cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonant absorption of cosmic-ray neutrinos by the relic-neutrino background

Within the framework of standard big-bang cosmology and the standard electroweak model, it is shown that ..nu..nu-bar annihilation on the Z resonance is the only cosmic-ray process sensitive to relic neutrinos. For massive (m/sub ..nu../> or approx. =10/sup -3/ eV) neutrinos originating from a zapprox.3 red-shifted source, a 15% to 50% absorption dip is predicted at E/sub ..nu../approx.10/sup 11/ GeV.
TIME-DEPENDENT CLOSE-COUPLING METHOD FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION OF HYDROGEN

Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen is studied by direct solution of a set of time-dependent close-coupled partial differential equations. The close-coupled equations describe the propagation of a time-evolving wave packet on a two-dimensional radial lattice. Following the collision, the wave packet is projected onto stationary states of the target to obtain probabilities for elastic and inelastic scattering processes. Ionization cross sections are calculated for various {ital LS} partial waves and compared with previous theoretical methods. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Differences in paediatric rheumatology services in European countries – results of an international survey

15th Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PreS) Congress Wietse Kuis, Patricia Woo, Angelo Ravelli, Hermann Girschick, Michael Hofer, Johannes Roth, Rotraud K Saurenmann, Alberto Martini, Pavla Dolezova, Janjaap van der Net, Pierre Quartier, Lucy Wedderburn and Jan Scott Meeting abstracts – A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available here .
Reproduction in the Red-Cheeked Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum) in Southeastern Mexico and Belize, with Comparisons Across the Species Range

Abstract Reproduction in the red-cheeked mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum) was studied in southeastern Mexico and Belize (Yucatan Peninsula) on the basis of museum and field-collected specimens. Adult females (mean carapace length [CL] = 110 mm) were not significantly larger than adult males (mean CL = 108 mm). Females matured at 100–105 mm CL and an estimated age of 9–10 years. Annual reproduction by females was apparently continuous for at least 10 months of the year (August–June), with the production of multiple annual clutches (possibly as many as 5) being typical and the number of clutches per year increasing with female size. Eggs exhibit diapause and embryonic estivation and apparently hatch in nature during the wet season (June–August) after up to 9 months in the nest. Modal clutch size was only 2 eggs (mean 2.2; range 1–4), and clutch size increased with female body size. Egg size averaged 31.5 × 16.6 mm and 5.5 g and did not vary with female body size. Relative egg mass (REM =...
Lateral Shearing Interferogram Analysis

The basic limitation upon the ability to fabricate a particular surface lies in the ability to accurately test it. Aspheric elements have always presented problems in this regard due to a general lack of test equipment with which to perform the qualification. Lateral shearing interferometry provides a solution for testing a large range of aspheric surfaces since this technique has the ability to decrease the sensitivity to wavefront aberrations. Data reduction can then be used to reconstruct the original wavefront. This Paper examines a data reduction approach and provides the mathematics required to complete the analysis. Also included are the results of a study evaluating the program's performance in the Presence of data input errors.
Modifications of the program ‘a versatile two-dimensional mesh generator with automatic bandwidth reduction’ for superelements sharing more than one boundary

Abstract It was found that a mesh was incorrectly constructed using a two-dimensional mesh generator published previously in this journal when two superelements have more than one common boundary. The cause of this problem was detected and discussed. A technique to alleviate this problem is presented in this paper.
ABCs of Evidence-Based Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Strategies in Female Athletes

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a major concern in physically active females. Although ACL reconstruction techniques have seen significant advances in recent years, risk associated with re-injury and future osteoarthritis remains a major concern. Thus, prevention of ACL injury is a logical step to protect and preserve healthy knee joints in young athletes. The current report aims to summarize a list of evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce ACL injury in female athletes. A list of six critical principles, which come from documented, large-scale clinical trial studies and further analyses, were presented with ABC format including age, biomechanics, compliance, dosage, exercise, and feedback. Also, a grade for evidence and implications of future research are noted. Finally, in the conclusion section, importance of collaborative efforts from healthcare practitioners, researchers, and personnel associated with athletics is addressed.
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography: Techniques and Applications

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has become established as an essential modality in the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary abnormalities in children. New advances, such as faster imaging parameters, newer sequences, and contrast agents, are available to improve image quality. This article discusses conventional and advanced MRCP techniques used in children and applications of the techniques in evaluating common diseases of the pancreas and biliary tree.
Boiling Point of a Set of Alkanes, Alcohols and Chloroalkanes: QSAR with Atom Type Electrotopological State Indices Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract The normal boiling point is modeled for a set of 372 saturated compounds, including 154 alkanes, 108 alcohols and 110 (poly)chloroalkanes. The newly introduced atom type electrotopological state indices serve as the structure variables and artificial neural networks (with back propagation of error) are used for the analysis. A network with a 6:7:1 architecture produces an average relative error of 0.97% for the whole data set, including the 21% of the data used as the test set. The mean absolute error (MAE) for this model is 4.00 for the whole set, corresponding to an rms error of 5.41; for the test set the MAE is 4.03 with an rms of 5.23. The low error on the test set indicates that this model has predictive power.
The bachelor's and master's computer science graduate

This paper deals with a survey of the bachelor's and master's degree graduates from the Department of Computer and Information Science at The Ohio State University conducted during 1975. The purpose of the survey was (1) to determine what positions the graduates held, (2) to determine how effective the curricula had been, (3) to obtain an evaluation of these curricula, (4) to determine possible improvements, and (5) to see if there were distinctions between bachelor's and master's degree recipients. Some of the results about the bachelor's degree graduates have already been reported in Kalmey [74]. As of August 1974, the Department had conferred about 600 Bachelors, 280 Masters and 17 Ph.D. degrees.
Measurements of Ambient Noise during Extreme Wind Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico

The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) deployed three Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the summer of 2002 (LADC 02). The hydrophone of each buoy was approximately 50 m from the bottom in water depths of 645 m to 1034 m. During LADC 02 Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili passed within approximately 73 nmi and 116 nmi, respectively, west of the EARS buoys. The proximity of these storm systems to the EARS buoys, in conjunction with wind speed data from three nearby National Data Buoy Center weather (NDBC) buoys, allows for the direct comparison of underwater ambient noise levels with high wind speeds. These results are compared to the G. M. Wenz spectra at frequencies from 1 kHz to 5.5 kHz. Anomalously high levels of ambient noise may be due to banding effects of the storms. Results of the ambient noise analysis will be presented. (Research supported by ONR PE62435N).
Behavior of MgFe2O4 Films on MgO in an Electric Field

Thin films of MgFe2O4 spinel on a (001) substrate of MgO have been heated to elevated temperatures in an applied electric field. The externally applied electric field produces a large driving force that influences the kinetic behavior of the spinel film and results in the formation of an MgO layer at the cathode due to the higher mobility of the Mg2+ cations in the spinel. Through the use of both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the evolution of this layer was followed through a series of heat treatments. Analysis of the decomposition process shows that initially isolated pockets of MgO form at the cathode surface. These pockets grow and eventually coalesce to form a continuous MgO layer. The two MgO/spinel heterojunctions behave differently since one is morphologically stable while the other is morphologically unstable. TEM analysis showed that during the decomposition process, dislocation loops are formed in the vicinity of the MgO pockets. It is proposed that these dislocation loops form to accommodate the lattice misfit at the interface between the precipitating MgO and spinel.
The results of an informal study to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching structured programming

An informal experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching structured programming from the beginning of a student's career as a computer science student was conducted during the summer session of The University of New Mexico. Performed at the last minute, and clearly unscientific in both design and implementation, the results suggest that too great an emphasis on programming without GOTOs leads to poor programming style and incorrect implementation of straightforward algorithms.
Device fistule artérioveineuse splénique : Traitement réussi avec un dispositif d'occlusion d'Amplatz

Les anevrysmes de l'artere et de la veine spleniques avec fistule arterioveineuse splenique (SAVF) sont une entite rare. Nous rapportons le cas d'une femme de 72 ans qui s'est presentee avec des signes et des symptomes d'hypertension portale apres une fundoplication de Nissen laparoscopique. Le diagnostic de SAVF de 37 mm etait confirme par l'angioscanner. La fistule arterioveineuse etait traitee avec succes par un dispositif d'occlusion d'Amplatz de 20 mm. On a rapporte le succes de la ligature chirurgicale et de l'embolisation percutanee pour traiter les SAVF. Nous presentons une revue de la litterature et rapportons une approche originale de ce diagnostic rare et difficile.
Automatic Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator Patch Erosion Into the Upper Airway Presenting as a Cavitary Lesion

Erosion of an automatic internal cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) patch into the lingular bronchus occurred 4 years after implantation; the erosion presented as a cavitary mass associated with hemoptysis and weight loss. On bronchoscopy to evaluate for suspected carcinoma, a cavity was entered through a bronchial defect and the AICD patch clearly identified. The complication was successfully treated with patch removal and fistula closure.
Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid compliance and outflow resistance: Analysis of steady-state response to sinusoidal input

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics have been studied in the past by analyses of responses to bolus, constant rate or constant pressure inputs. In this study, we present a method for analyzing CSF pressure responses to sinusoidal variation in the infusion rate. Infusion of artificial CSF into the cisterna magna of adult rats was modulated sinusoidally between 0 and 30 μl/min. The resulting sinusoidal variation in intracranial pressure was recorded on a strip chart recorder simultaneously with the infusion rate signal. The two signals were analyzed for peak-to-peak variation, mean value, and phase shift for input frequencies in the range of 0.0015 to 0.01 Hz (0.00942 to 0.0628 radians/sec). The system was analyzed at each mean infusion rate as a parallel resistance and compliance with a first order linear model. The resistance to CSF outflow was determined as the change in mean steady-state pressure divided by the change in mean infusion rate. The compliance was then obtained from the frequency dependent phase shift between input and output using the first-order linear model. Resistance values were lower for higher average infusion rates consistent with our previous work, while compliance remained constant over the measured pressure range.
Experimental Design and Analysis in Field Studies of Aquatic Vegetation

ABSTRACT Field experiments may be useful for researchers and managers concerned with aquatic plants. Since experimental design and statistical analysis are closely related, this paper discusses statistical and practical considerations for conducting and evaluating field experiments with aquatic plants. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of variance, assumptions required for its use, and concepts related to it (e.g., statistical power, means comparison procedures, treatment structure, pseudoreplication, etc.). The paper concludes with a brief introduction to papers in the literature which illustrate the use of field experiments for studying aquatic plants.
Portomesenteric venous thrombosis associated with rectal venous malformations

Abstract Purpose We report thrombosis of portal and mesenteric veins in patients with a pattern of rectal venous malformations (VMs) and ectatic major mesenteric veins. Methods Eight patients having rectal VMs with either ectatic mesenteric veins and/or evidence of portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PVT), evaluated from 1995-2009, were reviewed. Results Portomesenteric venous thrombosis was evident in 5 patients at presentation. Three had patent ectatic mesenteric veins, 2 with demonstrated reversal of flow, and 2 of whom went on to thrombosis during observation. Six patients developed portal hypertension. Five remain on long-term anticoagulation. After recognizing this pattern, one patient underwent preemptive proximal ligation of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) to enhance antegrade portal vein flow and prevent propagation or embolization of venous thrombus from the IMV to the portal vein. Conclusion Rectal VMs should be evaluated for associated ectatic mesenteric veins. The ectatic vein siphons flow from the portal vein down to the rectal VM, leading to stagnation of blood in the portal vein and resultant thrombosis. Primary thrombosis in the stagnant rectal VM and/or mesenteric vein can also predispose to embolization up into the portal vein. This pattern of rectal VM and ectatic mesenteric vein should be considered a risk factor for devastating PVT.
Structure-activity relationships among derivatives of dicarboxylic acid esters of tropine.

Several categories of neuromuscular blocking bisquaternary tropine and tropane derivatives were synthesized and studied in the past five decades, mainly with the purpose of arriving at meaningful information about structure-activity relationships. Such a structure-activity relationship database is important in the development of new muscle relaxants with improved pharmacological characteristics. Although quaternary tropine diesters were explored since 1952, most of them were developed in the last decade. Over 250 such agents are being reviewed here. The skeleton of the majority of them consists of two tropines, connected through their 3-OH group with various dicarboxylic acid ester linkages and quaternized by several mostly di- and trisubstituted benzyl groups. The significance of changing the quaternizing group; the diester linker; and, to a smaller extent, the substituents and their steric orientation on the tropane ring and some alterations of the tropane ring itself have been explored in in vivo experiments on anesthetized rats. Di- or trisubstituted alkoxy and/or acyloxybenzyl quaternaries of certain tropinyl diesters, e.g., glutaryl, fumaryl, and cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylyl, showed an optimal profile with respect to desirable neuromuscular blocking actions and side effects, which was confirmed on other experimental animal species. The details of the structural changes toward obtaining new ultrashort-acting nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are discussed.
Tension-induced neurite growth in microfluidic channels.

The generation of an effective method for stimulating neuronal growth in specific directions, along well-defined geometries, and in numerous cells could impact areas ranging from fundamental studies of neuronal evolution and morphogenesis, to applications in biomedical diagnostics and nerve regeneration. Applied mechanical stress can regulate neurite growth. Indeed, previous studies have shown that neuronal cells can develop and extend neurites with rapid growth rates under applied “towing” tensions imparted by micropipettes. Yet, such methods are complex and exhibit low throughputs, as the tension is applied serially to individual cells. Here we present a novel approach to inducing neurite growth in multiple cells in parallel, by using a miniaturized platform with numerous microchannels. Upon connection of a vacuum to these microchannels, tension can be applied on multiple cells simultaneously to induce the growth of neurites. A theoretical model was also developed to understand the effect of tension on the dynamics of neurite development.
Thermal and structural properties of blends of isotactic with atactic polystyrene

Abstract Blends of isotactic polystyrene (iPS) with non-crystallizable atactic polystyrene (aPS) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray scattering. The iPS/aPS blends, prepared by solution casting, were found to be miscible in the melt over the entire composition range. Both quenched amorphous and semicrystalline blends exhibit a single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature, depressed from that of either of the homopolymer components. Addition of aPS causes a decrease in crystallinity and in the rigid amorphous fraction, and suppression of the reorganization/recrystallization of iPS during thermal scanning: only one melting peak is observed for blends with larger aPS content. Formation and devitrification of the rigid amorphous fraction of iPS are also affected by aPS addition. The annealing peak, which is due to the relaxation of rigid amorphous fraction in parallel with melting of a tiny amount of crystals, is retarded with an increase of the composition of aPS, resulting in the slow devitrification of RAF in parallel with the melting of large amount of crystals. X-ray scattering shows that the long period in the iPS/aPS blends is greater than in the iPS homopolymer, and long period increases slightly as aPS content increases. Comparison of the volume fraction of phase 1 with the volume fraction crystallinity from DSC suggests that more and more amorphous phase is rejected outside the lamellar stacks as aPS content increases. The effect of aPS addition is to reduce the confinement of the amorphous phase chains. The cooperativity length, ξA, which is calculated from thermal analysis of the Tg region, increases with aPS addition. The interlamellar and extra-lamellar amorphous chains both contribute to the glass transition relaxation process.
Ethanol Suppression of the Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin Level and the Splenic NK Cell Cytolytic Activity Is Associated With a Reduction in the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines but Not Anti‐inflammatory Cytokines in Neuroendocrine and Immune Cells

Background Immune signals activate a network of cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn causes release of neurotransmitters and hormones to modulate immune cell functions. We have recently shown that hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons, via inhibition of the sympathetic neuronal activity, activate natural killer (NK) cell function in the spleen, and this communication is disrupted following chronic ethanol administration. Beta-endorphin neuronal function is known to be regulated by various proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of ethanol on the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines known to control beta-endorphin neuronal and NK cell functions during immune challenges have not been determined. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated NK cells' functions in the spleen, the beta-endorphin peptide precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, and mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in the spleen and in the ARC. Male rats were ad libitum fed rat chow (ad lib-fed), pair-fed an isocaloric liquid diet, or fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet, and each was treated with LPS (100 microg/kg body weight). After 2 hours, splenocytes and ARC tissues were isolated and used for this study. Splenocytes were used to determine mRNA levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, granzyme B, and perforin using the real-time RT-PCR assays. Splenocytes were also used to determine the cytolytic activity using a standard 4-hour (51)Cr release assay against YAC-1 lymphoma target cells. Arcuate nuclei were used to determine IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and POMC mRNA levels using real-time RT-PCR assays. Results The results demonstrate that ethanol feeding via a liquid diet for 2 weeks suppressed both basal and LPS-stimulated NK cell cytolytic functions and the levels of cytotoxicity-regulatory perforin and granzyme B mRNAs in the spleen. Ethanol feeding reduced the basal and LPS-stimulated levels of POMC mRNA in the ARC. Ethanol also impaired LPS-induced levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNAs both in the spleen and in the ARC. In contrast, ethanol feeding did not cause any significant changes in basal and the LPS-stimulated expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNAs in the spleen and of IL-6 mRNA levels in the ARC. These results indicate that ethanol suppression of hypothalamic POMC levels and splenic NK cell functions is associated with a reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in neuroendocrine and immune cells.
Theory of non-Markovian optical gain in excited semiconductors

The optical gain of a quantum-well laser is studied taking into account the valence-band mixing, non-Markovian relaxation and the many-body effects. Conventional gain spectra calculated with the Lorentzian line shape function show two anomalous phenomena: unnatural absorption region below the band-gap energy and mismatch of the transparency point in the gain spectra with the Fermi-level separation, the latter suggesting that the carriers and the photons are not in thermal (or quasi) equilibrium. It is shown that the non-Markovian gain model with many-body effects removes the two anomalies associated with the Lorentzian line shape function with the proper choice of the correlation time.
Future Directions for Small Area Variations

From the Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire. Address correspondence to: John E. Wennberg, MD, Dartmouth Medical School, Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Strasenburgh Hall, Room 332, Hanover, NH 03755-3863. sive description of the health care delivery system, i.e., the types and quantities of resources deployed, such as the numbers of hospital beds and physicians per capita; the per capita expenditures for care; the services produced, in the aggregate and specifically (such as the rates for specific procedures); and the health care outcomes that occur at the population level. Fourth, it seeks answers to policy-relevant questions. When variations occur, why do they occur? What is the role of consumers (patients)? What are the roles of suppliers and public policy? How does variability relate to productivity? When greater amounts of resources are deployed (such as hospital beds or neurosurgeons per capita), what additional services are provided? When more is provided, what are the consequences for health outcomes?
Cloning and Expression of a Thermomonospora YX Endocellulase Gene in E. coli

A set of E. coli transformants (2,500) containing plasmid pBR322 with Thermomonospora YX DNA inserts larger than 3 kb was prepared. The transformants were screened directly for the ability to hydrolyze carboxymethyl cellulose. Two colonies exhibiting cellulase activity were found. One colony contains a plasmid (pD365) that contains a 7.6 kb insert, including the entire gene coding for the major endoglucanase activity of Thermomonospora YX. The other colony (D315) had two plasmids in it: pD316 contains a 8.5 kb insert which includes at least 80% of the major endoglucanase gene; pD315 contains a 6.6 kb insert and does not express cellulase activity. Restriction maps were prepared for each plasmid and the endoglucanase gene was localized to a 2.3 kb SalI fragment in pD316 and to a 3.7 kb EcoRI fragment in pD365. These fragments were subcloned into plasmids containing active promoters regulated by the lactose repressor. The new strains each made about 50 times more cellulase than the original strains. E. coli transformants containing plasmids pD316, pD365 and their derivatives secrete about 30% of their endoglucanase activity into the medium, 30% into the periplasmic space, while 40% remains in the cytoplasm. Thermomonospora YX DNA restriction digests were fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the fragments which hybridized to pD315 and pD316 were detected by nitrocellulose blotting techniques. The results indicated that each plasmid contains a single contiguous segment of Thermomonospora YX DNA and that the pD315 and pD316 inserts are linked in the Thermomonospora YX genome.
On the Singlet−Triplet Splitting of Geminate Electron−Hole Pairs in Organic Semiconductors

Because of their unique photophysical properties, organic semiconductors have shown great promise in both light-emitting devices (LEDs) and photovoltaic systems. In particular, the question of spin statistics looms large in these applications: the relative energetics and rates of formation for singlet versus triplet excited states can have a significant impact on device efficiency. In this Article, we study the singlet and triplet charge-transfer (CT) configurations that can be thought of as the immediate precursors to the luminescent states in organic LEDs. In particular, we find that the CT singlet-triplet energy gap (deltaE(ST)) of organic dyes and oligomers depends sensitively on both the material and the relative orientation of the donor/acceptor pair. Furthermore, in contrast with the commonly held view, we find that the singlet CT states nearly always lie energetically below the triplet CT states (deltaE(ST) < 0). This trend is attributed to two physical sources. First, the relatively close contact between the donor and acceptor leads to a strong kinetic exchange component that favors the singlet. Second, Coulombic attraction between the separated charges favors inner-sphere reorganization that brings the donor and acceptor closer together, further enhancing the kinetic exchange effect. We discuss the implications of these results on the design of organic LEDs.
Egg White Lysozyme 1. Relative Lysozyme Activity in Fresh Eggs Having Low and High Interior Quality

Abstract THE mechanism for the non-bacteriological deterioration of firm egg albumen has been the subject of many investigations. The influence of humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide on the physical appearance of firm albumen has been well established. However, an adequate explanation for the mechanism whereby these environmental factors influence the physical nature of firm albumen has not been reported. Several theories have been advanced to explain the change from firm to liquid albumen. Almquist and Lorenz (1932) studied the fibrous nature of firm albumen. They observed that, in the presence of excess carbon dioxide, the long fibers contract and squeeze out from the mass a liquid solution of the other proteins and in the absence of sufficient CO2 these fibers break up. Conrad and Scott (1939) suggested that the thinning process is associated with a change in the elasticity of the main fibers. Further characteristics of these fibers have been reported …
Adaptive waveform for integrated detection and identification of moving extended target

We propose an improvement to the maximum a posteriori probability weighted eigenwaveform (MAP-PWE) adaptive waveform design used in target recognition with a cognitive radar platform for which we call match-filtered PWE (MF-PWE). Our interest however is to include moving targets in the identification problem. Combining range-Doppler map (RDM) technique with the the PWE-based adaptive waveform techniques, we propose an integrated detection and identification scheme for moving extended targets. Target detection performance comparison between wideband, MAP-PWE, and MF-PWE techniques are shown. It is noted the MF-PWE performs better than the wideband and MAP-PWE.
Endovascular treatment of intra-aortic balloon pump-induced acute limb ischemia.

The development of acute limb ischemia in patients following intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) placement remains a frequent event that presents a significant management challenge. We report two recent cases of this clinical event from our institution, which demonstrate that endovascular therapies may be used to treat acute limb ischemia in this setting without requiring removal of the IABP. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conventions in human-human multi-threaded dialogues: a preliminary study

In this paper, we explore the conventions that people use in managing multiple dialogue threads. In particular, we focus on where in a thread people interrupt when switching to another thread. We find that some subjects are able to vary where they switch depending on how urgent the interrupting task is. When time-allowed, they switched at the end of a discourse segment, which we hypothesize is less disruptive to the interrupted task when it is later resumed.
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Decomposition on Cu Surfaces: Supported Cu Nanoclusters and Films on TiO2(110)

The thermal decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a simulant molecule for organophosphorus nerve agents, has been investigated on Cu clusters as well as on Cu films deposited on a TiO2(110) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies were conducted to characterize the cluster sizes and surface morphologies of the deposited Cu clusters and films. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments demonstrated that the surface chemistry of DMMP is not sensitive to the size of the Cu clusters over the range studied in this work. DMMP reaction on an annealed 40 monolayer Cu film resulted in the desorption of H2, methane, methyl, formaldehyde, methanol, and molecular DMMP, and reaction on the small (4.4 ± 0.9 nm diameter, 1.8 ± 0.6 nm height) and large (10.7 ± 1.9 nm diameter, 4.8 ± 1.0 nm height) Cu clusters generated similar products. Formaldehyde and methane production is believed to occur via a methoxy intermediate on the Cu surface. These products are favored on the higher coverage Cu...
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides Containing Modified Pyrimidines

Abstract Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing certain pyrimidines modified at the 5 and/or 6-position(s) of the heterocycle were synthesized. The ODNs were evaluated for their resistance to nuclease degradation in serum, hybridization properties, and ability to activate RNase H.
Parent-infant interaction in 8-month-olds.

Twenty 8-month-olds were observed interacting with their parents in a structured laboratory situation. Their responses to separations from each parent and the entrance of a strange adult were recorded. These events did not result in the predicted intensification of parental preferences. Before and after the “stressors,” infants showed slight and equivocal preferences for their mothers over their fathers. Implications are briefly described.
An analysis of the kinetics of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase induction: the significance of both enzyme synthesis and degradation.

Abstract The fact that the levels of numerous enzymes in mammalian tissues can be increased by the administration of specific substrates and hormones is well established ( Knox and Mehler, 1951 ; Feigelson and Greengard, 1961 , Greengard and Feigelson, 1961 ; Lin and Knox, 1957 ; Schimke, 1962 ; Conney and Gilman, 1963 ). Such increases superficially resemble bacterial enzyme induction, but may in fact result from different mechanisms. Previous studies from this laboratory (Schimke et al., 1963) have indicated that a decrease in the rate of enzyme degradation, i.e., enzyme stabilization, is an important control mechanism for rat liver arginase. In this paper an analysis of the kinetics of increases in rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase produced by corticosteroids and tryptophan is presented. The results provide further evidence that in mammalian tissues the level of a specific enzyme is controlled by the rate of enzyme degradation, as well as by the rate of enzyme formation.
Reactions of trimethylgallium with silicon hydrides, germane and diborane

Abstract Methylation of SiH 4 , MeSiH 3 , Si 2 H 6 , GeH 4 and B 2 H 6 , but not of PH 3 or AsH 3 , was observed during reaction (230–324°C) with GaMe 3 . The products from the SiH 4 and Si 2 H 6 reactions were MeSiH 3 , Me 2 SiH 2 and Me 3 SiH. The GeH 4 -derived products were similar, with Me 4 Ge also being formed. The only methylated products from B 2 H 6 was BMe 3 . The silane reactions were surface-catalyzed (presumably by surface hydroxyl groups), while those of GeH 4 and B 2 H 6 may have occurred via gas-phase free radical processes.
Development in motion: what to think about migration?

Recent interest in migrant remittances as a development resource calls attention to a deeper issue: the relationship between migration and development. Remittances may be a significant source of economic inflows to poor countries and regions, but their actual development impact (positive or negative) is tied to the migration processes that generate them. Attention to migration in turn creates an opportunity to think about the broader context of development policy and practice, and to re-think the boundaries that we put around our work.
Extraction of Aldicarb and Its Metabolites from Excreta and Gastrointestinal Tissue

Carbamate insecticide screens often include aldicarb and its oxidative metabolites, aldicarb sulfoxide (ASX), and aldicarb sulfone (ASN). The rapid hydrolysis and thermal cleavage of the C−N bond within the carbamate functional group of these compounds produces nitrile transformation products. Nitriles are primary transformation products from aldicarb, its sulfoxide, or its sulfone. However, these nitriles are infrequently monitored. The method reported used acetonitrile/water extraction and HPLC postcolumn derivitization to determine aldicarb, ASX, and ASN from avian excreta and from gastrointestinal (GI) tissue. Recoveries of aldicarb, ASX and ASN from excreta were of 79% ± 5.4, 120% ± 7.7, and 93% ± 6.2, respectively. Recoveries from tissue were 70% ± 5.0, 80% ± 12.1, and 85% ± 6.7, respectively. The same extraction procedure and a GC−FPD analysis were used to determine nitrile metabolites from the same tissues. Aldicarb nitrile, ASX nitrile, and ASN nitrile recoveries from excreta were 42% ± 2.3, 65% ...
Molecular Dynamics Study of (001) and (111) Thin FCC Films

We report on the results of molecular dynamics simulations of thin unsupported fcc films ranging in thickness from 20 layers to a monolayer. The films were oriented with either (001) or (111) free surface normals. The atomic interactions were modelled using a standard Lennard-Jones potential and a short range analytic form of the embedded atom potential. The elastic moduli of the films were determined by measuring their response to very low levels of applied stress. We find that the embedded atom and Lennard-Jones results are in relative agreement for (001) films and qualitative disagreement for (111) oriented films. We relate these differences to the nature of the interatomic potential and the thermodynamic instability of the (001) surface.
A Cross-Age Study of Children's Knowledge of Apparent Celestial Motion.

The US National Science Education Standards and the Benchmarks for Science Literacy recommend that students understand the apparent patterns of motion of the Sun, Moon, and stars by the end of early elementary school, yet no research has specifically examined these concepts from an Earth‐based perspective with this age group. This study examines children’s understanding of the patterns of apparent celestial motion among first‐grade, third‐grade, and eighth‐grade students, and investigates the extent to which these concepts develop from elementary to middle school in students without targeted instruction. Twenty students at each grade level (total n = 60) were interviewed using a novel interview setting: a small dome representing the sky, which allowed students to demonstrate their ideas. Analysis reveals that elementary and middle school students hold a variety of non‐scientific ideas about all aspects of apparent celestial motion. While the eighth‐grade students’ understanding of the apparent motion of t...
Redefining the lipophilin family of proteolipid proteins

The past few years have seen a dramatic increase in our understanding, in molecular terms, of the involvement of the central nervous system proteolipid protein in myelinogenesis and X-linked genetic diseases. In addition, we have expanded our knowledge of the proteins that have been recruited into the vertebrate myelin membrane over the past 400 million years with the molecular cloning of several cDNAs encoding proteins which are homologous to the proteolipid protein gene. In searching for a name to distinguish these proteins from other "proteolipid" proteins of nonneural origin I propose that we resurrect the term "lipophilins" which describes a small family of unusually hydrophobic integral membrane proteins exhibiting identical topologies and similar physical properties. Two subgroups are distinguishable among the lipophilins based on the patterns of expression during development and the presence or absence of a small motif that is exposed to the extracellular space.
Steel Surface Passivation at a Typical Ambient Condition: Atomistic Modeling and X-ray Diffraction/Reflectivity Analyses

Steel corrosion has been observed to be a destructive process that depletes the natural resource of iron and causes expensive infrastructure deterioration leading to impaired living environment and social economy [1–3]. One phenomenal example of steel corrosion is the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures, of which the destructive effects include the loss of steel, cracking/ spalling of concrete caused by accumulated corrosion products at anodic sites, and eventually the failure of structure [4, 5]. In the state-of-the-art of steel corrosion, there exist a series of fundamental issues that are not clearly understood in spite of the abundant knowledge developed in the science of electrochemistry. Without a clear understanding of these issues, the effective control of steel corrosion cannot be satisfactorily achieved. Among the fundamental issues, the atomic-level mechanism of iron oxidation and the growth of oxidation products on steel surface are arguably the most well-known one. One direct consequence of missing a clear picture of these mechanisms is the lack of fundamental information in the formation and destruction of protective film on steel surface. Within this context, a research study was recently launched aiming at exploring the atomic-scale mechanism of iron oxidation on steel surface.
The Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Some Properties of Mechanically Deboned Poultry Meat

Abstract A 50-50 mixture of meat lactic acid starter cultures (Pediococcus cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum) was inoculated (2 × 109 cells/g) into mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM). The MDPM was stored at 3 C for 7 days. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, the emulsifying and water-holding capacities, and color were examined. At the end of the storage period, the MDPM samples treated with the meat starter cultures had lower TBA values than the untreated sample (4.6 vs. 5.4, respectively). The meat starter cultures did not affect the meat proteins as both the emulsifying and water-holding capacities were similar to the control. No deterioration of the red color of the MDPM was noticed during the whole storage period. The lactic acid meat starter cultures inhibited the growth of the MDPM psychrotrophic bacterial population by 100 fold, keeping it below spoilage level (107 cells/g).
Analysis of life table response experiments I. Decomposition of effects on population growth rate

Abstract Life table response experiments use the vital rates of an organism as the response variable in studies of the population-level response to environmental or biological factors. Demographic indices, particularly the asymptotic population growth rate λ (or r = ln λ), are commonly used as summary statistics to integrate the multifarious effects of the environmental factors on the life table. This raises the question of how to decompose the overall effect of a treatment on λ into contributions due to its effects on the individual survival and fertility rates. These contributions can be calculated from matrix projection models. Examples are presented, including a two-way factorial experiment in which both main effects and interactions are decomposed into contributions. In general, it cannot be assumed that large effects on the vital rates translate into large contributions to the effects on λ.
Evidence of a Barrier to Lateral Penetration of P-32 Across Roots of Intact Transpiring Plants, Based on Measurements of Xylem Stream Composition

Quantitative aspects of lateral pemetration of P³² across roots of intact transpiring bean plants were investigatod by measuring isotope which reached the xylem stream. Plants were growm to treatment size under controlled environment and nutrient conditions, and were then placed in a treatment solution containing P³². Isotope which appeared in petiole, epicotyl, and hypocotyl samples over a 20 minute period was measured. Xylem stream P³² was at least partially separated from the metabolic fraction by subjecting only the sarnple to low temperature. Time course buildup of P³² in test samples followimg a distinct two-phase pattern. The first phase was an abrupt rise in sample activity 2 to 4 min following root introduction of isotope. This rise was not sensitive to sample temperature, and was attributed to initial passage of the isotope front through the samples. Buildup which occurred in the post 4 rain period was in part sensitive to sample temperature. Reductions which occurred as a result of 3 deg C sample temperature were believed to represent isotope metabolically accumulated within the sample. Remaining activity was attributed to isotope in the xylem stream and to an unknown X ' fraction. Xylem volume of test samples was determined. Calculations were thenmore » made of activities which could be expected in the time course studies had composition of the ingoing stream not changed with respect to P-32. Results indicated that the bulk of P-32 was removed from the ingoing stream before reaching the test sarnples. The rapidity and efflciency with which the isotope was removed from the streara indicated that functional depletion was not the primary process involved. Suggestion was made of a specific barrier to transpiration passage of P³² across the root. (auth)« less
Adaptation and Selection of Prion Protein Strain Conformations following Interspecies Transmission of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy

Interspecies transmission of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, can result in the adaptation and selection of TSE strains with an expanded host range and increased virulence such as in the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To investigate TSE strain adaptation, we serially passaged a biological clone of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) into Syrian golden hamsters and examined the selection of distinct strain phenotypes and conformations of the disease-specific isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). The long-incubation-period drowsy (DY) TME strain was the predominate strain, based on the presence of its strain-specific PrPSc following interspecies passage. Additional serial passages in hamsters resulted in the selection of the hyper (HY) TME PrPSc strain-dependent conformation and its short incubation period phenotype unless the passages were performed with a low-dose inoculum (e.g., 10−5 dilution), in which case the DY TME clinical phenotype continued to predominate. For both TME strains, the PrPSc strain pattern preceded stabilization of the TME strain phenotype. These findings demonstrate that interspecies transmission of a single cloned TSE strain resulted in adaptation of at least two strain-associated PrPSc conformations that underwent selection until one type of PrPSc conformation and strain phenotype became predominant. To examine TME strain selection in the absence of host adaptation, hamsters were coinfected with hamster-adapted HY and DY TME. DY TME was able to interfere with the selection of the short-incubation HY TME phenotype. Coinfection could result in the DY TME phenotype and PrPSc conformation on first passage, but on subsequent passages, the disease pattern converted to HY TME. These findings indicate that during TSE strain adaptation, there is selection of a strain-specific PrPSc conformation that can determine the TSE strain phenotype.
Surgeon-performed ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in appendicitis

Abstract Purpose Diagnosing appendicitis may require adjunct studies such as computed tomography or ultrasound (US). Combining a clinical examination with surgeon-performed US (SPUS) may increase diagnostic accuracy and decrease radiation exposure and costs. Methods A prospective study was conducted including children with a potential diagnosis of appendicitis. A surgery resident performed a clinical examination and US to make a diagnosis. Final diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed by operative findings and pathology. Results were compared with radiology department US (RDUS) and a large randomized trial. Analysis was performed using Fisher exact test. Results Fifty-four patients were evaluated and underwent SPUS. Twenty-nine patients (54%) had appendicitis. Overall accuracy was 89%, with accuracy increasing from 85% to 93% between the 2 halves of the study. Radiology department US was performed on 21 patients before surgical evaluation, yielding an accuracy of 81%. Surgeon-performed US on those 21 patients yielded an accuracy of 90%. No statistical differences were found between any groups ( P > .05). Conclusion Accuracy of SPUS was similar to RDUS and that of a large prospective randomized trial performed by radiologists. Furthermore, when the same clinician performs the clinical examination and US, a high level of accuracy can be achieved. With this degree of accuracy, SPUS may be used as a primary diagnostic tool and computed tomography reserved for challenging cases, limiting costs, and radiation exposure.
State-Issued Currency and the Ratification of the U.S. Consitution

Paper money, a major component of the colonial money supply, was critical to the economic policies of the colonial legislatures. Why did the state legislatures relinquish the power to issue money to the new federal government through the ratification of the Constitution? Hostility between states with radically different philosophies regarding paper money raised concerns about the viability of the union, and it was this fear which led to the clause in the Federal Constitution that prohibited state paper money issues.