cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pilot survey of prescription opioid use patterns and engagement with harm-reduction strategies in emergency department patients

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing an opioid epidemic. The aim of this pilot study was to describe patterns of prescription opioid medication (POM) use, examine factors associated with opioid misuse and overdose, and assess knowledge of take-home naloxone, and other harm-reduction strategies as well as participation in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among emergency department (ED) patients that have been prescribed opioid medications. Methods This was a pilot survey of a convenience sample of adult ED patients with a past opioid prescription at one urban tertiary care hospital. The survey asked participants about patterns of opioid consumption, risk factors associated with opioid misuse, and knowledge of harm-reduction strategies. The survey tool consisted of mixed open- and closed-ended questions. Reported daily POM consumption was converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MME). Responses to survey questions were compared with daily MME in order to generate hypotheses for future research. Results 50 individuals completed a survey. Of these, 56% reported taking opioids daily, and 24% reported greater than 100 MME daily opioid consumption. Many subjects reported history of psychiatric illness (34%) and previous substance abuse treatment (24%). The majority of patients (66%) were not aware of take-home naloxone programs to treat opioid overdose. Conclusions In this pilot survey of ED patients with a pain-related chief complaint, many respondents reported risk factors for opioid misuse, and the majority of participants were unaware of the existence of important harm-reduction strategies, such as take-home naloxone programs, even among those with the highest daily POM use.
The Road Not Taken: Failure to Protect from Atrocity Crimes in Myanmar

In 2005, more than 150 heads of State and government pledged that the world must never witness another Rwanda. They accepted the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) both their own populations, and those of other States from atrocity crimes. Yet, in late August 2017, thousands of Rohingya had to flee from the alleged genocide taking place in their home, northern Rakhine in Myanmar. The international community, equipped with a toolbox developed and refined over the past 12 years, does nothing more than politely asking Myanmar to stop. This begs the question: to what extent can the Responsibility to Protect doctrine be used to save the Rohingya from atrocities committed against them? This article explores the potential application of the R2P in the context of Myanmar by exploring the root causes of the alleged genocide, the legal status of the R2P and various options open to the international community to protect the Rohingya. The case is made that applying the R2P – in its current shape and form – would be in the best interest of the Rohingya. After all, the international community cannot stand by in the wake of another mass atrocity.
Intersectionality and the Environment

Given the breadth, depth, and duration of prominent developments in intersectionality scholarship and its relevance to themes of environmental inequality, it is encouraging that intersectional analyses are becoming more widely used by environmental sociologists. Over the past several decades, rich empirical work has demonstrated the connections between social inequalities and ecological degradation, making clear the importance of analyzing environmental problems through an intersectional lens (e.g., Bullard, 1990; Mohai et al., 2009; Morello-Frosch & Lopez, 2006; Pellow, 2018). Although intersectionality research did not originally center on human-and-environment relations, in recent years, scholars have begun to weave together environmental justice and gender-and-environment frameworks to create deeply intersectional socioecological theory (Gaard, 2017; Malin & Ryder, 2018; Pellow, 2018). Taken together, this diverse body of work illustrates the myriad ways in which social location, privilege, and disadvantage intersect to create very different effects on and experiences of the natural environment within society.
Chapter 14 The Padé Approximant in the Nucleon-Nucleon System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of the Pade approximant in the nucleon-nucleon system (N–N scattering). N–N scattering is an area of strong interactions of great value for the testing of models of strong interaction dynamics. This is because of the existence of great amounts of experimental data conveniently expressed in the form of phase shifts. In addition to the usual elementary considerations for scattering, N-N scattering requires inclusion of the Pauli principle and an account of the spin of the nucleons. The diagonal Pade approximants are exactly unitary and poles appear in a very natural manner so as potentially to represent bound states and resonances. This leads to the application of the technique of the Pade approximant to N-N scattering. The greatest single contribution to the theory of N–N scattering came from Yukawa in the suggestion that particle exchange is the mechanism of the interaction.
A comparative study of the concept of atonement in the Aboakyer festival of the Effutu tribe in Ghana and the Yom Kippur festival of the Old Testament: Implications for adventist missions among the Effutu

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT OF ATONEMENT IN THE ABOAKYER FESTIVAL OF THE EFFUTU TRIBE IN GHANA AND THE YOM KIPPUR FESTIVAL OF THE OLD TESTAMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR ADVENTIST MISSION AMONG THE EFFUTU
Quick-Key: The Latest Step in Hand-Scoring Exams.

(1986). Quick-Key: The Latest Step in Hand-Scoring Exams. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 249-251.
Geolocation using TOA, FOA, and altitude information at singular geometries

We discuss singularities that arise when geolocating an radio frequency (RF) emitter using time-of-arrival (TOA) and altitude (ALT) information. When TOA is measured at only three satellites, it has been found that the system regularly passes through singularities where the errors predicted through linearization go to infinity. We derive the conditions for such a system to be singular and show that it is generic in a one-parameter family of problems and, hence, likely that we will encounter this singularity as time varies. We give a simple heuristic argument to show that when the system passes through the singularity, the actual solution errors do not go to infinity and are proportional to the square root of the noise, rather than linear in the noise, as predicted by linearization. Although the errors are much larger than in the nonsingular case, they are not as large as predicted by the linear analysis. We show that errors near the singularity can be reduced by including frequency of arrival (FOA) information. This gives an overdetermined system of nonlinear equations.We evaluate several techniques for finding good initial guesses to start Gauss-Newton, which gives the minimum variance solution. We show that several of the initialization schemes can perform as well as beginning the iterations with the true device location. We also analyze FOA system singularities and discuss the complementary problem of augmenting a singular FOA-ALT solution with TOA data. We note that the principles discussed could apply to satellite navigation, but those systems usually have more than three satellites in view.
The NASA Astrophysics Data System.

The goal of the Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Program, sponsored by the Astrophysics Division of NASA, is to provide astronomers with easy access to astrophysical data and analysis capabilities without regard to the location or sub-discipline orientation of the user, the data, or the processing tools involved.
Timing the origin and expansion of the Mexican tropical dry forest

Macroevolution examines the temporal patterns of biological diversity in deep time. When combined with biogeography, it can provide unique information about the historical changes in the distribution of communities and biomes. Here I document temporal and spatial changes of diversity in the genus Bursera and relate them to the origin and expansion of the tropical dry forests of Mexico. Bursera is very old, highly adapted to warm dry conditions, and a dominant member of the Mexican tropical dry forest. These characteristics make it a useful indicator of the history of this vegetation. I used a time-calibrated phylogeny to estimate Bursera's diversification rate at different times over the last 60 million years. I also reconstructed the geographic center and time of origin of all species and nodes from information on current distributions. Results show that between 30 and 20 million years ago, Bursera began a relatively rapid diversification. This suggests that conditions were favorable for its radiation and thus, very probably for the establishment of the dry forest as well. The oldest lineages diverged mostly in Western Mexico, whereas the more recent lineages diverged in the south-central part of the country. This suggests that the tropical dry forest probably first established in the west and then expanded south and east. The timing of the radiations in these areas corresponds to that suggested for formations of the mountainous systems in Western and Central Mexico, which have been previously recognized as critical for the persistence of the Mexican dry forest.
Test-bed of pulsed radio frequency (RF) signal used with a diode made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

This paper presents testing of a CNT diode consisting of a cathode formed by CNTs and an anode placed at a distance from the CNTs. The diode is biased to a desired supply voltage below the self-turn-on voltage and an external pulsed RF signal, received by the diode, initiates the field emission from the CNTs (cathode). Then, the forward-bias current is recorded as the indication of the detected signal. The system under test includes passive elements, such as a capacitor used as a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag, in between a transmit (TX.) / receive (RX.) antenna pair. A pulse generator sends out a relatively square nanosecond pulse to the transmit antenna. The RFID tag incorporates a circuit with a diode and the current is measured with a Pearson coil. The data captured is then analyzed for testing purposes.
A carboxy-terminal deletion mutant of Notch1 accelerates lymphoid oncogenesis in E2A-PBX1 transgenic mice

PBX1 is a proto-oncogene that plays important roles in pattern formation during development. It was discovered as a fusion with the E2A gene after chromosomal translocations in a subset of acute leukemias. The resulting E2a-Pbx1 chimeric proteins display potent oncogenic properties that appear to require dimerization with Hox DNA binding partners. To define molecular pathways that may be impacted by E2a-Pbx1, a genetic screen consisting of neonatal retroviral infection was used to identify genes that accelerate development of T-cell tumors in E2A-PBX1 transgenic mice. Retroviral insertions in the Notch1 gene were observed in 88% of tumors arising with a shortened latency. Among these, approximately half created a NotchIC allele, encoding the intracellular, signaling portion of Notch1 , suggesting a synergistic interaction between the Notch and E2a-Pbx1 pathways in oncogenesis. The remaining proviral insertions involving Notch1 occurred in a more 3′ exon, resulting in truncating mutations that deleted the carboxy-terminal region of Notch1 containing negative regulatory sequences ( Notch1ΔC ). In contrast to NotchIC , forced expression of Notch1ΔC in transgenic mice did not perturb thymocyte growth or differentiation. However, mice transgenic for both the E2A-PBX1 and Notch1ΔC genes displayed a substantially shortened latency for tumor development compared with E2A-PBX1 single transgenic mice. These studies reveal a novel mechanism for oncogenic activation of Notch1 and demonstrate a collaborative relationship between 2 cellular oncogenes that also contribute to cell fate determination during embryonic development.
Group transfer initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by [((C6H5)3P)2N]+HF 2−

Experments are reported on the group transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate using a new bifluoride salt, bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium hydrogendifluoride1 [((C6H5)3P)2N]+HF, as catalyst. Good molecular weight control was observed although a small deviation from the expected value was found. Side reactions of catalyst with initiator, and termination (cyclization) of the active centres at low monomer concentrations were investigated. The similarities between this method and classical anionic polymerization are discussed.
Thoracic Radiculopathy Following Spinal Cord Stimulator Placement: Case Series

Objective The clinical entity of thoracic radiculopathy following spinal cord stimulator (SCS) placement has not been previously described. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of prospectively acquired data on 172 patients, having undergone thoracic SCS placement at our institution, was performed. In addition, four patients were implanted at outside institutions, and were referred for revision. We examine our early experience with placement of thoracic SCS in surgically treated patients with chronic pain and 15 associated specific postoperative radicular pain complications along respective thoracic dermatomes. We postulate that preexisting thoracic spinal pathology affords less compliance in the placement of larger paddles, and subsequent radicular pain in a band-like abdominal fashion. Results A syndrome of thoracic radiculopathy, presenting as intractable lower thoracic or abdominal wall pain occurring in the immediate postoperative period, was identified in 15 patients. These patients subsequently underwent revision surgery, with either a more extensive laminectomy to further decompress the dorsal nerve roots or lead removal, both of which resulted in near immediate relief of symptoms. Conclusions Thoracic radiculopathy may occur following SCS paddle lead placement. This clinical syndrome is characterized by its immediate postoperative development, band-like thoracic or abdominal pain pattern, severe pain that both overwhelms the incisional pain and is refractory to medications, and absence of motor deficit. The lateral placement of paddle leads increases the risk of radicular symptoms. Preoperative thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in identifying patients who may be susceptible to this syndrome.
Solar Zoning and Energy in Detached Dwellings

The solar envelope is a three-dimensional volume on a building site which will not shade adjacent neighbors during a specified minimum of hours each day. The solar envelope was developed as a tool to give buildings in an urban setting the mutual opportunity to employ passive and active solar-design strategies. Parametric computer-aided-design environments significantly ease the construction and visualization of solar envelopes across whole neighborhoods, facilitating its wider use as a prescriptive zoning tool. This study investigates the implications of a solar-envelope zoning approach for the most common building type in the United States with respect to energy use and developable density. The results indicate that solar zoning for this building type has a limited, and sometimes negative effect on energy use as well as a larger negative impact on developable density.
The management of federal research programs: Part I — Variations in techniques

Two hundred and fifteen (215) managers of basic and applied research programs in the federal government responded to a survey about how they carry out various functions related to research program management (e.g., identifying objectives, planning, evaluating). Analysis of the responses showed only weak relationships between variables that might be thought to influence the techniques used to manage these programs (e.g., diciplinary area of the research and whether the program was characterized as conducting basic or applied research) and the way in which the programs are actually managed. The agency in which the program is located does appear to have a major influence on management style.
The zonation patterns of Caribbean coral reefs as controlled by wave and light energy input, bathymetric setting and reef morphology: computer simulation experiments

The computer model COREEF was used to simulate variations in the zonation patterns of Caribbean reefs in relation to parameters that affect the magnitude and distribution of wave and light energy. We first developed a simulated standard reef by exposing a simplified profile of the reef at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, to the known wave and light energy conditions to establish a reference coralgal and sedimentological zonation pattern. We then varied 13 parameters related to the wave and light energy input, bathymetric setting, and gross morphology of this reef to determine the effects of each parameter on the zonation pattern. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that submerging the reef or altering the wave or light energy input to the reef produces the greatest modifications of the zonation pattern. Morphological structures that alter a reef's horizontal dimensions only minimally affect the zonation pattern, but those structures that alter a reef's vertical dimensions-particularly steep-sided, wave reflecting structures-can significantly modify the zonation of the structure itself and that of more leeward areas. The more seaward the location of a morphological structure, the more profoundly it can affect the overall reef zonation. If waves break at the reef crest, wave energy conditions in the back reef are greatly reduced and the bottom consists of lower wave energy zones than those found at the same depths in the fore reef. If waves do not break at the crest, the back reef is subjected to almost the same wave conditions that exist in the fore reef, and the zones tend to be similar. The zonation patterns of some existing reefs resemble those of our simulated reefs, but other zonation patterns cannot be reproduced accurately because our simulation experiments do not consider the interactions between multiple parameters found on many existing reefs.
Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from the rat caudate nucleus: regulation by guanyl nucleotides and the interaction of magnesium and magnesium ATP.

— An adenylate cyclase present in the caudate nucleus of the rat brain, which is selectively stimulated by low concentrations of dopamine and which is believed to mediate dopaminergic synaptic transmission has been characterized with respect to interactions with guanyl nucleotides and magnesium ions. The addition of GTP (10−5 M) or GMPPNP (10−5 M) did not alter the linear increase in cyclic AMP as a function of time in the presence and absence of dopamine. GTP did, however, inhibit basal adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of the caudate but the dopamine-stimulated enzyme activity was not affected, thus increasing the percent stimulation produced by dopamine. This ability of GTP to increase responsiveness to dopamine was not dependent on the level of added Mg2+ in the assay medium. Conversely, GMPPNP (10−5 M) markedly lowered the basal as well as the dopamine stimulated activity as a function of magnesium in the caudate. These results suggest an important role for GTP and Mg2+ in the regulation of caudate adenylate cyclase and its activation by dopamine. In homogenates of the cortex the most dramatic effect of GTP and GMPPNP was on the potentiation of the norepinephrine effect. The guanyl nucleotides studied in the cortex did not have the inhibitory effect on basal enzyme activity as observed in homogenates of the caudate. Interactions between Mg2+ and MgATP2- and the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from the rat caudate nucleus have also been studied. The data are consistent with a bireactant sequential mechanism where Mg2+ is a required activator and free ATP4 is not a significant inhibitor of the reaction. The data show that dopamine lowered the apparent Km for free Mg2+ about 2-fold without significantly changing the Vmax. GTP and GMPPNP did not alter the apparent Km for Mg2+ but did lower the Vmax both in the presence and absence of dopamine. GMPPNP was more potent than GTP in producing these effects in the striatal enzyme. The data presented herein implicate an important role for guanyl nucleotides and Mg2+ in the regulation of brain adenylate cyclase and its activation by various neurotransmitters. Furthermore, the results also suggest that although the role for guanyl nucleotides may be equally important in various areas of the brain, the mechanisms of action of guanyl nucleotides in these areas may differ.
Long-Term Follow-up of Repair of External Nasal Deformities in Patients With Wegener's Granulomatosis

Objective Wegener's granulomatosis is a disorder of the upper airway, lungs, and kidneys characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis. One common result of Wegener's granulomatosis is destruction of the framework of the nose, resulting in a saddle-nose deformity. The study was initiated to determine the efficacy and safety of reconstructing external nasal deformities in these patients. Study Design A retrospective review. Methods We searched for all patients with Wegener's granulomatosis who underwent an external nasal reconstruction between the years of 1976 and 2000. Results Thirteen patients met the search criteria. The average duration of follow-up is 59 months (range, 10–177 mo). The initial surgery resulted in a satisfactory outcome in 10 of 13 patients (77%). Two of the patients who failed the primary surgery underwent successful revision rhinoplasty, and one chose not to undergo revision surgery. This resulted in a 92% (12 of 13) overall patient success rate. Ten of the 13 patients had an improvement in their nasal airway postoperatively, and the remaining three had no mention of postoperative airway in the record. The postoperative airway was not made worse in any of the patients operated on in the series. All of the patients had reconstruction when their Wegener's granulomatosis was in remission. Twelve of the 13 patients with an external deformity had a saddle-nose defect. The remaining deformity was a defect of the alar rim. Sixteen surgeries were preformed in total (15 dorsal repairs [12 primary, 3 revisions] and 1 alar rim repair). The most common graft materials used in the reconstruction of the dorsal deformities were costal cartilage (40% [6 of 15]) and calvarial bone (27% [4 of 15]). The remaining dorsal defects were repaired with irradiated rib (1 of 15), irradiated dura (1 of 15), conchal cartilage (1 of 15), iliac crest (1 of 15), and bony septum (1 of 15). The alar rim defect was repaired using a composite auricular graft. The overall success rates by graft type were as follows: costal cartilage, 83% (5 of 6); calvarial bone, 75% (3 of 4); composite auricular, 100% (1 of 1); iliac bone, 100% (1 of 1); conchal cartilage, 100% (1 of 1); septal bone, 100% (1 of 1); irradiated rib, 0% (0 of 1); and irradiated dura 0% (0 of 1). Conclusions Reconstruction of external nasal deformities in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis is safe. Surgery does not appear to either induce a flare-up or accelerate the course of Wegener's granulomatosis. There may be a higher risk of failure in primary nasal dorsal repair in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis than in other patients undergoing dorsal augmentation. Irradiated materials in the series also appear to be more prone to resorption.
The Peril and Promise of Noodles and Beer: Condemnation of patronage and hybrid political frameworks in “post‐neoliberal” Cochabamba, Bolivia

In this article, I analyze Bolivians’ public condemnations of patronage—the buying of political support with jobs or favors—over the past decade. The rise of indigenous and leftist governments in Latin America has led many to hope for a transition from neoliberalism. In Bolivia, the new Morales government has promised to effect this transition in part by rooting out clientelismo and peguismo (patronage job seeking), long a mainstay of Bolivian politics. I argue, however, that at the level of everyday practice, Bolivians engage hybrid ideals—of patronage, populism, state capitalism, liberalism, and left-indigenist democracy. Focusing on debates over patronage in the central Bolivian Cochabamba region, I show that most people who denounced patronage were unable to avoid others’ counterdenunciations that they were buscapegas (patronage seekers). Furthermore, while residents of Sacaba often expressed a yearning for ideological purity by denouncing patronage, they also used the language of patron–client reciprocity to assert demands for radical democracy.
Hurricane Sandy and Adaptation Pathways in New York: Lessons from a First-Responder City

Two central issues of climate change have become increasingly evident: Climate change will significantly affect cities; and rapid global urbanization will increase dramatically the number of individuals, amount of critical infrastructure, and means of economic production that are exposed and vulnerable to dynamic climate risks. Simultaneously, cities in many settings have begun to emerge as early adopters of climate change action strategies including greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation. The objective of this paper is to examine and analyze how officials of one city - the City of New York - have integrated a flexible adaptation pathways approach into the municipality's climate action strategy. This approach has been connected with the City's ongoing response to Hurricane Sandy, which struck in the October 2012 and resulted in damages worth more than US$19 billion. A case study narrative methodology utilizing the Wise et al. conceptual framework (see this volume) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the flexible adaptation pathways approach in New York City. The paper finds that Hurricane Sandy serves as a ''tipping point'' leading to transformative adaptation due to the explicit inclusion of increasing climate change risks in the rebuilding effort. The potential for transferability of the approach to cities varying in size and development stage is discussed, with elements useful across cities including the overall concept of flexible adaptation pathways, the inclusion of the full metropolitan region in the planning process, and the co-generation of climate-risk information by stakeholders and scientists.
Referential and expressive language: a study of two mother-child dyads:

The relationship between object and social attention, maternal language, and referential and expressive speech was examined for two children who represent lexical extremes in a study of early word learning. Children were videotaped at play in the home at 12, 15, and 18 months; mothers kept a record of the first 50 words. The child who acquired a highly referential lexicon was more sociable and engaged in less toy play and exploration than the child with a highly social- expressive lexicon. However, the child with more object labels more often initiated episodes of joint attention by showing and giving toys, and heard more maternal talk which labelled and described toys. More personal-social speech in the second child was associated with more nontoy-mediated social attention, and more socially expressive maternal language.
Complement fixation in human sera following murine typhus.

SummaryComplement fixation tests for murine typhus were performed upon the sera of 203 persons who, it is highly probable, had suffered an attack of murine typhus 7 days to 3 years and 11 months previously. The tests were positive in 85 to 88% of the cases, and in most instances the positive titers were high. Among 201 persons suspected of having had typhus, though the diagnosis was not conclusively established, the per cent of positive reactions was less, but the titers of positive sera did not differ significantly from those of the group in which the diagnosis was considered to be established. Up to periods of 4 years after infection, mean positive titers at yearly intervals did not suggest a pronounced loss of titer with passage of time. With the exception of infrequent reactions at 1:2 dilutions in the sera of persons who had not had typhus, the test was found to be specific.
Application of quadrature-based uncertainty quantification to the NETL small-scale challenge problem SSCP-I

Abstract Non-intrusive quadrature-based uncertainty quantification with reconstruction of the distribution of the system response is introduced and applied to the simulation of dense fluidized beds. This approach relies on the conditional quadrature method of moments (CQMOM) to generate a set of samples of the distribution of multiple uncertain parameters of the model. The moments of the system response are directly estimated using Gaussian quadrature formulae, and are used to reconstruct an approximate distribution of the response using extended quadrature method of moments (EQMOM). The approach is demonstrated by considering a bubbling fluidized bed with two uncertain parameters. Contour plots of the mean and standard deviation of volume fraction, phase velocity and pressure are provided. The probability distribution functions of the response are reconstructed using EQMOM with appropriate kernel density functions. The simulation results are compared to experimental data provided by the 2013 NETL small-scale challenge problem.
Organization of growing random networks

The organizational development of growing random networks is investigated. These growing networks are built by adding nodes successively, and linking each to an earlier node of degree k with an attachment probability ${A}_{k}.$ When ${A}_{k}$ grows more slowly than linearly with k, the number of nodes with k links, ${N}_{k}(t),$ decays faster than a power law in k, while for ${A}_{k}$ growing faster than linearly in k, a single node emerges which connects to nearly all other nodes. When ${A}_{k}$ is asymptotically linear, ${N}_{k}(t)\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{tk}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}},$ with $\ensuremath{\nu}$ dependent on details of the attachment probability, but in the range $2l\ensuremath{\nu}l\ensuremath{\infty}.$ The combined age and degree distribution of nodes shows that old nodes typically have a large degree. There is also a significant correlation in the degrees of neighboring nodes, so that nodes of similar degree are more likely to be connected. The size distributions of the in and out components of the network with respect to a given node---namely, its ``descendants'' and ``ancestors''---are also determined. The in component exhibits a robust ${s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ power-law tail, where s is the component size. The out component has a typical size of order $\mathrm{ln}t,$ and it provides basic insights into the genealogy of the network.
Recovery of high-purity Pt from Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles using organic aqua regia

Using organic aqua regia, a recently discovered powerful organic leaching agent, an effective process of recovering Pt directly from Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles was demonstrated. The purities of the Pt recovered from a mixture of Au and Pt nanoparticles and from Pt-Au core-shell nanoparticle catalyst are as high as (99.49±0.22) %, and (95.02±0.08) %, respectively. The novel recovery process promises applications in catalysis industry.
Linear maps preserving regional eigenvalue location

Let M(n, C) be the vector space of n × n complex matrices and let G(r,s,t) be the set of all matrices in M(n, C) having r eigenvalues with positive real parts eigenvalues with negative real part and t eigenvalues with zero real part. In particularG(0,n,0) is the set of stable matrices. We investigate the set of linear operators on M(n, C) that map G(r,s,t) into itself. Such maps include, but are not always limited to similarities, transposition, and multiplication by a positive constant. The proof of our results depends on a characterization of nilpotent matrices in terms of matrices in a particular G(r,s,t), and an extension of a result about the existence of a matrix with prescribed eigenstructure and diagonal entries. Each of these results is of independent interest. Moreover, our char-acterization of nilpotent matrices is sufficiently general to allow us to determine the preservers of many other "inertia classes."
A memory efficient algorithm for adaptive multidimensional integration with multiple GPUs

We present a memory-efficient algorithm and its implementation for solving multidimensional numerical integration on a cluster of compute nodes with multiple GPU devices per node. The effective use of shared memory is important for improving the performance on GPUs, because of the bandwidth limitation of the global memory. The best known sequential algorithm for multidimensional numerical integration CUHRE uses a large dynamic heap data structure which is accessed frequently. Devising a GPU algorithm that caches a part of this data structure in the shared memory so as to minimizes global memory access is a challenging task. The algorithm presented here addresses this problem. Furthermore we propose a technique to scale this algorithm to multiple GPU devices. The algorithm was implemented on a cluster of Intel® Xeon® CPU X5650 compute nodes with 4 Tesla M2090 GPU devices per node. We observed a speedup of up to 240 on a single GPU device as compared to a speedup of 70 when memory optimization was not used. On a cluster of 6 nodes (24 GPU devices) we were able to obtain a speedup of up to 3250. All speedups here are with reference to the sequential implementation running on the compute node.
Identification of Constituent Sugars of Polysaccharide Bioabsorbent from Alcaligenes latus

Constituent sugars of the polysaccharide bioabsorbent from Alcaligenes latus B-16, which can hold water at more than 1000- fold (maximum 2000-fold) its own weight, were identified by three methods, gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas mass spectroscopy. This polysaccharide bioabsorbent is composed of four different sugars: glucose, rhamnose, fucose, and glucuronic acid. The molar ratio of the constituent sugars was: glucose: rhamnose: glucuronic acid: fucose = 1.8: 1.1: 1: 1.
Activity Model Calculation in Slag Based on Artificial Intelligence and its Application in the Ternary Slag System

A model based on neural network for predicting the activity of components in multiple slag system is developed. The artificial neural nets can implement any approximation of function with simple structure, while the genetic algorith is a globally optimized search one based on genetics and natural selection theory, which is available to implement the iteration process through alloying the genetic manipulation to the individuals in colonies for their restructuring and then evolve the increasingly improved approximate solutions generation by generation in accordance to the adaptability function for individuals. GA is always used to give the weight and threshold of neural nets. Computing and simulating the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 and FeO-MnO-SiO2 slag systems, it is found that the model has high nonlinear capability and the computation results fit well with that in relevant earlier works, thus enabling the accurate prediction of the activity of components in molten slag.
Measuring noise in magnetometers: An example using the Mars Global Surveyor magnetometers

[1] A recently developed data analysis tool allows direct measurement of the total root-mean-square noise in magnetometer data. Since the total is a combination of intrinsic instrument noise and solar wind magnetic field fluctuations, we can put upper limits on the instrument noise during periods of relatively quiet solar wind fields. The technique involves taking vector and scalar products of successive magnetic measurements; the resulting scalar quantity is insensitive to slow field variations as well as sudden ones (i.e., tangential discontinuities) and provides a measure of total noise. We illustrate this analysis by determining the noise levels for the Mars Global Surveyor magnetometer. Far from Mars and any obvious waves, we find that the magnetic field measurements noise level is ±0.05 nT. This is consistent with the ground-based instrument's measured noise level of ±0.01 nT expected under ideal conditions.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of papaya mosaic virus coat protein.

Abstract Papaya mosaic virus coat protein has been treated with trypsin and a large fragment of the intact protein has been crystallized in space group P 3 1 21 or P 3 2 21 (unit cell dimensions: a = b = 110 A, c = 237 A.). The crystals diffract to 3·5 A resolution. Crystals of the untreated protein have also been grown. The untreated protein crystals diffract to 4 A resolution, but have a large mosaic spread. They have the same space group as the trypsin-treated protein crystals, but a much smaller unit cell ( a = b = 72 A, c = 240 A).
Dynamic programming method for temporal registration of three-dimensional tongue surface motion from multiple utterances

This study proposes a new method to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) tongue surface motion during speech using only a few sections of the tongue measured with ultrasound imaging. Reconstruction of static 3D tongue surfaces has been reported. This is the first report for reconstruction of 3D tongue surface motion using ultrasound imaging. To temporally align data from multiple scan locations, a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm was used to line up the tokens collected from different repetitions by using the acoustic signals recorded simultaneously with the ultrasound images. Reconstruction error was evaluated by using a pseudo-motion measurement of known 3D tongue shapes. The average error was 0.39 mm, which was within the ultrasound measurement error, of 0.5 mm.
Ultracold atoms: Pairing with a twist

In the presence of light-induced spin–orbit coupling, ultracold atoms form pairs with a spin-triplet component. Creating these pairs is an important step towards realizing atomic superfluids with topological excitations.
From fabric hand to thermal comfort: the evolving role of objective measurements in explaining human comfort response to textiles

This paper traces the evolution of objective measurement of textile hand and comfort from Pierce through modern methodology and approaches. Special emphasis is given to discuss the contribution of the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) towards advancing the state of objective measurement. Laboratory case studies are used to show how data generated by the KES and other instruments can be integrated into a comprehensive approach that attempts to explain human comfort response to garment wear in terms of fabric mechanical, surface and heat and moisture transfer properties.
Enhancement of the accuracy of the modified(P-ω) method through the implementation of a nonlinear robust observer

The original version of the (P–ω) method is a model-based approach developed for determining the instantaneous friction torque in internal combustion engines. This scheme requires measurements of the cylinder gas pressure, the engine load torque, the crankshaft angular displacement and its time derivatives. The effects of the higher order dynamics of the crank-slider mechanism on the measured angular motion of the crankshaft have caused the (P–ω) method to yield erroneous results, especially, at high engine speeds. To alleviate this problem, a nonlinear sliding mode observer has been developed herein to accurately estimate the rigid and flexible motions of the piston-assembly/connecting-rod/crankshaft mechanism of a single cylinder engine. The observer has been designed to yield a robust performance in the presence of disturbances and modeling imprecision. The digital simulation results, generated under transient conditions that represent a decrease in the engine speed, have illustrated the rapid convergence of the estimated state variables to the actual ones in the presence of both structured and unstructured uncertainties. Moreover, this study has proven that the use of the estimated rather than the measured angular displacement of the crankshaft and its time derivatives can significantly improve the accuracy of the (P–ω) method in determining the instantaneous engine friction torque. However, the effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism have rendered the original version of the (P–ω) method to be inapplicable at high engine speeds. This problem has been addressed herein by modifying the formulation of the (P–ω) method in order to account for the first two elastic modes of the crankshaft torsional vibration. The simulation results confirm the good performance of the modified (P–ω) method in determining the instantaneous friction torque at high engine speeds.© 2005 ASME
Interfacial Effect on Bending Property of Al/Cu/Al Laminated Composite Produced by Asymmetrical Roll Bonding

This paper is aim to investigate the interfacial effect on the bending property of Al/Cu/Al laminated composite produced by the asymmetrical roll bonding and annealing. The interfacial microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the three-point bending tests were conducted at room temperature. It is found that the interfacial layer near the faster roll is about 1 μm thickness and continuous, and the bending strength is increased by 4.4% in comparison with the interface near the slower roll. The results demonstrate that the shear deformation during asymmetrical roll bonding causes a severe interfacial fracture and makes a good interfacial bonding. The increase of bending load is ascribed to the interfacial improvement.
Personality Differences of Members of Two Political Parties

(1959). Personality Differences of Members of Two Political Parties. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 261-268.
Free and Mixed Convective Flow of Air in a Heated Cavity of Variable rectangular Cross Section and Orientation

Free and mixed convection in a strongly heated cavity of rectangular cross section have been investigated experimentally, to observe the effects of cavity shape and inclination and of ambient wind on the velocity and temperature distributions. The long edges (c = 0.533 m) of the cavity were horizontal and parallel to an axis around which the cavity could be rotated. The aperture plane was either vertical ($\alpha $ = 0 degrees), or inclined facing downward at $\alpha $ = 20 degrees or $\alpha $ = 45 degrees. The height of the aperture, b, was always 0.0947 m, while the depth of the cavity, a, was set so that a/b = 0.5, 1.0, or 1.46. The bottom and back walls were electrically heated but the top wall was indirectly heated by conduction and radiation. The absolute average temperature of the wall, T$\_{\text{c}}$, was 2.21 times the absolute temperature at infinity, T$\_{\infty}$, and the Grashof number based on the difference of these two temperatures, with physical properties evaluated at T$\_{\infty}$, was 4.2 $\times $ 10$^{7}$. The Prandtl number was that of air, Pr $\approx $ 0.7. In the studies of mixed convection, the axis of rotation was horizontal and normal to the ambient wind, U$\_{\infty}$. When the aperture faced directly upstream the inclination angle was $\alpha $ = 0 degrees. The Reynolds number, Re = bU$\_{\infty}$/$\nu \_{\infty}$, was varied from Re = 120-1100, where free convection was dominant, to Re = 2000-8740, where forced convection was dominant. For both free and mixed convection, wall and gas temperatures were measured with thermocouples and shadowgraph pictures were taken. For pure free convection, three time-averaged velocity components, the corresponding normal Reynolds stress components and one off-diagonal Reynolds stress component were measured by using a two-colour laser-Doppler velocimeter with the assistance of a minicomputer for automated data collection and reduction. The experiments were largely exploratory and revealed a wealth of interesting phenomena. These include instabilities that have previously been seen in more simply bounded flows and periodic oscillations that seem unique to the open cavity. This application of laser-Doppler velocimetry is interesting in its own right, confronting large variations in index of refraction, extraordinarily high percentage fluctuations in velocity and density and great difficulty in assuring the uniform distribution of light-scattering particles.
A Novel Fiber-Optic Interface for Unenhanced External Reflection Raman Spectroscopy of Supported Monolayers

A novel sample interface has been developed to acquire the unenhanced external reflection Raman spectra of Langmuir−Blodgett thin films deposited onto solid substrates. This interface does not rely on a surface or resonance enhancement to amplify the monolayer signal, but rather uses fiber optics and gradient-index lenses for collection of the scattered light, thus providing an efficient collection mechanism for the Raman scattered radiation in an external reflection arrangement. This design is relatively inexpensive and straightforward to implement, resulting in a sensitive and fast tool for obtaining high-quality Raman spectra of ultrathin films (≥2.5 nm thickness). The results of this study show that a fiber-optic bundle provides an efficient mechanism for transfer of the scattered Raman radiation from the sample to the monochromator. The optical design also incorporates gradient-index lenses for image transfer onto the fiber bundle, thereby significantly reducing chromatic and spherical aberrations in...
Relationship of Photoperiod and Feed Intake to Thyroid Hormone Concentration

Abstract Broilers, obtained from a commercial hatchery, were reared in two environmental chambers with controlled temperature, humidity, and lighting in three trials. Lighting was continuous for 0 to 7 days and 12L:12D thereafter. Temperatures, initially 32.2 C in Trials 1 and 3 and 29.4 in Trial 2, were gradually lowered during rearing. At the end of the trials, temperatures were 21.1, 10.0, and 23.9 C in Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum until 21 days in Trials 1 and 3 and 28 days in Trial 2. During the subsequent 14 days in each trial, feed was provided 12 hr/day with one chamber receiving feed during photophase (LF) and the other receiving feed during scotophase (DF). Plasma samples for 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) assay were obtained at 3-hr intervals throughout a 24-hr period at the end of the 14-day treatment period. During the 14-day treatment period, the weight gain of the DF broilers averaged 90% of the LF broilers for the three trials. This demonstrates broilers adapted very well to feeding during scotophase. The T4/T3 ratio increased during fasting and decreased when feed was available, but photoperiod had no discernible effect. The change in T4/T3 ratio over 24 hr was greater at high than at low environmental temperatures.
Dynamical Mapping of E. coli Thioredoxin via 13C NMR Relaxation Analysis

NMR relaxation analysis was used to characterize the internal dynamics of oxidized E. coli thioredoxin in both the picosecond-nanosecond and microsecond-millisecond frequency ranges for 413 H−C and H−N bond vectors. The 13C relaxation data was obtained utilizing protein samples possessing an alternating 13C−12C−13C... labeling pattern for most enriched sites. When combined with partial deuteration, this labeling pattern provides for isolated 1H−13C IS spin pairs exhibiting dynamically interpretable relaxation behavior. Side chains were found to exhibit a far broader range of dynamics than have been previously characterized for main chain resonances. The dynamics of structurally buried aromatic and leucine side chains are interpreted in terms of correlated main chain-side chain torsional oscillations. Structural regions exhibiting millisecond dynamics were found to correlate strongly with the presence of side chain-main chain or bifurcated main chain hydrogen bonds. Nuclei around the active site disulfide ...