cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stop and go GABA.

A recent study shows that GABA switches from stimulating to inhibiting interneuron motility during neocortical development. This change in response is gated by the expression of the chloride transporter KCC2.
Synaptotagmin III/VII Isoforms Mediate Ca2+-induced Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

Synaptotagmins (Syt) play important roles in Ca(2+)-induced neuroexocytosis. Insulin secretion of the pancreatic beta-cell is dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca(2+); however, Syt involvement in insulin exocytosis is poorly understood. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies showed the presence of Syt isoforms III, IV, V, and VII in rat pancreatic islets, whereas Syt isoforms I, II, III, IV, V, VII, and VIII were present in insulin-secreting betaTC3 cell. Syt III and VII proteins were identified in rat islets and betaTC3 and RINm5F beta-cells by immunoblotting. Confocal microscopy showed that Syt III and VII co-localized with insulin-containing secretory granules. Two-fold overexpression of Syt III in RINm5F beta-cell (Syt III cell) was achieved by stable transfection, which conferred greater Ca(2+) sensitivity for exocytosis, and resulted in increased insulin secretion. Glyceraldehyde + carbachol-induced insulin secretion in Syt III cells was 2.5-fold higher than control empty vector cells, whereas potassium-induced secretion was 6-fold higher. In permeabilized Syt III cells, Ca(2+)-induced and mastoparan-induced insulin secretion was also increased. In Syt VII-overexpressing RINm5F beta-cells, there was amplification of carbachol-induced insulin secretion in intact cells and of Ca(2+)-induced and mastoparan-induced insulin secretion in permeabilized cells. In conclusion, Syt III/VII are located in insulin-containing secretory granules, and we suggest that Syt III/VII may be the Ca(2+) sensor or one of the Ca(2+) sensors for insulin exocytosis of the beta-cell.
Bayesianism, analogy, and hume's: Dialogues concerning natural religion

Analyses of the argument from design in Hume's Dialogues concerning Natural Religion have generally treated that argument as an example of reasoning by analogy.1 In this paper I examine whether it is in accord with Hume's thinking about the argument to subsume the version of it given in the Dialogues under the model of probabilistic reasoning offered by Bayes's theorem. Wesley Salmon attempted this project in 1978.2 In related projects, David Owen3 as well as Philip Dawid and Donald Gillies4 have more recently attempted to construct Bayesian analyses of Hume's argument concerning testimony in "Of Miracles."
Identifying and addressing safety signals in clinical trials

Interventions for the prevention or treatment of disease that are based on our understanding of the pathobiologic features of the illness can provide benefit in how a patient feels or functions or in whether the patient survives. Such benefits are generally achieved through on-target biologic effects of the intervention. However, there are numerous recent cases in which it has been established or strongly suggested that off-target effects of such interventions have adversely altered their risk–benefit profile. For example, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors provide an analgesic benefit with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal side . . .
Hot electron effects in single-injection SCL diodes

Abstract General expressions are derived for the characteristic and the noise temperature Tn of single injection SCL diodes operating in the hot electron regime. They are evaluated for the cases μ n μ 0 = 1 2 + 1 4 + E 2 E 2 0 1 2 − 1 2 ; T e T 0 = 1 2 + 1 4 + E 2 E 2 0 1 2 and μ n μ 0 = 1 2 + 1 4 + E 2 E 2 0 1 2 − 1 2 T e T 0 =1+ 1 4 + E 2 E 2 0 . The first gives considerable disagreement with the Bougalis and van der Ziel data, whereas the second gives good agreement.
On a Family of Filters Arising in Wavelet Construction

Abstract Wavelet reconstruction almost always reduces to the study of certain algebraic identities for polynomials. Typically, one polynomial is chosen and another is found which satisfies an identity appropriate for the desired wavelet construction. In this paper we explore one such equation and give applications of it to wavelet construction. The specific equation we study here comes to us from our recent work on iterative interpolation by exponentials. Through this equation we strive to unify several related questions concerning wavelet construction and provide in each case considered estimates for the decay of the Fourier transform of both the refinable functions and corresponding wavelets.
Stationary axisymmetric electromagnetic fields around a rotating black hole

The form of stationary electromagnetic fields which are axisymmetric around a rotating black hole is derived, using Teukolsky's perturbation equation. The field of a circular equatorial charged current loop around the black hole is obtained, and it is shown that in a minimum-energy configuration the black hole and the current loop contain an equal but opposite net charge. The value of this equilibrium net charge is calculated.
Parent Modeling: Perceptions of Parents’ Physical Activity Predict Girls’ Activity throughout Adolescence

Objectives To determine whether parent modeling of physical activity (PA) has a differential impact on girls' PA by race, whether the association declines with time, and to assess the contribution of parent modeling to girls' activity relative to other potential predictors. Study design Longitudinal examination of parent modeling's impact on future log transformed metabolic equivalents (log METs) of leisure-time PA in 1213 African-American and 1166 Caucasian girls in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, from age 9 to 10 years through 18 to 19 years, using linear regression. Race interaction terms and time trends were examined. Results Girls' perceptions of parent modeling significantly predicted future log METs in each study year; associations remained stable with time and were similar by race. Girls' perception of parent PA better predicted girl log METs than did parent self-report. On average, girls reporting that their parents exercised ≥3x/week were about 50% more active than girls with sedentary parents. Conclusions Girls' perception of parent activity predicts PA for girls throughout adolescence, despite age-associated decreases in PA. We did not find differences in this association by race. Interventions designed to increase parental activity may improve parent health, positively influence daughters' activity, and begin to address disparities in cardiovascular health.
Attentional allocation processes in individuals at risk for depression

Cognitive models of depression typically emphasize cognitive schemas as important variables in the depression process. To date, evidence of these schemas is difficult to detect in remitted depressed individuals unless they have specifically been activated by factors such as negative moods. The present study tested one aspect of schema activation, attentional allocation, in individuals who had previously experienced a major depressive episode. Using a dichotic listening task to assess attention to negative and positive stimuli, results indicated no differences in non-mood-primed subjects. For subjects who had been primed by a negative mood induction, formerly depressed individuals evidenced greater error rates for both negative and positive stimuli, while never-depressed subjects evidenced decreased error rates for negative and positive stimuli. These results appear to suggest a schema activation process that is emotionally diffuse but unique to individuals at risk for depression.
Comments on the Radiative Decay Width of the ρ

Measurement of the radiative decay width GAMMA (rho/sup -/..--> pi../sup -/+..gamma..) =35 +- 10 keV appears anomalously low when compared with the basic unbroken SU(3) -symmetry theoretical prediction. Further comments concerning the method of analyses and results are provided in hope of removing recent confusion. The analysis provides the phase of the transition as well as the amplitude, and a plea is made for theoretical effort on this phase. (AIP)
Ultrastructural localization of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) and cathepsin B in villi of early placenta of the macaque

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) is found in maternal serum very early in gestation in both human and non-human primates. As judged by light microscopic immunocytochemistry, the major source of SP1 is the syncytial trophoblast, but little is known of the subcellular localization of SP1 indicative of the cellular pathway involved in secretion of the hormone. To study subcellular distribution of SP1, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry carried out on macaque placental villi from early (3-4 weeks) gestation. Both light and electron microscopic results confirmed localization confined to syncytial trophoblast in the villi. Within syncytial trophoblast labeling was predominantly over small granules in the apical cytoplasm. The Golgi complex also showed labeling, and light labeling was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. For comparison, we also localized cathepsin B, a lysosomal protease. By way of contrast this enzyme was localized primarily in large cytoplasmic granules. The results are consistent with a secretory pathway including synthesis in the ER, processing by the Golgi complex, and exocytotic release into maternal blood in the intervillous space.
Influence of temperature gradients on the measurement accuracy of IR imaging systems

Implementing a new experimental aerodynamic technique, a long electrically heated wire was placed across flows with general velocity distributions (wakes, jets). By measuring the temperature distribution along the wire with an IR camera, the flow behavior was identified. Furthermore, it is suggested that by using Nusselt number correlations, the velocity distributions can be deduced. Comparing the results with predictions based on heat transfer correlations, it was found that the IR camera cannot accurately track high gradient temperature fields. A correction procedure is outlined to account for the errors found in the measured results.
The angoff cutoff score method : the impact of frame-of-reference rater training

One of the most preferred and widely used methods for generating cutoff scores in content-related validity situations is the Angoff procedure. This procedure, however, typically displays low inter-rater reliability. Very little is known about the accuracy of the cutoff scores. The present study compares the effect of two frame-of-reference rater training approaches on the reliability and accuracy of cutoff scores generated by the Angoff procedure. Results indicate that both frame-of-reference rater training strategies resulted in significantly higher levels of interrater reliability and more accurate decisions than a non-frame-of-reference condition.
A protocol-based simulation for linking computational and experimental studies

Abstract An integrated approach has been developed to facilitate the coupling of computational and empirical neuroscience by employing methodologies of simulation and experimental studies to provide a common language for these two disciplines to communicate. The core of the simulation tools (EONS, Elementary Objects of Neural Systems) is an object-oriented library comprising of neural models, from networks, neurons, synapses, down to molecules in a hierarchical structure. A protocol-based scheme is adopted by both the simulation and the neurobiological database which stores the information about the experiments to provide the linkage.
Subjective expected utility and the prediction of birth-planning decisions

This article is a companion to an earlier one which detailed the logic development and preliminary testing of a decision aid for birth planning. In brief the scheme consists of a hierarchical organized set of value categories related to having a child to which the decision maker assigns weights to indicate the relative utility of that category to him or her. Following that the decision maker assigns subjective probabilities to the categories to indicate how likely it is that these values would be fulfilled if a positive decision were made about having another child (or first child) in the next 2 years. The hierarchy breaks down into 3 main value-types: values centered on self and spouse (personal identity parenthood and well-being of family); values centered on childen (family characteristics health and well-being of children); and values centered on significant others (family friends and society). Married couples with variously sized families completed the birth-planning hierarchy outlined above. Predictions were made about a child-bearing decision in the next 2 years. Results showed that a subjective expected utility model predicted best (73% correct) for those couples who had not yet attained desired family size. Errors in prediction were not random and the reasons for false positives (couples predicting another child but not having one) are explored including the fact that the hierarchy does not capture the inherent ambivalence of couples; this concept of assenting on a questionnaire vs. real indecision on family continuation is discussed in terms of a decision threshold theory.
The Overdosage and/or Poisoning Information Gap

The availability of poisoning information from the pharmaceutical industry was evaluated. Manufacturers of the top 50 drugs were surveyed. Information that was received was classified by established criteria for evaluation. Compendia on poisoning information was evaluated based on 11 components ranging from toxicity information to information available in the PDR. Additional information on emergency telephone numbers for after-hours service was accumulated. The results showed that much of the information available is incomplete and/or outdated. A concerted effort to establish a central source for manufacturers' poison information needs to be begun. Language: en
The effect of pH on the interaction of serum albumin with hyaluronic acid

Abstract The formation of soluble complexes of hyaluronic acid and bovine serum albumin under conditions and Tiselius electrophoresis was studied in four different buffer solutions at three different hydrogen-ion concentrations. The appearance of a third boundary (Pi complex) having a mobility intermediate between that of albumin and hyaluronic acid was observed in barbital (Veronal) buffer at pH 8.6, borate buffer at pH 8.5, and phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Pi-complex formation was not observed in acetate buffer, either at pH 7.1 or 5.3. The mobilities of the boundaries observed when each component was analyzed separately, compared with those observed in patterns obtained on solutions that contained both components, suggested formation of a complex in acetate buffer also. The data suggest that complex-formation which occurs at high pH and which results in the appearance of a third electrophoretic boundary may represent a type of binding different from that which occurs at lower pH; the latter is probably due to electrostatic binding.
Absence of avarian compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy during the anestrous season in the ewe.

SummaryUnilateral ovariectomy was performed on ewes during the anestrous season and the effect was determined on the remaining ovary during that anestrus and during the following breeding season. Experiments were performed in both 1968 and 1969. In Expt. 1, observations at laparotomy on control and unilaterally ovariectomized ewes were made at 15 days, and 40-45 days after original surgery. No significant differences were noticed in the number of follicles above 5 mm in diameter/ovary or in their calculated total surface area. However, when these same animals were killed at the third heat period of the breeding season, the unilaterally ovariectomized ewes showed a significantly greater number and total surface area of follicles above 5 mm in diameter, a greater number of ovulations, and greater total follicular fluid weight per ovary.In Expt. 2, ewes were killed during anestrus at 10 and 30 days after experimental surgery. No significant differences in individual ovaries were noted for number of follicles...
$\hbox{1}/f$ Noise in 45-nm RESET-State Phase-Change Memory Devices: Characterization, Impact on Memory Readout Operation, and Scaling Perspectives

In this letter, we study the low-frequency noise behavior of RESET-state Phase-Change Memory (PCM) devices belonging to a 45-nm technology node. Furthermore, by dealing with a typical case study, we calculate the fluctuation of the cell readout current induced by 1/f noise and provide predictions for estimating its effect in RESET-state PCM of future technology nodes.
Inventories and characteristics of Transuranic waste

This report summarizes the available data on inventories and characteristics of transuranic (TRU) waste that is generated in defense and research activities regulated by the U.S. Department of Energy. The volumes of three separate categories, namely, newly generated waste, stored waste, and buried waste are reported. The data found in this report were tabulated from the most recent records of the individual sites. Characteristics presented include types of containers used, waste forms, and transuranic content.
Neurocognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder

Neuropsychological processes may have direct bearing on the emotional dysregulation and functional impairments characteristic of bipolar disorder. Neuropsychological deficits that have been identified in adults and children with bipolar disorder include impairments in executive functions, declarative memory, attentional processes, and possibly working memory. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of adults and children with bipolar disorder also indicate abnormalities in regions thought to underlie these neuropsychological deficits, including the basal ganglia, amygdala, and dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate cortices. Study of this area is made challenging by the heterogeneity of bipolar disorder, the heterogeneity of neuropsychological deficits among groups of patients with different clinical characteristics, the lack of specificity of neurocognitive deficits for bipolar disorder, and difficulty ascertaining whether deficits are inherent in the disorder, predate the disorder, or are influenced by mood state, course, treatment, and comorbidity with other disorders. In this review, we integrate the literature on neuropsychological functioning and neuroimaging in both children and adults with bipolar disorder, propose a nascent integrative model of cognitive function in bipolar disorder, and make suggestions for future studies and model development.
Experts, amateurs, and refrigerators: Comparing expert and amateur negotiators in a novel task

Abstract Recently a controversy has arisen among behavioral decision theory researchers concerning the generalizability of research based upon student subject samples to the behavior of expert decision makers. This study compared the influence of framing and performance constraints (goals or limits) on the ability of expert and amateur negotiators to reach integrative agreements in a negotiation task novel to both. The results suggested that while experts did outperform amateurs on comparable competitive market simulations, the patterns of their performance as influenced by framing and performance constraints were consistent.
Effect of polydopamine deposition conditions on fouling resistance, physical properties, and permeation properties of reverse osmosis membranes in oil/water separation

Abstract A commercial polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was surface-modified with polydopamine deposited from buffered, aqueous dopamine solution at ambient conditions. The influence of various modification conditions (i.e., dopamine solution concentration, polydopamine deposition time, and initial pH of Tris–HCl buffer) on pure water flux, flux during filtration of an oil/water emulsion, and NaCl rejection was investigated. Dead-end filtration results showed decreased pure water flux with increasing dopamine solution concentration and polydopamine deposition time. Membranes modified at a pH of 5 exhibited no change in pure water flux or flux during fouling experiments compared to the native membranes, suggesting that polydopamine was not deposited under such acidic coating conditions. All polydopamine-modified membranes, except those coated at a pH of 5, had higher fluxes when filtering an oil/water emulsion than that of unmodified membranes. NaCl rejection values in all membranes were within the manufacturer's specification. The increased flux when filtering an oil/water emulsion was not sensitive to dopamine concentration, coating time greater than 60 min, or alkaline buffer pH value. Short deposition times slightly reduced the fouling resistance of coated membranes, and membranes modified at acidic pH values showed no improvement in fouling.
Tyrosine Dephosphorylation and Deactivation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 by Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B POSSIBLE FACILITATION BY THE FORMATION OF A TERNARY COMPLEX WITH THE GRB2 ADAPTOR PROTEIN

Regulation of the steady-state tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and its postreceptor substrates are essential determinants of insulin signal transduction. However, little is known regarding the molecular interactions that influence the balance of these processes, especially the phosphorylation state of postinsulin receptor substrates, such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). The specific activity of four candidate protein-tyrosine phosphatases (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), SH2 domain-containing PTPase-2 (SHP-2), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR), and leukocyte antigen-related phosphatase) (LRP) toward IRS-1 dephosphorylation was studied using recombinant proteins in vitro. PTP1B exhibited the highest specific activity (percentage dephosphorylated per μg per min), and the enzyme activities varied over a range of 5.5 × 103. When evaluated as a ratio of activity versus IRS-1 to that versus p-nitrophenyl phosphate, PTP1B remained significantly more active by 3.1–293-fold, respectively. Overlay blots with recombinant Src homology 2 domains of IRS-1 adaptor proteins showed that the loss of IRS-1 binding of Crk, GRB2, SHP-2, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase paralleled the rate of overall IRS-1 dephosphorylation. Further studies revealed that the adaptor protein GRB2 strongly promoted the formation of a stable protein complex between tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 and catalytically inactive PTP1B, increasing their co-immunoprecipitation from an equimolar solution by 13.5 ± 3.3-fold (n = 7; p
Critical current of a one-dimensional superconductor.

We solve the Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations for a clean, one-dimensional superconductor in the presence of superfluid flow. The maximum electrical current occurs when the superfluid velocity ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{s}}$ equals the Landau depairing velocity \ensuremath{\Delta}/${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{F}}$, where \ensuremath{\Delta} is the pairing potential of the superconductor and ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{F}}$ is the Fermi momentum. The resulting critical current is approximately 2/\ensuremath{\pi} times smaller than the value e\ensuremath{\Delta}/\ensuremath{\Elzxh} recently predicted for a superconducting point contact. The ``discretized'' critical current of (2/\ensuremath{\pi})(e\ensuremath{\Delta}/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}) arises when all the conducting electrons are forced to drift at the Landau depairing velocity.
Monoglyceride and diglyceride lipases from human platelet microsomes

In the present study, we have characterized the properties of both diglyceride lipase (lipoprotein lipase, EC 3.1.1.24) and monoglyceride lipases (acylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.23) in an attempt to assess the potential roles of these two enzymes in the release of arachidonate in activated human platelets. Diglyceride lipase exhibited maximal activity at pH 3.5, whereas monoglyceride lipase showed optimal activity at pH 7.0. Neither of the lipases were inhibited by EDTA or stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+. Both enzymes, however, were strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and Cu2+, indicating the involvement of sulfhydryl groups in catalytic activity. This suggestion was further supported by their sensitivity toward sulfhydryl inhibitors, with monoglyceride lipase being more susceptible to inhibition. Both lipases were found to be inhibited to a different degree by a variety of antiplatelet drugs blocking aggregation and arachidonate release. Kinetic studies indicated that dichotomous metabolism of diacylglycerol to monoacylglycerol and to phosphatidic acid could occur concurrently, since the apparent Km values for diglyceride lipase and for diglyceride kinase were comparable. Further studies showed that the specific activity of monoglyceride lipase was at least 100-fold higher than that of diglyceride lipase, indicating that the rate-limiting step in the release of arachidonate was the reaction catalyzed by diglyceride lipase.
On the pitman closeness of some sequential estimators

For a general class of stopping rules, the inter-relationship of median unbiasedness and the Pitman closeness of (sequential) estimators is examined thoroughly. It is also shown that in the light of the Pitman closeness, sequential shrinkage estimators of the multinormal mean (vector) dominate the classical (sequential) maximum likelihood estimator.
Studies on the heterogeneity of the soluble chloroplast coupling factor 1: The formation of ε-deficient isozymes

Release of the chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) from thylakoid membranes by chloroform yields a heterogeneous population of isozymes. Following solubilization, subtle changes in the isozyme distribution occur. In particular, the percentage of e-deficient isozymes increases. Five parameters were evaluated for their role in the distribution of isozymes and net enzyme yield, (i) Extraction of spinach thylakoid membranes yields a five-subunit holoenzyme and derivative isozymes whereas Chlamydomonas reinhardtii membranes yield isozymes lacking a δ-subunit. (ii) Supplementing extraction buffers with MgCl2 or CaCl2 dramatically suppresses the release of total CF1, but does not appear to affect the distribution of isozymes. (iii) Loss of CF 1by non-specific protein denaturation becomes detectable 24–48 h after enzyme solubilization. Analysis of CF1 samples stored at room temperature for extended periods (up to 2 months) shows that the loss of solubility is uniform for the isozyme complex, rather than selective for agiven subunit. (iv) Proteolysis does not significantly affect the distribution of the e-subunit either before or after enzyme solubilization. (v) Dithiothreitol greatly enhances the formation of e-deficient isozymes from e-containing isozymes in both species studied and appears to account for the subtle changes observed following CF1 solubilization.
Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine versus hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension

Abstract The acute hemodynamic effects of both sublingual nifedipine (N) and intravenous hydralazine (Hy) were studied in 5 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension to ascertain whether the capacity for pulmonary vasodilatation was generalized or drug-specific, and to determine which of the 2 agents had preferential pulmonary vasodilatory effects. For the group as a whole, neither N nor Hy produced changes in heart rate, mean pulmonary capillary wedge or right atrial pressures. Both N and Hy reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (before N 90 ± 8 mm Hg, after N 76 ± 7 mm Hg, p −5 , after N 1,192 ± 430 dynes s cm −5 , p −5 , after Hy 957 ± 285 dynes s cm −5 , p −5 , after N 680 ± 450 dynes s cm −5 , NS; before Hy 945 ± 454 dynes s cm −5 , after Hy 715 ± 309 dynes s cm −5 , NS), 4 of 5 patients had a decrease in PAP after N and 1 had no change, and only 1 of 5 patients had a decreased PAP after Hy administration. Moreover, compared with the changes after Hy administration, PAP declined after N administration (δPAP after Hy 0.2 ± 9 mm Hg, after N −7 ± 9 mm Hg, p
Harmonal Control of Mammogenesis and Onset of Lactation in Cows–A Review

Abstract Estrogen stimulates development of mammary ducts, and progesterone and estrogen stimulate proliferation of secretory tissues. In vivo, sequential addition of insulin (step 1), glucocorticoid (step 2), and prolactin (step 3) leads to biosynthesis of casein and lactose. In cows, mammogenesis continues until termination of pregnancy and overlaps onset of lactation. Progesterone probably inhibits differentiation of secretory cells at step 2 or step 3. Sensitivity of individual cells to progestational inhibition may decrease variably which may be interdependent upon relative increases in estrogen, prolactin, corticoids, and growth hormone to cause asynchronies among them at calving. Since prolactin in plasma is not correlated with progesterone or the estrogens, factors other than feed-back effects of ovarian steroids may be responsible for its sustained increase periparturiently. Also, elevated prolactin periparturiently may be unrelated to subsequent rates of lactation because its “basal” concentrations may meet requirements when inhibiting effects of progesterone are removed. This concept is attractive because mammary cells neither are synchronized highly for biosynthesis nor secrete normal milk for several days after calving. At the latter time, concentrations in plasma are low for progesterone and estrogen, similar to 3 days before calving for glucocorticoids and prolactin, and increasing for insulin. Evidence of lactation under unusual circumstances was discussed.
Second row molecular orbital calculations. Minimal and minimal + 3d basis calculations on second row diatomics

Abstract The optimal valence orbital exponents of a series of 24 diatomic molecules containing second row atoms are determined, with and without 3d orbitals in the basis set. Equilibrium bond lengths and dipole moments are calculated using Slater exponents as well as the optimal values. It is found that optimization of valence s and p exponents is as important as the addition of d orbitals to the basis set for bond length predictions and that separate optimization of d exponents does not significantly improve calculated bond lengths. The computed dipole moments are less satisfactory for all basis sets, although the optimal exponent basis including d orbitals are in best overall agreement with experiment.
Multicultural Dance Education in Today's Curriculum

(1991). Multicultural Dance Education in Today's Curriculum. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 45-48.
Roles of putative Rho-GEF Gef2 in division-site positioning and contractile-ring function in fission yeast cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is crucial for integrating genome inheritance and cell functions. In multicellular organisms, Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPases are key regulators of division-plane specification and contractile-ring formation during cytokinesis, but how they regulate early steps of cytokinesis in fission yeast remains largely unknown. Here we show that putative Rho-GEF Gef2 and Polo kinase Plo1 coordinate to control the medial cortical localization and function of anillin-related protein Mid1. The division-site positioning defects of gef2Δ plo1-ts18 double mutant can be partially rescued by increasing Mid1 levels. We find that Gef2 physically interacts with the Mid1 N-terminus and modulates Mid1 cortical binding. Gef2 localization to cortical nodes and the contractile ring depends on its last 145 residues, and the DBL-homology domain is important for its function in cytokinesis. Our data suggest the interaction between Rho-GEFs and anillins is an important step in the signaling pathways during cytokinesis. In addition, Gef2 also regulates contractile-ring function late in cytokinesis and may negatively regulate the septation initiation network. Collectively, we propose that Gef2 facilitates and stabilizes Mid1 binding to the medial cortex, where the localized Mid1 specifies the division site and induces contractile-ring assembly.
A fluorometric method for the estimation of 6-mercaptopurine in serum.

Abstract A sensitive method for the estimation of 6-mercaptopurine in serum has been developed. The method is based on the oxidation of 6-mercaptopurine with potassium permanganate to form purine-6-sulfonate, followed by determination of the sulfonate by measurement of its fluorescence at 400 mμ when excited at 305 mμ. The limit of sensitivity of the method is approximately 1.0 μg of 6-MP per milliliter of serum. The volume of serum required for analysis is 0.2 to 0.5 ml.
Contrast Elements in Birefringent Filters

Calculations were made to determine the effects which contrast elements of various thicknesses have in Lyot filters. A filter which is significantly narrower than the line at which it is looking produces the best results. Therefore, if the filter is broad the addition of as thick an element as possible is desired. However, if the filter is already narrow, a contrast element whose thickness equals that of the second Lyot element will produce the best performance.
Intracellular electric responses to sound in a vertebrate cochlea.

ELECTRIC potentials generated by the inner ear in response to sound stimulation were first recorded 40 yr ago1. Studies of these extracellular potentials have led to hypotheses about the role of intracellular potentials in sensory transduction in receptor (hair) cells2,3. It is difficult, however, to infer these intracellular potentials from extracellular measurements alone4–7; measurements of intracellular potentials from hair cells are clearly desirable. Although intracellular potentials in other hair-cell receptors have been reported recently8,9, the few previous attempts to record such potentials in the cochlea have not yielded significant results10. We report here intracellular responses from single hair cells and supporting cells in the cochlea of the alligator lizard Gerrhonotus multicarinatus.
Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in human cerebral vascular malformations.

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of central nervous system vascular malformations likely involves the abnormal assembly, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), or both in association with dysmorphic vessel wall. We hypothesize that intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) exhibit distinct patterns of expression of molecular markers of differentiation and maturity of VSMCs. We further speculate that the unique VSMC phenotype in the different lesions is not necessarily maintained in cell culture. METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections of five AVMs, CCMs, and control brain tissues were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), myosin heavy chain, and smoothelin, a novel marker for contractile VSMC phenotype. Large (> or =100 microm) and small (<100 microm) vessels were counted and assessed for immunoexpression of each protein, then categorized according to expression of one or more of these markers. Cultured nonendothelial cells isolated from four other excised AVM and CCM lesions were assessed for immunoexpression of the same antibodies. RESULTS Alpha-SMA was universally expressed in all vessels in AVMs and in control brains. It was expressed in the subendothelial layer of 97% of large caverns and 85% of small caverns and in scattered intercavernous connective tissue fibrocytes in CCMs. Myosin heavy chain was expressed in the majority of brain and AVM vessels, except for normal veins, and in the subendothelial layer of more than half of the caverns in CCMs. Smoothelin expression was less prevalent in large vessels in AVMs than in control brains and was not found in any caverns in CCMs (large vessels in control brains, 40.9%; AVMs, 21.9%; CCMs, 0%; P < 0.0001). Cultured AVM and CCM nonendothelial cells expressed alpha-SMA, but myosin heavy chain was expressed weakly in cells from only one CCM. Smoothelin was negative in all cells. CONCLUSION We describe vessels with various stages of VSMC differentiation in AVMs and CCMs. The subendothelial layer of CCMs commonly expresses alpha-SMA and less commonly expresses myosin heavy chain. Expression of smoothelin was less prevalent in large AVM vessels than in normal brain, which may reflect the loss of contractile property associated with hemodynamic stress. It is difficult to evaluate VSMC differentiation in culture because of phenotypic change.
Correcting for Oxygen Concentrations in Single-Side Polished Wafers

The use of single-side polished (SSP) silicon wafers is becoming more commonplace in the semiconductor industry, due to the cost involved in polishing wafers. The determination of the oxygen concentration in such wafers is subject to various errors as a result of the scattering of radiation from the uneven backsides. Moreover, the prescribed ASTM procedures for such a determination are based on samples with both sides polished. In addition, one is sometimes required to compare oxygen concentrations in SSP and double-side polished (DSP) wafers.
Fiberoptic intrinsic fluorescence for in-situ cure monitoring of amine cured epoxy and composites

The cure reactions of epoxy-diamine and its composites are monitored in-situ using the intrinsic fluorescence of the aromatic diamine, diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). With a fiberoptic fluorimeter, in-situ cure monitoring was performed via a single fiber, distal-end probe, in neat epoxy as well as in commercial grade prepregs containing graphite fibers and DDS curing agent. The prepregs were investigated during multiply lamination in an oven. The fluorescence excitation spectra were obtained by emitting at 420 nm with a scan range of 320 to 400 nm, and the DDS peak position was determined as a function of cure time and temperature. The DDS spectra show a progressive red shift up to 24 nm when the primary amine is reacted with epoxide to become the secondary and the tertiary amines. The spectral shift of the DDS is also correlated with the extent of epoxide reaction determined by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both data exhibit a linear relation, consistent with the behavior of the DDS peak shift, which increases linearly with the amine reaction. The excitation spectra also show a temperature dependency such that the amount of red shift increases with the measurement temperature in a manner that can be described by an exponential function. The temperature effects also depend on the state of cure in the sample. The temperature correction can be made by the application of an empirically developed equation. Thus, a direct comparison can be made among the on-line data obtained under varying conditions of cure, by reducing the spectral data to any reference temperature. This intrinsic fluorescence technique is much simpler than the previously reported extrinsic fluorophore technique, which requires the addition of an extrinsic fluorophore and an internal dye, and can be applied to any commercial prepregs containing DDS, thus making it a very powerful and widely applicable monitoring tool for composite processing.
Selecting, developing, and evaluating research instruments

The goal of this paper is to provide researchers who are not experts in psychometric theory with a concise guide to instrument selection, development and evaluation. Issues of context – factors related to the setting or population in which an instrument will be used – and psychometrics – the functioning of an instrument within a given context – are reviewed and discussed. Finally, four categories or types of instruments, and the psychometric analyses that are necessary for establishing the reliability and validity of each type, are described.
Radioiodine Therapy of Thyroid Disease

Ten "ideal" steps used at the University of Michigan to treat well-differentiated thyroid cancer are presented. Using this in 103 patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and metastases outside their neck, those that were freed of their disease after 131I therapy survived three times as long as those not cured of their disease. Patients successfully cured of their metastases showed better conformity to the "ideal" steps than the patients with residual metastases. Each of the most commonly asked questions about 131I treatment of thyroid carcinoma following surgical treatment are discussed.
Thiol dosing of ZnO single crystals and nanorods: Surface chemistry and photoluminescence

Abstract Adsorption of thiols on ZnO(0001) and ZnO nanorods has been investigated using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS and UPS). Ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) dosing of sputter-cleaned ZnO(0001) with methanethiol (MT), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT), and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) leads to S2p peaks with a binding energy of 163.3 eV. Similar results for MPTMS are obtained for sputter-cleaned ZnO(0001) that is pre-dosed with water to form hydroxyl groups. In all cases, the absence of a free thiol S2p peak at 164.2 eV indicates that bonding to the surface occurs via the thiol end of the molecule. A DDT-dosed ZnO(0001) sample stored for 10 days in UHV and heated to temperatures as high as 150 °C exhibits minimal changes in its S/Zn atomic ratio, confirming chemisorption and the presence of a strong bond to the surface. UPS shows that MT adsorption on sputtered ZnO(0001) leads to a 0.7 eV increase in work function and perturbation of the MT molecular orbitals, again consistent with chemisorption. Dry ZnO nanorods have been exposed to MT while monitoring their photoluminescence. XPS and Raman spectroscopy confirm thiol adsorption. Relative to dry ZnO, adsorption causes a decrease in intensity of the visible emission peak, but the UV peak remains unchanged. These results indicate that Zn S bond formation quenches radiative decay to the valence band from defect states, possibly by methanethiolate adsorption filling oxygen vacancies.
Suppression of cracks in InxGa1−xSb crystals through forced convection in the melt

It was demonstrated that forced convection or mixing in the melt during directional solidification of bulk InxGa1−xSb (0<x<0.1) ternary alloys significantly reduces cracks in the crystals. In this study, the enhanced mixing in the melt was generated by a rotating submerged baffle. The resultant improvement in spatial compositional homogeneity lowers the strain gradient or chemical stresses; thus eliminating cracks. The results presented are generally beneficial and should also improve the crystalline quality of other mixed alloys.
A role for nitric oxide in X-ray contrast material toxicity.

Rationale and Objectives. We assessed the role that nitric oxide (NO) plays in contrast media (CM) toxicity, using 100% lethal dose (LD100) studies in hyperimmune Brown Norway (BN) rats. Methods. Ninety-two BN rats and 41 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent CM LD100 tail vein injections with methylglucamine iothalamate or sodium iothalamate to the point of cessation of respiration. Methylglucamine hydrochloride also was injected. The injections were accompanied by L -argine ( L -Arg) or D -arginine ( D -Arg) analogues or by an H1 blocker. L -Arg analogues inhibit. NO formation, and D -Arg analogues do not. Results. An L -Arg analogue, but not a D -Arg analogue, increased the tolerance of BN rats (p L -Arg analogue also protected BN rats against methylglucamine chloride injections (p D -Arg analogue or normal saline were better tolerated than similar injections in BN rats (p Conclusion. NO appears to play a significant role in BN rats' LD100 CM toxicity and has been implicated by others in the blood pressure fall characterizing some forms of antigen-induced anaphylaxis [1, 2]. The results of the current study and the literature suggest that methylglucamine-modulated release of histamine from mast cells may underlie the NO production.
Sex steroids, cardiac3H-norepinephrine, and tissue monoamine oxidase levels in the rat

Abstract Rat hepatic monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is greater in male than in female animals. This difference can be reversed by chronic administration of an opposite sex steroid. When the MAO activity of rat heart is 90 per cent inhibited, the rate of disappearance of 3 H-catecholamine from this tissue is reduced; 50 per cent inhibition has no effect on this rate. Since sex differences in MAO activity are less than 50 per cent, these differences are probably of little physiologic significance.
The occlusion illusion: Partial modal completion or apparent distance?

In the occlusion illusion, the visible portion of a partly occluded object (eg a semicircle partly hidden behind a rectangle) appears to be significantly larger than a physically identical region that is fully visible. This illusion may occur either because the visual system 'fills in' a thin strip along the occluded border (the partial-modal-completion hypothesis) or because the partly occluded object is perceived as farther away (the apparent-distance hypothesis). We measured the magnitude of the occlusion illusion psychophysically in several experiments to investigate its causes. The results of experiments 1-3 are consistent with the general proposal that the magnitude of the illusion varies with the strength of the evidence for occlusion, supporting the inference that it is due to occlusion. Experiment 4 provides a critical test between apparent-distance and partial-modal-completion explanations by determining whether the increase in apparent size of the occluded region results from a change in its perceived shape (due to the modal extension of the occluded shape along the occluding edge, as predicted by the partial-modal-completion hypothesis) or from a change in its perceived overall size (as predicted by the apparent-distance hypothesis). The results more strongly support the partial-modal-completion hypothesis.
Vision, Science and Literature, 1870–1920: Ocular Horizons

‘This is a book about vision and its historical fragility’. So opens Martin Willis's new book that samples from numerous different cultural and scientific areas of ‘vision’. These include microscop...