cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A generalized nonlocal vector calculus

A nonlocal vector calculus was introduced in Du et al. (Math Model Meth Appl Sci 23:493–540, 2013) that has proved useful for the analysis of the peridynamics model of nonlocal mechanics and nonlocal diffusion models. A formulation is developed that provides a more general setting for the nonlocal vector calculus that is independent of particular nonlocal models. It is shown that general nonlocal calculus operators are integral operators with specific integral kernels. General nonlocal calculus properties are developed, including nonlocal integration by parts formula and Green’s identities. The nonlocal vector calculus introduced in Du et al. (Math Model Meth Appl Sci 23:493–540, 2013) is shown to be recoverable from the general formulation as a special example. This special nonlocal vector calculus is used to reformulate the peridynamics equation of motion in terms of the nonlocal gradient operator and its adjoint. A new example of nonlocal vector calculus operators is introduced, which shows the potential use of the general formulation for general nonlocal models.
The circular polarization of the gamma rays following the β decay of Fe-59

Abstract The circular polarization of the gamma rays emitted in the beta decay of Fe 59 has been measured using the method of forward scattering from a magnetized Armco iron cylinder. A method is described to separate the effects due to the two dominant decay modes. For the 461 keV β-1.099 MeV γ cascade asymmetry coefficient A = −0.46±0.08 was determined; for the 271 keV β-1.20 MeV γ transition the asymmetry coefficient was A = −0.04±0.11.
Subsheaves of the cotangent bundle

For any smooth projective variety, we study a birational invariant, defined by Campana which depends on the Kodaira dimension of the subsheaves of the cotangent bundle of the variety and its exterior powers.
Sustained firing in auditory cortex evoked by preferred stimuli

It has been well documented that neurons in the auditory cortex of anaesthetized animals generally display transient responses to acoustic stimulation, and typically respond to a brief stimulus with one or fewer action potentials. The number of action potentials evoked by each stimulus usually does not increase with increasing stimulus duration. Such observations have long puzzled researchers across disciplines and raised serious questions regarding the role of the auditory cortex in encoding ongoing acoustic signals. Contrary to these long-held views, here we show that single neurons in both primary (area A1) and lateral belt areas of the auditory cortex of awake marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) are capable of firing in a sustained manner over a prolonged period of time, especially when they are driven by their preferred stimuli. In contrast, responses become more transient or phasic when auditory cortex neurons respond to non-preferred stimuli. These findings suggest that when the auditory cortex is stimulated by a sound, a particular population of neurons fire maximally throughout the duration of the sound. Responses of other, less optimally driven neurons fade away quickly after stimulus onset. This results in a selective representation of the sound across both neuronal population and time.
The anxiogenic drug yohimbine reinstates methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of drug relapse.

Abstract Background Brain noradrenaline is involved in footshock stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in a rat relapse model. We studied whether yohimbine, an α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist that increases noradrenaline release and induces anxiety-like responses in human and nonhuman subjects, would reinstate methamphetamine seeking in rats. Methods In experiment 1, the effect of yohimbine (1.25–2.5 mg/kg) on reinstatement was compared with that of intermittent footshock (5 min; .2–.6 mA) in rats that were trained to lever press for intravenous methamphetamine (9–11 days) and subsequently underwent 7 days of extinction training. In experiment 2, the effect of yohimbine on reinstatement of drug seeking was determined during early (1 day) and late (21 or 51 days) withdrawal periods. On the test days, rats were first given 3-hour extinction sessions and were then tested for reinstatement induced by yohimbine. Results In experiment 1, both yohimbine and footshock stress reinstated methamphetamine seeking after extinction. In experiment 2, extinction responding was higher after 21 or 51 withdrawal days than after 1 withdrawal day. In contrast, no significant time-dependent changes in yohimbine-induced reinstatement were observed. Conclusions Results indicate that yohimbine is a potent stimulus for reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in a rat relapse model.
Induction of apoptosis by cadmium and the adeno-associated virus Rep proteins.

The parvoviruses exert antiproliferative effects on transformed cells in culture. The development of cell lines that inducibly express the parvovirus nonstructural proteins have implicated these proteins in the limitation of cell growth. To study the host cell interactions of the nonstructural proteins we have developed a human 293 cell line that expresses the adeno-associated virus (AAV) rep gene upon induction with heavy metal salts. When induced with both Zn(2+) and Cd(2+), Rep protein expression correlates with a cell cycle block in S phase (Yang, Q., Chen, F., and Trempe, J. P. (1994). J. Virology 68,7169-7177). However when induced with Cd(2+) alone, the Rep proteins are expressed and the cells are killed. Production of a nucleosomal DNA repeat pattern and degradation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) suggest that killing occurs by apoptosis. These results demonstrate that AAV Rep protein expression in chemically stressed cells is cytotoxic due to induction of apoptotic pathways.
Regulation of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I receptors by estradiol and progesterone in normal and neoplastic endometrial cell cultures.

Abstract Growth factors are polypeptides which regulate cell proliferation through binding to specific receptor proteins. Normal and neoplastic human endometrium have been shown to express epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) receptors. Endometrial cell cultures were used to test modulation of EGF and IGF-1 receptors in response to steroid hormones. Endometrial gland and stroma cells were separated by enzymatic dispersion and were incubated in medium containing estradiol (10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml) or progesterone (1, 10, or 100 ng/ml) followed by radioligand assays. Normal endometrial cultures ( n = 6) treated with estradiol demonstrated 40% less EGF binding than control cultures ( P n = 2) demonstrated decreased EGF binding compared with normal endometrium ( P P
Urinary mutagenesis and fried red meat intake: Influence of cooking temperature, phenotype, and genotype of metabolizing enzymes in a controlled feeding study

Meat cooked at high temperatures contains potential carcinogenic compounds, such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples from a 2-week controlled feeding study were used to examine the relationship between the intake of mutagenicity from meat fried at different temperatures and the levels of mutagenicity subsequently detected in urine, as well as the influence of the genotype of drug metabolizing enzymes on urinary mutagenicity. Sixty subjects consumed ground beef patties fried at low temperature (100°C) for 1 week, followed by ground beef patties fried at high temperature (250°C) the second week. Mutagenicity in the meat was assayed in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (+S9), and urinary mutagenicity was determined using Salmonella YG1024 (+S9). Genotypes for NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, and UGT1A1 were analyzed using blood samples from the subjects. Meat fried at 100°C was not mutagenic, whereas meat fried at 250°C was mutagenic (1023 rev/g). Unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed urine samples were 22× and 131× more mutagenic, respectively, when subjects consumed red meat fried at 250°C compared with red meat fried at 100°C. We found that hydrolyzed urine was ∼8× more mutagenic than unhydrolyzed urine, likely due to the deconjugation of mutagens from glucuronide. The intake of meat cooked at high temperature correlated with the mutagenicity of unhydrolyzed urine (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) and hydrolyzed urine (r = 0.34, P = 0.008). Mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine was not influenced by NAT1, NAT2, or GSTM1 genotypes. However, a UGT1A1*28 polymorphism that reduced UGT1A1 expression and conjugation modified the effect of intake of meat cooked at high temperature on mutagenicity of unhydrolyzed urine (P for interaction = 0.04). These mutagenicity data were also compared with previously determined levels of HCAs (measured as MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and PhIP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the meat, levels of HCAs in the urine, and CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes. The levels of mutagenicity in the meat fried at low and high temperatures correlated with levels of HCAs, but not levels of PAHs, in the meat. Also, levels of mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine correlated with levels of MeIQx in unhydrolyzed urine (r = 0.36; P = 0.01), and the levels of mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine correlated with levels of MeIQx (r = 0.34; P = 0.01) and PhIP (r = 0.43; P = 0.001) of hydrolyzed urine. Mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine was not influenced by either the CYP1A2 or NAT2 phenotype. The data from this study indicate that urinary mutagenicity correlates with mutagenic exposure from cooked meat and can potentially be used as a marker in etiological studies on cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 43:53–74, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modular visions: referents, context and strategies for database open media works

The processes of constructing meaning in digital database environments entail a paradigm shift from previous models of audio-visual communication. Media emerging from the Electro-mechanical era (film/TV/video) present fixed spatio-temporal linearity and material conditions which objectify and render passive viewer and process. The problematic aspects of cinematic communication were addressed by Latin American filmmakers of the "Third Cinema" movement. Their concerns and approach presaged and assisted an understanding of the radical redefinition of audio-visual communication possible with digital databases. The conceptual and aesthetic aspirations of "Third Cinema" artists such as Julio Garcia Espinosa and Fernando Solanas were ultimately contradictory to linear media and find their fitting medium in digital modular construction. The materiality of database expression lacks an intrinsic temporal or spatial state and permits a more dynamic and multidirectional set of power relationships between author/s, piece, viewer/s. Other important referents for contextualising database art are modern art practitioners that rejected linear representational space and fractured the centrality of authorship. The author's own work, "...two, three, many Guevaras," an exploratory database environment, embraces the redefinition of process as artistic expression, the empowerment of interacting generative forces, and serves to illustrate the revolutionary potential of the new media.
Water-Quality Trends in the Nation's Rivers

Water-quality records from two nationwide sampling networks now permit nationally consistent analysis of long-term water-quality trends at more than 300 locations on major U.S. rivers. Observed trends in 24 measures of water quality for the period from 1974 to 1981 provide new insight into changes in stream quality that occurred during a time of major changes in both terrestrial and atmospheric influences on surface waters. Particularly noteworthy are widespread decreases in fecal bacteria and lead concentrations and widespread increases in nitrate, chloride, arsenic, and cadmium concentrations. Recorded increases in municipal waste treatment, use of salt on highways, and nitrogen fertilizer application, along with decreases in leaded gasoline consumption and regionally variable trends in coal production and combustion during the period appear to be reflected in water-quality changes.
Inducible nitric oxide regulates intestinal glutamine assimilation during chronic intestinal inflammation

To facilitate assimilation of glutamine, different Na-dependent glutamine absorptive pathways are present in the rabbit small intestine, specifically B0AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypt cell brush border membrane. Further, both are uniquely regulated in the chronically inflamed intestine. B0AT1 is inhibited secondary to reduced number of brush border membrane (BBM) co-transporters while SN2 is stimulated secondary to an increased affinity for glutamine. These unique changes are reversible by treatment with a broad spectrum immune modulator such as glucocorticoids. However, whether inducible nitric oxide (iNO), known to be elevated in the mucosa of the chronically inflamed intestine, may be responsible for these co-transporter alterations is not known. In the present study, treatment of chronically inflamed rabbits with L-NIL, a selective inhibitor of iNO synthase, reversed the inhibition of B0AT1 in villus and the stimulation of SN2 in crypt cells. At the level of the co-transporter in the brush border membrane, inhibition of iNO production reversed the inhibition of villus B0AT1 by restoring the co-transporter numbers while the stimulation of crypt SN2 was reversed back to normal by restoring its affinity for glutamine. Western blot analyses of BBM proteins also confirmed the kinetic studies. Thus, L-NIL treatment restores the uniquely altered Na-glutamine co-transporters in the enterocytes of chronically inflamed intestine. All these data indicate that iNO functions as an upstream immune modulator directly regulating glutamine assimilation during chronic intestinal inflammation.
Weapon design patterns in shooter games

With the increasing complexity of interactive games, the need for a common vocabulary to describe patterns grows. Action-oriented games focus heavily on players using weapons, but categorizations used for weapons are borrowed from real-world patterns, classifying them according to the physical inner-workings of the weapons rather than their gameplay effects. This terminology draws lines between similar weapons that elicit similar gameplay and creates unnecessary distinctions between fictional and non-fictional weapons. We aim to classify weapons in a way that defines weapons by the gameplay behaviors they elicit using a language of common weapon design patterns. This paper expands the taxonomy of game design patterns to better describe how weapons can be used to influence gameplay. These patterns act as a language for communicating game design concepts.
Imaging brain mu-opioid receptors in abstinent cocaine users: time course and relation to cocaine craving.

Background Cocaine treatment upregulates brain mu-opioid receptors (mOR) in animals. Human data regarding this phenomenon are limited. We previously used positron emission tomography (PET) with [ 11 C]-carfentanil to show increased mOR binding in brain regions of 10 cocaine-dependent men after 1 and 28 days of abstinence. Methods Regional brain mOR binding potential (BP) was measured with [ 11 C]carfentanil PET scanning in 17 cocaine users over 12 weeks of abstinence on a research ward and in 16 healthy control subjects. Results Mu-opioid receptor BP was increased in the frontal, anterior cingulate, and lateral temporal cortex after 1 day of abstinence. Mu-opioid receptor BP remained elevated in the first two regions after 1 week and in the anterior cingulate and anterior frontal cortex after 12 weeks. Increased binding in some regions at 1 day and 1 week was positively correlated with self-reported cocaine craving. Mu-opioid receptor BP was significantly correlated with percentage of days with cocaine use and amount of cocaine used per day of use during the 2 weeks before admission and with urine benzoylecgonine concentration at the first PET scan. Conclusions These results suggest that chronic cocaine use influences endogenous opioid systems in the human brain and might explain mechanisms of cocaine craving and reinforcement.
Intrathecal fluorescein in endoscopic skull base surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Reconstruction following endoscopic skull base surgery requires a high degree of success to avoid the morbidity of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The impact on outcomes of CSF visualization with intrathecal fluorescein, however, is unknown.STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery with intrathecal fluorescein. A possible correlation between intraoperative fluorescein identification and postoperative CSF leak was analyzed.RESULTS: 61 patients underwent surgery for a variety of lesions including pituitary adenoma (55.7%), encephalocele (14.8%), and meningioma (9.8%). Seven (19.4%) of the 37 patients with intraoperative fluorescein leak experienced postoperative CSF leak compared to 0 of the 24 patients who did not have intraoperative fluorescein leak (P = 0.02). All cases of CSF leak resolved with lumbar drainage alone.CONCLUSIONS: The lack of intraoperative fluorescein leak-age correlates strongly with a low risk for postoperative C...
Time and Teaching

Abstract This essay invites reflection on the phenomena of time as it impacts the day-to-day life of teachers. It also explores assumptions about time and teaching in three areas: first, beliefs about the force of time and the teacher's struggle to control it; second, beliefs about the potential of time and the benefits of its passing for teachers and students; and finally, beliefs about significant moments in time and the teacher's courage to be appropriately responsive to them.
Effects of acute and chronic cocaine on the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons in the rat.

Abstract We investigated the effects of acute and chronic cocaine on dopamine (DA) synthesis in tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons by measuring the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalaine (DOPA) in the median eminence (ME). Cocaine-induced prolactin (PRL). Chronic cocaine did not alter were evaluated for comparison. Acute cocaine inhibited DA synthesis in the ME and decreased circulating PRL. Chronic cocaine did not alter basal DOPA levels in TIDA nerve terminals or PRL levels in plasma. After repeated cocaine injections, cocaine's inhibitory effect on DA synthesis was abolished in the ME while the PRL response to drug was unchanged. These results suggest that TIDA neurons become tolerant to cocaine-induced suppression of DA synthesis after chronic cocaine exposure, but the altered sensitivity of TIDA neurons is not revealed by plasma PRL measures.
The microbiologic effect of digital cervical examination

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital examination introduces vaginal organisms into the cervix. Study Design: Thirty-five women with reported ruptured membranes at ≥34 weeks' gestation underwent a sterile speculum examination and a standardized semiqualitative, semiquantitative endocervical culture before and immediately after digital cervical examination. Results: Cultures taken before digital examination demonstrated a mean of 2.8 ± 1.7 different types of organisms, whereas cultures taken after digital examination demonstrated a mean of 4.4 ± 1.5 different types of organisms ( P Conclusion: An immediate effect of digital examination is the introduction of vaginal organisms into the cervical canal. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:578-80.)
On the sum powers of matrices

A theorem of Lagrange says that every natural number is the sum of 4 squares. M. Newman proved that every integral n by n matrix is the sum of 8 (−1) n squares when n is at least 2. He asked to generalize this to the rings of integers of algebraic number fields. We show that an n by n matrix over a a commutative R with 1 is the sum of squares if and only if its trace reduced modulo 2Ris a square in the ring R/2R. It this is the case (and n is at least 2), then the matrix is the sum of 6 squares (5 squares would do when n is even). Moreover, we obtain a similar result for an arbitrary ring R with 1. Answering another question of M. Newman, we show that every integral n by n matrix is the sum of ten k-th powers for all sufficiently large n. (depending on k).
The superfluid transition of 4He, a test case for finite-size scaling at a second-order phase transition

The second-order phase transition of 4He from a normal fluid to a superfluid is ideally suited for studies of critical behaviour. In particular, effects of confinement have been studied recently to verify theoretical predictions of correlation-length scaling and calculations of specific scaling functions. These predictions are summarized for the specific heat and the superfluid density. The method of achieving confinement is discussed, as well as the measuring technique. The specific heat and the superfluid density in planar confinement are examined. It is found that the specific heat scales well on the normal side, and just as well on the superfluid side until the region of the specific heat maximum is reached. Here deviations from scaling are seen. It is possible that this behaviour is associated with the specific crossover in two dimensions. The superfluid fraction, which has been measured for the same type of confinement in two different ways, does not scale. Results of a calculation for the superfluid density to assess the role of the inhomogeneity induced by the van der Waals attraction at the confining walls are presented.
Arthrodesis for failed ankle arthroplasty.

Abstract Thirty-eight ankles in 36 patients who underwent fusion for failed total ankle arthroplasty were reviewed. Twenty-two patients were women and 14 were men, and their mean age was 56.8 years. The fusion methods performed in the 38 ankles were malleolar resection in 13, intercalated bone graft in 20, and posterior tibiotalocalcaneal fusion in 5. Fixation was external in 36 ankles and internal in 2. Bone graft was used in 32 ankles. Union was achieved in 33 ankles (89%). The average duration of the follow-up period in 29 patients (31 ankles) was 8.3 years (range, 2–14.4 years). Patients had no or mild pain in 24 ankles (80%). Complications occurred in five ankles (13%). Failed total ankle arthroplasty may be successfully salvaged by arthrodesis.
Effect of Intraamniotic Fluid Thyroxine Injection on Fetal Serum and Amniotic Fluid Iodothyronine Concentrations

Seven hundred micrograms of T4 were injected into the amniotic cavity 24 h before delivery of five pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section at term. T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations were measured by RIA in amniotic fluid obtained at the time of the injection and in amniotic fluid and cord serum samples collected at delivery. Iodothyronine concentrations also were determined on cord samples from 24 full term control infants. The geometric mean serum T4 concentration in the experimental infants was 27.2 micrograms/dl, almost 3 times that of the control population (10.3 micrograms/dl); serum rT3 concentrations were markedly elevated to a mean of 657 ng/dl, compared to 254 ng/dl in control infants. The mean serum T3 concentration was slightly but significantly increased to 61.3 ng/dl (control, 48.3 ng/dl; P less than 0.02). Amniotic fluid T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations all increased significantly. T4 injection into the amniotic fluid is an effective method of increasing fetal serum T4 concentrations. The preferential pathway of monodeiodination of the injected T4 in the human fetus is to rT3 rather than T3.
Differences between Presentation Methods in Working Memory Procedures: A Matter of Working Memory Consolidation

Understanding forgetting from working memory, the memory used in ongoing cognitive processing, is critical to understanding human cognition. In the last decade a number of conflicting findings have been reported regarding the role of time in forgetting from working memory. This has led to a debate concerning whether longer retention intervals necessarily result in more forgetting. An obstacle to directly comparing conflicting reports is a divergence in methodology across studies. Studies which find no forgetting as a function of retention-interval duration tend to use sequential presentation of memory items, while studies which find forgetting as a function of retention-interval duration tend to use simultaneous presentation of memory items. Here, we manipulate the duration of retention and the presentation method of memory items, presenting items either sequentially or simultaneously. We find that these differing presentation methods can lead to different rates of forgetting because they tend to differ in the time available for consolidation into working memory. The experiments detailed here show that equating the time available for working memory consolidation equates the rates of forgetting across presentation methods. We discuss the meaning of this finding in the interpretation of previous forgetting studies and in the construction of working memory models.
Cellular redox state alters recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction through tyrosine phosphatase pathways.

Several types of environmental damage including UV, hyd- of rAAV transduction. Furthermore, using electron spin resroxyurea and ionizing irradiation have been shown to aug- onance spectroscopy (ESR), we demonstrated that both ment rAAV transduction. Current hypotheses suggest that UV and H2O2 treatment of cell lines lead to the induction these environmental stimuli lead to the enhanced pro- of H0 · radicals. Our results demonstrating that NaOV duction and/or activation of cellular factors important in the inhibits the augmentation of rAAV transduction following conversion of single-stranded DNA genomes to express- UV and H2O2 treatment, implicate H0 · radicals as moduible forms. However, the mechanisms of action are cur- lators of tyrosine phosphatase pathways involved in rAAV rently unknown. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen transduction. Alterations in the cellular redox state and intermediates (ROI) may play a common role in the aug- subsequent activation of tyrosine phosphatase pathways mentation of rAAV transduction by these environmental appear to alter the phosphorylation status of the previously stimuli. Our results demonstrate that treatment with hydro- identified single-stranded sequence binding protein (ssDgen peroxide can give equivalent or greater levels of aug- BP), with reduced phosphorylation correlating with an mentation in rAAV transduction as that seen by hydroxy- enhancement in rAAV transduction. In summary, we conurea or UV irradiation. For all environmental stimuli, clude that the cellular redox state may play an important pretreatment with the hydroxyl radical (H0 · ) scavenger, N- role in regulating rAAV transduction.
Overexpression of apolipoprotein A-IV enhances lipid secretion in IPEC-1 cells by increasing chylomicron size

Intestinal apolipoprotein A-IV expression is highly regulated by dietary lipid in newborn swine, suggesting a role in lipid absorption. Constitutive overexpression of apoA-IV in newborn swine enterocytes enhances basolateral secretion of triacylglycerol (TG) in TG-rich lipoproteins 4.9-fold (Lu, S., Yao, Y., Meng, S., Cheng, X., and Black, D. D. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31929-31937). To investigate the mechanism of this enhancement, IPEC-1 cells were transfected with a tetracycline-regulatable expression system (Tet-On). In cells incubated with oleic acid, a dose response relationship was observed between medium doxycycline concentration and basolateral apoA-IV and TG secretion. Similarly regulated expression of apoA-I did not enhance lipid secretion. The mean diameter of TG-rich lipoproteins secreted from doxycycline-treated cells was larger than from untreated cells (87.0 nm versus 53.4 nm). Basolateral apoB secretion decreased. Using the same expression system, full-length human apoA-IV (376 amino acids); a "pig-like" human apoA-IV, lacking the C-terminal EQQQ repeats (361 amino acids); and a "chicken-like" apoA-IV, further truncated to 343 amino acids, were expressed in IPEC-1 cells. With increasing protein secretion, cells expressing the full-length human apoA-IV displayed a 2-fold increase in TG secretion; in sharp contrast, cells expressing the pig-like human apoA-IV displayed a 25-fold increase in TG secretion and a 27-fold increase in lipoprotein diameter. When human apoA-IV was further truncated to yield a chicken-like protein, TG secretion was inhibited. We conclude that overexpression of swine apoA-IV enhances basolateral TG secretion in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the size of secreted lipoproteins. These data suggest that the region in the human apoA-IV protein from residues 344 to 354 is critical to its ability to enhance lipid secretion, perhaps by enabling the packaging of additional core TG into chylomicron particles. The EQQQ-rich region may play an inhibitory or modulatory role in chylomicron packaging in humans.
Chromosomal silencing and localization are mediated by different domains of Xist RNA

The gene Xist initiates the chromosomal silencing process of X inactivation in mammals. Its product, a noncoding RNA, is expressed from and specifically associates with the inactive X chromosome in female cells. Here we use an inducible Xist expression system in mouse embryonic stem cells that recapitulates long-range chromosomal silencing to elucidate which Xist RNA sequences are necessary for chromosomal association and silencing. We show that chromosomal association and spreading of Xist RNA can be functionally separated from silencing by specific mutations. Silencing requires a conserved repeat sequence located at the 5' end of Xist. Deletion of this element results in Xist RNA that still associates with chromatin and spreads over the chromosome but does not effect transcriptional repression. Association of Xist RNA with chromatin is mediated by functionally redundant sequences that act cooperatively and are dispersed throughout the remainder of Xist but show little or no homology.
Adeno-Associated Virus Rep Protein-Mediated Inhibition of Transcription of the Adenovirus Major Late Promoter In Vitro

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a human parvovirus that normally requires a helper virus such as adenovirus (Ad) for replication. The four AAV replication proteins (Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40) are pleiotropic effectors of virus integration, replication, transcription, and virion assembly. These proteins exert effects on Ad gene expression and replication. In transient plasmid transfection assays, Rep proteins inhibit gene expression from a variety of transcription promoters. We have examined Rep protein-mediated inhibition of transcription of the Ad major late transcription promoter (AdMLP) in vitro. Rep78/68 are the strongest transcription suppressors and the purine nucleotide binding site in the Rep proteins, and by implication, the ATPase activity or conformational change induced by nucleotide binding is required for full repression. Rep52 has modest effects, and Rep40 exerts no significant effect on transcription. Rep78/68 and their N-terminal 225-residue domain bind to a 55-bp AdMLP DNA fragment in gel shift assays, suggesting that protein-DNA interactions are required for inhibition. This interaction was confirmed in DNase I protection assays and maps to a region extending from the TATA box to the transcription initiation site. Gel shift, DNase I, and chemical cross-linking assays with TATA box-binding protein (TBP) and Rep68 indicate that both proteins interact with each other and with the promoter at adjacent sites. The demonstration of Rep interaction with TBP and the AdMLP suggests that Rep78/68 alter the preinitiation complex of RNA polymerase II transcription. These observations provide new insight into the mechanism of Rep-mediated inhibition of gene expression.
A Case of an Ectopic Ampulla of Vater in the Pyloric Channel

A 51-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. He was subsequently diagnosed with cholestatic jaundice and cholangitis. A side-viewing duodenoscope failed to identify the ampulla of Vater in the second portion of duodenum. A regular gastroscope was used, and an ectopic ampulla of Vater was identified in the pyloric channel.
Type IIIC Gaucher's Disease

Gaucher’s disease, an autosomal recessive storage disease, leads to deposition of glucocerebrosides in various organs. Recently, type IIIC Gaucher’s disease, homozygous for the 409H (1342C) mutation, has been identified. It is a rare disease that has cardiac valvular manifestations unlike the other forms of Gaucher’s disease. We report a case of an 18-year-old Palestinian man with a family history of Gaucher’s disease who presented with shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, and orthopnea. He also had diffuse, well-defined corneal opacification …
A three-dimensional NMR experiment with improved sensitivity for carbonyl-carbonyl J correlation in proteins

Recently, a quantitative J correlation technique has been presented that permits measurement of 3Jc'c' in proteins isotopically enriched with 13C [Hu, J.-S. and Bax, A. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 8170-8171]. Here, we describe an analogous experiment that is less sensitive to transverse 13C' relaxation, which is the principal limiting factor in all 13C-13C long-range correlation experiments on macromolecules. The new scheme utilizes homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn cross polarization (TOCSY) instead of a COSY type transfer to accomplish magnetization transfer; a description of the relevant relaxation terms is presented. The experiment is demonstrated for ubiquitin and HIV-1 Nef. The results show excellent agreement between 3Jc'c' values measured for ubiquitin with the new scheme and those reported previously. The experiment is particularly useful for distinguishing backbone phi angles that are smaller than -120 degrees from those larger than -120 degrees.
Relationship of diet to root caries

A Nutrition and Oral Health Study was conducted on 141 middle-aged and elderly adults (54% female and 46% male; aged 47-83 y, mean = 67; 51% college educated; and 89% white). This study reports on the relationship between root caries and diet. Nutritional composition was derived from two 3-d food diaries. Root caries was measured according to the 1985 Adult Survey Diagnostic Criteria of the National Institute of Dental Research. When the individuals were segregated by their root DFS (decayed and filled surfaces) status into highest (> or = 7) and lowest ( or = 89 g) and lowest (< or = 31 g) quartiles, DFS root status was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the highest quartile group (7 g) vs the lowest group (4 g). By using data from subjects with two food diaries, a stepwise-linear-regression model for root caries showed that 4.2% of the variance for root caries was explained by sucrose, 2.8% by plaque, 3.8% by total number of teeth, and 5.6% by gingival recession. These data suggest that root caries has a similar dietary etiology to coronal caries.
Thank You to the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine Peer Reviewers for 2013

This article recognizes editorial board members and peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine in 2010.
Study of Regional Logistics Demand Forecasting methods based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper considers the regional logistics demand forecasting problem (RLDFP) in regional logistics planning issues with the feature of coexistent stabile subsystem and mutative subsystem. Development of stabile subsystem is smooth and can be forecasted with methods of trend extension, while mutative subsystem is change in step and can't be forecasted with methods of trend extension. For this complicated problem, we present method framework combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. As for stabile subsystem, we propose quantum particle swarm optimization combination method (QPSOCM) which is based on quantitative analysis and can obtain optimized forecasting results. And as for mutative subsystem, we propose decomposition statistics method (DSM) which qualitatively analyses the components of the subsystem and then accumulated forecasting indicators. Computations show that solutions from QPSOCM are better than the traditional methods as far as the total deviation between the actual values and forecasting values is concerned.
Conformational model of the Holliday junction transition deduced from molecular dynamics simulations

Homologous recombination plays a key role in the restart of stalled replication forks and in the generation of genetic diversity. During this process, two homologous DNA molecules undergo strand exchange to form a four-way DNA (Holliday) junction. In the presence of metal ions, the Holliday junction folds into the stacked-X structure that has two alternative conformers. Experiments have revealed the spontaneous transitions between these conformers, but their detailed pathways are not known. Here, we report a series of molecular dynamics simulations of the Holliday junction at physiological and elevated (400 K) temperatures. The simulations reveal new tetrahedral intermediates and suggest a schematic framework for conformer transitions. The tetrahedral intermediates bear resemblance to the junction conformation in complex with a junction-resolving enzyme, T7 endonuclease I, and indeed, one intermediate forms a stable complex with the enzyme as demonstrated in one simulation. We also describe free energy minima for various states of the Holliday junction system, which arise during conformer transitions. The results show that magnesium ions stabilize the stacked-X form and destabilize the open and tetrahedral intermediates. Overall, our study provides a detailed dynamic model of the Holliday junction undergoing a conformer transition.
A cross-layer cross-overlay architecture for proactive adaptive processing in mesh networks

The dynamic characteristics of wireless mesh network environments make delay-sensitive multimedia applications processing in such networks a very challenging task Cross-layer optimizations are commonly designed to ensure that application requirements are met. Improved timeliness of delivery and precision of information as acquired by a decision- entity can help in effective management of resources and strategies in the mesh network to achieve better application availability, stability, and performance. In this paper, we present an information exchange and database architecture that allows regular updates of cross-layer parameters through distributed database services over an overlay network The architecture provides cross-layer cross-overlay information to enable proactive decision making and distributed optimization for transmission of delay-sensitive application flows in mesh networks. Distributed multi-flow routing optimization over heterogeneous wired + wireless-mesh networks with the suggested information-exchange architecture is also explored.
Low-complexity decoding of block turbo-coded system with antenna diversity

The goal of this paper is to reduce the decoding complexity of space-time block turbo-coded system with low performance degradation. Two block turbo-coded systems with antenna diversity are considered. These include the simple serial concatenation of error control code with space-time block code, and the recently proposed transmit antenna diversity scheme using forward error correction techniques. It is shown that the former performs better when compared to the latter in terms of bit error rate (BER) under the same spectral efficiency (up to 7 dB at the BER of 10-5 for quasistatic channel with two transmit and two receive antennas). For the former system, a computationally efficient decoding approach is proposed for the soft decoding of space-time block code. Compared to its original maximum likelihood decoding algorithm, it can reduce the computation by up to 70% without any performance degradation. Additionally, for the considered outer code block turbo code, through reduction of test patterns scanned in the Chase algorithm and the alternative computation of its extrinsic information during iterative decoding, extra 0.3 dB to 0.4 dB coding gain is obtained if compared with previous approaches with negligible hardware overhead. The overall decoding complexity is approximately ten times less than that of the near-optimum block turbo decoder with coding gain loss of 0.5 dB at the BER of 10-5 over AWGN channel.
Predicted Fire Behavior and Societal Benefits in Three Eastern Sierra Nevada Vegetation Types

We investigated potential fire behavior and various societal benefits (air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, and carbon storage) provided by woodlands of pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus californica), shrublands of Great Basin sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa), and recently burned annual grasslands near a wildland-urban interface (WUI) community in the high desert of the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains. Fire behavior simulations showed that shrublands had the greatest flame lengths under low wind conditions, and that pinyon-juniper woodlands had the greatest flame lengths when winds exceeded 25 km hr−1 and fire transitioned to the crowns. Air pollution removal capacity (PM10, O3, NO2, etc.) was significantly greater in pinyon-juniper stands, followed by shrublands and grasslands. Carbon storage (trees and burned tree snags only) did not significantly differ between pinyon-juniper and burned stands (|14 000 kg ha−1), but will change as burned snags decompose. Annual C sequestration rates in pinyon-juniper stands averaged 630 kg ha−1 yr−1. A landscape-level assessment showed that total compliance with residential defensible space regulations would result in minimal impact to air pollution removal capacity and carbon sequestration due to a currently low population density. Our methodology provides a practical mechanism to assess how potential management options might simultaneously impact both fire behavior and various environmental services provided by WUI vegetation.
Is there evidence for preferential delivery of ovarian estradiol to the endometrium

Abstract Objective: To determine the direction of delivery of E 2 in the female pelvis by assessing the ratio of endometrial to serum E 2 in women whose ovaries were stimulated to produce E 2 with women who received exogenous E 2 . Design: Prospective comparative study. Setting: University-based ART program. Patient(s): Oocyte donors and recipients of donor oocytes. Intervention(s): Micronized E 2 administered by the oral or vaginal route and oocyte donation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Serum and endometrial levels of E 2 . Result(s): Serum E 2 levels were significantly higher in women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and women receiving exogenous E 2 by the vaginal route than in those who received oral E 2 . Levels of E 2 in endometrial tissue were similar in women who underwent COH and those receiving oral E 2 . Endometrial E 2 levels in women who underwent vaginal administration were significantly higher than those in the oral E 2 or COH groups. The ratio of endometrial to serum E 2 was highest in women who underwent vaginal E 2 and lowest in those undergoing COH. Conclusion(s): Vaginal administration of micronized E 2 results in preferential absorption of E 2 into the endometrium, consistent with a "uterine first pass" effect. Since endogenous E 2 produced the smallest ratio of E 2 between the endometrium and serum, E 2 produced by the ovaries is not preferentially delivered to the uterus.
Trends in Bilingual Special Education

Handicapped children who are also limited-English proficient (LEP) have generally not been served adequately in the schools. Few practitioners are trained to diagnose and treat culturally and linguistically different children. Furthermore, in school systems which have resisted bilingual programs, special education has been enlisted to carry out the ignominious task of segregating LEP children from mainstream classrooms. As a result, a curious placement pattern has occurred whereby some LEP handicapped children are underserved whereas many normals are placed in special education. The traditional reluctance on the part of special education to recruit minority professionals and its separation from regular and bilingual education have stood in the way of progress. Nevertheless, a number of teacher training institutions have received grants to institute rudimentary bilingual special education programs with courses designed to bridge these gaps. Research developments also suggest that bilingual special educatio...
Ideologies in Fact: Still and Moving‐Image Documentary in the Soviet Union, 1927–1932

This article is a comparative analysis of moving and still-image documentary produced as part of the factography movement in the USSR. Factography was an interdisciplinary movement (driven in part by contemporary linguistic work) that sought to align with the First Five-Year Plan by eliminating the opposition between signification and production, transforming the relationship between language and work. I examine Esfir Shub's The Great Way alongside a photo-essay on “a day in the life” of a Soviet working family in light of the critical responses to them in order to highlight the set of beliefs these practitioners, critics, and audiences held about the meanings these mediums convey. Because these ideas revolved so centrally around concerns about the rootedness and mobility of photographic signs, I turn to models of entextualization and develop a notion of cinematic indexicality as both trace and deixis in order to explicate the media ideologies subtending these positions.[factography, cinema, photography, entextualization, indexicality]
Oxyluminescence from polypropylene

Several polymers emit light when heated in the presence of oxygen. Experimental observations are made concerning the light from polypropylene. The portion of light detectable with a RCA-5819 photomultiplier tube is blue-violet in color. When polypropylene is at 180°C. the wavelengths of the light are between 3000 and 5150 A. The intensity of the light is determined by the temperature of the polymer, the concentration of oxygen in contact with the polymer surface, and the concentration and type of antioxidants present. For every photon of light emitted by polypropylene about 104 carbonyl groups are formed. The behavior of antioxidants in polypropylene, including concentration and synergistic effects, are illustrated by measurement of this light.
Transient Beam Loading Compensation in the Fermilab Main Ring

A requirement for bunch coalescing and bunch rotation for antiproton production in the Fermilab Main Ring is that the net rf voltages be reduced below ~1 kV. At high beam intensities, the fields generated by the beam in a single pass through the rf cavities will exceed this limit. The new compensation systemmonitors the component of the beam current at the fundamental rf frequency as a function of time. This information is then delayed by a single turn and fed back into the high level rf system to cancel the beam-induced fields. The system has compensated the beam-induced voltage generated by a single booster batch to 5% of its initial value.