cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breakdown of immune privilege and spontaneous autoimmunity in mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for a retinal autoantigen.

Despite presence of circulating retina-specific T cells in healthy individuals, ocular immune privilege usually averts development of autoimmune uveitis. To study the breakdown of immune privilege and development of disease, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice that express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), which serves as an autoimmune target in uveitis induced by immunization. Three lines of TCR Tg mice, with different levels of expression of the transgenic R161 TCR and different proportions of IRBP-specific CD4⁺ T cells in their peripheral repertoire, were successfully established. Importantly, two of the lines rapidly developed spontaneous uveitis, reaching 100% incidence by 2 and 3 months of age, respectively, whereas the third appeared "poised" and only developed appreciable disease upon immune perturbation. Susceptibility roughly paralleled expression of the R161 TCR. In all three lines, peripheral CD4⁺ T cells displayed a naive phenotype, but proliferated in vitro in response to IRBP and elicited uveitis upon adoptive transfer. In contrast, CD4⁺ T cells infiltrating uveitic eyes mostly showed an effector/memory phenotype, and included Th1, Th17 as well as T regulatory cells that appeared to have been peripherally converted from conventional CD4⁺ T cells rather than thymically derived. Thus, R161 mice provide a new and valuable model of spontaneous autoimmune disease that circumvents the limitations of active immunization and adjuvants, and allows to study basic mechanisms involved in maintenance and breakdown of immune homeostasis affecting immunologically privileged sites such as the eye.
Comparative effects of three ocular perfusates on outflow facility in the cynomolgus monkey.

Total aqueous outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber for 90 minutes in both eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Each monkey received BaYciny's solution (B, containing no bicarbonate, ascorbate, lactate, urea, sulfate, or amino acids) in one eye and either Gaasterland's (G, containing bicarbonate, ascorbate, lactate, urea, sulfate, and amino acids; 8 monkeys) or modified Gaasterland's (GM, containing ascorbate, lactate, urea, sulfate, and amino acids, but no bicarbonate; 8 monkeys) solution in the other. Starting facility tended to be slightly lower and to exhibit more inter-animal variability with G than with B or GM. Perfusion with all three solutions caused a time-dependent facility increase. Facility with G increased approximately 60% during the second 30 minutes, compared to about 15% with B and GM; the difference may have been related to alkalinity and pH instability of G. There were no apparent differences during the final 30 minutes. Solutions conta...
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Mitotic Kinase Haspin by High-Throughput Screening Using a Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay:

Haspin/Gsg2 is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr-3 (H3T3ph) during mitosis. Its depletion by RNA interference results in failure of chromosome alignment and a block in mitosis. Haspin, therefore, is a novel target for development of antimitotic agents. We report the development of a high-throughput time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) kinase assay for haspin. Histone H3 peptide was used as a substrate, and a europium-labeled H3T3ph phosphospecific monoclonal antibody was used to detect phosphorylation. A library of 137632 small molecules was screened at K(m) concentrations of ATP and peptide to allow identification of diverse inhibitor types. Reconfirmation of hits and IC( 50) determinations were carried out with the TR-FRET assay and by a radiometric assay using recombinant histone H3 as the substrate. A preliminary assessment of specificity was made by testing inhibition of 2 unrelated kinases. EC( 50) values in cells were determined using a cell-based ELISA of H3T3ph. Five compounds were selected as leads based on potency and chemical structure considerations. These leads form the basis for the development of specific inhibitors of haspin that will have clear utility in basic research and possible use as starting points for development of antimitotic anticancer therapeutics.
Introduction of Nonindigenous Arthropod Pests of Animals

A variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the United States. The most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wildlife transport hosts, and accidental introductions on animals legally imported through United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine facilities. Examples of the establishment and subsequent eradication of exotic pests of livestock are presented to illustrate the critical role of the USDA in protecting American agriculture with particular emphasis on the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), the cattle tick, B. annulatus (Say), and the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Priority group rating of nonindigenous arthropod pests and disease vectors are discussed. Although the primary responsibility for preventing the introduction and establishment of arthropods that affect livestock and poultry rests on the shoulders of USDA professionals, insect surveys by extension entomologists along with observations by research specialists and producers are also important in detecting exotic arthropod species. Animal health professionals from all sectors of the livestock and poultry industries may well be the first line of defense from the introduction of nonindigenous arthropods and the diseases they transmit.
Effect of Immobilization and Concurrent Exposure to a Pulse-Modulated Microwave Field on Core Body Temperature, Plasma ACTH and Corticosteroid, and Brain Ornithine Decarboxylase, Fos and Jun mRNA

Abstract Stagg, R. B., Hawel, L. H., III, Pastorian, K., Cain, C., Adey, W. R. and Byus, C. V. Effect of Immobilization and Concurrent Exposure to a Pulse-Modulated Microwave Field on Core Body Temperature, Plasma ACTH and Corticosteroid, and Brain Ornithine Decarboxylase, Fos and Jun mRNA. Exposure of humans and rodents to radiofrequency (RF) cell phone fields has been reported to alter a number of stress- related parameters. To study this potential relationship in more detail, tube-restrained immobilized Fischer 344 rats were exposed in the near field in a dose-dependent manner to pulse-modulated (11 packets/s) digital cell phone microwave fields at 1.6 GHz in accordance with the Iridium protocol. Core body temperatures, plasma levels of the stress-induced hormones adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone, and brain levels of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), Fos and Jun mRNAs were measured as potential markers of stress responses mediated by RF radiation. We tested the effects of the loose-t...
Unified picture of modal loss rates from microwave to optical frequencies in deep-subwavelength metallic structures: A case study with slot waveguides

The behavior of the modal loss rate in deep-subwavelength metallic structures depends strongly on frequency: as the mode size decreases, at optical frequencies, the modal loss rate always increases to the theoretical upper bound Γ/2, whereas at microwave frequencies, it remains far lower than Γ/2, where Γ is the electron collision frequency of the metal. By analyzing the metallic slot waveguide as a model system, we show that these significantly different behaviors of the modal loss rate at optical and microwave frequencies are actually two extreme cases of a single universal behavior. Specifically, we show that as the mode size decreases, the loss rate always plateaus first and then increases to Γ/2, regardless of frequency. The only difference between frequencies is the properties of the plateau: at optical frequencies, the plateau is narrow, allowing the loss rate to reach Γ/2 at a relatively large mode size, whereas at microwave frequencies, the plateau is wide and formed at 13ω, defining a practicall...
Fast algorithm for solving hybrid integral equations

A fast algorithm is presented to solve for the scattered field of a two-dimensional, dielectric-coated conducting cylinder using a hybrid of a combined field surface integral equation and volume integral equation. The fast algorithm is an extension of the fast multipole method and it relies on the translation of scattering centers to speed up the matrix-vector multiplication in the conjugate gradient method. The scatterer is first divided into many subscatterers. Instead of directly computing the matrix-vector multiplication, which needs N2 multiplications, an efficient approach is used to reduce the floatingpoint operation count required. The algorithm has a computational complexity of O(N1.5).
Launch Vehicle Performance Analysis using Extreme Value Theory

Trajectory optimization in conceptual design is often performed using an expert driven direct method. This paper presents a statistical method to rapidly find optimal performance measures for vehicles using Extreme Value Theory (EVT). EVT can be applied to trajectory optimization to predict the distribution of extremal (or optimal) performance values for a vehicle concept. This method is demonstrated using a Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle and the results are compared to the results from a traditional expert driven method as well as a global search. For this example, the proposed method yields a similar answer to the global search with about 5% of the computational effort and a better answer than the expert driven analysis.
"Adversaries, Friends, then Foes: Insights on Shared Value Creation in Company-Stakeholder Engagement"

This paper contributes to the nascent literature on shared value creation as an alternative to the longstanding idea that a corporation’s goal should be defined solely as maximizing shareholder value. The study depicts the micro-processes of shared value creation in a long-term engagement between a large coal-based power company and a group of environmentally focused non-governmental organizations. Despite five years of relative success in their interactions, the company and these stakeholders failed to find a mutually agreeable solution on a high stakes issue, in the process destroying their working relationships and future cooperation potential. The study identifies a number of cognitive framing choices—both conscious and unwitting—that explain both value creation and destruction in the case. The analysis centers on three types of value: 1) relational capital; 2) organizational value; and 3) shared value. Theoretical contributions of this study include: (1) demonstrating the implications of trust escala...
Humanitarian Engineering: Groundwater Investigation for St. Denis Secondary School, Makondo, Uganda

The overall goal of the Humanitarian Engineering program at the Colorado School of Mines is the creation of new cadre of engineers, sensitive to social contexts, and committed and qualified to serve humanity by contributing to the solution of problems to those in want of technical assistance in meeting the basic needs. CSM formed a working relationship with St. Denis, a secondary school in Makondo, Uganda. A geophysical survey was conducted outside of Makondo to investigate water resources for the community. Because the number of students is growing, water demands have outgrown the current supply. Several engineering solutions have been analyzed including drilling for additional groundwater. Based on preliminary information, a DC resistivity survey was decided as the most efficient method for collecting data. The goals of the survey were threefold; locate the water table; find information about local geology; and determine if the groundwater was contaminated and identify the contaminates. Dipole-dipole and Schlumberger sounding arrays were placed in three separate areas. These data were collected and analyzed using 1-D and 2-D inversion programs. The resulting inversions located the water table and suggested that the groundwater was only partially contaminated. Using these data, a well location was proposed for future construction. The Humanitarian Engineering Program at the Colorado School of Mines In Fall 2002, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation issued a request for proposals to a limited number of universities and colleges in western states. The general objectives of the Hewlettsponsored program were to improve the quality of engineering education in terms of recruitment and retention of under-represented groups, innovative teaching and learning strategies, advancement of student professionalism, development of academic and industrial partnerships, and extended impact. CSM responded with a proposal for the development of a minor program in Humanitarian Engineering. The Hewlett Foundation funded our proposal. In addition, eight other universities: Boise State University, Idaho State University, Montana State University, Northern Arizona University, Oregon State University, University of Nevada/Reno, University of Utah, and the University of Wyoming received funding. The collective group is known as the Engineering Schools of the West Initiative (ESWI). The overall goal of the Humanitarian Engineering program at CSM is the creation of new cadre of engineers, sensitive to social contexts, committed and qualified to serve humanity by contributing to the solution of complex problems at regional, national, and international levels and locations around the
A Customizable Sensate Surface for Music Control.

This paper describes a novel music control sensate surface, which enables integration between any musical instruments with a versatile, customizable, and essentially cost-effective user interface. This sensate surface is based on conductive inkjet printing technology which allows capacitive sensor electrodes and connections between electronics components to be printed onto a large roll of flexible substrate that is unrestricted in length. The high dynamic range capacitive sensing electrodes can not only infer touch, but near-range, non-contact gestural nuance in a music performance. With this sensate surface, users can “cut” out their desired shapes, “paste” the number of inputs, and customize their controller interface, which can then send signals wirelessly to effects or software synthesizers. We seek to find a solution for integrating the form factor of traditional music controllers seamlessly on top of one’s music instrument and meanwhile adding expressiveness to the music performance by sensing and incorporating movements and gestures to manipulate the musical output. We present an example of implementation on an electric ukulele and provide several design examples to demonstrate the versatile capabilities of this system.
Political Culture and the Meaning of Health

George Bernard Shaw viewed medicine as a new form of salvation. Written during the early twentieth century, his essays on Doctors’ Delusions sketched an analogy between health care and religion. Physicians and priests articulated meaning to health. They perceived health as wholeness, as freedom from sin or viruses and bacteria. Physicians functioned through the General Medical Council (GMC), which resembled the College of Cardinals. Authorized by the state, the GMC cemented the union of church and government. Challenges to medical orthodoxy represented blasphemy and heresy. Just as the Church excommunicated heretics, so the General Medical Council upheld scientific medical standards by banning unorthodox practitioners (osteopaths) and new medical techniques. Physicians wielded the power of life and death over their patients, who assumed the same passive role occupied by the laity. Doctors extracted malignant cells from patients’ bodies, in a similar way that priests exorcised demons from parishioners. Faith in scientific medical expertise paralleled faith in divine wisdom. Medical cures resembled spiritual miracles.
The EMT regulator ZEB2 is a novel dependency of human and murine acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with complex molecular pathophysiology. To systematically characterize AML’s genetic dependencies, we conducted genome-scale short hairpin RNA screens in 17 AML cell lines and analyzed dependencies relative to parallel screens in 199 cell lines of other cancer types. We identified 353 genes specifically required for AML cell proliferation. To validate the in vivo relevance of genetic dependencies observed in human cell lines, we performed a secondary screen in a syngeneic murine AML model driven by the MLL-AF9 oncogenic fusion protein. Integrating the results of these interference RNA screens and additional gene expression data, we identified the transcription factor ZEB2 as a novel AML dependency. ZEB2 depletion impaired the proliferation of both human and mouse AML cells and resulted in aberrant differentiation of human AML cells. Mechanistically, we showed that ZEB2 transcriptionally represses genes that regulate myeloid differentiation, including genes involved in cell adhesion and migration. In addition, we found that epigenetic silencing of the miR-200 family microRNAs affects ZEB2 expression. Our results extend the role of ZEB2 beyond regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and establish ZEB2 as a novel regulator of AML proliferation and differentiation.
Precision of RSS-based indoor geolocation in IoT applications

With the emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), a number of low-power RF devices with diversified power levels will be deployed in the smart buildings. The radiated Received-Signal-Strength (RSS) from these devices can be used to improve the precision of the commonly used RSS-based Wi-Fi localization. In this paper, we introduce an analytical framework for calculation of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) in an environment with variable radiated powers from sensors to complement the Wi-Fi localization. Since the existing CRLB calculation for the RSS-Based localization uses the differential value of the RSS which eliminates the effect of the transmitted power from the sources, we also introduce the concept of Probability-of-Coverage (PoC), by using which, the transmitted power can be combined with the CRLB and provides more accurate performance evaluation. Experiments and simulations are conducted on the third floor of the Atwater Kent Laboratory at Worcester Polytechnic Institue, where scenarios are designed with deployment of both Wi-Fi and variety of low-power devices. Experimental results show that how different number, power level, and deployment of the low-power devices affect the localization performance and confirm that reasonable precision can be achieved in the dense IoT environment.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Clinical History of Atopic Versus Non-atopic Asthma Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background Children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with status asthmaticus have variable clinical courses, and predicting their outcomes is challenging. Identifying characteristics in these patients that may require more intense intervention is important for clinical decision-making. Objective This study sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes, specifically length of stay and mortality, of atopic versus non-atopic asthmatics admitted to a PICU with status asthmaticus. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a children's hospital from November 1, 2008 to October 31, 2013. A total of 90 children admitted to the PICU were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of specific historical data indicative of a clinical history of atopy. Children were considered to be atopic if they had a parental history of asthma, a personal history of eczema, or a combined history of wheezing (apart from colds) and allergic rhinitis (diagnosed by a medical provider). The median hospital Length Of Stay (LOS), PICU LOS, cardiopulmonary arrest, and mortality were compared between atopic and non-atopic asthma groups. Regression models were used to estimate the LOS stratified by atopic or non-atopic and by history of intubation in present hospitalization. Results Median hospital LOS for atopic children was 5.9 days (IQR of 3.8-8.7) and 3.5 days (IQR of 2.2-5.5) for non-atopic asthmatics (z = 2.9, p = 0.0042). The median PICU LOS was 2.5 days (IQR 1.4-6.1) for atopic asthmatics and 1.6 days (IQR 1.1-2.4) for non-atopic asthmatics (z = 2.5, p = 0.0141). The median LOS was significantly higher for atopic intubated patients compared to non-atopic intubated patients (p=0.021). Although there was an increased tendency towards intubation in the atopic group, the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in cardiopulmonary arrest or mortality. Conclusion A clinical history of atopic asthma in children admitted to the PICU with status asthmaticus was associated with longer length of stays The longest LOS was observed when atopic patients required intubation.
Significance of Positive Nodes and Positive Margins

Approximately 30% of patients with prostatic malignancy clinically confined to the organ of origin by rectal examination or by ultrasound examination have extension of malignancy to the regional pelvic lymph nodes. Involvement of the regional pelvic nodes is felt to reflect extension of the malignancy from the primary organ of origin and to identify patients at increased risk for failure following the administration of local treatment. Noninvasive imaging studies have been demonstrated to be incapable of predicting regional lymph node involvement with sufficient accuracy that clinical decisions can be reasonably made. The use of biological or biochemical markers may identify patients with an increased statistical probability of having lymph node involvement, and while they may be informative, the tests are not conclusive. In response to these facts, staging lymphadenectomy has been routinely considered as an appropriate preliminary study before definitive treatment selection of apparently organ-confined disease can be undertaken. Nonetheless, there still remain several controversial areas with respect to staging pelvic lymphadenectomy.
The disulfide bond arrangement in the extracellular domain of the activin type II receptor.

The initial step in the signaling cascade of the growth factor activin involves its binding to the extracellular domain of the activin type II receptor. This receptor domain contains 10 cysteine residues which are engaged in intramolecular disulfide bonds. To elucidate the structural framework of this domain we have characterized its disulfide-bonding pattern using an extracellular fragment of the receptor which binds activin A with high affinity. By combining proteolysis with mass spectroscopy and chemical sequence analysis, the disulfide connectivity was determined to be as follows: C1–C3, C2–C4, C5–C8, C6–C7, and C9–C10. A similar disulfide arrangement occurs in a family of snake toxins for which the three-dimensional structure is known.
On-Board Processing

The previous chapters concentrated on relatively straightforward satellite carrier processing, in which uplink carriers were either directly turned around on the downlink or switched between satellite antennas. The current trend, however, is toward more sophisticated processing at the satellite prior to retransmission, an area referred to as on-boardprocessing. By designing satellite payloads to accomplish more internal processing, a more efficient overall satellite link can be realized, which invariably leads to a simplification of the required earth stations. In this chapter we examine some of the present directions in on-board processing, and the expected emphasis in the next generation of communication satellites.
On identification of a wave number for Helmholtz equation

Abstract This note is concerned with inverse evaluation of an unknown wave number in a Helmholtz equation. The algorithm assumes an initial guess for the unknown function and obtains corrections to the guessed value. The updating stage is accomplished by generating a set of functions that satisfy some of the required boundary conditions. We refer to this space as proper solution space. The correction to the assumed value can then be obtain by imposing the remaining boundary conditions. We consider the evaluation of real and complex wave numbers. A number of numerical examples are used to study the applicability and effectiveness of the procedure.
Mind: A Leader’s Greatest Friend and Foe

This chapter presents the teachings of the Gitā on understanding and restraining the mind and emotions. Given the growing importance of mindfulness and meditation in fostering workplace wellbeing, this chapter also presents the guidelines that the Gitā provides for mastering the mind through the practice of meditation. The Gitā unfolds as an infallible guide for those higher-order individuals who externally live a life of full engagement with the world, while internally always remaining steadfastly anchored in the wisdom of their Higher Self and Awareness. It is common knowledge that mental strength and determination are the keys to leadership success; leaders who are mentally weak and wayward cannot achieve a durable and consistent organizational vision or mission.
A Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient Platform for Unsupervised Parkinson's Disease Assessment

Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurological disease that affects roughly 6.2 million people worldwide. Current methods to control this disease via medication involve frequent and lengthy exams for hospitalized patients. Due to the inefficiency of traditional treatment monitoring, many professionals are currently pushing for in-home Parkinson's Disease examinations to lower costs while improving symptom response. In this paper, we propose a low-cost and energy-efficient hybrid system that monitors a patient's daily actions to quantify hand and finger tremors based on relevant Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) tests. We then evaluate its characteristics with regards to energy efficiency and medical accuracy. Finally, we compare the system with existing solutions to highlight its salient features.
Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3/TiO2 Nanolaminate Thin Films on Copper in 0.1 M NaCl

Fifty nanometers of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanolaminate thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated for protection of copper in 0.1 M NaCl using electrochemical techniques. Coated samples showed increases in polarization resistance over uncoated copper, up to 12 MΩ-cm2, as measured by impedance spectroscopy. Over a 72-h immersion period, impedance of the titania-heavy films was found to be the most stable, as the alumina films experienced degradation after less than 24 h, regardless of the presence of dissolved oxygen. A film comprised of alternating Al2O3 and TiO2 layers of 5 nm each (referenced as ATx5), was determined to be the best corrosion barrier of the films tested based on impedance spectroscopy measurements over 72 h and equivalent circuit modeling. Dissolved oxygen had a minimal effect on ALD film stability, and increasing the deposition temperature from 150 °C to 250 °C, although useful for increasing film quality, was found to be counterproductive for long-term corrosion protection. Implications of ALD film aging and copper-based surface film formation during immersion and testing are also discussed briefly. The results presented here demonstrate the potential for ultra-thin corrosion barrier coatings, especially for high aspect ratios and component interiors, for which ALD is uniquely suited.
A Power Disaggregation Approach to Identify Power-Temperature Models of HVAC Units

With the increasing deployment of smart meters and Internet-of-Things technologies, buildings are becoming smarter, and capable of participating in demand response (DR) programs. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units, as one of the major loads in buildings and due to their cyclic operating characteristics, are excellent candidates for peak load management. A prerequisite to HVAC control for peak load management is to know their power consumption. While many studies assume that HVAC units consume fixed rated power during their operation, field measurements show that this value is not fixed but varies with outdoor temperature. Performing DR using the fixed power consumption model may result in unexpected load reduction, i.e., the reduction may be lower or higher than expected. Although power consumption measurements of individual HVAC units can provide necessary data, it is prohibitively expensive to install a power meter for each HVAC unit. To reduce hardware investments, this paper proposes an algorithm to derive power-temperature models of individual HVAC units from a single power meter that measures the power consumption of all HVAC units. Research findings indicate that the power consumption of individual HVAC units can be precisely modeled and disaggregated from a single power meter data.
Effects of a rainbow trout stocking moratorium on the Daphnia species composition and water quality of Square Lake (Minnesota)

Hembre, LK. 2019. Effects of a rainbow trout stocking moratorium on the Daphnia species composition and water quality of Square Lake (Minnesota). Lake Reserv Manage. 35:127–139. Square Lake is among the clearest lakes in the Minneapolis–St. Paul (Minnesota) metropolitan area, but its water clarity has decreased over the past several decades despite levels of total phosphorus (TP) remaining relatively stable. Predation by zooplanktivorous rainbow trout annually stocked since the early 1980s was hypothesized to be the cause for this eutrophication trend. To evaluate this hypothesis, a 3-year moratorium on trout stocking was imposed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) and water quality and zooplankton monitoring data from 2 years prior to the moratorium (2010 and 2012) were compared to data from the 3 moratorium years (2013–2015). Significant changes observed during the moratorium years that support the hypothesis include (1) an increase in biomass concentrations of the large-bodied Daphnia pulicaria, (2) a coincident decrease in biomass concentrations of the smaller bodied D. mendotae, and (3) more pronounced spring clear-water phases when D. pulicaria reached peak densities. In addition, the volume of hypoxic water (dissolved oxygen [DO] < 1 mg/L) that developed in deep water was less in moratorium years compared to the premoratorium years. Unexpectedly, surface water TP concentrations were significantly lower during the moratorium years than in premoratorium years. Greater sequestration of P in the biomass of Daphnia during the moratorium years is the likely cause for the decrease in surface water TP levels in those years. Natural resource managers from the MNDNR have extended the moratorium and are using the conclusions from this study to determine the future fisheries management plan for Square Lake.
Dual-Band Multi-Receiver Wireless Power Transfer: Architecture, Topology, and Control

Wireless power transfer (WPT) via near-field magnetic coupling is an enabling technology for many applications including consumer electronics and electric vehicles. A few WPT standards have been established with frequencies ranging from kHz to MHz. MHz operation offers smaller size and higher tolerance to coil misalignment, and kHz operation offers higher efficiency and higher power rating. This paper presents a WPT architecture with new transmitter and receiver topologies that are reconfigurable for dual-band operation. On the transmitter side, we developed a novel architecture based on the reactance steering network (RSN) which can seamlessly compensate an arbitrary load impedance for radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers. It can transmit power at two frequencies (kHz and MHz range) with decoupled power modulation. On the receiver side, we developed a reconfigurable dual-band rectifier that can achieve a power density of 300 W/inch3 at both 100 kHz and 13.56 MHz with very low component count. A dual-band reconfigurable WPT system comprising a dual-band transmitter and multiple dualband receivers has been built and tested. The RSN-based dualband transmitter can efficiently and simultaneously deliver 15 W of power to multiple receivers at both 100 kHz and 13.56 MHz.
Far-side occupant responses based on current US side-impact protocol using finite element human body models

Most of the applied vehicle side-impact occupant protection research to date has concentrated on near-side occupants. Currently, no regulation exists in North America for the far-side occupant protection. Real-world crash data has shown that occupants seated on the non-struck side, defined as 'far-side' occupants, are still subjected to a risk of injuries. The objective of this study is to investigate body responses for the far-side occupant using current US side impact protocols. Current side impact protocol in the USA is designed to meet side Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB) and fixed oblique pole impact. Two seating cases are addressed; the first case consisted of a far-side occupant in the first row (single occupant) to evaluate the interaction of the occupant to the structure. The second case, a near-side occupant, was added to the far-side occupant (two occupants in a row) to study the interaction of the occupant-to-occupant. A finite element human body model (50th male) was used as a far-side and near-side occupant. Simulation results indicated that the LINCAP barrier could potentially produce the significant head rotational acceleration and thoracic rib deflection if the far-side occupant was included in the existing near-side crash protocols.
Valley-Coupled-Spintronic Non-Volatile Memories With Compute-In-Memory Support

In this work, we propose valley-coupled spin-hall memories based on monolayer WSe2. The key features of the proposed memories are (a) the ability to switch magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and (b) an integrated gate that can modulate the charge/spin current ( $I_C / I_S$ ) flow. The former attribute results in high energy efficiency (compared to the Giant-Spin Hall (GSH) effect-based devices with in-plane magnetic anisotropy magnets). The latter feature leads to a compact access-transistor-less memory array design. We experimentally measure the gate controllability of the current as well as the non-local resistance associated with valley-coupled spin-hall effect. Based on the measured data, we develop a simulation framework to propose and analyze single-ended and differential valley-coupled spin-hall effect based magnetic memories (VSH-MRAM and DVSH-MRAM, respectively). At the array level, the proposed VSH/DVSH-MRAMs achieve 50%/11% lower write time, 59%/67% lower write energy, 12%/30% lower read time and 35%/41% lower read energy at iso-sense margin, compared to single-ended/differential Giant-Spin Hall (GSH/DGSH)-MRAMs. System level evaluation in the context of general-purpose processor and intermittently-powered system shows up to 3.14X and 1.98X better energy efficiency for the proposed (D)VSH-MRAMs over (D)GSH-MRAMs respectively. Further, the differential sensing of the proposed DVSH-MRAM leads to natural and simultaneous in-memory computation of bit-wise AND and NOR logic functions. Using this feature, we design a computation-in-memory (CiM) architecture that performs Boolean logic and addition with a single array access. System analysis performed by integrating our DVSH-MRAM: CiM in the Nios II processor shows up to 2.57X total energy savings, compared to DGSH-MRAM: CiM.
Out-of-Field Teaching in Chemistry and Physics: An Empirical Census Study

This empirical census study was a quasi-experimental analysis of certification level (primary vs. secondary) and in-field vs. out-of-field certification. The sample included chemistry teachers (n =...
Bulk Electric Power System Risks From Coordinated Edge Devices

As smart load adoption grows on the electric power system, potential for losing load diversity increases, possibly in ways that impact system stability. Cloud computing resources are able to coordinate large amounts of behind-the-meter loads and resources. Inadvertent or malicious actions could potentially result in gigawatts of load, distributed across large regions, acting nearly simultaneously. We study the resulting impacts of such a perturbation, which were previously recognized, with improved fidelity and granularity using a physically-based power system and demand model. The ResStock tool was used to calculate residential air conditioning load at more than 3,000 locations across the Western Interconnection, corresponding in time to heavy summer and light spring loading. Under an assumption that one cloud platform managed smart thermostats controlling 10%, 15%, or 20% of residential air-conditioning, calculated load steps could be injected into Positive Sequence Load Flow dynamic simulations. These load-driven effects were coupled with two classes of distributed generation ride-through to evaluate the potential for cascading outages. We found frequency deviations in the spring case far exceed the credible contingency event, leading to widespread distributed generation loss, while voltage depressions during the summer loading lead to widespread distributed generation loss and system separation.
Efficient Mining of Frequent Subgraphs with Two-Vertex Exploration

Frequent Subgraph Mining (FSM) is the key task in many graph mining and machine learning applications. Numerous systems have been proposed for FSM in the past decade. Although these systems show good performance for small patterns (with no more than four vertices), we found that they have difficulty in mining larger patterns. In this work, we propose a novel two-vertex exploration strategy to accelerate the mining process. Compared with the single-vertex exploration adopted by previous systems, our two-vertex exploration avoids the large memory consumption issue and significantly reduces the memory access overhead. We further enhance the performance through an index-based quick pattern technique that reduces the overhead of isomorphism checks, and a subgraph sampling technique that mitigates the issue of subgraph explosion. The experimental results show that our system achieves significant speedups against the state-of-the-art graph pattern mining systems and supports larger pattern mining tasks that none of the existing systems can handle.
Friendship and Electromagnetics: In Memory of Professors Pedram Mousavi and Mojgan Daneshmand

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professors Pedram Mousavi and Mojgan Daneshmand as well as their two daughters Darya and Dorina who tragically lost their lives on January 8, 2020 when Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down shortly after takeoff near Tehran, Iran. Despite their young age, Professors Mousavi and Daneshmand were superbly accomplished scholars who had made important contributions to the fields of Electromagnetics, Microwaves, Sensors, and Antennas. More importantly, they have touched and changed the life of many students and scholars by their teaching and research programs. They were beautiful soles who had an even brighter future ahead of them and were on the path of offering far more to the scientific and academic communities. Their tragic death is a significant loss for our community as well as their friends and family. This paper reviews some of their scientific contributions and provides a brief commentary on the cherished friendship of the authors with them.
Synaptotagmin-Like Protein 2a Regulates Angiogenic Lumen Formation via Weibel-Palade Body Apical Secretion of Angiopoietin-2.

Objective Vascular lumen formation requires the redistribution of intracellular proteins to instruct apicobasal polarity, thereby enforcing maturation of both luminal and basal domains. In the absence of proper apical signaling, lumen formation can be distorted leading to lumen collapse and cessation of blood flow. Slp2a (synaptotagmin-like protein-2a) has been implicated in apical membrane signaling; however, the role of Slp2a in vascular lumen formation has never been assessed. Approach and Results: Our results demonstrate that Slp2a is required for vascular lumen formation. Using a 3-dimensional sprouting assay, sub-cellular imaging, and zebrafish blood vessel development, we establish that Slp2a resides at the apical membrane acting as a tether for Rab27a that decorates Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). We show that Slp2a regulates exocytic activity of WPBs, thus regulating release of WPB contents into the luminal space during angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-2 is a Tie-2 receptor ligand that is selectively released from WPB secretory granules. We identify a critical role for angiopoietin-2 in regulating endothelial lumenization and show that in the absence of Slp2a, WPB contents cannot fuse with the apical membrane. This disrupts the release of angiopoietin-2 and blocks Tie-2 signaling necessary for proper lumen formation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel requirement of Slp2a for vascular lumen formation. Moreover, we show that Slp2a is required for the exocytic release of WPB secretory granule cargo during vascular lumen development, and thus is a core upstream component of the WPB secretory pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that WPB-housed angiopoietin-2 is required for vascular lumen formation.
Communication Efficient Federated Generalized Tensor Factorization for Collaborative Health Data Analytics

Modern healthcare systems knitted by a web of entities (e.g., hospitals, clinics, pharmacy companies) are collecting a huge volume of healthcare data from a large number of individuals with various medical procedures, medications, diagnosis, and lab tests. To extract meaningful medical concepts (i.e., phenotypes) from such higher-arity relational healthcare data, tensor factorization has been proven to be an effective approach and received increasing research attention, due to their intrinsic capability to represent the high-dimensional data. Recently, federated learning offers a privacy-preserving paradigm for collaborative learning among different entities, which seemingly provides an ideal potential to further enhance the tensor factorization-based collaborative phenotyping to handle sensitive personal health data. However, existing attempts to federated tensor factorization come with various limitations, including restrictions to the classic tensor factorization, high communication cost and reduced accuracy. We propose a communication efficient federated generalized tensor factorization, which is flexible enough to choose from a variate of losses to best suit different types of data in practice. We design a three-level communication reduction strategy tailored to the generalized tensor factorization, which is able to reduce the uplink communication cost up to 99.90%. In addition, we theoretically prove that our algorithm does not compromise convergence speed despite the aggressive communication compression. Extensive experiments on two real-world electronics health record datasets demonstrate the efficiency improvements in terms of computation and communication cost.
Did rest breaks help with acute fatigue among nursing staff on 12-h shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic? A cross-sectional study.

Aim This study aimed to explore whether 30-min rest breaks were as effective at lowering acute fatigue among 12-h shift hospital nursing staff who cared for patients with COVID-19 as among those who did not. Design The study was cross-sectional in design. Methods Data from the SAFE-CARE study collected online between May and June 2020 were used. A subsample (N = 338) comprised of nursing staff who reported working 12-h shifts, and providing direct patient care in hospitals was used in this study. Data on socio-demographics, work and rest breaks, and subjective measures of fatigue, psychological distress, sleep and health were used. Hierarchical multiple linear regression followed by stratified analyses was conducted to explore the relationships between rest breaks and acute fatigue among nursing staff groups with and without COVID-19 patient care. Results The sample, on average, had high acute fatigue. Around 72% reported providing care to patients with COVID-19, and 71% reported taking rest breaks 'sometimes', 'often' or 'always'. In the group that cared for patients with COVID-19, there was no significant relationship between rest breaks and acute fatigue (p = .507). In the group that cared for patients hospitalized for other reasons, rest breaks were associated with lower acute fatigue (p = .010). Conclusion Our findings showed both the importance and inadequacy of rest breaks in reducing acute fatigue. The process of within-work recovery is complex, and routine rest breaks should be facilitated by nursing management on hospital units during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact Rest breaks may present an effective strategy in lowering fatigue. Although rest breaks were not associated with less fatigue among staff caring for patients with COVID-19, other co-workers experienced some fatigue recovery. For frontline nursing staff, routine rest breaks are encouraged, and a systematic evaluation pertaining the sufficiency of rest breaks during high work demands in future research is needed.
The Art of the Clinician

Background: The promotion of clinical abilities could represent a significant factor leading the clinicians to in making the correct diagnosis in a timely matter. Case: Our patient is a 42-year-old African male with a history of Hypertension, ESRD on hemodialysis via right-sided Permcath (PC), Mastoidectomy & Right ear surgery due to trauma in childhood, AV Fistula (Needed intervention 4 times) in left upper extremity, admitted due to witnessed seizures in the setting of hypertensive emergency. The patient denied family history and toxic habits. While the patient was at the emergency room, CT head revealed stable curvilinear hyper-attenuation thought to be a thrombosed developmental vein more likely than small subarachnoid hemorrhage. He was loaded with levetiracetam, received Ativan 1mg IV and HD done as per Nephrology. The patient was transferred to the floor he was not in acute distress and was asymptomatic, the cardiovascular (CV) examination showed regular pulse, normal S1, S2, S4+ appreciated with 2/4 diastolic murmur at second right intercostal space (ICS); 2/6 pansystolic murmur at third right intercostal space left parasternal border (LPSB) radiated to the right parasternal border (RPSB) and right mid-clavicular line (MCL); 3/6 systolic murmur at 5LICS MCL radiated to the posterior axillar line (PAL). Point of maximal impulse (PMI) displaced to mid axillar line (MAL). Parasternal heave present; the neurological exam was preserved. Endocarditis was suspected and echocardiogram was expedited, it showed severe aortic regurgitation, 1.60cm x 1.68cm mass in the tip of the catheter in the right atrium, possible vegetation in the tricuspid valve with mild regurgitation, moderate mitral valve regurgitation. Later, staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in blood cultures twice, as well as the culture from the PC. The transesophageal echocardiogram found 2.41 X 0.62 cm mass appears to be a fibrin sheath, possibly remnant of a prior catheter, small perforation in the non-coronary cusp likely in the setting of healed endocarditis. Infectious disease onboard for antibiotic management. Conclusion: The art of the clinician goes beyond the available technology; it could prevent the loss of critical time as well as unnecessary studies, guiding a better assessment and treatment of our patients and potentially improving their outcomes.