cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does change in perceptions of peer teen dating violence predict change in teen dating violence perpetration over time

Research has previously demonstrated that perceptions of peer's teen dating violence (TDV) is associated with one's own perpetration of TDV, although little research has examined whether this relationship is consistent across developmental time periods (i.e., mid-to-late adolescence). The present study examined whether changes in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted change in one's own perpetration of TDV in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents from ages 15 to 18 (N = 1,042). Parallel process modeling demonstrated that decreases in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted decreases in TDV perpetration over time, and this relationship was more pronounced for males than females. These findings lend further support to the need for TDV prevention and intervention programs to include peer influence in their programs.
A Meaning-Based Approach to Humility: Relationship Affirmation Reduces Worldview Defense:

Humans are notoriously resistant to changing their longstanding beliefs and often act defensively when they encounter individuals holding divergent beliefs. We introduce a meaning-based approach to...
Evaluation of two main RNA-seq approaches for gene quantification in clinical RNA sequencing: polyA+ selection versus rRNA depletion

To allow efficient transcript/gene detection, highly abundant ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) are generally removed from total RNA either by positive polyA+ selection or by rRNA depletion (negative selection) before sequencing. Comparisons between the two methods have been carried out by various groups, but the assessments have relied largely on non-clinical samples. In this study, we evaluated these two RNA sequencing approaches using human blood and colon tissue samples. Our analyses showed that rRNA depletion captured more unique transcriptome features, whereas polyA+ selection outperformed rRNA depletion with higher exonic coverage and better accuracy of gene quantification. For blood- and colon-derived RNAs, we found that 220% and 50% more reads, respectively, would have to be sequenced to achieve the same level of exonic coverage in the rRNA depletion method compared with the polyA+ selection method. Therefore, in most cases we strongly recommend polyA+ selection over rRNA depletion for gene quantification in clinical RNA sequencing. Our evaluation revealed that a small number of lncRNAs and small RNAs made up a large fraction of the reads in the rRNA depletion RNA sequencing data. Thus, we recommend that these RNAs are specifically depleted to improve the sequencing depth of the remaining RNAs.
Microdissection for Study of Cochlear Anatomy

Temporal bone microdissection offers a versatile laboratory method for the study of inner ear anatomy and pathology. It is well suited for use in parallel with electron microscopy and conventional histologic techniques. The microdissection method provides a three-dimensional perspective that is especially useful in research relating to cochlear implantation.
Controlled Sensing for Multi-Hypothesis Testing with Co-Dependent Actions

Multi-hypothesis testing, which is widely used in many domains for discerning the true model governing the data, is often studied in a fixed sample-size setting. In such settings, the data-acquisition and decision-making processes are decoupled and the data-acquisition policies are pre-specified. Motivated by the advantages of sequential sampling, this paper treats the inherently coupled problems of data-acquisition and decision-making for multi-hypothesis testing, where data-acquisition can be abstracted as selecting one possible sensing action from a finite set. It aims to devise the quickest detection strategy by characterizing the minimum number of samples required to make a reliable decision as well as designing the dynamic attendant decision rules for selecting the best actions. The setting in which the available control actions are co-dependent is considered, which is a major distinction from the existing literature. Specifically, the existing data-adaptive approaches lose their optimality guarantees for this problem as they fail to account for such dependence. A novel sampling strategy that incorporates the dependence of the control actions into its decision rules is proposed, and its optimality properties are established.
Specific Emitter Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network-Based IQ Imbalance Estimators

Specific Emitter Identification is the association of a received signal to a unique emitter, and is made possible by the naturally occurring and unintentional characteristics an emitter imparts onto each transmission, known as its radio frequency fingerprint. This paper presents an approach for identifying emitters using convolutional neural networks to estimate the inphase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance parameters of each emitter, using only the received raw IQ data as input. Because an emitter’s IQ imbalance parameters will not change as it changes modulation schemes, the proposed approach has the ability to track emitters, even as they change the modulation scheme. The performance of the developed approach is evaluated using simulated quadrature amplitude modulation and phase-shift keying signals, and the impact of signal-to-noise ratio, imbalance value, and modulation scheme are considered. Furthermore, the developed approach is shown to outperform a comparable feature-based approach, while making fewer assumptions and using fewer data per decision.
Characterization and predictors of sleep disturbance in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (r/r CLL).

e18021 Background: Sleep disturbances are common complaints among cancer patients, and are linked to poorer quality of life and cellular immunity, as well as alterations in inflammatory/angiogenic ...
Conceptualizing Borderline Personality Disorder Within an Emotional Disorders Framework: Implications for Treatment With the Unified Protocol

Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric condition that represents a large proportion of treatment-seeking individuals. BPD is characterized by high rates of co-occurrence with depressive and anxiety disorders; this comorbidity may result from shared temperamental vulnerabilities. Given this, BPD has previously been conceptualized as an emotional disorder, maintained by aversive reactions to frequently occurring negative emotions. The Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was developed to address these core features relevant across the range of emotional disorders, including BPD. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the rationale for conceptualizing BPD as an emotional disorder and the corresponding implications for psychological treatment. A case example of an individual with BPD who received a course a treatment with the UP will also be presented.
Provider-directed education to reduce unnecessary neuroimaging in uncomplicated headache disorders.

BACKGROUND More than 1.9 million annual outpatient visits to neurologists in the United States are associated with headache diagnoses. For uncomplicated headache disorders, the evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines recommend against neuroimaging unless specific neurological signs and symptoms are present; however, neuroimaging rates have only modestly decreased since the guidelines were developed. LOCAL PROBLEM We evaluated unnecessary neuroimaging rates in patients with uncomplicated headache at the Emory Department of General Neurology. The rate of unnecessary neuroimaging suggested a provider knowledge gap in the use of neuroimaging in patients with uncomplicated headaches. METHODS A provider-directed educational session was delivered, and outcomes were evaluated 8 weeks after implementation. The postintervention rates of unnecessary neuroimaging were compared with preintervention rates. INTERVENTIONS A 15-minute educational session on the EBP guidelines for neuroimaging use in uncomplicated headache was presented to all general neurology providers (n = 9). The providers were given an electronic version of the presentation and a pocket-sized EBP algorithm for neuroimaging in this population. RESULTS Data collected from the project site's neuroimaging dashboard showed a significantly lower proportion of unnecessary neuroimaging orders in the 8-week posteducational interval (4.2%) compared with the 8-week preeducation interval (7.2%) (t = 2.78, p = .014), a 41.6% reduction. CONCLUSIONS We found that a provider-directed educational session reviewing the EBP guidelines for neuroimaging in patients with uncomplicated headache disorders was successful in lowering rates of neuroimaging. Implementing similar projects in other departments could further reduce unnecessary neuroimaging use across the organization.
A Simple and Practical Method for Incorporating Augmented Reality into the Classroom and Laboratory.

This paper provides two demonstrations of how Augmented Reality (AR), which is the projection of virtual information onto a real-world object, can be applied in the classroom and in the laboratory. Using only a smart phone and the free HP Reveal app, content rich AR notecards were prepared. The physical notecards are based on Organic Chemistry I reactions and show only a reagent and substrate. Upon interaction with the HP Reveal app, an AR video projection shows the product of the reaction as well as a real-time, hand-drawn curved-arrow mechanism of how the product is formed. Thirty AR notecards based on common Organic Chemistry I reactions and mechanisms are provided in the Supporting Information of this paper and are available for widespread use. In addition, the HP Reveal app was used to create AR video projections onto laboratory instrumentation so that a virtual expert can guide the user during the equipment setup and operation.
A Glass-Integrated Ferrite FM Antenna for Vehicle Telematics

We propose a miniaturized glass-integrated ferrite symmetric dipole antenna to enable frequency modulation (FM) communication in automotive applications. The geometry and dimensions of the dipole are optimized to obtain the desired antenna performance. The radiating element of the antenna is placed between two layers of glass substrates (e r =5.5,μ r =1). A layer of ferrite substrate (e r = 20, μ r =1000) is introduced at the bottom to minimize the antenna size. The number of shorting pins and their positions were optimized to increase the realized gain. The resonant frequency of the designed antenna was decreased by 80 %, indicating antenna miniaturization, and the antenna showed the maximum realized gain of -13.7 dBi with an omnidirectional radiation pattern.
High-dose nitroglycerin infusion for the management of sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE): A case series

Abstract Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE) describes the most severe presentation of acute heart failure (AHF). Immediate intervention is required to prevent hemodynamic decompensation and endotracheal intubation. Although high-dose nitroglycerin (>100 μg/min) has been described for this clinical scenario in limited case reports, the concern for adverse effects such as hypotension and syncope limit providers comfortability in initiating nitroglycerin at these doses. Described here is a case series of four patients who safely and effectively received high-dose nitroglycerin infusions for the management of SCAPE.
First-Principles Investigation of Anchoring Behavior of Tungsten Dichalcogenides for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

The commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is crippled due to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) dissolution into the electrolyte and the poor kinetics of their reversible conversions. The graphene-based materials have been widely used as a conductive matrix, however, the apolar nature of the graphene provides insufficient binding required for the containment of the LiPSs within the cathode material. In this regard, the transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit great promise as anchoring materials (AMs) due to their capability of strong adsorption to LiPSs thus suppression of the polysulfides shuttles. In this study, we used first-principles based density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the chemical interactions such as binding energies and catalytic activities between AMs such as tungsten dichalcogenides, WX2 (X=S, Se, and Te) and the LiPSs. We found that the WX2 possesses moderate binding strength to the LiPSs which is desired for effective anchoring. We perform an in-depth analysis of charge transfer and the electronic density of states to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that dictate the binding behavior of LiPSs and WX2. The catalytic activity of WX2 for the delithiation of the lower-order polysulfides are demonstrated through the reduction of the reaction barriers compared to the apolar AMs. Overall, our simulation results provide detailed insight into the behavior of WX2 as AMs to suppress the LiPSs migration and increase the kinetics of LiPSs conversion reactions, henceforth paves the way towards the development of high-performance Li-S batteries.
Influenza Infection has Fiber Type-Specific Effects on Cellular and Molecular Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Mice.

Skeletal muscle myopathies represent a common non-pulmonary manifestation of influenza infection, leading to reduced physical function and hospitalization in older adults. However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study examined the effects of influenza virus A pulmonary infection on contractile function at the cellular (single fiber) and molecular (myosin-actin interactions and myofilament properties) levels in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of aged (20 months) C57BL/6 male mice that were healthy or flu infected for 7 (7-days post-infection; 7-DPI) or 12 days (12-DPI). Cross-sectional area (CSA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA and IIB fibers was reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy. Maximal isometric force in MHC IIA fibers was also reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy, resulting in no change in specific force (maximal isometric force divided by CSA). In contrast, MHC IIB fibers produced greater isometric force and specific force at 7-DPI compared to 12-DPI or healthy. The increased specific force in MHC IIB fibers was likely due to greater myofilament lattice stiffness and/or an increased number or stiffness of strongly-bound myosin-actin cross-bridges. At the molecular level, cross-bridge kinetics were slower in MHC IIA fibers with infection, while changes in MHC IIB fibers were largely absent. In both fiber types, greater myofilament lattice stiffness was positively related to specific force. This study provides novel evidence that cellular and molecular contractile function is impacted by influenza infection in a fiber type-specific manner, suggesting potential molecular mechanisms to help explain the impact of flu-induced myopathies.
Soft Foot Sensor Design and Terrain Classification for Dynamic Legged Locomotion

Dynamic legged locomotion is being explored as a means to maneuver on rugged and unstructured terrains. However, limited foot contact sensing capabilities often prohibit bipedal robots from being deployed on complex terrains. Locomotion over cluttered outdoor environments requires the contacting foot to be aware of terrain geometries, stiffness, and granular media properties. To achieve this, we designed a new soft contact pad integrated with a variety of embedded sensors, including tactile, acoustic, capacitive, and temperature sensors, as well as an accelerometer. In addition, we devised a terrain classification algorithm based on features extracted from those sensors and various real-world terrains. The classifier uses these features as inputs and classifies various terrains via Random Forests and a memory function. Our cross-validation tests demonstrate that the proposed classification algorithm achieves an accuracy of about 96.5%, manifesting the applicability of this foot sensing device to bipedal locomotion over diverse terrains.
Optically controlled millimeter wave phased arrays: Status and future challenges

Various optical techniques are under consideration to provide signal distribution for GaAs MMIC radiating elements in large phased array antennas, to reduce weight, complexity and electrical interference. In this presentation, system architectures concepts for optically controlled phased arrays are outlined. The key optical and microwave components required for the feasibility of these architectures for millimeter wave range are described.
Use of Social Media to Manage Out-of-Class Discussion

Discussion is potentially the least used of the science educator's tools. The cause of this is multifaceted, but the reality remains that some topics, such as ethics, or current events, are often b...
COEXISTENT MITRAL AND AORTIC VALVULAR ATRESIA: A PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF 14 CASES.

Abstract Fourteen specimens of an uncommon form of congenital cardiac disease, coexistent mitral and aortic atresia, were reviewed grossly and histologically. The anomaly occurred more often in boys than in girls. Death usually occurred within a period of three days after birth. Although short, the life span depended upon the type and size of the interatrial communication. In those patients who had no true atrial septal defect, the egress of blood from the left atrium, in the presence of a normally developed atrial septum, occurred through a peculiar form of acquired interatrial communication. It consisted of a herniation and prolapse of the valve of the foramen ovale into the right atrial cavity. Although the left ventricle was blind and therefore was excluded from hemodynamic significance, it still contained a blood clot in several instances. This gave evidence of persistent communication between the left ventricle and the coronary circulation by way of myocardial sinusoids; this was proved histologically. Anatomic details which might aid in the location of the hypoplastic left ventricle are described. The most commonly associated anomaly was coarctation of the aorta. The condition may be misdiagnosed as common ventricle with or without persistent truncus arteriosus. Identification of the landmarks in the single functioning ventricle will establish this to be the right ventricle. Careful dissection of the great vessels will reveal a hypoplastic ascending aorta, in addition to the widely patent pulmonary trunk. Such observations exclude the diagnosis of persistent truncus arteriosus. The left ventricle may be identified as a tiny slit lying to the left of the anterior descending coronary artery and below a dimple in the floor of the left atrium.
Multi-sensor data fusion and reliable multi-channel computation: unifying concepts and techniques

Multiple sensors are used for much the same reasons as redundant computation channels; viz to tolerate certain types of error, incompleteness, inaccuracy, and/or tardiness in the data supplied by individual system elements such as sensors or processors. Data fusion in multi-sensor systems is investigated by numerous signal processing researchers. The problem of "voting" or, more generally, integrating results from multiple identical or diverse computations has been studied by computer scientists/engineers interested in fault tolerance and distributed computing issues. With very few exceptions, these groups publish their results in disjoint conferences and journals. Thus, there is little interaction and cross-fertilization between the two efforts. We review common aspects of the two problems and show how a data-driven methodology may offer potentials for tackling both problems within a unified framework.
Environmental effects on MCM tactics planning

A successful anti-submarine warfare search planning tool, the Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning (GRASP), is adapted and evaluated for the purpose of planning near-optimal reconnaissance plans for the mine counter-measures community. High-fidelity range- and azimuth-dependent sonar performance predictions over a high-resolution grid are ingested by a genetic algorithm, which uses Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian detection statistics, to evaluate and refine proposed search paths against a given target distribution. In essence, GRASP simulates a Darwinian evolution of reconnaissance paths to obtain the statistically best path based on Cumulative Detection Probability (CDP). In previous proof-of-concept work, GRASP provided a ladder-like solution in an environment where such solution was expected by search theory. Further, as the environment was perturbed slightly (just outside the bounds for which search theory can determine the optimal path), GRASP produced a path that was a variant on, and an improvement over, the intuitively expected path. In the present work, the efficiencies of acoustically blind and acoustically sensitive mine clearance strategies are compared in a real environment. The GRASP results reveal improvement in search coverage obtained by exploiting the environment with respect to sonar performance.
New Insights on the Interstellar Medium from EUV Observations

Observations in the EUV band have provided new insights into the interstellar medium. In the following I discuss two areas in which EUV observations are providing unique information: the ionization state of the ISM, and the pressure of the hot phase of the local interstellar medium and the bearing of this work on the McKee-Ostriker model of the ISM.
Inventions of the Social Movement

This chapter explains how different political practices gradually congealed into the social movement between 1760 and 1834 in Great Britain, and later, elsewhere. It shows how state warfare, parliamentarization, capitalization, proleterianization reorganized social life in ways that created relationships, precedents, and spaces for a new form of political life, “the social movement,” to emerge and succeed.
Measuring Past Biodiversity

The increase in oceanic biodiversity over the past half billion years is poorly understood despite the great importance of the pattern for understanding the history of life. Compilations of genera from the paleontological literature for the entire Phanerozoic (~540 million years) include only half the number of fossilizable taxa that occur in the oceans today, and the data are highly variable in quality. In their Perspective, [Jackson and Johnson][1] argue that a limited number of intensive and consistent sampling projects could maximize our understanding of the overall pattern and trends in past marine biodiversity. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5539/2401
A night at the museum--helping residents "see" their patients.

Virtual Mentor American Medical Association Journal of Ethics August 2014, Volume 16, Number 8: 599-603. ETHICS CASE A Night at the Museum—Helping Residents “See” Their Patients Commentary by Johanna Shapiro, PhD, and Joel Shallit, MD Katherine is a third-year medical student on her internal medicine rotation at an academic medical center that serves as a busy tertiary-care hospital for its region. The residents she works with are swamped with work; when they are not actively admitting and caring for patients, they are inundated with paperwork, submitting online orders, and completing health record notes. Katherine knows that the residents are kind and generous people who have been selected twice—for medical school and then for residency—on the basis of test scores, academic performance, and character recommendations. She cannot help but note, however, their frustration with patients who demand so much of their time, their irritation with nurses who page them about questions the residents think have obvious answers, and their eagerness to “turf” patients to another service or practice center to lighten their case loads. She can understand the origins of these behaviors while feeling that the residents are in danger of burning out and becoming more cynical than would be healthy for a long- term career. One evening, Katherine’s entire team is asked to stop working at 4 p.m. and take a trip to the Museum of Fine Arts. The residency program director is an advocate for innovative approaches to encouraging self-reflection among the residents and helping them see patients as people rather than diagnoses. He has asked the internal medicine teams to take turns going to the museum to look at and frame discussion around artwork as a way of generating conversation about medicine, patients, and life as a trainee. Katherine hears the residents complain that this outing is intended to force-feed them empathy and humanism; they consider it a waste of time that could be better spent on patient care and leaving the hospital at a decent time. Commentary Medicine is both an art and a science. As the great William Osler noted, “The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head” [1]. Residency programs struggle to balance art and science with seemingly endless, often overwhelming hard work. It is no wonder then that, for stressed, burned-out residents, such as the ones Katherine observes, art and perhaps even science take a backseat to just getting the work done. In the hypothetical (but in our experience, very plausible) dilemma posed, we see three interrelated issues. First is the residents’ perception that a “field trip” to a museum is a waste of time, distracting them from their real work. The second is that the residents resent being “force-fed” empathy and compassion. The third issue is how to acknowledge and address the residents’ negativity and burnout. www.virtualmentor.org Virtual Mentor, August 2014—Vol 16 599
Perspective Taking Explains Gender Differences in Late Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Disadvantaged Groups

Adolescents' attitudes toward disadvantaged groups are surprisingly understudied. What we know from these few studies is that adolescents' attitudes tend to become more favorable over time and that adolescent girls display more favorable attitudes than do adolescent boys. However, researchers have not offered explanations for why these effects occur. We proposed that changes in social-cognitive abilities that accompany adolescent development increase perspective taking and that the increased perspective taking facilitates more favorable attitudes toward disadvantaged groups. Because girls develop social-cognitive abilities earlier than boys, girls should show greater perspective taking and thus more positive attitudes toward disadvantaged groups than should boys. Importantly, we propose that these more positive attitudes are explained better by perspective taking than by gender. Participants were late adolescents (n = 803, 53.3 % female, ages 15-19) from high schools in north-central Florida (United States) participating in an ongoing, multi-wave study. Participants completed a measure of perspective-taking and reported their attitudes toward three disadvantaged groups (Black, gay, and poor people) during their third year of high school and, again, 6 months later during their fourth year of high school. Our findings provided strong support for our theorizing. Girls generally reported warmer attitudes than did boys toward disadvantaged groups, with the gender differences in warmth tending to diminish across time. Similarly, girls were higher than boys in perspective-taking abilities at both time points, although boys increased over time whereas girls did not. Crucially, perspective taking mediated observed gender differences in attitudes, suggesting that perspective taking is a mechanism for improving attitudes toward disadvantaged groups during late adolescence.
Seasonal evolution of Rossby and gravity wave induced laminae in ozonesonde data obtained from Wallops Island, Virginia

A method for evaluating the seasonal evolution of ozone laminae using ozonesonde data is discussed. The method uses the correlation between small-scale ozone and potential temperature variations to distinguish between laminae generated by quasi-isentropic filamentation by Rossby waves and by vertical displacements of material surfaces by gravity waves. Data from Wallops Island, Virginia show that Rossby wave induced ozone laminae are most frequently encountered at Wallops during the winter months near 15 km while statistically significant gravity wave induced laminae occur above 15 km during the early winter and at the tropopause from late winter through early spring.
A new concept for the evaluation of the blood glucose and insulin responses of healthy subjects following an oral glucose load

Oral glucose tolerance was performed in healthy volunteers. The patterns of the blood sugar and the plasma insulin following the glucose ingestion were subjected to a critical biostatistical analysis. The evaluation of the data prompted us to establish a new criterion for ‘normal response’, which is based upon the % increment in the blood sugar above the fasting level. The employment of that concept and method revealed that three different kinds of responses can be detected within a control group, and point toward the existence of an unnoticed segment of the healthy population which possesses an underlying disorder in its metabolic behavior.
High Threshold, Proximal Initiation, and Slow Conduction Velocity of Action Potentials in Dentate Granule Neuron Mossy Fibers

Dentate granule neurons give rise to some of the smallest unmyelinated fibers in the mammalian CNS, the hippocampal mossy fibers. These neurons are also key regulators of physiological and pathophysiological information flow through the hippocampus. We took a comparative approach to studying mossy fiber action potential initiation and propagation in hippocampal slices from juvenile rats. Dentate granule neurons exhibited axonal action potential initiation significantly more proximal than CA3 pyramidal neurons. This conclusion was suggested by phase plot analysis of somatic action potentials and by local tetrodotoxin application to the axon and somatodendritic compartments. This conclusion was also verified by immunostaining for voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunits and by direct dual soma/axonal recordings. Dentate neurons exhibited a significantly higher action potential threshold and slower axonal conduction velocity than CA3 neurons. We conclude that while the electrotonically proximal axon location of action potential initiation allows granule neurons to sensitively detect and integrate synaptic inputs, the neurons are sluggish to initiate and propagate an action potential.
Verbal and pictorial similarity in recognition of pictures

This experiment explored the role of pictorial and verbal coding in memory for pictures. Ss viewed slides for either 3 or 10 sec each. One hour after viewing they were given a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test. Test pairs had been previously rated on separate scales for visual similarity and for the ease with which the difference between them could be verbally described. Verbal describability predicted recognition best after both 3- and 10-sec viewing times. At the 10-sec presentation rate, recognition accuracy was unrelated to rated visual similarity, but at the 3-sec rate, errors increased slightly as visual similarity uncreased. Memory for pictures is mediated at least in part by verbal coding, but memory storage itself is probably not exclusively verbal. Visual features of pictures memorized by Ss may be selected on the basis of verbal descriptions of the pictures.
S)-(+)-2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-2-buten-4-olide: an enantiomerically pure Michael acceptor for asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted 4-butanolides. (—)-podorhizon.

Abstract A short, reliable, and practical synthesis of ( S )-(+)-2-( p -tolylsulfinyl)-2-buten-4-olide has been developed, and the utility of this Michael acceptor for highly enantiocontrolled synthesis of 3-substituted 4-butanolides has been demonstrated.
Application Of Wafer Probe Techniques To The Evaluation Of Projection Printers

As feature sizes and overlay tolerances shrink to keep pace with the increase in integrated circuit complexity, there is a concomitant need to advance the methods used to characterize and compare the performance of lithographic instruments. The electrical probe measurement technique has emerged as the most accurate, most effective approach to lithographic evaluation. We demonstrate the versatility of the technique as applied to state-of-the-art 1:1 projection printers. Among the characteristics of projection printers discussed are linewidth uniformity, focus and exposure latitude, pellicle mask protection, and distortion and alignment contributions to overlay accuracy.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Are residents ready for self-directed learning? A pilot program of individualized learning plans in continuity clinic.

Changes in training and certification requirements demand that trainees and practitioners take charge of planning and documenting their ongoing learning. Individualized learning plans (ILPs) have been proposed as a tool to guide this process. We report on a pilot program using ILPs as part of the pediatric continuity clinic experience. Objective.—The goal of the project was to explore residents' and faculty members' reactions to using ILPs when ILPs were offered as an optional tool. Methods.—A group of 42 residents and 13 faculty members volunteered to use ILPs in continuity clinic. Nine months into the intervention, residents and faculty completed questionnaires about their experiences using ILPs. We performed a content analysis of questionnaire responses to identify perceived benefits and barriers to using ILPs. Results.—ILP users reported that the program was helpful in providing a framework and focus for learning and in amplifying their awareness of the learning process. Barriers to using ILPs included lack of time and difficulty establishing and working with learning goals. Conclusions.—Our results suggest that residents are unaccustomed to taking active roles in planning their own learning. To prepare trainees for lifelong learning and continuous professional development, residency programs need to provide explicit education in the process of self-directed learning.
All-optical dynamic memory for fiber communications

We report on the development of a compact and fully optical fiber coupled memory unit based on time-domain holography in Er3+:Y2SiO3 for the storage of large bandwidth, bit-serial optical data at 1.536 and 1.538 micrometers . Using this demonstration unit, we have successfully stored 1020 bits of data in a 40-MHz wide spectral channel at a single spatial location in the sample. The raw bit error rate of the unit was measured to be approximately 10-7 with the use of a simple peak detection scheme. We further show that the power of the retrieved data can be restored completely to the level of input data by a single erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Implications of the results for an all-optical dynamic optical memory are discussed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Simultaneous Carpal Tunnel Release and Dupuytren’s Fasciectomy:

Simultaneous operations for carpal tunnel syndrome and Dupuytren's disease have been reported in only one study which recommended staged treatment because there was an 87% complication rate with simultaneous treatment. The present study reviewed simultaneous treatment of 30 patients during a 20-year period. Complications and unfavourable results were compared to similar groups of patients who underwent either Dupuytren's fasciectomy or carpal tunnel release as sole procedures. Early complications (13%) were far less than in previous studies and were easily corrected. The incidence of recurrence and extension (20%) was lower than in the Dupuytren's fasciectomy group and much lower than in previous reports. Simultaneous carpal tunnel release and Dupuytren's fasciectomy are strongly recommended when these conditions are both present in the same hand.
Cellular Neurothekeoma in a Female with Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cellular neurothekeoma is a rare cutaneous tumor that occurs more frequently in women. A 68-year-old female with a history of left nasal alar basal cell carcinoma and Guillain-Barre syndrome presented to the clinic with a 3-mm firm skin-colored papule with scattered telangiectasias. Histopathologic examination with immunochemistry of the lesion was consistent with cellular neurothekeoma. It stained positive for microphthalmia transcription factor and NKI-C3 and negative for HMB-45 and S-100. The lesion was excised with 3-mm margins, and no recurrence was noted within 1 year of follow-up. We present a case of cellular neurothekeoma in a patient with a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome as well as a review of the literature. Our case report is unique in that no prior association has been found in the literature between cellular neurothekeoma and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Confidence Intervals on the Total Variance in an Unbalanced Two‐fold Nested Design

Confidence intervals on the total variance in an unbalanced random two-fold nested design are constructed and compared. Computer simulation indicates the proposed intervals provide confidence coefficients that are generally close to the stated level.
Growth of InI single crystals for nuclear detection applications

Abstract We have developed a procedure to purify, synthesize and grow InI single crystals using the Bridgman technique. The commercial product of InI from Alfa Aesar (99.998% InI or 4 N) was zone refined by 50 passes of a zone-heater at 420 °C, traveling at 2 cm/h (the melting point of InI is 360 °C). InI was also synthesized using high purity In and I 2 by vapor transport technique. The grown InI single crystal showed a clear band edge excitonic emission around 2.02 eV at 6 K using photoluminescence measurement. The resistivities of InI detectors were found to be ∼2×10 9 and 1×10 8 Ω cm for zone refined and vapor synthesized starting materials, respectively. The InI detector formed by Pd–Pd contact showed clear peak of alpha particle detection at room temperature using 241 Am source.
Infant carrying by male chacma baboons.

Male chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, carry their offspring during confrontations with higher ranking immigrant males, who are a threat to the infants' lives. The infants sometimes initiate these con...
Schistosoma mansoni: detection and characterization of schistosome derived antigens by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) utilizing monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were used in an inhibition enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) to detect a variety of schistosome derived antigens. Preparations were obtained from various stages ofSchistosoma mansoni and from the eggs ofS. japonicum. Using appropriate titers of monoclonal antibodies it was possible to detect less than 0.01 μg/ml of schistosome antigens. The sensitivity of IELISA was dependent upon the type and concentration of the monoclonal antibody used, as well as upon the source of the antigens. Specificity studies showed that some of the monoclonal antibodies recognized species specific antigenic determinants, while others reacted against genus specific antigens. Furthermore, certain antibodies interacted with antigens which were neither genus or species specific. Fractions ofS. mansoni andS. japonicum egg antigen extracts, which have been previously considered to be relatively pure, were compared using certain monoclonal antibodies. The results indicate that these fractions are very heterogenous with regard to the unique antigenic specificities. For example, most antigenic determinants in crude soluble egg antigen are not retained on concanavalin-A lectin affinity columns and major serologic antigens have more than one determinant with different distributions. The expression of these antigenic determinants appears to be a function of both the concentration of the specific antigen and the mode of expression of the moiety within the antigenic matrix.
Urinary tract infections in black female children.

Abstract It has been demonstrated in several studies that prepubertal black females have a lower incidence of urinary tract infection than do white females of the same age. Other racial differences in the natural history of urinary tract infection have been suggested, but thus far very few young black girls with urinary tract infection have been thoroughly studied. The records of 56 black female children with urinary tract infections were reviewed and the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic manifestations of their disease documented. No attempt was made to compare data from blacks to that from whites since many studies composed primarily of white children are available in recent literature. This study is offered as baseline data on black female children to which future studies of black or white children may be compared.
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) to decrease lipid peroxidation, elevate nitric oxide, and improve blood lipid profiles in human subjects. Methods: Thirt...
Ab Initio Calculations of Possible γ-Gauche Effects in the 13C-NMR for Methine and Carbonyl Carbons in Precise Polyethylene Acrylic Acid Copolymers

The impacts of local polymer chain conformations on the methine and carbonyl 13C-NMR chemical shifts for polyethylene acrylic acid p(E-AA) copolymers were predicted using ab initio methods. Using small molecular cluster models, the magnitude and sign of the γ-gauche torsional angle effect, along with the impact of local tetrahedral structure distortions near the carbonyl group, on the 13C-NMR chemical shifts were determined. These 13C-NMR chemical shift variations were compared to the experimental trends observed for precise p(E-AA) copolymers as a function acid group spacing and degree of zinc-neutralization in the corresponding p(E-AA) ionomers. These ab initio calculations address the future ability of 13C-NMR chemical shift variations to provide information about the local chain conformations in p(E-AA) copolymer materials.
Responses of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to ash effluent and thermal stress

Abstract Mosquitofish, the only fish species inhabiting a drainage system that received high coal ash concentration at one end and thermal discharges at the other, appeared to successfully function in this environment with no apparent detrimental effects. Temperature conditions (44.5 C) were more limiting to the species' functional capacity than was coal ash turbidity (275 JTU) with high metal concentrations. Laboratory preference, avoidance, and lethal temperature trials supported the field observations. Mosquitofish had a final temperature preferendum at 34.7–35.1 C (both individual and group response), an upper temperature avoidance at 39 C when acclimated at 30 and 36 C, and an upper lethal temperature limit at 38 C. The species survived in this aquatic system in which elemental concentrations, determined by neutron activation analysis, were sufficiently high to be lethal to other fish species according to values from the literature and by in situ toxicity tests. Of the 40 elements measured, five (cal...
Reproductive studies of Brahman cattle III. Comparison of weight, progesterone content, histological characteristics, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in corpora lutea of Brahman, Hereford, and Brahman × Hereford heifers☆☆☆★

Abstract Sixty corpora lutea (CL), 30 from day 8 and 30 from day 13 of the estrous cycle were collected from 10 Brahman, 10 Hereford and 10 Brahman × Hereford F-1 (B×H) heifers and compared for weight, progesterone concentration and progesterone content. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity and histological and morphological differences were evaluated in CL from 10 animals from each breed at each day. The Brahman CL were significantly smaller than either Hereford or B×H Cl, 2.616, 3.836 and 4.211 g, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected for luteal progesterone concentration or content, however, Brahman and B×H CL tended to have less progesterone per CL than did Hereford CL. The histology and morphology of the luteal tissue appeared similar for the three breeds, since there were no detectable differences in the organization, apparent population of cells per area, or the cell types present in the CL. Brahman CL had significantly higher 3β-HSD activity than Hereford or B×H. Day 13 corpora from all breeds had higher 3β-HSD enzyme than CL from day 8 of the cycle. It is evident from this study that major differences exist in CL from Brahman and B×H as compared to Hereford.
Hydrogen separation through the use of mixed oxygen ion and electron conducting membranes (I): theoretical analysis

Abstract Membrane-based processes are becoming increasingly important in the field of industrial gas separation. Such processes are attractive from the standpoint of high separation selectivity and high conversion ratios in cases involving gas phase and gas–solid reactions. In particular, the application of dense ceramic mixed ionic and electronic conducting membranes to separate gases such as oxygen through ambipolar transport of oxygen ions and electrons and hydrogen through ambipolar transport of protons and electrons from gas mixtures at elevated temperatures (>500°C) is gaining increasing importance. As a specific example, the requirement of high-purity tonnage hydrogen with less than 10 ppm carbon monoxide impurity levels would be absolutely essential for low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells to gain wide market acceptance. We analyze herein a novel membrane-based hydrogen separation process which has heretofore not been widely reported in the literature.
Imaging of traumatic brain injury: a review of the recent medical literature.

OBJECTIVE. This article provides a summary of some of the important articles published during the period 2005–2009 on the topic of imaging findings in head trauma. The intent is to provide the latest information regarding the diagnosis of important abnormalities and new insights into their clinical significance.CONCLUSION. With the growing realization that even mild head injury can lead to various types of neurocognitive deficits, medical imaging of brain injury has assumed even greater importance than previously.
A complete general theory of planning is impossible

The essay defines the domain of planning theory and proposes two criteria—brevity and neutrality — for a prime table displaying the basic propositions of a complete general theory. I argue—on sociological rather than on formal epistemological grounds—that these two criteria cannot be met simultaneously. Even the most aggressive development of the policy sciences is not likely, therefore, to culminate in a complete general theory of planning.
Potential Role of Protease Nexin-2/Amyloid β-Protein Precursor as a Cerebral Anticoagulanta

The amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) is the parent molecule to the amyloid beta-protein which is a major constituent of neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The protease inhibitor, protease nexin-2 (PN-2), is the secreted form of APP that contains the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) domain. We reported that the predominant isoform of APP in human brain contains the KPI domain and is thus PN-2. Quantitation of PN-2/APP in various tissues revealed that it is primarily found in brain. Circulating blood platelets are another rich source of PN-2/APP. Platelet PN-2/APP is contained in platelet alpha granules and is secreted upon activation of platelets by physiological agonists. Protease inhibition measurements demonstrated that PN-2/APP is a potent inhibitor of intrinsic blood coagulation factor XIa. These findings suggest that PN-2/APP may play a role in the regulation of blood coagulation and platelets may serve as a systemic vehicle to deliver large amounts of this protein to sites of vascular injury. In addition, we propose that the rich, and relatively exclusive, investment of PN-2/APP in brain suggests that it may function locally as an intracerebral anticoagulant.