cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MACE: Detecting Privilege Escalation Vulnerabilities in Web Applications

We explore the problem of identifying unauthorized privilege escalation instances in a web application. These vulnerabilities are typically caused by missing or incorrect authorizations in the server side code of a web application. The problem of identifying these vulnerabilities is compounded by the lack of an access control policy specification in a typical web application, where the only supplied documentation is in fact its source code. This makes it challenging to infer missing checks that protect a web application's sensitive resources. To address this challenge, we develop a notion of authorization context consistency, which is satisfied when a web application consistently enforces its authorization checks across the code. We then present an approach based on program analysis to check for authorization state consistency in a web application. Our approach is implemented in a tool called MACE that uncovers vulnerabilities that could be exploited in the form of privilege escalation attacks. In particular, MACE is the first tool reported in the literature to identify a new class of web application vulnerabilities called Horizontal Privilege Escalation (HPE) vulnerabilities. MACE works on large codebases, and discovers serious, previously unknown, vulnerabilities in 5 out of 7 web applications tested. Without MACE, a comparable human-driven security audit would require weeks of effort in code inspection and testing.
Diabetes insipidus in pregnancy as a first sign of a craniopharyngioma

Abstract A patient is described who developed diabetes insipidus during pregnancy. During a revised Carter test performed at 36 wk gestation using DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin), uterine activity was recorded with a maximum activity of 120 Montevideo Units. The induction of uterine activity by DDAVP in our patient might be related to the high endogenous oxytocin levels or to the far advanced state of amenorrhea. Post partum, the patient reported decreased vision, and the visual fields were found to be abnormal. A neurosurgical procedure followed, and the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was made.
Application of a mode-matching technique to quantum-wire transitions and discontinuities

Modal expansions of the wave function and a mode-matching technique are used to calculate the transmission characteristics of semiconductor quantum wire structures assuming hard wall confmement in the transverse directions. Results for cascaded right-angle bends and periodic structures in a split-gate configuration are presented. A sharp transition to a plateau of zero conductance is observed for the double bend configuration. For periodic structures in the split-gate configuration, highly resonant behavior similar to that in tunneling resonant diodes is found. Calculated current-voltage characteristics for the case of two narrow constrictions are shown, exhibiting a region of negative differential resistance.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cornea: Window to Ocular Immunology

The ocular surface is continuously exposed to environmental agents such as allergens, pollutants, and microorganisms, which could provoke inflammation. However, an array of anatomical, physiological, and immunological features of the ocular surface conspire to limit corneal inflammation and endow the eye with immune privilege. A remarkable example of ocular immune privilege is the success of corneal allografts, which unlike all other forms of organ transplantation, survive without the use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or MHC matching. This review describes the anatomical, physiological, and dynamic immunoregulatory processes that contribute to immune privilege.
Child Maltreatment Intervention: Directions and Issues.

This article begins with a brief review of various non-medical intervention procedures for child maltreatment. Psychological intervention is reviewed in more depth, with an emphasis placed on those treatments which have been empirically evaluated. Finally, the article discusses methodological and ethical issues concerning outcome research on maltreatment intervention. Language: en
The crystal structure of BlmI as a model for nonribosomal peptide synthetase peptidyl carrier proteins

Carrier proteins (CPs) play a critical role in the biosynthesis of various natural products, especially in nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymology, where the CPs are referred to as peptidyl-carrier proteins (PCPs) or acyl-carrier proteins (ACPs), respectively. CPs can either be a domain in large multifunctional polypeptides or standalone proteins, termed Type I and Type II, respectively. There have been many biochemical studies of the Type I PKS and NRPS CPs, and of Type II ACPs. However, recently a number of Type II PCPs have been found and biochemically characterized. In order to understand the possible interaction surfaces for combinatorial biosynthetic efforts we crystallized the first characterized and representative Type II PCP member, BlmI, from the bleomycin biosynthetic pathway from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC 15003. The structure is similar to CPs in general but most closely resembles PCPs. Comparisons with previously determined PCP structures in complex with catalytic domains reveals a common interaction surface. This surface is highly variable in charge and shape, which likely confers specificity for interactions. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of a prototypical Type I PCP excised from the multimodular context revealed three conformational states. Comparison of the states with the structure of BlmI and other PCPs reveals that only one of the NMR states is found in other studies, suggesting the other two states may not be relevant. The state represented by the BlmI crystal structure can therefore serve as a model for both Type I and Type II PCPs.
Architecture for Building Conversational Agents that Support Collaborative Learning

Tutorial Dialog Systems that employ Conversational Agents (CAs) to deliver instructional content to learners in one-on-one tutoring settings have been shown to be effective in multiple learning domains by multiple research groups. Our work focuses on extending this successful learning technology to collaborative learning settings involving two or more learners interacting with one or more agents. Experience from extending existing techniques for developing conversational agents into multiple-learner settings highlights two underlying assumptions from the one-learner setting that do not generalize well to the multiuser setting, and thus cause difficulties. These assumptions include what we refer to as the near-even participation assumption and the known addressee assumption. A new software architecture called Basilica that allows us to address and overcome these limitations is a major contribution of this article. The Basilica architecture adopts an object-oriented approach to represent agents as a network composed of what we refer to as behavioral components because they enable the agents to engage in rich conversational behaviors. Additionally, we describe three specific conversational agents built using Basilica in order to illustrate the desirable properties of this new architecture.
Child Neglect: Assessment and Intervention

Neglect is often a neglected form of child maltreatment even though it is the most common and deadliest form of child maltreatment. Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) will most likely encounter neglected children in their practice. It is crucial that PNPs recognize child neglect in a timely manner and intervene appropriately. This continuing education article will help PNPs understand and respond to child neglect. Neglect will be defined and risk factors will be discussed. Children who are neglected can experience serious and lifelong consequences. The medical assessment and plan of care for children with concerns of suspected neglect will be discussed.
Investigation of broad-band quantum-well infrared photodetectors for 8-14-/spl mu/m detection

Typical quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) exhibit a rather narrow spectral bandwidth of 1-2 /spl mu/m. For certain applications, such as spectroscopy, sensing a broader range of infrared radiation is highly desirable. In this paper, we report the design of four broad-band QWIPs (BB-QWIPs) sensitive over the 8-14-/spl mu/m spectral range. Two n-type BB-QWIPs, consisting of three and four quantum wells of different thickness and/or composition in a unit cell which is then repeated 20 times to create the BB-QWIP structure, are demonstrated. The three-well n-type In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As-Al/sub y/Ga/sub 1-y/As BB-QWIP was designed to have a response peak at 10 /spl mu/m, with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth that varies with the applied bias. A maximum bandwidth of /spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda//sub p/=21% was obtained for this device at V/sub b/=-2 V. The four-well n-type In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As-GaAs BB-QWIP not only exhibits a large responsivity of 2.31 A/W at 10.3 /spl mu/m and V/sub b/=+4.5 V, but also achieves a bandwidth of /spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda//sub p/=29% that is broader than the three-well device. In addition, two p-type In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As-GaAs BB-QWIPs with variable well thickness and composition, sensitive in the 7-14-/spl mu/m spectral range, are also demonstrated. The variable composition p-type BB-QWIP has a large FWHM bandwidth of /spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda//sub p/=48% at T=40 K and V/sub b/=-1.5 V. The variable thickness p-type BB-QWIP was found to have an even broader FWHM bandwidth of /spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda//sub p/=63% at T=40 K and V/sub b/=1.1 V, with a corresponding peak responsivity of 25 mA/W at 10.2 /spl mu/m. The results show that a broader and flatter spectral bandwidth was obtained in both p-type BB-QWIP's than in the n-type BS-QWIP's under similar operating conditions.
Heschel’s View of Religious Diversity

A number of prominent Christian theologians who have contemplated the issue of religious diversity speak of three major models for approaching it: exclusivist, inclusivist, and pluralist. Claiming that “diversity of religions is the will of God,” Abraham Joshua Heschel was certainly no exclusivist. But he also was neither a pluralist nor an inclusivist in the way these terms are commonly used by Christian theologians. Much like the Dalai Lama’s perspective on Buddhism vis-a -vis other religions, Heschel’s distinctive Jewish approach to religious diversity transcended the categories created by Christian scholars.
Methods of parentage analysis in natural populations

The recent proliferation of hypervariable molecular markers has ushered in a surge of techniques for the analysis of parentage in natural and experimental populations. Consequently, the potential for meaningful studies of paternity and maternity is at an all-time high. However, the details and implementation of the multifarious techniques often differ in subtle ways that can influence the results of parentage analyses. Now is a good time to reflect on the available techniques and to consider their strengths and weaknesses. Here, we review the leading techniques in parentage analysis, with a particular emphasis on those that have been implemented in readily useable software packages. Our survey leads to some important insights with respect to the utility of the different approaches. This review should serve as a useful guide to anyone who wishes to embark on the study of parentage.
Historical Thinking in the Third Grade

This article shares findings of how two third-grade children who have systematically studied history in grades K–3 analyzed historical sources on a topic about which they had no prior knowledge. In think-aloud interviews, the children analyzed written documents on the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act. One of the children, who tested on the third-grade level for reading, demonstrated extensive use of the sourcing heuristic and analogical thinking to contextualize and interpret the documents. Care and imagination seemed to facilitate the child's deployment of historical thinking. Both children informed their judgments about the Dawes Act by referencing the evidence. These findings suggest that curriculum, rather than age, is the strongest limit on U.S. elementary students’ engagement in historical thinking. The findings also provide evidence of gifted and talented ability in the specific domain of historical thinking and suggest that analogical thinking deserves greater attention in our efforts to understand and te...
Children of Immigrants in the Child Welfare System: Characteristics, Risk, and Maltreatment:

Children in immigrant families face a number of risks that may lead to involvement with child welfare agencies. Yet, little is known about their involvement in this system. This study analyzes data...
Comparison of electric field and charge density distributions using the Kerr electro-optic method with blade-plane and point-plane electrodes

The Kerr electro-optic field mapping technique has been used to study space charge effects in high voltage pulsed propylene carbonate (C/sub 4/H/sub 6/O/sub 3/) using aluminum blade-plane and point-plane electrode geometries. Measurements presented here were taken using a circular polariscope with aligned polarizers at slightly elevated room temperature (T/spl sim/27/spl deg/C) with calculated space charge free peak electric field strengths of /spl sim/210 kV/cm at the blade electrode tip and /spl sim/240 kV/cm at the point electrode tip and for times ranging from 10 /spl mu/s to 400 /spl mu/s. The light intensity was recorded on Polaroid film for the blade- and point-plane electrodes and also with a CCD camera for the point-plane electrodes. A CCD camera was used for the point-plane electrodes to more accurately resolve the gray-scale light intensity distribution because of the short optical path length. These high voltage Kerr electro-optic measurements show significant space charge effects in propylene carbonate as the light intensity maxima and minima significantly differ from the calculated patterns from numerical solutions to Laplace's equation under space-charge free conditions.
Estimating path loss in wireless local area networks using ordinary kriging

This paper introduces ordinary kriging as a new tool to predict network coverage in wireless local area networks. The proposed approach aims to reduce the cost of active site surveys by estimating path loss at points where no measurement data is available using samples taken at other points. To take the effect of obstacles on the covariance among points into account, a distance measure is proposed based on an empirical path loss model. The performance of the proposed approach is tested in a simulated wireless local area network. The results show that ordinary kriging is able to estimate path loss with acceptable error levels.
The Place of Quinolones in Everyday Clinical Practice

The new fluoroquinolones have many attributes and relatively few drawbacks. As a result, they have been rapidly adopted for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. The currently available fluoroquinolones are particularly effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections, bacterial diarrhea, enteric fever, gonorrhea, chancroid, skin and soft tissue infections, acute and chronic gram-negative osteomyelitis, gram-negative pneumonias, serious infections due to a variety of gram-negative bacilli, and in the eradication of the meningococcal carrier state. As we learn more about the properties of these compounds, the number and variety of infections for which they are useful continues to expand.
Temperature Related Structural Changes in Wheat and Corn Starch Granules and Their Effects on Gels and Dry Foam

The effect of processing temperature on structural changes in wheat, corn, and high amylose corn starch granules was investigated and related to the mechanical properties of gels and microcellular foam (MCF). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that wheat starch granules form ghosts with thicker walls than dent corn granules. The granule wall was permeable to water and appeared to be at least partially permeable to the solubilized contents of the granule. The ghost walls became visibly porous after heating at 95°C for 60 min and were completely solubilized by heating to 120°C. High-amylose corn starch (HACS) granules were completely dissolved by heating to 140°C. Gels made with wheat starch had higher gel strength and dynamic modulus compared to dent corn starch gels. The density, compressive strength and modulus of MCF were lower in samples cooked for 60 min. The density of dent corn MCF was higher than that of wheat starch which may have accounted for higher compressive strength and modulus in the corn sample. MCF made from HACS had higher surface area and lower density, compressive strength, and modulus than the other starches tested. There were no significant differences in pore volume or surface area due to extended cooking times.
Epidermal mucinosis in mycosis fungoides

In many cases of mycosis fungoides there is widening of the epidermal intercellular spaces (i.e., spongiosis) and papillary dermal fibrosis with minimal papillary dermal edema. Twenty biopsies of mycosis fungoides, stained with a modified colloidal iron procedure, were analyzed to substantiate the notion that the spongiosis resulted from the formation of an osmotic gradient because of intercellular acidic mucopolysaccharide deposition. In nineteen of twenty cases of patch-plaque mycosis fungoides, there was positive intercellular deposition of acidic mucopolysaccharides. In addition to the contribution of acidic mucopolysaccharides to the process of spongiosis, the biologic significance of epidermal mucin deposition is discussed. Mycosis fungoides should be added to the growing list of diseases in which there is epidermal mucinosis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 15:83-86, 1986.)
Refractometric determination of second-order transition in polyvinyl acetate

The refractive index-temperature data for polyvinyl acetate show a second-order phase transition temperature of 24°C.
Risk factors for hospital-acquired antimicrobial-resistant infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii can cause serious healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the incidence is increasing, with many strains now resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. The aims of this study were to examine factors associated with HAIs caused by antimicrobial-resistant as compared with antimicrobial-susceptible strains of A. baumannii and to investigate trends in the incidence of resistance over time. Electronic data from two U.S. hospitals in a large urban healthcare system in over the years 2006–2012 were used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore risk factors for infection with A. baumannii resistant to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam in the bloodstream, urinary tract, and respiratory tract. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to explore resistance trends over time. A total of 671 adults with first-time A. baumannii infection were included in the analysis; 302 isolates (45 %) were resistant to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam and 369 (55 %) were susceptible. In the multivariable analysis, significant risk factors included longer length of stay prior to infection (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.03; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.04), hospital A versus B (OR = 0.35; 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.93), and antibiotic use prior to infection (OR = 2.88; 95 % CI: 1.02, 8.13). Resistance was more common in respiratory infections (OR = 2.96; 95 % CI: 1.04, 8.44). No trend was found between year of infection and resistance. The risk factors we identified are consistent with previous findings, but we found no evidence in this population that resistance to ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam was increasing over time.
Size effect in contact compression of nano- and microscale pyramid structures

An electrochemical etching approach was developed to fabricate self-similar nano- and microscale pyramid structures on single-crystal gold (1 0 0) surfaces. Using their unique self-similar characteristics, pyramids of (1 1 4) facets were compressed to study the length scale effects in the contact pressure and plastic deformation. At first, many pyramids were compressed simultaneously with a flat mica sheet to measure the ridge angle changes of the deformed pyramids with respect to the sizes of the flattened area. The ridge angle changes were scattered between approximately 2° and 13° for compression displacements of 50–350 nm, in contrast to the perfect plasticity prediction of −4.7°. Then, individual pyramids isolated with a focused ion beam were compressed with a flat tip nanoindenter for displacements of approximately 10–100 nm to obtain the relationship between the contact pressure and the compression depth. The plastic deformation-adjusted contact pressure evaluated by taking into account the initial 6–14 nm roundness offset of the pyramids is characterized by an initial increase up to approximately 2.5 GPa for a shallow compression depth within 10 nm followed by a gradual decay to approximately 450 MPa at a compression depth of 100 nm. This pressure seems to be still decaying towards an asymptotic value predicted by a continuum limit analysis. Given the size and self-similar nature of the pyramids, various mechanisms could possibly contribute to the observed scale dependence. The current study provides valuable experimental evidence for size-dependent material behavior at small length scales.
Minimal period retiming under process variations

With aggressive scaling down of feature sizes in VLSI fabrication, process variations have become a critical issue in designs. With process variations, timing optimization should consider the randomness introduced in delays. This paper considers how to retime a circuit under process variations. A statistical retiming problem is defined on the concept of a disutility function. Based on a new minimal period retiming algorithm, two algorithms are presented for the statistical retiming problem. Both theoretical and experimental results are given.
Dissolved organic matter produced by Thalassiosira pseudonana

Abstract Phytoplankton are significant producers of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in marine ecosystems but the identity and dynamics of this DOM remain poorly constrained. Knowledge on the identity and dynamics of DOM is crucial for understanding the molecular-level reactions at the base of the global carbon cycle. Here we apply emerging analytical and computational tools from metabolomics to investigate the composition of DOM produced by the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We assessed both intracellular metabolites within T. pseudonana (the endo-metabolome) and extracellular metabolites released by T. pseudonana (the exo-metabolome). The intracellular metabolites had a more variable composition than the extracellular metabolites. We putatively identified novel compounds not previously associated with T. pseudonana as well as compounds that have previously been identified within T. pseudonana's metabolic capacity (e.g. dimethylsulfoniopropionate and degradation products of chitin). The resulting information will provide the basis for future experiments to assess the impact of T. pseudonana on the composition of dissolved organic matter in marine environments.
Issues in the Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometric Characterization of $\hbox{YBa}_{2}\hbox{Cu}_{3}\hbox{O}_{7 - \delta}$

YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123) can have significant variation in oxygen content on a micron scale in superconducting devices, and this causes a range of superconducting properties-generally impairing the performance of the superconductor. This study initially aimed to determine variation in O content of Y123 using electron microprobe analysis. High-quality electron microprobe analysis requires flat, usually polished, samples. Polishing Y123 produces a change in O content in surface layers relative to that of the parent as polishing a ceramic involves partial to complete surface amorphization. The analyses are not appropriate for the parent (much lower O), evidence of inhomogeneity of oxygen is removed, and the resultant material absorbs oxygen from the environment. After ion milling, the new surface more reflects the parent; comparison of unprocessed materials with polished and milled ones suggests that milling does not seriously alter the O Kα peak shape. Furthermore, milled surfaces reveal inhomogeneities obscured in polished surfaces. O Kα peaks derived from milled surfaces were compared with those from standard oxides; all standards were found to have peak shapes that do not conform to those of Y123. Because peak width:height is markedly different, the analytical assumption that peak height is proportional to peak area is violated. Alternative methods of determining peak area without mapping the entire peak are required to perform high-quality Y123 analyses; these are being developed.
Radical Politics and Marxism in the History of Science

The radical political activism of the 1960s and 1970s became the starting point for an exploration of Marxist historical materialism as it could be applied to the history of biology. In particular Marxism helped to point out the relationship between the development and accumulation of capital following the great burst of industrial growth in the United States after 1865, and its expansion into agriculture. The “industrialization” of agriculture provided a stimulus for the development not only of agricultural technology but also Mendelian theory and its associated social theory, eugenics.
Sympathetic nerve activity during natural stimulation of horizontal semicircular canals in humans

We have shown that static head-down neck flexion elicits increases in muscle (MSNA) but not skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in humans. These findings suggest that stimulation of the otolith ...
Structural Optimization of 3D Porous Electrodes for High-Rate Performance Lithium Ion Batteries

Much progress has recently been made in the development of active materials, electrode morphologies and electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. Well-defined studies on size effects of the three-dimensional (3D) electrode architecture, however, remain to be rare due to the lack of suitable material platforms where the critical length scales (such as pore size and thickness of the active material) can be freely and deterministically adjusted over a wide range without affecting the overall 3D morphology of the electrode. Here, we report on a systematic study on length scale effects on the electrochemical performance of model 3D np-Au/TiO2 core/shell electrodes. Bulk nanoporous gold provides deterministic control over the pore size and is used as a monolithic metallic scaffold and current collector. Extremely uniform and conformal TiO2 films of controlled thickness were deposited on the current collector by employing atomic layer deposition (ALD). Our experiments demonstrate profound performance improvements ...
Dose-morality and large-scale studies for controlling codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) eggs on 'd'Agen' plums by using methyl bromide.

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), eggs on ‘d’Agen’ cultivar of plums, Prunus salicina Lindl., were treated with methyl bromide to determine if a quarantine treatment could be developed so that the plums could be exported to Japan from the United States. Small-scale tests consisted of treating codling moth eggs on plums with various doses of methyl bromide at 20°C for 2 h. Small-scale tests showed that 0- to 24-h-old eggs of codling moth on the plums were controlled by doses >22.5 g/m3. Because testing showed that 48 g/m3 had no adverse effect on the quality of plums, this dose was chosen for large-scale testing to establish the quarantine dose. Large-scale tests consisted of treating plums at 18.5°C for 2 h using methyl bromide at a dose of 48 mg/liter. Large-scale tests showed that the dose of 48 g/m3 killed all 0- to 24-h-old codling moth eggs exposed on plums in packing cartons without affecting the quality of the plums.
Alternative Gate Dielectrics for Microelectronics

This brief article sets the context for the March 2002 issue of MRS Bulletin focusing on Alternative Gate Dielectrics for Microelectronics. Contributors are several experts from industry and academia engaged in the search for manufacturable solutions for a suitable alternative gate dielectric to SiO2 using high-dielectric-constant (high-ĸ) materials. Issues discussed in the articles include thermodynamics criteria for materials selection, materials interactions in the construction of the transistor gate stack, characterization of alternative materials, determination of suitable band offsets for candidate dielectrics, and integration of these alternative gate dielectrics in a manufacturable environment.
Control of the Fruit Tree Leaf Roller with Lubricating Oil Emulsion

From 1922 to 1924, the Fruit Tree Leaf Roller, Archips argyrospila, increased in abundance in the western Illinois orchards, and for the first time became a serious pest of apples in this section. In 1924, this insect destroyed up to 50% of the entire crop in some of the largest orchards. During the winter of 1924-25, experimental work was carried on to test the effect of different oils and oil emulsions on the eggs of this insect. The result of these experiments showed a very high kill of eggs by the use of 8% boiled lubricating oil emulsion, and by some of the commercial oils. Some of the largest orchards were sprayed with this strength of oil emulsion during the dormant period, and a nearly complete clean-up of leaf roller obtained. The damage was reduced in 1925 to a point where only 2% or less of the apples showed feeding by the leaf roller larvae. The eggs of the leaf roller were fully as abundant in these orchards in the winter of 1924-25, as was the case in the winter of 1923-24. Data on the hatch of eggs from untreated check plots showed a very high per cent of hatch. No bad effects from spraying with the percentage of lubricating oil emulsion was noted during the summer of 1925, and trees thus sprayed bore heavy crops of fruit during this season.
Abstract 33: Implementing CAD cells quantify the relationships between Ig-CAM-mediated adhesion, force transduction, and actin dynamics

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Several neuro-degenerative diseases and motor defects have been linked to malfunctions in the motility of neurons. This project is focused on the determining whether the roles of the transmembrane proteins NCAM and L1-CAM can be studied using the CAD cell line as a model. CAD cells are a cancer cell line that come from mice and can be stimulated to grow as either neurons or glial cells. In addition, this cell line has been shown to be an easily transfected line. In order to determine usefulness of this cell line several techniques were used. Western blots were implemented in order to determine if the NCAM and/or L1-CAM and proteins known to be involved in their signaling pathways were present in the cell line. Western blots were then confirmed by immunocytochemistry staining. Next, the CAD cell line was transfected with photoactivateable actin. Finally, immuno beads were attached to the membranes of these CAD cells and then holographic optical tweezers were used to determine whether or not thsee ligands coupled to the retrograde actin flow in the cells. The combination of these experiments should provide the evidence for whether or not the CAD cells would be a feasible model to study the nature of the NCAM and L1-CAM proteins and their relationship to the movement of actin in the cytoskeleton of neurons. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 33. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-33
Analysis on the Ancient Town of Public Space Protective Renovation Plan——With Heping Ancient Town as an Example

This article through the in-depth research of the protective renovate planning of public space of the Heping Ancient town in Northern Fujian province of famous historical and cultural towns,view on the protection of famous historical and cultural towns either material or non-material heritage of the estate is devoted to cultural heritage and historical development,has a similar interpretation of the source.As one of the driving force behind the revival of towns and has the characteristics of traditional history of public space for cultural heritage protection,is essentially the protection of famous historical and cultural towns grasp on planning strategy.
Proportions and Correlates of Recent HIV Infections Among Newly Reported HIV-1 Cases from 2006 Through 2011 in Yuxi Prefectures

Objective To discuss the proportions and correlates of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV-1 cases from 2006 through 2011 in Yuxi prefectures,Yunnan province. Methods All available serum samples of newly reported HIV / AIDS cases during 2006- 2011 in Yuxi prefecture,were tested using the ML-PA HIV incidence method,thus,we can get the new infection proportions and analyze its correlates.Results A total of 2018 HIV / AIDS cases were newly reported in 2006 to 2011,64 of which(3. 17%)are new HIV-1-infected ones. The proportion of recent HIV-1 infection among newly reported HIV / AIDS cases was 6. 91%(17 /246) in 2006,1. 90%(6 /316) in 2007,2. 83%( 11 /389) in 2008,2. 66%( 10 /376) in 2009,2. 40%(9 /375) in 2010,and 3. 48%(11 /316) in 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the proportion of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV / AIDS cases were all significantly which the females higher than males,the 16 ~ 35 years old group higher than others,unmarried cohabitation higher than married,junior college and higher education level higher than others,entertainment waiters and drivers higher than others,and men who have sex with men higher than others. Conclusion The proportions of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV-1cases keep a low level from 2006 through 2011 in Yuxi prefectures,Yunnan province,and a variety of factors affected the proportions of recent HIV infections.
Testing the construct validity of the PICTS proactive and reactive scores against six putative measures of proactive and reactive criminal thinking

ABSTRACTThis study tested the construct validity of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) Proactive (P) and Reactive (R) scores. The layperson version of the PICTS was administered to 277 (65 male, 212 female) undergraduates and correlated with putative measures of proactive and reactive criminal thinking. The hypothesis that P and the proactive scales would correlate ≥.30 in zero-order correlations and regression equations controlling for R, whereas R and the reactive scales would correlate ≥.30 in zero-order correlations and regression equations controlling for P found support in this study. This corroborates the construct validity of the PICTS P and R scores and indicates that self-report measures of moral disengagement and neutralization, on the one hand, and impulsivity and risk taking, on the other hand, may serve as effective proxies for proactive and reactive criminal thinking, respectively.
“Won’t You Be My Neighbor?”: Intergenerational Dialogics in Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood Viewer Mail

From the opening of each Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood (MRN) program, Fred Rogers invites his viewers to converse with him. MRN viewer letters demonstrate the efficacy of this call in the familiar and conversational manner in which viewers address the program’s host. This article examines a sample of these letters from the perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogical theorization of the conversational moment—a moment that “provokes an answer, anticipates it, and structures itself in the answer’s direction.” Along with Bakhtin, the dialogical perspectives of Roger Burggraeve, Paulo Freire, and Martin Buber are examined and applied to further elucidate the communication ethics at work in the lettered correspondence and on the television program. MRN viewer letters reveal a remarkable consistency in their thematic quality and constitute a field of study about the dialogical relationship between Rogers and his audience.
Assessing Residents’ Confidence in the Context of Pharmacotherapy Competence

We aimed to determine whether residents’ confidence initiating medications increased with the number of times they prescribed individual medications and to quantify the relationship between prescription frequency and gains in confidence. From July 2011 to June 2014, PGY-3 residents completed a survey of confidence levels at their psychopharmacology clinic orientation and then again 12 months later. The Emory Healthcare electronic medical record was used to identify all medications prescribed by each resident during their 12-month rotation and the frequency of these prescriptions. Confidence in initiating treatment with all medicines/medication classes increased over the 12-month period. For three of the medication classes for which residents indicated they were least confident at orientation, the number of prescriptions written during the year was significantly associated with an increase in confidence. Measuring resident confidence is a relevant and achievable outcome and provides data for educators regarding the amount of experience needed to increase confidence.
Diabetes Upregulation of Cyclooxygenase 2 Contributes to Altered Coronary Reactivity After Cardiac Surgery

Background We hypothesized that upregulation of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) contributes to altered coronary arteriolar reactivity early after cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass (CP/CPB) in patients with diabetes mellitus who are undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods The right atrial tissue samples of nondiabetes (ND), controlled diabetes (CDM), and uncontrolled diabetes (UDM) patients undergoing cardiac surgery were harvested before and after CP/CPB. Coronary arterioles (80 to 150 μm) were dissected from the harvested atrial tissue samples, cannulated, and pressurized. The changes in diameter were measured with video microscopy. The protein expression and localization of COX-1 and COX-2 were assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results In the diabetes arterioles, bradykinin-induced relaxation response was inhibited by the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 at baseline (p Conclusions Diabetes and CP/CPB are associated with upregulation in COX-2 expression in human coronary vasculature. Upregulation of COX-2 expression may contribute to bradykinin-induced coronary arteriolar relaxation in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Race, criminal justice professionals, and intellectual authority in fictional crime dramas

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to extend the existing media and crime literature by discussing how minority criminal justice personnel are granted or not granted intellectual authority in fictional crime dramas by their representation as presenters of crime and non-crime fact-based statements. An analysis of 117 episodes from four fictional crime dramas appearing in the top 20 Nielson ratings from 2003 to 2010 indicate that Black characters are not given the same intellectual authority as White characters, and therefore are imbued with less power and status than their White counterparts. In some cases, Black characters are not even given intellectual authority within their respective intellectual fields.
Mutation In Erythroid Specific Transcription Factor KLF1 Causes Hereditary Spherocytosis In the Nan (Neonatal Anemia) Hemolytic Anemia Mouse Model

Abstract 3217 The zinc finger protein Erythroid Kruuppel-like factor (EKLF, KLF1) regulates definitive erythropoiesis and terminal differentiation of red blood cells. KLF1 facilitates transcription through high affinity binding to CACCC elements within its erythroid-specific target genes which include genes encoding erythrocyte membrane skeleton (EMS) proteins. Deficiencies of EMS proteins lead to the hemolytic anemia Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS). We have identified a new HS gene by studying the hemolytic anemia mouse mutant Nan (Neonatal Anemia). Here we report that a mutation, E339D, in the second zinc finger domain of KLF1 is responsible for HS in Nan mice. The causative nature of the E339D mutation was verified with an allelic test cross between Nan/+ and heterozygous Klf1+/− knockout mice. Homology modeling predicted Nan KLF1 binds CACCC elements more tightly, suggesting that Nan KLF1 is a competitive inhibitor of wild type KLF1. Competitive inhibition may help explain the apparent disconnect between the finding that Nan/+ heterozygous mice are anemic, whereas Klf1+/− heterozygous mice are normal and haplo-sufficient. This is the first direct association of a KLF1mutation with a disease in adult mammals. After examining a small population of HS patients, we also discovered one HS patient with a KLF1 mutation, which resulted in a significant amino acid substitution (T251I) in the activator/repressor domain, 28 amino acid residues upstream of the first zinc finger domain. This HS subject had no known mutations in the exons or intron/exon boundaries of EMS genes (SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1) which comprise 85% of HS mutations in humans. The lack of a known genetic mutation in EMS genes leaves this patient9s KLF1 mutation as the leading candidate defect. The identification of the gene causing the Nan mutation is significant because the Nan mutant has allowed discovery of a new HS gene which may also cause this disease in humans. In addition, the putative dominant/negative competitive inhibition of the Nan mutation makes the Nan mouse an excellent model system to study the function of KLF1. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
States of Incarceration: an architectural perspective on immigrant detention in Texas

ABSTRACTBuildings and landscapes are crystallizations of dominant societal beliefs and practices. Architecture also shapes peoples’ experiences of places and institutions, and provides a unique source of evidence of historical change. This article describes how students from the School of Architecture and the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin researched the spaces of migrant detention in Texas, which is a critical part of America’s larger story of mass incarceration. Students mapped the physical locations, architectural forms, and building histories of Texas’ detention centers, and worked with migrants who had been detained to create visual stories of their migration journeys and experiences in detention. These methods support the argument that the spaces of immigrant detention – the material forms, geographic locations, institutional structures, and nested experiences – are critical to understanding a disjuncture between detention policy and detention practice. The US government asserts tha...
Tridentate arsenate complexation with ferric hydroxide and its effect on the kinetics of arsenate adsorption and desorption

The adsorption reactions of arsenate with ferric hydroxide minerals and amorphous ferric hydroxide play an important role in affecting the transport and fate of arsenate in the environment. Previous studies have investigated formation of mono- and bidentate complexes between arsenate and ferric hydroxide. Based on AsFe coordination numbers, there is spectroscopic evidence that arsenate may also form tridentate complexes with ferric hydroxide. However, the nature of these complexes and the reaction energies and activation barriers for their formation have not been investigated. This research used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine the structure of possible tridentate complexes and to determine reaction energies and activation barriers for forming different structures. Tridentate binding between arsenate and ferric hydroxide was found to be thermodynamically favorable for arsenate binding to two or three adjacent dioctahedral ferric hydroxide clusters. In addition, arsenate was also observed to form AsOAs bonds simultaneously to forming bidentate binuclear bonds with ferric hydroxide. The AsFe distances in the tridentate complexes differed from those calculated for bidentate complexes by an average distance of only 0.045 A. This suggests that spectroscopic methods (EXAFS) may not be able to distinguish bidentate from tridentate complexes based on interatomic distances. Formation of tridentate complexes required overcoming activation barriers ranging from 13 to 51 kcal/mol. Breaking of tridentate complexes had even greater activation barriers ranging from 18 to 62 kcal/mol. This suggests that tridentate complexation may contribute to previously observed extremely slow adsorption and desorption reactions of arsenate with ferric hydroxide.
The structural dynamics of social class

Individual agency accounts of social class persist in society and even in psychological science despite clear evidence for the role of social structures. This article argues that social class is defined by the structural dynamics of society. Specifically, access to powerful networks, groups, and institutions, and inequalities in wealth and other economic resources shape proximal social environments that influence how individuals express their internal states and motivations. An account of social class that highlights the means by which structures shape and are shaped by individuals guides our understanding of how people move up or down in the social class hierarchy, and provides a framework for interpreting neuroscience studies, experimental paradigms, and approaches that attempt to intervene on social class disparities.
Deliberative Democracy in Teacher Education

This paper aims to contribute to the valuable conversation about the role of deliberative democracy in teacher education. I consider both using pedagogy that engages deliberative democracy in process, thereby enhancing teaching, and advancing deliberative democracy as a worthy goal in teacher education. I begin by looking at recent changes in society that have reshaped student goals, educational accountability, and the priority of democracy within higher education. I highlight these changes to issue a call for a thoroughgoing commitment to deliberative democracy both in theory and in practice, as a means and an end. I expand on the definition of deliberative democracy and the skills necessary to fulfilling it as they relate to the goals of teacher education. I close by turning to exemplary programs in teacher education and showcasing some smaller steps toward incorporating democratic practices and assignments.
Attention based hierarchical LSTM network for context-aware microblog sentiment classification

Analyzing sentiment polarities of microblog has become a hot research topic for both academic and industrial communities. Most of the existing algorithms regard each microblog as an independent training instance. However, the sentiments embedded in short tweets are usually ambiguous and context-aware. Even a non-sentiment word might convey a clear emotional tendency in certain microblog conversations. In this paper, we regard the microblog conversation as sequence, and develop a Context Attention based Long Short-Term Memory (CA-LSTM) network to incorporate preceding tweets for context-aware sentiment classification. The CA-LSTM network has a hierarchial structure for modeling microblog sequence and allocates the words and tweets with different weights using attention mechanism. Our proposed method can not only alleviate the sparsity problem in feature space, but also capture long distance sentiment context dependency in microblog conversations. Experimental evaluations on a public available dataset show that the proposed CA-LSTM network with context information can outperform other strong baselines by a large margin.