cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eulerian measurements of horizontal accelerations in shoaling gravity waves

Laboratory and field measurements of suspended sediment in the nearshore suggest that fluid accelerations are an important factor in sediment transport by oscillatory waves. Here, Eulerian accelerations of the cross-shore velocity are calculated from measurements of velocity obtained by an array of bottom-mounted electromagnetic flow meters spanning a natural surf zone. Large shoreward accelerations of brief duration are associated with the steep front faces of both near-breaking and breaking waves. Weaker offshore accelerations of longer duration occur during passage of the more gently sloped rear faces. The acceleration field is thus strongly skewed in the shoreward direction. Power spectra and bispectra indicate, as expected, that statistics of the acceleration field are significantly influenced by high-frequency motions but are rather insensitive to surf beat.
Downstream coronary effects of drug-eluting stents.

Background Antiproliferative agents used in drug-eluting stents (DES) attenuate atherosclerosis, yet DES implantation has been linked to endothelial dysfunction. The downstream effects of DES on new lesion formation have not been previously directly examined. We sought to compare the development of de novo stenoses and need for treatment in the downstream coronary vessel of patients treated with DES or a bare-metal stent. Methods Angiographic images and procedural information were prospectively collected on 463 adults who underwent implantation of a single stent in a proximal coronary artery, had an appropriate control vessel for comparison, and subsequently returned for intervention. Propensity matching identified 89 pairs of patients. End points were defined as angiographic identification of a de novo stenosis or need for secondary intervention in the downstream vessel within 12 months of initial intervention. Results In the overall ( P P = .01), there was reduced risk of new lesions downstream to DES. No difference was seen in respective control vessels ( P = .14 and P = .99). A reduced need for downstream intervention with DES was seen in both the overall ( P = .01) and propensity-matched cohorts ( P = .04). No difference was seen in the control vessels ( P = .98 and P = .36). Multivariate proportional hazards modeling of known atherosclerosis risk factors identified stent type as the sole predictor for downstream lesions ( P P = .02). Conclusions Patients receiving DES appear less likely to develop downstream stenoses and events compared with patients receiving bare-metal stents, suggesting beneficial downstream drug delivery.
[Cs+(15-Crown-5)(18-Crown-6)e-]6 · (18-Crown-6): Properties of the First Mixed Crown Ether Electride

The sizes and structures of cavities and channels in the first crystalline mixed crown electride, [Cs{sup +}(18-crown-6)(15-crown-5)e{sup {minus}}]{sub 6}{center_dot}(18C6), are reported and related to its properties. The structure consists of cesium cations complexed by one each of the 18-crown-6 and 15-crown-5 complexants, which pack to leave a remarkable ring of six cavities that are presumed to be the trapping sites of the excess electrons. The sizes and shapes of the cavities and connecting channels are described in detail with the aid of a newly developed computer program. The magnetic susceptibility (corrected for the low-temperature {open_quotes}tail{close_quotes} due to defect electrons) is shown to be consistent with that expected for an antiferromagnetically coupled 6-electron ring and yields an estimate of the coupling strength, J/k, of {approximately}-410K. {sup 133}CsMAS NMR and the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility show that the electron density at the cation nucleus is an order of magnitude smaller than that of either Cs{sup +}(18-crown-6){sub 2}e{sup {minus}} or Cs{sup +}(15-crown-5){sub 2}e{sup {minus}}. The compound is moderately conductive with a lower limit of conductivity at 213 K estimated to be 2 x 10{sup {minus}3}{Omega}{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1}. The dominant conduction mechanism is probably variable range hopping of defect electrons.
Integrative systems biology: an attempt to describe a simple weed.

Genome-scale studies hold great promise for revealing novel plant biology. Because of the complexity of these techniques, numerous considerations need to be made before embarking on a study. Here we focus on the Arabidopsis model system because of the wealth of available genome-scale data. Many approaches are available that provide genome-scale information regarding the state of a given organism (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics interactomics, ionomics, phenomics, etc.). Integration of all of these types of data will be necessary for a comprehensive description of Arabidopsis. In this review we propose that ‘triangulation’ among transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics is a meaningful approach for beginning this integrative analysis and uncovering a systems level perspective of Arabidopsis biology.
Effect of red cell volume reduction on pulmonary blood flow in polycythemia of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Abstract The acute effects of red cell volume reduction (erythropheresis) on pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured in 16 patients with severe shunt-induced polycythemia. In subjects with D-transposition of the great arteries and no significant pulmonary stenosis (Group A) erythropheresis was associated with a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in pulmonary blood flow and in mixing between the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Systemic arterial saturation decreased slightly. By contrast, erythropheresis in patients with severe pulmonary stenosis or atresia and a ventricular septal defect (Group B) was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood flow and left to right shunt and an increase in right to left shunt. These alterations resulted in a significant reduction in systemic arterial oxygen saturation despite relatively little change in effective pulmonary blood flow. The acute hemodynamic effects of packed red cell transfusion in five patients with D-transposition of the great arteries, no significant pulmonary stenosis and relative anemia were more variable. The observations in patients with shunt-induced polycythemia are probably related to a reduction in blood viscosity produced by a lowering of hematocrit concentration. The reduced viscosity decreases the impedance to flow in the systemic and pulmonary circulations. When pulmonary blood flow is largely derived from the systemic circuit, erythropheresis will diminish pulmonary flow and reduce systemic oxygen saturation. If the pulmonary blood flow is largely independent of the systemic circuit (as in D-transposition of the great arteries without pulmonary stenosis), an increase in total and effective pulmonary flow occurs.
Behavior Selection Using Utility-Based Reinforcement Learning in Irregular Warfare Simulation Models

The Theory of Planned Behavior TPB provides a conceptual model for use in assessing behavioral intentions of humans. Agent based social simulations seek to represent the behavior of individuals in societies in order to understand the impact of a variety of interventions on the population in a given area. Previous work has described the implementation of the TPB in agent based social simulation using Bayesian networks. This paper describes the implementation of the TPB using novel learning techniques related to reinforcement learning. This paper provides case study results from an agent based simulation for behavior related to commodity consumption. Initial results demonstrate behavior more closely related to observable human behavior. This work contributes to the body of knowledge on adaptive learning behavior in agent based simulations.
Transient heat transfer in a silica window with phase change

Abstract A new numerical phase change model is developed here using a fixed space implicit finite difference scheme. The object of this study is to develop short time solutions for the conduction, convection, radiation and apparent phase change during high heat rate processes occurring in ceramics. It is desired to gain an understanding of the effects of each mode of heat transfer. Comparisons are made for the medium with and without latent heat. Numerous high heat rate problems utilize glasses and ceramics because of their low thermal conduction and high melting temperatures. Several papers [1–3] have included latent heat effects for glasses and ceramics; this paper shows that such effects may be negligible depending on problem parameters.
A discrete separation principle with a stochastic terminal constraint

Previous formulations [2] of the "Separation Theorem" for a stochastic linear system have excluded terminal conditions and instead used a quadratic performance index. It is shown herein for the discrete-control case that it is possible to have one (or possibly more) stochastic terminal condition, such that a linear combination of the expected terminal state conditioned on the current measurement set shall be a specified number, within certain broad restrictions. A quadratic performance index may also be specified. The calculus of variations is used to derive the necessary conditions, leading to the use of expected values of the costate, Lagrange multiplier and future control, all conditioned on the current measurement set. In a general example based on planar missile guidance, it is specified that the expected miss distance shall be zero, while the quadratic performance index weights the terminal Yd, i.e., rate of missile-target separation perpendicular to the original line-of-sight. A closed-form solution for the optimal control is found, with a term proportional to the expected, zero-effort, miss distance and a second term proportional to the expected, zero-effort, terminal Yd.
Comparative Diets of Subyearling Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Salmon River, New York

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) have established naturalized populations throughout the Great Lakes. Young-of-year of these species occur sympatrically for about one month in Lake Ontario tributaries. This study examined the diets of subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to available food in the Salmon River, New York. Terrestrial invertebrates and trichopterans were the major prey of Chinook salmon, whereas steelhead fed primarily on baetid nymphs and chironomid larvae. Diet overlap was low (0.45) between the species. The diet of Chinook was closely associated to the composition of the drift (0.88). Steelhead diet drew equally from the drift and benthos during the first year of the study, but more closely matched the benthos during the second year. Differences in prey selection, perhaps associated with differences in fish size, in addition to apparent differences in feeding mode (drift versus benthic), likely reduce competitive interactions between these species.
Financing budget deficits in the Netherlands

In The Netherlands public debt management is in the hands of the budgetary policy-maker, whose recourse to the capital market can exceed or fall short of the total borrowing requirement in order to absorb or create liquidity. The conduct of that policy since the early 1960's is analyzed in this paper, emphasizing the importance of medium-term control over the public finances as a prerequisite for the ability of debt management to make a flexible contribution to monetary policy. During the 1960's this condition was satisfied and debt management followed a stable countercyclical pattern which, however, was abandoned after the early 1970's as the public finances swung into substantial disequilibrium.
Psychophysics From A Radiologist's Point Of View

With only a handful of physicians in this large audience, I find myself in a rather pre-carious position trying to relate a complex topic to a group of scientist primarily from the physical sciences. Perhaps I can make an analogy. We spent a significant amount of time this morning elaborating on signal to noise ratio. If one looks at the spectrum of signal to noise ratio, in trying to quantitate factual information regarding the physical sciences on one hand and the biological sciences, particularly medicine, on the other, the results are rather interesting. There is no question in my mind, having spent a few years in physics, that the signal to noise ratio in the physical sciences is quite high. As one approaches the biological sciences, it diminishes significantly and as one approaches medicine it becomes quite small, particularly in fields such as psychiatry where information is extremely difficult to quantitate. The reason for this is relatively simple; in physical sciences an equation needs to be solved, an integral needs to be worked out or mathematical postulate is either proven or not proven. However, as one approaches biological systems, the number of variables, one depending on another, sometimes almost appears infinite. Therefore, to try to take some of these physical measurements, used in the day-to-day analysis of mathematical equations, etc., and use these tools and each of the variables in our biological systems sets up an extremely complex situation to solve. Therefore, for me to talk about the psychophysics from a physician-radiologist point of view is somewhat presumptuous on my part. However, our challenge in medicine today is to use the tools of the physical sciences to better quantitate these variables and it is for this reason that I appear before you today.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Testing tariff endogeneity in Japan: A comparison of pre- and post-war periods

Abstract This paper tests an endogenous tariff model for Japan (1890–1970). Using a vector autoregression (VAR), I find that tariff changes are endogenous in the post-war period. Rather than being designed to promote economic activity, this suggests that tariffs respond to macroeconomic disturbances.
Viscosities in the system albite-anorthite

Viscosities of several compositions in the albite-anorthite system (Ab80An20, Ab50An50, and Ab25An75) were measured over a wide range of temperature (800°–1600°C). The log η versus 1/T relations for all compositions show continuous curvature. In the high-temperature region (T>1200°C) the viscosity increases monotonically with increasing Ab content, but the change of viscosity with temperature increases with increasing An concentration. Hence the viscosity-temperature relations show a region of crossover, and at sufficiently low temperatures (T≲750°C) the viscosity increases with increasing An content. The predictions of models based on free volume theory and the semiempirical models of Bottinga and Weill (1972) and Shaw (1972) are in close accord with the data (within ± 0.2 in log10η in nearly all cases).
Dystroglycan and AMP kinase: polarity's protectors when the power goes out.

The AMP-stimulated protein kinase regulates epithelial polarity under conditions of energy depletion by phosphorylating the myosin regulatory light chain. In this issue of Developmental Cell , Mirouse et al. demonstrate that dystroglycan and perlecan, an extracellular matrix receptor and its ligand, help localize myosin regulatory light chain, making it available for phosphorylation by AMP kinase in response to energy stress.
Evidence for an activating factor formed during prostaglandin biosynthesis

Summary The oxygenation of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid by acetone powder preparations of sheep vesicular glands proceeded with a lag or accelerative phase when inhibitory concentrations of NaCN were present. This accelerative feature of the reaction suggested that an activating material might be produced as the oxygenation reaction proceeds. When a second addition of fresh enzyme was made to a reaction mixture, the lag phase was as short as in uninhibited controls. This indicated that an activating factor was required for optimal activity of this dioxygenase, and that it accumulated during the oxygenation reaction in the presence of NaCN. The factor was extracted from an aqueous incubation medium with cold diethyl ether. There was a positive relationship between the amount of activating factor added and the resultant increase in the initial velocity of the oxygenation system.
Effect of Dietary Mineral Supplements on Radius Breaking Strength and Egg Characteristics of Caged Layers

Abstract Six groups of 60 caged White Leghorn hens each, housed two per cage, were fed a basal corn-soy ration for eleven 28-day periods, or the basal ration supplemented with reagent grade minerals as sources of potassium or magnesium, or with single and combined supplements of two commercial sources of trace minerals, designated A and B. Source A supplied Fe, Cu, and Co with a small amount of choline. Supplement B provided Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, and I. Breaking strength of the radii in the group whose diet was supplemented with both A and B was significantly greater (P≤.01) then the other treatment groups. Shell weight, shell thickness, and percent shell were improved significantly when a combination of A plus B were present in the basal ration. Shell weight and percent shell were also improved when MgSO4 was present. No statistically significant differences were found in hen-day production, livability or feed efficiency due to treatments.
Supporting Student Self-Regulated Learning in Problem-and Project-Based Learning.

In order to be successful in problemor project-based learning (PBL), students must take responsibility for the learning process by setting goals, monitoring, reflecting, and sustaining their motivation from the beginning of the project until the end. However, for many students, these processes do not occur naturally or easily. Therefore, the learning environment and teaching practices in PBL must be designed with intention to support students’ self-regulated learning (SRL). This paper describes specific learning environment features and teaching practices that have been shown to foster student responsibility for learning in each phase of PBL, with the purpose of providing educators with guidance for developing SRL in PBL, and ultimately, student motivation and ability to learn. To accomplish this, a theoretical model of the relationship between PBL and SRL is presented, along with research-driven guidelines on how to promote student responsibility for learning in PBL.
Influence of diet palatability on maintenance feeding behavior in rats with dorsolateral tegmental damage.

Abstract Lesions in the dorsolateral tegmentum that depleted hypothalamic norepinephrine induced (a) substantial hyperphagia and weight gains in rats maintained on either high-fat or wet-mash diets, (b) moderate overeating and body weight gains in rats maintained successively on 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1% quinine high-fat diets, and (c) body weight maintenance at same-diet control levels in rats maintained successively on 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% quinine wet-mash diets. Similarities and differences of the present findings with reference to previous observations obtained from rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions are discussed.
Microwave propagation through granular superconductors

Abstract It is shown that, for frequencies less than twice the energy gap, a granular superconductor in the paracoherent state may be highly transparent to electromagnetic radiation. An effective medium theory predicts the limits of concentration and grain size for which this phenomenon may be observed.
Novelty measures as cues for temporal salience in audio similarity

Most algorithms for estimating audio similarity either completely disregard time or they treat each moment in time equally. However, many studies over the years have noted several factors that affect how much attention we give to certain sounds or parts of sounds (e.g. loudness, the attack, novelty). These findings suggest that some time segments of audio may be more salient than others when making similarity judgments. We believe that if we could estimate this information, we could improve audio similarity measures. This paper presents the results of a human subject study designed to test the hypothesis that sounds segments with high timbral change are more salient than segments with low timbral change. We then investigate whether we can use this information to improve two audio similarity measures: a "bag-of-frames" approach and a dynamic time warping approach.
Acetabular Fractures: What Radiologists Should Know and How 3D CT Can Aid Classification

Correct recognition, description, and classification of acetabular fractures is essential for efficient patient triage and treatment. Acetabular fractures may result from high-energy trauma or low-energy trauma in the elderly. The most widely used acetabular fracture classification system among radiologists and orthopedic surgeons is the system of Judet and Letournel, which includes five elementary (or elemental) and five associated fractures. The elementary fractures are anterior wall, posterior wall, anterior column, posterior column, and transverse. The associated fractures are all combinations or partial combinations of the elementary fractures and include transverse with posterior wall, T-shaped, associated both column, anterior column or wall with posterior hemitransverse, and posterior column with posterior wall. The most unique fracture is the associated both column fracture, which completely dissociates the acetabular articular surface from the sciatic buttress. Accurate categorization of acetabular fractures is challenging because of the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the pelvis, the rarity of certain acetabular fracture variants, and confusing nomenclature. Comparing a 3D image of the fractured acetabulum with a standard diagram containing the 10 Judet and Letournel categories of acetabular fracture and using a flowchart algorithm are effective ways of arriving at the correct fracture classification. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Proton transport in doped La-metaphosphate glasses☆

Abstract The electrical properties of [La(1 − x)Mx]–P3O9 metaphosphate glasses, where M is Ba, Sr, Ca, and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 were investigated in the 300–500 °C range. The protonic conductivity increases two orders of magnitude from the unsubstituted to the 60% substituted glass reaching a maximum conductivity of about 10− 5 S/cm at 450 °C. The activation energy is found to be approximately independent of concentration though dependent on the type of modifying substitutional cation, and decreases from about 1.04 eV for Ca and Sr to ∼ 0.96 eV for Ba. AC impedance measurements were used to find the DC ionic conductivities. Mean ion travel distances at the frequencies, νΖ* or νΜ*, associated with the maximum in Z″ or M″ were found to be up to 30 times larger than the average oxygen spacing in the glasses. While diffusion coefficients derived from conductivities, Dσ, were vastly lower than an uncorrelated diffusion coefficient computed from first principles, the travel distance at νZ* or νZ* derived from a simple random walk expression using DΓ, was surprisingly close to those derived from the more rigorous statistical treatments. The ratio ξ = Dσ/DΓ ≪ 1 may be interpreted as indicative of highly correlated ion motion and strongly reduced mean attempt frequencies, together with a mean activation energy for motion increased by ΔE = Eσ − EΓ over that of the uncorrelated intertetrahedral motion of an ideal crystal characterized by DΓ.
Error analysis of bowen ratios measured by differential psychrometry

Abstract The error analysis of evaporation measurements by the energy balance/Bowen ratio method, based on differential psychrometry, indicates that the contribution of wet and dry-bulb temperature measurement errors is directly proportional to the Bowen ratio. The lumped net radiation and soil heat flux density error enters the error equation as a separate term. The analysis suggests that equalizing the temperatures of the air streams reaching the wet-bulb thermometers can substantially reduce the errors.
Long-range anticorrelations and non-Gaussian behavior of the heartbeat

We find that the successive increments in the cardiac beat-to-beat intervals of healthy subjects display scale-invariant, long-range anticorrelations (up to 10 exp 4 heart beats). Furthermore, we find that the histogram for the heartbeat intervals increments is well described by a Levy (1991) stable distribution. For a group of subjects with severe heart disease, we find that the distribution is unchanged, but the long-range correlations vanish. Therefore, the different scaling behavior in health and disease must relate to the underlying dynamics of the heartbeat.
PO-0663 Review Of Birth Defects In A Community Hospital Over A 10-year Period

Background Birth defects are responsible for majority of morbidity in neonates and are detected antenatally or postnatally. Aims Our aim is to review types of birth defects that have occurred over a 10-year period in an urban community hospital. Methods Data was analysed retrospectively by reviewing documentation through EMR from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2012. Results We analysed the incidence of congenital anomalies based on race, birth weight, and antenatal detection as shown in Table 1, taking into account the system-based occurrence for any clustering of defects. During the study period, there were 24,203 live births. 2156 infants were identified with congenital anomalies, incidence rate of 8.90%; including multiple anomalies. There were a total of 2348 anomalies, including single and multiple unrelated anomalies. 16.9% were classified as major and 83.04% as minor. Conclusion Chromosomal and major structural anomalies were detected using prenatal testing, like amniocentesis and imaging studies. Despite preventive measures, counselling and termination of pregnancy where applicable, birth defects continue to occur. The recent Federal Policy on monitoring of infants by Pulse Oximetry prior discharge helps to detect ductal dependent cardiac defects and identify those missed by clinical examination, necessitating it as an additional tool.
Dissertation abstract: A status theory of collective action

The “collective action problem” describes situations where each person in a group can individually profit more by withholding contributions to group goals. However, if all act in their material self-interest no public good is produced and all are worse off. I present a new solution to the collective action problem based on status. I argue that contributions to collective action increase an individual’s status in the group because contributions create perceptions of high group motivation, defined as the relative value an individual places on group versus individual welfare. Individuals are predicted to receive a variety of social and material benefits for their contributions to the group. These rewards can help explain why individuals contribute to collective action.
Life-Cycle Assessment Comparison for Long-Span Cable and Truss Structural Systems: Case Study

AbstractThe architectural engineer has a considerable influence on the sustainability of buildings. The reduction in environmental impacts of building materials, as measured by life-cycle assessment (LCA), has recently become a focus in construction sustainability initiatives. The LCA comparisons of material alternatives in building structures, like concrete and steel, have not captured the material efficiency that the comparisons of structural system alternatives can provide. This paper compares the LCAs of two long-span structural systems, a truss system and a cable system, for the same application. Lower environmental outcomes are shown for the cable system when comparing the two systems’ LCAs. Results showed a 29% reduction in structural system mass, a 65.1% reduction in embodied energy, and a 67.2% reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when comparing the cable to the truss system.
Reaction of carboxylic acids on CeO2(111) and CeO2(100)

The reactions of HCOOH and CH3COOH on CeO2(111) and CeO2(100) were studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The carboxylic acids were found to dissociate on both surfaces to form carboxylates. Adsorbed formates and acetates decomposed near 600 K to produce primarily the dehydration products CO and CH2CO, respectively. This result is consistent with previous studies which have indicated that the ease of reduction of the oxide is the primary factor in determining the selectivity for dehydration versus dehydrogenation during carboxylate decomposition. In addition to CO and CO2, small amounts of formaldehyde were produced during formate decomposition on both CeO2(111) and CeO2(100). In contrast, acetone was observed as a product during acetate decomposition only on the CeO2(111) surface.
EFFECTS OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF REINFORCEMENT UPON RESPONSE RATE IN ACQUISITION AND EXTINCTION

This experiment investigated the effects of quality and quantity of reinforcement upon a lever-pressing response, within the context of repeated acquisition and extinction sessions. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley albino rats were subjected to a 2-by-3 experimental design which incorporated two levels of quality of reinforcement (8% and 32% sucrose pellets) and three levels of quantity of reinforcement (20, 40, or 80 pellets given in each acquisition session). Rate of responding during each acquisition session varied directly with sucrose content of the pellet, but was independent of number of reinforcements (pellets) received in each acquisition session. In extinction, total number of responses varied directly with both number of reinforcements and sucrose content of the pellet. Latency to the first lever-pressing response in both acquisition and extinction was found to be heterogeneous for all Ss and insensitive to variations in quantity and quality of reinforcement.
Lagrangian decomposition approach to scheduling large-scale refinery operations

Abstract This work focuses on the scheduling of refinery operations from crude oil processing to the blending and dispatch of finished products. A new algorithm for Lagrangian decomposition (LD) is proposed and applied to realistic large scale refinery scheduling problem to evaluate its efficiency. A novel strategy is presented to formulate restricted relaxed sub-problems based on the solution of the Lagrangian relaxed sub-problems that take into consideration the continuous process characteristic of the refinery. This new algorithm, referred to as restricted Lagrangian decomposition algorithm, the best lower bound is obtained amongst the restricted-relaxed sub-problems and relaxed sub-problems in each iteration. The goal of the decomposition is to produce better solutions for those integrated scheduling problems that cannot be solved in reasonable computation times. The application of the proposed algorithm results in substantial reduction in CPU solution time, duality gap, and the total number of iterations compared to classical LD.
The aging patient with hemophilia

The prospects for many boys born with hemophilia today include a normal life expectancy and minimal to no joint disease. However, despite the availability of safe replacement clotting factor concentrates and effective antiviral treatment, the aging patient with hemophilia today faces many challenges. These include management of their hemophilia as well as the same age-related health issues as experienced in the general population. While increasing, data on the prevalence of comorbidities and their management in the hemophilia population remain limited. This review will focus on issues related to management of hemophilia and complications of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hepatic, and renal disease. Available research is summarized and potential approaches to management are discussed.
The diversity of acetylated proteins

Acetylation of proteins, either on various amino-terminal residues or on the e-amino group of lysine residues, is catalyzed by a wide range of acetyltransferases. Amino-terminal acetylation occurs on the bulk of eukaryotic proteins and on regulatory peptides, whereas lysine acetylation occurs at different positions on a variety of proteins, including histones, transcription factors, nuclear import factors, and α-tubulin.
Acetylcysteine for treatment of autism spectrum disorder symptoms

Purpose Successful use of acetylcysteine to control irritability and aggressive behaviors in a hospitalized adolescent patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is described. Summary A 17-year-old Hispanic male with ASD and intellectual disability was hospitalized for inpatient psychiatric treatment due to impulsive and violent behavior. Despite receiving various medications in the initial weeks of hospitalization, including intramuscular lorazepam and diphenhydramine injections (four days a week on average), the patient continued to exhibit aggressive and unpredictable behaviors. Treatment with 20% acetylcysteine oral solution was initiated at a dosage of 600 mg twice daily as an adjunct to quetiapine therapy. Over the next six weeks, reductions in the patient’s aggressive behavior, tantrums, and irritability were noted. The use of as-needed medications to control aggression was decreased, and the dosage of quetiapine was lowered from 700 to 400 mg daily over the course of the hospitalization. Acetylcysteine was well tolerated, with no observed or reported adverse effects. Unlike clonidine or guanfacine (other medications used for ASD-related behavioral symptoms), acetylcysteine is not sedating; moreover, it lacks the metabolic, extrapyramidal, and endocrine adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics. Published data from small controlled trials and case reports suggest that acetylcysteine use is associated with improvements in irritability and aggression in prepubertal children with ASD; these therapeutic benefits may be associated with acetylcysteine’s glutamatergic, dopaminergic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusion Treatment with acetylcysteine improved ASD symptoms, including irritability and aggression, in a teenage patient.
Age-Related Changes in Cardiac Norepinephrine Release: Role of Calcium Movement

The purpose of this study was to determine if the age-related decrease in norepinephrine (NE) release from cardiac adrenergic nerve terminals is due to a defect in Ca2+ movement into the nerve terminal or to an alteration in Ca2+ activation of intracellular events leading to NE release. NE release was assessed in cardiac synaptosomes prepared from 6- and 24-month-old male F344 rats. K(+)-induced NE release was significantly greater in young vs old rats. Raising extracellular [Ca2+] increased NE release, but NE release always remained higher in the younger animals. Ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore, induced NE release from cardiac synaptosomes, and there was no age difference in the response. The age-related reduction in NE release induced by K+ and the capacity of ionomycin to induce similar NE release in young and old cardiac synaptosomes points to a reduction in Ca2+ movement during depolarization.
Distal-less and dachshund pattern both plesiomorphic and apomorphic structures in chelicerates: RNA interference in the harvestman Phalangium opilio (Opiliones).

SUMMARY The discovery of genetic mechanisms that can transform a morphological structure from a plesiomorphic (¼primitive) state to an apomorphic (¼derived) one is a cardinal objective of evolutionary developmental biology. However, this objective is often impeded for many lineages of interest by limitations in taxonomic sampling, genomic resources, or functional genetic methods. In order to investigate the evolution of appendage morphology within Chelicerata, the putative sister group of the remaining arthropods, we developed an RNA interference (RNAi) protocol for the harvestmanPhalangiumopilio.Wesilencedtheleggapgenes Distal‐less (Dll) and dachshund (dac) in the harvestman via zygotic injections of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), and used in situ hybridization to confirm RNAi efficacy. Consistent with the conserved roles of these genes in patterning the proximo‐ distal axis of arthropod appendages, we observed that embryos injected with Dll dsRNA lacked distal parts of appendages and appendage‐like structures, such as the labrum, the chelicerae, the pedipalps, and the walking legs, whereas embryos injected with dac dsRNA lacked the medial podomeres femur and patella in the pedipalps and walking legs. In addition, we detected a role for these genes in patterning structures that do not occur in well‐established chelicerate models (spiders and mites). Dll RNAi additionally results in loss of the preoral chamber, which is formed from pedipalpal and leg coxapophyses, and the ocularium, a dorsal outgrowth bearing the eyes. In one case, we observed that an embryo injected with dac dsRNA lacked the proximal segment of the chelicera, a plesiomorphic podomere that expresses dac in wild‐type embryos. This may support the hypothesis thatlossofthecheliceraldacdomainunderliesthetransitionto the two‐segmented chelicera of derived arachnids.
Clinical Pearls: Winning Photograph from the SAEM Conference 2002

History of Present Illness. A previously healthy 19year-old man reported a sore on his face. Two weeks earlier, he noted a small bump on his right cheek. Over the next several days, the bump grew larger, became filled with fluid, and eventually ruptured. A scab then formed over the sore. During this time, the patient also developed a low-grade fever and swelling of the right face and neck. He is a shepherd living in Namibia.
Your Guide to Authenticating Mobile Devices

New information technology (IT) mobile devices—such as the iPhone and iPad—are increasingly emerging in the consumer market first. Then, they spread to the workplace. But this is creating major privacy and security headaches for corporate executives. Surveys show that IT groups significantly underestimate—by as much as 50%—how many employees use their own mobile devices for work purposes. So what is to be done? The authors take an in-depth look at one vitally important security measure: user authentication. Companies need to go beyond just using passwords if they want to stay safe and secure. This article shows you how. It includes step-by-step instructions and a series of valuable checklists. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Memories with Enhanced Data Access

Dynamic memories are commonly constructed as circulating shift registers, and thus have access times that are proportional to the size of memory. When each word in a dynamic memory is connected to r words, r ? 2, access time can be proportional to the base r logarithm of the size of memory. A memory that achieves minimum access time for r = 2 is described. The memory can also be operated in an efficient binary search mode. Slight variations of the interconnection patterns lead to a memory that is well suited for FFT and certain matrix computations.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57 Protein Enhances mRNA Accumulation Independently of Effects on Nuclear RNA Export

The ORF57 protein expressed by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) during lytic replication is essential for KSHV virion production. ORF57 enhances gene expression by increasing accumulation of target gene mRNAs. ORF57 interacts with the cellular export factor REF and with RNA, suggesting that it may provide target mRNAs with access to REF, which mediates nuclear RNA export by binding to TAP/NXF1. A mutational analysis of ORF57 was performed to study the role of REF binding, RNA interaction, and multimerization in ORF57 function. ORF57 was shown to directly bind RNA. The ability to bind REF did not correlate with ORF57 function in enhancing mRNA accumulation. ORF57 enhanced the nuclear levels of mRNA and PAN, a nuclear KSHV RNA, and the activity of various ORF57 mutants on the levels of mRNA paralleled their ability to enhance nuclear PAN accumulation, suggesting that ORF57 may also act on messenger RNAs by export-independent effects on RNA stability. Finally, an ORF57 mutant lacking a region homologous to a nucleolar localization signal in herpesvirus saimiri was constructed. This mutant retained function, demonstrating that, unlike the ORF57 homolog in herpesvirus saimiri, nucleolar trafficking is not required for ORF57 function in enhancing mRNA accumulation.
The use of pulse oximetry to exclude pneumonia in children

The objective of this study was to determine whether pulse oximetry alone or in conjunction with the clinical examination is predictive of pneumonia in children who present to the emergency department with respiratory complaints. A retrospective comparison of children with radiographic pneumonia with children with respiratory complaints and negative chest radiography was used. The study took place in an emergency department of a large academic, tertiary care hospital. All children less than 24 months of age who presented with a respiratory complaint and underwent chest radiography during a 1-year period were included. Charts of children with radiographic pneumonia were compared with charts of children without pneumonia, retrospectively. Data abstracted onto data collection forms included: pulse oximetry measurement, vital signs, general appearance, lung examination, and final radiology interpretation of chest radiographs. Pneumonia was defined as a chest radiograph showing any opacity consistent with pneumonia as read by a board-prepared or -certified radiologist. A total of 803 children qualified for the study. Radiograph interpretations were available for 762, and 10.5% were found to have radiographic pneumonia. The median pulse oximetry reading of children with radiographic pneumonia was 97% (interquartile range 95th-98th percentile) compared with 98% (interquartile range 96th-99th percentile) in the control group. Forty-five percent (35 of 78) of the children with radiographic pneumonia showed oxygen saturations of 98% or higher with greater than 10% (8 of 78) displaying oxygen saturations of 100%. By using logistic regression, pulse oximetry was not found to be a statistically significant predictive variable for radiographic pneumonia. Pulse oximetry could not be used to rule out the presence of radiographic pneumonia in children less than 2 years of age who presented with respiratory complaints.
Ten-year screening for thrombocytopenia after aortic valve replacement

OBJECTIVES: Thrombocytopenia is very common after cardiac surgery, but rarely studied systematically. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia has been studied extensively, but the diagnosis remains clouded by the lack of sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests. It remains unknown whether a local initiative of screening program has been successful in the management of postoperative thrombocytopenia. METHODS: We have implemented a screening protocol since 2002. Cardiac surgery patients were postoperatively screened for thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was stratified by the anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibody (enzyme-immune assay, Elisa) test. The presence of clinical embolithrombosis was sought in patients with antibodies. Preoperative and operative characteristics and outcomes were obtained from the departmental registry of cardiac surgical procedures. RESULTS: A total of 16 529 patients were screened for thrombocytopenia from January 2003 to 2012. One thousand two hundred and sixty-one patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) were included in this study. The overall incidence of thrombocytopenia after AVR was 26.8%. Elisa (+) occurred in 43 of the 1261 patients (3.4%), Elisa (+) plus thrombosis occurred in 14 (1.1%) and in 32.6% of Elisa (+) patients. Age and preoperative lower platelet count were independent predictors of thrombocytopenia. Elisa (+) alone was associated with increased operative mortality, stroke and bleeding. Patients developed thrombocytopenia and Elisa (+) were more likely to receive bioprosthetic valves.
Effect of SrCO3 Additive on CuZnAl/HZSM-5 Catalyst Property for the Direct DME Synthesis

SrCO3 was formed and added as a carrier into copper-based catalyst (CuZnAl catalyst) prepared by hydrothermal method before the catalyst incorporates with HZSM-5. The CuZnAlSr catalyst was characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, IR, and activity-evaluation system in a fixed-bed tubular reactor equipped with chromatograph (GC). The conversion of CO2 reaches 30.30 %, and the overall yield of methanol and dimethyl ether is 27.80 %. Catalytic property as to CO2 conversion has only slight decrease even up to 150 h of reaction time. The addition of SrCO3 enhanced the activity of the catalyst through providing a tridimensional frame and electron transfer bridge.
Putative Nuclear Triiodothyronine Receptors in Tadpole Erythrocytes during Metamorphic Climax

The characteristics of the nuclear T3 receptors present in red blood cells (RBCs) of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles undergoing metamorphic climax have been investigated with a T3 saturation technique. Because there were significant amounts of receptor-bound endogenous hormone, prolonged incubation in vitro (48 h at 21 C) was necessary to achieve binding equilibrium. Receptor number, which averaged 783 ± 35 (±se) sites/nucleus during early prometamorphosis (stages XIV–XVI), increased rapidly during the subsequent stages of this phase. By stage XIX, receptor number had reached a maximum of 2464 ± 152. During climax, receptor number decreased steadily, and by stage XXV, it was lower than that observed during premetamorphosis (stages V–X). This decrease was attributed to the replacement of larval RBCs, which have a high receptor content, by adult RBCs, which possess significantly fewer sites per nucleus. At midclimax, adult and larval RBCs were separated on a Renografin continuous density gradient. Adult cells con...
Structure of the RNA Polymerase Assembly Factor Crl and Identification of Its Interaction Surface with Sigma S

Bacteria utilize multiple sigma factors that associate with core RNA polymerase (RNAP) to control transcription in response to changes in environmental conditions. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, Crl positively regulates the σS regulon by binding to σS to promote its association with core RNAP. We recently characterized the determinants in σS responsible for specific binding to Crl. However, little is known about the determinants in Crl required for this interaction. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of a Crl homolog from Proteus mirabilis in conjunction with in vivo and in vitro approaches that probe the Crl-σS interaction in E. coli. We show that the P. mirabilis, Vibrio harveyi, and E. coli Crl homologs function similarly in E. coli, indicating that Crl structure and function are likely conserved throughout gammaproteobacteria. We utilize phylogenetic conservation and bacterial two-hybrid analyses to predict residues in Crl important for the interaction with σS. The results of p-benzoylphenylalanine (BPA)-mediated UV cross-linking studies further support the model in which an evolutionarily conserved central cleft is the surface on Crl that binds to σS. Within this conserved binding surface, we identify a key residue in Crl that is critical for activation of EσS-dependent transcription in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides a physical basis for understanding the σS-Crl interaction.
The efficacy of oral celecoxib for acute postoperative pain in face-lift surgery.

ImportanceExploring methods of potentially improving patient comfort and pain control in cosmetic facial surgery. ObjectiveTo examine the effects of celecoxib in reducing pain and possible opioid c...