cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Real Options Market-Based Approach to Increase Penetration of Renewables

We propose a framework for trading real options through which flexible sources are incentivized to mitigate the effect of renewable intermittence and show that such options can increase renewable penetration while ensuring the delivery of reliable power and guaranteeing that no market participants are worse-off. We consider that renewable generators are required to bid in a day-ahead market and incur a penalty if, in real-time, they are unable to meet their day-ahead schedule. As a hedge against uncertainty, these non-firm generators purchase options for reserve from sources of flexibility such as natural gas power plants (NGPPs) in an ex-ante options market. Through an option, NGPPs offer to reserve some fuel to be used in case of renewable shortage, while renewable generators purchase the right to request use of that reserve if needed. We solve for the optimal strategies for the generators in the coupled day-ahead and options markets and show that such options increase the amount of generation from renewable sources that is taken by the grid, and provide adequate payment for flexibility providers.
Repair of Pectus Carinatum

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for “pectus carinatum repair” as performed by the open approach. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as that found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: incision and creation of myocutaneous flaps, exposure of the deformed chest wall, excision of the malformed costal cartilages with osteotomies and cartilaginous interposition, sternal plating, perichondrial plication, and rib reapproximation and closure.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Review of Literature.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common medical condition that remains one of the most frequently reported forms of median nerve compression. CTS occurs when the median nerve is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist. The syndrome is characterized by pain in the hand, numbness, and tingling in the distribution of the median nerve. Risk factors for CTS include obesity, monotonous wrist activity, pregnancy, genetic heredity, and rheumatoid inflammation. The diagnosis of CTS is conducted through medical assessments and electrophysiological testing, although idiopathic CTS is the most typical method of diagnosis for patients suffering from these symptoms. The pathophysiology of CTS involves a combination of mechanical trauma, increased pressure, and ischemic damage to the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. The diagnosis of CTS patients requires the respective medical professional to develop a case history associated with the characteristic signs of CTS. In addition, the doctor may question whether the patients use vibratory objects for their tasks, the parts of the arm where the sensations are felt, or if the patient may already have predisposing factors for CTS incidence. During the diagnosis of CTS, it is essential to note that other conditions may also provide similar symptoms to CTS, thus requiring vigorous diagnosis to assert the medical condition of the patients. Doctors use both non-surgical and surgical treatments when addressing CTS. Non-surgical treatments include wrist splinting, change of working position, medications, and the use of alternative non-vibrating equipment at work. On the other hand, surgical methods include open release and endoscopic surgeries. This review of literature has provided an overview of CTS with an emphasis on anatomy, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, stages of CTS, diagnosis, and management options.
A cost model of communication in distributed tactical environment computations

One needs a good communication cost model to understand how best to optimize the off-loaded computation in a tactical environment. In practical scenarios, complications also arise from the in-band and out-of-band channel congestion interference. This can happen due to the intentional and/or unintentional adversary equipment and will affect both the nature of algorithms and the sequence of steps in their execution. As a first step towards solution of the above problems, we present a model for a multi-node tactical network with resource constraints with and without presence of some adversary nodes.
The influence on the quality of marital and life in the congenital absence of vagina patients with operation by psychological intervention

Objective To explore the influence on the quality of marital and life of the congenital absence of vagina patients with operation by psychological intervention.Methods The congenital absente of vagina patients were divided into psycholOgical intervened group(n=18,all cases were treated with the cognitive and behaviour therapy)and without intervened group(n=11).Before and after treatment the scores of the nottingham health poofity(NHP)were used in the two groups.After treatment the Olson's enrich questionary were tested also.Results The scores of NHP and Olson of psychological intervened group were significantly superior to those without intervened group(P＜0.05 or P＜0 01).Conclusion The cogntive and behaviour theraopy before operation is good for the quality of marital and life in congenital absence of vagina patients. Key words: Psychologicat intervention; Congenital absence of vagina; Vaginoplasty; Quality of life; Quality of marital
TTR gene silencing therapy in post liver transplant hereditary ATTR amyloidosis patients.

Patients with hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (hATTR) often experience disease progression after orthotopic liver transplant (POLT) due in part to wild type ATTR amyloid deposition. The ...
Two-Photon Absorption in Semiconductor Monolayers

Two-photon absorption in GaN monolayers is studied with a systematic many-body theory. A nearly perfect quantum efficiency for two-photon absorption is found in a cavity, and the results identify vitally important quantum-memory and intriguing Coulomb-enhancement effects.
Critical Remarks on Shapiro's Legality and the 'Grounding Turn' in Recent Jurisprudence

The essay discusses some difficulties in Scott Shapiro’s LEGALITY (2011). Many are well-known among specialists, but I set them out systematically here for the benefit of non-specialists. These include the mischaracterization of core jurisprudential questions in terms of “grounding” relations, which unfortunately erases the major natural law positions in the field (e.g., those of Finnis and Murphy), and results in a version of “positivism” that major legal positivists (e.g., Hart) do not accept; but also the false claims that: (1) “knowledge of law is normative” such that to say X has “a legal right is to draw a normative conclusion”; (2) officials have a legal obligation to follow the rule of recognition and; (3) Hart commits a “category mistake” in his discussion of social rules. The essay also criticizes Shapiro’s discussion of jurisprudential methodology and his (Dworkinian) attempt to show that the answer to jurisprudential questions matters to how courts should decide cases.
Sutureless Abdominal Closure in twin gastroschisis

Abstract Gastroschisis is the most common congenital abdominal wall defect and the incidence of gastroschisis is increasing globally. Twin gastroschisis remains an extremely rare phenomenon. We present a case of premature dizygotic twins with simple gastroschisis born at 33 weeks and 3 days gestation. Both twins underwent primary reduction and sutureless closure using the umbilical cord remnant. We describe our technique for sutureless closure and subsequent wound care management. Neither twin required general anesthesia, intubation, mechanical ventilation, or antibiotics as a direct result of their gastroschisis management, and both twins had swift progression to full oral feeds by day of life 25 and 29. They have both had good cosmetic results with small umbilical hernias. This case report highlights a rare twin pairing of a common congenital anomaly and underlines the benefits of the sutureless closure technique.
An Empirical Assessment of China’s Counterterrorism Efforts and Securitization of Turkic Muslims

Why does China view its Turkic Muslims as a security threat? Although scholars have written a good deal on China’s repression of minorities, the number of empirical studies about China’s ever-expan...
Responses of leached nitrogen concentrations and soil health to winter rye cover crop under no-till corn-soybean rotation in the northern Great Plains.

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important cover crop (CC) in the northern Great Plains (NGP), yet concerns over its establishment under the variable weather conditions of this region are an important limitation for its widespread adoption. This study evaluated the impacts of no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation with winter rye CC established in 2017 on (a) water quality (nitrate-N [NO3- -N], ammonia-N [NH4+ -N], and total nitrogen [TN]) and (b) soil health parameters at the 0-to-15-cm depth. Data showed that rye CC biomass was 251 kg ha-1 in 2018, 1,213 kg ha-1 in 2019, and 147 kg ha-1 in 2020, coinciding with contrasting growing degree days for rye CC (i.e., 1,458, 2,042, and 794, respectively), as a consequence of variable weather conditions. Water quality was not affected for the periods when rye growth was <300 kg ha-1 . In the season when rye CC had greater biomass (1,213 kg ha-1 ), significant reductions in leached NO3- -N (19-20%) and TN (8.5-16%) concentrations were observed due to greater N uptake by rye CC (18.8 kg N ha-1 ). Rye CC showed significantly (p ≤ .05) higher microbially active carbon ( ∼13%) and water-extractable organic N(∼11%) than the control treatment. Nonsignificant impacts on soil health indicators due to rye CC showed that the study duration (3 yr) may not be sufficient to see the beneficial impacts of CCs on soils. However, significant reductions in leached NO3- -N and TN concentrations for one (2019) out of three study years suggest that rye with optimal growth has the potential of reducing N leaching and enhancing soil health for the NGP region.
The Role of Il-12 and Type I Interferon in Governing the Magnitude of CD8 T Cell Responses

Antigen-specific CD8 T cells provide an important protective role in response to infection by viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites. Pathogen-specific CD8 T cells render this protection by undergoing robust expansion in numbers while gaining the ability to produce cytokines and cytolytic machinery. Creating optimal CD8 T cell responses to infection can be critical for raising sufficient armament to provide protection against invading intracellular pathogens. Although CD8 T cells have protective value, many vaccine strategies tend to focus on creating productive B cell antibody responses to promote immunological protection. Even though antibody responses can be highly protective, coupling optimal CD8 T cell responses with suboptimal B cell responses could provide higher orders of protection than either one on their own. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the pathways that ultimately guide the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses is required to explore this potential therapeutic benefit. The following chapter highlights our current understanding of how inflammatory cytokines regulate the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses.
Identity Before Identity Politics: The culture concept and social identity

“Culture,” in its anthropological sense, provided a functionally equivalent substitute for the older idea of “race temperament.” It explained all the same phenomena, but it did so in strictly non biological terms … (George W. Stocking, Jr.) In the previous chapter I described one type of challenge to the late nineteenth-century use of nature to sort social groups, that made by dynamic psychology. This new turn in psychology, and its growing appeal outside of the academy, contributed to an increased sense within popular thought that individual character is the unique outcome of a variety of environmental interactions rather than a “bundled” set of attributes emanating from inherited, natural givens. Thus, the emphasis in dynamic psychology on the environmental causes of character expressed a new appreciation that, for all, character is more individual than group based. In this chapter I want to look at another means by which the employment of identity labels to differentially rank human beings began to unravel in the early and mid part of the twentieth century. I want to look at changes in the use of a particular concept, “culture,” as playing a particularly important role in this unraveling. In this case, the move did not suggest a greater individuality of identity, but rather a greater equivalence in the value of the practices of different social groups. “Culture” described many of the practices previously associated with racial identity as less naturally acquired.
Identification of a Role for the Tyrosine Kinase JAK2 in Both Skeletal Muscle Mitogenesis and Myogenesis

This study was conducted to investigate what roles JAK2 might play in skeletal myoblast proliferation and terminal differentiation.These results represent the first characterization of the requirement of JAK2 in skeletal muscle proliferation, and suggest a novel role, potentially independent of kinase activity, for JAK2 in skeletal muscle myogenesis.
Phantom Limb Pain

Phantom limb sensation refers to the perception of a variety of physical feelings in a part of the body that has been removed. Although this is generally associated with limb amputation, phantom sensations have also been reported in women following mastectomy and in certain spinal cord injuries. Phantom limb sensations can include an “awareness” of the missing limb in its usual position or a sense that the affected limb is an unusual size (either too large or too small), is moving, is in an unusual position, is wrapped in cotton, or is wet. Phantom pain, or phantom limb pain, is a subtype of phantom limb sensation in which these perceptions are perceived as noxious. Although there are numerous historical examples of phantom limb pain, the term itself is generally credited to the U.S. Army physician Silas Weir Mitchell, who in 1872 described that “thousands of spirit limbs were haunting as many good soldiers, every now and then tormenting them.” Keywords: health psychology; pain; phantom pain; somatoform disorder
Predicting privacy settings with a user-centered approach

People are connecting and sharing large amounts of personal information through social media sites, cloud and health services, and other online applications. Users often manage their interactions and information disclosures on these sites using a variety of privacy settings. The use of privacy settings on social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook has been extensively studied. Researchers have found that users have many friends and desire to selectively share with multiple audiences. However, users struggle to manage their privacy settings as they are quite complex and the structure of the settings changes frequently. As a result, users can share information more broadly than intended, even within the “friend” group, resulting in embarrassment or regret. Rather than adjust confusing privacy settings, users may resort to various coping mechanisms such as censoring their disclosures.
Analysis of post-transoral robotic-assisted surgery hemorrhage: Frequency, outcomes, and prevention.

Background Transoral robotic-assisted surgery (TORS) carries a small, but not insignificant, risk of life-threatening postsurgical hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to analyze all post-TORS hemorrhagic events at our institution to establish preventative recommendations. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 224 consecutive patients who underwent TORS for any indication at a single tertiary care institution. Results Twenty-two patients (n = 22; 9.82%) had varying degrees of postoperative bleeding. An impaired ability to protect the airway at the time of hemorrhage increased the rate of severe complications. Prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation did not significantly decrease overall postoperative bleeding rates (9.1% vs 9.9%; p = 1.00); however, there was a trend toward decreased hemorrhage severity in prophylactically ligated patients (3.0% vs 7.3%; p = .7040). Conclusion Prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation may reduce the incidence of severe bleeding following TORS. Post-TORS patients displaying an inability to protect the airway should be strongly considered for prophylactic tracheostomy to assist airway protection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Reconfigurable linear feedback register design, analysis and applications

This paper presents a design technique for reconfigurable linear feedback registers (RLFSR's) that are capable of operating with different compression polynomials for the purpose of output response compression into a signature and reducing aliasing over standard LFSR's. >
Legal and Ethical Issues Involving the Duty to Warn

Abstract The issue of duty to warn has been addressed in legal cases as well as within the mental health profession. This duty resulted from the landmark decision of the California Supreme Court in the case of Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California when the court ruled that therapists have a legal obligation to warn intended victims of impending danger from their clients. Currently, the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics (1995) stipulates to members the ethical obligation to assess clear and imminent danger of clients and notify responsible authorities. The Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) Standards for Counselor Supervision (1989) stipulate that supervisors should communicate to their supervisees an understanding of both legal and ethical issues. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the landmark case Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California (1974) and a review of other court cases related to specific issues raised by this case. The pape...
Multi-path selection for multiple description encoded video streaming

This paper presents a new framework for multimedia streaming that integrates the application and network layer functionalities to meet such stringent application requirements as delay and loss. The coordination between these two layers provides more robust media transmission even under severe network conditions. In this framework, a multiple description source coder is used to produce multiple independently-decodable streams that are routed over partially link-disjoint (non-shared) path to combat bursty packet losses. We model multi-path streaming and propose a multi-path streaming and propose a multi-path selection method that chooses a set of paths maximizing the overall quality at the client. Overlay infrastructure is then used to achieve multi-path routing over these selected paths. The simulation results show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improves by up to 8.1 dB, if the same source video is routed over intelligently selected multiple paths instead of the shortest path or maximally link-disjoint paths. In addition to PSNR improvement in quality, the end-user experiences a more continual steaming quality.
Post-operative acute kidney injury in Stanford Type A aortic dissection

Results Mean age was 52 ± 12 years. In-hospital peri-operative mortality was 12.9%. Mean aortic cross-clamp time was 124 ± 72 minutes; mean duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) was 47 ± 30 minutes. 25.8% of patients developed post-operative acute kidney injury. 6.5% required temporary renal replacement therapy. Preoperative renal impairment and presence of ischemic heart disease were significant predictors of the need for post-operative hemodialysis. Pre-operative serum creatinine level was a statistical significant risk factor of elevated serum creatinine on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postoperative day. Duration of DHCA, cardiopulmonary bypass time and body surface area were significant predictors of elevated serum creatinine on the 1st postoperative day. Aortic cross-clamp time correlated significantly wit duration of hemodialysis (p=0.041). Presence of pre-operative renal impairment correlated significantly with the need for hemodialysis (p=0.035). Intra-operative urine output did not correlate significantly with postoperative serum creatinine (p=0.055) or the duration of hemodialysis (p=0.392).
Outlaws or in-laws? Queer theory, LGBT studies, and religious studies.

SUMMARY Many queer theorists, like many queer activists and perhaps many LGBT people in general, regard religion as so inimical to their purposes and lives that it is not even worthy of critique; references to religion in queer theory, queer studies, and even LGBT studies are usually sparse, brief, and generally derogatory. Likewise, within most of the field of religious studies, queerness is rarely an issue of concern or even consciousness except in the context of organizational tensions over the proper roles of “homosexuals.” While there is a growing body of work that brings these two fields together, the study of religion seems to be adapting only haltingly and partially to contemporary developments in LGBT studies and queer theory. This essay assesses the current state of the “proto-fields” of LGBT studies and queer studies in religion, offers suggestions for new directions in the future, and considers the potential benefits of the interaction of these fields.
Latitude and Relative Growth in the Razor Clam, Siliqua Patula

1. The present paper is a study of the growth of a clam ( Siliqua patula ) under natural conditions and over a wide range of latitude. 2. Various constants derived from the growth data are compared for the different localities. For this species, over the range considered, growth in the southern localities as compared with the northern is initially more rapid but less sustained, leads to a smaller total length and is associated with a shorter life span. 3. Reasons are presented for considering the relative growth-rate as a particularly significant constant leading to more sound biological conclusions than the use of the absolute growth-rate. 4. On the basis of the relative growth-rate, current mathematical expressions for the course of growth are discussed and a formula used which emphasises Minot's conception of a growth-rate constantly declining with age. This expression L = Be - ce - ce - kt , in which L = length at time t , e = base of natural logarithms, and B , c and k are constants, is found to graduate the extensive data in clam growth with significant accuracy. Published with the permission of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries.
From an Ethics of Rationing to an Ethics of Waste Avoidance

Waste in U.S. health care — spending on interventions that don't benefit patients — amounts to at least 30% of health care spending and is a major driver of cost increases. So the ethical debate about cost containment is shifting focus from rationing to waste avoidance.
The Philosophy and Practice of Patient Control in Hospice: The Dynamics of Autonomy versus Paternalism

The hospice philosophy of care for the terminally ill emphasizes patients' control over their remaining time. This article is based on approximately three years of participant observation research in several hospice settings where the practice of providing patients control, or autonomy, during their remaining life and dying was explored. The findings suggest that, despite the best efforts of hospice staff, attempts to fulfill the goals of this philosophy were constrained by several factors: efforts at symptom control, patient residence, patient disease state, and staff limit setting. Examples, implications, and the staff's attempts at solution are discussed.
Odynophagia in patients with malignant disorders

The differential diagnosis of odynophagia in patients with malignant disorders usually includes esophagitis due to herpes, Candida, or gastroesophageal reflux. Two cases and a review of the literature are presented that illustrate that leukemic infiltration of the esophagus and necrosis of the esophageal mucosa following chemotherapy should be considered in addition to the more commonly recognized causes. Esophagoscopy with biopsy and brushing for fungal stains is essential for the correct diagnosis since the various causes for odynophagia may be clinically and radiographically indistinguishable.
On the characteristics of extreme values for series systems

Abstract This paper investigates the characteristics of extreme events for series systems. A methodology is developed to determine the Gumbel Type of a series system, given that the Gumbel Types of the components are known. Determining the propagation of the Gumbel Types can be accomplished without knowing the exact probability density functions of the components and without calculating the analytic form for the distribution of the overall system. In addition, an analytical technique is developed to determine the parameters of the extreme value distribution—the characteristic largest value, and the inverse measure of dispersion—for the overall series system. Finally, these three pieces of information—the Gumbel Type, the characteristic largest value, and the inverse measure of dispersion—are combined to calculate a conditional expected value of extreme events of the overall series system.
Semantic emphasis in causal sentences

A shift in emphasis can change the truth-value of a singular causal sentence. This poses a challenge to the view that singular sentences predicate a relation. I argue that emphasized causal sentences conjoin predication of a causal relation between events with predication of a relation of causal relevance between states of affairs (or perhaps facts). This is superior to the treatments of such sentences offered by Achinstein, Dretske, Kim, Sanford, Bennett, and Levin. My proposal affords clarity regarding logical structure, at least at a certain level of detail. It makes the relation between the content of an emphasized causal sentence and the unemphasized version clear. It answers some questions about the ontological requirements of the truth of emphasized causal sentences, without introducing new entities (as do some other accounts) or unacceptable consequences for identity and individuation of events.
The Determinants of Educational Attainment: Modeling and Estimating the Human Capital Model and Education Production Functions

This paper develops and estimates a theoretical model of an individual's high school graduation choice. The model incorporates the idea of a utility-maximizing youth responding to the economic incentives associated with incremental education, as posited by the human capital literature. However, it also allows for family, neighborhood, and school characteristics to affect the process of being educated, as posited by the education production function literature. Estimation of the model, using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) supplemented with neighborhood and school data, indicates that indeed students respond to economic incentives in making education choices; however, most of the effects of background characteristics are working through the education process rather than affecting returns to schooling.
Smoking habits in adolescents with mild to moderate asthma.

To study the impact of mild to moderate asthma on smoking habits in adolescents. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that asthma does not prevent adolescents from smoking. A research questionnaire, filled by a systematic sample of military personnel upon enrolment to service in the Israeli Defense Force (IDF), was analyzed. Conscripts were asked to voluntarily fill (after obtaining a signed informed consent) a research questionnaire about their medical history, and several health related topics including smoking. This database was matched with the military medical profile of the soldier, which includes the patient asthma status. Overall, 38,047 young adults were included in this study. There was a significant increase in the rate of mild to moderate asthma, from the mid-1980's to date. During the 1980's and early 1990's, asthmatics smoked significantly less frequently (20–22%) than non-asthmatics (25–27%). In the mid- to late-1990's, the smoking rates increased relatively more in asthmatics, to the point that in the last 8 years of this study, they were found to be almost identical in both groups, at a rate of approximately 30%. The presence of asthma is not a powerful motivating agent to prevent from smoking. It is likely that smoking asthmatic teenagers are at risk for suboptimal lung growth, and as young adults, they will become at greater risk of lung function deterioration. We suggest that primary care physicians, caring for asthma in children, adolescents, and young adults, should explain the particular risks generated by tobacco smoking. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relative incidence of blepharoptosis subtypes in an oculoplastics practice at a tertiary care center.

AbstractPurpose: In patients referred with blepharoptosis, the possibility of an underlying systemic cause for their ptosis can warrant a more detailed evaluation. The purpose of this study is to determine both the incidence and demographic characteristics associated with different types of ptosis in patients referred to the oculoplastics division at a tertiary care center.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients referred to the oculoplastics division between 2007 and 2010. Final etiology for each patient’s ptosis was determined based on history, standard eyelid measurements, and ancillary testing. Based on etiology, ptosis was categorized as aponeurotic, neurogenic, myogenic, traumatic, congenital, or mechanical. Demographics, including median age and sex were analyzed for patients in each category of ptosis.Results: Of the 251 patients, aponeurotic ptosis was the most common type of ptosis (60.2%), followed by traumatic (11.2%), congenital (10.4%), mechanical (8.8%), neurogeni...
A minibead method to study cell surface receptors for various proteins coupled to latex particles

A method is described in which various proteins are linked covalently to amide-modified polystyrene latex minibeads (0.345 μ m). The minibeads are then used as markers to identify, quantitate, and delineate the topography of the protein receptors on the cell surface in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to make time sequence observations on their internalization in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The beads are first activated by glutaraldehyde and then coupled to the protein. Optimal conditions were determined by coupling human serum albumin to the minibeads. Bead activation was best at 37°C when incubated for 24–48 hr with 5% glutaraldehyde. Coupling of the activated beads to the test protein occurred optimally at 22°C and at an incubation time of 6 hr. The recommended protein concentration is 200 μ g/mg minibeads. Using this method, transcobalamin II, transferrin, or insulin linked to minibeads was, respectively, incubated with mouse L1210 cells, rat reticulocytes, and adipocytes. Covalently bound proteins retained their biological activities and from TEM and SEM findings, evidence for receptor-mediated transport process was also obtained. This method provides advantages over the previously used protein markers for localization and delineation of the topography of cell surface receptors, in that (a) it permits covalent binding between protein and the marker, (b) the derivatized protein is structurally stable and retains its biologic activity, (e) the beads are submicrometer in size and permit the delineation of topography of receptors in SEM, and (d) the small size of the beads also permits observations on their internalization in TEM.
Developmental cell cohesion in Stigmatella aurantiaca

Cells of the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca increased in cohesiveness during the aggregation stage of fruiting body formation. Cell cohesion was genus specific, as determined by suspending S. aurantiaca cells with other bacteria and measuring their inclusion in the cell clumps. Cohesion between aggregating cells became resistant to moderate shear stresses (vortex mixing) approximately at the aggregate stage. Cells harvested prior to the appearance of aggregates formed shear sensitive followed by shear resistant cohesions in cell suspension.
Preparation, Characterization and Solubility Product Constant of AmOHCO3

An investigation into the nature and solubility of a stable solid phase formed by a trivalent actinide, 243Am3+, in dilute aqueous carbonate solutions was conducted. The compound exhibited an x-ray powder diffraction pattern which was nearly identical to that reported for NdOHCO3 — type A. The pattern could be indexed in the orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters a = 4.958, b = 8.487, and c = 7.215 A. The steady state solubility of the compound was determined from the results of both dissolution and precipitation experiments. The average solubility product quotient for 0.1M ionic strength, 25 ± 1°C and 1 atmosphere pressure was found to be 583 ± 206. The solubility product constant for zero ionic strength was estimated to be 335 ± 120.
Adenosine triphosphate breakdown during a single isotonic twitch of frog sartorius muscle.

Abstract Recent work has shown that 1-fluoro 2,4 dinitro-benzene (FDNB) can inhibit creatine phosphoryltransferase in , situ in isolated frog muscle. This made possible the first direct demonstration of the breakdown of amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) quantitatively sufficient to account for the work done in a single smooth tetanic contraction of electrically stimulated frog rectus abdominis muscle. (Cain and Davies 1962) However, this muscle is slow and does not show classical twitch responses, so experiments have now been carried out with the intensively studied sartorius muscle which is fast and can perform normal twitches as well as tetanic contractions.
Neuronotrophic activities accumulate in vivo within silicone nerve regeneration chambers.

Abstract Rat sciatic nerves can be transected and their proximal and distal stumps sutured into the openings of cylindrical silicone chambers. Anatomical regeneration has been demonstrated across 10 mm long chambers containing both stumps, although little or no axonal outgrowth occurs in chambers omitting the distal stump or exceeding the 10 mm length. We have previously shown that chambers containing both proximal and distal stumps accumulate within days of implantation a clear fluid containing neuronotrophic factors (NTFs) directed to neurons from neonatal mouse dorsal root ganglia. We report here that these chamber fluids also have considerable neuronotrophic activity for chick embryo neurons from embryologic day 4 (E4) lumbar spinal cord, E12 sympathetic ganglia, E12 (but not E8) dorsal root ganglia and E8 ciliary ganglia. Thus, the neuronal types supported by trophic factors of these fluids include all those which contribute axons to the sciatic nerve, namely sensory, spinal motor, and sympathetic. In fluid collected 1 week after implantation, NTF levels directed to different neurons varied independently from one another in chambers with different nerve insertions, suggesting that these activities reside in separate factors. Fluid collected from chamber arrangements allowing little proximal fiber regrowth did not always contain correspondingly lower titers of NTFs. However, generally higher titers of all NTFs were found in chambers containing either or both nerve stumps that in nerve-free chambers. Fluids collected from nerve-containing chambers were subjected to heat, dialysis or trypsin treatments. The behavior of their neuronotrophic activities suggests their association with proteins.
Ideología partidaria, competencia electoral y elección de legisladoras en cinco democracias latinoamericanas: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Perú y Uruguay, 1980-2013

Las mujeres han hecho enormes progresos en su incorporacion a la arena politica. No obstante, el ritmo de esa incorporacion ha sido desigual. El presente articulo analiza los efectos de la ideologia partidaria y de las caracteristicas de la competencia electoral sobre la eleccion de mujeres en cargos legislativos, en cinco democracias latinoamericanas a lo largo de tres decadas. Los resultados brindan evidencia del efecto de factores partidarios (ideologia) e institucionales (tipos de lista), al tiempo que pone en duda el efecto de otros factores aseverados por la literatura, tales como la magnitud de distrito y la magnitud partidaria.
The ordering of atoms in the chi-phase of the iron-chromium-molybdenum system

Abstract The crystal structure of the “chi”-phase of composition Fe35Cr12Mo10 has been investigated by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction from powdered specimens. It is found that the structure is of an ordered α-Mn type. Mo atoms occupy those sites for which the volume per atom is largest, and Cr atoms tend to segregate in the larger of the remaining positions.
Field ionization within the forbidden zone

Abstract Mass spectra of helium and neon obtained by field ionization in the presence of hydrogen or another low ionization potential gas contain lines indicating noble gas ions with energies exceeding those of the ordinary field ions by 16 or 13 eV, respectively. These ions originate from the apex-adsorbed state within the forbidden zone following excitation by impinging electrons from free-space ionization of the auxiliary gas.
Mitochondria and vascular lesions as a central target for the development of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer disease-like pathology in transgenic mice.

Abstract Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that the AD brain is characterized by impairments in energy metabolism, and vascular hypoperfusion, whereby oxidative stress appears to be an especially important contributor to neuronal death and development of AD pathology. We hypothesized that mitochondria play a key role in the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative damage to neuronal cell bodies, as well as other cellular compartments in the AD brain. All of these changes have been found to accompany AD pathology. In this review we have outlined recent evidence from the literature and our own original studies concerning the role of mitochondrial abnormalities and vascular damage in the pathogenesis of AD and AD-like pathology in transgenic mice (as a model for human AD). We examined ultrastructural features of vascular lesions and mitochondria from vascular wall cells in human AD brain biopsies, in human short post-mortem brain tissues and in yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and...
Regional variation of suicide in Austria.

No social correlates were identified for the suicide rates of the 9 Austrian Bundeslander in 1990. Language: en
Identification of an active site-bound nitrile hydratase intermediate through single turnover stopped-flow spectroscopy.

Stopped-flow kinetic data were obtained for the iron-type nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2 (ReNHase) using methacrylonitrile as the substrate. Multiple turnover experiments suggest a three-step kinetic model that allows for the reversible binding of substrate, the presence of an intermediate, and the formation of product. Microscopic rate constants determined from these data are in good agreement with steady state data confirming that the stopped-flow method used was appropriate for the reaction. Single turnover stopped-flow experiments were used to identify catalytic intermediates. These data were globally fit confirming a three-step kinetic model. Independent absorption spectra acquired between 0.005 and 0.5 s of the reaction reveal a significant increase in absorbance at 375, 460, and 550 nm along with the hypsochromic shift of an Fe3+←S ligand-to-metal charge transfer band from 700 to 650 nm. The observed UV-visible absorption bands for the Fe3+-nitrile intermediate species are similar to low spin Fe3+-enzyme and model complexes bound by NO or N3−. These data provide spectroscopic evidence for the direct coordination of the nitrile substrate to the nitrile hydratase active site low spin Fe3+ center. Background: No direct evidence exists for the direct coordination of nitrile to the Fe3+ active site in nitrile hydratases. Results: The first Fe3+-nitrile intermediate species is reported using stopped-flow spectroscopy. Conclusion: These data establish that the direct ligation of the nitrile substrate occurs during catalytic turnover. Significance: Understanding the catalytic mechanism of nitrile hydratases is critical to harness their bioremediation and industrial potential.
Sequential subtractive approach facilitates identification of differentially expressed genes

Abstract In order to identify the genes expressed during calcium oxalate crystal formation, we devised a sequential subtractive protocol that allows for efficient isolation of rare differentially expressed transcripts. This new protocol combines the beneficial elements of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), subtractive hybridization (SH), and differential screening into a single method. The protocol was designed to increase retention of rare transcripts, efficiently remove unwanted transcripts, have the capacity to analyze numerous transcripts simultaneously, and reduce the number of false positives. The potential for this method was demonstrated through the identification of several transcripts that were differentially expressed in two c alcium o xalate d efective (cod) Medicago truncatula mutants: cod 4 (which has abundant crystal accumulation) and cod 5 (which lacks crystal accumulation). Transcripts were isolated that showed higher steady-state levels in cod 4 than cod 5. The observed differences in transcript levels appeared to occur via two different mechanisms. In most cases, the higher transcript levels were a result of an increase in the amount of transcript present in cod 4. In one instance, however, the higher steady-state transcript level resulted from a decrease in the amount of transcript present in cod 5 rather than an increase in cod 4. The protocol described is well suited for the identification of rare transcripts from complex transcript pools
The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of stitch granulomas following paediatric herniotomy.

Objective. To study the role of US in the diagnosis of stitch granulomas following paediatric herniotomy. Materials and methods. A retrospective 10-year study of herniotomies performed by a paediatric surgical service. Results. Twenty children developed stitch granulomas following herniotomy. In all cases, silk sutures had been used in the repair. Masses appeared 1–10 years following surgery and were demonstrated by preoperative US in 17 patients, by CT alone in 1 patient and by both CT and US in 2 patients. Conclusions. US is an accurate and cost-effective method for evaluating stitch granulomas following herniotomy in children. The procedure is also valuable in marking the position of these foreign bodies prior to removal.
Comparison of the mutations at Hprt exon 3 of T-lymphocytes from B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats exposed by inhalation to 1,3-butadiene or the racemic mixture of 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane.

Experiments were conducted to define the spectra of mutations occurring in Hprt exon 3 of T-cells isolated from spleens of female B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats exposed by inhalation to 1,3-butadiene (BD) or its reactive metabolite, (+/-)-diepoxybutane (DEB). Hprt mutant frequencies (Mfs) in BD-exposed (1250 ppm for 2 weeks or 625 ppm for 4 weeks; 6 h/day, 5 days/week) and DEB-exposed (2 or 4 ppm for 4 weeks or 5 ppm for 6 weeks; 6 h/day, 5 days/week) mice and rats were significantly increased over concurrent control values. Mutant T-cell colonies from control and treated animals were screened for mutations in Hprt exon 3 using PCR amplification of genomic DNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, followed by sequence analysis. Exon 3 mutations were found at the following frequencies: 20/394 (5%) in control mice, 56/712 (8%) in BD-exposed mice, 59/1178 (5%) in BD-exposed rats, 66/642 (10%) in DEB-exposed mice, and 51/732 (7%) in DEB-exposed rats. Mutations in exposed animals included base substitutions, small deletions (1 to 74 bp), and small insertions (1 to 8 bp), with base substitutions predominating. Among the types of base substitutions observed in mice, the proportions of G.C-->A.T transitions (p=0.035, Fisher's Exact Test) and G.C-->C.G transversions (p=0.05) were significantly different in control vs. BD-exposed animals. Given the small number of exon 3 mutants analyzed, there was a high degree of overlap in the mutational spectra between BD-exposed mice and rats, between BD- and DEB-exposed mice, and between BD- and DEB-exposed rats in terms of the sites with base substitutions, the mutations found at those mutated sites, the relative occurrence of the most frequently observed base substitutions, and the occurrence of a consistent strand bias for the most frequently observed base substitutions. The spectra data suggest that adduction of both G.C and A.T bps is important in the induction of in vivo mutations by BD metabolites in exposed mice and rats.
On searching transposed files

A transposed file is a collection of nonsequential files called subfiles. Each subfile contains selected attribute data for all records. It is shown that transposed file performance can be enhanced by using a proper strategy to process queries. Analytic cost expressions for processing conjunctive, disjunctive, and batched queries are developed and an effective heuristic for minimizing query processing costs is presented. Formulations of the problem of optimally processing queries for a particular family or transposed files are shown to be NP-complete. Query processing performance comparisons of multilist, inverted, and nonsequential files with transposed files are also considered.
Distributed Neural Systems for the Generation of Visual Images

Visual perception of houses, faces, and chairs evoke differential responses in ventral temporal cortex. Using fMRI, we compared activations evoked by perception and imagery of these object categories. We found content-related activation during imagery in extrastriate cortex, but this activity was restricted to small subsets of the regions that showed category-related activation during perception. Within ventral temporal cortex, activation during imagery evoked stronger responses on the left whereas perception evoked stronger responses on the right. Additionally, visual imagery evoked activity in parietal and frontal cortex, but this activity was not content related. These results suggest that content-related activation during imagery in visual extrastriate cortex may be implemented by "top-down" mechanisms in parietal and frontal cortex that mediate the retrieval of face and object representations from long-term memory and their maintenance through visual imagery.
Structures of two cockroach neuropeptides assigned by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Abstract Amino acid sequences have been assigned to two cockroach neuropeptides (Glu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH 2 , M I, and Glu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH 2 , M II) by application of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, including high resolution and linked scan (metastable) studies. The peptides show considerable homology with two other invertebrate neuropeptides, adipokinetic hormone (AKH, from a locust) and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH, from a prawn), whose fast atom bombardment spectra were also studied. M I and M II are thus members of a family of structurally-related invertebrate neuropeptides.