cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rna: algorithms, evolution and design

Modern biology is being remade by a dizzying array of new technologies, a deluge of data, and an increasingly strong reliance on computation to guide and interpret experiments. In two areas of biology, computational methods have become central: predicting and designing the structure of biological molecules and inferring function from molecular evolution. In this thesis, I develop a number of algorithms for problems in these areas and combine them with experiment to provide biological insight. First, I study the problem of designing RNA sequences that fold into specific structures. To do so I introduce a novel computational problem on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Stochastic Context Free Grammars (SCFGs). I show that the problem is NP-hard, resolving an open question for RNA secondary structure design, and go on to develop a number of approximation approaches. I then turn to the problem of inferring function from evolution. I develop an algorithm to identify regions in the genome that are serving two simultaneous functions: encoding a protein and encoding regulatory information. I first use this algorithm to find microRNA targets in both Drosophila and mammalian genes and show that conserved microRNA targeting in coding regions is widespread. Next, I identify a novel phenomenon where an accumulation of sequence repeats leads to surprisingly strong microRNA targeting, demonstrating a previously unknown role for such repeats. Finally, I address the problem of detecting more general conserved regulatory elements in coding DNA. I show that such elements are widespread in Drosophila and can be identified with high confidence, a result with important implications for understanding both biological regulation and the evolution of protein coding sequences. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Proxy Contests, Shareholder Wealth and Operating Performance: An Analysis of the 1980s

Analysis of 187 proxy contests for board seats from the 1979-89 period indicates that the proxy mechanism made a significant contribution to corporate governance in the 1980s by overcoming obstacles to the market for corporate control, by inducing the removal of incumbent management, and by facilitating downsizing at the target companies. Firms that were acquired and/or that replaced senior management following proxy contests experienced a sustained appreciation in shareholder wealth. By contrast, firms that were not acquired or that did not replace senior management, even in cases where dissidents attained seats, suffered a decline in shareholder wealth following proxy contests. Operating income increases following proxy contests, a result which also holds after adjusting for an industry control sample. The post-contest change in operating income is positively related to the changes in shareholder wealth at contest announcement, indicating a direct linkage between valuation effects and corporate operating performance:
Relationship between design and programming skills in an advanced computer programming class

Student retention in computer science curricula still hinges critically on success in introductory programming courses. While the literature contains descriptions of courses that place emphasis on design before programming and others that integrate design and programming relatively closely, the relationship between design and programming skill in students has not been definitively described. This article presents a study of the relationship between the ability to create a high-level design of a student project and the ability to write the computer program that would follow from the design. A very high, positive correlation between these two skills is found and discussed. Implications of the study and suggestions for the simultaneous fostering of design and programming skills are presented.
Distributed anonymous computation of social distance

In a distributed social network, no single system holds information about all the individuals in the network, and no single system is trusted by all the individuals in the network. It is nonetheless desirable to reliably compute the social distance among individuals. This must be done anonymously, without giving away any identifying information about individuals in the social network, and reliably, without allowing anyone to pretend to be socially closer to someone else than they actually are. The Social Network Connectivity Algorithm, or SoNCA, accomplishes these goals in a distributed manner. This paper describes both the high-level algorithm and a concrete design that is intended for future use with a network, AllNet, designed to provide secure interpersonal communication utilizing all available means, including Internet, cellular communications, ad-hoc networking and delay-tolerant networking.
Sugar in the reduction of incarcerated prolapsed bowel. Report of two cases

Incarcerated, prolapsed rectum, colostomies, and ileostomies, when viable, may be reduced using ordinary table sugar. The placing of sugar granules on the incarcerated bowel results in a decrease in tissue edema and spontaneous bowel reduction. The technique, case reports, and a review of the literature are herein reported.
A Review on Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common genetic causes of infant death. There is presently no cure, but the therapeutic pipeline is promising. Given the prevalence of SMA coupled with the potential for new treatment options, universal carrier screening, and newborn screening, we conducted a literature review of the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes held by the public and non-geneticist clinicians about various aspects of SMA. We then identify recommendations for targeting additional research, training, and educational efforts to increase awareness. In the limited available literature, we found that the public is generally unfamiliar with SMA but has favorable views of carrier and newborn screening. Clinicians also had limited understanding of SMA. Further research into knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers and the general public will help develop a better understanding of education gaps and inform outreach efforts. These educational efforts are needed to complement the momentum as treatments are being developed and tested. Furthermore, professional societies are proposing routine carrier screening and SMA may achieve newborn screening status, which will change the SMA landscape for genetics professionals and families. Thus, it is important to explore knowledge and attitudes about SMA to allow us to prepare for when SMA attains higher public and clinician recognition.
The Technique of Purification and Rejuvenation of CMS Line Jiangnongzao 4A in Hybrid Rice

Jiangnongzao 4A was a early-maturing,temp-sensitive,"WA"type CMS line.After used for some years,it became degeneration severly,and its purity of seeds was under 95%.Now,a new simpler and effective method," repeat choose three-nursery ",was used to purify Jiangnongzao 4A,and it had been rejuvenated.
Managing computer systems. Developing the proposal

The major components of a thorough proposal to computerize pharmaceutical services are described. The components of the proposal are (1) the introduction; (2) description of current and proposed systems; (3) hardware, software, and supplies; (4) vendor selection; (5) implementation; (6) interface; (7) justification of need; (8) risk analysis; (9) contract; (10) summary; and (11) appendices. Special emphasis is given to justifying the pharmacy system on the basis of decreased cost for personnel, drugs, charging for services, and equipment. Additional justification is based on the benefits of increased production, decreased problems, and increased capacity to produce. A life-cycle cost analysis and engineering economy formula is described that can be used to calculate the number of full-time equivalents that must be reduced in order to offset costs of the system through personnel reduction alone. Because the decision to computerize pharmaceutical services constitutes a major and permanent change, it is important that the proposal be logical, factual, thorough, and organized.
Should Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Patients with Early Breast Cancer Be Abandoned? Not So Fast

As major advances are made in the management of early breast cancer, the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBx) has been called into question. However, before abandoning SLNBx, a critical appraisal of its role should be done because we believe that it remains a critical component of care, especially when tailoring patient's adjuvant therapy. This commentary provides cogent arguments in favor of SLNBx in the management of patients with early breast cancer.
Chapter 18 – From Maps to Student Interaction: Creating a Web-based Student Atlas of Russia

Publisher Summary Existing Russian atlases are out of date or do not contain thematic maps that are necessary for teaching Russian Geography. The Student Atlas of Russia was started not only to fill this void, but also to provide an opportunity for individual students or student teams from a variety of topical geography classes to contribute new data or maps to the atlas. As an ongoing active learning project, the focus is on the enhancement of the students' geographic research skills. The online format affords maximum communication between participants, keeps the atlas up-to-date, and affords the greatest atlas readership. During the first year of this project, the students contributed a variety of static and interactive maps, as well as complete topical webpages. The quality of the data and maps submitted by students varied tremendously because of varying degrees of cartographic experience and the challenges involved in finding and working with oblast level data, which are often in Russian, or transliterated according to different conventions.
The Effectiveness of Posterior Shoulder Stretching on Reducing Posterior Shoulder Tightness in Overhead Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic

Clinical Question:Are posterior shoulder stretching programs effective in reducing posterior shoulder tightness, or tightness to the soft tissue of the shoulder, in overhead athletes? Clinical Bottom Line:In overhead athletes, there is high quality evidence to support the use of posterior shoulder stretching to reduce a commonly used measure of posterior shoulder tightness. All three studies1–3 reported an increase in shoulder internal rotation range of motion following implementation of posterior shoulder stretching.
Rapid Thermostabilization of Bacillus thuringiensis Serovar Konkukian 97-27 Dehydroshikimate Dehydratase through a Structure-Based Enzyme Design and Whole Cell Activity Assay.

Thermostabilization of an enzyme with complete retention of catalytic efficiency was demonstrated on recombinant 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DHSase or wtAsbF) from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian 97–27 (hereafter, B. thuringiensis 97–27). The wtAsbF is relatively unstable at 37 °C, in vitro (t1/237 = 15 min), in the absence of divalent metal. We adopted a structure-based design to identify stabilizing mutations and created a combinatorial library based upon predicted mutations at specific locations on the enzyme surface. A diversified asbF library (∼2000 variants) was expressed in E. coli harboring a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter system linked to the product of wtAsbF activity (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, DHB). Mutations detrimental to DHSase function were rapidly eliminated using a high throughput fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) approach. After a single sorting round and heat screen at 50 °C, a triple AsbF mutant (Mut1), T61N, H135Y, and H257P, was isolated and characterized...
Correlation of plasma process induced charging with Fowler-Nordheim stress in p- and n-channel transistors

We simulated plasma etch induced gate charging by using a Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) stress, and compared the resulting degradation with end-of-line (EOL) antenna transistors in a triple-layer metal CMOS technology. Our studies show good agreement between the effects of F-N current stress and plasma processing induced device deterioration very well. This is also the first known work to explain the effects of in-process plasma charging on p-channel hot-electron reliability. >
Managing Research in Pediatric and Child Clinical Psychology

In marked contrast to the image of the lone investigator conducting research in his or her laboratory, many researchers who work with pediatric and clinical child populations gather data in clinical settings and conduct research projects that involve complex data sets. Moreover, in some instances, research that advances scientific knowledge in pediatric and clinical child psychology necessitates the development of projects that involve research-related collaborations across multiple settings. To illustrate this point, consider some recent examples of studies that were published in the Journal of Clinical Child Psychology and the Journal of Pediatric Psychology. One of these reported the lessons learned from a pilot study of family-based alternatives to institution-based mental health services for youth, which involved a multiagency, collaborative effort (Henggeler et al., 1997). Another study described the results of a 4-year follow-up of the impact of home intervention on the cognitive, motor development, and behavior in play of 4-year-old children with early histories of failure to thrive (Hutcheson et al., 1997). The teams of investigators who conducted the projects assumed extraordinary organizational and management responsibilities to complete their research. Such responsibilities included (among others) securing and managing funds that were needed to conduct the research; hiring, supervising, and managing research staff; and developing collaborative relationships with investigators and professional staff in different settings.
Photoinduced charge separation in single-walled carbon nanotube/protein integrated systems

Zinc-substituted cytochrome c (Zn-cyt c) is noncovalently bound to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), causing the Zn-cyt c fluorescence to be quenched by up to 95%, primarily due to photoinduced charge transfer. Deposition of Zn-cyt c/SWNT films onto conductive oxides allows for harvesting of photoexcited electrons with an internal quantum efficiency of over 5%.
South of Elsinore: Actions that a Man Might Play

To play Hamlet is to be promised choice. Yet, as thirty years of Hamlet video games demonstrate, such freedom evaporates in practice, shaped by gameplay’s own unpredictable structures of constraint. The relations that Hamlet considers under the sign of ‘play’—genre, the ludic, and relations of power—have become central to how we use Shakespeare, posing questions of the relationship between interpretive freedom and the vast structures of capital, knowledge, and privilege that limit and shape such freedoms. What might it mean to think of the play of reading and of interpretation not as wholly unconstrained but rather as akin to other types of play in their tension between freedom and rule?
A Case Study in Gaps in Services for Drug-Involved Offenders

Increasingly, attention is given to the need to place offenders into appropriate programs in an effort to improve outcomes. Andrews and Bonta (1996) refer to this as responsivity; however, in the clinical science literature, this concept is termed treatment matching. “Matching” offenders to appropriate programs and services ultimately calls attention client-level factors that can be used to identify the appropriate type and level of care. We use data from a nationally representative sample of correctional agencies (collected as a part of the National Criminal Justice Treatment Practices (NCJTP) survey) to estimate the participation rate of offenders in the right mix of substance abuse treatment services. The study found that the majority of available services are suited for people with threshold-level substance use disorders, even though a third of the offenders are reported to have a severe dependency disorder requiring a higher level of care. Regardless of the correctional setting, only a small portion of the offender population receives the appropriate level of treatment. The current delivery system appears to be inadequate to reduce the risk of recidivism given that offender needs are largely unmet. Under the risk, need, and responsivity framework, we would not expect better outcomes unless the matching process is better aligned. We use this case study to illustrate the conceptual model involved in the simulations that we will present in this book in terms of trying to expand treatment capacities with an emphasis on providing services that are appropriate for the severity of the disorders. The composition of the current system demands attention to providing more intensive services to effectively use resources and to focus on risk reduction strategies.
Operating budget processes and practices of clubs: a repeated cross-sectional study over four decades

This study represents the fourth phase of a repeated cross-sectional study that was begun in 1985. It examines the current trends of private clubs’ operating budget practices and the changes in the...
Acid Rain in a Wider Europe: The Post-Communist Transition and the Future European Acid Rain Policies

Air pollution was among the most salient environmental problems in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the aftermath of communism.1 Photographs of damaged monuments, forests defoliated from acid rain, and degraded landscapes became emblematic of the environmental burden associated with centralized planning. CEE countries contributed significant amounts of transboundary acidification in Europe due to prevailing atmospheric and geographic patterns. The area bordering the Czech Republic, East Germany, and Poland—a region of high concentration of industrial enterprises and acidification—became know as the “Black Triangle” and was just one example of a regional pollution “hot spot.” The period of democratic transition brought promise as well as international pressure to tackle domestic and transboundary air pollution in transition countries (Jancar-Webster 1993); (Regional Environmental Center 1998); (World Bank 1994).
Extrusion of non-absorbable suture from a superior oblique tuck without loss of surgical effect.

BACKGROUND: Superior oblique tuck is an effective procedure for the treatment of superior oblique palsy. There has been no report of the extrusion of the non-absorbable suture typically used in this procedure. We describe a case of late extrusion of the non-absorbable suture used in a superior oblique tuck. RESEARCH DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: A 4 year old boy underwent a successful left superior oblique tuck for a left superior oblique palsy. Eleven months after surgery, the non-absorbable suture used forf the tuck extruded coincidentally with ocular trauma. The suture was slightly adherent to a suture granuloma in the supranasal quadrant of the left eye and removed without loss of surgical effect of the superior oblique tuck. CONCLUSION: Late extrusion of a non-absorbable suture used in a superior oblique tuck may not result in loss of surgical effect. However, this finding does not imply the acceptability of using an absorbable, instead of a non-absorbable, suture in this procedure.
A NEW VIEW ON CONSTRAINED PROBLEMS

This chapter presents a new view on constrained problems. Constrained problems for ordinary differential equations and their solution in the abstract setting of bifurcation theory continue to attract wide attention. This chapter presents a brief overview of a unified approach to some of the most frequently used techniques such as the methods of Cesari, Hale, Mawhin, and Cronin. There is a wealth of qualitative results that have one feature in common that they can be reduced to considerations of an equation of the form Lu = Fu , where F is a continuous nonlinear mapping of a normed (function) space U into a Banach (function) space W and L is a linear mapping with domain in U and range in W , which has no continuous inverse. The chapter discusses some well-known considerations for the existence of an ω-periodic solution to the differential equation x ' = f ( t , x ).
NetGist: Learning to Generate Task-Based Network Summaries

Given a network, can we visualize it for any given task, highlighting the important characteristics? Networks are widespread, and hence summarizing and visualizing them is of primary interest for many applications such as viral marketing, extracting communities and immunization. Summaries can help in solving new problems in visualization, sense-making, and in many other goals. However, most prior work focuses on generic structural summarization techniques or on developing specific algorithms for specific tasks. This is both tedious and challenging. As a result, for several popular tasks, there do not exist readymade summarization methods. In this paper, we explore a promising alternative approach instead. We propose NetGist, a framework which automatically learns how to generate a summary for a given task on a given network. In addition to generating the required summary, this also allows us to reuse the learned process on other similar networks. We formulate a novel task-based graph summarization problem and leverage reinforcement learning to design a flexible framework for our solution. Via extensive experiments, we show that NetGist robustly and effectively learns meaningful summaries, and helps solve challenging problems, and aids in complex task-based sense-making of networks.
A Bias-Dependent Single-Event-Enabled Compact Model for Bulk FinFET Technologies

A single-event-enabled compact model for bulk FinFET technologies has been developed and integrated with a process design kit (PDK) and an industry standard electronic design automation tool flow. The compact model incorporates transistor bias dependence and 3-D ion-incidence geometry awareness into the calculation of the single-event-generated current waveform. The model has been developed for performance from nominal supply circuit operation down to near-threshold voltage applications. The 3-D technology computer-aided design simulations have been used to calibrate the compact model transient current and voltage waveforms for single, hard-biased, devices and full 3-D logic gate response, e.g., inverter, NAND, and NOR. Single-event transient pulsewidth measurements, from heavy-ion testing over an angle of incidence and bias, on a technology characterization vehicle test chip fabricated at the 14-/16-nm bulk FinFET technology generation, have been used to validate the model response. The bulk FinFET single-event-enabled compact model, integrated with the PDK, enables a single-event analysis of circuit topologies for application in radiation environments while maintaining the standard integrated circuit design flow.
President, Wrestler, Spectacle: An Examination of Donald Trump’s Firing Tweets and The Celebrity Appresident as Response to Trump’s Media Landscape:

Between January and April 2017, the Trump administration underwent a period of extensive cabinet turnover that was publicized via Donald Trump’s Twitter feed. Accessibility to such information crea...
Space Making as Artistic Practice: The Relationship between Grassroots Art Organizations and the Political Economy of Urban Development:

Standard narratives on the relationship between art and urban development detail art networks as connected to sources of dominant economic, social, and cultural capital and complicit in gentrificat...
Case Histories of GPR for Animal Burrows Mapping and Geometry.

ABSTRACT Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has a wide range of applications, from geologic mapping to concrete inspection. A recently emerging GPR application is deployment in biological investigation...
Exploring an Existing Weight Management App for Use With Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida: Usability Study.

Background: Adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYA-SBs) have unique user needs, given their variable and complex symptom profile. Owing to multiple barriers to prevention and intervention treatments for secondary conditions (eg, obesity), AYA-SBs may benefit from the use of behavioral intervention technologies (BITs). However, as BITs are often designed and tested with typically developing individuals, it is unclear if existing BITs may be usable for AYA-SBs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a high-quality, publicly available, weight management–focused mobile BIT (smartphone app) for AYA-SBs. Methods: Overall, 28 AYA-SBs attending a Young Men’s Christian Association–based summer camp completed 4 structured usability tasks using a weight management app designed for the general public called My Diet Coach (Bending Spoons). Learnability was measured by (1) time to complete task, (2) number of user errors, and (3) correct entry of data when requested by the app. Satisfaction and general usability were measured via self-reported questionnaires and qualitative feedback following interactions with the app. Results: The majority of the sample were able to complete the tasks, with increased completion rates and improved times on second attempts of the tasks (Ps<.05). Errors were common, and discrepancies emerged between quantitative and qualitative feedback such that self-reported measures indicated dissatisfaction but qualitative feedback was generally positive. Suggested improvements to the app included (1) tutorials, (2) simplifying the design, (3) more activity options for those who ambulate by wheelchair, and (4) notifications to prompt use. Conclusions: AYA-SBs were able to learn how to complete specific tasks independently on a weight management app, but design changes consistent with previously proposed user needs were recommended. Rather than designing entirely new BITs, it may be possible to adapt existing technologies to personalize BITs for specific populations such as AYA-SBs.
Psychosocial factors associated with physical activity in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery

Abstract Background Identifying psychosocial variables associated with physical activity (PA) may lead to the development of interventions that better address the challenges to participating in PA experienced by post-bariatric surgery patients. Objective To examine associations between select psychosocial variables and PA in patients who had undergone bariatric surgery within the past 2 years. Settings Bariatric surgery candidates were recruited from the Greater Pittsburgh Region. Methods Eighty-three patients who had undergone bariatric surgery self-reported current PA and select psychosocial constructs. Additionally, participants provided retrospective information on PA and psychosocial constructs prior to surgery. Results Subjects increased PA from baseline [median = 156.00 (25th, 75th percentiles: 53.00, 600.00) kcal/week] to post-surgery [median = 976.00 (25th, 75th percentiles: 344.00, 1832.00) kcal/week] (p Conclusions Pre-and post-bariatric surgery interventions aimed at increasing PA participation may need to target important constructs that include the encouragement of social support and strategies to enhance the effort individuals put forward to engage in PA, as well as a focus on enhancing physical function, and awareness of weight status.
Diaspora Bonds: Tapping the Diaspora During Difficult Times

India and Israel have raised over US$35 billion by tapping into the wealth of their diaspora communities. These diaspora bonds represent a stable and cheap source of external finance, often when countries lost access to international capital markets. For diaspora investors, these bonds offer the opportunity to help their country of origin while also providing an investment opportunity. The potential for diaspora bonds is significant for many countries with large diasporas abroad. However, diaspora bond issuance from countries with weak governance and high sovereign risk may require support for institutional capacity building and credit enhancement from multilateral or bilateral agencies. Haiti, for instance, could raise several hundred million dollars by issuing diaspora bonds provided a guarantee structure is created to build trust in the country's public institutions.
Higher Fruit and Vegetable Intake Is Associated with Participation in the Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) Program.

Incentivizing fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases may help address barriers to healthy eating among populations with low income. In a repeated measures natural experiment study, we examined whether participation in the Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) program increased F&V consumption among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients. Two hundred and twelve participants recruited at baseline through telephone calls were informed about the availability of DUFB at their local farmers’ market (FM). F&V consumption frequency and DUFB use were obtained at baseline, mid FM, and end of FM season approximately 5 months later. Participants (N = 212) were primarily white (76.4%) women (77.3%) with an average age of 43.5 years. Only 34 participants opted to use the DUFB program. A linear mixed model showed a significant main effect of DUFB use (p = 0.001) and of time (p = 0.002), with a decrease in F&V intake over time. Compared to non-users, DUFB users had a significantly higher F&V consumption at baseline and midpoint (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). F&V consumption was associated with participation in the DUFB program and higher F&V consumption frequency was observed prior to program use among program participants. Future interventions that specifically target SNAP recipients with low F&V intake to use the DUFB program are needed.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Continuous Precipitation of Ni 3 Mo in a Superalloy Formed by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering

In Situ heating experiments explore a correlation between hexagonal close-packed (HCP) domains in sputter-deposited Ni-25Mo-8Cr films and the precipitation of HCP-type structures (Ni3Mo). Dynamic observation of phase evolution in diffraction mode confirms that precipitation behavior in these defect-dense thin films is not merely kinetically accelerated; instead, the pathway is fundamentally altered. Short-range ordering (SRO) behavior was observed upon reaching 650oC. SRO has been documented as part of the face-centered cubic (FCC)-precipitation pathway, but has not previously been reported for HCP-based precipitates. This effort provides evidence for continuous ordering of HCP-based precipitates from SRO domains in a mixed FCC-HCP metallic material.
Mechatronic System Control, Logic, and Data Acquisition

Volume Two MECHATRONIC SYSTEM CONTROL The Role of Controls in Mechatronics, J. van Amerongen The Role of Modeling in Mechatronics Design, J.A. Jalkio Signals and Systems, M.-J.E. Salami, R. Johansson, K. Leang, Q.Zou, S. Devasia, and C.N. Domy State Space Analysis and System Properties, M.E. Salgado and J.I. Yuz Response of Dynamic Systems, R. de Callafon The Root Locus Method, H. Ozbay Frequency Response Methods, J.-J. Sheen Kalman Filters as Dynamic System State Observers, T.P. Crain, II Digital Signal Processing for Mechatronic Applications, B.S. Heck and T.R. Kurfess Control System Design Via H 2 Optimization, A.A. Rodriquez Adaptive and Nonlinear Control Design, M.R. Akella Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, B.M. Wilamowski Advanced Control of an Electrohydraulic Axis, F. Ionescu, C. Vlad, and D. Arotaritei Design Optimization of Mechatronic Systems, T. Brezina, C. Kratochvil, and C. Ondrusek NEW! Motion Control Using SoftMotion Technology, R. Kulkarni NEW! Real-Time Monitoring and Control, G. Garcia NEW! Micromechatronics and Microelectromechanical Motion Devices, S.E. Lyshevski COMPUTERS AND LOGIC SYSTEMS Introduction to Computers and Logic Systems, K.C. Craig and F. Stolfi Digital Logic Concepts and Combinational Logic Design, G.I. Cohn System Interfaces, M.J. Tordon and J. Katupitiya Communications and Computer Networks, M. Ilyas Fault Analysis in Mechatronic Systems, L. Notash and T.N. Moore Logic System Design, M.K. Ramasubramanian Architecture, D.A. Connors and W.-M.W. Hwu Control with Embedded Computers and Programmable Logic Controllers, H. Jack and A. Sterian NEW! Graphical System Design for Embedded Systems, S. Gretlein NEW! Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, D. Fay and D.A. Connors NEW! Graphical Programming for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays: Applications in Control and Mechatronics, J. Falcon and M. Trimborn SOFTWARE AND DATA ACQUISITION Introduction to Data Acquisition, C. Anderson Measurement Techniques: Sensors and Transducers, C. Harrison A/D and D/A Conversion, B. Betts Signal Conditioning, S.A. Dyer NEW! Virtual Instrumentation Systems, D. Dement Software Design and Development, M.H. Hamilton Data Recording and Logging, C. Anderson Index Catalog no. 9260, November 2007, c. 712 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8493-9260-3, $99.95 / GBP52.99 Short TOC
ON THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT

1 This paper elaborates on certain ideas which were first presented in the author's paper, “The Religious Revival in America?”, Jane Zahn, ed., Religion and the Face of America. Berkeley: Universit...
The Impact of R&D Subsidies on the Introduction of New Products by Incumbent Firms

This paper analyzes the impact of R&D subsidies on incumbent firms to introduce new goods. We are especially interested in investigating various consequences of government subsidies for R&D, provided to firms that offer products of different qualities. This study examines the incentives of incumbent firms to introduce new products of various quality, their prices, as well as the product variety offered on the market. We find that the innovator always introduces a new product of higher quality and withdraws the existing product from the market. Providing an R&D subsidy to a high-quality firm results in a new product with higher quality than an R&D subsidy provided to a low-quality firm, at the expense of all consumers paying higher prices for all goods in the market. When the R&D subsidy is small, the low quality firm may not introduce a new product into the market, given that R&D costs for quality improvement are high and the degree of product differentiation is small.
Amino Acid Sequence of the f2 Coat Protein

Abstract The complete amino acid sequence of the f2 coat protein has been determined by enzymatic fragmentation of the tryptic peptides. The sequences within these smaller units were established by a combination of methods such as subtractive Edman degradation, leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidases A and B digestion, and hydrazinolysis. Since the tryptic peptides have already been ordered, the data presented in this paper provide sufficient evidence for the proposed structure of the coat protein.
Information-based modeling of event-related brain dynamics

We discuss the theory and practice of applying independent component analysis (ICA) to electroencephalographic (EEG) data. ICA blindly decomposes multi-channel EEG data into maximally independent component processes (ICs) that typically express either particularly brain generated EEG activities or some type of non-brain artifacts (line or other environmental noise, eye blinks and other eye movements, or scalp or heart muscle activity). Each brain and non-brain IC is identified with an activity time course (its 'activation') and a set of relative strengths of its projections (by volume conduction) to the recording electrodes (its 'scalp map'). Many non-articraft IC scalp maps strongly resemble the projection of a single dipole, allowing the location and orientation of the best-fitting equivalent dipole (or other source model) to be easily determined. In favorable circumstances, ICA decomposition of high-density scalp EEG data appears to allow concurrent monitoring, with high time resolution, of separate EEG activities in twenty or more separate cortical EEG source areas. We illustrate the differences between ICA and traditional approaches to EEG analysis by comparing time courses and mean event related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) of scalp channel and IC data. Comparing IC activities across subjects necessitates clustering of similar Ics based on common dynamic and/or spatial features. We discuss and illustrate such a component clustering strategy. In sum, continued application of ICA methods in EEG research should continue to yield new insights into the nature and role of the complex macroscopic cortical dynamics captured by scalp electrode recordings.
Wavelength tunable plasmon enhanced photoluminescence from quantum dots

We present a strategy for enhancing the photoluminescence intensity of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) by plasmonic light concentration by nanodiscs. The enhancement can be tuned by tailoring the extinction spectrum of the nanostructures for the QD emission wavelengths.
Statistical Analysis of Global Motion Chains

Multiple elements such as lighting, colors, dialogue, and camera motion contribute to the style of a movie. Among them, camera motion is commonly overlooked yet a crucial point. For instance, documentaries tend to use long smooth pans whereas action movies usually have short and dynamic movements. This information, also referred to as global motion, could be leveraged by various applications in video clustering, stabilization, and editing. We perform analyses to study the in-class characteristics of these motions as well as their relationship with motions of other movie types. In particular, we model global motion as a multi-scale distribution of transformation matrices from frame to frame. Secondly, we quantify the difference between pairs of videos using the KL-divergence of these distributions. Finally, we demonstrate an application modeling and clustering commercial and amateur videos. Experiments performed show advantage compared to the usage of some local motion-based approaches.
p53 Immunoreactivity in Barrett's metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma

Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic condition with an unpredictable potential for neoplasia. Mutations of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 have been implicated in the evolution of some carcinomas. These mutations frequently result in intranuclear protein accumulation, which can be detected immunohistochemically. This study was undertaken to determine whether p53 immunoreactivity in Barrett's esophagus is a marker of neoplasia and, if so, when it occurs in the metapasasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. Twenty-eight esophageal resection specimens were studied. Barrett's mucosa was present in each specimen, low-grade dysplasia in 27, high-grade dysplasia in 26, intramucosal cancer in 18, and submucosal cancer in 5. Immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody Pab1801 was used to detect the intranuclear protein product of mutated p53. No p53 immunoreactivity was seen in specimens of Barrett's mucosa or low-grade dysplasia. p53 immunoreactivity was found only in specimens of high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal cancer, and submucosal cancer. Sixty-nine percent (18/26) of these specimens exhibited mutated p53;18 of 26 specimens of high-grade dysplasia (69 %), 12 of 18 intramucosal cancer specimens (67 %), and two of five submucosal cancer specimens (40 % ) expressed mutated p53. When p53 staining was observed, the spectrum of neoppassic changes (highgrade dysplasia, intramucosal cancer, submucosal cancer) within the specimen was positive. We conclude that (1) p53 immunoreactivity in Barrett's esophagus is a frequent, but not inclusive, marker for high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal cancer, and submucosal cancer and (2) immunoreactivity occurs late in the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, during the transition to high-grade dysplasia.
Pseudomonotone and copositive star matrices

Abstract We study general and complementarity properties of matrices which are either pseudomonotone or copositive star on a closed convex cone. In particular we show that if a matrix is pseudomonotone on the nonnegative orthant of R n , then it belongs to P 0 ∩ Q 0 . We also show that if a matrix T is copositive star on a closed convex cone K , then the linear complementarity problem LCP( T,K,q ) is solvable for all q in R n iff zero is the only solution of the (homogeneous) problem LCP( T,K, 0). We characterize pseudomonotonicity of a matrix T by the nonnegativity of the quadratic form 〈 Tx,x 〉 on a certain set.
Surgical management of glaucoma associated with pseudophakia

These Viewpoints papers explore the surgical options for a 71-year-old African-American patient with uncontrolled intraocular pressure on maximally tolerated medical therapy. Dr. Rockwood argues for trabeculectomy with an antimetabolite, and Dr. Coleman presents the case for implanting a drainage device. ( Surv Ophthalmol 46: 275-282, 2001. © 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.)
JUDGMENTS OF FIT IN THE SELECTION PROCESS: THE ROLE OF WORK VALUE CONGRUENCE

Work values were examined as an antecedent of recruiters' judgments of applicant fit with the organization. Data were collected on the work values of recruiters, their organizations, and job applicants in actual job interviews conducted through the placement center of a large university. Following the interviews, recruiters evaluated applicants' general employability and organization-specific fit. Approximately 4 months following the interviews, data on whether the applicants were invited for a second interview were also obtained. Work value congruence between the applicant and the recruiter was found to be related to judgments of general employability and organization-specific fit. Congruence between the applicant and the organization (as perceived by the recruiter) was not related to judgments of employability and organization-specific fit. Recruiter ratings of employability were related to the decision to invite the applicant for a second interview. Work value congruence was not related to second interview decisions. It is concluded that if work values and judgments of applicant fit influence the personnel selection process, they are more likely to do so at later stages when job offer decisions are made. Work values and judgments of applicant fit seem to have minimal impact on decisions to retain the applicant for additional consideration in early stages of the selection process.
Las relaciones entre la identidad y el aprendizaje

ResumenEl aprendizaje esta situado en las practicas comunitarias de tal manera que los ninos aprenden mediante la participacion dentro de las comunidades en las que viven. El aprendizaje que se produce mediante la participacion en las practicas de una comunidad influye en su interpretacion del mundo social y en su implicacion en el mismo; e influye a su vez en su identidad como participante de una comunidad. En el presente articulo se explorara la conexion entre el aprendizaje y la identidad desde una perspectiva sociocultural. Los ninos participan en muchas comunidades, como la casa y la escuela, y deben generalizar correctamente el aprendizaje de unas a otras. Se revisara la investigacion de la conexion entre identidad y aprendizaje escolar, porque en muchos paises en los que la educacion es obligatoria la escuela es un contexto importante para la mencionada generalizacion. A continuacion se examinaran las decisiones que toman los ninos respecto a cuando y como generalizar el aprendizaje de un contexto ...
Absolute measurement of species differences in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/Ntcp) and its modulation in cultured hepatocytes

Species differences among membrane transporters can be remarkable and difficult to properly assess by conventional methods. Herein, we employed the first use of stable isotope labeling in mammals or stable isotope-labeled peptides combined with mass spectrometry to identify species differences in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/Ntcp) protein expression in liver tissue and to characterize the modulation of protein expression in sandwich-cultured human (SCHH) and rat hepatocytes (SCRH). The lower limit of quantification was established to be 5 fmol on column with a standard curve that was linear up to 2000 fmol. The accuracy and precision were evaluated with three quality control samples and known amounts of synthetic proteotypic peptides that were spiked into the membrane protein extracts. The overall relative error and coefficient of variation were less than 10%. The expression of Ntcp in mouse and rat was significant higher than that in human (five-fold) and monkey (two-fold) and ranked as mouse > rat >> monkey > human. In the cultured hepatocytes, although significant downregulation of Ntcp expression in SCRH at day 5 after the culture was detected, NTCP expression in SCHH was comparable to the suspension hepatocytes. The results suggested that NTCP/Ntcp modulation in cultured hepatocytes is species specific.
Experimental Therapies to Support the Failing Lung

Many conventional therapies are designed to treat acute lung injury. Although evidence exists that improved outcomes are a result of these therapies, mortality remains high in this population. Perhaps one of the key reasons why mortality remains high in the failing lung population is that current therapies do not "cure" the problem; current therapies are designed to support the lung, rather than fix the pulmonary problem. In this paper, a review of new and experimental therapies to support the failing lung are presented. Therapies such as prone positioning, nitric oxide, and mediator therapies are addressed. It is likely that newer therapies offer the most hope for improving the high mortality associated with acute lung injury.
Identification of a novel splicing isoform of murine CGI-58

The comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) gene, mutations of which are linked to Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, encodes a protein of the α/β hydrolase domain subfamily. We report here a new alternative splicing isoform of the murine CGI-58 gene, termed mCGI-58S. Sequence comparison indicates the lack of second and third exons in this cDNA variant. While the full-length protein displayed perilipin-dependent localization to lipid droplets, mCGI-58S showed a predominant cytoplasmic staining when expressed in cells. mCGI-58S was incapable of activating adipose triglyceride lipase but retained the capacity to acylate lysophosphatidic acid. Overexpression of mCGI-58S failed to promote lipid droplet turnover and loss of intracellular triacylglycerols. These results suggest that this splicing event may be involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.
Several recursive techniques for observer/Kalman filter system identification from data

This paper derives algorithms for identifying autoregressive models, with external input, of multi-input multi-output systems from data using a fast transversal filter or a least-squares lattice filter. The autoregressive models including external inputs are used to identify state-space models and the corresponding observer/Kalman filter gains of the system. The derivation is an extension of scalar autoregressive model approaches, modified to cope with multivariables, external inputs and an extra direct-influence term. Comparisons between the fast transversal filter, the least-squares lattice filter and the classical least-squares method are made in terms of complexity, computational cost and practical applications issues. A numerical example is included to illustrate the approach.
Hypnotizability and the Modification of Cognitive Search Strategies

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine if Ss judged to be low in hypnotizability could be taught the efficient search strategies used by high hypnotizable Ss in the performance of a cognitive search task. Ss were requested to find objects embedded within a variety of pictorial scenes. High hypnotizable Ss were found to be more adept than low hypnotizables at finding more objects correctly. When low hypnotizable Ss were taught the efficient search strategies used by the high hypnotizables, their performance improved and was not significantly different from that of the high hypnotizable Ss. Implications of these results for teaching search strategies are discussed.