cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversal of reentry and acceleration due to double-wave reentry: Two mechanisms for failure to terminate tachycardias by rapid pacing

Objectives. We sought to demonstrate mechanisms by which rapid pacing can cause conduction block without terminating reentry. Background. Rapid pacing can fail to terminate or can accelerate tachycardias in patients. Mechanisms for these responses are poorly understood. Methods. We studied reentry in the canine atrial tricuspid ring and a left ventricular ring in vitro in 12 preparations. Activations were recorded from 10 sites around the ring, and monophasic action potentials were recorded from critical sites of block. Rapid pacing at cycle lengths that intermittently caused conduction block was performed at multiple sites. Results. Action potential alternans contributed to block of an orthodromic impulse during rapid pacing. When pacing continued for two stimuli after orthodromic block, a second episode of block could reverse the direction of tachycardia. Continued pacing at this site was likely to produce block of an antidromic impulse, which may initiate double-wave reentry. Double-wave reentry could be sustained or nonsustained. Its cycle length was 56% to 77% of the single-wave cycle length. The ratio of double-wave cycle length to single-wave cycle length was inversely correlated with the relative excitable gap (p < 0.01). Double-wave reentry can be a mechanism for persistent cycle length alteration during tachycardia. Conclusions. Successful termination of reentry by rapid pacing required block of an orthodromic impulse and stopping pacing within one stimulus after orthodromic block. Reversal of reentry makes the circuit resistant to termination from this site of pacing. Antidromic block can cause acceleration due to double-wave ree
Performance analysis of microthrusters based on coupled thermal-fluid modeling and simulation

Gas flow and performance characteristics of a high-temperature micro-electronically machined systems (MEMS)-based thruster are studied using a coupled thermal-fluid analysis. The material thermal response governed by the transient-heat-conduction equation is obtained by the finite element method. The low-Reynolds number gas flow in the microthruster is modeled by the direct simulation Monte Carlo approach. The effects of Reynolds number, thermal boundary conditions, and micronozzle height are considered in detail. The predicted thrust and mass-discharge coefficient of the three-dimensional microthruster under different flow conditions decrease with time as the viscous losses increase for higher wall temperatures.
Protein kinase C phosphorylation of PLCβ1 regulates its cellular localization

Abstract Activation of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) by G proteins leads to a chain of events that result in an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). It has been found that PKC phosphorylates PLCβ1 on S887 in vitro without affecting its enzymatic activity or its ability to be activated by Gα(q) proteins. To understand whether S887 phosphorylation affects the enzyme’s activity in cells, we constructed two mutants that mimic the wild type and PKC-phosphorylated enzymes (S887A and S887D). We find that these constructs bind similarly to Gα(q) in vitro. When expressed in HEK293 cells, both mutants associate identically to Gα(q) in both the basal and stimulated states. Both mutants diffuse with similar rates and also interact identically with another known binding partner, translin-associated factor X (TRAX), which associates with PLCβ1 in the cytosol and nucleus. However, the two mutants localize differently in the cell. We find that S887A has a much higher nuclear localization than its S887D counterpart both in HEK293 cells and PC12 cells. Our studies suggest that PKC phosphorylation regulates the level of PLCβ1 cytosolic and nuclear activity by regulating its cellular compartmentalization.
Performance analysis of noncoherent DS-CDMA systems in a Nakagami fading channel with arbitrary parameters

Code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are actively being considered for use in mobile environments. New semianalytical expressions for the bit error rate of an asynchronous direct sequence CDMA system employing noncoherent binary demodulation formats in a Nakagami fading multipath channel are derived. Two binary demodulation schemes are considered, namely, the differential phase shift keying and the square-law demodulation with orthogonal spreading sequences. In each case the analysis assumes that an arbitrary number of independent but nonidentical resolvable paths are combined by the RAKE receiver. The results show that the effect of nonidentical fading on system performance cannot be ignored in such systems.
Mediating Literacy Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children With Special Needs

The purpose of this article is to: (a) describe sources of variability in reading and spelling performance of children learning English as a second language, with a specific emphasis on Spanish-speaking children; (b) encourage teachers and clinicians to consider these differences when developing intervention plans; and (c) suggest specific intervention procedures that might facilitate development of reading and spelling skills of Spanish-speaking children with language difficulties and limited English proficiency. An integrated approach to intervention is highlighted that addresses reading and spelling as reciprocal processes. Implementation of this approach is presented using various contexts for learning and strategies specific to developing second-language reading and writing skills.
Birth dates and survival after axotomy of neurochemically defined subsets of trigeminal ganglion cells.

Trigeminal (V) ganglion cells with different neurochemical phenotypes or different birth dates are affected differently by neonatal axonal transection. The aim of the present study was to determine if V ganglion cell birth date and neurochemical phenotype were correlated and if these two variables could be related to responses to neonatal axonal transection. Immunocytochemistry, histochemistry, and [3H] thymidine labelling were used to determine the birth dates of V ganglion cells recognized by antibodies directed against neurofilament protein (NF), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) and those that bound the lectin Bandierea simplicifolia-I (BS-I). All V ganglion cells were born between embryonic days (E-) 9.5 and 14.5. All ganglion cells were born between E-9.5 and E-14.5. In a normalized population (percentages normalized to equal 100%), over 90% of NF-positive V ganglion cells were born between E-10.5 and E-12.5. The majority of CGRP-positive and SP-positive ganglion cells (> 90%) were generated from E-13.5 to E-14.5 and E-12.5 through E-14.5, respectively. Almost 85% of BS-I-positive ganglion cells were generated on E-12.5 through E-14.5. Previous results and additional data from this study indicated that NF- and BS-I-positive ganglion cells are proportionally more likely to be lost after neonatal axotomy and that SP-positive cells are more likely to remain. The percentage of CGRP-positive cells in the V ganglion was not significantly altered by neonatal infraorbital nerve transection. Overall, these findings do not indicate a strong relationship between cell birth date and the probability of survival after neonatal axonal damage for all V ganglion cell phenotypes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
List scheduling with and without communication delays

Abstract Empirical results have shown that the classical critical path (CP) list scheduling heuristic for task graphs is a fast and practical heuristic when communication cost is zero. In the first part of this paper we study the theoretical properties of the CP heuristic that lead to its near optimum performance in practice. In the second part we extend the CP analysis to the problem of ordering the task execution when the processor assignment is given and communication cost is nonzero. We propose two new list scheduling heuristics, the RCP and RCP∗ that use critical path information and ready list priority scheduling. We show that the performance properties for RCP and RCP∗, when communication is nonzero, are similar to CP when communication is zero. Finally, we present an extensive experimental study and optimality analysis of the heuristics which verifies our theoretical results.
Passivity and Activity in Intentional Actions

Traditional views of the nature of intentional action typically agree that an action is intentional just in case it was intended and a certain connection exists between the intention and the action. However, there is typically disagreement as to (1) what in intention is, (2) what intending is, (3) what the required connection between intention and action is, and (4) what is the nature of the action itself. Thus, theories have been produced in response to (1) thru (4). An intention might be a first-person proposition containing an action verb in the future tense, or it might be Abstract special sort of prediction about the agent featuring an adverbial modification (intentionally) of either the action verb or a sentence modifier, or perhaps an intention is a special sort of content, not either true or false, featuring a special tie between agent and action (a special form of the copula) or a special action predicate. Intending, in turn, might be a propositional attitude of a standard sort (knowing, believing, wishing, etc.), a special type of attitude with a special sensitivity to perceptual information processes, or self-command, a self-directed imperative. Similarly, intending to do a thing here and now might be an act of willing, or a volitional event, or a complex of desire and belief, or a rationalizing pro-attitude, and so on.
The Development of a Measure for End-User Computing Support

Various studies have argued and concluded that the most effective method of promotingend-user computing (EUC) in an organization consists of providing extensive end-user support. This paper describes the development of an instrument to measure EUC support A search of the EUC literature was conducted to identify items to include in the instrument. Theinstrument was validated by administering it in the form of a questionnaire to end-users in more man a hundred information centers across the United States. A factor analysis conducted on the data obtained from this survey yielded 12 factors of EUC support. Three factors were subsequently dropped from the instrument. The remaining factors were successfully tested for internal consistency. The instrument was tested for, and found to possess, convergent and discriminant validity. The instrument exhibited nomological validity. The resulting instrument, consisting of 42 items and 9 factors, is presented as a reliable, valid, and useful device for assessing the level of EUC support.
A simulation/metaheuristic approach to newspaper production and distribution supply chain problems

Abstract In this paper, we examine two-level and three-level supply chains for a midsize US newspaper in the Midwest that delivers to households and businesses in over 200 zip codes that span across various states. We formally define this problem as an integrated newspaper production and distribution supply chain management problem. Using a combination of model formulation, simulation, and an improvement heuristic we address both the efficiency and robustness of the solution by considering the impact of the stochastic nature of various parameters in both production and distribution. A deterministic formulation of the open vehicle routing problem with time windows and zoning constraints is utilized for vehicle scheduling and routing. A generalized network assignment problem is used to generate initial solutions and a tabu search metaheuristic solution approach is applied to improve solutions satisfying zone constraints and various approximate probabilities of satisfying delivery deadlines. However, the production and distribution process involves stochastic phenomena. We use simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. We estimate the customer service level of delivering to locations before 4:00 am. We also discuss improvement procedures if the service level is unsatisfactory.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of thermally generated free radicals in PMR‐15 polyimide resins

PMR-15 is a high-performance thermoset polyimide resin that is used in many high-temperature applications. Postcured PMR-15 produces room-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra from stable freeradical species that are formed during the postcuring stages. The variable-temperature EPR spectral intensities show a minimum at Tmin in the range −60 to −40°C, and a maximum at Tmax in the range 80–120°C. The EPR intensities follow the inverse temperature dependence of Curie's law below Tmin and are due to a stable free radical. The intensities then increase with increasing temperature between Tmin and Tmax. The free radical with such temperature dependence is not present below Tmin and is undetectable by EPR at temperatures above Tmax. These free radicals are generated during the postcuring process at elevated temperature above 310°C. The thermo-oxidative degradation involves free radicals generated during the postcuring process in the presence of oxygen gas. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Standardized Linear Port Configuration to Improve Operative Ergonomics in Laparoscopic Renal and Adrenal Surgery: Experience with 1264 cases

Abstract Background and Purpose: Traditional laparoscopic port placement for upper urinary tract surgery involves camera access via the umbilicus with working ports placed on either side of the camera at various locations. This diamond configuration requires the camera operator to cross hands with the surgeon, resulting in poor ergonomics. A standardized linear port configuration has been used for nearly all transperitoneal urologic surgery at our institution. The purpose of this article is to describe our experience with this simplified approach and its advantages. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all laparoscopic cases by a single surgeon from 2000 to June 2009. The linear port configuration includes three ports placed along the ipsilateral pararectal line with the most superior port one fingerbreadth below the costal margin and the inferior port at the level of the umbilicus. A 5-mm camera is used through the most superior port. A low transverse extraction site is typically...
Cryogenic sediment‐filled wedges, northern Delaware, USA

Wedge-like sedimentary structures at two sites in northern Delaware USA are located at the erosional surface of, and extend into, channel deposits of the fluvial, mid-Pleistocene Columbia Formation. The wedges are 0.25–0.60 m wide at the top, 1.0–1.5 m in vertical extent, contain moderate to poorly sorted, and vertically-stratified sediment, and are overlain unconformably by a layer of wind-blown silt. Several hypotheses for the formation and infill of the wedges were evaluated using detailed physical, stratigraphic, and sedimentological information. The most likely explanation for the features is that they are relict cryogenic structures formed by thermal-contraction cracking in permafrost, and filled with wind-blown sediments derived from the Columbia Formation. The wedges are believed to have formed in the tundra environment that existed in northern Delaware, south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, during the coldest parts of the Wisconsinan glaciation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
70 BIOCHEMICAL BASES FOR TOLERANCE OF THE NEWBORN HEART TO ISCHEMIC INJURY: DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE DEGRADATION BETWEEN ISCHEMIC IMMATURE AND ADULT MYOCARDIUM. A POSSIBLE ROLE OF SARCOLEMMAL 5′-NUCLEOTIDASE

We determined the rate of ATP depletion and catabolism in 8 canine immature hearts (IM-2 weeks old) and 5 adult (AM) hearts in response to normothermic global ischemia in vitro. Transmural serial biopsies were obtained just before ischemia and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min of ischemia. Myocardlal adenine nucleotides, nucleosides, purines and NAD+ were determined by HPLC. IM retained more AMP than AM during ischemia. Purines accumulated more in AM than IM. IM may have either less 5′-nucleotidase and/or the enzyme may be kinetically less responsive to AMP accumulation. AMP reserve in ischemic IM may enhance the tolerance of newborn hearts to ischemia and hypoxia by increasing the rate of ATP repletion bypassing both the salvage and the de novo pathways. Inhibition of 5′-nucleotidase may provide increased metabolic protection in mature hearts during ischemia and reperfusion.
Triticale, wheat, and rye growth rates and mineral accumulation at various growth stages

Abstract Cultivars of triticale, wheat, and rye were grown with different N‐fertilizer rates and sampled at various maturity stages in 1975 to 1977. ‘6TA 131’ triticale, ‘Arthur’ wheat, and ‘Abruzzi’ rye were used as checks. Increasing N fertilizer rates increased dry matter and N accumulation in the above‐ground plant parts. However, after flowering losses of dry matter and N from the plants increased with N fertilizer rates. Triticale and rye generally absorbed more N from the soil than wheat. Triticale and wheat straw had higher P concentrations than rye. The head/straw concentration ratios were: triticale and rye>wheat for P, wheat>triticale and rye for K while Ca and Mg ratios were triticale>wheat>rye.
Prophylactic ureteral catheterization in gynecologic surgery

Objectives. To examine the frequency of ureteral catheter usage, its efficacy in preventing injury, and related complications, because the preoperative routine placement of ureteral catheters as a prophylactic measure to prevent ureteral injury is controversial. Methods. All major gynecologic operations performed between January 1992 and December 1994 were identified. All gynecologic procedures that were preceded by ureteral catheter placement were also identified. A data base maintained by the Department of Quality Management allowed identification of all urinary tract complications and ureteral injuries. Four categories of surgery were analyzed: exploratory laparotomy with catheters, exploratory laparotomy without catheters, operative laparoscopy with catheters, and operative laparoscopy without catheters. The medical records of all patients with urinary tract complications were reviewed. Results. Bilateral prophylactic ureteral catheterization was performed in 469 (15.3%) of 3071 patients. A ureteral injury occurred in 4 (0.13%) of 3071 patients. All four ureteral injuries (0.17%) occurred among 2338 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy. None of the 733 patients who underwent operative laparoscopy suffered ureteral injury. The incidence of ureteral injury in patients who had ureteral catheters placed before exploratory laparotomy was 2 (0.62%) of 322. Two (0.10%) of 2016 patients who did not have prophylactic ureteral catheters suffered a ureteral injury. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of ureteral injury between patients who did and patients who did not undergo ureteral catheterization (P = 0.094). Conclusions. The use of prophylactic ureteral catheters did not affect the rate of ureteral injury in our patients. The very low incidence of ureteral injury among our patients is attributed mainly to meticulous surgical technique.
Anatomical and technical aspects of hepatic artery reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation

Background We describe our experience with arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) focusing on anatomic and technical aspects. Methods From June 1994 to February 2003, 132 grafts were implanted in 130 LDLT recipients including 1 re-transplant and 1 dual graft transplantation. Donor and recipient records were retrospectively reviewed. Anatomical variations in graft arteries were classified as: Type I, single pedicle with (Ia) or without (Ib) aberrant artery (left hepatic artery (HA) from left gastric artery or right HA from superior mesenteric artery); Type II, double pedicles with (IIa) or without (IIb) aberrant artery; Type III, equal to or greater than 3 pedicles. Statistical analyses were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results There were 72 male and 58 female recipients. The median age at transplantation was 3 years (range, 0.5 to 61). In left grafts, there were 34 Type Ia, 6 Type Ib, 33 Type IIa, 13 Type IIb, and 3 Type III; whereas in right grafts, there were 35 Type Ia, 6 Type Ib, 1 Type IIa, and 1 Type IIb. Two-in-one (2-in-1) segmental resection technique in graft HA harvest was carried out whenever there were tiny arteries supplying the donor graft. All HA reconstructions were done under microvascular techniques. There was no donor mortality and 1 recipient in-hospital mortality. There was no graft or patient loss due to HA occlusion. Donor complications included 3 biloma, 1 bile leak, 1 biliary stricture, and 1 late intestinal obstruction secondary to postoperative adhesions that were all successfully managed by non-operative interventions, except the biliary stricture that needed a revision to Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy. The 1-year and 5-year recipient survivals were 98% and 94%, respectively. Conclusions Successful HA reconstruction can be safely carried out in LDLT recipients and live donors with multiple graft arteries using the 2-in-1 segmental resection of donor HA under microvascular techniques.
Data monitoring committees: history and their future.

Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs), sometimes referred to as Data & Safety Monitoring Boards, have had a successful history over four decades in both government and industry sponsored trials. Their primary mission is to independently evaluate the accumulating data in an on-going clinical for the risks and benefits on behalf of trial participants, investigators, sponsors and regulators. DMCs can recommend that trials be terminated for overwhelming evidence of benefit, sufficient evidence of harm, futility or other external information. This process is quite challenging and requires a multidisciplinary team of experts who are independent from the trial investigators and sponsors. Despite this long history of success, a number of new challenges for DMCs have emerged. These include a serious shortage of trained and experienced experts in clinical trial monitoring as more trials demand this oversight. There is a trend for data monitoring committee charters to become longer, more complex and appear similar to a legal document contract that must be strictly followed when experience indicates this is not often possible. DMCs are subject to liability risks often with no indemnification. Restrictions are being placed on what data can be reviewed and how often as well as what analyses methods must be used. More recently, DMCs are being asked to implement certain adaptive designs which may modify sample size targets based on emerging trends in a primary outcome despite being aware that the total data profile might not support such changes. These along with other challenges will be discussed.
Treatment of Chronic Urticaria in Children with Antihistamines and Cyclosporine

Background Chronic idiopathic urticaria, daily hives that last >6 weeks, can be resistant to antihistamines, even when higher than conventional doses are used. Other pharmacologic agents have been associated with inconsistent benefit. Objective We examined the relationship of clinical characteristics and the presence of autoimmune antibodies to antihistamine resistance in children. We further examined the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in children whose urticaria was resistant to antihistamine. Methods Patients referred to the pediatric allergy and pulmonary specialty clinic at the University of Iowa Children's Hospital and diagnosed as having chronic idiopathic urticaria were identified during the period from August 2008 to July 2013. A retrospective examination of treatment and outcome was performed. Results Forty-six patients, 26 female patients and 20 male patients, with chronic idiopathic urticaria were identified. The ages of 16 patients who were antihistamine resistant ranged from 9 to 18 years (median, 12.5 years). Those patients who were antihistamine responsive had a median age of 6 years, significantly lower than those who were antihistamine resistant ( P = .0001). There was no significant association between autoimmune antibodies and antihistamine resistance. All the patients who were antihistamine resistant were treated with cyclosporine; all experienced complete resolution of urticaria at times that ranged from 2 days to 3 months (median, 7 days). Relapses responsive to repeated cyclosporine occurred in 5 of the patients after 1 week to 15 months (median, 6 months). Adverse effects were not seen in these patients. Conclusion Our data were consistent with efficacy and safety of cyclosporine for chronic urticaria in children when even high doses of antihistamines are ineffective.
The Role of the Public Manager in Inclusion: Creating Communities of Participation

In this article, we focus on the role of the public manager in bringing about inclusion. While inclusion often implies public participation, we have observed that one of the challenges for public managers practicing inclusive management is the necessity of combining information and perspectives of three domains: the political, the technical, and the local or experiential. Inclusion, from this perspective, involves the creation of communities of participation in which representatives of these three domains can use their knowledge to address public problems. We examine the ways in which managers do informational and relational work to enact such communities of participation.
THE CYPRID MOLT CYCLE AND ITS HORMONAL CONTROL IN THE BARNACLE BALANUS AMPHITRITE

ABSTRACT The cyprid molt cycle was examined in Balanus amphitrite. The duration of the cyprid instar was variable. While some cyprids settled and metamorphosed within several days, others did not settle at all during the I 2-day observation period. The premolt period (stage D) began at different times in different regions of the integument. Anterior, posterior, and ventral regions of the carapace valves underwent apolysis within 10-12 h following ecdysis to the cyprid, while the dorsal carapace epidermis did not undergo apolysis until attachment to the substratum, which occurred at various times during the 12-day period. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, at concentrations of 1–10 µg/ml seawater, did not accelerate early premolt apolysis in the anterior, posterior, or ventral carapace valves. However, the integumental activities associated with postattachment metamorphosis (dorsal carapace apolysis, epidermal morphogenesis, thoracic adductor muscle degeneration) were stimulated by 20-HE in a dosedependent manner. Some 20-HE exposed cyprids underwent metamorphosis without prior attachment to the substratum.
Charlson Comorbidity Index predicts patient outcome, in cases of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiofrequency ablation.

Abstract Purpose The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) has been shown to be a significant prognostic indicator in the treatment of many types of cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree to which the CCI predicts survival in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Materials and methods Eighty-two (34 men, 48 women) consecutive RFA treatments for medically inoperable NSCLC were performed at our institution from 1/1/2000 to 1/30/2009. With institutional IRB approval and in full HIPAA compliance, the medical records of these patients were examined for data relating to pre-treatment comorbid conditions, and a retrospective analysis was conducted. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Risk factors for mortality were determined by single-factor comparisons of curves using Wilcoxon-weighted chi-square and multiple Cox regressions. Results The patients ranged in age from 59 to 91 years (mean: 75.5). Eighty-eight percent (72 patients) were tumor stage IA or IB. Patients were followed for a total of five years; three-year overall survival was 50.6%. Hospital mortality was 0%. Gender, stage, histology and CCI score were each associated with significantly impaired survival (p IB, squamous histology and gender, multiple Cox regressions showed that an increasing CCI score was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.3, 95% CI 25.5, 58.2). Conclusions The CCI is validated as an important, independent predictor of patient survival, in cases of inoperable NSCLC treated with RFA.
Neuromagnetic source imaging with FOCUSS: a recursive weighted minimum norm algorithm

The paper describes a new algorithm for tomographic source reconstruction in neural electromagnetic inverse problems. Termed FOCUSS (FOCal Underdetermined System Solution), this algorithm combines the desired features of the two major approaches to electromagnetic inverse procedures. Like multiple current dipole modeling methods, FOCUSS produces high resolution solutions appropriate for the highly localized sources often encountered in electromagnetic imaging. Like linear estimation methods, FOCUSS allows current sources to assume arbitrary shapes and it preserves the generality and ease of application characteristic of this group of methods. It stands apart from standard signal processing techniques because, as an initialization-dependent algorithm, it accommodates the non-unique set of feasible solutions that arise from the neuroelectric source constraints. FOCUSS is based on recursive, weighted norm minimization. The consequence of the repeated weighting procedure is, in effect, to concentrate the solution in the minimal active regions that are essential for accurately reproducing the measurements. The FOCUSS algorithm is introduced and its properties are illustrated in the context of a number of simulations, first using exact measurements in 2- and 3-D problems, and then in the presence of noise and modeling errors. The results suggest that FOCUSS is a powerful algorithm with considerable utility for tomographic current estimation.
Enjoyment and its discontents: Ecclesiastes in dialogue with Freud on the stewardship of joy.

The book of Ecclesiastes has frequently been mischaracterized as a cynical or pessimistic work. Instead, this article recommends Ecclesiastes, following Eunny P. Lee, as contributing to pastoral theology through its embodied and pragmatic theology of enjoyment in which practices of joy revitalize the human spirit. However, there are some who are unable to experience satisfaction. The absence of reflection on this problem in Ecclesiastes scholarship is considered the starting point of pastoral theology, and is addressed by a turn to the frequently misunderstood passage in 7:16–18, bringing it into conversation with the topographical model of the human person developed by Freud. At the same time, the interpersonal aspects of enjoyment found in Ecclesiastes critique Freud by suggesting how the fragmented parts of self-experience can be held together in an interpersonal context.
Favorite son? Specialized child laborers and students in poor LDC households

Abstract Though prior theoretical models of child labor nominally contain households with multiple children, they treat all children as identical in their returns to labor-market and education activities. In actuality, households with identical twins are the exception, and inherent heterogeneity implies different returns for children. We construct a theoretical model that allows child heterogeneity and bilateral altruism. Our model illuminates potential inefficiencies in the time allocation of children across labor market obligations and education opportunities in poor households. When intra-household talent differentials across children are great, an inefficient “reverse specialization” may arise and partial bans on child labor will increase efficiency.
Complete assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum of a synthetic zinc finger from Xfin. Sequential resonance assignments and secondary structure.

A 25-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to zinc finger 31 of the Xenopus protein Xfin adopts a compact, folded conformation in the presence of zinc. Complete 1H resonance assignments have been made. The peptide contains a helix, beginning as an α-helix and ending as a 310-helix, that extends from residue 12 to 23. Several positively charged and polar residues located on this helix are likely to be involved in interactions with DNA. Residues 1–10 appear to adopt a hairpin-like structure.
Orbital symmetry and concerted reactions in terms of exact wavefunctions

Abstract Correlation diagrams using orbital symmetry analogous to those of Woodward and Hoffmann for classifying concerted chemical reactions can be drawn for exact wavefunctions. The occupation numbers of the natural orbitals will normally show crossing between orbitals of high and of low occupation number for typical “forbidden” reactions and no such crossing for “allowed” reactions. Although not now adding any new predictive power, this picture provides the rules with a basis in terms of wavefunctions with exchange, correlation energy, and orbitals depending on occupancy, instead of the approximations of simple MO theory.
Efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract A consecutive series of 121 patients 70 years of age and older who underwent aortocoronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafting without other cardiac procedures during a 5 year period was analyzed and follow-up status ascertained. This group was compared with a consecutive series of 2,850 patients under the age of 70 who underwent aortocoronary bypass during the same period. The patients aged 70 years or greater had a higher incidence of unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart fallure and cardlomegaly on roentgenography. They had more severe coronary obstruction with a 29 percent incidence rate of left main coronary disease versus a 15 percent incidence rate in the patients aged less than 70 years (P
Simultaneous induction of postabscission and germination mRNAs in cultured dicotyledonous embryos

Cloned mRNAs identify three programs of gene expression in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) embryos that are associated with the maturation (reserve accumulation) stage, the postabscission stage, which is marked by expression of Late-embryogenesis-abundant (Lea) mRNAs, and germination (broadly defined as including all events through early postgerminative growth). In order to test if the regulation of these programs is the same in other dicotyledonous species, their expression was studied in normal and cultured maturation-stage, postabscission-stage, and mature embryo-stage embryos or seed of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using cotton and other cDNA probes. During postabscission, Lea mRNAs accumulated in all test species and were induced in earlier maturation-stage embryos by excision and culture on basal medium. Abscisic acid often enhanced this induction in the test species. Germinationspecific mRNAs were induced in cultured maturationstage and postabscission-stage embryos of all test species. These results indicate that the regulation of embryonic and germination programs is similar in all dicotyledons tested. Because excised embryos simultaneously induced postabscission and germination programs, the effects of exogenous growth regulators and other factors on such embryos probably reflect stress responses of germinating mature embryos rather than the identity of endogenous regulators of embryogenesis.
Digital photographic evidence and the adjudication of domestic violence cases

Abstract This study reported the impact of digital photographic evidence on domestic violence case outcomes in two Indiana counties. It analyzed whether outcomes differed between cases with digital photographic evidence (treatment group) and cases with no photographic evidence (comparison group). Examined impacts included guilty pleas, convictions, and sentence severity. Data included in the analysis came from case files and police and prosecutor interviews. Findings suggest that digital photographic evidence can be a useful prosecutorial tool – treatment group members were more likely to plead guilty, be convicted, and receive more severe sentences.
Estimates of Repolarization Dispersion From Electrocardiographic Measurements

Background —Repolarization dispersion (Rd) is frequently mentioned as a predictor of cardiac abnormalities. We present a new measure of Rd based on the root-mean-square (RMS) curve of an ECG lead set and compare its performance with that of the commonly used QT dispersion (QTd) measure with the use of recovery times measured from directly recorded canine electrograms. Methods and Results —Using isolated, perfused canine hearts suspended in a torso-shaped electrolytic tank, we simultaneously recorded electrograms from 64 epicardial sites and ECGs from 192 “body surface” sites. RMS curves were derived from 4 lead sets: epicardial, body surface, precordial, and a 6-lead optimal set. Repolarization was altered by changing cycle length, temperature, and activation sequence. Rd, calculated directly from recovery times of the 64 epicardial potentials, was then compared with the width of the T wave of the RMS curve and with QTd for each of these 4 lead sets. The correlation between T-wave width and Rd for each lead set, respectively, was epicardium, 0.91; body surface, 0.84; precordial, 0.72; and optimal leads, 0.81. The correlation between QTd and Rd for each lead set was epicardium, 0.46; body surface, 0.47; precordial, 0.17; and optimal leads, 0.11. Conclusions —RMS curve analysis provides an accurate method of estimating Rd from the body surface. In contrast, QTd analysis provides a poor estimate of Rd.
ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY THEORY AND THE COEXISTENCE OF SPARROWS

The predictions of community matrix theory do not agree with the observed patterns of coexistence of grassland and woodland sparrows. Predictions based on the random co-occurrence of species match the observed patterns about as well as do the predictions of community theory. Predictions of both the community theory model and the random co-occurrence model are improved substantially by the addition of thresholds that account for the minimum food requirements of spar- rows of different sizes. The observed patterns of species coexistence appear consistent with a model based on resource abundance and aggressive interference; however, they are also consistent with coexistence based on interspecific partitioning of seeds by size.
Safety net or free fall: the impact of cooperating teachers

Over the past 20 years, the Professional Development School (PDS) model has been proven to be a successful way to induct teacher candidates into the teaching profession. Induction has been recognized as a way to counteract attrition from a profession that loses as many as 50% of its teachers within five years of entry. Using the PDS model of teacher preparation, one Midwestern university created the potential for teacher candidates to become immersed into the environment of an elementary school (i.e. kindergarten through to sixth grade). The study employed qualitative methods to explore what factors lead to perceived success by the teacher candidates participating in the program. The type of support offered by the cooperating teachers who hosted the candidates emerged at the most influential factor. The cooperating teachers who were welcoming, trusting and could share ownership in the classroom provided the teacher candidates the most successful experience.
Polysodium N-undecanoyl-L-leucylvalinate: a versatile chiral selector for micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

Dipeptide micelle polymers are a new class of polymeric surfactants of which the polysodium undecanoyl-l-leucylvalinate (poly-l-SULV) was found to be a broadly applicable chiral selector for micellar electrokinetic chromatography. This negatively charged dipeptide micelle polymer is a high molecular weight compound with large countercurrent mobility, zero critical micelle concentration, low aggregation number, and high solubility in water or water−organic solvents. In an extensive chiral screening program, enantioseparation of 75 racemic compounds was tested with poly-l-SULV as chiral pseudostationary phase in neutral pH and basic pH background electrolytes. A total of 58 out of 75 racemic compounds could be resolved after choosing an appropriate concentration of poly-l-SULV. Although anionic chiral analytes are difficult to resolve using poly-l-SULV, the percent success rate for chiral resolution of cationic (77%) and neutral (85%) racemates was very high. Aspects regarding electrostatic, steric, hydroph...
Feminist) Political Science as an Interdisciplinary Exploration

As a political theorist who has been profoundly shaped by the feminist movement and feminist theorizing that arose from it, my work is interdisciplinary at its core. It is difficult, if not impossible, to engage in the work of political theorizing without taking into account the multiple dimensions of human experience, and multiple methodologies by which to explore them. Those of us who teach in liberal arts colleges are particularly fortunate/privileged in this regard: to the extent that we see our mission as preparing our students to be critically engaged citizens (rather than preparing them to be political scientists), we are free to draw on multiple approaches. Furthermore, because most of us have to teach across subfields, we are enabled, encouraged, perhaps even forced, to integrate multiple perspectives into our teaching. That, in turn, may well affect our research and writing. I argue that these sorts of “boundary crossings” are valuable both for our students and for us.
Affective temperaments and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

Background: There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) score higher on affective temperament ratings compared to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, unaffected relatives demonstrate similar patterns as BD patients suggesting that such temperaments are related to the genetic risk for BD and may serve as endophenotypes for the disorder. It is unknown whether affective temperaments are associated with other core features of BD, such as impairments in neurocognition. This study examined the relationship between affective temperaments and neurocognition in patients with BD and in HCs. Methods: Temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego, Auto-questionnaire version (TEMPS-A) in 64 patients with BD and 109 HCs. Neurocognitive functioning was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlational analyses between temperaments and cognition were conducted in BD and HC subjects. Results: Data suggest that affective temperaments and neurocognition are correlated. In BD higher ratings of cyclothymia and irritability were associated with better processing speed, working memory, reasoning and problem-solving. In the HC group, increased irritability was related to worse performance on measures of attention and social cognition. Limitations: Lack of functional outcome measures to evaluate the impact of temperaments and cognition on psychosocial functioning. It would be useful to test these findings on unaffected relatives of BD patients. Conclusions: Cyclothymic and irritable temperaments are correlated with specific aspects of neurocognition in BD. This study is among the few exploring the dimensional relationship between temperaments and cognition in BD, and provides preliminary evidence for future studies investigating the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between these variables.
Assessing self-efficacy for coping with cancer: development and psychometric analysis of the brief version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI-B)

Objective: The Cancer Behavior Inventory-Brief Version (CBI-B), a 12-item measure of self-efficacy for coping with cancer derived from the longer 33-item version, was subjected to psychometric analysis. Method: Participants consisted of three samples: 735 cancer patients from a multicenter CCOP study, 199 from central Indiana, and 370 from a national sample. Samples were mixed with respect to initial cancer diagnosis. Participants completed the CBI-B and measures of quality of life, optimism, life satisfaction, depression, and sickness impact. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis with oblique rotation yielded four factors in the first sample: (1) Maintaining Independence and Positive Attitude; (2) Participating in Medical Care; (3) Coping and Stress Management; and (4) Managing Affect, which were confirmed in subsequent samples. Cronbach α coefficient for the 12-item CBI-B ranged from 0.84 to 0.88. Validity of the CBI-B was demonstrated by positive correlations with measures of quality of life and optimism, and negative correlations with measures of depression and sickness impact. Conclusion: The CBI-B is a valid brief measure of self-efficacy for coping that could be easily integrated into clinical oncology research and practice, and also used in screening patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the 135S Poliovirus Particle an Intermediate during Cell Entry

Poliovirus binding to its receptor (PVR) on the cell surface induces a conformational transition which generates an altered particle with a sedimentation value of 135S versus the 160S of the native virion. A number of lines of evidence suggest that the 135S particle is a cell entry intermediate. However, the low infection efficiencies of the 135S particle and the absence of detectable 135S particles during infection at 26 degrees C by the cold-adapted mutants argue against a role for the 135S particle during the cell entry process. We show here that binding of 135S-antibody complexes to the Fc receptor (CDw32) increases the infectivity of these particles by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Thus, the low efficiency of infection by 135S particles is due in part to the low binding affinity of these particles. In addition, we show that there is an additional stage in the entry process that is associated with RNA release. This stage occurs after formation of the 135S particle, is rate limiting during infection at 37 degrees C, but not at 26 degrees C, and is PVR independent. The data also demonstrate that during infection at 26 degrees C, the rate-limiting step is the PVR-mediated conversion of wild-type 160S particles to 135S particles. This suggests that during infection at 26 degrees C by the cold-adapted viruses, 135S particles are formed, but they fail to accumulate to detectable levels because the subsequent post-135S particle events occur at a significantly faster rate than the initial conversion of 160S to 135S particles. These data support a model in which the 135S particle is an intermediate during poliovirus entry.
Tissue and electrode capacitance reduce neural activation volumes during deep brain stimulation.

Objective The growing clinical acceptance of neurostimulation technology has highlighted the need to accurately predict neural activation as a function of stimulation parameters and electrode design. In this study we evaluate the effects of the tissue and electrode capacitance on the volume of tissue activated (VTA) during deep brain stimulation (DBS).