cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Bridges in New Jersey Strengthening Interagency Collaboration for Offenders Receiving Drug Treatment

This article describes the experience and outcomes of the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies 2 Improving Best Practices in Assessment and Case Planning for Offenders protocol in the state of New Jersey. The protocol was designed to test the effectiveness of an Organizational Process Improvement Intervention in improving four assessment and case planning domains for drug-involved offenders in correctional settings transferring to community treatment based agencies. This article describes the protocol and the change team model process through which correctional and community agency staff collaborated to improve assessment and case planning for offenders with substance abuse problems. The primary goal of these collaborative efforts was to link information across stages of the treatment continuum to improve service coordination. Data taken from qualitative interviews with agency participants are used to illustrate the common themes that emerged relating to the intervention process, barriers to implementing developed goals, and facilitative factors that contributed to successes. The findings from the current study provide indication that organizational process improvement strategies can be implemented within a correctional setting to reduce interorganizational barriers and to facilitate improvements in the continuum of care involved in the treatment of offenders with histories of substance abuse.
Adaptive control of marine thrusters

Accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles requires an appropriate control design which takes into account the nonlinear coupling between the different degrees of freedom and the actuator dynamics. This control problem can be split into a high-level part, handling the motion of the vehicle, and a low-level part designed to track the thrust commanded to each thruster. The paper deals with the design of a control framework suitable for the low-level part. Specifically, a direct adaptive nonlinear tracking control framework for multivariable nonlinear uncertain systems with actuator amplitude and rate saturation constraints is considered. Its performance is compared to those obtained using particular proportional-integral and sliding mode controllers through theoretical derivations and experimental results. Such a comparison shows the advantages of the adaptive schemes in terms of tuning, robustness, and tracking performances.
An assessment of hatchery effects on Florida bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) microsatellite genetic diversity and sib‐ship reconstruction

Black bass populations have been augmented with aggressive aquaculture as a fisheries management tool over the past several decades. The purpose of our study was to estimate changes in genetic diversity and effective number of breeders (Nb) contributing to and represented in fingerling samples from two stages in the Florida bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) production process: post-fry grow-out and post-feed training. We screened 120 wild-sourced brood fish and 900 fingerlings representing two periods at nine microsatellite loci and determined relatedness (Rxy), effective number of breeders (Nb) and general diversity trends over the hatchery production process. The construction of putative full-sib partitions revealed that cohorts within stage 1 and 2 fingerling samples consisted of large numbers of small sib groups (80 and 55 groups respectively). Effective number of breeders calculated using the linkage disequilibrium method was estimated at 60–100 depending on the Nb parameters, representing a Nb/N of >0.5. Our assessment suggests that the current raceway breeding practice appear to be adequate at maintaining substantial portions of the genetic diversity of the breeding stock.
FEW 2009 Special Issue: Preface

The Annual Formal Epistemology Workshop (FEW) is now entering its seventh year. I am very happy to report that the first six FEWs have been a great success (see http://fitelson.org/few/ for detailed information about past and current FEWs). We have managed to foster a thriving community of students, professors, and other researchers with a wide range of overlapping interests. And, this year, FEW is going international—with our first meeting in Europe (FEW 2010 is being held in Konstanz). This trend will continue, with future FEWs taking place in various hotbeds of formal epistemology activity around the world. Stay tuned! This special issue contains a selection of five of the papers presented at FEW 2009, which was held at CMU in June 2009 〈http://fitelson.org/few/few_09/〉. Three of these papers (by Maher, Norton, and Novack) are concerned (broadly) with inductive logic and inductive inference. One of the papers (by Kelly & Mayo-Wilson) is about formal learning theory. And, the fifth paper (by Poproski) is about rational choice. This is a nice sample of the excellent papers (and topics) that were presented (and discussed) at FEW 2009. It is our intention to continue to publish selected papers from future FEWs in subsequent special issues of this journal.
Glyphosate Carryover in Seed Potato: Effects on Mother Crop and Daughter Tubers

Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 in Aberdeen, ID, Ontario, OR, and Paterson, WA to determine the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on ‘Ranger Russet’ potato during the application year and the crop growing the next year from the daughter tubers. Glyphosate was applied at 8.5, 54, 107, 215, and 423 g ae ha−1 which corresponds to 1/00, 1/16, 1/8, ¼, and 1/2 of the lowest recommended single-application rate for glyphosate-resistant corn and sugar beet of 846 g ha–1. Glyphosate was applied when potato plants were at 10 to 15 cm tall (Early), or at stolon hooking (H), tuber initiation (TI), or during mid-bulking (MB). In general, the MB applications caused less visual foliar injury to the mother crop than earlier applications at ID or OR, and H applications at WA. Mother crop injury increased as glyphosate rate increased regardless of location, application timing, and rating date. U.S. No.1 and total tuber yields were usually related to the injury level resulting from glyphosate application timings and rates. Although injury to the mother crop from glyphosate applied at MB usually was the lowest compared to injury from other application timings, when daughter tubers from that timing were planted the following year, emergence, plant vigor, and yield was most detrimentally impacted compared with that of daughter tubers from other timing treatments. MB daughter tuber emergence was less than 30 % of the nontreated control tuber emergence while emergence of daughter tubers from the other treatments was 60 to 95 %. As rate of glyphosate applied to the mother crop increased, daughter tuber emergence decreased. When MB daughter tubers did emerge, plants were chlorotic and stunted as if the plants had been directly sprayed with glyphosate. Regardless of whether the daughter tubers had defects or not, results the following year were the same. Implications are that if a mother seed crop encounters glyphosate during bulking, injury may not even be noticeable on the foliage or the tubers, however, emergence, vigor, and yield of the crop growing the following year from the daughter tubers could be greatly impacted.
Hubble Space Telescope GHRS Spectroscopy of U Geminorum during Two Outbursts

We obtained Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph medium-resolution (G160M grating) phase-resolved spectroscopic observations of the prototype dwarf nova U Geminorum during different stages of two different outbursts. The spectral wavelength ranges were centered on three different line regions: N V (1238 A, 1242 A), Si III (1300 A), and He II (1640 A). The spectrum corresponding to the early decline phase of outburst 1 is essentially featureless except for weak N V absorption and narrow interstellar lines, while the spectrum at the peak of outburst 2 reveals broad emission peaks separated by narrow central absorption. The double-peaked emission-line profile structure with low-velocity central absorption seen in the second outburst suggests a disk origin, but the emission velocity widths appear narrower than the widths of the optical disk emission features. We interpret the high-excitation emission lines, with central absorption below the continuum, to be due to photoionized material (coronal?) above the disk plane with the thickened outer disk absorbing the boundary layer or inner disk radiation. The possibility of a wind origin for the profiles is also discussed, as well as the possibility of an ejected optically thin shell. The N V absorption velocity versus orbital phase traces the motion of the white dwarf, but the He II absorption velocity appears to deviate from the white dwarf motion. We present the results of synthetic accretion disk spectral fitting to the data of both outbursts and derive accretion rates for the two outbursts of 6 × 10-10 M☉ yr-1 and 2 × 10-9 M☉ yr-1. Implications are discussed.
Do Changes in Drinking Motives Mediate the Relation between Personality Change and “Maturing Out” of Problem Drinking?

Recent research has indicated that developmental changes in the personality traits of neuroticism and impulsivity correlate with changes in problem drinking during emerging and young adulthood. However, it remains unclear what potential mechanisms, or mediators, could account for these associations. Drinking motives, particularly drinking to regulate negative affect (drinking to cope) and to get "high" or "drunk" (drinking for enhancement), have been posited to mediate the relationship between personality and drinking problems. Recent work indicates that changes in drinking motives parallel changes in alcohol involvement from adolescence to young adulthood. The present study examined changes in drinking motives (i.e., coping and enhancement) as potential mediators of the relation between changes in personality (impulsivity and neuroticism) with changes in alcohol problems in emerging and young adulthood. Analyses were based on data collected from a cohort of college students (N = 489) at varying risk for alcohol use disorders from ages 18 to 35. Parallel process latent growth modeling indicated that change in coping (but not enhancement) motives specifically mediated the relation between changes in neuroticism and alcohol problems as well as the relation between changes in impulsivity and alcohol problems. Findings suggest that change in coping motives is an important mechanism in the relation between personality change and the "maturing out" of problematic alcohol involvement.
STIMULATION OF BIOLUMINESCENCE IN DINOFLAGELLATES BY RED LIGHT

In three species of dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra, Pyrocyslis fusiformis and Pyrocvstis lunula, bioluminescence can be stimulated by light. This phenomenon is observed if the cell suspension is rendered anaerobic by any of the following treatments: N2gas. metabolically active yeast. glucose plus glucose oxidase, dithionite or allowing a concentrated cell suspension to stand for several hours in darkness, conditions which remove oxygen from the cell suspension. An alternate pretreatment is inclusion of carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone or hydroxylamine in the cell suspension. The emission spectrum with a maximum at 478 nm identifies dinoflagellate luciferin as the emitter. The action spectrum (maximum at 675 nm in the red region of the spectrum) points to chlorophyll as the photoreceptor. Evidence for the participation of PS II of photosynthesis in the light-stimulation of bioluminescence is the strong inhibition of light emission by 3-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-l.l-dimethylurca (DCMU) and 2,5-dibromo-3-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone and the failure of diaminodurol + ascorbate to reverse the inhibition by DCMU. The observation that, with short irradiations (5 μ.s). no bioluminescence is emitted until the third flash also suggests photosystem II (PS II) as the site of stimulation. The evolution of oxygen is not involved in the light-stimulation of bioluminescence. since oxygen evolution is completely inhibited by NH2OH, while light emission is potentiated by the presence of NH2OH. A consideration of the action of inhibitors suggests that the stimulation of light emission is the result of a change in membrane potential produced upon irradiation of PS II. This membrane potential is not caused by the movement of protons.
Systems analysis in the health field

This paper reviews the application of systems analysis to the planning of health services. Planning models which have employed a systems analysis approach in the health field are critically examined, their strengths and limitations are considered and areas where more research is needed are indicated. New approaches which attempt to eliminate these limitations are presented. The use of health indices as performance indicators of the health services system, as social development indicators and their use as intrinsic variables in the models of development is also critically examined.
Choroidal blood flow compensation in rats for arterial blood pressure decreases is neuronal nitric oxide-dependent but compensation for arterial blood pressure increases is not.

Abstract Choroidal blood flow (ChBF) compensates for changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and thereby remains relatively stable within a ±40 mmHg range of basal ABP in rabbits, humans and pigeons. In the present study, we investigated if ChBF can compensate for increases and decreases in ABP in rats. ChBF was continuously monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry in anesthetized rats, and ABP measured via the femoral artery. At multiple intervals over a 2–4 h period during which ABP varied freely, ChBF and ABP were sampled and the results compiled across rats. We found that ChBF remained near baseline over an ABP range from 40 mmHg above basal ABP (90–100 mmHg) to 40 mmHg below basal ABP, but largely followed ABP linearly below 60 mmHg. Choroidal vascular resistance increased linearly as BP increased above 100 mmHg, and decreased linearly as BP declined from basal to 60 mmHg, but resistance declined no further below 60 mmHg. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) formation by either a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (N ω -propyl- l -arginine) or a nonselective inhibitor of both neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS (N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester) did not affect compensation above 100 mmHg ABP, but did cause ChBF to linearly follow declines in BP below 90 mmHg. In NOS-inhibited rats, vascular resistance increased linearly with BP above 100 mmHg, but remained at baseline below 90 mmHg. These findings reveal that ChBF in rats, as in rabbits, humans and pigeons, compensates for rises and/or declines in arterial blood pressure so as to remain relatively stable within a physiological range of ABPs. The ChBF compensation for low ABP in rats is dependent on choroidal vasodilation caused by neuronal NO formation but not the compensation for elevated BP, implicating parasympathetic nervous system vasodilation in the ChBF compensation to low ABP.
Acrylmide quenching of Yt-base fluorescence in aqueous solution

Abstract Acrylamide was found to be an effective quencher of Y t -base (Y-4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-1 H -imidazo-1,2 a -purine) in water. In the absence of collisional quenching the decay of Y t -base in water is predominantly a single exponential. The intensity decays become increasingly heterogeneous when quenched by acrylamide. The frequency-domain data were analyzed using the radiation model, which provides estimates of molecular parameters characteristic of the system. The mutual diffusion coefficient at 20 ° C was found to be 0.5 × 10 5 cm 2 /s, the Y t -base acrylamide interaction radius was 8 A, and the rate constant for quenching was 100 cm/s. These values indicate that quenching is diffusion-limited, i.e., the encounter complex is deactivated at least 2-fold faster than the rate of diffusive encounters.
Maternal subjective sleep quality and nighttime infant care

The current study explored the relationship between maternal subjective sleep quality and two factors that have been independently linked to maternal sleep: infant caretaking at night and maternal depressive symptom severity. Participants were a follow‐up cohort of 94 women (mean age 33.3, SD=4.4), who were depressed during pregnancy and part of a larger randomised controlled trial. Participants were evaluated 10 weeks after delivery, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and daily sleep logs for one week. On average, women woke to attend to the infant 2.2 times (SD=1.1) and spent 47.3 min (SD=33.0) awake to attend to the infant. Regression analysis revealed that the number of times a woman’s sleep was disrupted by attending to her infant was a significant predictor of her perceived subjective sleep quality; however, the total amount of time she spent attending to her infant and her depressive symptom severity were not predictors. The findings of this study suggest that during the third postpartu...
Multiphysics simulation of a microfluidic perfusion chamber for brain slice physiology

Understanding and optimizing fluid flows through in vitro microfluidic perfusion systems is essential in mimicking in vivo conditions for biological research. In a previous study a microfluidic brain slice device (μBSD) was developed for microscale electrophysiology investigations. The device consisted of a standard perfusion chamber bonded to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel substrate. Our objective in this study is to characterize the flows through the μBSD by using multiphysics simulations of injections into a pourous matrix to identify optimal spacing of ports. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are performed with CFD-ACE + software to model, simulate, and assess the transport of soluble factors through the perfusion bath, the microchannels, and a material that mimics the porosity, permeability and tortuosity of brain tissue. Additionally, experimental soluble factor transport through a brain slice is predicted by and compared to simulated fluid flow in a volume that represents a porous matrix material. The computational results are validated with fluorescent dye experiments.
Hemoglobin α-chain variation in macaques: Primary structures of the αI and αII chains from the adult hemoglobins of Malaysian Macaca nemestrina

Abstract The complete primary structures of each of the two α chains commonly found in the adult hemoglobins of Malaysian Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaques) were obtained from the intact chains and five fragments produced by two nonenzymatic and three enzymatic cleavage reactions. The two chains differ at a single site, the α I chains having a glutaminyl residue and the α II chains having a histidinyl residue in position 78. Both chains differ from their human counterpart at five positions, the extent of divergence being similar to that observed for most of the α chains from other species of Macaca that have been analyzed to date. Elucidation of the structural difference between the α I and α II chains demonstrates that the high degree of heterogeneity observed among the hemoglobin phenotypes of M. nemestrina is a consequence of underlying genetic variability and not a result of postsynthetic modification of genetically identical proteins. Comparisons with the hemoglobin phenotypes found in other species of Macaca support the contention that chromosomes bearing linked α I and α II genes, as well as those bearing single α I and α II alleles, combine in zygotes to produce the phenotypic variation observed in members of Malaysian populations of M. nemestrina .
Polyimides based on pyrazinetetracarboxylic dianhydride and some related model compounds

A study was made of polyimides based on pyrazinetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTDA) plus heterocyclic diamines different from the one previously reported by Hirsch. It was postulated that thermal properties might be improved if the diamine portion did not contain the N–N linkage. The results indicate that these heterocyclic-based polyimides are in fact of lower thermal stability and of less molecular weight buildup than their corresponding polypyromellitimides. Thermal failure, outlined by their TGA curves, is shown not to be due to an inherent lack of stability for such polymers, but rather, to synthesis problems arising from both the anhydride and amine precursors. The synthetic problems are twofold: (1) the heterocyclic diamines used in this study display low reactivity; (2) pyrazinecarboxylic acids readily decarboxylate. These conclusions were drawn from a correlation of the relative basicity values of the diamines of consideration and from study of a series of model compounds prepared from an appropriate amine or diamine with PDTA, pyrazinedicarboxylic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, or pyromellitic dianhydride. An accumulation of infrared and mass spectra data for these models relate that the proposed pyrazine polyimides are not of complete polyimide structure, but rather resemble recurring amide-imide units.
Postoperative hyponatremia predicts an increase in mortality and in-hospital complications after cardiac surgery.

Background The association between postoperative hyponatremia (Na Study Design We studied 4,850 patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2002 to 2008. We used multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis to study the association between postoperative hyponatremia and mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), and complications. Results Postoperative hyponatremia was present in 59%. Hyponatremic patients were older (mean ± SD, 62 ± 13 vs 61 ± 14 years, p = 0.001), had lower left ventricle ejection fraction (mean ± SD, 44% ± 16% vs 48% ± 13%, p 2 , p = 0.01), higher EuroSCORE (median, 15% vs 6%, p Conclusions Hyponatremia is common after cardiac surgery and is an independent predictor of increased mortality, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications.
Thin Riemannian manifolds with boundary

Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation (1991): 53C20, 53C291. IntroductionLet M be a complete connected Riemannian manifold with boundary B, K bethe sectional curvature of the interior, and be the normal curvature of B. Theinradius of M isinr = supfd(p;B):p2Mg:Thus for every r <inr there is some metric ball of radius r in M that does notintersect B.Byathin manifold with boundary M we mean one for which thescale-free invariantinr
Conduction-band deformation effect on stress-induced leakage current

Abstract An improved model of the stress-induced leakage current including effect of the inelastic trap-assisted tunneling is proposed. The present model accounts for the conduction band deformation effect. The simulation results reveal that the conduction-band deformation effect cannot be neglected when trapped charge density is larger than 10 12 cm −2 . The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND CONDITIONS SIMULATING AUTOGENICALLY CHANGING MICROHABITATS ON BENTHIC DIATOM IMMIGRATION

Diatom immigration rates were affected by changes in current patterns similar to those found around substrates in streams and were increased by changes in microhabitat characteristics similar to those autogenically generated during diatom community development. Diatom abundances on tiles exposed for 24 h, i.e., diatom immigration rates, ranged from 30 to 1500 cells.cm-2 d-1. Immigration rates in areas sheltered from the 27 cm/s currents of two Michigan streams were greater than in areas exposed to the current. Diatom immigration rates increased by a factor of 6 when microhabitat conditions were altered by interrupting currents near the substrate surface, and by a factor of 2 when substrates were coated with agar. These two microhabitat conditions, respectively, simulated changes in current patterns near the substrate, and in adsorptive characteristics of the substrate that could occur autogenically as diatoms accumulate on substrates. Species-specific effects of current velocity and microhabitat conditions were related to size and growth habits of cells.
A brief history of magnetospheric physics before the spaceflight era

Early research on the earth's magnetic environment is reviewed, with attention given to the period when only ground-based observations were possible. Early work on geomagnetism is discussed as well as the sunspot cycle, solar fares, the possibility of electron beams from the sun, and the Chapman-Ferraro cavity. Consideration is also given to the ring current, Alfvens theory and electric fields, interplanetary plasma, and polar magnetic storms.
Surfing the Stacks in an Electronic Age

Summary Current trends in library training and practice reflect the inexorable movement toward the electronic environment. In this setting, librarians are beginning to pay considerably less attention to the books in their reference collections than to the online sources. This is cause for concern, since materials in the print format are often preferable to the electronic. They can be more accessible, quicker, and easier to use. Their contents are likely to be more comprehensive and are often unique. Librarians are urged to continue to become familiar with and use the books in the reference collections.
Recruitment of Activation Receptors at Inhibitory NK Cell Immune Synapses

Natural killer (NK) cell activation receptors accumulate by an actin-dependent process at cytotoxic immune synapses where they provide synergistic signals that trigger NK cell effector functions. In contrast, NK cell inhibitory receptors, including members of the MHC class I-specific killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, accumulate at inhibitory immune synapses, block actin dynamics, and prevent actin-dependent phosphorylation of activation receptors. Therefore, one would predict inhibition of actin-dependent accumulation of activation receptors when inhibitory receptors are engaged. By confocal imaging of primary human NK cells in contact with target cells expressing physiological ligands of NK cell receptors, we show here that this prediction is incorrect. Target cells included a human cell line and transfected Drosophila insect cells that expressed ligands of NK cell activation receptors in combination with an MHC class I ligand of inhibitory KIR. The two NK cell activation receptors CD2 and 2B4 accumulated and co-localized with KIR at inhibitory immune synapses. In fact, KIR promoted CD2 and 2B4 clustering, as CD2 and 2B4 accumulated more efficiently at inhibitory synapses. In contrast, accumulation of KIR and of activation receptors at inhibitory synapses correlated with reduced density of the integrin LFA-1. These results imply that inhibitory KIR does not prevent CD2 and 2B4 signaling by blocking their accumulation at NK cell immune synapses, but by blocking their ability to signal within inhibitory synapses.
Travels in ancient lands

In Search of the Old Ones: Exploring the Anasazi World of the Southwest. By David Roberts. Simon and Schuster: 1996. Pp. 271. $24.
Determination of monoclonal antibody concentration in cell culture by capture ELISA

Methods for analyzing capture ELISA results to estimate antibody concentrations are reviewed and experimentally compared. Good correlation of data to the theoretical isotherm was obtained with a nonlinear regression method, but some linearization methods resulted in very poor correlation of the data. Reasons for the poor correlations are discussed, and strategies are recommended for calculation of antibody concentrations.
The effect of tension-free vaginal tape placement on distal anterior vaginal wall support at the time of laparoscopic sacral colpoperineopexy

Purpose The occurrence of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse can often coexist resulting in the need for concomitant surgical procedures to treat both conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine if tension-free vaginal tape (TVT®) at the time of laparoscopic sacral colpoperineopexy (LSCP) had an effect on distal anterior vaginal wall support.
Typhoon Structure as Revealed by Aircraft Reconnaissance. Part I: Data Analysis and Climatology

Abstract This is the first of two papers describing the structure of northwest Pacific tropical cyclones as revealed by U.S. Air Force aircraft reconnaissance. This first paper describes the background philosophy for this research, the types of flight missions flown, data reduction procedures, and the general climatological characteristics of this region's typhoons and tropical storms. Analysis has been performed on 700 mb aircraft data from ova 500 Guam-based, WC-130 aircraft missions into 66 tropical cyclones, two-thirds of which were of typhoon intensity sometime during their life cycle. All flight missions followed similar standardized flight tracks. Data are analyzed for the three seasons of 1980–82. This aircraft dataset is unique in providing wind and pressure-height profile information at radial resolutions of 0.5° (56 km) from a tropical cyclone's center out to 4° radius. This allows a cyclone°s outer-core wind strength to be measured in relation to its inner-core intensity. The varying relations...
Refinement in the rehabilitation of the paralyzed face using botulinum toxin

Abstract A number of surgical procedures exist to improve facial symmetry for patients with facial paralysis. Whereas static symmetry is often improved, dynamic asymmetry frequently persists because of the imbalance of complex coordinated movements of facial expression. The paralyzed face is often distorted by the excessive pull of the normal contralateral face during emotional expression. This study reports an expanded clinical indication for botulinum toxin in patients with unilateral facial paralysis. Ten patients with facial paralysis and markedly asymmetric smiles were treated with botulinum toxin A injections into the contralateral zygomaticus major, levators labii superioris and angulii oris, or risorius muscles. Eight of the 10 patients noted improvement in the symmetry of their smiles and underwent repeat injections. The onset and duration of effect averaged 5.9 days and 3 months, respectively. Botulinum toxin therapy provides a safe and efficacious modality for refining the appearance of the paralyzed face during mimetic activity. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:303-7.)
The DSM-5 - an interview with David Kupfer

In this podcast we talk to Prof David Kupfer about the challenges, controversies and future directions of DSM-5 by considering other research frameworks and classification systems of disease, and how this revised psychiatric diagnostic manual will impact global mental health classification and the field of medicine.
Optimizing energy generation from Hawaii's biomass sources: A new approach

Abstract The concept of a central power plant, with its attendant economies of scale and advanced technology, as opposed to fragmented, small-scale operations by individual plantations, is examined in the context of energy generation from Hawaii's biomass sources. The thesis that the most cost-effective conversion of Hawaii's biomass sources to electricity can be best accomplished by such a power plant is developed. The study also suggests that it is cheaper to produce electric power from a biomass-fueled plant than from a fuel oil-based facility.
The Human Aquaporin-5 Gene MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION

Abstract The cDNA for the fifth mammalian aquaporin (AQP5) was isolated from rat, and expression was demonstrated in rat salivary and lacrimal glands, cornea, and lung (Raina, S., Preston, G. M., Guggino, W. B., and Agre, P.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1908-1912). Here we report the isolation and characterization of the human AQP5 cDNA and gene. The AQP5 cDNA from a human submaxillary gland library contains a 795-base pair open reading frame encoding a 265-amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequences of human and rat AQP5 are 91% identical with 6 substitutions in the 22-amino acid COOH-terminal domain. Expression of human AQP5 in Xenopus oocytes conferred mercurial-sensitive osmotic water permeability (P) equivalent to other aquaporins. The human AQP5 structural gene resides within a 7.4-kilobase SalI-EcoRI fragment with four exons corresponding to amino acids 1-121, 122-176, 177-204, and 205-265 separated by introns of 1.2, 0.5, and 0.9 kilobases. A transcription initiation site was identified 518 base pairs upstream of the initiating methionine. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that AQP5 is a single copy gene which localized to human chromosome 12q13; this coincides with the chromosomal locations of the homologous human genes MIP and AQP2, thus confirming 12q13 as the site of an aquaporin gene cluster. The mouse gene localized to distal chromosome 15. This information may permit molecular characterization of AQP5 expression during normal development and in clinical disorders.
Physical Anhedonia and Future Psychopathology: An Electrocortical Continuity?

During the past decade, a great deal of effort has been focused on the identification of subjects who may be at “high-risk” for the development of psychopathology. Chapman, Chapman, and Raulin (1976) suggested that college students who report pervasive physical anhedonia may comprise a group of subjects vulnerable to the development of schizophrenia. The present study provides cortical evoked potential data consistent with this relationship. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected from anhedonic subjects and normal controls under two conditions of auditory stimulation. In the first condition (nonsignal orienting), anhedonic and normal control subjects did not differ on any measure of the ERP. However, under signal conditions, reliable group differences emerged which were strikingly apparent in the late positive (P3) component. These group differences were maximal when the auditory signal predicted a high-interest event. Similar observations of reduced P3 activity have been frequently reported in studies with schizophrenic patients. In conjunction with previous investigations of anhedonic subjects, the present data continue to support the hypothesis that these subjects may constitute a psychosis-prone population.
A crucial effect of ligand clustering on the inhibition of binding by L-selectin in intercellular adhesion

Glucan sulfates were found to be potent ligands for L-selectin by a quantitative liquid phase analysis system (Yoshida, T. et al., Eur. J. Biochem., in press). The affinity of glucan sulfates to L-selectin-IgG chimera was dependent on the size of the glucan sulfates as well as on the inter-glucose linkages. In the current report, these glucan sulfates are shown to inhibit the interaction of an endothelial cell line with lymphocytes. The effect of ligand size appears to be more remarkable in the cell-cell binding than in the liquid phase analysis. The affinity of amylose sulfate continues to increase, as their size increases even beyond 12 kDa, at which its affinity reached a plateaux in the liquid phase analysis.
Generic rings for Picard-Vessiot extensions and generic differential equations

Let G be an observable subgroup of GLn. We produce an extension of differential commutative rings generic for Picard–Vessiot extensions with group G.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF ERYNNIOPSIS ANTENNATA (DIPT. : TACHINIDAE) AND TETRASTICHUS BREVISTIGMA (HYM. : EULOPHIDAE), TWO INTRODUCED ELM LEAF BEETLE PARASITOIDS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Erynniopsis antennata (Rondani), an introduced larval and larval-adult parasitoid of the elm leaf beetle (ELB),Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller), was found in 11 of 12 northern California cities whereUlmus procera Salisbury andUlmus pumila L. were sampled in 1986 and/or 1987. Maximum apparent parasitism was over 40% in 4 of the cities, but mean parasitism for all sites combined was 4.5%. An introduced pupal parasitoid,Tetrastichus brevistigma Gahan, was found in only 7 cities, with mean and maximum apparent parasitism of 1.2 and 22%, respectively.E. antennata may be of value in managing ELB populations, but more knowledge of its biology and improved sampling methods are required.
Changes in appetitive behavior in weanling-age rats: Transitions from suckling to feeding behavior

To help identify determinants of rat appetitive behavior during the weanling period, rat pups 17-32 days of age were studied in a Y-maze. One arm of the maze provided pups with the opportunity to suckle a lactating or nonlactating anesthetized female. The other arm always contained a familiar food, either liquid diet or ground laboratory chow. In some experiments the dam was separated from the food compartment by a thin gauze screen. In other tests maternal contact could be maintained in the feeding goal but suckling in that compartment was prevented by nipple involution. Age was the major determinant of choice, with more older animals choosing the food arm. Availability of maternal contact in the feeding compartment increased the percentage of rats that chose to feed by about 20% at all ages studied. Food quality, but not quantity, affected choice at each age, as did lactational status. Prior food, water, and maternal deprivation (2 or 24 hr) did not affect choice behavior at any age but did influence behavior in the goal box. These findings are discussed within the context of the changing demands faced by the rats during the weaning period.
Electron attachment and detachment: C6F6

Abstract : Electron attachment to C(sub 6)F(sub 6) is especially interesting because of the large change in symmetry between the neutral (D(sub 6h)) and anion (C(sub 2v)). We have made measurements of rate constants for electron attachment to C(sub 6)F(sub 6) and thermal electron detachment from the parent anion, C(sub 6)F(sub 6), over the temperature range 297-400K. in 133 Pa of He gas. A flowing-afterglow Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus was used for this work. At 298K, the electron attachment rate constant is kappa(sub a) = 8.6(plus or minus)3.0 x 10(exp 8) cu cm s(exp -1), and the detachment rate constant kappa (sub d) is approximately 35 s(exp-1). As the temperature increases kappa (sub d) increases rapidly, to about 3000 s(exp -1) at 400K. The attachment/detachment equilibrium implies that the electron affinity of C(sub 6)F(sub 6) is 0.53(plus or minus)0.05 eV. Density functional calculations were carried out in order to obtain thermal quantities needed to convert the equilibrium constant kappa(sub a)/kappa(sub d) into EA(C(sub 6)F(sub 6)). G3(MP2) calculations yielded an electron affinity of 0.454 eV. The fluoride affinity of C(sub 6)F(sub 6) was calculated to be 1.26 eV at 298 K using this same method. We expect the G3(MP2) results to be good within 0.1 eV.
Divergent evidence on free riding: An experimental examination of possible explanations

The most important single observation from this research is the similarity between our wide range of results and the multitude of seemingly divergent conclusions about free riding from previous experimental results. Even when defined in the restrictive manner of this paper, free riding is neither absolutely all pervasive nor always nonexistent. This ‘intermediate’ result is not the same as a general theory which states that the predictable result of public goods provision processes is always weak free riding. The extremes of strong free riding and near-Lindahl optimal behavior can and do occur.
Comparison of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-Β-hydroxylase inhibition with the effects of various 6-hydroxydopamine treatments on d-amphetamine induced motor activity

The significance of central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neural systems for the locomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine were investigated in rats with depletions of norepinephrine, dopamine, or both catecholamines produced by treatment with either reserpine, L-α-methyl-tyrosine (α-MPT), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or the dopamine-Β-hydroxylase inhibitor 1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea (U-14,624). In animals pretreated with reserpine, amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity was blocked by Β-MPT but not by U-14,624 when amphetamine was given l h after these catecholamine synthesis inhibitors. In rats with chronic depletions of brain norepinephrine, dopamine, or both catecholamines produced by different 6-OHDA treatments, both amphetamine-stimulated motor activity and stereotyped behavior were antagonized by treatments reducing dopamine or both catecholamines but not in animals in which brain norepinephrine was reduced. Results are consistent with the view that the locomotor stimulation and stereotyped behaviors produced by d-amphetamine are dependent upon functional dopaminergic neural systems in brain.
3D Packaging Materials Based on Graphite Nanoplatelet and Aluminum Nitride Nanocomposites

Nanostructured composites with efficient percolation networks are promising candidates for packaging materials due to their high thermal conductivity. In this study, we investigate the thermal conductivity of composites consisting of a combination of exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet (xGNP) and aluminum nitride (AlN) particles in polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The surfaces of the AlN particles are treated with silane to reduce the interfacial thermal resistance at particle-matrix boundary. Samples with 50 vol% AlN and 2 vol% xGNP showed an order of magnitude enhancement in thermal conductivity. AlN composites (with and with out xGNP) showed evidence of effective percolation pathways for AlN vol % over ∼40.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A PMMA microcapillary quantum dot linked immunosorbent assay (QLISA)

The development of a simple and inexpensive quantum dot based immunoassay for detecting myeloperoxidase (MPO) in stool samples is reported (QLISA). The method developed utilizes readily available polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microcapillaries as substrates for performing the sandwich assay. High power (80 mW) and low power (10 mW) UV-LEDs were tested for their efficiency in maximizing detection sensitivity in a waveguide illumination or a side illumination mode. The results obtained indicate that both waveguide and side illumination modes can be employed for detecting MPO down to 15 ng/mL, however the high power LED in a side illumination mode improves sensitivity and simplifies the data acquisition process. The protocol and sensor robustness was evaluated with animal stool samples spiked with MPO and the results indicate that the sensitivity of detection is not compromised when used in stool samples. The effect of the ionic strength of the environment on the fluorescence stability of quantum dots was evaluated and found to affect the assay only if long imaging times are employed. Replacing the buffer with glycerol during imaging increased the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots while significantly minimized the loss in intensity even after 2 h.
The kinetic energy budget over North America during a period of major cyclone development

The kinetic energy budget over North America is computed for a six day period spanning the pre-storm, growth, and decay stages of an intense cyclone. Regarding this region as comprising the total storm system, the results show that for the total system near balance between conversion of potential to kinetic energy and dissipation of kinetic energy occurs in the lower troposphere. However, in the upper troposphere the import of kinetic energy is an additional energy source which often exceeds the contribution from the conversion process. In addition the strong upper tropospheric flow is accompanied by a maximum in the dissipation. A composite energy budget for the immediate storm vicinity leads to conclusions which are qualitatively similar to those for the storm system, although the storm vicinity is energetically more intense than the total storm system by a factor of about three. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00626.x
Evaluation of sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of kidneys

Abstract The efficacy of Sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of dog kidneys was determined. Complete ischemia was produced in one kidney for thirty minutes by clamping the renal pedicle in situ, followed by excision and immediate washout with the cold preservation fluid. Kidneys were stored in Sacks solution at 2° C. for forty-eight hours, reimplanted in the donor, and the normal, contralateral kidney was removed. Complete reversal of renal impairment with long-term survival was observed in 2 of 9 animals. Of 7 animals with graft failure, 2 showed the beginning of a tendency to reverse a rising serum creatinine at the time of death or sacrifice. In the remaining 5, creatinine rose unrelentingly until death or sacrifice occurred. The observed 22 per cent survival rate was significantly (p
Formulating the Rasch Differential Item Functioning Model Under the Marginal Maximum Likelihood Estimation Context and Its Comparison With Mantel–Haenszel Procedure in Short Test and Small Sample Conditions

This study elaborates the Rasch differential item functioning (DIF) model formulation under the marginal maximum likelihood estimation context. Also, the Rasch DIF model performance was examined an...
Kitcher and the Obsessive Unifier

Philip Kitcher has advanced an account of scientific progress1 in which explanatory unification2 plays a central role. According to that account, one of the two basic ways science progresses is explanatorily, where explanatory progress is a matter of increasing unifying power. A natural worry about this sort of view is that too enthusiastically seeking unification will lead us to impose artificial structure on the world, thus yielding an incorrect view of the world and its goings on. Kitcher has addressed this worry under the heading obsessive unifier? In this paper, I argue that his response to the obsessive unifier worry is unsatisfactory. I further suggest a remedy to the obsessive unifier worry, but one that Kitcher is not likely to endorse.
Computation of unsteady supersonic quasi-one-dimensional viscous-inviscid interacting internal flowfields

The present steady and unsteady quasi-1D internal supersonic flowfield calculations employs a novel viscous-inviscid interaction technique directly coupling and simultaneously solving the inviscid and viscous equations. The coupled system is numerically solved using a two-stage Runge-Kutta scheme with first-order one-sided spatial differencing. Simple supersonic internal flow test cases are computed to demonstrate the capabilities of the computational procedure.
Weight loss and shock-elicited aggression as indices of morphine abstinence in rats.

Weight loss and shock-elicited aggression have been compared as quantitative indices of morphine abstinence in rats. A range of doses of morphine was administered to rats by i.p. injection twice daily for 12–15 days. After injections were stopped, morphine-abstinent rats lost weight precipitously, and showed an increased frequency of fighting in response to aversive stimulation (foot-shock). Recovery of weight appeared complete after 15–20 days but a significant increase in aggression was found at 18 days post-withdrawal; this virtually disappeared after 52 days. Both the amount of weight lost and the frequency of fighting increased as a function of the previous maintenance dose of morphine; the effective dose range appeared similar for these two indices. Weight loss was much less variable than fighting, had the advantage of rapid, objective measurement, and appeared to be the more reliable index of abstinence.