cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data indicate considerable phylogeographic structure and at least five sibling species of Aurelia in the Pacific Ocean. At least a sixth sibling species can be found in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. These data suggest long histories of geographic and ecological sub-division and divergence of populations, which are inconsistent with current descriptions of Aurelia as a tri-typic genus in which most populations belong to one almost ubiquitous ecological generalist, A. aurita Linnaeus. Existing ecological and systematic descriptions of Aurelia, therefore, should be re-evaluated in light of these molecular data. Reciprocally, such re-evaluations should facilitate interpretation of the molecular data. Here, we introduce new DNA sequence data from Pacific and Black Sea Aurelia and novel ecological data describing tropical Aurelia inhabiting a marine lake in Palau, Micronesia. Despite large genetic distances between temperate and tropical Aurelia and the different environments inhabited by these populations, their rates of feeding, growth, respiration and swimming are similar. We discuss this result in terms of geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia and also comment on population dynamics, blooms, exotic species and the systematics of Aurelia. Finally, we consider briefly the implications of these findings for other scyphozoan species.
Building communities of philanthropy in higher education: contextual influences

 In this era of constrained and declining economic resources, institutions of higher education are turning to advancement professionals to identify and cultivate the financial resources that are becoming an increasing and larger portion of the fundamental funding of the institution. In this high stakes arena, advancement professionals have a need for the tools that can assist them in cultivating philanthropic relationships more effectivelyand efficiently. To that purpose, this research empiricallyexplores ways in which the brand community construct can be adapted to philanthropic intent for non-profit organizations to aid in the cultivation process. This paper presents the results of a survey of college alumni drawn from a commercially provided online panel, and examines the potential impact that institutional size may have upon the relationships of an alumni brand community and the community’sexpressedwillingnesstoofferfinancialdonationstothealmamater.Fromatheoreticperspective, thispaperrevealsthat brand community isa significantcontributor tothisexpressionofphilanthropic intent across universities of differing size. As a practical consideration, our findings produce additional evidence to affirm the notion that brand community is a robust construct that can be of value to development professionals who seek to build financial support for both small and large universities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase as an Evolutionarily Conserved Bicarbonate Sensor

Spermatozoa undergo a poorly understood activation process induced by bicarbonate and mediated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). It has been assumed that bicarbonate mediates its effects through changes in intracellular pH or membrane potential; however, we demonstrate here that bicarbonate directly stimulates mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity in vivo and in vitro in a pH-independent manner. sAC is most similar to adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, and bicarbonate regulation of cyclase activity is conserved in these early forms of life. sAC is also expressed in other bicarbonate-responsive tissues, which suggests that bicarbonate regulation of cAMP signaling plays a fundamental role in many biological systems.
ACTR/AIBI/SRC-3 and androgen receptor control prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth through direct control of cell cycle genes

BACKGROUND Co-factor ACTR is frequently overexpressed and/or amplified in multiple types of tumors. The mechanism of its function in prostate cancer (CaP) is still unclear. METHODS The effects of ACTR and androgen receptor (AR) depletion on cell proliferation and gene expression and their functions were analyzed in a panel of androgen-dependent and -independent CaP cells and CWR22 xenograft. RESULTS ACTR and AR, but not TIF2, are required for proliferation of androgen-dependent and -independent cells, and for tumor growth. While AR depletion inhibited the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin B, and cdc2, ACTR depletion reduced the expression of cyclin E and cdk2. In response to serum stimulation, AR and ACTR are recruited to the corresponding target gene promoters to activate their expression in androgen-independent manner. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AR and ACTR may play important roles in androgen ablation resistance by controlling key cell cycle gene expression. Prostate 66: 1474–1486, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cavity-enhanced spectroscopies: photothermal, photovaporization, and capillary waves

Three different techniques for signal amplification utilizing, cavity resonances are examined. Cavity-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy and cavity-enhanced photovaporization spectroscopy are based on resonator optical cavities and cavity-enhanced capillary wave spectroscopy is based on a mechanical resonator. The signal amplification can make feasible the measurement of small effects which would otherwise be obscured by noise.
Sex Differences in Vivid Memories

There has been little previous research on sex differences in the content and affective evaluations of vivid autobiographical memories. Using a paradigm similar to Rubin and Kozin [1], subjects in Experiment 1 described and evaluated their most vivid personal memory and subjects in Experiment 2 described both their most vivid pleasant and unpleasant memory. Males were more likely than females to report memories having competence themes (in each experiment) and females were more likely than males to report memories involving dating (in Experiment 2). Also, in each experiment females reported experiencing greater emotional arousal than males while writing their descriptions, but sex differences in reported emotional arousal at the time the described event occurred were reduced and not reliable. In Experiment 1, which required subjects to report only their one most vivid memory, both sexes were more likely to describe an unpleasant memory than a pleasant one.
To statin or to non-statin in coronary disease--considering absolute risk is the answer.

Abstract The newest guidelines for treating people with coronary artery disease (CAD) suggest benefit from statin-induced LDL cholesterol lowering regardless of baseline LDL cholesterol level. These guidelines were based on recent clinical trials that showed statistically significant statin-induced relative risk reductions (RRR) in cardiovascular events. However, there are proven “non-statin” anti-atheroscleroic treatments. This analysis was designed to allow the physician to decide which patients benefit from the various anti-atherosclerotic treatments available. Analysis is presented as absolute risk reduction (ARR) because ARR takes baseline risk into account. There was a large benefit from statin therapy in stable CAD when LDL cholesterol levels were high. There were diminishing returns, despite statistically significance, with statin treatment of people with chronic CAD and lower LDL cholesterol levels. People with chronic CAD and lower LDL cholesterol levels had at least as much and possibly twice the ARR when treated with niacin or gemfibrozil as that would occur with statin treatment. For the first year after the acute coronary syndrome, risk was higher than in stable CAD, and trials showed a benefit especially with a Mediterranean diet and also with statin therapy that reduced LDL cholesterol levels to ∼80 mg dl −1 . The Mediterranean diet was also beneficial in chronic CAD. These results suggest that both statin and non-statin therapy are important for reducing the sequelae of atherosclerosis.
Relation of kidney tissue somatomedin-c/insulin-like growth factor i to postnephrectomy renal growth in the rat

In kidney tissue extracts, we observed elevated somatomedin-C (SmC) tissue concentrations in the kidney remaining after nephrectomy compared to those in the kidney removed at surgery or kidneys from sham-operated animals. In hypophysectomized animals, we observed a response of the same magnitude, but from significantly lowered basal SmC concentrations. In neither case did nephrectomy affect SmC levels in serum or other tissues studied (liver and lung). The increased tissue levels of SmC in the regenerating kidney, with a return to baseline levels within 30 days, along with the absence of elevated serum levels suggest a local role for this mitogen in organ growth. (Endocrinology 117: 2397–2401, 1985)
Parallel algorithms for evaluating sequences of set-manipulation operations

Given an off-line sequence S of n set-manipulation operations, we investigate the parallel complexity of evaluating S (i.e., finding the response to every operation in S and returning the resulting set). We show that the problem of evaluating S is in NC for various combinations of common set-manipulation operations. Once we establish membership in NC (or, if membership in NC is obvious), we develop techniques for improving the time and/or processor complexity.
Perceiving and describing motion events.

According to Hurford, PREDICATE ( x ) is correlated with deictic object variables during event perception. This claim is inconsistent with some core literature on the perception of motion events. We point out that the perception of events involves the activation of the modal properties and amodal properties of underlying event structure, for which Hurford's target article fails to account.
Comparison of an intercalating dye and an intercalant-enzyme conjugate for DNA detection in a microtiter-based assay

Two methods have been developed for the detection of DNA immobilized on the surface of microtiter wells. An intercalating dye, 3,6-diaminoacridine, is used in stain and rinse solutions, so that measured absorbance values (450 nm) reflect the sum of DNA-bound and free dye. With diaminoacridine, signal increases of 0.056 ± 0.010 were achieved on immobilizing double-stranded calf thymus DNA. An intercalant−enzyme conjugate, consisting of an average of four daunomycin moieties covalently bound to each glucose oxidase, was shown to provide a 10-fold signal enhancement (optimum 0.25 μM, with rinsing and peroxidase-o-dianisidine detection) compared to diaminoacridine, due to catalytic amplification; signals of 0.50 ± 0.05 were obtained. This conjugate possesses 56% of the activity of native glucose oxidase and was prepared using water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide reagents. Single-stranded DNA was immobilized onto avidin-coated polystyrene plates and commercially available (Covalink) plates posse...
The effect of very brief exposure on experienced fear after in vivo exposure

Two experiments tested the effect of exposure to masked phobic stimuli at a very brief stimulus onset asynchrony on reducing the subjective experience of fear caused by in vivo exposure to a feared object. In the main experiment, 35 spider-fearful and 35 non-fearful participants were identified with a questionnaire and a behavioural avoidance test (BAT) with a live tarantula. One week later, they were individually administered one of two continuous series of masked images: spiders or flowers. They engaged in the BAT again immediately thereafter. They provided ratings of subjective fear at the end of each BAT (pre- and post-manipulation). Very brief exposure to images of spiders reduced the fearful group's and not the non-fearful group's experience of fear at the end of the BAT. This effect was replicated with another sample of 26 spider-fearful participants from the same population. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Microwave Moisture Measurement System for Hardwood Lumber Drying

The goal of this project was to develop a prototype microwave-based moisture sensor system suitable for the kiln drying of hardwood lumber. The moisture sensors developed are battery powered and are capable of communicating with a host kiln control system via spread spectrum wireless communications. We have developed two designs of the sensors working at 4.5 to 6 GHz with linear response to moisture content (MC) over a range of 6-100%. These sensors allow us to make a swept frequency microwave transmission measurement through a small area of a board. Using the prototype electronics and sensors, we have obtained measurements of MC over the above MC range for red oak and yellow poplar with standard deviations of less than 1.5% MC. We have developed data for board thickness corrections and for temperature corrections for the MC measurement system.
Time Dependent Void Growth in Elastomers Undergoing Chemo-mechanical Evolution

When an elastomeric material is deformed and subjected to temperatures above some characteristic value (the chemorheological temperature—near 100 °C for natural rubber), there are time and temperature dependent changes in its macromolecular structure. The macromolecular crosslinks undergo scission, recoiling and re-crosslinking. The process continues until the temperature decreases below the chemorheological temperature. The material now has modified properties (reduced stiffness) and permanent set on removal of the applied load.
The integration of function and ontogeny in the evolution of status signals

We review functional and developmental hypotheses regarding signals of status, traits that provide only information about an individual’s ability to win in contests over a resource. The evidence that status signals are true badges (i.e., conventional signals with no production or maintenance costs) is relatively weak, and is based more on the lack of evidence for handicap signaling. We nevertheless review possible use costs that might preserve honesty in a true badge system. One type of a dominant-imposed cost has been well-tested, but we discuss other possibilities and some potential costs imposed by non-dominants. In general, we find that while recent theory has established a clear basis for stable signaling involving true badges, empirical work is mixed and in no system is there convincing evidence that costs and benefits combine to establish a stable signaling system. Costs are also integral to development. The ontogeny of conventional signals by definition cannot involve any costs, yet ability should somehow be incorporated into signal development. We review two possible mechanisms that could accomplish this, the dual-effect of hormones and social feedback. The evidence supporting the first is suggestive but weak and needs refining. No study has explicitly tested for social feedback, yet this seems the most likely mechanism to appropriately link the use costs maintaining reliability with signal development. Status-signals continue to provide opportunities for novel research, and they provide good test cases for broader ideas about the ecology and evolution of communication.
Emerging drugs of abuse

The term "drugs of abuse" usually brings to mind traditional street drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine. The drug scene, however, is constantly evolving. As various law enforcement agencies pursue and dismantle distribution and production organizations of the usual drugs of abuse, dealers and users are turning to less known, more accessible, and often currently licit substances. The widespread growth of the Internet with its vast distribution of information has increased the accessibility of a host of substances and facilitated synthesis and production of various substances by individuals. This article discusses several new and emerging abused substances, including new synthetic variations, plants, and pharmaceuticals diverted for abuse.
Irradiation creep and void swelling of two LMR heats of HT9 at ∼ 400°C and 165 dpa

Abstract Two nominally identical heats of HT9 ferritic—martensitic steel were produced, fabricated into pressurized tubes, and then irradiated in FFTF, using identical procedures. After reaching 165 dpa at ∼ 400°C, small differences in strains associated with both phase-related changes in lattice parameter and void swelling were observed in comparing the two heats. The creep strains, while different, exhibited the same functional dependence on swelling behavior. The derived creep coefficients, the one associated with creep in the absence of swelling and the one directly responsive to swelling, were essentially identical for the two heats. Even more significantly, the creep coefficients for this bcc ferritic-martensitic steel appear to be very similar and possibly identical to those routinely derived from creep experiments on fcc austenitic steels.
A Diffusion Approximation to the Multi-Server Queue

Exact solutions to queueing problems with customer interarrival times and customer service times drawn from arbitrary generalized distributions have not been found. We are, therefore, much interested in good quality approximate solutions to such problems. This paper presents a methodology for obtaining approximately the distribution of the number of customers in a multiserver queue for which both the customer interarnval and customer service times are drawn from arbitrary distributions. The approximation is based on the theory of diffusion, depends only on the means and variances of the interarnval and service time distributions, and as the numeric examples attest is of very good quality when the queueing system is heavily loaded. The approximate solution is obtained via a very simple computational procedure, so that good quality approximate solutions to such problems can be easily produced.
Reduced soil compaction enhances establishment of non-native plant species

Many studies have shown that soil disturbance facilitates establishment of invasive, non-native plant species, and a number of mechanisms have been isolated that contribute to the process. To our knowledge no studies have isolated the role of altered soil compaction, a likely correlate of many types of soil disturbance, in facilitating invasion. To address this, we measured the response of seeded non-native and native plant species to four levels of soil compaction in mesocosms placed in an abandoned agricultural field in the Methow Valley, Washington, USA. Soil compaction levels reflected the range of resistance to penetration (0.1–3.0 kg cm−2) measured on disturbed soils throughout the study system prior to the experiment. Percent cover of non-native species, namely Bromus tectorum and Centaurea diffusa, decreased by 34% from the least to the most compacted treatments, whereas percent cover of native species, mostly Pseudoroegneria spicata and Lupinus spp., did not respond to compaction treatments. Experimental results were supported by a survey of soil penetration resistance and percent cover by species in 18 abandoned agricultural fields. Percent cover of B. tectorum was negatively related to soil compaction levels, whereas none of the native species showed any response to soil compaction. These results highlight a potentially important, though overlooked, aspect of soil disturbance that may contribute to subsequent non-native plant establishment.
Optimization-based road curve fitting

Various advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are under development that intend to provide improved road safety. These systems require precise road models. In particular, accurate curvature is important for some ADAS applications such as curve over speed and lane departure warning. Existing road models often employ spline functions that are fit by least squares to roadway position data. The curvature calculated for such spline curves may not accurately reflect the curvature of the underlying roadway. This article addresses this problem in an unified framework, using optimization with `1-norm regularization. In this approach, known roadway characteristics can be enforced optimally with respect to a cost function which finds the best tradeoff between the match to the available data and the number of changes in curvature. Experimental results with show that the proposed method chooses a sparse set of curvature switching points (i.e., piecewise constant curvature) and achieves a high accuracy fit to the roadway dataset.
The senescence of isolated chloroplasts

Because previous work indicated that senescence of oat leaves in darkness probably centers in the cytoplasm, the senescence of chloroplasts isolated from the same material and carefully purified was studied. The rate of loss of chlorophyll was about one-tenth of that which takes place in the isolated leaves at the same temperature, while the loss of protein, though slightly more rapid, was still only 36% of the rate observed in the leaf after 7 days. This unexpected stability of the chloroplasts is matched by their photosynthesis, 81% of photosystem I and 35% of photosystem II being present after 3 days at 25°. Traces of system I, but not of system II, were still detectable even after 7 days.
Are You Experienced?: Teenagers' Perceptions of Edutainment Shows Featuring Anti-alcohol Messages.

This article examines how teenagers perceive a show that is both educational and entertaining. In classrooms, 970 students viewed and evaluated one of two videos of a commercial television program featuring an anti-alcohol message. Overall, the sample assessed the programs favorably, finding the messages interesting, credible and understandable. Firsthand experience with alcohol predicted variations in the perception of an anti-alcohol message, while contact with others who use alcohol did not. Regression analysis showed personal experience with alcohol had a strong relationship to interest, a modest relationship to credibility, but no significant relationship to knowledge. In contrast, social contact with those who use alcohol often (i.e. knowing friends and family members who drink) was not significantly associated with the perceptions of an alcohol message on television. Such results suggest that those creating and using mass-media health messages effectively must be aware of the actual firsthand exper...
A critical review of management of 392 colonic and rectal injuries.

Three hundred ninety-two patients underwent surgical treatment for injuries of the large intestine and rectum. The types of surgical intervention employed in these patients varied with severity of the trauma and location of injury. The highest incidence of wound infections and intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in the primary-repair group. Decompression technic significantly reduced the length of hospitalization, as seen in those patients with rectal injuries. This investigation does not support the contention that transfer patients are subject to a significant delay before surgery.
High stimulus unmasks positive feedback in an autoregulated bacterial signaling circuit

We examined the effect of positive autoregulation on the steady-state behavior of the PhoQ/PhoP two-component signaling system in Escherichia coli. We found that autoregulation has no effect on the steady-state output for a large range of input stimulus, which was modulated by varying the concentration of magnesium in the growth medium. We provide an explanation for this finding with a simple model of the PhoQ/PhoP circuit. The model predicts that even when autoregulation is manifest across a range of stimulus levels, the effects of positive feedback on the steady-state output emerge only in the limit that the system is strongly stimulated. Consistent with this prediction, amplification associated with autoregulation was observed in growth-limiting levels of magnesium, a condition that strongly activates PhoQ/PhoP. In a further test of the model, we found that strains harboring a phosphatase-defective PhoQ showed strong positive feedback and considerable cell-to-cell variability under growth conditions where the wild-type circuit did not show this behavior. Our results demonstrate a simple and general mechanism for regulating the positive feedback associated with autoregulation within a bacterial signaling circuit to boost response range and maintain a relatively uniform and graded output.
Acute renal failure secondary to milrinone in a patient with cardiac amyloidosis.

Abstract Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects. A common side effect of milrinone is hypotension from the peripheral vasodilation. Although mild elevations in serum creatinine have been described previously in the setting of milrinone-induced hypotension, acute oligoanuric renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy has not yet been described. This case report is the first to document such a result and to report the successful use of peritoneal dialysis in this setting. Previous case reports documented vasopressin as an effective alternative to catecholamines in the treatment of milrinone-induced hypotension. This report documents the use of four vasopressor agents (including vasopressin) in this patient, with only vasopressin resulting in improvement in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. Vasopressin may be the most effective vasopressor agent in the treatment of milrinone-induced hypotension. © 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
The limits of political science

Politics within the social sciences: some introductory questions The emergence of politics as a University discipline Politics as present action: the idiom of current affairs Politics in science The illusions of utility Models of reconstruction Politics as a discipline: the need for foundations
‘Take it from the top’: northern conceptions about identity in the western Arctic and beyond

During the last decades the Arctic has become more central on the world stage. However, despite increased interest how much do people really know about ‘the north’ and the ‘northern people’? The aim of this article is to chronicle a research project by students, who saw themselves as northerners, that used video to capture northerners’ definitions of the north, as well as asking the community about what they wanted newcomers and southern Canada to know about the north. The group also embarked on a new discipline of northerners studying ‘the south’. 43 students interviewed 95 people in the Beaufort Delta, Northwest Territories and 25 people in Edmonton, Alberta. The student researchers’ responses and that of their interviewees are some of the most direct messages on how northerners view their identity and that of their fellow southern Canadians. This project created a video tool to share, educate, and commence a dialogue between people about the north straight from the source.
Developing Research Apprentices

Active involvement in health-related research is a valuable learning experience for students in the health professions. An apprenticeship model of training is one effective and efficient way to develop practitioner-researchers who can skillfully integrate research and clinical practice. Six graduate students in occupational therapy spent one year as research apprentices on the Dementia and Cardiac Symptom Management by Family Caregivers Study. A description of the organization and content of the apprenticeship training is provided.
Overcoming the three biases obscuring the science of renal denervation in humans: big-day bias, check-once-more bias and I-will-take-it-now bias.

In this issue of the Journal, Prof Esler [1] highlights the numerous questions that Symplicity 3 [2] has left in its wake. He is right to advise readers not to simply think that denervation “does not work.” First, Prof Esler notes the mid-20th century practice of surgical thoracolumbar sympathectomy, which provided startling results. One article reports a halving of the 5-year mortality rate in patients chosen for this invasive procedure versus non-randomized controls [3]. The practice was replaced by ganglionic blocking drugs for the very reason that the resultant hypotension, syncope and sexual dysfunction from the surgical procedures were intolerable to patients, but it provided an important proof of concept. Second, he elegantly shows that animal experiments have proven sympathetic efferents to the kidney stimulate renin release and hence sodium reabsorption and hypertension. Third, he skillfully details experiments showing that renal injury leads to an overall increase in total body sympathetic activity, mediated by renal afferents to the hypothalamus. In this tour-de-force of science, Prof Esler argues that with this evidence for the role of both renal sympathetic efferents and afferents in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the results of Symplicity HTN 3 are as surprising as they are disappointing. He feels that the small point estimate of effect size in the overall group may well be due to ineffective delivery of denervation in many patients.
The Healing of the Man with Dropsy (Luke 14:1-6) and the Lukan Landscape

The healing of the man with dropsy is a surprisingly under-noticed passage in Luke. Few commentaries give much attention to it at all. Where attention is given, the passage is usually heard in one of the following ways: (1) in the context of healing stories or Sabbath healings in general, and thus through the lens of form criticism and how this story participates in the larger context of healing stories; or (2) in the context of the symposia or meal stories since this passage introduces such a scene, and the background for understanding the passage is thus the literary topos of meal stories in the Greco-Roman world. In either reading, the fact that the man has dropsy specifically is essentially irrelevant to the story; he might as well have been blind or lame or deaf. Yet this is the only occurrence in the NT of this specific condition, and I would like to suggest that dropsy is not incidental to the story at all. Rather, the dropsy is itself key to the story. Dropsy is used widely in the ancient Greek world, particularly in the writings of philosophers, and it is frequently a metaphor for greed and wealth. Among the commentary tradition, few scholars take notice of the dropsy metaphor. This paper will mine the Greek philosophical tradition for examples of dropsy to build the case for its metaphorical usage, and it will apply that metaphor to this passage in Luke to see how it might serve the Lukan narrative.
Observations on lipids of the alimentary canal of the hagfish Eptatretus stoutii

Abstract 1. 1. The hagfish liver, bile and small intestine are rich in lipids. These sources are low in 18 : 2 fatty acids and high in the 16 : 1 fractions, as compared with human intestine. 2. 2. It is uncertain as yet whether the lipid-rich hagfish intestine represents a physiologic counterpart of the human disorder β-lipoprotein deficiency. 3. 3. Some properties of hagfish bile are described. Chromatographically there is no appreciable free taurine or glycine.
Moving Ahead with New Colleagues and Journal Changes

This issue introduces three Associate Editors: Deanna Cullen (Precollege), Greg Rushton (Precollege), and Marcy Towns (Chemical Education Research); new information to be provided to authors by reviewers; and a modification of a manuscript type, now to include various kinds of practical applications.
Working's model for food in the four phases of the international comparison project☆

Abstract The relationship found by Working between the budget share of food and the log of total per capita expenditure holds remarkably well at the cross-country level.
The effect of a telepointer on student performance and preference

While the telepointer has been widely accepted in the Computer Supported Collaborative Work community, little work has been done to quantify its effect on performance and perception. We present preliminary results quantifying the telepointer's effect on knowledge retention and satisfaction in an online collaboration. In experiments, a remote expert communicated with small student groups to explain an online scanning probe microscope (SPM) interface. The expert used two-way audio-video plus a telepointer to describe the interface to half of the participants, and only two-way audio-video (no telepointer) with the other half. The data show that use of a telepointer improved task completion time tenfold and long-term knowledge test performance by 30-40% on specific concepts. The telepointer group was also more likely to rate the online SPM as a substitute for a local SPM and felt the expert was significantly less distant than did the non-telepointer group.
Restriction fragment analysis confirms the position 33 mutation in transthyretin from an Israeli patient (SKO) with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

Summary Transthyretin isolated from amyloid fibrils from an Israeli patient with Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy was sequenced by two research groups. One laboratory reported a position 49 Thr→Gly substitution, while the other noted a Phe for Ile interchange at amino acid 33. We used a transthyretin cDNA probe to study DNA from this patient by Southern blotting. The DNA displayed the unique Bcl I restriction site predicted by the mutation in codon 33. Because of the close size of the normal (6.40 kb) and variant (6.27 kb) fragments, the variant was more easily demonstrated after digestion with both Bcl I and Sph I, which generated two easily resolvable fragments of 2.39 and 2.27 kb.
Dependence of sound velocity in liquid helium-4 on temperature, pressure and frequency; A test of the phonon dispersion relation

Abstract The results of low frequency sound velocity measurements agree with phonon dispersion for small momenta of the form E = Cp(1+γp2 …), with γ>0 at low pressures; γ decreases linearly with increasing density, reaching zero at a density corresponding to ∼ 18 atm.
Tertiary Sediment from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Lower Miocene microfossils occur in basaltic glass in two dredge hauls from the crestal area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 30°N. From the ridge and adjoining abyssal hills 43 pre-Pleistocene cores were identified, including one Cretaceous and four Eocene. Dredgings and cores now available suggest that the upper layer of the crust of the ridge is constructed of layers of interbedded sediments and basalt flows. The data rule out the possibility of large-scale continental drifting or spreading of the ocean floor since the Lower Miocene.
Complementary expression of IGF-II and IGFBP-5 during anterior pituitary development.

The specification of the five individual hormone-secreting cell types in the anterior pituitary requires a series of sequential cell fate decisions. We have immortalized cells at several stages along this pathway of pituitary differentiation. Here, we present analysis of differences in gene expression between an anterior pituitary precursor cell line, alphaT1-1, and an immature gonadotrope cell line, alphaT3-1, identified by using cDNA subtraction. Messenger RNA expression of members of the insulin-like growth factor signaling system, IGF-II and IGFBP-5, was found in the alphaT1-1 precursor cell line, but not in the more differentiated cell line, alphaT3-1. This inferred stage specificity was confirmed in the mouse embryo by using in situ hybridization on embryonic days e10.5 through e18.5. Expression of IGF-II and IGFBP-5 mRNAs was both temporally and spatially regulated during pituitary development. IGF-II was highly expressed in the epithelium surrounding Rathke's pouch at e10.5, while IGFBP-5 expression was restricted to the adjacent oral epithelium. At e11.5 (represented by alphaT1-1), IGF-II was expressed throughout the pouch, but was coexpressed with IGFBP-5 and alpha-subunit in the ventral portion of the pouch epithelium. On e12.5, the two mRNAs were expressed in opposing dorsoventral (IGF-II) and ventrodorsal (IGFBP-5) patterns, with IGF-II excluded from the rostral, alpha-subunit-expressing region. A decrease of both mRNAs was observed at e14.5 (equivalent to alphaT3-1), with IGF-II levels low and IGFBP-5 concentrated in the anterior pituitary rostral tip. These findings suggest that the timing of IGF-II expression and regulation of its accessibility by IGFBP-5 may play a role in anterior pituitary differentiation, survival, and/or proliferation.
Thermo/pH-Responsive and Reversible NIR Fluorescent Probes for Optical Molecular Imaging

We developed near-infrared fluorescent probes responsive to local temperature and pH change/modulation. The probes are based on cross-linked pluronic/PEI nanocapsules loaded with ICG which can be used for DNA or siRNA delivery and imaging.
Alterations in Cardiac Contractility During Classical Aversive Conditioning in Dogs: Methodological and Theoretical Implications

An investigation of sympathetic influences on the heart was undertaken in dogs using classical aversive conditioning procedures. For this purpose, heart rate and cardiac contractile changes were measured, the latter using techniques assessing the rate of change or slope at which either the muscles of the left ventricle contract, or blood is accelerated in the ascending aorta, or the pulse pressure wave ascends from diastole to systole. Sympathetic influences were found to be more clearly manifest in contractile rather than heart rate changes as indicated by the greater attenuating influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on anticipatory and unconditioned responses. Anticipatory sympathetic influences on the heart were commonly acute, becoming minimal upon repeated exposure to the aversive procedures. The rate of change or slope measures appear to detect sensitively extrinsic sympathetic influences on contractility. They are minimally influenced by intrinsic effects on contractility such as heart rate as well as non-contractile events such as diastolic blood pressure. The slope of the ascending limb of the pulse pressure wave appears to offer a means of assessing contractility in human Ss.
Spm and I element changes with the a-m2 8004 allele in maize

Among the mobile element systems in maize, the En (Spm) system (En — the regulatory element and I the receptive element — a nonfunctional En) has several interesting aspects of control of gene expression (En and Spm are homologous in structure and activity). One of the alleles arising from the Spm group included the a-m2 8004 allele that has a low spotting pattern and unique ringed areas. The interest in this allele is that Spm or En will induce it to co-express the A phenotype and mutability. Several exceptions of the allele were analyzed. Two are Spm changes and two are I changes. The analysis shows that the heritable changes include I changes that are co-expressed in various grades of color and different degrees of mutability. All these changes occur with I at the locus. The Spm changes also include changes in mutability patterns and a mottling pattern.
ALLOGLOSSIDIUM ANOMOPHAGIS SP. N. (TREMATODA : PLAGIORCHIIDAE) EXHIBITING PROGENESIS IN WATER FLEAS (ANOMOPODA : DAPHNIIDAE)

The trematode,Alloglossidium anomophagis sp. n. (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) exhibits progenesis in water fleas of the genusDaphnia (Anomopoda: Daphniidae) occurring in temporary rainwater-filled ditches near Houston, Texas, USA. We assume thatA. anomophagis has achieved its truncated life cycle by eliminating the vertebrate which originally served as the definitive host. The adults ofA. anomophagis represent the smallest trematodes in the family Plagiorchiidae, measuring less than 0.5 mm in length.
Microcantilever Arrays for Multiplexed Biomolecular Analysis

An accurate, efficient, and quantitative method for detection of multiple biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins, would benefit many bio-medical applications. These applications include diagnostics of complex diseases such as cancer, drug discovery, and development of fundamental scientific knowledge regarding signaling pathways. We have developed a chip-level microcantilever array designed for high-throughput biomolecular analysis. In particular, biological reactions on one surface of a microcantilever beam change its surface tension due to intermolecular energetic and entropic interactions. These interactions generate sufficient torque to deflect the cantilever beam. Integration of microfluid cells on the chip allows for individual functionalization of each cantilever. Each cantilever is designed to respond uniquely to a specific target analyte allowing for simultaneous and quantitative analysis of multiple bio-molecules. Experiments testing the physical response of the microarray describe the repeatability of the cantilevers while providing information regarding the limits on the detection time for reaction-induced deflections to dominate over random drift of the cantilevers. Statistical analysis shows that the cantilevers exhibit thermomechanical sensitivity within ±7% variation. The maximum observed trend of the long-term drift is about 2.1nm/min, which suggests reactions should be completed within 10 minutes, for a reliable bioassay.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Critical evaluation of secondary cytoreduction in recurrent ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective The optimal strategy for salvage therapy in patients who suffer from ovarian cancer recurrence after a disease-free interval is not established. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing published data on salvage surgery in this setting. Methods A retrospective review of the English literature was done looking at studies addressing the role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer. A number of parameters were collected from these studies and analyzed, including patients' characteristics, outcome of secondary cytoreduction, perioperative complications, postoperative therapy, and survival. In a parallel analysis, we reviewed the outcome of patients treated with salvage chemotherapy without surgery in similar clinical settings. Results Optimal cytoreduction was achievable in 38–87% of the study populations reviewed with acceptable perioperative complications and mortality. The attempt to analyze the impact of secondary cytoreduction on survival was limited by (1) the inter-investigator differences in defining optimal cytoreduction, (2) the heterogeneity of the patients included, (3) and the lack of information on postoperative therapy. All the studies suggest that patients left with no gross residual disease after secondary cytoreduction seem to benefit from prolonged survival in the range of 44–60 months. Current data reveal that the use of combination chemotherapy without surgery for salvage treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer can be associated with prolonged median survival reaching up to 35 months. Conclusion The available data suggest a benefit for secondary surgical cytoreduction in recurrent ovarian cancer. This needs to be considered in the light of recent data reporting prolonged survival with the use of combination salvage chemotherapy without surgery. Currently, it is not known if a salvage strategy combining surgery and multiagent chemotherapy regimens will have a survival benefit over chemotherapy alone. Hopefully, current ongoing prospective trials will answer this question.
Dynamic programming model of patient care

Abstract A mathematical model of the process of patient care is discussed. The basic structure of the patient care is generally regarded as the restoration of homeostasis for the patient by the medical team. The model essentially is a dynamic programming model of Bellman. A special case for the administration of anesthesia in the operating room is also discussed.
Insulin Signaling: Inositol Phosphates Get into the Akt

An acute but transient response to insulin is essential for glucose homeostasis in mammals. Chakraborty et al. (2010) uncover a new feedback mechanism regulating insulin signaling. They show that the inositol pyrophosphate IP7, which is produced in response to insulin, inhibits the Akt kinase, a primary effector of insulin signaling.
Negotiating epistemic rights to information in Korean conversation: An examination of the Korean evidential marker –tamye

This study uses conversation analysis to investigate how participants in Korean conversations negotiate their epistemic rights to information by deploying alternate evidential markers. The participants mutually monitor each other’s different or changing epistemic rights to the information and routinely shift their choice of evidential markers to —tamye (‘I hear, isn’t it true?’) to redistribute their epistemic rights. By manipulating the turn-taking and sequence organizations which underlie the —tamye evidential marker, the participants can claim or downgrade their epistemic rights to the information. The findings of this study contribute to research on evidentiality by providing an interactional perspective which takes the orientation of the participants in actual interactions as the starting point of analysis. The study illustrates how evidential markers serve to negotiate the relationships among the speaker, the hearer, and the information in the course of the interaction rather than merely function to...
Impact of Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines on Screening for Chlamydia

The highest prevalence of chlamydia infection in the United States is among people aged 15 to 24 years. We assessed the impact of not doing routine cervical cancer screening on the rates of chlamydia screening in women aged 15 to 21 years. We classified visits to family medicine ambulatory clinics according to their timing relative to the 2009 guideline change that led to more restrictive cervical cancer screening. Women had higher odds of being screened for chlamydia before vs after the guideline change (odds ratio = 13.97; 95% CI, 9.17-21.29; P <.001). Chlamydia and cervical cancer screening need to be uncoupled and new screening opportunities should be identified.
Exploring Impacts of Land Use Change on Sediment Erosion in the Cayuga Creek Watershed, Niagara Falls, New York, using BASINS SWAT

In Niagara County, nutrient and toxic substance loads associated with sediment erosion and surface runoff from agricultural and urban land uses were listed as …
CONCERN FOR GOD AND CONCERN FOR SOCIETY: RELIGIOSITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

This paper adds to the integration of sociology of religion and social stratification by bringing together work in social justice from sociology of religion and economic issues from social stratification. The research focuses on the narrower topic of attitudes toward economic justice. Specifically, it focuses on the contributions of both religiosity and religious affiliation to such attitudes. The contributions of the religious components are assessed independent of other factors identified to be important in the two areas. Using data from the 1987 panel of the General Social Survey, multiple analyses of variance reveals relatively strong structural effects but no relationship between religiosity and attitudes toward economic justice. Religious affiliation is statistically significant, but of sufficiently limited “captured variance” that substantive interpretation must wait future research.
Transition metal promoted alkylations of unsaturated alcohols: the methylation and ethylation of 3-buten-1-ol using titanium tetrachloride-organoaluminum systems

Abstract The ethylation and methylation of the olefinic linkage in 3-buten 1-ol by incorporating the alkenol into a titanium-organoaluminum system was studied under a variety of conditions. Systems were derived from titanium tetrachloride and the organoaluminum compounds Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 , Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl, Al(CH 3 ) 3 , and Al(CH 3 ) 2 Cl. With diethylaluminum chloride the major products obtained were 1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol, and 1-butan I. Triethylaluminum gave no alkylation products. Dimethylaluminum chloride and trimethylaluminum gave product distributions similar to the analogous diethylaluminum chloride system.