cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binary compact object inspiral: Detection expectations

We review the current estimates of binary compact object inspiral rates in particular in view of the recently discovered highly relativistic binary pulsar J0737-3039. One of the robust results is that, because of this discovery, the rate estimates for binary neutron stars have increased by a factor of 6–7 independent of any uncertainties related to the pulsar population properties. This rate increase has dramatic implications for gravitational wave detectors. For initial LIGO, the most probable detection rates for double neutron star (DNS) inspirals is 1 event/(5-250) yr; at 95% confidence we obtain rates up to 1/1.5 yr. For advanced LIGO, the most probable rates are 20–1000 events/yr. These predictions, for the first time, bring the expectations for DNS detections by initial LIGO to the astrophysically relevant regime. We also use our models to predict that the largescale Parkes multibeam pulsar survey with acceleration searches could detect an average of three to four binary pulsars similar to those known at present. In comparison, rate estimates for binaries with black holes are derived based on binary evolution calculation, and based on the optimistic ends of the ranges, remain an important candidate for inspiral detection in the next few years. We also consider another aspect of the detectability of binary inspiral: the effect of precession on the detection efficiency of astrophysically relevant binaries. Based on our current astrophysical expectations, large tilt angles are not favored. As a result the decrease in detection rate varies rather slowly with black hole spin magnitude and is within 20–30% of the maximum possible values.
The Marginalization of Evangelical Feminism

Drawing on the theory of religious subcultural strength this article proposes an explanation for the failure of evangelical feminism to substantially replace hegemonic ideas of gender hierarchy and difference among American evangelicals. Although a thread of discourse supporting partnership and mutuality between women and men has a long history within Christianity, it is not until the nineteenth century that it emerges as a viable alternative to hierarchy as the basis of domestic and church relations. Suppressed in the early twentieth century as part of the efforts of conservative Protestants to distinguish themselves from moderate and mainline Protestants, evangelical feminism reemerged in the 1960s and early 1970s. Using data from a national survey, I assess the degree to which gender hierarchy and egalitartianism characterize the perspectives of contemporary evangelicals. Although the majority of ordinary evangelicals are pragmatically egalitarian, the ideals of "biblical" or evangelical feminism remain relatively marginalized within evangelical subculture.
Sensing and Control of Double-Sided Arc Welding Process

The welding industry is driven to improve productivity without sacrificing quality. For thick material welding, the current practice is to use backing or multiple passes. The laser welding process, capable of achieving deep narrow penetration, can significantly improve welding productivity for such applications by reducing the number of passes. However, its competitiveness in comparison with traditional arc welding is weakened by its high cost, strict fit-up requirement, and difficulty in welding large structures. In this work, a different method, referred to as double-sided arc welding (DSAW) is developed to improve the arc concentration for arc welding. A sensing and control system is developed to achieve deep narrow penetration under variations in welding conditions. Experiments verified that the pulsed keyhole DSAW system developed is capable of achieving deep narrow penetration on a 1/2 inch thick square butt joint in a single pass.
A revision of Agrimonia Rosaceae in North and Central America

We conducted a morphological study of the Agrimonia species of North and Central America to clarify species limits and facilitate identification. We recognize eight species: A. parviflora, A. incisa, A. microcarpa, A. pubescens, A. rostellata, A. gryposepala, A. pringlei, and A. striata. A key for identification as well as descriptions of the recognized taxa with a discussion of the nomenclature and discriminating morphological characters are presented. Lectotypes are designated for A. parviflora, A. suaveolens, A. serrifolia, A. incisa, A. pumila, A. parviflora DC non Aiton, A. eupatoria δ parviflora, and A. striata. A lectotype and an epitype are designated for A. platycarpa. A neotype is designated for A. rostellata.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and the Framingham Heart Study

Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Heart Study is a population-based epidemiologic study that has contributed to our knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. This review will focus on the contemporary contributions of the Framingham Heart Study to the field of diabetes epidemiology, including data on diabetes trends, genetics, and future advances in population-based studies.
Superspace, dimensional reduction, and stochastic quantization

Abstract The equivalence between a 6-dimensional stochastic classical scalar field theory and the corresponding 4-dimensional quantum field theory has been shown to stem from a hidden supersymmetry of the former. This has led to a formulation of quantum field theory in a superspace of 6 commuting and 2 anticommuting dimensions. We study gauge and spinor field theories defined on this superspace, showing that the dimensional reduction is a consequence of the geometry of the superspace, and that the stochastic formalism for gauge theories is a natural consequence of the structure of the superspace theory. This allows us to extend the stochastic formalism to include spinors.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its significance in foods.

Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 was conclusively identified as a pathogen in 1982 following its association with two food-related outbreaks of an unusual gastrointestinal illness. The organism is now recognized as an important cause of foodborne disease, with outbreaks reported in the U.S.A., Canada, and the United Kingdom. Illness is generally quite severe, and can include three different syndromes, i.e., hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Most outbreaks have been associated with eating undercooked ground beef or, less frequently, drinking raw milk. Surveys of retail raw meats and poultry revealed E. coli O157:H7 in 1.5 to 3.5% of ground beef, pork, poultry, and lamb. Dairy cattle, especially young animals, have been identified as a reservoir. The organism is typical of most E. coli, but does possess distinguishing characteristics. For example, E. coli O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol within 24 h, does not possess β-glucuronidase activity, and does not grow well or at all at 44–45.5°C. The organism has no unusual heat resistance; heating ground beef sufficiently to kill typical strains of salmonellae will also kill E. coli O157:H7. The mechanism of pathogenicity has not been fully elucidated, but clinical isolates produce one or more verotoxins which are believed to be important virulence factors. Little is known about the significance of pre-formed verotoxins in foods. The use of proper hygienic practices in handling food of animal origin and proper heating of such foods before consumption are important control measures for the prevention of E. coli O157:H7 infections.
Compression and progressive transmission of images

To be able to compact large amounts of multimedia data and route it through a busy network at interactive rates has emerged as one of the biggest technological challenges of our times. Recently, there has been much activity in the areas of theoretical compression models using wavelets, evaluation of suitable wavelets for compression, fast real- time compression/decompression systems, and parallelized VLSI algorithms. Little work has been donee towards integrating these developments into a tightly coupled optimized scheme. We take a unified approach to developing a real-time compression/transmission system using a tight coupling of hierarchical vector quantization (HVQ) on discrete wavelet transformed images. We simultaneously optimize for speed, performance and scalability on several fronts, e.g. choice of wavelet, parallelizability, and efficient VLSI implementation. In doing so we demonstrate a speedup of O(logL), as well as reduce storage by a factor of O(log)L3. To achieve this we argue that the simplest wavelets, i.e. the Haar bases suffice for our scheme, because HVQ retains detail coefficients.We also show how to integrate the algorithm into the parallel graphics library, in order to achieve parallelized compression and progressive transmission of images.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The malignant conversion step of mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Multiple benign squamous papillomas commonly precede the development of an occasional squamous cell carcinoma in mouse skin carcinogenesis. The incidence of carcinomas can be enhanced by treating p...
Myosin VI undergoes a 180° power stroke implying an uncoupling of the front lever arm

We simultaneously measure both the step size, via FIONA, and the 3-D orientation, via DOPI, of the light-chain domain of individual dimeric myosin VIs. This allows for the correlation of the change in orientation of the light chain domain to the stepping of the motor. Three different pairs of positions were tested using a rigid bifunctional rhodamine on the calmodulin of the IQ domain. The data for all three labeling positions support the model that the light chain domain undergoes a significant rotation of approximately 180°. Contrary to an earlier study [Sun, Y. et al. (2007) Mol Cell 28, 954–964], our data does not support a model of multiple angles of the lever arm of the lead head, nor “wiggly” walking on actin. Instead, we propose that for the two heads of myosin VI to coordinate their processive movement, the lever arm of the lead head must be uncoupled from the converter until the rear head detaches. More specifically, intramolecular strain causes the myosin VI lever arm of the lead head to uncouple from the motor domain, allowing the motor domain to go through its product-release (phosphate and ADP) steps at an unstrained rate. The lever arm of the lead head rebinds to the motor and attains a rigor conformation when the rear head detaches. By coupling the orientation and position information with previously described kinetics, this allows us to explain how myosin VI coordinates its heads processively while maintaining the ability to move under load with a (semi-) rigid lever arm.
Analysis of the rad3‐101 and rad3‐102 mutations of saccharomyces cerevisiae: Implications for structure/function of rad3 protein

The mutations rad3-101 and rad3-102 (formerly rem1-1 and rem1-2) of the essential RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confer a phenotype of semidominant enhancement of spontaneous mitotic recombination and mutation frequencies, but not extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light. These properties differ from the previously published observations of other rad3 mutations, which are very UV-sensitive but do not alter recombination frequencies significantly. We have located the position of DNA sequence changes from wild-type RAD3 to the rad3-101 and rad3-102 mutations and have demonstrated that these sequence changes are necessary and sufficient to confer the (Rem-) mutant phenotype when transferred into otherwise wild-type RAD3 plasmids. The Rem- mutations are not located in the same region. It is possible that the two regions of the gene in which these mutations map define portions of the molecule which are in contact when folded in the native configuration. To begin to test this hypothesis, we have constructed two double mutant alleles, one with rad3-101 and rad3-102, and one with the UV-sensitive rad3-1 mutation and rad3-102. We find that plasmids carrying these double mutant alleles of RAD3 are no longer able to confer a hyper-recombinational phenotype and do not complement the UV-sensitivity of the excision-defective rad3-2 allele. We conclude that the double mutant alleles are non-functional for excision repair, and may be null. We have also constructed new rad3 alleles by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and have tested their effects on spontaneous mutation and mitotic recombination and on UV repair.
Distal embolic protection during renal artery angioplasty and stenting.

Background Percutaneous renal artery angioplasty and/or stenting (RA-PTAS) is increasingly being used as an alternative to surgery for renal artery revascularization. Unfortunately, renal function responses after RA-PTAS appear to be inferior to those observed after surgical revascularization both in terms of improving and preventing deterioration of renal function postintervention. Atheroembolism during RA-PTAS has been postulated as a potential cause for the disparate results. Strategies to limit the occurrence of atheroembolism, such as the use of distal embolic protection (DEP) systems, may result in improved outcomes after RA-PTAS. Methods All RA-PTAS procedures performed with DEP (using a commercially available temporary balloon occlusion and aspiration catheter) between October 2003 and July 2005 were reviewed. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated preintervention and 4 to 6 weeks postintervention using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Renal function and hypertension response rates as well as procedural data were classified and reported according to American Heart Association guidelines. Renal function improvement and deterioration were defined as a 20% increase and decrease in eGFR, respectively, compared with preoperative values. Continuous and categoric data were analyzed using paired t tests and repeated measures linear models. Results DEP was used in 32 RA-PTAS procedures in 15 women and 11 men with a mean age of 71 years. All patients were hypertensive, 24 (92%) had renal insufficiency, and the mean preintervention degree of renal artery stenosis was 79%. Immediate technical success was achieved in 100% of RA-PTAS cases. Mean pre- and postintervention serum creatinine and eGFR values were 1.9 vs 1.6 mg/dL ( P 2 ( P Conclusions RA-PTAS using DEP resulted in 4- to 6-week postintervention renal function results approximating those of surgical revascularization. These data suggest that DEP use may prevent renal function harm during RA-PTAS as a result of atheroembolism and warrant further investigation.
Testosterone receptors in corpora cavernosa of penis

Despite existing information that most impotent patients have normal serum testosterone, testosterone is still used frequently in the treatment of impotence. In 11 patients who underwent penile implantation, we measured the presence of testosterone receptors in the corpora cavernosa. An average value of 1.82 fmol/mg of protein cytosol was found in this group of patients. This value is too low to obtain any significant improvement in erectile function following testosterone application. Testosterone hypogonadism will likely remain the only indication in which testosterone application might improve organically triggered impotence.
Mouse strain-specific changes in nicotinic receptor expression with age.

Abstract The onset and severity of age-related loss of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in the mammalian hippocampus can vary considerably between individuals. We have examined the expression of four nAChR subunits (nAChRα4, nAChRα5, nAChRα7 and nAChRβ4) in the dorsal hippocampus of adult (12–14 months) and aged (24–28 month) animals from two-mouse strains (CBA/J and C57BL/6). The expression of nAChRα4 was selectively diminished with age in both strains, and there was a significant loss of nAChRα7 in CA1 of aged CBA/J, but not C57BL/6. There was no change in nAChRα5 expression with age whereas nAChRβ4 preferentially diminished in the C57BL/6 CA1 region and remained the same or slightly increased in the aged CBA/J. Coincident with the loss of neuronal nAChRα4 in the CBA/J strain was a significant age-related increase of nAChRα4 staining of astrocytes, most notably in the stratum radiatum. These results suggest that mouse strains of different genetic backgrounds undergo dissimilar age-related changes in the expression of nAChRs.
Access to Phosphorylation in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase May Occur by Domain Shifting

To clarify further the mechanism of regulation by phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, cocrystallization of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase in the p...
Separation of metal cations by electrophoresis in a positively charged coated capillary

In the expanding field of capillary electrophoresis, the use of coated capillaries is becoming more widespread. Application of a thin polymer coating on the surface of the silica capillary wall makes it possible to generate a capillary wall of positive or no charge when using a typical buffer of a pH of 5.0 to ca. 6.0, thereby altering the electroosmotic flow. Indeed, when a coating is used which carries a positive charge under appropriate buffer conditions, the electroosmotic flow is reversed from the normal direction. This reversal increases the migration times of metal cations and also improves separation efficiency. In this work, a positively charged coated capillary was used with a 2-aminopyridine buffer system for the separation of metal cations. Separations using this system compared favorably with other published results. The positively charged coated column yielded cation separations superior to those obtained with uncoated columns. This system proved effective for the separation of many cations, including lanthanides.
A randomized, double-blind, phase I/II trial of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma for treatment of AIDS-related complex (Protocol 025 from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group).

To determine safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, a randomized, double-blind study was conducted. Twenty-five patients with AIDS-related complex and CD4 lymphocytes ≤500 x 106/L attended an AIDS Clinical Trials Unit of a tertiary referral center. Patients were administered tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (10 μg/m2) or IFNγ (10 μg/m2), or both intramuscularly three times weekly for 16 weeks. Side effects from all three preparations included fever, constitutional symptoms, and local reactions. No significant hematologic, hepatic, renal, or coagulation abnormalities were observed. CD4 lymphocyte counts, beta2-microglobulin, p24 antigen levels, and anti-p24 antibody did not change significantly during therapy. Similarly, no significant change was noted in rates of HIV isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or plasma. TNF and IFNγ were tolerable after premedication with ...
Practical aspects of modeling apertures for signal and power integrity co-simulation

When the return path of a signal is not continuous, unwanted noise will couple to the return current, leading to worsening of the signal waveform. To prevent such a signal integrity issue, a thorough understanding of the physics of the return path discontinuity (RPD) is critical. This paper presents analysis and quantification of the impact of RPDs in the presence of a power delivery network. The study of the different types of RPDs, such as a gap between reference planes and an aperture, provides designing and modeling guidelines. The guidelines are applied to an efficient PDN analysis method to further improve computational efficiency.
Transferring the 45/0 spectral reflectance factor scale

The accuracy of spectrophotometric measurements is limited by the standards that are used to calibrate the instrument. Therefore, the procedure used in transferring the spectral reflectance factor scale from one material to another for use in calibration must induce the minimum amount of error. the Munsell Color Science Laboratory has been transferring the spectral reflectance factor scale to calibration materials using a statistical method to correct for the most pervasive systematic errors in the measurement process. This method is based on a statistical procedure in which a set of systematic spectrophotometric errors are estimated based on the measurement of seven NIST primary standards and corrected in subsequent measurements. the optimization of the spectral reflectance factor scale to NIST standards minimizes the induced error. the average reflectance factor error consistently found between the corrected measurements of the NIST standards and their certificate values have been 0.0006 and the average δab has been on the order of 0.2.
Beneficial actions of imidazole in endotoxin shock

The effects of imidazole were studied in anesthetized cats during endotoxin shock. Imidazole (25 mg/hg/hr) was administered 30 minutes after intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg). The degree of the severity of the shock state was assessed by mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and by plasma cathepsin D and MDF activities. Analysis of thromboxane B2 concentrations during shock was also performed by radioimmunoassay. Administration of imidazole to cats given endotoxin partially prevented the decrease in MABP of endotoxin shock. Imidazole significantly prevented the increase in plasma cathepsin D and MDF activities. Thus, infusion of imidazole resulted in metabolic and hemodynamic improvement during endotoxin shock. The mechanism of imidazole protection appears to be via lysosomal membrane stabilization, stimulation of cardiac function and possibly by antagonizing the biochemical effects of endotoxin administration, rather than by inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Data obtained using imidazole to block thromboxane synthesis in shock states must be interpreted with caution.
Partial characterization of the bile salt-dependent triacylglycerol lipase from the leopard shark pancreas

Abstract Leopard shark triacylglycerol lipase has been characterized as a crude pancreatic preparation. The enzyme demonstrated an absolute requirement for trihydroxy bile salts for activity with natural bile salts of the shark giving a 4-fold greater stimulation of activity than pure sodium taurocholate. Bile salts also protected the enzyme from apparent inactivation by p -chloromercuribenzoate and trypsin treatment. The shark lipase demonstrated a temperature optimum of 36° C and was rapidly inactivated at 50° C even in the presence of bile salts. Divalent metal ions were required for activity with Ca 2+ providing the greatest stimulation. At 22° C, pH 8.5 and in the presence of natural bile salts, the apparent V was about 0.6 μmol fatty acid released/min per mg protein. The shark enzyme hydrolyzed over 90% of the fatty acids from trioleoylglycerol and methyl esters of pancreatic lipase-resistant fatty acids were hydrolyzed at the same rate as typical fatty acid methyl esters. Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol proceeded about ten-times faster than wax ester hydrolysis. The kinetic properties of the leopard shark enzyme were compared to other bile salt-dependent lipolytic enzymes. Pancreatic lipase activity was not dectected.
Ultrastructure of Culicosporella lunata (Microsporida: Culicosporellidae fam. n.) in the mosquito Culex pilosus (Diptera: Culicidae) with new information on the developmental cycle.

The ultrastructural cytology of Culicosporella lunata is described from larvae of its mosquito host Culex pilosus. Diplokaryotic sporonts entered 1 of 12 fundamentally different sporulation sequences that occurred concurrently, each producing morphologically distinctive spores. One involved abortive meiosis and rarely ended with meiospores; the other, the predominant one, involved diplokaryotic sporogonial plasmodia and produced lanceolate, binucleate spores. A previously unknown sporulation sequence in the adult mosquito was found to result in a second type of binucleate spore. The taxonomic affinities of Culicosporella lunata are discussed and because of its distinctive characters, Culicosporellidae fam. n. is created.
A faster parameterized algorithm for set packing

We present an efficient parameterized algorithm for the (k,t)-set packing problem, in which we are looking for a collection of k disjoint sets whose union consists of t elements. The complexity of the algorithm is O(2^O^(^t^)nNlogN). For the special case of sets of bounded size, this improves the O((ck)^kn) algorithm of Jia et al. [J. Algorithms 50 (1) (2004) 106].
Congenital anorectal stricture.

Summary 1.Congenital anorectal stricture was found in 39 of 100 consecutive infants brought for routine care to the well-baby clinic. 2.Only 9 of the 39 strictures gave rise to associated symptoms. 3.All the strictures dilated spontaneously if left untreated when the infants reached the age somewhere between 3 and 6 months. 4.Strictures giving rise to associated symptoms should be treated to give the infants relief. 5.Treatment is best accomplished by single-stage dilatation with flexible rubber dilators * lubricated with a liquid, topical analgesic. † *Flexible rubber dilators supplied through courtesy of F. E. Young and Company.†Rectalgan, supplied through courtesy of Mallon Division of Doho Chemical Corporation.
A neuron as a signal processing device

A neuron is a basic physiological and computational unit of the brain. While much is known about the physiological properties of a neuron, its computational role is poorly understood. Here we propose to view a neuron as a signal processing device that represents the incoming streaming data matrix as a sparse vector of synaptic weights scaled by an outgoing sparse activity vector. Formally, a neuron minimizes a cost function comprising a cumulative squared representation error and regularization terms. We derive an online algorithm that minimizes such cost function by alternating between the minimization with respect to activity and with respect to synaptic weights. The steps of this algorithm reproduce well-known physiological properties of a neuron, such as weighted summation and leaky integration of synaptic inputs, as well as an Oja-like, but parameter-free, synaptic learning rule. Our theoretical framework makes several predictions, some of which can be verified by the existing data, others require further experiments. Such framework should allow modeling the function of neuronal circuits without necessarily measuring all the microscopic biophysical parameters, as well as facilitate the design of neuromorphic electronics.
The control of mosquito-borne diseases in New York City

Mosquito control began in New York City in 1901. Large-scale efforts to drain marshlands occurred through the 1930s, and aerial application of pesticide occurred as early as 1956. Components of early mosquito-borne disease control were reimplemented in 1999–2000 in response to an outbreak of West Nile virus, and included promoting public and health professional awareness regarding disease causation and prevention, providing free government laboratory testing, case reporting, mapping of mosquito breeding sites and their elimination or application of larvicide to them, and adult mosquito control. Because a potential for various mosquito-borne diseases in New York City persists, continued efforts are warranted to limit mosquito breeding, to monitor adult mosquito populations for the presence of human pathogens, and to establish protocols and capacity for adult mosquito control.
Per-port statistical estimation of bit error rate and optical signal-to-noise ratio in DWDM telecommunications

In telecommunications, the incoming information signal is susceptible to attenuation, noise and jitter. Bit error rate, Q-factor, and signal to noise ratio are three key parameters that determine channel performance. Typical error detecting and correcting codes detect up to sixteen errors and correct up to eight within a block of information. Although this method monitors each channel without service interruption, the detection code has a limited error detection capability and requires several frames (or packets) to estimate bit error rate and thus it takes a relatively long time. Another method is based on “eye diagrams”; however, this requires costly equipment and off-line measurements in addition to service interruption. In this paper, we describe the mathematical background of statistical estimation of eye-diagrams and we present a circuit that automatically estimates BER, SNR, and Q-factor at each port without service interruption. This method is based on statistical sampling and therefore estimates are made in short intervals. In addition, we describe the functional block of a VLSI circuit that estimates the aforementioned performance parameters.
An hypothesis of the molecular structure of the dopamine receptor

Neurotensin has psychopharmacological properties similar to dopamine receptor blocking drugs. A Chou and Fasman analysis of the primary sequence suggests that the sequence 1-6 forms an alpha-helix broken by pro (7) and 9-12 forms a beta-turn. This allows the peptide molecule to form an amphoteric structure with, on one side, the evenly space array - p glu - glu - arg - arg - ( delta- - + +) which is self-complementary. Thus, two molecules of neurotensin placed head to tail can form a Kusnetsov-Ghokov grid with four cross-links (p glu and glu to arg - arg) x 2. The walls of a shadow potential receptor cup are formed by asn(5), pro(7), ile(12) and pro(10) on each side. CPK model building experiments indicate that this structure is complementary to a wide range of dopamine agonists and antagonists. Therefore, the hypothesis is presented that neurotensin may mimic part of the DA receptor protein. Thus it may form a 'false' receptor and trap dopamine molecules, thus diminishing the dopamine effect. Similarities between this proposed structure and a model of the molecular structure of the acetylcholine receptor are detailed.
Prognostic significance of the Medical Research Council cytogenetic classification compared with the European LeukaemiaNet risk classification system in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Patients with newly diagnosed, non-M3 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated between 1993 and 2012 with available cytogenetic data were analysed based on the European Leukaemia Net (ELN-C) and UK Medical Research Council classification (MRC-C) systems (Dohner, et al 2010, Grimwade, et al 2010). Patients 60 years with non-favourable cytogenetics were treated with lower- intensity programmes utilizing azacitidine, decitabine and novel agents. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board and patients signed informed consents in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
The Development of Second Language Proficiency

The Development of Second Language Proficiency. Birgit Harley. Patrick Allen. Jim Cummins. and Merrill Swain. eds. The Cambridge Applied Linguistics Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 248 pp. n.p.
Effects of injection of bovine pineal extract on the nuclei of rat pineal parenchymal cells.

THE pineal parenchymal cells are known to be rich in nucleoprotein1,2. Oksche3 showed that pineal-cell nuclei contain a ‘nucleolus apparatus’ which extrudes some nuclear substance into the cellular cytoplasm. In general, the number of nucleoli and intranuclear granules in any cell is probably a useful index of the rate of protein synthesis4. This idea has led several authors to use pineal intranuclear changes as evidence of changed pineal functional status: both Oksche3 and Quay5 reported variations in pineal intranuclear activity owing to changes in illumination of their animals' cages. Quay5 also correlated changes in pineal cell nuclei with periodic variations in pituitary gonadotropic activity.
P-points and Q-points over a measurable cardinal

Abstract This paper presents constructions of κ-ultrafilters over a measurable cardinal κ, specifically p -points and q -points, in the continuation of works of Gitik, Kanamori and Ketonen. On the assumption of supercompactness, Kunen has shown the existence of a chain of p -points, in the Rudin–Keisler ordering, of maximal length. We shall prove a similar result for q -points. Results of Mitchell [8,9] establish connections between Rudin—Keisler chains of κ-ultrafilters and inner models of “∃ ν ( o ( ν )= ν ++ )”. This shows the necessity of some strong large cardinal hypothesis. The second part of the paper is devoted to a separation property of κ- ultrafilters (cf. Kanamori and Taylor). To answer a question of Taylor concerning the existence of a non-separating p -point, we use a combination of Silver's Forcing and iterated ultrapowers; the proof itself may be of some interest.
A superfast algorithm for self-grouping of multiple objects in image plane

If we apply the developed local polar edge detection method, or LPED method, to a binary image (with each pixel being either black or white), we can obtain the boundary points of all objects embedded in the more randomly distributed noise background in sub-milli-second time. Then we can apply our newly developed grouping or clustering algorithm to separate the boundary points for all objects into individual-object, boundary-point groups. Then we can apply our fast identification-and-tracking technique to automatically identify each object by its unique geometry shape and track its movement simultaneously for N objects like we did before for two objects. This paper will concentrate at the algorithm design of this superfast grouping technique. It is not like the classical combinatorial clustering algorithm in which the computation time increases exponentially with the number of points to be clustered. It is a linear time grouping method in which the grouping time increases only linearly with the number of the total points to be grouped. The total time for automatic grouping of 100-200 boundary points into separated object boundary groups is about 10 to 50 milli-seconds
Growth of epitaxial CoSi2 on Si(100) using Si(100)/Ti/Co bilayers

Abstract Epitaxial CoSi 2 is grown on Si(100) by reaction of a Co film deposited on a Si substrate, initially separated by a thin Ti layer. Inversion of the layers and formation of a highly strained CoSi 2 layer can be obtained by steady-state annealing of these Si(100)/Ti/Co structures in both reactive (N 2 , N 2 + H 2 , He + H 2 ) and nonreactive (vacuum) ambients. A reactive annealing ambient chemically binds the Ti near the surface as an oxide or nitride layer, on top of an epitaxial CoSi 2 layer. This bilayer structure remains preserved during a high-temperature treatment. In a nonreactive ambient (vacuum), a similar inversion of Co and Ti is observed, as well as Si outdiffusion to the surface. At intermediate temperatures, vacuum annealing of Si(100)/Ti/Co thus results in an epitaxial CoSi 2 layer on the Si substrate, capped with a layer containing Co, Ti and Si, the composition of which evolves rapidly with annealing time and/or temperature. During high-temperature treatment in vacuum, these layers react further, resulting in a uniform layer of Co 0.25 Ti 0.75 Si 2 and epitaxial CoSi 2 .
A novel method for generating and screening peptides and libraries displayed on adenovirus fiber

Capsid-displayed adenoviral peptide libraries have been a significant, yet unfeasible goal in biotechnology. Three barriers have made this difficult: the large size of the viral genome, the low efficiency of converting plasmid-based genomes into packaged adenovirus and the fact that library amplification is hampered by the ability of two (or more) virus to co-infect one cell. Here, we present a novel vector system, pFex, which is capable of overcoming all three barriers. With pFex, modified fiber genes are recombined into the natural genetic locus of adenovirus through unidirectional Cre–lox recombination. Modified-fiber genes can be directly shuttled into replicating viral genomes in mammalian cells. The ‘acceptor’ vector does not contain the fiber gene, and therefore does not propagate until it has received a ‘donor’ fiber gene. Therefore, This methodology overcomes the low efficiency of transfecting large viral genomes and bypasses the need for transition to functional virus. Thus, with a fiber-shuttle library, one can generate and evaluate large numbers of fiber-modified adenovirus simultaneously. Finally, successful fiber genes can be rescued from virus and recombined back into shuttle plasmids, avoiding the need to propagate mixed viral pools. For proof of principal, we use this new system to screen a capsid-displayed peptide library for retargeted viral infection.
Cellular and luminal forms of rat intestinal calcium-binding protein as studied by counter ion electrophoresis.

Abstract A novel method, termed counter ion electrophoresis, has been developed to identify calcium-binding proteins. In this procedure labeled calcium ( 45 CaCl 2 ) is added to the lower (anode) chamber reservoir, and the protein sample is applied to the polyacrylamide gel in the upper (cathode) chamber reservoir. As the calcium migrates toward the cathode and the proteins move toward the anode, calcium-binding sites in the gel become labeled and gel slices, containing these sites, can be identified by liquid scintillimetry after solubilization. Application of this procedure to a study of the vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in growing rats has shown that calcium-binding protein occurs consistently as two protein bands in material from mucosal scrapings, but only as one band (band 1) in material from isolated intestinal cells. Bands 1 and 2 are shown to behave as charge isomers, with band 2 more negatively charged. In weanling rats, material from mucosal scrapings yielded only band 1. When calcium-binding protein from mucosal scrapings of growing rats was prepared in the presence of phenylmethylsufonyl fluoride, the amount of band 2 was reduced. Incubation for 2 h at 37 °C of partially purified calcium-binding protein from mucosal scrapings transformed band 1 to band 2, a conversion inhibited by phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride. Similar treatment of partially purified calcium-binding protein from isolated cells had no effect on band 1. It is concluded that band 1 is the cellular and native form of calcium-binding protein which is transformed enzymatically to band 2 in the presence of luminal material.
Detachable hydrocoils in visceral and peripheral embolization: technical success and difficulties in a 61 patients series

Purpose To share our experience with the use of detachable hydrocoils for visceral and peripheral embolization procedures (VPEP), technical success and difficulties. Besides a study of 11 patients by Nambiar et al (1), there is no large study in literature about usage of hydrocoils in VPEP. Materials and Methods From March 2008 to April 2011, 61 patients (34 males, 27 females); 16-86 years old (mean 57.6)) underwent VPEP with detachable hydrocoils. 63 procedures were performed involving 66 sites; no additional embolic material was used in 24. 0.018” hydrocoils were used at 54 sites; 0.035” at 4 sites; at 3 sites, both sizes were used. Technical success was defined as satisfactory coil deployment and complete occlusion of the target site. For indications, see Table. Follow up DSA was available in 14 of 20 patients which underwent radioembolization, with mean follow up period of 31.9 days (range 14-120 days). Recanalization was evaluated in these patients. Results 55 of 63 procedures (87.3%) were technically successful. Causes of failure included an over sized coil (1), coil deployment causing catheter displacement (1), incomplete occlusion (3), non-target embolization (2), or premature coil detachment (1). Coil retrieval was attempted in 3 of these cases, and was successful in 1. On follow up DSA, no recanalization was observed in 12 of 14 patients (86%), and persistent slow flow in 2 (14% ). Conclusion Detachable hydrocoils are safe and effective for VPEP in this sample. Recanalization is rare after successful embolization and occlusion. Once detached, retrieval may not always be possible. Reference 1. Nambiar AP, Bozlar U, Angle JF, Jensen ME, Hagspiel KD. Initial clinical experience with biopolymer-coated detachable coils (HydroCoil) in peripheral embolization procedures. JVIR 2008;19:995-1001. Table 1
Mineralization of flagella for nanotube formation

Abstract Flagella isolated from Salmonella typhimurium were used as a template for the formation of TiO 2 nanotubes, which was accomplished through recent advances in low temperature ceramic film processing. TiO 2 is precipitated onto or attracted to the flagellar surface in aqueous solution. The mechanism of mineral film formation is similar to that of biominerals in nacre, sea urchin spine, and sponge spicule. This process is advantageous over other mineralization processes, as no genetic modification of the flagella is necessary and the mineralization is done at low temperature in aqueous solution.
The Spiritual Genogram in Training and Supervision

Religious and spiritual issues often surface in couple and family counseling. In this article, the author describes the spiritual genogram, which is a blueprint of family members’ multigenerational...
Backstepping control of density and energy profiles in a burning tokamak plasma

The control of plasma density profiles is one of the most fundamental problems in fusion reactors. During reactor operation, the spatial profiles of deuterium-tritium fuel, alpha-particles generated by fusion reactions, and energy must be precisely regulated. Here we apply a backstepping boundary control technique to stabilize an unstable equilibrium in a burning plasma. A one-dimensional approximation of the transport equation for energy as well as the density of deuterium-tritium fuel ions and alpha-particles is represented in cylindrical coordinates by a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). To control the ion and energy density profiles, the PDE system is discretized in space using a finite difference method and a backstepping design is applied to obtain a discrete transformation from the original system into an asymptotically stable target system. Numerical simulations of the resulting boundary control law show that the profiles can be successfully controlled with just one step of backstepping.
Cooling of Microelectronic Devices Packaged in a Single Chip Module Using Single Phase Refrigerant R-123

An approach towards practical application of microchannel cooling system is necessary as the demand of high power density devices is increasing. Colgan et. al. [1] have designed a unit known as Single Chip Module (SCM) by considering the practical issues for packaging a microchannel cooling system with a microelectronic device. The performance of the SCM has already been investigated by using water as working fluid by Colgan et. al. [1]. Considering the actual working conditions, water cannot be used in electronic devices as the working fluid because any leakage may lead to system damage. Alternative fluids like refrigerants were considered. In this research, the performance of SCM has been studied by using refrigerant R-123 as working fluid and compared with water cooled system. Cooling of 83.33 W/cm 2 has been achieved for a powered area of 3 cm 2 by maintaining chip temperature of 60 o C. The heat transfer co-efficient obtained at a flowrate of 0.7
Removal of ovarian hormones from mature mice detrimentally affects muscle contractile function and myosin structural distribution

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of ovarian hormone removal on force-generating capacities and contractile proteins in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of ...
Thermoregulatory responses to thermal stimulation of the preoptic anterior hypothalamus in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

The preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) thermoregulatory controller can be characterized by two types of control, an adjustable setpoint temperature and changing POAH thermal sensitivity. Setpoint temperatures for shivering (Tshiver) and panting (Tpant) both increased with decreasing ambient temperature (Ta), and decreased with increasing Ta. The POAH controller is twice as sensitive to heating as to cooling. Metabolic rate (MR) increased during both heating and cooling of the POAH. Resting temperature of the POAH was lower than internal body temperature (Tb) at all temperatures. This indicates the presence of some form of brain cooling mechanism. Decreased Tb during POAH heating was a result of increased heat dissipation, while higher Tb during POAH cooling was a result of increased heat production and reduced heat dissipation. The surface temperature responses indicated that foxes can actively control heat flow from body surface. Such control can be achieved by increased peripheral blood flow and vasodilation during POAH heating, and reduced peripheral blood flow and vasoconstriction during POAH cooling. The observed surface temperature changes indicated that the thermoregulatory vasomotor responses can occur within 1 min following POAH heating or cooling. Such a degree of regulation can be achieved only by central neural control. Only surface regions covered with relatively short fur are used for heat dissipation. These thermoregulatory effective surface areas account for approximately 33% of the total body surface area, and include the area of the face, dorsal head, nose, pinna, lower legs, and paws.
The effect of suspended clay on feeding and digestive efficiency of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn)

Abstract Groups of 18–19 1-yr-old surf clams, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn), were exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g·l −1 attapulgite clay suspensions for 3- and 21-day periods. Following treatment, clams were allowed to feed for l h in a 500-ml suspension of Isochrysis galbana Parke (25 μg·l −1 chlorophyll) and attapulgite, dosed at the concentration to which the clams were previously treated. Water samples (pre- and post-feeding), pseudofeces, and feces were collected, extracted in acetone, and analyzed for chlorophyll and pheopigment content. Results indicate that turbidity levels > 0.1 g·l −1 attapulgite clay result in a significant increase of pseudofecal production and a decrease in the amount of algal food actually ingested. Mean chlorophyll consumption and digested chlorophyll levels were progressively lower and mean pseudofecal chlorophyll levels higher for groups treated with increasing concentrations of attapulgite. Fecal chlorophyll levels were low and variable. Digestive efficiency, defined as the percent of consumed chlorophyll which was degraded to pheopigment during gut passage, was generally lower in clay-treated clams than controls. Surf clams treated for 21 days demonstrated an apparent acclimation to the 0.1 and 0.5 g·l −1 clay concentrations, showing greater mean chlorophyll consumption and digested chlorophyll levels than for the corresponding 3-day treated groups. The 1.0 g·l −1 turbidity level was beyond the animals' capability to acclimate. Although the concentrations of clay tested (100 to l000 mg·l −1 ) were higher than levels generally encountered in continental shelf bottom waters ( −1 ), results of this study indicate that anthropogenic turbidity-producing discharges at levels as low as 100 mg·l −1 may have adverse effects on the energetics of surf clam populations.