cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of nadolol-digoxin combination therapy and digoxin monotherapy for chronic atrial fibrillation

In some patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, treatment with digitalis alone may fail to produce a satisfactory decrease in heart rate at rest or during exercise or emotional stress. Findings of a few clinical studies suggest that beta blockade in combination with digitalis therapy may be of benefit in these patients. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 8-week study of 32 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, the effects of digoxin therapy alone were compared with a combination of digoxin and nadolol. Criteria for entry into the study included ventricular rate at rest greater than or equal to 80/min or greater than or equal to 120/min with exercise, and serum digoxin levels within the therapeutic range. After digoxin dose titration to produce therapeutic levels, digoxin dosage remained constant throughout the balance of the study. After a 2-week, single-blind placebo lead-in period, patients were randomized to receive either digoxin plus placebo or a combination of digoxin and nadolol. The dose of nadolol/placebo was titrated from 20 to 120 mg daily as tolerated. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings, symptom-limited exercise treadmill tests and serum digoxin and nadolol levels were obtained at the end of the single and double-blind treatment periods. Comparing endpoint with baseline, results from Holter recordings showed that patients treated with a combination of digoxin and nadolol had significant (p less than 0.001) decreases in 24 hour average (78 +/- 4 to 63 +/- 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arc recovery strength measurements

A SYSTEM has been developed for determining the recovery strength of arcs by means of a sine-wave source of current and a high-voltage pulse. Arcs can be studied at currents up to 8,000 amperes, and recovery voltages to 37 kv. The system is shown schematically in Fig. 1. In this figure, the 60-cycle arc-current circuit is designated by the heavy line. The arc under study is drawn in Switch I. The high-voltage pulse that is used to “probe” the residual plasma of the arc is applied between Switch I and Switch II. Switch II is used to isolate the high-voltage pulse from the low-voltage power source. The sequence of operation of the two switches is shown by the simulated current oscillogram of trace A of Fig. 2. Since Switch II is opened near the zero of the current wave, it is deionized much more rapidly than the switch under test and is therefore able to withstand much more voltage than that at which Switch I re-ignites.
Involvement of the serotonergic system in the prolongation of pentobarbital sleeping time produced by prostaglandin D2.

Abstract In the present study, the depressant and sedative actions of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were investigated. Intravenous (IV) administration of PGD2 produced a significant decrease in the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice from 1 to 15 minutes following injection. Prostaglandin D2 was also able to potentiate pentobarbital sleeping time at doses of 0.4 and 4.0 mg/kg when administered intravenously. Distribution studies with 3H-PGD2 (6 μCi, 4 mg/kg) showed that only 0.04% of the tritium administered could be found in brain at 5 min after the injection, and that only 50% of this was parent 3H-PGD2. The role of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the depressant action of PGD2 was investigated with drugs which modulate this system. The ability of PGD2 to potentiate pentobarbital sleeping time was diminished by pretreatment with agents that reduce brain level or synthesis rate of serotonin. Such agents include para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), a neurotoxin with selectivity for serotonergic neurons, and quipazine, a serotonergic autoreceptor stimulant. On the other hand, pretreatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of serotonin, further enhanced the potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time by PGD2. These data suggest that the depressant actions of PGD2 are linked to the serotonergic neurotransmitter system.
HSP72 depletion suppresses γH2AX activation by genotoxic stresses via p53/p21 signaling

Knockout of heat shock protein Hsp72 was shown to promote chromosomal instability and increase radiation sensitivity of mouse fibroblasts. Here, we report that downregulation of Hsp72 in human tumor cells leads to suppression of a specific branch of the DNA damage response (DDR) that facilitates DNA repair following genotoxic insults, that is, reduced accumulation of the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX (gammaH2AX). This inhibition was due to decreased expression of H2AX as well as higher rate of gammaH2AX dephosphorylation. Formation of gammaH2AX and MDC1 radiation-induced foci was impaired in Hsp72-depleted cells, which in turn enhanced DNA damage, resulting in sensitization of cells to gamma-radiation and doxorubicin. These effects of Hsp72 knockdown were dependent on activation of the p53/p21-signaling pathway. Overall, permanent activation of the p53/p21 signaling in Hsp72-depleted cells specifically impaired the gammaH2AX pathway of the DDR, enhanced DNA damage following genotoxic insults, and led to further stimulation of the p53/p21 pathway, thus creating a positive feedback loop. The resulting strong induction of p21 precipitated senescence following exposure to DNA-damaging agents, thus accounting for higher sensitivity of cells to genotoxic stresses.
Sintering of Mullite-Containing Materials: II, Effect of Agglomeration

The sintering behavior of mullite powder compacts which contained soft and hard agglomerates was studied, The maximum density achieved depended on the size and packing of the agglomerates. Although the initial % total pore volume was kept constant, the presence of larger pores in the green compact, due to larger agglomerates, resulted in lower final densities after sintering. Densification rates were enhanced by the breakdown of agglomerates by grinding. The particle and agglomerate packing arrangements caused densification substages to occur. A schematic model is presented which agrees well with the observed experimental behavior.
Electric field enhancement caused by porosity in ultra-low-k dielectrics

It is demonstrated that the electric field distribution can be distinguishably enhanced by the presence of free volumes or pores in dielectrics. It is shown that the intensity of the electric field is dependent on the permittivity, shape and interconnectivity of the pores. This leads to the conclusion that inclusion of porosity in dielectrics can degrade the insulating property and enhance the dielectric breakdown mechanism.
Human DNA sequences homologous to a protein coding region conserved between homeotic genes of Drosophila

Several human DNA sequences were isolated by virtue of homology to a highly conserved region that has been identified in a number of homeotic genes in Drosophila. Structural analysis of the human DNAs indicate that two separate and distinct regions sharing a high degree of homology with the homeo box sequences of Drosophila are separated by only 5 kb in the human genome. Sequence determination of these regions reveals that both human DNA sequences contain a region capable of coding 61 amino acids, which shares greater than 90% homology with the peptide sequences specified by the homeo box domain of Drosophila homeotic genes, Antennapedia, fushi tarazu, and Ultrabithorax. By contrast, the human DNA sequences lying outside of the 190 nucleotide homeo box region share virtually no sequence homology, either with the flanking sequences of the other human clones or with flanking regions of the known Drosophila homeotic genes.
Transient laminar flame propagation in confined premixed gases: Numerical predictions

A model is developed for ignition and laminar flame propagation in premixed gases confined in a closed chamber. Predictions follow from a numerical solution to the one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes Equations. The solution procedure properly accounts for multispecies diffusion, finite-rate chemical reactions, and interaction of the combustion wave with the confining geometry. A prediction of the flammability limit in ozone/oxygen is consistent with experimental data. Computations, for a mixture of 18 mole % O3 in O2 indicate that the confined flame (1) remains far from chemical equilibrium, (2) pulsates with significant amplitude at a slowly increasing frequency predicted by Jost's acoustic analysis, and (3) accelerates to speeds which are an order of magnitude greater than a steady state flame at the pressure levels involved.
HLA-DR antigens and mitogenic factors released by PWM-stimulated T lymphocytes share the framework determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody Q5/13☆

Abstract Human T lymphocytes release factors which enhance the mitogenic response of B lymphocytes to PWM. These mitogenic factors share with HLA-DR antigens the framework determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody Q5/13 (MoAb Q5/13) since adsorption of T-cell medium with an excess of insolubilized MoAb Q5/13 significantly reduces the enhancing activity of the T-cell supernatant on the proliferative response of B cells to PWM. On the other hand, incubation of the T-cell supernatant with an excess of insolubilized anti-HLA-A,B MoAb Q1/28 did not effect the activity of the T-cell supernatant in the proliferative assay.
The Preterm Prediction Study: Association of second-trimester genitourinary chlamydia infection with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the association between genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and spontaneous preterm birth. Study Design: Genitourinary tract infection with C trachomatis was determined with a ligase chain reaction assay of voided urine samples collected at 24 weeks' gestation (22 weeks' to 24 weeks 6 days' gestation) and 28 weeks' gestation (27 weeks' to 28 weeks 6 days' gestation). Case patients (spontaneous preterm birth at Results: Genitourinary C trachomatis infection (11% overall) was significantly more common among the case patients than among the control subjects at 24 weeks' gestation (15.8% vs 6.3%; P =.003) but not at 28 weeks' gestation (12.6% vs 10.9%; P =.61). Women with chlamydia infection were more likely to have bacterial vaginosis (57.1% vs 32.9%; P =.002) and a short cervical length (≤25 mm; 33.0% vs 17.9%; P =.02) but not a body mass index 2 (35.0% vs 23.9%; P =.17) or a positive fetal fibronectin test result (7.1% vs 9.5%; P =.62). After adjustment for risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth, women with C trachomatis infection at 24 weeks' gestation were 2 times as likely as uninfected women to have a spontaneous preterm birth at Conclusion: Genitourinary C trachomatis infection at 24 weeks' gestation was associated with a 2-fold to 3-fold increased risk of subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:662-8.)
Log-in/log-out time: A quality factor for a reference laboratory—Prolonged times for skin pathology processing in managed care-authorized laboratories

Managed care organizations may divert skin biopsy specimens to commercial laboratories selected on a cost basis. Diversion to these laboratories could result in service of decreased quality for the patient and referring physician. Log-in/log-out dates were collected for all specimens submitted to managed care-authorized laboratories either from a university-based clinic or from a private practitioner's office for a period of 18 months and compared with data obtained from a local dermatopathology laboratory. A subgroup of specimens containing inflammatory diagnoses or nondiagnostic changes was also examined. Mean log-in/log-out times were 1.338 days in the dermatopathology laboratory, 6.123 days in managed care-authorized laboratories from the university site, and 7.798 days in managed care-authorized laboratories from a practitioner's office. The differences between the dermatopathology laboratory log-in/log-out times and those of the managed care-authorized laboratories were statistically significant ( p
Dividing attention during a witnessed event increases eyewitness suggestibility

Real-life witnesses often encounter complex situations that may prevent them from devoting their full attention to encoding forensically-relevant information about the event. Although prior research has demonstrated that divided attention can impair aspects of event memory, the current study examined the effect of attention during encoding of the event on participants' memory for the source of post-event misleading information. Participants first viewed a slide sequence depicting a theft under full or divided attention conditions. Subsequently, they answered questions about the event that included misleading information, and finally received a source test. Results revealed that Divided Attention participants showed poorer memory for event items and were more likely to misattribute post-event misinformation to the event than were Full Attention participants. The findings suggest that typical laboratory conditions (which allow full deployment of attentional resources during encoding) may underestimate the suggestibility of witnesses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Can we ever separate the tool and the fool

The ongoing debate in the literature between the relative merits of the endoscope versus the microscope in pituitary surgery continues unabated. In their article, Alahmadi et al. present a series of 39 endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries for residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas. All patients had previously undergone surgical resection using microscopic technique. One third of their patients had more than one previous resection and prior microscopic resection was on average 7 years before the endoscopic approach. They report a gross total resection in 70% of recurrent tumors and in 41% previously incompletely resected tumors. The patient cohort analyzed in the current study allowed for comparison between exposure achieved by microscopic surgery and endoscopic technique. In 76% of cases, the investigators assessed previous microsurgical exposure as suboptimal, which was defined as inability to see anatomic landmarks. These finding were similar to a previous study that proposed suboptimal exposure as possible cause for subtotal resection in patients that had undergone microscopic resection (1). Differences in the extent of exposure between microscopic and endoscopic technique are not entirely surprising. Areas remote to the working axis, in particular the planum and bone overlying the cavernous sinus. may be challenging to visualize with the speculum in place during a standard microsurgical transsphenoidal approach. Thus, microscopic technique often uses angled loop curettes for removal of tumor tissue without direct visual control. Endoscopic techniques provide a panoramic view, which is further enhanced by the use of angled scopes allowing for visualization of objects remote to the working axis (2, 3).
Application of a real-time, calculable limiting form of the Renyi entropy for molecular imaging of tumors

Previously, we reported new methods for ultrasound signal characterization using entropy, Hf; a generalized entropy, the Renyi entropy, If(r); and a limiting form of Renyi entropy suitable for real-time calculation, If,∞. All of these quantities demonstrated significantly more sensitivity to subtle changes in scattering architecture than energy-based methods in certain settings. In this study, the real-time calculable limit of the Renyi entropy, If,∞, is applied for the imaging of angiogenic murine neovasculature in a breast cancer xenograft using a targeted contrast agent. It is shown that this approach may be used to reliably detect the accumulation of targeted nanoparticles at five minutes post-injection in this in vivo model.
Deriving user interface requirements from densely interleaved scientific computing applications

Deriving user interface requirements is a key step in user interface generation and maintenance. For single purpose numeric routines, user interface requirements are relatively simple to derive. However, general numeric packages, which are solvers for entire classes of problems, are densely interleaved with strands shared and mixed among user options. This complexity forms a significant barrier to the derivation of user interface requirements and therefore to user interface generation and maintainance. Our methodology uses a graph representation to find potential user decision points implied by the control structure of the code. This graph is then iteratively refined to form a decision point diagram, a state machine representation of all possible user traversals through a user interface for the underlying code.
A modern PC-based sidescan sonar acquisition and display system

As part of a University of Rhode Island Ocean Technology program promoting university/industry cooperation, graduate students in ocean engineering undertook the preliminary design and implementation of an inexpensive data collection and real-time mosaicing system for use with dual frequency side-scan sonar tow fish. Objectives for the design included replacing high-cost deck units and mini-computer acquisition systems with a receiver integrated into a personal computer using a single printed circuit board with an external high voltage power supply box. Hardware features on the new system are described. Software features include: (1) real-time scrolling of side-scan data, (2) display of navigation and control data (3) real-time bottom detect and mosaicing of data, and (4) data logging. The hardware system used for initial development consists of a 33 MHz 386 PC/AT bus computer, a SVGA display card and monitor with resolution up to 1024/spl times/768/spl times/256 colors, and a SCSI disk and tape. A 16-bit AT prototype board contains all the necessary digital and analog components for data acquisition. An external 750 volt power supply provides system compatibility with EG&G and Klein tow fish. Digitized sonar returns are acquired via 4096 byte FIFO data buffers and Direct Memory Access (DMA) for data rates of 40 kilobytes per second. Standard I/O port addressing is used for input from control knobs and communications to the board. A preliminary bottom detect and mosaicing system for display has been prototyped using software in the PC and a Spectrum TMS320C30 DSP card in the 386 computer. >
Stevens's brightness law, contrast gain control, and edge integration in achromatic color perception: a unified model

The brightness of an isolated test patch is related to its luminance by a power law having an exponent of about 1/3, a result known as Stevens's brightness law. The brightness law exponent characterizes the rate at which brightness grows with luminance and can thus be thought of as an "exponential" gain factor. We studied changes in this gain factor for incremental and decremental test squares as a function of the size of a surrounding frame of homogeneous luminance. For incremental targets, the gain decreased as an approximately linear function of the frame width. For decremental targets, the gain increased as an approximately linear function of the frame width. We modeled the brightness of the frame-embedded target with a quantitative theory based on the assumption that the target brightness is determined by the sum of achromatic color induction signals originating from the inner and outer edges of the surround, a theory that has previously been used to account for the results of several other brightness matching experiments. To account for the frame-width-dependent gain changes observed in the present study, we elaborate this edge integration theory by proposing the existence of a cortical contrast gain control mechanism by which the gains applied to neural edge detectors are influenced by the responses of other edge detectors responding to the nearby edges.
Cellulose Hydrolysis Under Extremely Low Sulfuric Acid and High-Temperature Conditions

The kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis under extremely low acid (ELA) conditions (0.07 wt%) and at temperatures >200°C was investigated using batch reactors and bed-shrinking flow-through (BSFT) reactors. The maximum yield of glucose obtained from batch reactor experiments was about 60% for α-cellulose, which occurred at 205 and 220°C. The maximum glucose yields from yellow poplar feedstockswere substantially lower, falling in the range of 26–50%. With yellow poplar feedstocks, a large amount of glucose was unaccounted for at the latter phase of the batch reactions. It appears that a substantial amount of released glucose condenses with nonglucosidic substances. in liquid. The rate of glucan hydrolysis under ELA was relatively insensitive to temperature in batch experiments for all three substrates. This contradicts the traditional concept of cellulose hydrolysis and implies that additional factors influence the hydrolysis of glucan under ELA. Inexperiments using BSFT reactors, the glucose yields of 87.5, 90,3, and 90.8% were obtained for yellow poplar feedstocks at 205, 220, and 235°C, respectively. The hydrolysis rate for glucan was about three times higher with the BSFT than with the batch reactors. The difference of observed kinetics and performance data between the BSFT and the batch reactors was far above that predicted by the reactor theory.
Some diagnostics for Markov random fields

The development of diagnostics to check the fit of a proposed Markov random field (MRF) to data is a very important problem in spatial statistics. In this article, the consequences of fitting a given MRF to spatial data are visualized using diagnostic plots. The Gaussian MRF known as the conditional autoregressive model is featured. Various types of departures of the data from the fitted MRF model are calculated, allowing locally influential observations to be highlighted using the MRF-Neighborhoods plot. Through a global summary statistic and the Model-Comparison plot, we compare MRF models that differ both in terms of the neighborhood structure and the parameterization of spatial dependence.
On the post-glacial history of Acartia tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the gulf of maine and the gulf of St. Lawrence

Acartia tonsa Dana is thought to have invaded summer-warm estuarine headwaters north of Cape Cod, USA in modern times. However, these northern populations are relict ones, derived from a distribution which was once continuous from Cape Cod to the Northumberland Strait. The conclusion is based on: (1) the presence of other relict warm-water faunal elements; (2) the reproductive ecology of A. tonsa; (3) present and post-glacial oceanographic conditions. A. tonsa is not a relict holoplankter. Because of its dormant winter eggs, the species is analogous to a meroplanktonic species having high fecundity and a long pelagic larval stage. The disjunction of A. tonsa in its present refuges may make it useful for studies on rates of speciation in marine calanoid copepods.
A Component-Based Service Creation Framework for Mobile Applications

The design and development of mobile data services is a complex undertaking that demands expertise from system architecture, software design, wireless communication protocols, to the integration of legacy systems. Service designers have to deal with various aspects and issues at both system and application levels where the complexity and heterogeneity of the network infrastructure have to be considered. This paper describes a component-based service creation framework to simplify the design and development of mobile data services. With high level design abstraction, constraints of application domains, and the guidance of domain rules, a component - based framework enables rapid creation of mobile data services. Case studies which show the development and deployment of mobile applications are presented.
Good-Bye Significant Contacts: General Personal Jurisdiction After Daimler AG v. Bauman

This article shows that the Supreme Court's opinion in Daimler AG v. Bauman (2014) marks a significant departure from settled practice. It argues that the decision's restriction of general jurisdiction will prevent reasonable access to courts in some cases, eroding the power of state courts for the sake of achieving policy goals that are more appropriate for the political branches.
Color-blind racial attitudes and white racial identity attitudes in psychology trainees.

Is it really important to talk about race in therapy? Does discussion of societal racism have any place in the consulting room? The American Psychological Association’s (2003) recent multicultural guidelines highlight the limitations of a racially “color-blind” perspective for clinical practice. This study explored the relationships between color-blind racial attitudes and White racial identity. In a sample of 177 White counseling and clinical psychology trainees, we found that higher levels of attitudes that minimized or distorted the existence of contemporary racism (i.e., color-blind attitudes) were positively related to attitudes associated with less integrated forms of racial identity. Conversely, the results indicated that greater awareness of racism was related to more integrated White racial identity statuses. Implications for assessment, treatment, training, and future research are discussed.
Multiple Preconditioning Paradigms Converge on Interferon Regulatory Factor-Dependent Signaling to Promote Tolerance to Ischemic Brain Injury

Ischemic tolerance can be induced by numerous preconditioning stimuli, including various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We have shown previously that systemic administration of the TLR4 ligand LPS or the TLR9 ligand unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide before transient brain ischemia in mice confers substantial protection against ischemic damage. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of preconditioning, we compared brain genomic profiles in response to preconditioning with these TLR ligands and with preconditioning via exposure to brief ischemia. We found that exposure to the TLR ligands and brief ischemia induced genomic changes in the brain characteristic of a TLR pathway-mediated response. Interestingly, all three preconditioning stimuli resulted in a reprogrammed response to stroke injury that converged on a shared subset of 13 genes not evident in the genomic profile from brains that were subjected to stroke without prior preconditioning. Analysis of the promoter region of these shared genes showed sequences required for interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-mediated transcription. The importance of this IRF gene network was tested using mice deficient in IRF3 or IRF7. Our data show that both transcription factors are required for TLR-mediated preconditioning and neuroprotection. These studies are the first to discover a convergent mechanism of neuroprotection induced by preconditioning—one that potentially results in reprogramming of the TLR-mediated response to stroke and requires the presence of IRF3 and IRF7.
Age, Growth, and Mortality of Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Lower Mississippi River

Abstract Two hundred of 295 shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus captured in the Mississippi River near Rosedale and Vicksburg, Mississippi, were aged by examining sectioned pectoral fin rays. Ages ranged from 2 to 16 years, and the annual mortality was 20% for ages 7 and greater. The weight (W, g), to fork length (FL, mm) relation was W = 0.000001257 FL3.174 (R 2 = 0.87). The von Bertalanffy growth equation for fork length was FL = 730(1 − e −0.213(t+0.972)); the equation for weight was W = 1,604(1 − e −0.148(t−1.841)). Mortality and mean length at age were less than has been reported for upper Mississippi River populations of shovelnose sturgeon. Knowledge of causes of mortality of shovelnose sturgeon may have applications in management of the sympatric pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus.
Henry A. Wallace and the Ever-Normal Granary

The interest that the Far East holds for Henry A. Wallace has been concretely manifested in recent years by the trip which he took to eastern Siberia and China in the early summer of 1944, and by a pamphlet which he wrote at about the same time. Less well known is the fact that this interest, at least along certain lines, is of long standing, and has played an important part in shaping one aspect of his social thinking.During the past several years I had heard vaguely that among the agricultural measures carried out by Mr. Wallace while Secretary of Agriculture (1933–40), those grouped under the title of “The Ever-Normal Granary” had been inspired by ancient Chinese practice. Because of the importance of Wang An-shih (1021–86) in Chinese economic thought, and because of the existence of a considerable literature on Wang in English, I had supposed that it was he who might have stimulated these measures. On writing to Mr. Wallace for confirmation, however, he very kindly replied to me as follows (letter of August 24, 1945):
Pre-service Teachers' Misconceptions Regarding Three Environmental Issues.

This study identifies and describes misconceptions held by preservice elementary teachers about three environmental issues: the greenhouse effect, atmospheric ozone, and acid precipitation. One hundred and thirteen students participated in this study. A 29-statement survey was used to probe students on the causes, effects, and interactions of the three issues. Responses were obtained both quantitatively and qualitatively. The major misconceptions found in the study include: • the increased greenhouse effect may cause skin cancer, • ozone depletion may cause global warming, • ozone is a multifunctional layer, and • pollutants evaporate with water, later come down as acid rain. Recommendations regarding the changes in the curriculum and the classroom teaching practices are made for elementary teacher education programs to address the deficiencies identified in this study. Resume Cette etude cerne et decrit des interpretations erronees entretenues par des stagiaires en enseignement primaire a propos de trois enjeux environnementaux : l’effet de serre, l’ozone atmospherique et les precipitations acides. Vingt-neuf enonces ont servi a sonder 113 etudiants sur les causes, les effets et les interactions de ces trois enjeux. Des reponses tant quantitatives que qualitatives ont ete obtenues. D’apres l’etude, les principales idees fausses sont, notamment :
On the marginal utility of network topology measurements

The cost and complexity of deploying measurement infrastructure in the Internet for the purpose of analyzing its structure and behavior is considerable. Basic questions about the utility of increasing the number of measurements and measurement sites have not yet been addressed which has led to a "more is better" approach to wide-area ,measurement studies. In this paper, we step toward a more quantifiable understanding of the marginal utility of performing wide-area ,measurements in the context of Internet topology discovery. We characterize the observable topology in terms of nodes, links, node degree distribution, and distribution of end-to-end flows using statistical and information-theoretic techniques. We classify nodes discovered on the routes between a set of 8 sources and 1277 destinations to differentiate nodes which make up the so called "backbone" from those which border the backbone and those on links between the border nodes and destination nodes. This process includes reducing nodes that advertise multiple interfaces to single IP addresses. We show that the utility of adding sources beyond the second source quickly diminishes from the perspective of interface, node, link and node degree discovery. We also show that the utility of adding destinations is constant for interfaces, nodes, links and node degree indicating that it is more important to add destinations than sources.
Market value, quality of the pool of potential mates, and singles' confidence about marrying

Although most mate selection research has focused on what people want in a marriage partner, this research focuses on what people think they can get. Using survey data from a large, representative sample of unmarried individuals, this study revealed that people who believed they possessed fewer qualities that are valued in the mating marketplace and who reported meeting lower quality potential mates felt less confident about their chances of securing an acceptable partner to marry; these associations were no weaker for people who held lower versus higher standards for a mate. Consistent with predictions, individuals' perceptions of the desirability of the people in their mating pools partially mediated the link between their self-reported market value and their confidence about marrying.
Modeling and performance control of Internet servers

The paper describes modeling and performance control of an Internet server using classical feedback control theory. We show that classical feedback control can leverage on well-known real-time scheduling results to resolve one of the fundamental problems in Internet-servers today; namely, achieving overload protection and performance guarantees in the presence of load unpredictability. The research is motivated by the increasing proliferation of a new category of Web-based services, such as online trading, banking, and business transactions, where performance guarantees are required in the face of unpredictable server load. Failure to meet desired performance levels may result in loss of customers, financial damage or liability violations. State-of-the-art Web servers are not designed to offer such performance guarantees. We show that control theory offers a robust solution to the server performance control problem. We demonstrate that a general Web server may be modeled as a linear time-varying system, describe the equivalents of sensors and actuators in that system, formulate a simple feedback loop, describe how it can leverage on real-time scheduling theory to achieve timing guarantees, and evaluate the efficacy of the scheme on an experimental testbed using a real Web server (Apache), which is the most popular Internet server today. Experimental results indicate that control-theoretical techniques offer a promising way of achieving desired performance in emerging critical Internet applications.
Bandwidth measurement in xDSL networks

This paper presents the design and implementation of a scheme for accurate measurement of network bandwidth in xDSL networks, including asymmetric upstream and downstream cases. A stepwise algorithm is designed to minimize the effect on the measurements of ATM traffic shaping for ABR and UBR service classes in xDSL deployments. The accuracy of the algorithm is achieved by implementing an original traffic generator with stable performance. Evaluation experiments have demonstrated that the algorithm can achieve accurate bandwidth measurement in xDSL networks.
Transmission-line theory based distributed Z-source networks for power conversion

Power converters are switching faster and faster nowadays, making the parasitic and distributed inductance and capacitance along with passive components potentially a troublesome hardware design issue. Applications with integrated or distributed LC networks are intentionally utilizing the passive parasites. Moreover, less component count and higher power density make them very promising. This paper explores the conceptual study of power conversion applications incorporating distributed LC networks, or named distributed Z-source networks (DZSN), based on the transmission line theory. From the unique feature of periodicity exhibited by the transmission line impedance-frequency curve, switching harmonics can possibly be transformed by the DZSNs in desired manners, and thus power conversion purpose is achieved. Several new topologies are derived and corresponding control methods are proposed accordingly. A universal prototype was built and tested. Experimental results are presented to verify the performances.
Transcription Factor IIA Derepresses TATA-binding Protein (TBP)-associated Factor Inhibition of TBP-DNA Binding *

The interaction of the general transcription factor (TF) IIA with TFIID is required for transcription activationin vitro. TFIID consists of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFIIs). TFIIA binds directly to TBP and stabilizes its interaction with TATA-containing DNA. In this work, we present evidence that TAFIIs inhibit TBP-DNA and TBP-TFIIA binding, and that TFIIA stimulates transcription, in part, by overcoming this TAFII-mediated inhibition of TBP-DNA binding. TFIIA mutants modestly compromised for interaction with TBP were found to be significantly more defective in forming complexes with TFIID. Subtle changes in the stability or conformation of the TFIIA-TBP complex resulted in a failure of TFIIA to overcome TAFII-mediated inhibition of TBP-DNA binding and transcription function. Inhibition of TBP-DNA binding by TAFIIs could be partially relieved by limited proteolysis of TFIID. Proteolysis significantly stimulated TFIIA-TFIID-TATA binding in both electrophoresis mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting but had little effect on complexes formed with TBP. Recombinant TAFII250 inhibits TBP-DNA binding, whereas preincubation of TFIIA with TBP prevents this inhibition. Thus, TFIIA competes with TAFII250 for access to TBP and alters the TATA binding properties of the resulting complex. Transcriptional activation by Zta was enhanced by temperature shift inactivation of TAFII250 in the ts13 cell line, suggesting that TAFII250 has transcriptional inhibitory activity in vivo. Together, these results suggest that TAFIIs may regulate transcription initiation by inhibiting TBP-TFIIA and TBP-DNA complex formation.
Laminar converging flow of dilute polymer solutions in conical sections: Part I. Viscosity data, new viscosity model, tube flow solution

This investigation is reported in two parts. Necessary background information is introduced in Part I. The converging flow investigation proper is described in Part II (18). In Part I, viscosity data are presented for polymer solutions used in the converging flow experiment. These data are fitted with a new three-parameter viscosity model which fits the data better than previous three-parameter models. (The viscosity model parameters are used in Part II to characterize rheological behavior of the polymer solutions in the converging flow experiment.) The corresponding relationship between flow rate and pressure drop for laminar flow in cylindrical tubes is derived. (In Part II this relationship is used in deriving an analogous relationship for slow non-Newtonian flow in conical sections.) The primary purpose of Part I is to provide background information for Part II. However, the new viscosity model and the tube flow relationship are of some interest in themselves. The new viscosity model should prove useful for describing viscosity data of a variety of polymer solutions and polymer melts. A simple procedure for fitting the model to viscosity data is described. The tube flow relationship can be used for predicting pressure losses once the viscosity model parameters have been determined. Conversely, it can be used for determining the viscosity model parameters from tube flow data.
Attachment and development: a prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood.

There is much to digest in a 30 year longitudinal study of the developing person (Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005a). The following paper summarizes some key points regarding the place of ...
Agonadism: Case report and review

A 24-year-old phenotypic girl with primary amenorrhea was referred for further evaluation. The cervix and uterus were absent and no gonadal tissue was present by physical examination or at laparotomy. Her serum FSH was elevated and there was no increase in serum testosterone following HCG stimulation. The defect(s) in this case and similar patients with "agonadism" reported to date are compatible with various genetic hypotheses.
Description and Theory: A Plea for Cooperation

Sociological research consists at the present time predominantly in the investigation of the quantitative dimensions traceable in the field. This is a necessary and fruitful undertaking, but it should not be allowed to become an end in itself. Rather than as a point of arrival, it should be considered as a point of departure. Even the information to which it leads will only teach us what it can teach us, if we see it in the light of a comprehensive cultural interpretation.
Complex patterns of differential expression in candidate master regulatory genes for social behavior in honey bees

Division of labor (DOL) in the social insects is one of nature’s most derived examples of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the regulatory genomics of DOL in honey bees using RNA-Seq between nurses and foragers for eight tissues. We begin to test the hypothesis that caste-specific gene expression may be controlled in a manner analogous to how sex-specific gene expression is controlled. Specifically, we look for candidate master caste regulators that could play a role in controlling caste-specific gene expression analogous to the role played by double sex in sex-specific gene expression. We make significant first steps towards testing this hypothesis by showing that only a small number of regulatory genes show widespread differential expression across many tissues and are thus candidates for genes that could coordinate widespread patterns of gene expression in response to endocrine signals responsive to social needs. Two strong candidates are kruppel homolog-1 and double sex. Double sex, in particular, has previously been associated with sex linked phenotypic plasticity in other insects and is a promising candidate for future work. In addition to testing this primary hypothesis, we also show that the control of DOL has a complex genetic basis such that the same regulatory genes are used repeatedly in different tissues at the same caste transition in an independent manner. We further show that most regulatory genes only show differential expression in a single tissue. Overall, this study suggests candidate genes for the key regulators of social behavior in honey bees.
rAAV-CD151 promotes myocardial blood perfusion in a swine ischemia model

Objective:To investigate whether CD151 gene delivery promotes blood perfusion after myocardial infarction in swines.Method:Swines receivied coronary artery ligation and intramuscularly injection with rAAV-CD151,rAAV-antiCD151 and rAAV-GFP.Eight weeks after coronary artery ligation,the expression of CD151 was measured.13N-labeled NH3 PET was done to evaluate blood perfusion.Result:Compared to the control group and the rAAV-GFP group,the rAAV-CD151 group show higher CD151 protein expression,whereas the rAAV-antiCD151 group showed reversed changes.13N-NH3 PET imaging showed that the blood perfusion was improved and the myocardial ischemia scores were([10.82±2.36] vs [(19.33±1.67],P0.01) in rAAV-CD151 groupcompared with rAAV-GFP group.The myocardial ischemia score in the rAAV-antiCD151 group was 25.18±2.73,much larger than rAAV-CD151 group(P0.01).Conclusion:rAAV-CD151 direct injection can transfect the myocardium and express the CD151 protein.This study suggested that CD151 could promote neovascularization and blood perfusion.
Coarse-grained component concurrency in Earth System modeling

Climate models represent a large variety of processes on a variety of time and space scales, a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. Current hardware trends, such as GPUs and MICs, are based on marginal increases in clock speed, coupled with vast increases in concurrency, particularly at the fine grain. Multi-physics codes face particular challenges in achieving fine-grained concurrency, as different physics and dynamics components have different computational profiles, and universal solutions are hard to come by. 5 We propose here one approach for multi-physics codes. These codes are typically structured as components interacting via software frameworks. The component structure of a typical Earth system model consists of a hierarchical and recursive tree of components, each representing a different climate process or dynamical system. This recursive structure generally encompasses a modest level of concurrency at the highest level (e.g atmosphere and ocean on different processor sets) with serial organization underneath. 10 We propose to extend concurrency much further by running more and more lower- and higher-level components in parallel with each other. Each component can further be parallelized on the fine grain, potentially offering a major increase in scalability of Earth system models. We present here first results from this approach, called Coarse-grained Component Concurrency. Within the GFDL Flexible Modeling System, the atmospheric radiative transfer component has been configured to run in parallel with the atmospheric 15 dynamics and all other atmospheric physics components. We will explore the algorithmic challenges involved in such an approach, and present results from such simulations. Plans to achieve even greater levels of coarse-grained concurrency by extending this approach within other components such as the ocean, will be discussed.
Ozone uptake in the intact human respiratory tract: relationship between inhaled dose and actual dose.

Inhaled concentration (C), minute volume (MV), and exposure duration (T) are factors that may affect the uptake of ozone (O3) within the respiratory tract. Ten healthy adult nonsmokers participated...
International health: beyond the year 2000. Project selection. Many needs, few resources

With the tightening of health budgets in developing countries and aid donor allocations, the question of setting priorities is again at the forefront of policy issues. The luxury of letting a free market in health projects flourish cannot be afforded. This article reviews some of the major proposals for setting such priorities set out in recent years and argues for additional criteria to be applied, as well as the essential role of a new international mechanism to bridge the gap between the world of health research and service needs in the field. With some modest leadership in this area, the 1990s could be a time of major broad-based achievements in international health.
Exploratory Trajectory Clustering with Distance Geometry

We present here an example of how a large, multi-dimensional unstructured data set, namely aircraft trajectories over the United States, can be analyzed using relatively straightforward unsupervised learning techniques. We begin by adding a rough structure to the trajectory data using the notion of distance geometry. This provides a very generic structure to the data that allows it to be indexed as an n-dimensional vector. We then do a clustering based on the HDBSCAN algorithm to both group flights with similar shapes and find outliers that have a relatively unique shape. Next, we expand the notion of geometric features to more specialized features and demonstrate the power of these features to solve specific problems. Finally, we highlight not just the power of the technique but also the speed and simplicity of the implementation by demonstrating them on very large data sets.