cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Read Challenges in Crossbar Memories With Nanoscale Bidirectional Diodes and ReRAM Devices

This paper presents a simulation based study of the impact of nanoscale bidirectional diode reverse saturation current, junction capacitance, and crossbar coupling capacitances on the read operation of nanoscale ReRAM devices in 1Diode 1ReRAM crossbar memory architectures. Our results show that the maximum achievable crossbar memory density is a strong function of the diode reverse saturation current, which governs the sneak current in steady-state read mode. For read operations with ultrafast read voltage pulses, additional sneak paths due to diode junction capacitances and line-to-line coupling capacitances in crossbar arrays come into the picture. This causes transient spike in the read current, which can adversely affect the read energy and permissible read time. The overshoot in read current worsens as the size of crossbar arrays increases. The simulation studies presented here provides an in-depth understanding of these issues and its implications on resistive crossbar arrays.
Maximizing information obtained from secondary ion mass spectra of organic thin films using multivariate analysis

Abstract Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can give a detailed description of the surface chemistry and structure of organic materials. The high mass resolution and high mass range mass spectra obtainable from modern ToF-SIMS instruments offer the ability to rapidly obtain large amounts of data. Distillation of that data into usable information presents a significant problem in the analysis of ToF-SIMS data from organic materials. Multivariate data analysis techniques have become increasingly common for assisting with the interpretation of complex ToF-SIMS data sets. This study presents an overview of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) for analyzing the ToF-SIMS spectra of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed onto gold substrates and polymer molecular depth profiles obtained using an SF 5 + primary ion beam. The effect of data pretreatment on the information obtained from multivariate analysis of these data sets has been explored. Multivariate analysis is an important tool for maximizing the information obtained from the ToF-SIMS spectra of organic thin films.
Radial artery flow-through graft: a new conduit for limb salvage.

Abstract Objective Patients with severe peripheral occlusive disease may present especially challenging problems because of previous bypass surgery, location of ulcers, or extremely poor runoff. We used the radial artery with its overlying skin flap as a bypass conduit, called the radial artery flow-through (RAFT) graft in 10 such patients. Methods From November 1999 to January 2002, 10 patients had limb-threatening ischemia at presentation. All had severe inframalleolar vascular occlusive disease. Four patients had undergone previous conventional bypass procedures. Two grafts remained patent, but distal ulcers failed to heal. Eight patients were men. Seven patients had diabetes mellitus. All patients but one had nonhealing ulcers. In most cases, a composite femoral-tibial bypass graft was constructed by sewing the RAFT graft end-to-end to either the greater saphenous vein or, in one patient, to a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. In all cases, the radial venous comitans were sewn to a nearby superficial vein. In 5 patients the skin paddle was positioned to cover the ulcer; in the remaining patients the skin paddle was used to close the foot incision over the distal anastamosis. Postoperative graft surveillance was performed with Duplex scanning or contrast medium-enhanced angiography. Results Thromboses developed in 2 grafts during follow-up. In 1 of these patients below-knee amputation was performed. Another patient required below-knee amputation because of continuing infection in the foot despite a patent RAFT graft. In 1 patient thrombosis developed in the vein graft, but the RAFT graft extension remained patent. All other RAFT grafts were patent in their entirety at 15 (±6) months. Conclusions The RAFT graft is a new option for treating limb-threatening ischemia. The skin paddle may be useful in selected patients for wound coverage. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:816-20.)
Changes in velopharyngeal valving with age

Variability of velopharyngeal valving between subjects has been a well established fact since the advent of new techniques for the direct viewing of the velopharyngeal sphincter during speech. Multi-view videofluoroscopy and nasopharyngoscopy have shown that there is variable contribution to velopharyngeal closure from the velum, the lateral pharyngeal walls, and posterior pharyngeal wall from person to person. However, to date, there has been no evidence to show if velopharyngeal closure remains unchanged within individuals throughout life. The purpose of this investigation was to observe velopharyngeal closure in normal subjects and subjects with cleft palate from prepubertal to postpubertal life (i.e. pre-adenoid involution to post-adenoid involution). Changes in velopharyngeal closure patterns were observed in 60% of the normals studied and 30% of the cleft subjects.
Turbulence and the Isolated Wind Turbine

The turbulence in the atmospheric inflow to a wind turbine as well as the turbulence produced by the wind turbine are considered. A good understanding and ability to model this turbulence is critical for designing turbines with higher efficiencies and greater reliability. The atmospheric boundary layer is first discussed broadly followed by a presentation of past and present measurement and modeling efforts. The effects of the atmospheric boundary layer turbulence on wind turbine aerodynamics and aeroelastics are then discussed, and the importance of wake turbulence is considered. Attempts to use control to mitigate the effects of turbulence on the wind turbine are presented, and the extreme challenges of modeling all the relevant scales of turbulence required to accurately model wind turbines is discussed. As each of these items is presented, future needs for bettering our understanding of turbulence relevant to a wind turbine are identified. The presentation of these subjects makes it clear that there is still much to be learned about the turbulence associated with wind turbines that could impact future designs.
Development of an integrated range management decision support system

Abstract Planning and management decisions concerning forest resources require the integration of large volumes of disparate information from numerous sources, which in turn, need different techniques and tools. The present work attempts to develop an integrated range management decision support system (IRMDSS) to provide an interactive decision support tool for forest planners in the Western Ghats of India, which is one of the ecologically important areas of the Earth. The IRMDSS interface combines individual technologies such as remote sensing, a geographic information system (GIS) and a knowledge based system. The prototype IRMDSS was developed by customizing arcview gis software and coupling it other software using dynamic link libraries. The IRMDSS prototype provides forest planners and managers a better means of organizing, accessing, and evaluating a wide range of information and alternative strategies for effective forest planning and management in the study area.
Decision Analysis: An Approach for Multidisciplinary Teams in Planning Special Service Programs.

Abstract A decision analytic approach for use by multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in planning special service programs is described, and formative evaluation information on its application by MDTs in planning individualized education programs (IEPs) is presented. Decision analysis is applied following initial determination of program goals and objectives. In using the approach, an MDT engages in a six-step process: (a) delineation of program alternatives, (b) determination of program outcomes, (c) assessment of probabilities, (d) assessment of utilities, (e) determination of overall program values, and (f) selection of the program to be developed. Utilization of the approach allows a complex program planning situation to be disaggregated into its essential elements, with discussion of program alternatives occurring relative to specific decision criteria. Strengths and limitations of the approach also are discussed, and future directions for research are briefly noted.
Non-intrusive measurements of convective heat transfer in smooth- and rough-wall microchannels: laminar flow

The convective heat transfer behavior of laminar flow through a smooth- and two rough-wall microchannels is investigated by performing non-intrusive and spatially resolved measurements of fluid temperature via two-color fluorescent thermometry under constant heat flux conditions at three of the four microchannel walls. Pressure-drop measurements reveal that the apparent friction factors for all surfaces agree well with established macroscale predictions for laminar flow through rectangular ducts with the onset of transition at Re > Recr = 1,800 for smooth-wall flow and deviation from laminar behavior at progressively lower Re with increasing surface roughness. The local Nu for smooth-wall flow agrees well with macroscale predictions in both the thermally developing and developed regimes. With increasing roughness, while an enhancement in local Nu is noted for flow in the thermally developing regime, no measurable influence is noted upon attainment of a thermally developed state. These observations are supported by the examination of temperature profiles across the microchannel at various axial positions and Re, which suggest that the thermal boundary layer may be regenerated locally by roughness in the thermal entrance region of the flow resulting in an increased axial distance (compared to smooth-wall behavior) at which thermally developed flow is attained in the presence of roughness. Finally, estimates of the bulk Nu indicate enhancement in convective heat transfer over the smooth-wall case for laminar flow at higher Re while the smooth-wall bulk Nu data are found to agree well with macroscale predictions.
Nonparametric multiple-comparison methods for simply ordered medians

Recently, several multiple-comparison procedures for a simple order have been proposed. Most of these procedures are developed under the usual normality and equality-of-variances assumptions. In many applications, however, these assumptions may not be satisfied. For nonnormal data, two types of relatively simple nonparametric multiple-comparison methods for a simple order are proposed. The first is a rank-based method, which traces its roots to the one-sided Studentized-range test by Hayter, and the other is a two-stage method, which conducts the global test by Chacko, followed by one-sided pairwise tests. A simulation shows that the proposed procedures perform reasonably well with normal data, and that they are far superior to the parametric counterparts when data arise from a heavy-tailed distribution, such as Cauchy.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Presence of Space-occupying Intracranial Lesions

The performance of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has anecdotally been considered to carry a high risk of neurologic complications in patients with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). There is no evidence in the literature to support this concern. We evaluated this risk by reviewing hospital records of 132 patients who underwent FFB and computer tomography of the central nervous system (CNS-CT) during the same hospitalization. Twenty-nine patients had CT evidence of increased ICP. For the purpose of analysis, patients were divided into two groups: 17 patients had evidence of raised ICP prior to the performance of FFB and had received treatment with an intent to lower the ICP, and 12 patients in whom increased ICP was not suspected at the time of FFB and therefore did not receive any form of pretreatment. There was no evidence of neurologic complications in either group during the first postbronchoscopy week. We conclude that FFB carries a low risk in patients with elevated ICP.
A New Shuffle Convolution for Multiple Zeta Values

Recently, interest in shuffle algebra has been renewed due to their connections with multiple zeta values. In this paper, we prove a new shuffle convolution that implies a reduction formula for the multiple zeta value z({5,1}n).
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES UTILIZED IN THE PRESENCE OF INFECTION

SUMMARY The infected wound must be cleaned physically and appropriate antimicrobial therapy instituted, based on the results of culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Where fluid or necrotic debris is still present, proper drainage should be utilized. Adequate immobilization, physiological dressings, and overall support of patient defense mechanisms will enhance healing and shorten the patient's recovery period.
Probabilistic high-resolution forecast of heavy precipitation over Central Europe

Abstract. The limited-area ensemble prediction system COSMO-LEPS has been running operationally at ECMWF since November 2002. Five runs of the non-hydrostatic limited-area model Lokal Modell (LM) are available every day, nested on five selected members of three consecutive 12-h lagged ECMWF global ensembles. The limited-area ensemble forecasts range up to 120h and LM-based probabilistic products are disseminated to several national weather services. COSMO-LEPS has been constructed in order to have a probabilistic system with high resolution, focussing the attention on extreme events in regions with complex orography. In this paper, the performance of COSMO-LEPS for a heavy precipitation event that affected Central Europe in August 2002 has been examined. At the 4-day forecast range, the probability maps indicate the possibility of the overcoming of high precipitation thresholds (up to 150mm/24h) over the region actually affected by the flood. Furthermore, one out of the five ensemble members predicts 4 days ahead a precipitation structure very similar to the observed one.
Differentiating Phonotactic Probability and Neighborhood Density in Adult Word Learning

Purpose The purpose of this study was to differentiate effects of phonotactic probability, the likelihood of occurrence of a sound sequence, and neighborhood density, the number of words that sound...
Complete basis set and Gaussian ab initio study of protonated isomers of borohydride anion

Abstract Two groups of very accurate ab initio computational approaches were used to study the possibility of preparing hypervalent hydroboron compounds through protonation of BH4− and/or the molecular association of BH3 with H2 and H3+. On the basis of the computed structural properties and energies of the hypervalent hydroborons, their preparation paths and stabilities were discussed.
Plasmodium falciparum: synthesis of glycoprotein by cultured erythrocytic stages.

Abstract The human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , incorporated significant radioactivity into glycoconjugates when cultured in the presence of [ 14 C]- or [ 3 H]glucosamine for 48 to 50 hr. Digestion of the labeled proteins with pronase and subsequent precipitation with absolute ethanol showed that 90 to 95% of the radioactive glucosamine was incorporated into the precipitated material. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the labeled macromolecules revealed eight bands with approximate molecular weights from 19,000 to 90,000 daltons.
Hypoxic erythrocytes spark lung leukocyte adhesion

Erythrocytes are generally expected to passively transit microvascular beds, carrying oxygen but not delivering ROS. In contrast, Kiefmann and colleagues report in this issue of Blood that, in hypoxic lungs, erythrocytes release ROS, activate endothelium, and trigger leukocyte accumulation.
Immunogenetic studies of segregation of protein specificities in backcross hybrids in columbidae

Antisera recognizing five specificities of plasma proteins inStreptopelia senegalensis were produced inS. risoria. Immunizations were made with serum ofS. senegalensis or with plasma from selected backcross hybrids obtained from mating toS. risoria hybrids from the cross ofS. senegalensis ×S. risoria. The genetic segregation in the first backcross generation of the presence or absence of reactivity with each antiserum could be explained by the assumption that single genes inS. senegalensis effected each protein specificity.
Unique Stick Games for All Grade and Ability Levels

(1999). Unique Stick Games for All Grade and Ability Levels. Strategies: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 25-28.
LIE GROUPS OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF QUASILINEAR SECOND ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MISSING DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Abstract Systems of second order partial differential equations with missing dependent variables are studied in a geometric context. Because of the absence of explicit occurrence of the φ'5, the appropriate underlying space is P = ℝn x ℝnN, with local coordinate functions (xi, yalpha; i). The fundamental ideal I of ⁁(P) is generated by Falpha; ij = d(yalpha; j u i—yalpha; j u i) and Eα = Aij α βg(xk, yγ K) dybeta; i⁁uj + Balpha; (xk, yγ k)u, where u is the volume n-form for the manifold of independent variables and ui, = ϑi⌏u. The important quantities here are endovector fields TE(P) = {V ϵ T(P) | £V I⊂I} that transport solutions of (*) into solutions. All endovector fields are characterized and particular subalgebras are noted.
An experimental study of the ventral striatum of the golden hamster. I. Neuronal connections of the nucleus accumbens

As part of an experimental study of the ventral striatum, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method was used to examine the afferent and efferent neuronal connections of the nucleus accumbens. Following iontophoretic applications or hydraulic injections of HRP in nucleus accumbens, cells labeled by retrograde transport of HRP were observed in the ipsilateral telencephalon in the posterior agranular insular, perirhinal, entorhinal, and primary olfactory cortices, in the subiculum and hippocampal field CA1, and in the anterior and posterior divisions of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. In the diencephalon, labeled neurons were present ipsilaterally in the central medial, paracentral and parafascicular intralaminar nuclei, and in the midline nuclei parataenialis, paraventricularis, and reuniens. Retrograde labeling was observed in the ipsilateral brainstem in cells of the ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe. Many of these projections to nucleus accumbens were found to be topographically organized. Anterograde transport of HRP from nucleus accumbens demonstrated ipsilateral terminal fields in the ventral pallidum and substantia nigra, pars reticulata. The afferent projections to nucleus accumbens from the posterior insular and perirhinal neocortices, intralaminar thalamus, and the dopamine-containing ventral tegmental area are analogous to the connections of the caudatoputamen, as are the efferents from nucleus accumbens to the substantia nigra and ventral globus pallidus. These connections substantiate the classification of nucleus accumbens as a striatal structure and provide support for the recently proposed concept of the ventral striatum. Furthermore, the demonstration that a number of limbic system structures, including the amygdala, hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, and olfactory cortex are important sources of afferents to the nucleus accumbens, suggests that the ventral striatum may serve to integrate limbic information into the striatal system.
A sensitive fluorometric assay for the determination of cathepsin D.

Abstract A fluorometric assay is described for cathepsin D—determining the tyrosine released by measuring the fluorescence of its nitrosonaphthol coupling product. The advantage of this method is its high sensitivity.
Utilization of 5-fluorouracil byMyobacterium avium

Myobacterium avium LM1 was exposed to concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) that ranged from 0 to 100 μg/ml. Growth inhibition was inversely proportional to the concentration of the drug. DNA was extracted from cells grown in medium that contained [14C]5FU, but no carrier. The [14C]DNA was enzymatically hydrolyzed to deoxyribonucleotides, which were separated and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isotope was located in 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate (dCMP) and 2′-deoxythymidine 5′-monophosphate (dTMP), with dCMP containing the majority. There was no radioactivity at the elution times for 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate or 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate. These results suggested that 5FU was dehalogenated and the uracil moiety ultimately converted into cytosine and thymine deoxyribonucleotides. Cells were grown in [3H]uracil, and [3H]DNA was extracted and analyzed by HPLC. The isotope was found only in the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides, with dCMP containing 4.1 times that in dTMP. Thus, it was demonstrated that uracil and dehalogenated 5FU were not directly incorporated into DNA, but rather converted to cytosine and thymine and then incorporated into DNA by a salvage pathway.
Asthma medication use in pregnancy and fetal growth

Background Given the high prevalence of asthma in pregnancy, it is important to understand the relationship between asthma medications and fetal growth in the context of appropriate treatment. Objective This study examines the effect of inhaled corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids, and β 2 -agonists on fetal growth in 654 infants born to women with asthma compared with 303 infants born to controls without asthma. Methods Subjects for this prospective study were enrolled throughout North America between 1998 and 2003 and followed up by the Organization of Teratology Information Services. Incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants and mean birth size measures were compared among groups. Results Mean birth weight of full-term infants born to mothers who used systemic corticosteroids (3373 g) was lower than in the β 2 -agonist group (3552 g) and controls without asthma (3540 g; P P =.02). Incidence of SGA for length and head circumference and mean head circumference did not vary among groups ( P >.05). Conclusion The treatment of asthma with systemic corticosteroids resulted in a deficit of about 200 g in birth weight compared with controls and exclusive β 2 -agonist users and no increased incidence of SGA. These results suggest that asthma management with β 2 -agonists and/or inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy does not impair fetal growth, whereas systemic corticosteroids have a minimal effect which should be weighed against the necessity to control severe asthma.
Intermolecular disulfide bonds at central nervous system synaptic junctions

Most proteins in isolated synaptic junctions and nearly all those in postsynaptic densities (the fibrous protein matrix underlying the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse) are extensively cross-linked by disulfide bonds into polymers with a molecular weight of 350,000 or greater. Since the postsynaptic density appears to consist primarily of a matrix of cytoplasmic proteins, such as tubulin and neurofilament protein, our results indicate that at the membrane such proteins may use disulfide bonds to differentiate into the postsynaptic density and tie into the postsynaptic membrane.
A test for spatial randomness based on k-NN distances

This paper examines a new statistic based on k-NN distances for assessing the uniformity of a set of points in a d-dimensional space and proposes the growing frame method for dealing with unknown sampling windows. The proposed statistic is evaluated in three Monte Carlo experiments and applied to the Iris Data.
The impact of a new rheumatologist on the management of rheumatic disease patients in community hospitals.

Although only a small portion of patients with rheumatic diseases receive their care from rheumatologists (l) , it has been estimated that a surplus of rheumatologists will exist by 1990 (2). The vast majority of care, however, will continue to be given by primary care providers who may or may not be properly trained to manage this specific patient population. A recent survey of rheumatology education in medical schools demonstrated that 13% of schools did not have a full time rheumatologist and another 38% had fewer than 3 full time rheumatologists. A course on musculoskeletal examination is offered in fewer than two-thirds of medical schools. Inpatient rheumatology units are used for teaching in 7%, and less than 15% of medical students participate in clinical electives in rheumatology (3). Therefore, most medical students have little chance to interview and examine patients with common musculoskeletal complaints, although these skills are considered by participating physicians to be the most important training objectives (4). Many of these skills may be obtained during
Earthquake-induced sediment failures on a 0.25° slope, Klamath River delta, California

On November 8, 1980, a major earthquake (magnitude 6.5 to 7.2) occurred 60 km off the coast of northern California. A survey of the area using high-resolution seismic-reflection and side-scan sonar equipment revealed the presence of extensive sediment failure and flows in a zone about 1 km wide and 20 km long that trends parallel to the shelf on the very gently sloping ( c and a prominent 1- to 2-m high, seaward-facing toe scarp on the outer margin of the terrace. This toe scarp is sinuous, appears to be nearly continuous for a distance of 20 km, and closely parallels the 60-m isobath. Evidence indicates that the toe scarp is the terminus of lateral spreads and lobes of sediment flows. Side-scan sonar records show evidence of gas vents and small (10 × 3 × 0.5 m high) pressure ridges formed seaward of and parallel to the sediment flow scarp. Indicators of liquefaction (sand boils and collapse craters) are present on the sediment flow terrace. Extensive sediment failure occurred on a sea-floor slope of less than 0.25°, and we can unequivocally pinpoint the cause as an earthquake of known location, magnitude, and time.
The Proposition One Scare in Florida

Florida's schools narrowly escaped crippling cuts by state constitutional amendment-and still seem in some danger.
A modified operational sequence methodology for zoo exhibit design and renovation: Conceptualizing animals, staff, and visitors as interdependent coworkers

Human factors analyses have been used to improve efficiency and safety in various work environments. Although generally limited to humans, the universality of these analyses allows for their formal application to a much broader domain. This paper outlines a model for the use of human factors to enhance zoo exhibits and optimize spaces for all user groups; zoo animals, zoo visitors, and zoo staff members. Zoo exhibits are multi-faceted and each user group has a distinct set of requirements that can clash or complement each other. Careful analysis and a reframing of the three groups as interdependent coworkers can enhance safety, efficiency, and experience for all user groups. This paper details a general creation and specific examples of the use of the modified human factors tools of function allocation, operational sequence diagram and needs assessment. These tools allow for adaptability and ease of understanding in the design or renovation of exhibits.
Purification and properties of Escherichia coli coenzyme A-transferase.

Abstract The acetyl-CoA:acetoacetate-CoA-transferase has been purified 36-fold to homogeneity from an acetoacetate degradation operon ( ato ) constitutive mutant of Escherichia coli . The enzyme has the following physical properties: Stokes radius, 40.5 A; diffusion coefficient ( D 20 ,w), 5.32 × 10 −7 cm s −1 ; sedimentation coefficient ( s 20 ,w), 5.38S; molecular weight, 97,000 and a frictional ratio ( f f 0 ) of 1.35. The enzyme is composed of two α subunits ( M r = 26,000) and two β subunits ( M r = 23,000). E. coli CoA-transferase contains six cysteine residues per mole of enzyme and no disulfide bonds. The native transferase reacts with 4 mol of p -chloromercuribenzoate per 97,000 g of enzyme. Two cysteine residues react rapidly with p -chloromercuribenzoate resulting in an 85% inactivation of enzyme activity. The reactivity of these two residues is enhanced at least fivefold in the presence of acetyl-CoA. Acetoacetate has no effect on the rate of reaction of p -chloromercuribenzoate with the enzyme. E. coli CoA-transferase is partially inactivated by acyl-CoA substrates in the absence of carboxylic acid substrates, presumably as the result of a metal-catalyzed acylation of the ϵ-amino group of a lysine residue near the active site. The enzyme utilizes a variety of short chain acyl-CoA and carboxylic acid substrates but exhibits maximal activity with normal and 3-keto substrates.
In-orbit performance and calibration of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA)

The proportional counter array (PCA) is designed to perform microsecond timing of bright galactic sources and broad band, confusion limited, studies of faint extragalactic sources in the 2 - 60 keV x-ray band. The PCA was launched as part of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite into a circular orbit of altitude 580 km and 23 degrees inclination on December 30, 1995. The mission contains three experiments: a set of large area xenon proportional counters sensitive from 2 - 60 keV (proportional counter array: PCA), a set of large area sodium iodide scintillators sensitive from 15 - 200 keV (high energy x-ray timing experiment: HEXTE), and three wide field of view scanning detectors which monitor most of the sky each orbit (all sky monitor: ASM). The goals of the mission are summarized by Swank et al. We present performance and calibration data on the measured and predicted in-orbit background, energy response, relative and absolute timing performance, and the operational possibilities made available with the high performance experiment data system (EDS) designed and built by MIT.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Crossover from Contact Propagation to Chemical Propagation in First-Passage Percolation

On lattices whose bonds are assigned time delays from a bimodal distribution with modes at b and a>>b whose relative weights are p and 1-p, the dependence of the first-passage velocity v on p is investigated by means of scaling arguments and computations. As p increases, v exhibits a sharp rise near the percolation threshold due to a crossover from the contact-propagation regime, in which slow-bond crossings are rate limiting, to the chemical-propagation regime, in which the tortuosity of the shortest path through the fast-bond network is rate limiting. Previous analyses of criticality in the limit a/b..-->..infinity are extended by obtaining corrections to scaling for finite a/b. The qualitative picture is confirmed by small-cell real-space renormalization-group (RSRG) computations, and proposed scaling laws for critical exponents are tested by means of large-cell Monte Carlo RSRG computations and by a computational method analogous to the transfer matrix for conductivity. The development is analogous to the well-known theory of the conductivity of a disordered medium, and in fact corresponds to a particular limit of the nonlinear conductivity problem. This correspondence, in conjunction with the proposed scaling laws and a duality argument, is exploited in order to evaluate critical exponents governing two-dimensional superfluid flow.more » Scaling arguments developed here are shown to be applicable also to stirred percolation, leading to a new scaling law for the conductivity of stirred-percolation systems.« less
Novel device to trend impedance and fluorescence of the cervix for preterm birth detection

Preterm birth is the leading cause of worldwide neonatal mortality. It follows a pathologically accelerated form of the normal processes that govern cervical softening and dilation. Softening and dilation occur due to changes in cervical collagen crosslinking, which can be measured non-invasively by changes in tissue fluorescence and impedance. We present a novel device designed specifically to take fluorescence and impedance measurements throughout pregnancy, with the end goal of fusing and trending these measurements to form an early diagnosis of preterm labor.
The social-psychological study of conflict: Rejoinder to a critique

This paper is a rejoinder to Plon's critique of the social psychology of conflict published in this Journal. The rejoinder reviews the history of American social psychology, the meaning of ‘conflict resolution’, the nature of the dilemma in the Prisoner's Dilemma, and other related matters, which Plon has apparently misconstrued. The rejoinder criticizes Plon's crude ‘economic determinism’ version of Marxist theory and briefly considers the role of power in politics. The characteristics of the present author's social-psychological approach to conflict is outlined, and it is suggested that such an approach has direct relevance to the intellectual concerns of those who seek to bring about social change.
Dynamic scene understanding for autonomous mobile robots

An approach to the dynamic scene analysis is presented which departs from previous work by emphasizing a qualitative strategy of reasoning and modeling. Instead of refining a single quantitative description of the observed environment over time, multiple qualitative interpretations are maintained simultaneously. This offers superior robustness and flexibility over traditional numerical techniques which are often ill-conditioned and noise-sensitive. The main tasks of the authors' approach are: (1) detect and classify the motion of individual objects in the scene; (2) estimate the robot's egomotion; and (3) derive the 3-D structure of the stationary environment. These three tasks strongly depend on each other. First, the direction of heading (i.e. translation) and rotation of the robot are estimated with respect to stationary locations in the scene. The focus of expansion (FOE) is not determined as particular image location, but as a region of possible FOE-locations called the fuzzy FOE. From this information, a rule-based system constructs and maintains a qualitative scene model. Results of this approach for real and synthetic imagery are presented. >
Strong coupling limit of open string: Born-Infeld analysis

We consider a large coupling limit of a Born-Infeld action in a curved background of an arbitrary metric and a two form field. Following Gibbons, Hori, and Yi, we go to the Hamiltonian description. The Hamiltonian can be dualized and the dual action admits a stringlike configuration as its solution. We interpret it as a closed string configuration. The procedure can be viewed as a novel way of bringing out the appropriate degrees of freedom, a closed string, for an open string under the strong coupling limit. We argue that this interpretation implies a large number of dual pairs of gauge and gravity theories whose particular examples are AdS/CFT and matrix theory conjectures.
“Clickable”, polymerized liposomes as a versatile and stable platform for rapid optimization of their peripheral compositions

A versatile and stable liposomal platform is developed for rapid optimization of its peripheral composition. The platform is based on polydiacetylene lipids terminated with alkynyl groups. Conditions for copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (a “click” reaction) are optimized for rapid attachment of azides with controlled composition onto the liposomes.
Optimizing tube hydroforming using process simulation and experimental verification

Abstract The success of a tube hydroforming (THF) process is highly dependent on the loading paths (axial feed versus pressure) used. Finite element (FE)-based simulation was used to determine optimum loading paths for hydroforming of structural parts with different tubular materials. Experimental and simulation results have demonstrated that FE-based loading paths can significantly reduce trial and error, enhance productivity and expand the THF capability in forming complex parts. The test results also demonstrated that the reliability of the FE-based loading paths is highly dependent on the accuracy of the material properties of the blank, interface friction, and how close the properties of the welding zone are to the base material of the tubular blank.
Predictors of nonadherence among individuals with bipolar disorder receiving treatment in a community mental health clinic.

Abstract Background Subjective experience of illness is a critical component of treatment adherence in populations with bipolar disorder (BPD). This cross-sectional analysis examined clinical and subjective variables in relation to adherence in 140 individuals with BPD receiving treatment with mood-stabilizing medication. Methods Nonadherence was defined as missing 30% or more of medication on the Tablets Routine Questionnaire, a self-reported measure of medication treatment adherence. Adherent and nonadherent groups were compared on measures of attitudes toward illness and treatment including the Attitudes toward Mood Stabilizers Questionnaire, the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire, the Rating of Medication Influences, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Results Except for substance abuse comorbidity, adherent individuals (n = 113, 80.7%) did not differ from nonadherent individuals (n = 27, 19.3%) on clinical variables. However, nonadherent individuals had reduced insight into illness, more negative attitudes toward medications, fewer reasons for adherence, and more perceived reasons for nonadherence compared with adherent individuals. The strongest attitudinal predictors for nonadherence were difficulties with medication routines (odds ratio=2.2) and negative attitudes toward drugs in general (odds ratio=2.3). Limitations Results interpretation is limited by cross-sectional design, self-report methodology, and sample size. Conclusions Comorbid substance abuse, negative attitudes toward mood-stabilizing medication, and difficulty managing to take medication in the context of one's daily schedule are primary determinants of medication treatment adherence. A patient-centered collaborative model of care that addresses negative attitudes toward medication and difficulty coping with medication routines may be ideally suited to address individual adherence challenges.
Moving horizon Nash strategies for a military air operation

Dynamic game theory has recently received considerable attention as a possible technology for formulating control actions for decision makers in an extended complex enterprise that involves an adversary. Examples of such enterprises are very common in military operations. Enterprises of this type are typically modeled by a highly nonlinear discrete time dynamic system whose state is controlled by two teams of decision makers each with a different objective function and possibly with a different hierarchy of decision making. Because of the complexity of such systems, the traditional solutions from dynamic game theory that involve optimizing objective functions over the entire time horizon of the system are computationally extremely difficult, if not impossible, to derive. We discuss a solution approach where at each step the controllers limit the computation of their actions to a short time horizon that may involve only the next few time steps. This moving horizon solution, although suboptimal in the global sense, is very useful in taking into account the possible near-term control actions of the adversary. To illustrate this solution methodology, we consider an example of an extended military enterprise that involves two opposing forces engaged in a battle.
Generalized Case—van Kampen modes in a multidimensional non-uniform plasma with application to gyroresonance heating

The generalization of the Case—van Kampen analysis to a multidimensional non-uniform plasma is presented. Application of this analysis is made to minority-ion gyrolesonant heating in an axisymmetric tokamak. In previous work the Case—van Kampen analysis, in conjunction with the Bateman—Kruskal algorithm, was used in a one-dimensional slab model to compute the collective wave spin-off (to the minority-ion Bernstein wave) and the gyroballistic continuum for minority gyroresonant absorption. The generalization to many gyroresonant dimensions and non-trivial geometries requires several important new developments: In tokamak geometry particles can be trapped, an effect that is absent in the slab model. Also, the ray propagation dynamics for both the flee gyroballistic waves and the collective minority-ion Bernstein wave is far more complicated than in the slab model. In particular, a resonance zone is identified wherein the gyroballistic waves interact strongly and cannot be treated as free. We use the Weyl calculus to construct a local form of the self-consistent gyroballistic equation within the resonance zone. This reduced equation is simplified via a metaplectic transformation (a generalization of the Fourier tiansformation). After this simplification, the equation is shown to be of Case—van Kampen type with weak non-uniformities; hence there are no true Case—van Kampen eigenfunctions. Using the Bateman—Kruskal approach, a local Case—van Kampen basis can be constructed and the initial-value problem solved. The self-consistent interactions of the gyroballistic continuum lead to a collective wave, the minority-ion Bernstein wave. The Bernstein wave is extracted by the spectral deformation approach of Crawford and Hislop. The relevance of this work to the theory of collective phenomena in nonlinear oscillator ensembles is briefly discussed.
Leveraging the DOD M&S Education Project for specialized army M&S Education

This paper describes our efforts to develop, deliver, and sustain two specialized courses, developed by faculty from Systems Engineering Department at the Naval Postgraduate School as part of a larger DoD M&S Education Project, on the topic of simulation for active Army and civilians. First, the "Advanced Simulation Course," sponsored by the Simulation Proponent Division, office of the Army Modeling & Simulation Directorate, provides a non-technical M&S perspective that covers the significant M&S issues and M&S activities throughout the Acquisition Life Cycle. The second course is "M&S in Engineering Product Design and Development." This course is intended for engineers at the Army Research Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) and focuses on the role of M&S in the product development process. Students complete this course with a thorough understanding of the overall capabilities of M&S in supporting their product design from within the construct of an appropriate process that allows for problem formulation, analysis, and interpretation.
SEASONAL RESPONSE OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA TO OIL

ABSTRACT Salt marsh plots located in Galveston Bay, Texas, were treated with oil during November and May, the respective periods of declining and increasing growth for Spartina alterniflora. Four oils (Arabian crude, Libyan crude, No. 6 fuel, and No. 2 fuel) were applied to plots in four ways: no oil (control), 1 liter (L) on sediment, 1.5 L on sediment and lower portions of S. alterniflora, and 2 L on sediment and entire S. alterniflora surfaces. Live plant biomass and residual oil in sediment were determined periodically after oil treatment. Season did not influence S. alterniflora response to oil when applied to sediment and lower plant portions. In these cases, plant response was similar after November and May applications, with a reduction in live plant biomass observed only for No. 2 fuel oil. Season did influence S. alterniflora response to oil when applied to entire plant surfaces. Completely covering the plant typically caused a longer reduction in live plant biomass after the May application. Ag...
Declarative modeling of finite mathematics

A common foundation of finite arithmetic, hereditarily finite sets and sequences, binary trees and graphs is described as a progressive refinement of Haskell type classes.We derive as instances symbolic implementations of arithmetic operations in terms of rooted ordered trees representing hereditarily finite sets and sequences. Conversely, arithmetic implementations of pairs, powersets, von Neumann ordinals shade new light on the bi-interpretability between Peano arithmetic and a theory of hereditarily finite sets.As another instance, rooted ordered binary trees representing a simplified form of the type language of Goedel's System T are shown as directly emulating arithmetic and finite set operations.The main contribution of the paper is a fully constructive unification of paradigms - a chain of type classes does it all: Peano arithmetic, sets, sequences, binary trees, bitstrings. Another contribution is that we do it "efficiently" (i.e. in time and space asymptotically comparable with standard binary representations).The Haskell code in the paper is available at http://logic.cse.unt.edu/tarau/research/2010/shared.hs.
Long-term risk of medical conditions associated with breast cancer treatment

Early and late effects of cancer treatment are of increasing concern with growing survivor populations, but relevant data are sparse. We sought to determine the prevalence and hazard ratio of such effects in breast cancer cases. Women with invasive breast cancer and women with no cancer history recruited for a cancer research cohort completed a mailed questionnaire at a median of 10 years post-diagnosis or matched reference year (for the women without cancer). Reported medical conditions including lymphedema, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and heart disease (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease) were assessed in relation to breast cancer therapy and time since diagnosis using Cox regression. The proportion of women currently receiving treatment for these conditions was calculated. Study participants included 2,535 women with breast cancer and 2,428 women without cancer (response rates 66.0 % and 50.4 %, respectively) Women with breast cancer had an increased risk of lymphedema (Hazard ratio (HR) 8.6; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 6.3–11.6), osteopenia (HR 2.1; 95 % CI 1.8–2.4), and osteoporosis (HR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.2–1.9) but not heart disease, compared to women without cancer Hazard ratios varied by treatment and time since diagnosis. Overall, 49.3 % of breast cancer cases reported at least one medical condition, and at 10 or more years post-diagnosis, 37.7 % were currently receiving condition-related treatment. Responses from survivors a decade following cancer diagnosis demonstrate substantial treatment-related morbidity, and emphasize the need for continued medical surveillance and follow-up care into the second decade post-diagnosis.
Zwitterionic Relatives to the Classic [(P–P)Rh(solv)2]+ Ions: Neutral Catalysts Active for H ? E Bond Additions to Olefins (E=C, Si, B)

Formally zwitterionic bis(phosphanyl)- and bis(amino)borate rhodium(I) complexes (see picture) can catalytically mediate the hydrogenation, hydroacylation, hydroboration, and hydrosilation of double bonds. These neutral systems are shown to be highly active, even under conditions incompatible with their isostructural, but formally cationic, relatives.