cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Painful diabetic neuropathy

Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic, and associated neuropathy is its most costly and disabling complication. Given the rising prevalence of painful diabetic neuropathy, it is increasingly important that we understand the best ways to diagnose and treat this condition. Diagnostic tests in this field are evolving rapidly. These include the use of skin biopsies to measure small unmyelinated fibers, as well as even newer techniques that can measure both small unmyelinated fibers and large myelinated fibers in the same biopsy. The main treatments for painful diabetic neuropathy remain management of the underlying diabetes and drugs for the relief of pain. However, emerging evidence points to major differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including the ability of glycemic control to prevent neuropathy. Enhanced glucose control is much more effective at preventing neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes than in those with type 2 disease. This dichotomy emphasizes the need to study the pathophysiologic differences between the two types of diabetes, because different treatments may be needed for each condition. The impact of the metabolic syndrome on neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes may account for the difference between the two types of diabetes and requires further study. Finally, neuropathic pain is under-recognized and undertreated despite an ever evolving list of effective drugs. Evidence exists to support several drugs, but the optimal sequence and combination of these drugs are still to be determined.
Low birthweight in New York city and upstate New York following the events of September 11th

We examined pregnancy outcomes in New York City (NYC) and upstate New York after the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster. Using birth certificate data for NY residents (n = 1,660,401 births), we estimated risk of low birthweight (LBW: <2,500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) one week after September 11th versus three weeks before, and for 10 four-week intervals post-disaster versus these intervals in the two previous years. To corroborate regression results, we used time-series analysis. One week after September 11th in NYC, we observed an adjusted odds of 1.44 for births <1,500 g (P = 0.07) and 1.67 for births 1,500-1,999 g (P = 0.01), but a decreased odds of 2,000-2,499 g. We found no immediate change in LBW upstate or preterm in either location. In extended analyses, we found, in both locations, increased odds of <1,500-g births around New Year and 33-36 weeks post-disaster and decreased odds of moderate preterm for several weeks post-disaster. Time-series analyses yielded similar findings. The events of September 11, 2001 in NYC were associated with immediate increases in births <2,000 g, slightly delayed decreased preterm delivery, and delayed increases in LBW among infants exposed periconception or in the first two trimesters. Stress may contribute to observed associations.
Convexity of frequency response arcs associated with a stable polynomial

Associated with a polynomial p(s) and an interval Omega contained in R is a frequency response arc. This arc is obtained by sweeping the frequency omega over Omega and plotting p(j omega ) in the complex plane. It is said that an arc is proper if it does not pass through the origin and if the net phase change of p(j omega ) as omega increases over Omega is no more than 180 degrees. The convexity of all proper frequency response arcs associated with a Hurwitz polynomial is established. The ramifications and extensions of arc convexity are discussed. Of particular interest is the fact that the so-called inner frequency response set is convex. This set consists of all points which can be connected to the origin via a continuous path which does not intersect the plot of p(j omega ) for omega in R. Convexity of the inner frequency response set is shown to lead to an extreme point result for robust stability of a class of feedback systems having a structured unmodeled dynamic in the feedback path. An extension of the arc convexity result for an arbitrary convex root location region D is included. >
The Beirut Branch

In response to the takeover of the American Embassy in Iran in 1979, President Jimmy Carter issued two executive orders freezing assets owned by the Iranian government and by Iranian citizens and held by U.S. financial institutions. The case examines an incident that arose following the implementation of these orders and examines (1) the use of global businesses as instruments of foreign policy; (2) issues of cross-cultural communication and trust; and (3) crisis management. The case may be useful for classes in international business, in negotiation, and in conflict resolution.
Predictors of Views about Punishing Animal Abuse

ABSTRACTThe current study used scenarios of animal cruelty based on actual events to explore what factors predict perceptions of punishments for animal cruelty. Five hundred thirty-eight university undergraduates participated in the study. Participants read scenarios based on an actual event of animal cruelty and with information on statutes addressing animal cruelty in their state. Participants were then asked to give ratings for punishment of the animal cruelty perpetrator. A canonical correlation analysis was used to test the multivariate shared relationship between the set of eight predictor variables and the criterion variable set of 15 punishment ratings. The response distributions were highly skewed for seven of the 15 criterion variables, highlighting the strong sentiments participants expressed against animal cruelty. The canonical correlation analysis identified significant criterion variables that were predicted by two of the empirically manipulated predictor variables (Perpetrator Age and Loca...
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF ZINC OR CALCIUM-ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID COMPLEXES IN CHICKENS.

SummaryCarbon-14 and zinc-65 or cal-cium-45 appeared in the blood perfusing an isolated segment of the small intestines of chickens following placement of EDTA-2-C14 complexed with Zn65 and Ca45 in the lumen. The lumen tended to adsorb the zinc from its complex but not calcium. An efflux of 2.7 μM/hr cm was observed for calcium-45. The values for zinc-65 varied from 0.2-0.6 μM/hr cm.
A New Kolsky Bar Dynamic Spall Technique for Brittle Materials

For many years there have been controversial opinions on the value of dynamic tensile data obtained through the Kolsky bar spall tension technique. This is primarily due to the experimental conditions (i.e., specimen stress state and strain rate) not being well defined for these types of tests, thus making data interpretation and comparisons difficult. In this paper, a new spall theory is presented that ensures constant strain rate deformation while maintaining a uniform tensile stress within a large portion of the specimen. In light of this theoretical framework, pulse shaping was carefully designed to experimentally obtain this solution in Kolsky bar experiments. The incident wave generated under the guideline of the new theory has shown promising results for better refined Kolsky bar spall tension experiments on brittle materials.
GIN: A Clustering Model for Capturing Dual Heterogeneity in Networked Data.

Networked data often consists of interconnected multityped nodes and links. A common assumption behind such heterogeneity is the shared clustering structure. However, existing network clustering approaches oversimplify the heterogeneity by either treating nodes or links in a homogeneous fashion, resulting in massive loss of information. In addition, these studies are more or less restricted to specific network schemas or applications, losing generality. In this paper, we introduce a flexible model to explain the process of forming heterogeneous links based on shared clustering information of heterogeneous nodes. Specifically, we categorize the link generation process into binary and weighted cases and model them respectively. We show these two cases can be seamlessly integrated into a unified model. We propose to maximize a joint log-likelihood function to infer the model efficiently with Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithms. Experiments on real-world networked data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method in fully capturing the dual heterogeneity of both nodes and links.
Options for Preserving the Larynx in Patients with Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer

The introduction of newer surgical and combined-modality approaches to organ preservation in patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer is the most exciting clinical frontier in head and neck cancer treatment today. The use of these techniques at other sites, the exploration of improved methods for patient selection and tumor assessment, and the development of newer combination regimens will need to be rigorously studied in future clinical trials. In all these efforts, the major focus must remain on improving survival. This article reviews the latest developments in organ-preservation strategies and techniques for patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer.
Recruitment and Distribution of Indentured Indians

This chapter analyzes the ways in which indentured Indians were recruited from India to labor on Danish St. Croix. The evidence shows that some indentured signed the labor contract on their own accord while others were duped. However, it is difficult to determine what percentage left of their own free will and how many were forced into contracts. Nevertheless, it is argued that by the 1860s, some of the irregularities in the recruitment, emigration and transportation of indentured Indians from India across the Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Danish St. Croix were remedied, although deceitful practices in the overall indenture labor scheme continued. The chapter also shows where the laborers were distributed on specific locations/plantations on the islands and argues that the location of the laborers determined the intensity of their contracts in terms of their approach, their isolation and their eventual access to the wider society.
The Making of a Canningite

In 1806 Palmerston entered politics against a background of overarching events that would dominate his early public life and bring Britain to the cusp of greatness. Britain had already distinguished herself from other nations as a pioneer in the Industrial Revolution. With the French Revolution’s ideological influence still shaping people’s minds, the British had launched into the second phase of the Napoleonic wars. Although Napoleon’s armies dominated the mainland of Europe, Horatio Nelson’s victory over the Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in October 1805 meant that Britain would command the seas, thus precluding any French invasion across the Channel.
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and prophylactic mastectomy among BRCA mutation “previvors.”

1518 Background: We prospectively evaluated the timing and uptake of risk-reducing surgery in a cohort of female BRCA mutation carriers that have no personal cancer history (“previvors”). Methods: Patients at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer were enrolled between 2007 and 2011 and followed in a high-risk ovarian cancer screening clinic. Women were offered risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and/or prophylactic mastectomy (PM) per guidelines. Their clinical data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 260 BRCA mutation carriers enrolled, 73 have no personal history of cancer and are “previvors.” Patients have been followed for a median of 26.5 months (1-50 months). The median age is 38 years, 81.1% are white, 16.2% are Ashkenazi Jewish, and 79.7% are premenopausal. BRCA1 carriers account for 43.2% of participants and 55.4% have a BRCA2 mutation. The majority of patients (77.6%) presented for ovarian cancer screening <1 year after their BRCA testing. In all, 60.8% o...
Nutritional management of the child with kidney disease

The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of the many factors that impact the nutritional status of infants, children and adolescents with CKD or receiving maintenance dialysis and to provide treatment recommendations. Since the last publication of this chapter in 2004, the National Kidney Foundation – Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Children with CKD: 2008 Update was published in 2009, and included a comprehensive review of the literature and the input of experts in the field. Where appropriate, information derived from those guidelines are incorporated into the text.
Review of next generation sequencing outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

e12558Background: Among patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer in the US, 6-10% will have metastatic disease. With many treatment options to choose from, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology that can potentially guide treatment. However studies on the clinical use of NGS are currently limited. Methods: We identified patients with metastatic breast cancer treated at Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Los Angeles County Medical Center who underwent NGS with FoundationOne, a clinical-grade NGS tool. Medical records were reviewed for genetic findings, tumor type, treatment outcomes and impact of NGS testing. Results: NGS data derived from FoundationOne testing were analyzed in 27 patients tested between 2013 and 2017. The most commonly occurring mutations were TP53 and PIK3 occurring in 29% of tested patients; followed by MYC, CDH1 and CCND1 (26% each). Clinical data were available for 26 patients:18 patients were hormone receptor (HR) positive Her2 negative, 6 were triple negative, one h...
Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide and Photochemical Synthesis of Graphene-Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids by Ketyl Radicals.

The photoreduction of graphene oxide (GO) using ketyl radicals is demonstrated for the first time. The use of photochemical reduction through ketyl radicals generated by I-2959 or (1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one) is interesting because it affords spatial and temporal control of the reduction process. Graphene–metal nanoparticle hybrids of Ag, Au, and Pd were also photochemically fabricated in a one-pot procedure. Comprehensive spectroscopic and imaging techniques were carried out to fully characterize the materials. The nanoparticle hybrids showed promising action for the catalytic degradation of model environmental pollutants, namely, 4-nitrophenol, Rose Bengal, and Methyl Orange. The process described can be extended to polymer nanocomposites that can be photopatterned and could be potentially extended to fabricating plastic electronic devices.
Cost and Health Care Utilization Implications of Bariatric Surgery Versus Intensive Lifestyle and Medical Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the cost and health care utilization of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) randomized into either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery or an intensive lifestyle and medical intervention (ILMI). Methods This analysis (N = 745) is based on 2-year follow-up of a small randomized controlled trial (RCT); adult patients with obesity and T2DM were recruited between 2011 and 2012 from Kaiser Permanente Washington. Comparisons were made for patients randomized into either RYGB (N = 15) or ILMI (N = 17). Results There were no significant cost savings for RYGB versus ILMI patients through the follow-up years. Pharmacy cost was lower for RYGB versus ILMI patients by about $900 in year 2 versus year 0; however, inpatient and emergency room costs were higher for surgery patients in follow-up years relative to year 0. Median total cost for nonrandomized patients was higher in year 0 and in year 2 compared to randomized patients. Conclusions Bariatric surgery is not cost saving in the short term. Moreover, the costs of patients who enter into RCTs of RYGB may differ from the costs of those who do not enter RCTs, suggesting use of caution when using such data to draw inferences about the general population with obesity.
Quantifying and Optimizing Robustness of Bipedal Walking Gaits on Rough Terrain

Legged robots need “good” disturbance rejection to operate reliably in real-world environments, and achieving this goal arguably requires quantifying robustness. In this work, we consider a point-foot biped on variable-height terrain and measure robustness by the expected number of steps before failure. Unlike our previous work, in which we always assumed a fixed set of low-level gait controllers exist and focused on high-level control design, in this work we finally use quantification of robustness to benchmark and optimize a given (low-level) controller itself. Specifically, we study two particular control strategies as case demonstrations. One scheme is the now-familiar hybrid zero dynamics approach and the other is a method using piece-wise reference trajectories with a sliding mode control. This work provides a methodology for optimization of a broad variety of parameterizable gait control strategies and illustrates dramatic increases in robustness due to both gait optimization and choice of control strategy.
Philanthrocapitalism: rendering the public domain obsolete?

AbstractEngaging the lively debates about the next expression of neoliberalism, this study suggests that it is evolving into philanthrocapitalism. After a brief discussion of the trajectories from neoliberalism, the article addresses the core ideology of philanthrocapitalism. The central thesis explores how philanthrocapitalism is moving beyond the requirement of ‘business practices’ for recipients of donor funds, into enforcing ‘business rule’ on to the public domain. Although philanthrocapitalism is most debated in the fields of health care and education, this article uses empirical analysis of international agricultural policies trying to enlist Southern Africa policies. It explores how philanthrocapitalist rule is reducing transparency, participation and deliberation within the public domain, well beyond requesting efficient business practices for greater food security. It concludes with how smallholder farmers are actively organising to resist business rule over their genetic resources and farming pr...
The Accurate Location Estimation of Sensor Node Using Received Signal Strength Measurements in Large-Scale Farmland

The range measurement is the premise for location, and the precise range measurement is the assurance of accurate location. Hence, it is essential to know the accurate internode distance. It is noted that the path loss model plays an important role in improving the quality and reliability of ranging accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the path loss model in actual propagation environment. Through the analysis of experiments performed at the wheat field, we find that the best fitted parametric exponential decay model (OFPEDM) can achieve a higher distance estimation accuracy and adaptability to environment variations in comparison to the traditional path loss models. Based on the proposed OFPEDM, we perform the RSSI-based location experiments in wheat field. Through simulating the location characteristics in MATLAB, we find that for all the unknown nodes, the location errors range from 0.0004 m to 5.1739 m. The location error in this RSSI-based location algorithm is acceptable in the wide areas such as wheat field. The findings in this research may provide reference for location estimation in large-scale farmland.
Comparison of Breast MR Imaging with Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Evaluation

Breast MR imaging and molecular breast imaging (MBI) are functional imaging modalities that can be used to noninvasively evaluate the pathophysiology and biology of breast cancer. In the era of personalized medicine, these imaging techniques give clinicians insight into cancer pathobiology and allows them to individualize treatment regimens. Breast MR imaging has gained acceptance for breast cancer evaluation; work is ongoing on validation of MBI for breast cancer evaluation. This article discusses clinical applications of breast MR imaging and MBI, and compares the performance of these techniques in breast cancer screening, diagnosis, staging, and treatment response evaluation.
Parenteral Anticoagulants: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors and Pentasaccharides

Unfractionated heparin (UFH), while very effective in preventing or treating arterial and venous thromboembolic events, possesses numerous disadvantages. These include a non-specific mechanism of action, high degree of non-specific binding to plasma components, unpredictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, considerable inter- and intra-patient variability, a narrow therapeutic index, need for routine monitoring, and the potential for adverse effects. Additionally, some clinical situations preclude the use of UFH, such as immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). To address many of the drawbacks of heparin, alternative parenteral anticoagulants have been developed. In this chapter, we will discuss two groups of these alternative anticoagulants: pentasaccharides and parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors. Optimized safety and efficacy of these drugs require familiarity with their pharmacology, clinical utility, and practical management.
Thyroid Ultrasound: More Sensitive than Radioactive Iodine Imaging in Detecting Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Two Pediatric Patients

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an uncommon pediatric disease with an excellent prognosis. In follow-up surveillance, neck ultrasound (US), basal and thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and diagnostic whole-body radioactive iodine scans (DxWBS) have been traditionally used in both adults and children for the detection of recurrence or metastases of PTC. Methods: Two pediatric patients with metastatic PTC were followed after standard ablative treatment with routine neck US and serum Tg levels, as well as periodic DxWBS. Results: Neck US identified recurrent and metastatic PTC which DxWBS failed to detect. Conclusion: Neck US was superior to DxWBS in the detection of recurrent PTC in these 2 pediatric patients. These findings are consistent with the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines that neck US is an ideal imaging modality in pediatric patients for the surveillance of PTC local recurrence or lymph node metastases.
Reducing Power Side-Channel Information Leakage of AES Engines Using Fully Integrated Inductive Voltage Regulator

This paper demonstrates an integrated inductive voltage regulator (IVR) for improving power side-channel-attack (PSCA) resistance of 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128) engines. An inductive IVR is shown to transform the current signatures generated by an encryption engine. Furthermore, an all-digital circuit block, referred to as the loop-randomizer, is introduced to randomize the IVR transformations. A 130-nm test-chip with an inductive IVR with 11.6-nH inductance, 3.2-nF capacitance, and 125-MHz switching frequency is used to drive two different architectures of AES-128 engine: high performance and low power. The measurements demonstrate that the IVR with loop randomizer eliminates information leakage while incurring only 3% overhead in performance and 5% overhead in power over a baseline IVR-AES system. Moreover, while a key-byte can be extracted for the standalone high-performance and low-power AES (LP-AES) with only 5000 and 1000 measurements, respectively, the proposed IVR inhibits key extraction even with 500 000 measurements.
ANTIBODY INDUCED SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS

ABSTRACT Perinatal exposure of SJL male x BALB/c female hybrids to antibody to the paternal (Ig-1b) immunoglobulin allotype specifically suppresses Ig-1b production as the animals age. A suppressor T-cell found in all lymphoid tissues including bone marrow, is responsible for the suppression. About half the exposed animals become completely suppressed (chronically suppressed). Many others are partially suppressed. Chronically suppressed mice, by definition, have no Ig-1b in circulation and no Ig-1b producing cells in spleen. Nevertheless, many have normal numbers of splenic lymphocytes with membrane bound Ig-1b (committed precursors). When spleen from normal (SJL × BALB/c)F1 donors is mixed with lymphoid cells from chronically suppressed syngeneic donors and transferred to irradiated (600R) BALB/c mice, production of total serum Ig-1b is suppressed. In similar mixture-transfers with DNP-primed normal donors the Ig-1b anti DNP PFC response is suppressed. There is an apparent antagonism between suppressor T-cells and cooperator T-cells in the anti DNP response. In a three cell system in which a constant number of hapten (DNP-KLH) primed normal spleen cells is transferred together with both carrier (ovalbumin) primed normal spleen and unprimed suppressed spleen, suppression is reversed either by lowering the number of cooperators or increasing the number of suppressors. The relationship of this antagonism with respect to the extent of suppression in animals exposed to maternal antiallotype serum is discussed.
Histologic Parameters Predictive of Mycobacterial Infection

Tissue specimens from a wide variety of anatomic locations are frequently examined for mycobacteria using a combination of cultures and special stains. Auramine-rhodamine (AR) staining is a sensitive method for detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue sections. We reviewed 85 AR-positive and 275 randomly selected AR-negative biopsy specimens collected during the past 2 years at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Pathologic diagnoses and culture results were also reviewed. Biopsy specimens containing necrotizing granulomas yielded the highest positivity rate for AFB (61 [47.7%]), followed by nonnecrotizing granulomas (14 [17.7%]). Poorly formed granulomas (5 [16.1%]) and acute inflammation (5 [15.6%]) were less frequently positive. Cases with fibrotic or hyalinized granulomas, nonspecific chronic inflammation, nonspecific reactive or reparative changes, no significant histologic abnormality, or malignancy failed to disclose AFB. These specimens, which were consistently negative for AFB, were responsible for 25% of the samples submitted. Of the 360 tissue specimens submitted, 166 had a corresponding mycobacterial culture. Mycobacteria were cultured only from the biopsy specimens that contained necrotizing granulomas (38.2%), nonnecrotizing granulomas (32.4%), poorly formed granulomas (30.0%), or acute inflammation (15.8%). Tissues with fibrotic or hyalinized granulomas, nonspecific chronic inflammation, nonspecific reactive or reparative changes, no significant histologic abnormality, or malignancy failed to yield positive cultures. These data suggest that biopsy specimens with these latter diagnoses are inappropriate specimens for mycobacterial culture or AR staining.
Did Fortune Tellers See this Coming? Spiritual Counseling, Professional Speech, and the First Amendment

Spiritual counseling practices, long viewed with suspicion and subject to widespread bans at the state and local level, have only recently been examined in the context of First Amendment rights. While challenges to spiritual counseling bans on free speech grounds have been successful, burdens on the speech — such as licensing fees — remain pervasive. Although very little case law exists, a 2013 Fourth Circuit case upheld a flat tax levied on spiritual counselors in Chesterfield County, Virginia. The court found that spiritual counselors engage in professional speech, which allows for “reasonable regulation” under the First Amendment. This Comment explores the First Amendment issues implicated by the regulation of spiritual counselors, and argues that the attempt to categorize the activities of spiritual counselors as ‘professional speech’ is a misapplication of the doctrine. Spiritual counselors are far more similar to religious counselors, who are not subject to regulation under the professional speech doctrine, than to secular counselors such as lawyers, where a professional set of standards exist. The belief systems and practices of those who consider themselves to be spiritual counselors are broad, varied, and typically grounded in supernatural claims, much like traditional religious practices. Since spiritual counseling does not fall under the professional speech doctrine, this Comment argues that attempts to regulate spiritual counseling practices should be subject to strict scrutiny. While states and localities have a valid interest in protecting consumers from fraudulent spiritual counseling, they cannot protect from fraud that cannot be proven, and when it can be proven, fraud and unfair trade practices statutes exist to punish wrongdoers. This approach is the most narrowly tailored way to properly balance the state’s interest with the First Amendment rights of spiritual counselors. The counselors’ beliefs and the manner in which they share them may be dubious to some, but unless it can be proven that the spiritual counselor intended to defraud, their speech, like any other religious or spiritual claims, deserves the highest level of speech protection.
Renumbering Rows and Columns of an Array (RENUMB)

This chapter presents an algorithm RENUMB that renumbers rows and columns of an array. It presents a supposition as per which for a given m × n matrix A and two permutations, the rows and columns of A are to be remembered in accordance with the given permutations. The chapter discusses a procedure which involves first permuting the rows of A according to n , then permuting the columns by τ. This could easily be programmed to use no extra arrays; however, the disadvantage of this procedure is that each element gets moved twice. Another procedure involves factoring the given permutations as products of transpositions and then carrying out the successive interchanges of rows or of columns. In this approach, each element is moved several times. The chapter also presents sample output for RENUMB.
“No Direction Home”: The Itinerant Life of Edgar Poe

This chapter takes a broad view of Poe places. While it has never been adequately foregrounded by biographers, Poe’s itinerancy might well be the key to understanding his tumultuous life and, to a great extent, his work. In childhood and adolescence, Poe had little or no choice in the matter of relocations; as an adult, he was motivated primarily by poverty, literary ambition, and concern for his wife’s health. Drawing on geographer Yi-Fu Tuan’s axes of “cosmos” and “hearth,” this chapter posits Poe as a cosmopolitan less by choice than by lifelong circumstance. Not surprisingly, then, Poe’s tales, when they depict “home” at all, often counter Antebellum ideals of domestic tranquillity.
Improper Labeling of Fish Sold as Sushi in Central Ohio (P04-036-19)

Objectives Sushi has become a very popular style of food in many regions of the United States, including Ohio. Recent reports of inconsistent or improper labeling of fish sold in other countries has led this group to ask whether such mislabeling occurs locally as well, especially in fish sold at sushi restaurants far from their coastal ports of entry.
Competing magnetic phases and itinerant magnetic frustration in SrCo 2 As 2

Whereas magnetic frustration is typically associated with local-moment magnets in special geometric arrangements, here we show that ${\mathrm{SrCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ is a candidate for frustrated itinerant magnetism. Using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), we find that antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuations develop in the square Co layers of ${\mathrm{SrCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ below $T\ensuremath{\approx}100$ K centered at the stripe-type AF propagation vector of $(\frac{1}{2},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2})$, and that their development is concomitant with a suppression of the uniform magnetic susceptibility determined via magnetization measurements. We interpret this switch in spectral weight as signaling a temperature-induced crossover from an instability toward ferromagnetism ordering to an instability toward stripe-type AF ordering on cooling, and show results from Monte-Carlo simulations for a ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model that illustrates how the crossover develops as a function of the frustration ratio $\ensuremath{-}{J}_{1}/(2{J}_{2})$. By putting our INS data on an absolute scale, we quantitatively compare them and our magnetization data to exact-diagonalization calculations for the ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ model [N. Shannon et al., Eur. Phys. J. B 38, 599 (2004).], and show that the calculations predict a lower level of magnetic frustration than indicated by experiment. We trace this discrepancy to the large energy scale of the fluctuations (${J}_{\text{avg}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}75$ meV), which, in addition to the steep dispersion, is more characteristic of itinerant magnetism.
28GHz Through Glass Via (TGV) Based Band Pass Filter Using Through Fused Silica Via (TFV) Technology

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a band pass filter with a center frequency of 28 GHz using a Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) architecture on a smooth and thin fused silica substrate for the reduction of insertion loss. Filter properties are implemented by using a single complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) structure. High out-of-band attenuation is achieved by using four spur line structures embedded in the microstrip feed line, which contributes to overall size reduction of the device. Design is simulated using high frequency structural simulator (HFSS). Devices are fabricated using laser machining and microfabrication. The measured insertion loss is 3dB and the total area of the device is 5.719 mm^2.
Influence of Social Media Emotional Word of Mouth on Institutional Investors’ Decisions and Firm Value

This paper examines how customer sentiment expressed through social media influences institutional investors’ investment decisions and firm value. We use psychology theory to classify the emotional...
Essentialist Plenitude and the Semantics of Proper Names

A number of prominent metaphysicians have recently defended a set of ideas which I will call ‘essentialist plenitude.’ Very roughly, and to a first approximation, essentialist plenitude says that wherever there is an object with properties P1, …, Pn there is in fact a plenitude of coincident objects that differ only in the distribution of essentiality and accidentality across P1, …, Pn (§1). The main purpose of this paper is to arouse the suspicion that essentialist plenitude may have far-reaching consequences for the semantics of proper names. More specifically, I will argue that neither descriptivist nor causal theories of proper names work in a plenitude setting (§2). I will close by suggesting that our use of proper names may be thoroughly infected by semantic indecision about which among many coincident objects is referred to (§3).
Application of environmental DNA metabarcoding to spatiotemporal finfish community assessment in a temperate embayment

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was used to characterize finfish communities in the nearshore estuarine environment. Monthly sampling was conducted June - August 2017 at two sites with structured habitats: a natural rock reef and a shellfish aquaculture farm within the same coastal embayment of Long Island Sound, CT, USA. Seventeen common and 25 rare finfish taxa were detected using eDNA metabarcoding. Incomplete status of reference sequence databases for finfish species was identified as a methodological challenge. Confidence in molecular identification was improved appreciably through the use of publicly-available data obtained from local trawling and seining surveys. Comparison between eDNA metabarcoding and trawling surveys on 6/27/2017, the only day when both data types were available, revealed more finfish species detected by eDNA metabarcoding. The high sensitivity of eDNA metabarcoding detected finfish species rarely observed in traditional surveys and showed the potential for this methodology to augment existing literature for finfish species distribution patterns and invasive species detection. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) analysis of finfish communities achieved a low-stress, 2D solution, and revealed greater variation between samples collected from different months than samples collected from the two habitats. Similarly, permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) found both month and the interaction term (month x site) significant, with the latter identifying site as significant only in July and August. Different finfish assemblages were significantly associated with each axis, axes representing temporal and spatial variations, respectively. Additionally, polycarbonate and nylon filters were compared to optimize the sampling method; finfish communities retrieved using the 2 types of filters were statistically indistinguishable by NMS analysis, although the filtration time for nylon filters was shorter. If the objective is to detect rare species, nylon filters are recommended over polycarbonate filters because of higher capture rates of rare taxa. Our study demonstrates the potential for applying eDNA metabarcoding as a stand-alone method to conduct finfish surveys with high sensitivity.
Shifting the Learning of Engineering Mechanics and Dynamics Paradigm from Hands-On Experiments to Mobile Virtual Labs

Mobile learning and virtual labs are becoming increasingly popular in many fields especially in STEM education. Along with limited funding and resources, the advancement of technology, and instantaneous knowledge and information sharing, minimizing the gap between experimental hands-on practices and virtual experimentations becomes imminent. This study aims to create, test, and evaluate the adaption of virtual lab modules and ultimately implement them in courses that are taught in the civil engineering field such as Statics, Dynamics, and Mechanics Lab. Students will explore open web resources such as Qdex (Qdex is an eLearning mobile platform for STEM education) to develop different experiments and concepts taught in the classroom. The collected data will be assessed and analyzed to determine the differences between hands-on methods and the use of virtual labs for ten experiments taught in the dynamic’s lab. The results will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both means of learning and best practices will be recommended for future implementation. This study will help in elevating the understanding level of the basic knowledge and concepts of mechanics and dynamics theories and their applications in the field of civil engineering. Also, it will provide learners with an alternative learning method to explore and learn different scenarios and theories at their own pace and time. Finally, it will provide an alternative mean of the traditional hands-on method of performing experimentations with less cost and risks and increased safety. This paper will focus on the methodology and development of two out of ten experiments using mobile-virtual labs.
What Did We Learn About VADs in 2014

The field of mechanical circulatory support is evolving rapidly and new data are published at a rate that can be overwhelming. In this review, we summarized some of the publications from 2014 that we think are particularly important. We have also included a few selected papers from the end of 2013 and the very beginning of 2015. Some of this overlap reflects the inevitable delay between online and paper publications.
1H NMR Spectroscopy Guided-Inquiry Activity Using the NMR Spectrometer: Incorporating Student-Generated Videos to Assess Learning

A 2-week hands-on activity is described in which introductory organic chemistry students prepare, obtain, and analyze 1H NMR spectra of known organic compounds to draw conclusions on multiplicity, ...
Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Slope: Leveraging an Intrinsic Approach

This paper leverages an intrinsic approach to the conception of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) to show how it can be used to examine teachers’ MKT. In this qualitative study, I interview...
Autism Adversely Affects Auditory Joint Engagement During Parent–toddler Interactions

This study documents the early adverse effects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on auditory joint engagement-the sharing of sounds during interactions. A total of 141 toddlers (49 typically developing [TD], 46 with ASD, and 46 with non-ASD developmental disorders [DD]; average age 22.6 months) were observed during a semi-naturalistic play session with a parent. Reactions to four types of sounds-speech about the child, instrumental music, animal calls, and mechanical noises-were observed before and as parents tried to scaffold joint engagement with the sound. Toddlers with ASD usually appeared aware of a new sound, often alerting to and orienting toward it. But compared to TD toddlers and toddlers with DD, they alerted and oriented less often to speech, a difference not found with the other sounds. Furthermore, toddlers with ASD were far less likely to spontaneously try to share the sound with the parents and to engage with the parent and the sound when parents tried to share it with them. These findings reveal how ASD can have significant effects on shared experiences with nonvisible targets in the environment that attract toddlers' attention. Future studies should address the association between auditory joint engagement difficulties and variations in multimodal joint engagement, sensory profiles, and ASD severity and the reciprocal influence over time of auditory joint engagement experience and language development. LAY SUMMARY: Like most toddlers, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder often alert when they hear sounds like a cat's meow or a train's rumble. But they are less likely to alert when they hear their own name, and they are far less likely to share new sounds with their parents. These findings raise important questions about how toddlers with autism spectrum disorder experience their everyday auditory world, including how they share it with parents who can enrich this experience.
Comparison of recent speciated PM2.5 data from collocated CSN and IMPROVE measurements

Abstract As long-term speciated PM2.5 monitoring programs, the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) were designed with different objectives but apply similar analytical methods to 24hr filter samples and report many of the same species. The two networks have different operating structures, sampling practices, analytical methods, analytical facilities, and data handling and validation practices, which require attention when data from the two networks are combined in an analysis. Data from collocated CSN and IMPROVE sites from January 1, 2016 through September 30, 2018 are presented to document the comparability between the networks. While species measured well above the method detection limit (MDL) generally agree well during this period, there is evidence of some inter-network bias for fine-soil-related elements at specific locations, as well as subtle biases for some well-measured species. Many species – particularly for CSN – are measured at or near the MDL and have poor inter- and intra-network collocated agreement; caution should be used when advancing findings on such measurements. However, comparison of reconstructed mass shows good inter-network agreement suggesting that the networks are effective at quantifying predominant mass species.
Assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of red algae (Rhodophyta) from the north coast of Tunisia

Red seaweeds are a rich source of compounds with various bioactive properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifouling, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities. In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of twelve red macroalgae collected from the Tunisian coast were examined. Estimated total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents in methanolic extracts were found to vary among species. Gracilaria gracilis presented the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (19.2 ± 1.88 mg GAE/g dried biomass), Laurencia obtusa showed the highest tannin content (18.95 ± 0.84 mg ECat/g DB), and Sphaerococcus cornopifolius showed the highest flavonoid content (7.17 ± 0 mg ECat/g DB). Six species showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activities and total antioxidant capacities: Asparagopsis armata, Gracilaria gracilis, Hypnea musciformis, Laurencia obtusa, Pterocladiella capillacea, and Sphaerococcus cornopifolius. Antimicrobial activity was observed for five species. This study therefore highlights the potential use of red seaweed species collected from the Tunisian coast as sources of bioactive compounds.
A Variational Approximation for Analyzing the Dynamics of Panel data

Panel data involving longitudinal measurements of the same set of participants or entities taken over multiple time points is common in studies to understand early childhood development and disease modeling. Deep hybrid models that marry the predictive power of neural networks with physical simulators such as differential equations, are starting to drive advances in such applications. The task of modeling not just the observations/data but the hidden dynamics that are captured by the measurements poses interesting statistical/computational questions. We propose a probabilistic model called ME-NODE to incorporate (fixed + random) mixed effects for analyzing such panel data. We show that our model can be derived using smooth approximations of SDEs provided by the Wong-Zakai theorem. We then derive Evidence Based Lower Bounds for ME-NODE, and develop (efficient) training algorithms using MC based sampling methods and numerical ODE solvers. We demonstrate ME-NODE's utility on tasks spanning the spectrum from simulations and toy datasets to real longitudinal 3D imaging data from an Alzheimer's disease (AD) study, and study the performance for accuracy of reconstruction for interpolation, uncertainty estimates and personalized prediction.
Evaluation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) in a Recreational Video Game Playing Population

The Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) identifies four personality dimensions related to reinforcement-specific patterns of substance use. Gaming literature has identified similar personalities and game-related reinforcement properties as core risk factors of problematic play. Given similarities, we investigated whether the SURPS model could be confirmed in a recreational video game playing population as a predictive model of problematic gaming. We recruited participants through gaming forums and Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an online survey that focused on the SURPS and indicators of problematic gaming. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the SURPS is a valid instrument measuring four distinct personality dimensions with minor modifications. Regression analyses did not confirm all four at-risk personality dimensions as predictors of problematic play. The Impulsive personality was a significant predictor of lifetime frequency and problematic gaming, whereas the Hopelessness personality was a significant predictor of time spent playing. Future studies will need to assess this model using outcome variables grouped based on reinforcement-related gaming taxonomy.
The value of official equality: structuring the execution of democratic law

The executive branch is often conceptualised as a hierarchy in which one official has ultimate authority to carry out the law. In American public law, this is referred to as the ‘unitary’ theory of...