cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth and genetic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to pH-shifts in an anaerobic continuous culture.

Abstract Salmonella infection of chickens that leads to potential human foodborne salmonellosis continues to be a concern. Changes in the pH of poultry gastrointestinal tract could influence Salmonella growth and virulence response. In the current study, growth responses of a chicken isolate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) to three incremental pH-shifts (6.17–7.35) in continuous cultures (CC) were evaluated. The expression of rpoS and hilA was determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well. Increases in pH resulted in higher cell protein concentrations, glucose disappearance, and glucose and ATP yields. Although with some inconsistency between the two trials, the data indicated that the ammonia release into media was favored by low pH. The pH shifts did not significantly affect acetate biosynthesis. No consistent trends of pH influence on propionate and butyrate production could be detected. In all three pH shifts, relative expression of hilA was dominant at 0 h which represented CC steady state. In pH shift 7.35–6.86 (Trial 1), the relative expression of rpoS at time 0 and 1 h were over five-fold higher than after 3 and 6 h of growth. Overall, the results suggest that ST physiology is altered by changes in pH, which could be determinant factors for ST survival in the poultry gastrointestinal ecosystems.
Antagonism of the stimulus effects of yohimbine and 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin

Abstract Stimulus control was established in rats using either 8-hydroxy-2-[di- n -propylamino]tetralin (DPAT) (0.2 mg/kg) or yohimbine (3 mg/kg). Tests were then conducted with purported antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT 1A ) receptors. Drugs studied were NAN-190, [+/−]-pindolol, and [−]-alprenolol. In addition, each drug was characterized in terms of its affinity for 5- HT 1 A and α 2 -adrenoceptors by means of radioligand binding techniques. None of the antagonists tested provided complete blockade of the stimulus effects of either DPAT or yohimbine. However, [+/−]-pindolol produced a statiscally significant intermediate degree of antagonism of both DPAT and yohimbine. The affinities of DPAT, yohimbine, and NAN-190 for the 5-HT 1A and α 2 -adrenergic receptors, respectively, were sufficiently high to lead to some ambiguity of interpretation of the behavioral data. However, the results with [+/−]-pindolol, which has high affinity for the 5-HT 1A receptor (34 nM) and negligible affinity for the α 2 -adrenoceptor (24,600 nM), indicate that a significant component of yohimbine-induced stimulus control is mediated by the 5-HT 1A receptor.
Effect of low magnetic fields on the catalysed parahydrogen conversion rate over certain rare earths.

THE purpose of this communication is to report a change in rate of the parahydrogen conversion if the catalyst is placed in a magnetic field of a few oersteds. The change is a decrease of several per cent, and it has been observed over Pr2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3 and Yb2O3. It has not so far been observed over Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3 or Tm2O3. But Tb2O3 supported at low surface concentration on high-area Al2O3 shows the effect.
A candidate male-fertility female-fertility gene tagged by the soybean endogenous transposon, Tgm9

In soybean, the W4 gene encoding dihydroflavonol- 4-reductase controls anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in flow- ers. The mutant allele, w4-m, is characterized by variegated flowers and was evolved from the insertion of an endogenous transposable element, Tgm9 ,i n intron II of theW4 gene. In the w4-m mutant line, reversion of the unstable allele from varie- gated to normal purple flower in revertants would indicate Tgm9's excision accompanied by its insertion into a second locus. We identified a male-sterile, female-sterile mutant from such germinal revertant bearing purple flowers. The objectives of our investigation were to map the sterility locus, identify candidate genes for the male-fertile, female-fertile phenotype, and then determine if sterility is associated with the insertion of Tgm9in the sterility locus. We usedbulked segregant analysisto map the locus to molecular linkage group J (chromosome 16). Fine mapping enabled us to flank the locus to a 62-kb region that contains only five predicted genes. One of the genes in that region, Glyma16g07850.1, codes for a helicase. A rice homolog of this gene has been shown to control crossing over and fertility phenotype. Thus, Glyma16g07850.1 is most likely the gene regulating the male and female fertility phenotype in soybean. DNA blot analysis of the segregating individuals for Tgm9 showed perfect association between sterility and the presence of the transposon. Most likely, the sterility mutation was caused by the insertion of Tgm9. The transposable element should facilitate identification of the male- and female-fertility gene. Characterization of the fertility gene will provide vital molecular insight on the reproductive biology of soybean and other plants.
Deletion of ATG5 Shows a Role of Autophagy in Salivary Homeostatic Control

Autophagy is a catabolic pathway utilized to maintain a balance among the synthesis, degradation, and recycling of cellular components, thereby playing a role in cell growth, development, and homeostasis. Previous studies revealed that a conditional knockout of essential member(s) of autophagy in a variety of tissues causes changes in structure and function of these tissues. Acinar cell-specific expression of knocked-in Cre recombinase through control of aquaporin 5 (Aqp5) promoter/enhancer (Aqp5-Cre) allows us to specifically inactivate Atg5, a protein necessary for autophagy, in salivary acinar cells of Atg5f/f;Aqp5-Cre mice. There was no difference in apoptotic or proliferation levels in salivary glands of Atg5/Cre mice from each genotype. However, HEAqp5-Cre mice. Salivary flow rates and amylase contents of Atg5/Cre mice indicated that acinar-specific inactivation of ATG5 did not alter carbachol-evoked saliva and amylase secretion. Conversely, autophagy intersected with salivary morphological and secretory manifestations induced by isoproterenol administration. These results identified a role for autophagy as a homeostasis control in salivary glands. Collectively, Atg5f/f;Aqp5-Cre mice would be a useful tool to enhance our understanding of autophagy in adaptive responses following targeted head and neck radiation or Sjogren syndrome.
Flame-Sheet Analysis of C. W. Diffusion-Type Chemical Lasers, I. Uncoupled Radiation

An analytical treatment of diffusion-type chemical lasers is presented. Chemical formation of the lasing molecule by laminar mixing and combustion of parallel streams of fuel and oxidizer is assumed to be diffusion controlled, and subsequent collisional deactivation of each vibrational level of the lasing molecule by nonreactive V — Kand V — T energy transfer is found by a successive-approximation scheme. Radiative processes are considered only for a downstream optical cavity of infinitesimal streamwise length. A laser employing the reaction H2 + F -> HF(f) + H is considered in detail with the use of a single-boundary-layer, flame-sheet model. Expressions for integrated zero-power gain, laser power, and efficiency are obtained. It is found that the efficiency of conversion of chemical power (i.e., 3.15 Mw/lbm of F/sec) to laser radiant power is approximately 30 % when collisional deactivation is neglected in comparison with radiative deactivation. The effect of collisional deactivation is reduction of the efficiency to levels of 10 to 20 % for cases in which H2 diffusion times are of the order of HF collisional deactivation times. In the latter regime, the efficiency varies approximately as [A>w(j;6>_e)1 /2]~1. (pe is gas pressure, w is semiheight of the oxidizer channel, and y6 _ e is the initial mass fraction of atomic fluorine.)
Locke on Personal Identity

Locke’s account of personal identity has been highly influential because of its emphasis on a psychological criterion. The same consciousness is required for being the same person. It is not so clear, however, exactly what Locke meant by ‘consciousness’ or by ‘having the same consciousness’. Interpretations vary: consciousness is seen as identical to memory, as identical to a first personal appropriation of mental states, and as identical to a first personal distinctive experience of the qualitative features of one’s own thinking. There is wide agreement, however, that Locke’s theory of personal identity is meant to complement his moral and theological commitments to a system of divine punishment and reward in an afterlife. But these commitments seem to require also a metaphysical criterion, and Locke is insistent that it cannot be substance. The difficulty reconciling the psychological and metaphysical requirements of the theory has led, at worst, to charges of incoherence and, at best, to a slew of interpretations, none of which is widely accepted.
Involvement of Epigenetics and EMT-Related miRNA in Arsenic-Induced Neoplastic Transformation and Their Potential Clinical Use

Exposure to toxicants leads to cumulative molecular changes that overtime increase a subject's risk of developing urothelial carcinoma. To assess the impact of arsenic exposure at a time progressive manner, we developed and characterized a cell culture model and tested a panel of miRNAs in urine samples from arsenic-exposed subjects, urothelial carcinoma patients, and controls. To prepare an in vitro model, we chronically exposed an immortalized normal human bladder cell line (HUC1) to arsenic. Growth of the HUC1 cells was increased in a time-dependent manner after arsenic treatment and cellular morphology was changed. In a soft agar assay, colonies were observed only in arsenic-treated cells, and the number of colonies gradually increased with longer periods of treatment. Similarly, invaded cells in an invasion assay were observed only in arsenic-treated cells. Withdrawal of arsenic treatment for 2.5 months did not reverse the tumorigenic properties of arsenic-treated cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased PTEN and increased AKT and mTOR in arsenic-treated HUC1 cells. Levels of miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c were downregulated in arsenic-exposed HUC1 cells by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, in human urine, miR-200c and miR-205 were inversely associated with arsenic exposure (P = 0.005 and 0.009, respectively). Expression of miR-205 discriminated cancer cases from controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.845). Our study suggests that exposure to arsenic rapidly induces a multifaceted dedifferentiation program and miR-205 has potential to be used as a marker of arsenic exposure as well as a maker of early urothelial carcinoma detection.
Controls on Cyclostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Carbonates and Evaporites, Cupido and Coahuila Platforms, Northeastern Mexico

The Lower Cretaceous Cupido (Barremian-Aptian) and Coahuila (Albian) carbonate platforms of northeastern Mexico exhibit thick successions of meter-scale cycles deposited in three unique paleoenvironmental settings. (1) The Cupido shelf lagoon is composed of peritidal carbonate cycles deposited in the protected lee of a reef-rimmed to barrier-shoal margin. (2) The restricted Coahuila ramp interior consists of cyclic alternations of subtidal evaporites and peritidal carbonates. (3) The deep-water parts of both the Cupido and Coahuila platforms are composed of foraminiferal wackestones and lime mudstones interspersed with firmgrounds and hardgrounds in a "cyclic" arrangement. Vertical successions of meter-scale evaporitic cycles and peritidal cycles exhibit systematic stacking patterns that build into intermediate-scale high-frequency sequences (tens to hundreds of meters thick), and large-scale composite sequences (hundreds of meters thick) that can be correlated across the Cupido and Coahuila platforms. These large-scale stacking patterns are interpreted to reflect longterm accommodation events and, when combined with the scale-independent architecture of all genetic units, permit the inference that all three meter-scale cycle types on the Cupido and Coahuila platforms are also governed by relative sea-level change. The composition, thickness, and number of meter-scale cycles within individual high-frequency sequences can be highly variable across the Cupido and Coahuila platforms, however, even though the overall upward-shallowing patterns are evident. The lateral complexity of cycle architecture and distribution is interpreted to be a natural response to fluctuations in regional climate interacting with autogenic processes such as variations in carbonate production and dispersal, intensity and frequency of tropical storms and monsoons, thermohaline circulation patterns, and ambient ocean chemistry and temperature. These interacting processes created laterally variable physiographic and oceanographic conditions across the Cupido and Coahuila platforms, complicating the sedimentary record generated by the composite sea-level signal. Well-documented evidence from Barremian-Cenomanian pelagic cycles throughout the Tethyan seaway strongly indicates that Milankovitch-driven climatic changes operated during the Early Cretaceous. Contemporaneous shallow-marine cyclicity in several locations suggests that these climatic changes may have had globally widespread effects. In an effort to link the shallow-water and deep-water realms, we propose a model whereby Milankovitch-driven global climatic changes generated low-amplitude, high-frequency eustatic fluctuations through some combination of thermal expansion and contraction of ocean water, waxing and waning of small ice caps and alpine glaciers, and changes in the storage capacity of aquifers and lakes to produce meter-scale cycles across Lower Cretaceous shallow-marine platforms.
Regulating access to genetic resources under the Convention on Biological Diversity: an analysis of selected case studies

In 1992 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) agreed to develop and implement policies to regulate and facilitate access to genetic resources (AGR). We examine regulations and agreements in Brazil, Colombia, and the Philippines in detail and discuss how these countries are implementing the AGR mandate. In particular, we evaluate progress toward achieving the CBD objectives of conserving biological diversity, using its components in a sustainable manner, and equitably sharing the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. We highlight the difficulties in developing and implementing these policies, arising from the conflicting goals of regulating and facilitating AGR, as well as the special character of genetic resources, existing ex situ collections, issues of ownership and tenure, and the dearth of legal, institutional, and scientific capacity in many countries. We recommend (1) independent, multidisciplinary evaluation of the success of the access policy in achieving CBD objectives, (2) resolution of the conflict between traditional land tenure and legal property rights of genetic resources so as to match conservation obligations with benefit-sharing rights, (3) recognition that benefits obtained from AGR may be entirely non-monetary, and (4) that countries provide a 'two-track' AGR application process separately for commercial and non-commercial users. Abbreviations: AGR - access to genetic resources, CBD - Convention on Biological Diversity, IACBGR - Inter-Agency Committee on Biological and Genetic Resources, IPR - intellectual property rights, NGO - non-governmental organisation, USA - United States of America.
Structural proteins of HADEN virus

Abstract Purified HADEN virus was disrupted and separated into three polypeptide types in 7.5% neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The major polypeptide (HVP1) had a molecular weight of about 67,000 and accounted for 75–83% of the virion protein. The two minor components (HVP2 and HVP3) had molecular weights of about 77,000 and 85,500, respectively. When HADEN virus polypeptides were compared to the polypeptides of adenovirus-associated virus similar profiles were noted, but the polypeptides of the two viruses were distinguishable when coelectrophoresed on a single gel. Purified low density noninfectious HADEN particles were found to contain three polypeptides with the same molecular weights and concentrations as those found in the infectious virions.
Network of coordinated substitutions in the Hepatitis B virus polymerase

We analyzed coordinated variation among amino acid sites in 370 HBV polymerase sequences using Bayesian networks. Among the HBV polymerase domains the spacer domain separating terminal protein from the reverse-transcriptase domain, showed the highest network centrality. Coordinated substitutions preserve the hydrophobicity and charge of Spacer. Maximum likelihood estimates of codon selection showed that Spacer contains the highest number of positively selected sites. Identification of 67% of the domain lacking an ordered structure suggests that Spacer belongs to the class of intrinsically unstructured domains and proteins whose crucial functional role in the regulation of transcription, translation and cellular signal transduction has only recently been recognized. Spacer plays a central role in the epistatic network associating substitutions across the HBV genome, including those conferring viral virulence, drug resistance and vaccine escape.
Microelectrode studies of the tegument and sub-tegumental compartments of male Schistosoma mansoni: anatomical location of sources of electrical potentials.

Histological studies using horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker, injected iontophoretically through a recording electrode, have indicated the origins of potentials encountered upon advancement of the electrode into and beneath the dorsal surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni. The first potential encountered, having a value of – 51 ± 0·6 mV originates across the outer tegumental membrane. The next potential has a value of — 28 ± 0·6 mV and originates in the muscle masses underlying the tegument. Finally, a potential having the value — 10 ± 0·5 mV originates within the basal lamina and the interstitial fibres and extracellular space surrounding the muscle. Altering ion concentrations in the bathing medium (i.e. high K+, low Na+, zero Ca2+, low Cl−, high Li+) depolarizes all three potentials. External applications of ouabain and the anti-schistosomal, praziquantel, also cause depolarization of the potentials. It appears that the muscle potential and the tegumental potential are primarily K+-dependent. The depolarizing effects of ouabain, LiCl and low Na+ suggest that active transport is important in the maintenance of the muscle potential, just as is the case for the tegumental potential. There appears to be a close correlation between changes in the tegumental, muscle and extracellular space potentials. The correlation between tegument and muscle potential changes might be explained by junctional complexes between tegumental cell bodies and muscle cell bodies.
Glass Transition and Ultrasonic Relaxation in Polystyrene

We present measurements of the glass transition and the ultrasonic relaxation modulus in a series of monodisperse polystyrenes. The temperature dependence of the modulus was analyzed using Havriliak-Negami relaxation model (HN) and Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation (VTF) for the relaxation time. The results allowed us to determine the fragility index, m, which decreases with increasing molecular weight, Mn. Furthermore, the relaxation time was found to saturate at high molecular weights and varies as Mnp, in the low molecular weight region. The exponent is p≈ 2 at high temperatures and p ≈ 7 at low temperatures close to Tg.
DNA hypomethylation induces a DNA replication-associated cell cycle arrest to block hepatic outgrowth in uhrf1 mutant zebrafish embryos

UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains, 1) recruits DNMT1 to hemimethylated DNA during replication and is essential for maintaining DNA methylation. uhrf1 mutant zebrafish have global DNA hypomethylation and display embryonic defects, including a small liver, and they die as larvae. We make the surprising finding that, despite their reduced organ size, uhrf1 mutants express high levels of genes controlling S-phase and have many more cells undergoing DNA replication, as measured by BrdU incorporation. In contrast to wild-type hepatocytes, which are continually dividing during hepatic outgrowth and thus dilute the BrdU label, uhrf1 mutant hepatocytes retain BrdU throughout outgrowth, reflecting cell cycle arrest. Pulse-chase-pulse experiments with BrdU and EdU, and DNA content analysis indicate that uhrf1 mutant cells undergo DNA re-replication and that apoptosis is the fate of many of the re-replicating and arrested hepatocytes. Importantly, the DNA re-replication phenotype and hepatic outgrowth failure are preceded by global loss of DNA methylation. Moreover, uhrf1 mutants are phenocopied by mutation of dnmt1, and Dnmt1 knockdown in uhrf1 mutants enhances their small liver phenotype. Together, these data indicate that unscheduled DNA replication and failed cell cycle progression leading to apoptosis are the mechanisms by which DNA hypomethylation prevents organ expansion in uhrf1 mutants. We propose that cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis is a strategy that restricts propagation of epigenetically damaged cells during embryogenesis.
Radiation-induced ionic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether in bulk

The radiation-induced ionic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether was investigated under conditions where the monomer was dried with molecular sieves. The investigation covered the temperature range from −16°C to 90°C, and the dose-rate range from 1015 to 1020 eV/g-sec, using both γ-rays and electrons. A very high overall activation energy of 15.9 kcal/mole was found for the process below 30°C. Above 30°C, however, the value of the overall activation energy dropped to 4.9 kcal/mole, a phenomenon which is ascribed to the solvation of the propagating carbonium ion below 30°C. The dose-rate dependence of the rate of polymerization was found to be 0.58 over the entire dose-rate range investigated. The molecular weight of the polymer was found to be far less sensitive to trace amounts of water than the rate of polymerization. The molecular weight of the polymer depended strongly on the irradiation temperature, reaching a maximum value of about 120,000 at 35°C. It is shown that at temperatures above 20°C regenerative chain transfer processes play an important role in determining the molecular weight of the polymer.
Growth Hormone Hypersecretory States

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion in the human may be due to a GH-secreting tumor, to a GH-releasing-hormone (GHRH) secreting tumor, to disorders of GH feedback regulatory mechanisms, or to functional disturbance of GH regulation in association with systemic disorders, malnutrition, or psychiatric disease (Table 1). It is only in the first two circumstances that the clinical syndrome of acromegaly develops. In this chapter the pathophysiology of these disorders will be reviewed, the primary emphasis being given to the pathogenesis of GH-producing pituitary tumors.
Enhancing Surgical Team Performance with Game-Based training

Poor team communication has been attributed to many patient safety issues in healthcare. Efficacious team training methods are needed. The present study examines the use of a game-based training approach for enhancing surgical team communication skills. Participants who played the game achieved improved declarative knowledge, and had greater levels of training transfer relative to the control group. These results suggest that game-based training may to be a promising mechanism for improving teamwork in the healthcare industry.
Hydrodynamics-based transfection in animals by systemic administration of plasmid DNA

Development of methods that allow an efficient expression of exogenous genes in animals would provide tools for gene function studies, treatment of diseases and for obtaining gene products. Therefore, we have developed a hydrodynamics-based procedure for expressing transgenes in mice by systemic administration of plasmid DNA. Using cDNA of luciferase and beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene, we demonstrated that an efficient gene transfer and expression can be achieved by a rapid injection of a large volume of DNA solution into animals via the tail vein. Among the organs expressing the transgene, the liver showed the highest level of gene expression. As high as 45 microg of luciferase protein per gram of liver can be achi- eved by a single tail vein injection of 5 microg of plasmid DNA into a mouse. Histochemical analysis using beta-galactosidase gene as a reporter reveals that approximately 40percent of hepatocytes express the transgene. The time-response curve shows that the level of transgene expression in the liver reaches the peak level in approximately 8 h after injection and decreases thereafter. The peak level of gene expression can be regained by repeated injection of plasmid DNA. These results suggest that a simple, convenient and efficient method has been developed and which can be used as an effective means for studying gene function, gene regulation and molecular pathophysiology through gene transfer, as well as for expressing proteins in animals.
Where is the skepticism in animal metacognition

The comparative analysis of metacognition may answer fundamental questions about the evolution of cognition. Although a substantial amount of research has been directed toward this goal in the last two decades, the recent development of quantitative nonmetacognition models has raised questions about the existence of metacognition in nonhumans. Kornell (2014, pp. 143-149) proposes that advances in animal metacognition may be made by following emerging trends in human metacognition research, namely that animal metacognition may take the form of drawing inferences from metacognitive cues without directly assessing the strength of memories. A problem with this approach is noted. Because the metacognitive status of certainty judgments in animals is at the center of the dispute in the field, demonstrations of the inferential view would not provide evidence that putative metacognitive cues are indeed based on metacognition. I argue that any preparation that claims to tap into metacognition needs to be tested against leading nonmetacognition hypotheses such as Le Pelley's (2012) reinforcement-learning model. Progress in animal metacognition will come from the development of new assessment techniques that offer predictions contrary to nonmetacognition hypotheses. Animal metacognition will advance by applying skepticism about methods and interpretation while letting the animals (and their data) settle the debate.
City children family influenza vaccination rate and willingness survey

Objective This study was to learn the influenza vaccination rate, and related influencing factors, of city children and their family members in Sichuan Province and Henan Province of China. Methods 2 cities in each province, 600 students and their immediate family members from each city were selected for a survey by a self-administered questionnaire for the information of their influenza vaccination rate and influencing factors. Results A total of 9 673 people from 2396 household participated in the survey. The influenza vaccination rates during influenza seasons of 2009-2011 were 12.5%, 9.5% and 1.7%, respectively. 45.3% of all respondents were not willing to be vaccinated. The top 3 reasons are the concern about the quality and safety of vaccine(32.8%), short of knowledge about flu vaccine(26.5%) and no trust in the influenza-prevention function of the vaccine(17.8%). Conclusion The surveyed population had insufficient awareness of and no trust in influenza vaccines, so that in-depth analysis of the existing education model should be conducted to improve the situation. Children's parents should be surveyed for the vaccination willingness of children. The reluctance of the elderly to receive influenza vaccine should be analyzed. The influence of economy, local policies and other factors on the vaccination willingness of people should be investigated to improve influenza vaccination rate.
Timing the Preovulatory Surge of Gonadotropin Secretion

Boling et al. (1941) correlated ovulation time in rats with the interval from the beginning of heat behavior. Inasmuch as the beginning of heat in these rodents is itself related to the time of day (Hemmingsen and Krarup 1937), it follows that ovulation is governed in some manner by events related to circadian periodicity. It is now common knowledge that a major determinant is a pronounced surge of LH secretion on the afternoon of proestrus, beginning during a so-called “critical period” of a few hours, cued in turn by the photoperiod to which the animal is exposed. Awareness of the close relationship of ovulation time to clock hours in rats came from the studies with progesterone and estrogen outlined in the previous section.
Caught Off Guard at the Crossroads of Ideology and Affect: Documentary Films by the Daughters of Revolutionaries

Bernardita Llanos studies works by contemporary female filmmakers who are also the daughters of Argentine and Chilean revolutionaries. By looking at works by directors like Maria Ines Roque, Camila Guzman Urzua, Albertina Carri, and Macarena Aguilo, she shows how these daughters of exiled or disappeared parents are trapped at the crossroads of ideology and affect, conflicted by the masculinist, bourgeois family attachments that regulate their lives, social roles, and identities. In their films, male subjects, whose actions make women vulnerable, feature as “perpetrators” within the family scene. Nevertheless, the filmmakers challenge these (inherited) masculine versions of history and mobilize memory as a powerful tool to rewrite tragic experiences and affirm an identity in the present.
Discourse as Heuristic

With “Discourse as Heuristic,” Monty reflects on built theories in order to draw broader implications of and applications for research. This discussion begins by recovering the concept of the “ideal” writing center in order to argue for the inclusion of perspectives from an expanded base of stakeholders (not just institutional administrators, as are traditionally the case, but also interdisciplinary scholars, writing center tutors, students clients, representatives from the surrounding communities, and other contextually defined groups) when composing and constructing a local writing center’s disciplinary place and space. Finally, this chapter proposes new directions for studying the cultural and interdisciplinary contact zone of Critical Discourse Studies and Writing Center Studies (WCS).
Self-Injection, Transurethral, and Topical Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction

At this time there are three main agents for intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy and one agent for intraurethral therapy approved by the FDA for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). These effective agents were the focus of intense interest in the mid-1990s, but were quickly downgraded to second line therapy after the appearance of sildenafil. Indeed, while sildenafil prescriptions nearly doubled to 14 million from 1998 to 2001, prescriptions for alprostadil injections dropped by one third to 159,000 and MUSE™ prescriptions fell by two thirds to 132,000 (Wysowski and Swann, J Urol 169(3):1040–1042, 2003). It must be noted, however, that the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are ineffective in about 22–35 % of men (McMahon et al., J Urol 164(4):1192–1196, 2000). Furthermore, of the men treated with oral agents, a significant proportion will ultimately fail (even after PDE5I dose escalation) secondary to progression of their disease. Additionally, there are a significant number of men with contraindications to PDE5Is. The result is a large number of men who are unable to utilize oral treatments for erectile dysfunction. Fortunately, second line therapies in the form of vacuum erection devices (discussed in detail in a separate chapter), ICI, and MUSE™ are highly effective treatments that may be used when PDE5Is are contraindicated.
Evaluation of Fluorinated TAZA Analogs as Potential Ligands for Aβ Plaques

1031 Objectives Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaques and Tau aggregates in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate fluorinated analog of the novel radiotracer, 4-[11C]methylamino-4’-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene ([11C]TAZA), for binding to Aβ plaques in postmortem human brain. Methods 4-Amino-4’-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAZA) was reacted with 11C-methyl triflate to provide [11C]TAZA with FDG in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride using reported procedures (Baranwal et al., 2015) to produce the related compound, fluorodeoxyglucamine, FDGluDAZA. In vitro binding affinities were carried out in human AD brain homogenate with Aβ plaques labeled with [3H]PIB. In vitro autoradiography studies were performed on postmortem human brains of AD and Normal Controls (NC). Results TAZA had an affinity, Ki= 0.84 nM and was presented to be 5 times more potent than PIB (Ki= 6.67 nM) for the human Aβ binding site whereas FDGluDAZA had a weak micro-molar affinity for the [3H]PIB labeled sites in human AD brains. [11C]TAZA bound specifically to Aβ plaques present in AD brains with grey matter to white matter ratios >20. [11C]TAZA was displaced by PIB (>90%), suggesting similar binding site for [11C]TAZA and [11C]PIB. Incorporation of the 6-carbon chain in FDGluDAZA adversely effects the affinity for binding to Aβ plaques, contrary to that reported for the pegylated stilbene derivatives, such as [18F]florbetapir and [18F]florbetaben. The hydroxyl groups in FDGluDAZA may be unsuitable for the Aβ plaque binding site. Future binding affinity measures of the compounds to Tau aggregates are planned, since we have previously observed selective binding of related [18F]fluorinated derivatives in the human AD frontal cortex (Baranwal et al., 2014). Conclusions /b> TAZA exhibited high affinity and binding to Aβ plaques in human AD hippocampus while the fluorinated analog, FDGluDAZA had significantly weaker affinity. Pegylated derivatives of DAZA are currently being pursued in order to assess the influence of the hydroxyl groups in lowering the binding affinity. Further in vitro evaluation of these fluorinated derivatives is in progress since it has been shown that small modifications may affect the selectivity of the DAZA derivatives from Aβ plaques to Tau aggregates (Matsumura et al., 2011).
The Influence of Client Attributes and Organizational Climate on Tax Professionals

Abstract Tax professionals in public accounting firms must meet professional standards in working with their clients, but may also face pressure from both their clients and firms when making ethical decisions. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of client factors on tax professionals’ ethical decision-making. Furthermore, we also investigate how client service climate and different ethical climate types affect these ethical decisions. Based on an experimental design with 149 practicing tax professionals, results indicate that tax professionals are not swayed by client importance or social interaction with the client when making ethical decisions. However, tax professionals are more likely to engage in ethical behavior when their own accounting firm monitors and tracks the quality of client service, whereas unethical behavior is more common when public accounting firms emphasize using personal ethical beliefs in decision-making. The results of the study suggest the importance of strong policies and procedures to promote ethical decision-making in firms.
Data-driven parameter estimation of steady-state load models

Several techniques have been developed to estimate the load parameters in power systems. Most of the algorithms mainly focus on estimating the parameters for offline studies. With ongoing smart grid development, high-resolution data at fast rates are available to allow load modeling in real-time. This paper addresses the challenges in online estimation of the load parameters using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data. A novel adaptive search-based algorithm to estimate load model parameters is presented here. In this paper, Z (constant impedance), I (constant current) and P (constant power), ZIP load model is derived. Simulation results for ZIP parameter estimation are presented using the IEEE 14-bus system. Simulation results demonstrate the accurate estimation of the ZIP load model. ZIP parameters are also estimated using the industrial data and the voltage stability limits are computed using actual data to show the impact of ZIP parameters versus the traditional constant power load model.
Exploring the interactive effects of brand use and gender on cause‐related marketing over time

Research has shown that men and women respond differently to cause-related marketing (CRM) appeals with fictitious brands; however, few studies examine how CRM works for existing brands or measure long-term effects. To fill these gaps, we explore the influence of sponsor brand use and gender on responses to a CRM campaign at three points in time (premessage, postmessage exposure, and 2-week delay). We are the first study to identify the moderating effect of brand use on gendered responses to CRM messages. Nonbrand users increased their purchase intentions after CRM message exposure; this was especially true for men. Overall, our findings reinforce past research showing that CRM can positively influence short-term purchase intentions. We reveal new insights that show CRM can work especially well among nonbrand buyers; however, no significant long-term influence was found. Our results demonstrate the importance of segmenting the market by demographics and brand use as well as considering the long-term implications of CRM persuasion.
Detecting Photosymbiosis in Fossil Scleractinian Corals

The evolutionary success of reef-building corals is often attributed to photosymbiosis, a mutualistic relationship scleractinian corals developed with zooxanthellae; however, because zooxanthellae are not fossilized, it is difficult (and contentious) to determine whether ancient corals harbored symbionts. In this study, we analyze the δ15N of skeletal organic matrix in a suite of modern and fossil scleractinian corals (zooxanthellate- and azooxanthellate-like) with varying levels of diagenetic alteration. Significantly, we report the first analyses that distinguish shallow-water zooxanthellate and deep-water azooxanthellate fossil corals. Early Miocene (18–20 Ma) corals exhibit the same nitrogen isotopic ratio offset identified in modern corals. These results suggest that the coral organic matrix δ15N proxy can successfully be used to detect photosymbiosis in the fossil record. This proxy will significantly improve our ability to effectively define the evolutionary relationship between photosymbiosis and reef-building through space and time. For example, Late Triassic corals have symbiotic values, which tie photosymbiosis to major coral reef expansion. Furthermore, the early Miocene corals from Indonesia have low δ15N values relative to modern corals, implying that the west Pacific was a nutrient-depleted environment and that oligotrophy may have facilitated the diversification of the reef builders in the Coral Triangle.
Ultrasonic bone aspirator use in endoscopic ear surgery: feasibility and safety assessed using cadaveric temporal bones.

Objectives To describe the feasibility and assess the safety of using an ultrasonic bone aspirator in endoscopic ear surgery. Methods Five temporal bones were dissected via endoscopic ear surgery using a Sonopet ultrasonic bone aspirator. Atticoantrostomy was undertaken. Another four bones were dissected using routine endoscopic equipment and standard bone curettes in a similar manner. Feasibility and safety were assessed in terms of: dissection time, atticoantrostomy adequacy, tympanomeatal flap damage, chorda tympani nerve injury, ossicular injury, ossicular chain disruption, facial nerve exposure and dural injury. Results The time taken to perform atticoantrostomy was significantly less with the use of the ultrasonic bone aspirator as compared to conventional bone curettes. Conclusion The ultrasonic bone aspirator is a feasible option in endoscopic ear surgery. It enables easy bone removal, with no additional complications and greater efficacy than traditional bone curettes. It should be a part of the armamentarium for transcanal endoscopic ear surgery.
Teaching evidence-based lifestyle management in family medicine training.

Dear Editor,There is strong evidence that lifestyle changes, including nutrition and activity, contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases [1]. Obesity is the cause or an aggrava...
The Role of Ion Channels in Cellular Mechanotransduction of Hydrostatic Pressure

While pressure is a common mechanical parameter in the physiology of many organ systems, such as the vasculature, lungs, eyes, bladder, bone marrow, and brain, the conventional view that cells can only detect the deformation of physical structures has deterred further investigation of the effect of pressure itself. This is due to the long-lasting assumption that cells are incompressible so that they do not deform under hydrostatic pressure and cannot detect this physical quantity. The results of well-controlled studies, however, warrant careful reevaluation of this concept. Studies reviewed herein suggest that multiple mammalian cell types are sensitive to pure hydrostatic pressure within normal physiological ranges, and the signals may be mediated by activities of membrane-bound ion channels and transporters. Pressure changes as small as 0.5 cm H2O (50 Pa) have been shown to modulate potassium currents in vestibular type II hair cells from guinea pig utricles (Duwel et al. 2003), despite the fact that this is equivalent to less than a 4 m change in altitude near sea level. How such a small change in pressure can affect certain cell types while apparently having little effect on others remains an open question. Investigations of these phenomena are continuing to improve our understanding of pressure mechanotransduction and are critical to potentially treating pathophysiological pressure-related conditions in multiple organ systems.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome with Vascular Anomalies

DiGeorge syndrome, also termed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, represents a spectrum of disorders that include thymic aplasia/hypoplasia, parathyroid aplasia/hypoplasia, conotruncal vascular anomalies, and velocardiofacial (Shprintzen) syndrome. This case report describes a novel constellation of cardiovascular anomalies in a 31-year-old patient with 22q11.2 deletion confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization at the age of 24. CT angiogram of the thorax revealed a right aortic arch with mirror image branching and unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery with collateral flow through left intercostal arteries and hypertrophied left bronchial artery. This particular cluster of vascular findings has not been previously described in the imaging literature in a patient with known 22q11.2 deletion.
Patient-controlled sharing of medical imaging data across unaffiliated healthcare organizations

Background Current image sharing is carried out by manual transportation of CDs by patients or organization-coordinated sharing networks. The former places a significant burden on patients and providers. The latter faces challenges to patient privacy. Objective To allow healthcare providers efficient access to medical imaging data acquired at other unaffiliated healthcare facilities while ensuring strong protection of patient privacy and minimizing burden on patients, providers, and the information technology infrastructure. Methods An image sharing framework is described that involves patients as an integral part of, and with full control of, the image sharing process. Central to this framework is the Patient Controlled Access-key REgistry (PCARE) which manages the access keys issued by image source facilities. When digitally signed by patients, the access keys are used by any requesting facility to retrieve the associated imaging data from the source facility. A centralized patient portal, called a PCARE patient control portal, allows patients to manage all the access keys in PCARE. Results A prototype of the PCARE framework has been developed by extending open-source technology. The results for feasibility, performance, and user assessments are encouraging and demonstrate the benefits of patient-controlled image sharing. Discussion The PCARE framework is effective in many important clinical cases of image sharing and can be used to integrate organization-coordinated sharing networks. The same framework can also be used to realize a longitudinal virtual electronic health record. Conclusion The PCARE framework allows prior imaging data to be shared among unaffiliated healthcare facilities while protecting patient privacy with minimal burden on patients, providers, and infrastructure. A prototype has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of this approach.
REAL TIME IMAGING OF SHEAR BANDS INDUCED BY LOW VELOCITY SHOCKS DURING IMPACT OF CRYSTALS

The phenomenon of the heterogeneous energy distribution manifested as shear bands throughout the impacted solid is the subject of this study. More specifically, the role of the shear bands in the hot spot formation of an impacted crystal was explored. It is often assumed that upon impact, the energy from the impact is distributed homogeneously throughout the crystal. The formation of the localized areas of energy concentration, hot spots, is considered important in the process of plastic deformation of a crystal. The crystalline samples were subjected to low velocity shocks provided by a drop weight machine. The shear bands were imaged during the impact by arrays of fast responding (30 nanosecond) infrared detectors.
Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome: Gastrointestinal Features

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and macules on the lips and oral mucosa. The incidence rate is not clear.
Workplace bullying, biased behaviours and performance review in the nursing profession: A qualitative study

Aims and objectives To explore staff nurses' discourses of workplace bullying, to critically examine how these discourses affect their responses to bullying. Background Workplace bullying has been identified as a pervasive problem within the nursing profession. Efforts to eradicate workplace bullying need to involve staff-targets as well as bystanders. By understanding how this population conceptualises workplace bullying, more effective and targeted solutions to the problem can be devised. Design This qualitative study used a critical discourse analysis method which was based on the work of Foucault. Methods Thirteen staff nurses who worked in a variety of settings in the USA were interviewed. COREQ checklist was used for this article. Results Three interrelated discursive strands were identified: "biased behaviour manifested as workplace bullying, workplace bullying disguised as performance review and workplace bullying as entrenched behaviour in nursing". Actions in response to bullying varied according to which discursive strand was invoked. Conclusions The central theme at the intersection of the discursive strands was that workplace bullying is a mechanism for driving out nurses who are different. Relevance to clinical practice Efforts to address workplace bullying among nurses need to include training on legitimate methods of performance review, workshops on how to interact with diverse co-workers, and examination of how practices with nursing education contribute to the perpetuation of bullying in clinical settings.