their landing distribution. Landing densities of S. acletus were more consistent and concentrated about the sound than were densities of S. vicinus. Landing densities per m2 were fitted to a power function of the form Y = (x/a)−β, where x is distance from the sound source, Y is expected density relative to that at 0.5 radius of a 1.5-m-diameter circle (containing sound source at center), and β is the rate at which relative density decreases with distance. Predicting mole cricket landing densities outside a 1.5-m-diameter ring (used in standard sound trapping) is important in estimating total numbers attracted.
Hard-sphere glass and the density-functional theory of aperiodic crystals.

A density-functional theory of freezing into an aperiodic lattice is presented. With use of freeenergy functionals for inhomogeneous hard-sphere fluids, the stability of a density wave with the structure of Bernal random packing is evaluated. Although the properties of the transition are sensitive to the form of the direct correlation function, the present calculations indicate a limit of metastability at a density ρ=1.03. The frozen lattice becomes more stable than the liquid at a density ρ=1.14.
Detection by Ionization of Atmospheric Gases during Analysis by Gas Chromatography

WHEN small quantities of atmospheric gases are added to pure helium, the electrical conductivity of the helium increases. This effect forms the basis of a sensitive method for detecting these gases in the effluent of a gas chromatography column.
Induced-compliance attitude change: Once more with feeling

Abstract The present study investigated the impact of the perception of emotion on attitude change in active participation situations. Subjects wrote counterattitudinal statements while their emotional experiences were independently manipulated by altering their facial expressions. Subjects who were led to experience additional negative affect changed their attitudes significantly more than did subjects who experienced no added emotional input. Conversely, subjects who were led to experience additional positive affect changed their attitudes significantly less than subjects in the other conditions. These results and their implications are discussed.
Logarithmic perturbation expansions

A method previously developed for one-dimensional nonrelativistic perturbation theory is extended to three-dimensional problems. This method essentially consists of performing the perturbation expansion on the logarithm of the wave function instead of on the wave function itself. It is shown that, for the first-order corrections in problems that are not reducible to one dimension, this method is equivalent to that of Sternheimer and to that of Dalgarno and Lewis. In the present approach, the higher-order corrections can be obtained in a hierarchical scheme and there exists an isomorphisim between the equation for the first-order correction and the equation for the $i\mathrm{th}$-order correction. As an illustration of the technique developed, the authors consider the hydrogen atom in an external multipole field and in two different spherically symmetric perturbation potentials, $\ensuremath{\delta}(r\ensuremath{-}a)$ and ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}r}$. The last potential is related to the problem of the screened Coulomb potential. By considering the $\ensuremath{\delta}(r\ensuremath{-}a)$-type potential, two interesting sum rules are obtained.
The importance of food and space in limiting web-spider densities; a test using field enclosures.

The relative roles of prey availability and habitat structure as possible limiting factors of web-spider density are investigated. Spiders belonging to one of three foraging classes (orb-web weavers, sheet-web weavers, or tangle-web weavers) were placed in field enclusures under constant regimes of prey and habitat complexity. Initially the density of spiders in the enclosure dropped due to cannibalism. After six to eight days, however, the enclosures appeared to reach an equilibrium number of spiders that they could support for the particular conditions provided. The equilibrium density increased if the amount of prey supplied daily was held constant but the substrate available to which webs could be attached was increased. Likewise, if the substrate for web attachment was held constant and prey was increased in separate experiments, the density of spiders also increased. These results provide strong evidence that field densities of web-spiders are determined by some combination of habitat structure and prey activity.
Present and future agricultural use of ground‐water in a portion of the Southwest

For more than a generation, farmers in the Southwest have been recovering ground-water to apply them to their lands. Too seldom has there been any irrigation-planning carried on with the aid of qualified technicians, and the result in many cases has been that the ground-water has been mined and exploited with a narrow and injudicious objective in view.
Attraction of gerbil pups to maternal nest odors: Duration, specificity and ovarian control

Gerbil pups are attracted to the odors of their maternal nest. This attraction develops by three weeks and is still strong at six weeks, but ceases by nine weeks of age. Removing either the mother's scent gland or her ovaries, a procedure that decreases scent gland size, decreases pup attraction to maternal nest odors. These data suggest that the mother's scent gland is the primary, though not the sole, source of the maternal nest attractants and that ovarian steroids stimulate attractant production. The gradual decline in pup attraction to maternal nest odors with age also parallels the decrease in maternal scent gland size. Pup attraction to nest odors becomes more specific as pups mature. Based on pup responses to odors of other mothers and their young, we suggest that nursing pups approach a species-typical pheromone produced by all lactating females, but that weaning pups imprint on scent gland odors specific to their mother. Other maternal odors and/or odors produced by the pups may also make the nest attractive to the young.
Determinants of Bureaucratic Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Department of the Treasury

This study employs a novel statistical strategy to examine the determinants of turnover intention in government service. To appropriately measure a main determinant of turnover intention - functional preferences - I estimate an ordinal item response model using data from the Federal Human Capital Survey. The sample is selected to facilitate an important comparison: the Internal Revenue Service has undergone significant performance-based pay reforms for supervisors, but not for non-supervisors, while the and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, also a subunit of the U.S. Treasury, has not. Inferential models of turnover intention reveal among other things that functional and friendship solidary preferences are important determinants of turnover intention, but increased accountability is associated with greater turnover among subordinates. IRS supervisors, who face paybanding, are significantly less likely to consider leaving than their counterparts in the OCC, who do not face such incentives.
Comparative studies of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and the Ah receptor in nonmammalian species.

Abstract 1. In vivo treatment of chicks, quail and rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) caused a dose-dependent increase in hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. 2. A much lower level of AHH induction was observed following similar treatment of trout with high concentrations of TCDD or MC. 3. No induction was apparent in midgut tissues from southern armyworm larvae exposed to the same inducers. 4. A low level of receptor exhibiting specific binding of [ 3 H]TCDD was demonstrated in chick hepatic cytosol, but no evidence of receptor was obtained with the other species. 5. Although the specific binding of the receptor in chick eytosol was only 6–8 fmoles TCDD bound/mg protein compared to 135 fmoles/mg in rat hepatic cytosol, the chick receptor exhibited properties similar to those of Ah receptors in mammals.
On the existence and stability of single walled SiGe nanotubes

Abstract A systematic hybrid density functional theoretical study of three different types of single walled SiGe nanotubes in armchair ( n, n ) and zigzag ( n, 0) (3 ⩽ n ⩽ 11) configurations is presented. The nanotubes have been represented by finite clusters with the dangling bonds saturated by hydrogen atoms. All structures have been both geometry and spin optimized without any symmetry constraints. Stability trend differs among armchair and zigzag nanotubes for the three different types. However, all SiGe nanotubes are semiconducting in nature, with a wide spectrum of band gaps.
A theoretical study of the inversion barrier in NF3

Abstract The barrier to inversion in NF + 3 has been studied using ab initio molecular-orbital theory including geometry optimization at the correlation energy level. The barrier is predicted to be 12.6 kcal mol −1 . Comparison is made to previous theoretical and experimental results.
Protein kinase B modulates the sensitivity of human neuroblastoma cells to insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibition

The potential of the novel insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor NVP-AEW541 as an antiproliferative agent in human neuroblastoma was investigated. Proliferation of a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines was inhibited by NVP-AEW541 with IC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 5 μM. Experiments using an IGF-IR neutralizing antibody confirmed that the IGF-IR was essential to support growth of neuroblastoma cell lines. The expression levels of the IGF-IR in individual neuroblastoma cell lines did not correlate with the sensitivities to NVP-AEW541, while coexpression of the IGF-IR and the insulin receptor (IR) correlated with lower sensitivity to the inhibitor in some cell lines. Intriguingly, high levels of activation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein were observed in neuroblastoma cell lines with decreased sensitivities to NVP-AEW541. Inhibition of Akt/PKB activity restored the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to the IGF-IR inhibitor. Transfection of neuroblastoma cells with activated Akt or ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) decreased the sensitivity of the cells to NVP-AEW541. IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines was completely blocked by NVP-AEW541, or by a combination of an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and rapamycin. In addition to its antiproliferative effects, NVP-AEW541 sensitized neuroblastoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that NVP-AEW541 in combination with Akt/PKB inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents may represent a novel approach to target human neuroblastoma cell proliferation. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Control of a Robotic UV Curing Process With Thermal Vision Feedback Through Two IR Cameras

Robotic ultra-violet (UV) curing is considered to be one of the effective ways to replace the current convection-based methods in various manufacturing processes due to its fast curing rate and high energy efficiency. This paper presents a closed-loop control of a robotic UV curing system by using thermal vision feedback through two infrared (IR) cameras. The proposed approach is developed based on a mathematical analysis of the fundamental UV curing process and the integration of the local and global IR cameras in a cascade manner. A computer simulation study is conducted to evaluate the proposed strategy by regarding two control variables: the radiant intensity of the UV heater and the sweeping speed of the robot end effector. The results indicate that controllers using either control variable can compensate for interferences and improve curing quality under this thermal-vision-based architecture.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Subunit requirements for Torpedo AChR channel expression: A specific role for the δ-subunit in voltage-dependent gating

This study examines the subunit requirement for Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channel expression and the influence of non-α-subunit deletions on single AChR-channel currents. Xenopus oocytes injected with subunit combinations deficient in single non-α-subunit mRNA transcripts display the following order of ACh sensitivity: β-less > γ-less > δ-less. Oocytes injected with only the α-subunit and one non-α-subunit display the order: αδ > αγ > αβ. These sequences indicate the effectiveness of non-α-subunit substitution is δ > γ > β. Single AChR-channel currents measured in oocytes deficient in either β or γ display conductance and voltage-sensitive burst kinetics similar to the wild-type channel. In contrast, the δ-less combination express channels with burst kinetics that are relatively faster and voltage insensitive. These results indicate that either a specific structural domain in the δ-subunit or its specific interactions with the α-subunit contribute to the voltage-dependent gating of the Torpedo AChR channel.
ESR investigations on the stabilization of alumina dispersions by Aerosol-OT in different solvents

Dispersions in organic liquids are used to produce a number of products, such as high-performance ceramics, magnetic tapes, inks, paints and pigments. In this study, the stabilization of colloidal alumina by an anionic surfactant, Aerosol-OT (AOT), in solvents of different polarity was investigated. It was found that in the absence of a dispersant, as the solvent polarity is increased the dispersion stability goes through a maximum. The presence of AOT alters the stability of dispersions in low and high dielectric constant solvents, but not those in moderately polar liquids. The latter is shown to be mainly due to the lower adsorption of AOT on alumina from these solvents. Changes in surfactant orientation at the solid-liquid interface in different solvents were also monitored by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using adsorbed and chemically bonded 7-doxylstearic acid probes. The results clearly show that surfactant orientation and packing at the interface vary with solvent polarity and a compact adsorbed layer is required to obtain enhanced stability in the presence of surfactants.
Wilderness medicine: strategies for provision of medical support for adventure racing.

Abstract In adventure racing, or multisporting, athletes perform multiple disciplines over a course in rugged, often remote, wilderness terrain. Disciplines may include, but are not limited to, hiking, trail running, mountain biking, caving, technical climbing, fixed-line mountaineering, flat- and white-water boating, and orienteering. While sprint races may be as short as 6 hours, expedition-length adventure races last a minimum of 36 hours up to 10 days or more and may cover hundreds of kilometres. Over the past decade, adventure racing has grown in popularity throughout the world with increasing numbers of events and participants each year. The provision of on-site medical care during these events is essential to ensure the health and safety of the athletes and thus the success of the sport. At present, there are no formal guidelines and a relatively small amount of literature to assist in the development of medical support plans for these events. This article provides an introduction to the provision of medical support for adventure races. Since a wide variety of illness and injury occur during these events, the medical support plan should provide for proper personnel, equipment and supplies to provide care for a wide range of illness and injury. Foot-related problems are the most common reasons for athletes to require medical attention during these events. This article also highlights some of the controversies involved in the provision of medical support for these events. Suggested penalties for acceptance of medical care during the event and strategies for removal of an athlete from the event for medical reasons are offered. In addition, some of the challenges involved in the provision of medical support, including communication, logistics and liability are discussed. This information should prove useful for medical directors of future, similar events. Because of their extreme nature, expedition-length adventure races represent a new and unique area of wilderness and event medicine.
Heat shock-like protein is transferred from glia to axon

Glia-axon protein transfer was examined in the squid giant axon. Proteins synthesized by the glial sheath surrounding the axon were labeled with [3H]leucine. Raising the temperature of the incubation medium from 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C increased the synthesis of glial proteins that resembled heat-shock proteins. These proteins were among the group known to be transferred into the axon. Thus, glia provide the axon with proteins that may be involved in the reaction to trauma.
Effect of crosslinking on the secondary relaxation in polyvinylethylene

The effect of network formation on the secondary (Johari–Goldstein) β-relaxation was investigated for polyvinylethylene (PVE). Crosslinking affects the segmental (α-) process in the usual fashion, the networks exhibiting slower and more temperature-sensitive dynamics. However, the effect on the β-process is the opposite. The secondary relaxation becomes faster and the activation energy slightly decreases with crosslinking. The strength of the intermolecular cooperativity governing the behavior of the α-process was assessed using the coupling model, with consistent results obtained from analysis of both the timescale separating the α- and β-relaxations and the activation energy for the latter. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 582–587, 2010
Specific antibody activity, glycan heterogeneity and polyreactivity contribute to the protective activity of S-IgA at mucosal surfaces

An explanation of the principles and mechanisms involved in peaceful co-existence between animals and the huge, diverse, and ever-changing microbiota that resides on their mucosal surfaces represents a challenging puzzle that is fundamental in everyday survival. In addition to mechanical barriers and a variety of innate defense factors, mucosal immunoglobulins (Igs) provide protection by two complementary mechanisms: specific antibody activity and innate, Ig glycan-mediated binding, both of which serve to contain the mucosal microbiota in its physiological niche. Thus, the interaction of bacterial ligands with IgA glycans constitutes a discrete mechanism that is independent of antibody specificity and operates primarily in the intestinal tract. This mucosal site is by far the most heavily colonized with an enormously diverse bacterial population, as well as the most abundant production site for antibodies, predominantly of the IgA isotype, in the entire immune system. In embodying both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms within a single molecule, S-IgA maintains comprehensive protection of mucosal surfaces with economy of structure and function.
Non-uniform shape-preserving subdivision scheme for surface interpolation

Recursive subdivision on 3-D meshes with arbitrary topology has been widely used in computer graphics and CAD/CAM systems. In this paper, we provide a non-uniform subdivision algorithm based on the modified Butterfly subdivision scheme. We adopt several efficient refinement criteria based on different kinds of viewing information such as the viewing frustum, surface orientation, screen-space visibility error, and local mesh flatness. We further generalize the modified Butterfly scheme to model the natural features of 3-D objects (such as creases, cusps and darts) by deriving a set of subdivision rules. To produce desired piecewise smooth surfaces from a recursive subdivision process, we used tagged meshes to model sharp features and classify the edge set into three categories: normal edges, sharp edges, and near-crease edges. An interactive subdivision system is constructed for users to easily specify sharp features.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The LD50 test

The nature of the LD50 test and its central place in the conceptual development of pharmacology is reviewed. The results of the test and possible uses are outlined. Some guidelines are set out for the development of alternatives to LD50 tests. Some circumstances are suggested in which it seems likely that some form of the test will continue to be required. It is concluded that the problem of replacing the LD50 test with apparently more elegant methods is part of the larger and more fundamental problem of bringing science to the study and regulation of toxicology.
Trails from the Vienna woods: Paleoenvironments and trace fossils of cretaceous to eocene flysch, Vienna, Austria

Abstract Environments of deposition within a submarine slope-fan-basin plain system have been reconstructed for three flysch formations on the basis of sedimentary facies and facies associations. The dominantly arenitic rocks of the Eocene Greifenstein Sandstone were deposited in large channels on the inner fan and the inner part of the middle fan. The pelitic and arenitic strata of the Upper Cretaceous Sievering Formation were deposited in large channels and on interchannel surfaces of the middle fan. The dominantly pelitic rocks of the Paleocene—Eocene Laab Formation were deposited on the outer fan and the outer part of the middle fan. Most of the trace fossils in these formations are characteristics of the Nereites facies, which is typical of deep-water paleoenvironments. Nearly all the abundant full-relief traces in pelites and hyporelief traces on the soles of arenites were constructed by deposit-feeding, inbenthic animals burrowing and feeding in mud. The epirelief traces on the upper surfaces of arenites are surface trails of epibenthic deposit-feeders, scavengers, or carnivores. Abundance and diversity of inbenthic deposit-feeders apparently were limited by sediment grain size, and their traces are abundant only in thinly interbedded, finegrained arenites and pelites deposited in middle fan channel and interchannel environments of the Sievering Formation and parts of the Laab Formation. Abundance of epibenthic animals may have been limited by temporal and geographic continuity of suitable sandy substrates, and their traces are abundant only locally in ungraded, coarser-grained arenites deposited in inner fan channel environments of the Greifenstein Sandstone.
“To Furnish Specimens of Negro Eloquence”: William J. Simmons's Men of Mark as a Site of Late-Nineteenth-Century African American Rhetorical Education

This study features Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising, William J. Simmons's 1887 collection of short biographies of 178 prominent African American men, as a significant, yet overlooked site of post-Reconstruction-era African American rhetorical education. Making good on his opening promise “to furnish specimens of Negro eloquence, that young men might find … handy for declamations and apt quotations”—including speeches, resolutions, narratives, editorials, epistles, poems, sermons, and petitions that serve as models of powerful rhetoric worthy of emulation—Simmons sets forth a practical, inclusive pedagogy of civic engagement based on exemplars for imitation and general guidance, rather than textbook principles, abstractions, or theories. He also provides additional texts and commentary to help readers understand the value of his subjects' rhetorical practice. Furthermore, Simmons constructs an approach to acquiring rhetorical power emphasizing activist, progressive, primarily secular discourse...
Theoretical calculations of N2-broadened halfwidths of H2O using quantum Fourier transform theory.

N2-broadened halfwidths for the pure rotation band of H2O have been calculated for some 1600 transitions using quantum Fourier transform (QFT) theory. The QFT method corresponds to a quantum mechanical second-order perturbation development of collisional broadening within the binary collision approximation. Self-broadened halfwidths as well as pressure shifts were also calculated in this study but are not presented here. The N2-broadened halfwidths were used to form the data base of H2O halfwidths present on the AFGL main gas Atlas and replace the earlier Anderson calculations by Benedict and Kaplan.
Scale-up potential of ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography method to produce biologically active inositol phosphates.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility that an analytical ion-pair HPLC procedure used to determine phytic acid (IP6) and its degradation products (IP3-IP5) can be transformed to a preparative purification method. A commercial phytic acid (CPA) preparation was separated into its component fractions of IP3, IP4, IPS, and IP6 on two C18 columns (1.8 and 4.2 ml) using 51% methanol containing 0.6-1% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as ion-pair reagent and 0-0.025 M formic acid (pH 4.3) as eluent at 1.7 and 3.0 cm/min linear velocity, respectively, and 40 degrees C. Elution was monitored at 40 degrees C by a refractive index detector. Reproducible separation of CPA into four well-resolved peaks on these columns was possible after optimizing method variables, particularly the concentration of ion-pair reagent in the injected sample (>1.5%). The same separations were obtained after CPA loads were scaled up 25 times on a steel column (15 cm x 19 mm I.D.), packed with Ethyl C2 sorbent (10 microm) and on a 25 cm x 21.2 mm I.D. C18 column, but at a reduced linear velocity to increase the resolution. Therefore, this optimization of separation not only is useful for analysis of phytic acid and its degradation products but also it provides key parameters for scale up for further fractionation and characterization.
Kinetics of lactate transport into rat liver in vivo.

Lactate clearance by liver plays an important role in lactate homeostasis and in the development of lactic acidosis. The role of lactate delivery to liver as a limiting factor in hepatic uptake of lactate is unclear. Lactate delivery of mechanisms could be important if rates of lactate transport approximate rates of lactate metabolism by liver. The rates of lactate transport into liver have been determined in vitro with isolated liver cells and the results have been conflicting. Therefore, the present studies measure the rate of transport of (14C)-L-lactate, and its poorly metabolizeable stereoisomer, (14C)-D-lactate, into rat liver in vivo using a portal vein injection technique. The transport of (3H)-water and of (14C)-sucrose, an extracellular reference compound, were also studied. Portal blood flow was determined from the kinetics of (3H)-water efflux in liver and was 1.93 +/- 0.22 mL/min/g. The volumes of distribution of (14C)-L-lactate, and (14C)-sucrose were 1.31 +/- 0.22, 0.71 +/- 0.07, and 0.22 +/- 0.07 mL/g, respectively. The extraction of unidirectional influx of (14C)-L-lactate and (14C)-D-lactate by rat liver was 93% +/- 10% and 91% +/- 9%, respectively. The rate of lactate transport into rat liver in vivo, 1.8 mumols.min-1.g-1, is approximately twofold greater than the rate ofmore » lactate metabolism by rat liver reported in the literature. Therefore, lactate uptake by liver may not be limited by transport under normal conditions. However, conditions such as decreased portal blood flow, which slow lactate delivery to liver by 50% or more, could cause lactate uptake by liver to be limited by transport of circulating lactate.« less
3D Flow Simulations in a Simplified Right Ventricle Model

The right ventricle (RV) pumps the de-oxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen absorption. Characterizing the RV geometry, its motion, and the ventricular flow is critical in assessing the heart’s health to provide important clinical diagnostic and prognostic information. However, RV flow has not been observed as closely as the flow in the left side of the heart. The current imaging techniques are limited in their ability to characterize the three-dimensional flow of blood through the heart. There is no single experimental technique available today capable of comprehensively quantifying the 3D flow pattern of blood in heart. As a result, there exists a need for computer simulations in order to understand the complex 3D flow pattern in the heart. In this paper, the sharp-interface immersed boundary method was used to carry out simulations of the flow in a simplified RV model. The reconstructed geometry of the RV was approximated to have a crescent-shape cross-section. In contrast to the previous work, in which the atrium was ignored, the atrium was added with an almost spherical shape attached above the RV. The RV motion was prescribed based on a model that produces physiologic flow waveforms for the RV. The simulations show a complex swirling flow pattern in the RV and the formation of a vortex ring during diastole.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Incidence of nuclear antibodies in patients and in related and unrelated groups from a community with a "microepidemic" of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract The incidence of nuclear antibodies was investigated in 64 relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in 101 unrelated individuals from an isolated community in Southern Nevada with a “microepidemic” of the disease. The incidence of nuclear antibodies in relatives was significantly higher than that in unrelated controls, but the observed incidence was influenced by the dilution factor of the serum used for screening and the age and sex of individuals. Twenty-five percent of relatives had nuclear antibodies compared with 7.9% in unrelated controls at a serum dilution of 1 in 5; the incidence was 10.9% and 1.9%, respectively, when sera were screened at 1 in 10. At the latter dilution, the incidence of antibodies in male and female relatives over the age of 40 years was similar, whereas the incidence in young female relatives was significantly higher than male relatives in the same age range. The possible effect of certain environmental factors in individuals genetically predisposed to the formation of nuclear antibodies is discussed.
Effects of Preoperative Abciximab and Eptifibatide on Bleeding Indices in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

Background: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists are used routinely for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and to prevent thromboses during percutaneous coronary interventions. It is not uncommon for patients who initially require a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor to eventually receive a surgical intervention. Objective: To compare the difference in bleeding indices in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after receiving either eptifibatide or abciximab. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed on all adults who received abciximab or eptifibatide within 24 hours prior to undergoing CABG. Patients were excluded if they had received a dose of warfarin within 96 hours prior to the procedure or if they had an incomplete medical record, an off-pump procedure, a known hypercoagulable disorder, or hemophilia. A total of 54 patients were included and preoperative data, including doses of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents, were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative data collected for analysis included hemoglobin level, chest tube output, and the amount of blood products transfused for 24 hours postprocedure. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the eptifibatide and abciximab groups in the amount of fresh frozen plasma (mean ± SD, 21 ± 31 vs 187 ± 125 mL, respectively; p < 0.05) and platelets (212 ± 81 vs 433 ± 118 mL, respectively; p < 0.01) transfused during the intraoperative period. However, when the total amount of blood products transfused intraoperatively (769 ± 243 vs 1395 ± 316 mL, respectively; p = 0.47) was evaluated, no significant difference was detected. Likewise, markers for bleeding that were collected during the 24-hour postoperative window (immediate and 24-h postoperative hemoglobin and total 24-h chest tube output) were not significantly different. Conclusions: Although there is an increased risk of bleeding when abciximab or eptifibatide is administered prior to CABG, no significant difference in the total amount of blood products used was detected between the 2 agents in this study.
Irreducible characters of wreath products in reality-based algebras and applications to association schemes

Abstract Wreath products in reality-based algebras are generalizations of wreath products of table algebras and generalized Camina–Frobenius pairs of C-algebras. In this paper we present characterizations of the wreath product in a reality-based algebra by its irreducible characters and by the size of the zero submatrix of its character table. Applications to finite groups, table algebras, and association schemes are also discussed. In particular, we will show that the wreath product of one-class association schemes is characterized by the zeros in its first eigenmatrix.
Factorial Validity of Scores on the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire

This study investigated the construct validity of scores on the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ), which was designed to measure eight dimensions of human temperament. The 105 STQ items were factor analyzed. Guided by previous research, both three-factor and nine-factor solutions were compared to the theoretical structure of the instrument. Neither the orthogonal nor the oblique solution revealed the eight first-order temperament factors (plus a social desirability factor). The three-dimensional structure of the STQ items was supported.
Pyridine nucleotide coenzyme biosynthesis: A cellular site of oxygen toxicity

Summary Hyperbaric O2 caused a decline in pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and impaired growth of Escherichia coli which were prevented and reduced, respectively, by niacin but not quinolinate. These data support previous evidence that hyperbaric O2 poisons quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase, an enzyme required in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes for de novo NAD biosynthesis. Thus, there is a biochemical basis that niacin may be beneficial for humans requiring therapeutic O2 at potentially toxic concentrations.
Propeller swirl effect on single-engine general-aviation aircraft stall-spin tendencies

An investigation is conducted of the effect of a single engine, untapered low wing general aviation aircraft propeller's swirl on the craft's stall pattern. The asymmetrical character of the propeller's swirl can trigger an early stall of one of the wings, aggravating the spin-entry condition. It is shown that the combination of this propeller-induced effect with adverse sideslip can result in large and abrupt changes in the rolling moment, in such conditions as uncoordinated low speed turning maneuvers where the pilot yaws the aircraft with wings level, rather than rolling it.
Comparison between the electrical potential profile and the chloride gradients in the thin limbs of Henle's loop in rats

Comparison between the electrical potential profile and the chloride gradients in the thin limbs of Henle's loop in rats. In vivo micropuncture studies were performed in the papillary structures of Munich-Wistar rats in order to determine the chloride concentration gradients existing between the thin limbs of Henle's loop and the adjacent vasa recta, and to correlate these findings with the electrical potential profile in the same nephron segments under the same experimental conditions. The chloride concentration measurements revealed favorable gradients for outward diffusion of chloride in all segments, the magnitude of the uncorrected gradients being as follows: between the descending limb of Henle and vasa recta, 50.2 mEq/liter (P
A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water

A growing awareness of issues related to anthropogenic climate change and an increase in global energy demand have made the search for viable carbon-neutral sources of renewable energy one of the most important challenges in science today. The chemical community is therefore seeking efficient and inexpensive catalysts that can produce large quantities of hydrogen gas from water. Here we identify a molybdenum-oxo complex that can catalytically generate gaseous hydrogen either from water at neutral pH or from sea water. This work shows that high-valency metal-oxo species can be used to create reduction catalysts that are robust and functional in water, a concept that has broad implications for the design of 'green' and sustainable chemistry cycles.
A Method for Time-Resolved Ratiometric Detection of Plasmon Coupling Between Gold Nanoparticles for Single-Molecule Binding Assays

Fluorescence-based single-molecule techniques (and in particular, FRET) are the current gold standard for observing and measuring dynamic, molecular interactions that occur on millisecond timescales. However, these techniques suffer from the inherent trade-off between fluorescence intensity and photostability of the fluorescent probes. With unmatched photostability and high scattering brightness, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are in many ways ideally suited to overcoming the limitations of fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, through the unique plasmonic coupling effects between GNPs, a FRET-like distance measurement with nanometer resolution is theoretically possible over distances that are roughly twice the GNP diameter, far exceeding the detectable range of FRET. Previous plasmonic coupling measurements have been largely limited by the use of white light excitation and detailed spectral characterization, both which limit the spatial and temporal resolution because of the low efficiency in collecting and measuring the scattered light. We have overcome these limitations through the ratiometric detection of scattered light from GNPs using only two excitation wavelengths. Using monochromatic laser excitation and total internal reflection-based dark-field microscopy, we collected the scattered light from GNPs at the two excitation wavelengths and used a dichroic mirror to spatially separate the channels on a CCD camera. As a proof-of-principle to establish this ratiometric approach, we measured the plasmonic coupling of surface-bound biotin-functionalized GNPs upon binding neutravidin-conjugated GNPs from solution. Here, we report the first demonstrated detection of plasmonic coupling between two particles with >25 Hz temporal resolution. At this time resolution, we observe individual GNP scattering intensities >100 times above background, and observe that the intensity ratio more than doubles upon binding a second GNP. Importantly, and in contrast with previous methods, our technique is fully extendable to faster timescales, limited largely by the choice of detector.