cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute arterial thrombosis in rabbits: Reduced platelet accumulation after treatment with thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben hydrochloride, (UK-37,248-01)

Abstract Acute thrombosis was induced in the carotid arteries of anaesthetised rabbits by local electrical stimulation (1mA for 2 min) of the vessel wall. Histological findings confirmed the platelet-rich composition of the thrombus. Platelet accumulation at the stimulus site was quantitated with ‴'Indium-labelling of autologous platelets. In rabbits injected intravenously with either 2mg/kg dazoxiben or 10mg/kg aspirin, accumulation of labelled platelets was considerably reduced. Animals which received vehicle injection only, showed no such reduced thrombus formation. In separate experiments in anaesthetised rabbits, the levels of TxB2 and 6KPGF1α in clotting blood were measured in blood samples taken from animals which had received the above drug treatments. Aspirin markedly reduced the production of both arachidonate metabolites. In contrast, dazoxiben almost totally inhibited TxB2 production but caused a 3.5 fold increase in the levels of 6KPGF1α. These findings demonstrate an anti-thrombotic effect and confirm the mechanistic selectivity of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.
Adding power to our ability to develop outstanding new teachers

Abstract The difficult challenge of learning to teach compels schools of education to experiment with new and more powerful training models. This paper reports on one such experiment. Project Promise, a licensure and masters degree program for career change professionals at Colorado State University, using a rigorous selection process, assembles a full‐time ten‐month cohort, and provides them with extensive coaching, systems to ensure accountability, and four student teaching opportunities interspersed with theory and methods classes. Once these candidates are employed as first year teachers, the same faculty who taught and modeled the theoretical aspects of the program also systematically coach and mentor these new teachers to create a seamless web of training. Results after five years indicate that teachers trained in this program achieve high rates of employment and are more likely to stay in teaching than the norm. There are substantial costs in implementing a program of this intensity.
Nonlinear fractional dynamics on a lattice with long range interactions

Abstract A unified approach has been developed to study nonlinear dynamics of a 1D lattice of particles with long-range power-law interaction. A classical case is treated in the framework of the generalization of the well-known Frenkel–Kontorova chain model for the non-nearest interactions. Quantum dynamics is considered following Davydov's approach for molecular excitons. In the continuum limit the problem is reduced to dynamical equations with fractional derivatives resulting from the fractional power of the long-range interaction. Fractional generalizations of the sine-Gordon, nonlinear Schrodinger, and Hilbert–Schrodinger equations have been found. There exists a critical value of the power s of the long-range potential. Below the critical value ( s 3 , s ≠ 1 , 2) we obtain equations with fractional derivatives while for s ⩾ 3 we have the well-known nonlinear dynamical equations with space derivatives of integer order. Long-range interaction impact on the quantum lattice propagator has been studied. We have shown that the quantum exciton propagator exhibits transition from the well-known Gaussian-like behavior to a power-law decay due to the long-range interaction. A link between 1D quantum lattice dynamics in the imaginary time domain and a random walk model has been discussed.
Quenching of the triplet state of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) in solution: Effect of molecular weight

Abstract The rate of decay of triplet-triplet absorption of excited poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN) and 2-ethylnaphthalene (2EN) in room temperature benzene solutions was studied as a function of an added triplet quencher, piperylene. It was found that the efficiency of triplet quenching decreases as the molecular weight of the polymer increases, which is interpreted as arising from the density of the polymer coil in solution. If triplet energy migration occurs along the polymer chain the exciton diffusion constant is not significantly larger than the physical diffusion of the monomer model compound, 2EN. The triplet state was produced in solution by a 4 MeV electron beam, because the S 1 → T 1 process was found to be very inefficient for P2VN under optical excitation conditions.
RF Power Dependence of the Material Properties of PECVD Silicon Dioxide

Silicon dioxide films deposited from the PECVD reaction of silane and nitrous oxide in the presence of helium were studied to determine the effects of RF power on the deposition process. Increased RF power density yielded oxides which were structurally and chemically more homogeneous. The combination of elevated power density with increased silane concentration resulted in the deposition of films of high electrical and physical integrity at high deposition rates.
Molecular diversity and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium patterns in a worldwide collection of Oryza sativa and its wild relatives

Genetic diversity analysis within a species is vital for understanding evolutionary processes at the population and genomic levels. We report a detailed study of molecular diversity, polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in three groups of rice (Oryza) germplasm accessions based on 176 SSR markers. The first group included 65 rice (O. sativa L.) accessions introduced from seven countries, including five regions of China. The second group included 58 US rice varieties released in the past 25 years. The third group consisted of 54 accessions of rice wild relatives represented by ten different species. The number of alleles per SSR marker ranged from 4 to 32 with a mean of 16 alleles and the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.43 to 0.91 with a mean of 0.70. The variation in SSR alleles was a significant contribution to the genetic discrimination of the 177 accessions within the three Oryza groups. Analysis of molecular variance identified deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Principal coordinates analysis clearly separated the accessions into their respective three groups. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic cluster reflects the ordination of each accession. Linkage disequilibrium (D′) averaged 0.75 in wild Oryza spp., and about 0.5 in both US and international O. sativa accessions. Our results showed that LD among adjacent loci in both O. sativa and Oryza spp. accessions is strong enough to be detecting marker-trait association via genome-wide scans.
Long-term outcome of patients with monoclonal Ig deposition disease treated with high-dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation.

Long-term outcome of patients with monoclonal Ig deposition disease treated with high-dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation
Cherished Possessions and Adaptation of Older People to Nursing Homes.

One hundred older people (75 females, 25 males), in nursing homes rated as above or below a combined criterion (based on Lieberman and Tobin's scales of physical attractiveness, affiliation fostering, and tolerance for deviancy), responded to questionnaires on cherished possessions and on adaptation to the nursing home. The main findings indicated: 1) relative to those residents without possessions, those with possessions were better adapted to the nursing home; 2) possessions served the major functions of historical continuity, comforter, and sense of belongingness; 3) relative to men, significantly more women had cherished possessions and were more likely to associate them with self-other relationships; and 4) relative to residents in nursing homes below the mean of the combined criterion, those in homes above the mean felt more in control, less helpless, more supported by staff, and were judged as more realistic in response to conflict. Interpretations regarding the role of possessions in adaptation an...
1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase: Conservation, regulation, and putative target of mood stabilizers

Abstract Inositol depletion is an acute response to lithium and valproate, and aberrant inositol metabolism has been demonstrated in bipolar patients. While it is unlikely that the therapeutic response to inositol depleting drugs is associated with inositol depletion per se, the role of inositol as a metabolic sensor for the secretory, unfolded protein response and glucose response pathways suggests that treatment with inositol depleting drugs may lead to dramatic changes in complex cellular processes. Surprisingly, almost nothing is known about how inositol biosynthesis is regulated in human cells. In contrast, genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies in yeast for over three decades have elucidated intricate mechanisms underlying regulation of inositol biosynthesis in this model eukaryote. INO1 , the gene encoding 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (MIP) synthase, is the most highly regulated of the genes required for phospholipid biosynthesis. This enzyme, which catalyzes the rate limiting step in inositol biosynthesis, is highly conserved from yeast to humans. A recent study has shown that the human INO1 gene is functional in yeast and complements the inositol deficiency of the yeast ino1 mutant. Similar to the yeast enzyme, human MIP synthase activity is decreased in vivo in the presence of valproate. Functional conservation of MIP synthase from yeast to humans underscores the power of the yeast model in understanding the effects of anti-bipolar drugs on inositol synthesis. Because inositol is a metabolic sensor for a variety of signal transduction pathways, MIP synthase may be an important target for new mood stabilizing drugs.
Induction of hepatocytes in the pancreas of copper-depleted rats following copper repletion.

Abstract Pancreatic hepatocytes are induced in rats maintained on copper-deficient diet containing 0.6% d -penicillamine for 8–10 weeks, followed by copper repletion. These induced hepatocytes are morphologically and functionally very similar to parenchymal cells of the liver. Immunofluorescence stains demonstrated the presence of albumin and catalase in these cells. Strains for pancreatic enzymes and hormones were negative. As expected, the hypolipidemic compounds, ciprofibrate, induced peroxisome proliferation in these cells. These results indicate that a simple depletion and repletion of copper can trigger transdifferentiation in the pancreas of adult rats.
Split-twist FCR reconstruction for basal joint arthritis.

Split-twist FCR reconstruction for basal joint arthritis : a personal method based on the Burton-Pellegrini ligament reconstruction tendon interposition operation.
Effects of water content of gels on sol-gel glass structures

Abstract SiO2 gels produced by 4 and 16 mol water/mol Si(OC2H5)4 [TEOS] were densified at 1000°C and then exposed to γ-ray irradiation in order to produce paramagnetic defect centers. The paramagnetic defect centers detected in the sol-gel (n = 4,16) glasses depend on the mol H2O/mol TEOS ratio (n = 4,16) of the gels from which they wer derived. In the n = 16 sol-gel glass three different O2− ions were detected while in the n = 4 sol-gel glass the E′ center and the CO2− radical were observed. Some of these paramagnetic states were not found in the SiO2 glasses produced by the oxide melting techniques. These differences may suggest structural differences between the structures of the SiO2 glasses produced by the sol-gel and oxide melting techniques.
Physiologically Significant Specializations of the Cell Surface

This paper presents a brief review of the ultrastructure of some of the structural elaborations of the plasma membrane that may be regarded as adaptations for specific cell functions. Among the relatively stable specializations of the free surface, it considers the striated border of the intestinal mucosa, the brush border in the nephron, and filamentous coatings on the membranes of certain cells of the gastric mucosa. It then turns to those transient configurations of cell surfaces involved in the dynamic processes of pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and liberation of secretory products and considers the turnover of membranes associated with these phenomena. Discussion of specializations of the contact surfaces includes the desmosomes and terminal bars and the present status of intercellular cement and interfacial canals. A section on specializations of the cell base considers the basement membrane and basal infoldings of the plasma membrane in cells engaged in active transport. And finally, there is a description of the terminal web and the marginal band of nucleated erythrocytes—specializations of the superficial cytoplasm concerned with maintenance of cell shape.
Energy use in the United States, 1880–1966

Abstract This historical study of energy use in the United States was conducted by examining the use for each State. Because of the extensive amount of data, the results have been presented for each of nine regions that are designated by the US Bureau of Census, in the years 1880, 1915, 1940 and 1966. Changing patterns of energy use are traced through this period. As a direct result, evidence is presented to show that use/head increases abruptly during periods of mechanization and industrialization, and then changes very slowly subsequently. Further, these results are used to show how better methods for forecasting energy needs can be developed. Past and future projections of the US energy needs are examined in the light of these historical results. The importance of the end use of energy, land use, and population in forecasting energy needs is emphasized.
A note on the computation of diffuse reflection functions for spherical shells

It is shown that recent computational investigations of Bellman et al. on the diffuse reflection function for a spherical shell are invalid. The system of equations for the total reflection function considered by them admits two solutions, and the character of the numerical methods employed was such as to select the spurious solution. This solution was incorrectly identified with the diffuse reflection function.
Absence of tryptophan fluorescence quenching by metal cations in delipidated bacteriorhodopsin

The addition of metal cations to deionized bacteriorhodopsin (bR) quenches the steady-state tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence intensity and reduces the decay times of some of its picosecond components. Similar quenching processes of the Trp emission are not observed in deionized 75% delipidated bR (dLbR). The results are discussed in terms of conformational changes taking place in the protein upon delipidation.
A coastal radar system for tsunami warning

Abstract A high-frequency radar system which has been used at coastal locations for measurement of surface current and wave fields is suggested and analyzed as a tsunami detection and warning system. This system would detect the presence and magnitude of a tsunami as it approaches the shore by observing the to-fro current pattern produced by the orbital velocity of the tsunami wave. For the radar system presently in existence, typical warning times exceeding 45 min are shown to be possible for Pacific United States coastal locations.
Differential infanticide by adult curly-tailed lizards, Leiocephalus schreibersi

Abstract The curly-tailed lizard is a ground-dwelling, territorial species, whose home range areas were stable and averaged 79 m 2 (males), 43 m 2 (females) and 6 m 2 (juveniles). Every male had one to three females within his home range. The average home range overlap varied within and between age and sex classes, from 8% of male home range areas overlapping with juvenile home ranges to 100% of juvenile home ranges coinciding within male home ranges. Except for three, each of the 24 juveniles on the study area was exclusively associated with an adult male and female whose territorial behaviour prevented access of other adults to the juvenile. This was significant because 36% of the tested resident adults (three males, six females) attacked tethered conspecific juveniles and were considered cannibals. All 24 resident juvenile home ranges were within non-cannibal adult home ranges. Only three juveniles were at risk by having their home ranges also overlapped by a cannabalistic adult. No adult-free refugium existed for juveniles as their separation distances from non-cannibalistic adult. averaged 1·0 m (cannibals had no juveniles nearby). Our data indicate that: (1) exploitative infanticide may be a prime source of juvenile mortality; (2) stable, coinciding territories of a non-cannibalistic adult male and female provide associated juveniles with protection against cannibal adult interlopers; and (3) 88% of resident juveniles were being protected from possible cannibalism by only 30% of the adults on the study area.
Opto-galvanic spectroscopy in a uranium hollow cathode discharge

Laser induced impedance changes in a hollow cathode discharge containing sputtered uranium atoms were used for standard spectroscopic measurements, the determination of oscillator strengths, the measurement of the electron temperature of the discharge, isotope ratio analysis, and obtaining information about the sputtering process. Concentrations of uranium atoms as small as 108/cc could be detected.
Diffused diodes in silicon-on-sapphire

Abstract The forward and reverse I–V characteristics of diffused diodes made in silicon grown epitaxially on sapphire have been measured. Silicon of doping density 4 × 10 15 to 6 × 10 17 /cm 3 p -type and 2 × 10 15 to 10 18 /cm 3 n -type have been used in these experiments. The forward conduction current of all diodes tested varied as exp ( qv /> nkT ) with n ≈ 1.7. Minority carrier lifetimes of the order 10 −10 sec have been inferred from the I–V data. The reverse currents were somewhat larger than predicted on the basis of currents generated in the space charge region but were reproducible from diode to diode. The temperature dependence of the diode currents was measured from room temperature to 200°C and followed the theoretical prediction. The variation of minority carrier lifetime with film thickness was measured, and the lifetime was found to increase as the silicon became thicker. Diodes produced by diffusion through the silicon to the silicon-sapphire interface were found to have minority carrier lifetimes about an order of magnitude lower than diodes not diffused to the bottom interface.
Single-stranded annealing induced by re-initiation of replication origins provides a novel and efficient mechanism for generating copy number expansion via non-allelic homologous recombination.

Copy number expansions such as amplifications and duplications contribute to human phenotypic variation, promote molecular diversification during evolution, and drive the initiation and/or progression of various cancers. The mechanisms underlying these copy number changes are still incompletely understood, however. We recently demonstrated that transient, limited re-replication from a single origin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae efficiently induces segmental amplification of the re-replicated region. Structural analyses of such re-replication induced gene amplifications (RRIGA) suggested that RRIGA could provide a new mechanism for generating copy number variation by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Here we elucidate this new mechanism and provide insight into why it is so efficient. We establish that sequence homology is both necessary and sufficient for repetitive elements to participate in RRIGA and show that their recombination occurs by a single-strand annealing (SSA) mechanism. We also find that re-replication forks are prone to breakage, accounting for the widespread DNA damage associated with deregulation of replication proteins. These breaks appear to stimulate NAHR between re-replicated repeat sequences flanking a re-initiating replication origin. Our results support a RRIGA model where the expansion of a re-replication bubble beyond flanking homologous sequences followed by breakage at both forks in trans provides an ideal structural context for SSA–mediated NAHR to form a head-to-tail duplication. Given the remarkable efficiency of RRIGA, we suggest it may be an unappreciated contributor to copy number expansions in both disease and evolution.
Non-Newtonian Behavior Computer Aided Simulation of Metal Matrix Aluminum Alloy

This work is a case study of non-Newtonian behavior of metal matrix composite materials used in the metal casting process. The casting alloys considered are composed of an aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with a relative high fraction of ceramic particles. The composite material exhibits non-Newtonian behavior with viscosity dependent on shear rate, volume fraction of suspended solid particles, phase change and solid fraction of primary metal during solidification. Computer aided simulation method, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is used in this work to analyze the effect of non-Newtonian behavior on the flow pattern of the composite material during casting mold filling process. The result of this work is expected to describe an approach suitable for die design analysis and operation parameters optimization in the metal matrix alloy casting process.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Tweeting Prayers and Communicating Grief Over Michael Jackson Online

Death and bereavement are human experiences that new media helps facilitate alongside creating new social grief practices that occur online. This study investigated how people’s postings and tweets facilitated the communication of grief after pop music icon Michael Jackson died. Drawing on past grief research, religion, and new media studies, a thematic analysis of 1,046 messages was conducted on three mediated sites (Twitter, TMZ.com, and Facebook). Results suggested that social media served as grieving spaces for people to accept Jackson’s death rather than denying it or expressing anger over his passing. The findings also illustrate how interactive exchanges online helped recycle news and “resurrected” the life of Jackson. Additionally, as fans of deceased celebrities create and disseminate web-based memorials, new social media practices such as “Michael Mondays” synchronize tweets within everyday life rhythms and foster practices to hasten the grieving process.
Spatial patterns of snow stability throughout a small mountain range

This research investigates snow stability on the eastern side of a small mountain range in southwest Montana, U.S.A., on one mid-season day and one late-season day during the 1996/97 winter. Although previous research has addressed snow stability at smaller spatial scales, this is the first field-based study to investigate snow stability (as measured by stability tests) over a mountain range in order to better understand its spatial distribution and the implications for predicting dry-slab avalanches. Using helicopter access, six two-person sampling teams collected data from over 70 sites on each of the two sampling days. Variables for terrain, snowpack, snow strength and snow stability were generated from the field data, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression. Results from the first sampling day show stability is only weakly linked to terrain, snowpack and snow-strength variables due to consistently stormy weather conditions leading up to that day. The second field day’s results demonstrate a stronger relationship between stability and the other variables due to more variable weather conditions that ranged from periods of sunshine to storms. On both days stability decreased on high-elevation, northerly-facing slopes. The data-structure complexity provides insights into the difficulties faced by both scientists and conventional avalanche forecasters in predicting snow avalanches.
TH-C-ValB-03: Quality Assurance Procedure for a KV Cone-Beam Device

Purpose: To establish a quality assurance procedure for kV cone‐beam (CB) devices, and use the procedure to assess the accuracy and precision of a particular CB unit. Introduction: The introduction of the Elekta CB system has created a need for a quality assurance (QA) procedure to test the system's reliability and accuracy and it's alignment with the MV treatment beam isocenter. Materials and Methods: An acrylic phantom with dimensions of 18×19×18 cm3 was used for this work. The phantom included a central slab made of polystyrene that contained two drill holes. One was drilled to the center of the cube, and the other was off to one side and established phantom orientation during scanning. The holes were left open during CT and CB imaging to minimize artifacts. The phantom was first positioned with the center hole at the accelerator mechanical isocenter. Repeated cone‐beam datasets were acquired to determine the system's ability to detect and correct for known table shifts. Finally, the phantom was positioned with CB guidance and the beebee was placed in the center hole. The Winston‐Lutz (WL) test in the phantom was preformed using the electronic portal imager(EPID). The differences between known and CB determined shifts and the WL test analysis were tabulated. Results: and Conclusion: The results showed that the cone‐beam system was capable of determining the shifts applied to the QA phantom to within 0.5 ± 0.4 mm with the largest difference between the known and calculated shift of 1.9 mm. The mean agreement between the kV and MV isocenters was 0.5 mm ± 0.4 mm with the largest deviation of 1.3 mm. This QA study supports a conclusion that the Elekta CB system can be reliably used for positioning of patients with the accuracy in a 1 to 2 mm range.
Imagination and other scripts

One version of the Humean Theory of Motivation holds that all actions can be causally explained by reference to a belief-desire pair. Some have argued that pretense presents counter-examples to this principle, as pretense is instead causally explained by a belief-like imagining and a desire-like imagining. We argue against this claim by denying imagination the power of motivation. Still, we allow imagination a role in guiding action as a script. We generalize the script concept to show how things besides imagination can occupy this same role in both pretense and non-pretense actions. The Humean Theory of Motivation should then be modified to cover this script role.
Ca2+ signaling differentiation during oocyte maturation

Oocyte maturation is an essential cellular differentiation pathway that prepares the egg for activation at fertilization leading to the initiation of embryogenesis. An integral attribute of oocyte maturation is the remodeling of Ca2+ signaling pathways endowing the egg with the capacity to produce a specialized Ca2+ transient at fertilization that is necessary and sufficient for egg activation. Consequently, mechanistic elucidation of Ca2+ signaling differentiation during oocyte maturation is fundamental to our understanding of egg activation, and offers a glimpse into Ca2+ signaling regulation during the cell cycle.
Czochralski single crystal growth of Sr.61Ba.39Nb2O6 for surface acoustic wave applications

Abstract Ferroelectric Sr.61Ba.39Nb2O6 (SBN) single crystals approximately 2 cm. in diameter and 5–6 cm. long have successfully been grown by the Czochralski technique. All the crystals were grown in the [001] direction in argon or oxygen, and it was found that the degree of difficulty of growth increased as the diameter of the crystals increased. Temperature dependence measurements on the poled Z-cut SBN crystals showed that this composition has temperature compensated orientations which make this material useful for surface acoustic wave devices.
Child sponsorship, evangelism, and belonging in the work of World Vision Zimbabwe

In this article, I examine the child sponsorship program of World Vision Zimbabwe-offering perspectives from nongovernmental organization (NGO) employees, sponsors, sponsored children, and rural communities being assisted. I demonstrate how transnational processes of giving and membership in a global Christian family contrast with Zimbabwean interpretations of humanitarian assistance and efforts to initiate a Zimbabwean child sponsorship program amidst growing local inequalities. In effect, new perceptions of economic disparity are produced by the very humanitarian efforts that strive to overcome them. I explore the intimate and personal relationships encouraged by sponsorship and the political economies within which they are situated, which include jealousies, desires, and altered senses of belonging. [Africa, NGOs, humanitarianism, transnationalism, development, Christian evangelism, Zimbabwe] This is a study of the paradoxical effects of Christian humanitarian programs of child sponsorship. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in child sponsorship seek to transcend economic disparity via personal relationships between individuals in "developed" nations and the children they sponsor in "less-developed" nations. These organizations speak to the potential of eradicating poverty, improving lives spiritually and economically, and uniting sponsors and sponsored children in an international community. The paradox lies in that, as much as these efforts inspire a liberatory potential, they also accentuate localized experiences of poverty and transform relationships of belonging for sponsors, the children they sponsor, and employees of the NGOs. The results of such efforts are indeed ambiguous. The liberatory potential to link people and transcend inequality on a global scale occurs in local political economies that reinforce the very disparities that sponsorship aims to overcome. This is not to say that humanitarian aid is a hopeless task, but that it is a multidimensional process that must be understood in such a spirit. In this article, I investigate the dual consequences of child sponsorship through an analysis of one religious NGO, World Vision in Zimbabwe. I frame my analysis with the narrative experiences of two men in their twenties-a Zimbabwean who was formerly a child sponsored by World Vision and a Canadian sponsor who visited the child he sponsored in rural Zimbabwe. The cases educe how evangelical narratives of child sponsorship simultaneously transcend difference and exacerbate it-producing unintended consequences for both sponsors and their children. Culled from a larger project focusing on Christian NGOs and the relationships between religious ideas and economic development in Zimbabwe, my focus on World Vision arises from research I conducted in World Vision's offices (in California 1994-95, in Washington, D.C.
Holland type as a moderator of personality-performance predictions.

Abstract This study explored the value of using Holland's theory of vocational personality types and work environments for improving predictions of personality–performance relations. Upper level undergraduates representing the RIASEC environments completed the Self-Directed Search and a measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality that were used to predict grades. Overall, agreeableness and conscientiousness accounted for approximately 2% to 3% of the variance in performance. However, when the data were analyzed further by RIASEC environment, more than 9% of the variance in performance was accounted for with personality scores. This study supports assertions in the literature that predictions of performance using global traits, such as conscientiousness, can be improved using appropriate moderators. Furthermore, important relations between personality and performance can be masked if job context is ignored.
Towards Virtual Testing of Textile Composites: Calibration of Thermoelastic Tow Properties

We present a methodology for calibrating the thermoelastic properties of constituent tows in a woven C/SiC composite using a combination of experimental measurements and finite element simulations of strain distributions that arise upon heating. Because of the nonuniform distribution of the matrix phase and the presence of matrix microcracks, tow properties cannot be reliably predicted a priori using micromechanical models alone; instead, some can only be inferred from coupled experimental/numerical studies of the kind presented here. A small number of iterations of finite element simulations is required to achieve satisfactory agreement in all thermal strain components. The number of iterations is minimized by first performing simulations using model-based estimates of the effective tow properties, followed by judicious adjustments to select property values. Comparisons between measurements and simulations are performed on the basis of strains averaged over a characteristic area dictated by tow dimensions. The study reveals that, although each segment of a particular tow genus is nominally equivalent to all others, the strains within each population exhibit considerable variation. This is attributable to variations in both tow geometry and connectivity between adjacent tows. The virtual tests predict strain variations of comparable magnitude.
Regional differences in the developing foreleg of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract We transplanted imaginal disks of Drosophila melanogaster from larvae of the second half of the third larval instar into prepupae. Disks from the youngest donors differentiated bristles of only the distal segments of the leg. These disks also produced unusually large areas of cuticle that had no bristles. Disks from older donors differentiated bristles of more proximal segments and the area of cuticle with no bristles was reduced. To account for the regional variation in these results, there must be regional differences among the prospective leg cells at some time during the period from the second half of the third larval instar to the end of adult bristle differentiation. We asked whether prospective distal cells were more advanced than prospective proximal cells during bristle differentiation. We estimated when bristle precursor cells undergo their final cell divisions by heavily irradiating prepupae and pupae. We assumed that cells that were insensitive to the radiation had completed their cell divisions. The distal segments were the first to have insensitive bristles. Most leg bristles became insensitive between 12 and 18 hr after pupariation. The tarsus had a larger proportion of its bristles insensitive than the femur at 15 hr after pupariation. We also investigated when bristle-forming cells begin elongating their bristle shafts. We used the length of bristle rudiments as an indicator of when elongation is initiated. At 35 hr after pupariation, bristle rudiments of distal segments were two to three times longer than bristle rudiments of proximal segments. We discuss how these intersegmental differences observed during bristle differentiation can account for the regional variation in response of discs transplanted into older hosts. However, we do not exclude the possibility that regional differences among cells of the leg tissue exist at stages earlier than the time of bristle differentiation.
The effects of olfactory system lesions and food deprivation on spontaneous behavior patterns of male hooded rats.

Abstract The behavior of normal male rats was observed in an exploration field in which a number of olfactory cues were present. Locomotor activity, freezing, grooming, sniffing, rearing and boluses dropped were quantified over days and correlations between them were obtained. Following olfactory nerve sections at the bulb surface or total olfactory bulb and peduncle destruction, the measures were made again and lesion induced changes in them and olfactory cue exploration were noted. After a period of food deprivation, the measures were made a third time to assess possible motivational factors on the results. Both lesions and food deprivation altered many variables with the deeply lesioned animals more affected than the shallowly lesioned animals. Possible interactions between partial or complete anosmia and lesion induced changes in reactivity were considered. Some problems associated with the production of and tests for anosmia were also discussed.
Case Report: Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia Complicating Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia

While the occurrence of autoimmune disorders such as hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) is well recognized, pure red blood cell aplasia (PRCA) complicating CLL is uncommon and intriguing. This is a report of the clinical course of a patient with B cell CLL who developed PRCA unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy responsive to subsequent treatment with oxymethalone resulting in complete remission of PRCA.
Lithotripsy versus cholecystectomy for management of gallstones. A decision analysis by Markov process.

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a new treatment method that effectively disintegrates radiolucent gallstones and is associated with a low complication rate. Using the model of a Markov process for decision analysis, survival and costs under four possible strategies to treat gallstones were compared: expectant management with cholecystectomy (EC) or lithotripsy (EL) reserved for symptomatic gallstones; prophylactic cholecystectomy (PC) or lithotripsy (PL) for all gallstones. Life expectancy for the different strategies varies by few days. Only if high annual rates of pain and complication occurred in subjects with silent gallstones would both prophylactic procedures marginally increase life expectancy. Prophylactic cholecystectomy then would be more cost-effective than prophylactic lithotripsy. Expectant strategies remain much cheaper than prophylactic management over a broad range of probability values and procedural costs. Expectant use of lithotripsy costs less than cholecystectomy. A low success rate of lithotripsy would raise the direct costs of lithotripsy above those of cholecystectomy but leave total costs of both strategies in the same order of magnitude. Lithotripsy appears to be a feasible alternative to treat symptomatic but not asymptomatic gallstones.
Thick-target bombardments with high energy charged particles: Experimental improvements and spatial distribution of low-energy secondary neutrons

Abstract A thick target with dimensions of 100×100×200 cm and a mass of about 16 000 kg was constructed for the simulation of effects of the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) with matter. After irradiations of this target with 2.1-GeV protons and 800-MeV/nucleon alpha particles, the spatial distribution of low-energy secondary neutrons was determined by neutron-capture reaction products. Due to the large dimensions of the bombarded target and the water-free material used, conditions close to those expected in anhydrous planetary surfaces were successfully simulated, with the exception of the 2π incidence of the GCR. Secondary low-energy neutron fluxes developed broad maxima at depths of 100 to 200 g/cm 2 for the proton irradiation and at depths of 70 to 150 g/cm 2 for the alpha-particle irradiation, however, demonstrates the role that these particles, which only comprise ∼10% of the GCR particle flux, play on the development of the subsurface low-energy neutron fluxes in extraterrestrial objects. Comparisons with similar results from other thick target experiments demonstrate the advantages of the thick target arrangement used.
Thrombin Generation, Fibrin Clot Formation and Hemostasis

Hemostatic clot formation entails thrombin-mediated cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the thrombin concentration present during clot formation dictates the ultimate fibrin structure. In most prior studies of fibrin structure, clotting was initiated by adding thrombin to a solution of fibrinogen; however, clot formation in vivo occurs in an environment in which the concentration of free thrombin changes over the reaction course. These changes depend on local cellular properties and available concentrations of pro- and anti-coagulants. Recent studies suggest that abnormal thrombin generation patterns produce abnormally structured clots that are associated with an increased risk of bleeding or thrombosis. Further studies of fibrin formation during in situ thrombin generation are needed to understand fibrin clot formation in vivo.
Quantitative assessment of red meat or processed meat consumption and kidney cancer.

Abstract Objective : To conduct a quantitative assessment of red meat or processed meat consumption and kidney cancer. Methods : We extracted data from 12 case–control studies, three cohort studies, and the Pooling Project of Diet and Cancer publication for which 13 international cohorts were evaluated. Random effects meta-analysis models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) based on high vs. low intake values. Sensitivity and influence analyses were conducted, including assessments of heterogeneity. Results : The SRRE for all studies that reported results for red meat (included variables labeled ‘red meat' or single red meat items, such as beef, pork, or liver) was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98–1.29; p -value for heterogeneity=0.015), and the SRRE using only data from prospective cohorts was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.91–1.15) with minimal heterogeneity ( p =0.741). Similarly, in a meta-analysis of the five studies that simultaneously adjusted for smoking, BMI, and total energy intake, the SRRE for red meat was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.91–1.15). No significant association was observed in the meta-analysis of processed meat consumption (SRRE=1.07; 95% CI: 0.94–1.23), although a significant association was observed when only data from cohort studies were analyzed (SRRE=1.19; 95% CI: 1.03–1.37). Conclusions : Although many of the summary results were positive, all were weak in magnitude, most were not statistically significant, and associations were attenuated among studies that adjusted for key potential confounding factors. In summary, the findings of this meta-analysis are not supportive of an independent relation between red or processed meat intake and kidney cancer.
Continuity in a longitudinal out-patient attachment for Year 3 medical students

CONTEXT Concerns about the quality of medical student learning experiences during traditional clerkships have prompted calls to restructure clinical education around continuity. Many US medical schools have added longitudinal out-patient attachments to enhance student continuity with patients and supervising doctors. However, continuity with patients can be difficult to achieve and little is known about the independent effect of continuity with a supervising doctor and setting. This study describes students' perceptions of the types of continuity experienced in longitudinal attachments and the learning associated with continuity. METHODS This is a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted with 12 Year 3 medical students about their continuity experiences with patients, supervisors and settings during their attachment. The resulting data were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS Continuity with supervising doctors provided students with career mentorship and personal support. Student autonomy varied and was most dependent on the supervisor and setting. Students with patient continuity were more likely to report learning about chronic illness and communication skills. Students described the longitudinal attachment as helping them to develop their clinical skills and gain self-confidence within their role as future doctors, and as influencing their career choice. CONCLUSIONS There is much variation in student experiences of patient continuity during a longitudinal attachment. Continuity with patients, supervisors and settings affects student learning in different ways. Additional dimensions of the experience, such as the nature of the patient-doctor relationship, the pace of work and the patient population, impact learning outcomes and should be considered when continuity experiences are being designed.
Regulation of carAB expression in Escherichia coli occurs in part through UTP-sensitive reiterative transcription.

In Escherichia coli, expression of the carAB operon is subject to cumulative repression, which occurs by ArgR-mediated repression at a downstream promoter, P2, and by pyrimidine-mediated regulation at an upstream promoter, P1. In this study, we show that pyrimidine-mediated regulation occurs in part through a mechanism involving UTP-sensitive reiterative transcription (i.e., repetitive addition of U residues to the 3′ end of a nascent transcript due to transcript-template slippage). In this case, reiterative transcription occurs at the end of a run of three T · A base pairs in the initially transcribed region of the carAB P1 promoter. The sequence of this region is 5′-GTTTGC (nontemplate strand). In the proposed regulatory mechanism, increased intracellular levels of UTP promote reiterative transcription, which results in the synthesis of transcripts with the sequence GUUUUn (where n = 1 to >30). These transcripts are not extended downstream to include structural gene sequences. In contrast, lower levels of UTP enhance normal template-directed addition of a G residue at position 5 of the nascent transcript. This addition precludes reiterative transcription and permits normal transcript elongation capable of producing translatable carAB transcripts. Thus, carAB expression, which is necessary for pyrimidine nucleotide (and arginine) biosynthesis, increases in proportion to the cellular need for UTP. The proposed mechanism appears to function independently of a second pyrimidine-mediated control mechanism that involves the regulatory proteins CarP and integration host factor.
Mechanism of Action of Prolactin on Adrenocortical Steroid Secretion in Hypophysectomized Female Rats

Studies were carried out to determine the actions of PRL on adrenocortical function in hypophysectomized female rats in the presence and absence of ACTH. PRL administration alone decreased 5α-reductase activity but did not significantly affect the rates of corticosterone secretion or peripheral plasma corticosterone concentrations. The activities of several steroidogenic enzymes (cholesterol desmolase, 11β-hydroxylase, and 21-hydroxylase) were also unaffected by PRL. Adrenal steroidogenesis was increased by ACTH treatment, as expected, resulting in an increase in corticosterone secretion. However, since adrenal 5α-reductase activity was higher in ACTH-treated hypophysectomized rats than in normal animals with intact pituitary glands, large amounts of 5α-dihydrocorticosterone (DHB) and 3β,5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB) were also secreted. PRL, when administered in combination with ACTH, potentiated the effects of ACTH on corticosterone secretion and plasma corticosterone levels. PRL did not affect chole...
The process of coping among young adult children of alcoholics.

Children of alcoholics are often misdiagnosed or ignored because of socially acceptable coping styles. These survival coping mechanisms have been identified as specific role behaviors inhibiting normal development. These assumptions, however, have not been tested with rigorous research techniques. The purpose of this study was to describe the developing role patterns and/or coping behaviors of 30 young adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) between the ages of 18 and 28. Data were obtained primarily through in-depth interviews as well as the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Interview responses were analyzed using content analysis procedures and triangulated with questionnaire responses. The findings of this study suggest a possible developmental delay in coping strategies used by children of alcoholics although no specific ACA role behaviors were identified. Confrontive measures of coping did not develop until young adulthood and only after therapeutic intervention. Two unique methods of coping, reversed emotive and r...