cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Identity in Latin American History

The historiography of Latin America, which for decades centered on the twin cold-war concerns of revolution (and the repression thereof) and economic development, has within the past few years begun to explore questions of identity-the ways in which the ideologies and subjectivities of ordinary people have intersected with material conditions. In the Latin American context, analysis of social identities has centered primarily on class, ethnicity, gender, race, and nationality, considering ways in which elite and nonelite actors have tried to fashion the meanings of labels such as "woman," "Maya," or "peasant." Other categories, such as sexual, generational, and regional identities, have begun to attract some scholarly attention but thus far have taken a back seat to categories more conventionally associated with Latin American studies. This scholarly turn is hardly divorced from interest in revolutionary movements, however. Examining levels of repression and exploitation in the region, many historians of Latin America have speculated on why no larger and more successful resistance movements have blossomed. Exploring identity as an analytical category uncovers the fissures that often gaped under pressure from repressive military forces, foreign intervention, and elite domination. Alternatively, these studies also reveal the important ways in which social identities provided the cultural glue that bolstered solidarity under these same pressures. The success of these recent explorations of Latin American identities thus hinges upon the examination of social markers as historically specific rather than essential and inherent. The four books under review here form part of a larger body of literature that has fundamentally shifted the terrain in Latin American studies. Edited collections such
Review of PIXE studies of metal involvement in Reye's Syndrome

Abstract Children with Reye's Syndrome were found to have low levels of serum selenium. Two drugs associated with Reye's Syndrome, aspirin and valproic acid, decreased serum and hepatic levels of selenium in animals. A chemical (4-pentenoic acid) previously used to produce an animal model of Reye's Syndrome, was also found to alter selenium status. Changes in selenium and other trace metals may contribute to the pathophysiology of Reye's Syndrome and other neurological diseases. All analyses for trace element concentrations were performed by particle-induced X-ray emission.
ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF FERMENTATION METABOLITES: AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS

A heterogeneous microplate enzyme immunoassay with a sensitivity of 10 pg/ml (1 pg/assay) toward gentamicin has been developed for the detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics in fermentation broths. Purified gentamicin antibody was coated onto the surface of the wells of microtiter plates and incubated with gentamicin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The amount of enzyme bound to the antibody was quantified by measuring the change in absorbance at 410 nm after the addition of the substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate. Competitive assays performed by incubating the antibody and enzyme conjugate with various aminoglycosides showed that the antibody probe cross-reacted with aminoglycosides tested, except neomycins B and C. No cross-reaction was detected with non-aminoglycoside antibiotics. Complex fermentation broths did not interfere with this assay. Cultures known to produce aminoglycosides were detected at levels well below the concentrations required for antimicrobial activity. This technique is useful in the identification, quantification and screening of fermentation metabolites.
Object-based attention in patients with left and right hemisphere lesions

LBD 10/13 0123456789111 Background Egly, Driver & Rafal (1994, JEPG) revealed separable influences of spaceand object-based attention using a cueing paradigm. In addition to slowed contralesional (CONTRA) responses, patients with right brain damage (RBD; N=8) showed facilitatory object-based effects (OBEs) in both visual fields, whereas patients with left brain damage (LBD; N=5) only showed large CONTRA OBEs but no ipsilesional (IPSI) OBEs.
The computer in the university: the management and the education sides of the house

Payroll and student records have been with us as long as the professor and the classroom. The technology which evolved out of Hollerith's invention of the punched card came to be used by those concerned with payroll and student records many years ago and the "unit record" became part of the life style of those concerned with university management activity. The invention of the electronic digital computer provided a natural and important complement to an already wide spread and highly diffused information handling technology based on the punched card. With the interfacing of the computer (now better designated the information processing machine) to the communication network, we are experiencing another large leap forward in the level of sophistication of information handling.
The Emerging Role of Software Testing in Curricula

In order to produce quality products, companies require new engineering students that have good problem solving, debugging, and analysis skills. Many graduates enter the work force with exceptional development skills, but lack proficiency in test, debugging, and analysis skills. This is in part because academic curricula emphasize development at the expense of teaching software testing as a formal engineering discipline. The majority of curricula today emphasize the initial phases of a development life cycle, namely: requirements gathering, architecture design, and implementation. The skills which are retained in this area of test are often learned ad-hoc while working on solutions for an implementation-oriented course. The lack of formal test education among graduates forces industry to spend substantial resources to properly educate graduates in the art and science of software testing. The contribution of this paper to the literature includes an evaluation of software testing as an industry profession, a survey of current curricula guidelines, a survey of software testing education in practice today, and a discussion of ongoing efforts to advance the status of software testing in academic curricula through a novel, crowd-sourced, industry-expert, approach to software test education.
Some results on the probability distributions of times to pre-AIDS and AIDS

By assuming the Longini et al. staging system in this paper, we derive the probability distributions of times to pre-AIDS symptoms, to clinical AIDS and to death from AIDS under various conditions. Specific conditions involve random test for HIV antibodies, left censoring for HIV transmission and central interval censoring for seroconversion. Using these distribution results, we then derive the means and the variances of times to pre-AIDS symptoms, to clinical AIDS and to death from AIDS as well as the average incubation periods under various conditions. Some numerical results show clearly that these distributions were affected significantly by the transition parameters, the random test, and the censoring.
The influence of applied waxes on postharvest physiological behavior and pitting of grapefruit

Abstract The role of wax application on the development of a postharvest pitting of white grapefruit (Citrus paradisi `Macf.') was examined. Pitting developed on fruit coated with shellac-based waxes from three sources and, to a much lesser extent, on fruit coated with carnauba- or polyethylene-based wax. Non-waxed fruit did not pit. Pitting decreased with internal O2 level and increased with internal CO2 level. Pitting increased with decreasing internal O2 level and decreased with increasing CO2 level. Subjecting fruit to low O2 (4%) alone induced pitting, but high CO2 (8%) had no effect. These results suggest that stimulation of postharvest pitting of grapefruit is caused in part by the reduction of internal O2 levels.
Fish biomass size spectra in Chesapeake Bay

Biomass size spectra of pelagic fish were modeled to describe community structure, estimate potential fish production, and delineate trophic relationships in Chesapeake Bay. Spectra were constructed from midwater trawl collections each year in April, June–August, and October 1995–2000. The size spectra were bimodal: the first spectral dome corresponded to small zooplanktivorous fish, primarily bay anchovyAnchoa mitchilli; the second dome consisted of larger fish from several feeding guilds that are supported by multiple prey-predator linkages. Annual production estimates of pelagic fish, derived from a mean production to biomass ratio, varied nearly three-fold, ranging from 162 × 109 kcal (125 × 103 tons) in 1996 to 457 × 109 kcal (352 × 103 tons) in 2000. Seasonally, the biomass level and mean individual sizes of fish in the first dome increased from April to October, while the biomass level of the second dome was relatively stable. Regionally, biomass levels in the second dome were higher than biomasses in the first dome for the upper and lower Bay, but were minimal in the middle Bay where seasonal and episodic hypoxia occurs. To test a benthic-pelagic coupling hypothesis that could explain the higher biomass in the second domes for the lower and upper Bay, a cyclic size-spectrum model was fit that included only species in the zooplanktivorous-piscivorous fish guilds. The mean, normalized slope equaled −1, indicating that zooplanktivorous fish may support piscivore production, but that a benthic-pelagic linkage is required to fully support fish production in the second dome. Interannual variability in slopes and intercepts of modeled size spectra was related to salinity, recruitment level of bay anchovy, and the primary axis of a correspondence analysis (salinity effect) on fish community structure. The spectral slope and intercept of normalized spectra were lowest in 1996, a near-record wet year. Results suggest that fish size spectra can be developed as useful indicators of ecosystem state and response to perturbations, especially if prey-predator relationships are explicitly represented.
NALOXONE DIFFERENTIALLY ALTERS FEVERS INDUCED BY CYTOKINES

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), a cytokine acting as an endogenous pyrogen and a putative activator of the opioid system, binds to opiate receptors in vitro. The mu opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride (NLX), attenuates IFN-alpha-induced increases in the firing rate of cold-sensitive neurons within thermosensitive areas of the brain. The influence of NLX on fevers induced by central endogenous pyrogens was investigated in rats. Subcutaneous (SQ) injection of NLX (1 mg/kg) was made 30 min prior to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of IFN-alpha 2b (7900IU). Alternatively, NLX (10 or 80 micrograms) was microinjected ICV 30 min prior to administration of IFN-alpha 2b. Administered SQ, NLX attenuated the febrile response to IFN-alpha 2b. In contrast, central (ICV) NLX did not attenuate fevers induced by IFN-alpha 2b. Animals previously exposed to both IFN-alpha 2b and NLX (SQ or ICV) subsequently lost their sensitivity to this cytokine, and also showed diminished reactivity to human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta; 10 ng) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 250 ng). These results suggest that systemic and central elements of the opioid system may play differential roles in temperature regulation. Previous administration of NLX and IFN-alpha 2b may alter the sensitivity of the CNS to subsequent injections of different pyrogens.
SHARING A RESIDENCE WITH AN ADULT CHILD: A Cause of Psychological Distress in the Elderly?

The effects of residence-sharing on the psychological well-being of the elderly is examined among a stratified random sample of elderly persons in a major metropolitan area. Multivariate analysis produces findings that counter the generally held belief that elderly people who share a residence with an adult child are more likely than other elderly people to experience psychological distress.
Self-Assembled Monolayers with Charge-Transfer Functional Groups: Immobilization of the Electron Donor TMPD and the Electron Acceptor TCNQ

Spontaneously adsorbed molecular films containing derivatives of the electron donor tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) or the electron acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are formed by exposure of polycrystalline Au to 1 mM solutions of an alkanethiol TMPD reagent or an alkyl disulfide TCNQ species, respectively. Characterization of these redox-active films by cyclic voltammetry establishes the presence of (3.3 ± 0.3) × 10-10 mol/cm2 of redox-active TMPD groups in the case of TMPD films and (2.4 ± 0.5) × 10-10 mol/cm2 of redox-active TCNQ groups in the case of the TCNQ films. These films readily undergo charge-transfer reactions with complementary electron acceptors and donors as verified by reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectrometry. These films provide convenient approaches for exploiting well-known charge-transfer chemistry in interfacial adhesion measurements and for tailoring the electronic structure of metal−organic interfaces.
RESPONSE TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND POST-MORTEM CHANGES IN TURKEY PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE

SUMMARY– Muscle samples were obtained from 20 turkey hens 5 min postexsanguination for the determination of sarcomere length, response to electrical stimulation, and time-course of rigor mortis. Additional samples were obtained from the opposite (undisturbed) pectoralis major muscle at 1, 2, 6 and 24 hr post-mortem for the determination of sarcomere length. Birds were divided into three groups based on the time to complete rigor mortis: (1) slow, > 125 min; (2) fast, <50 min; and (3) intermediate, 50–125 min. Birds that displayed a long time course of rigor mortis had a low threshold of response (9v) and a long duration of response (106 seel to electrical stimulation. Conversely, muscles which become inextensible within 50 min displayed a high threshold (123v) and low duration (8 sec). Muscles with intermediate rates of rigor had intermediate threshold (58v) and duration (50 sec). Increase in sarcomere length occurred within 1 hr post-mortem in the fast-rigor group, 2 hr in the intermediate-rigor group and 6 hr in slow-rigor birds. A similar experiment conducted on 24 toms indicated that postexsanguination struggling resulted in a decreased time course of rigor, elevated threshold and shortened duration of response to electrical stimulation. Strugglers displayed a more rapid (P<.01) post-mortem increase in sarcomere length than non-strugglers. The results suggested that in some presently-used commercial turkey processes, some of the carcasses are frozen with muscles in a prerigor, short-sarcomere state.
Experiencing as systematic training: Teaching communication skills to black & white students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not systematic training in experiencing could improve communication between thirty-two high school age Black and White males and females. A secondary question was the examination of possible effects of sex or race on communication effectiveness. Three methods of evaluation were used to determine the effectiveness of the training; participant ratings of themselves, and each other, and the ratings of videotaped conversations in the pretest and posttest conditions by trained raters. The results indicated that communication effectiveness was improved between the participants. There was no significant interaction between the sex or race of the students and the main effect on any of the variables. The absence of sex or race differences is considered a major implication of the study.
13C1H Cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of macerals from coal

Abstract The carbon aromaticities (fa) of vitrinite, exinite, micrinite and fusinite from a high-volatile A bituminous coal have been determined by 13C1H cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Values of fa for the four macerals were found to decrease in the order: fusinite > micrinite ≈ vitrinite > exinite. Estimates of the average ring size using the fa value and the elemental composition of each macerai indicated that the fusinite contained the largest polynuclear condensed aromatic ring system (> 5 rings) whereas the mean structural unit of the vitrinite contains 3–4 condensed rings.
A Survey of Plasma Diagnostic Techniques

This brief review provides an indication of the types of diagnostics that are used to study high temperature plasma. No attempt has been made to provide an exhaustive survey or to describe the many subtle and sophisticated variations that are employed. The basic plasma parameters that one would like to measure have been indicated and it has been pointed out that the diagnostic techniques can be classified into four categories: passive electromagnetic, passive particle, active electromagnetic, and active particle. Our ability to create and control high temperature, high density plasmas, has increased tremendously over the past 25 years. This has been due, at least in part, to the development of increasingly sophisticated diagnostic techniques that have provided more detailed information on the plasma behavior. There is still a need for new or improved diagnostics, especially for diagnostics that will provide spatially resolved, time continuous measurements.
Remarks on the decay of homogeneous turbulence from a given state

A previous theory which did not require a usual closure assumption required three or more initial spectra. By allowing a simple physical assumption (a modification of Kovasznay's hypothesis), the required number of spectra is reduced to two. Agreement with experiment is good.
Complexity, problem-solving, sustainability and resilience

Societies often solve problems by developing more complex technologies and institutions. Sustainability emerges from success at solving problems. Complexity is a powerful problem-solving tool, but increased complexity requires resources and carries a metabolic cost. Resilience, a condition of vulnerability or the capacity to recover from a setback, helps achieve sustainability goals. Resilient societies must have reserve problem-solving capacity to adjust to major challenges. The abilities of ancient and modern societies to respond to crises at different states of complexity illustrate the relationship between problem-solving capacity and resilience. Increasing complexity, effective at first, seems inexorably to accumulate and to evolve to diminishing returns, undermining the ability to solve future problems. These processes are illustrated through historical case studies, including urban resilience.
La inasibilidad de lo Real: el ciervo huidizo de la identidad

This article is an answer to the question on the possibility of a political interpretation of recent Latin American dramatic products, emphasising on «poli- tical issues» through meaningful and logical ruptures that dislocate the stage from within. The Cuban theatre troupe El Ciervo Encantado (2005-2008), based on its programme, aims to fi nd in Visiones de la cubanosofia, «the elusive deer that is identity». On stage is displayed, through various theatrical techniques, the inca- pacity of language —its symbolic aspect— to capture it. The proposal stages what is denied: the impossibility to apprehend identity by only presenting the successive identifi cations that cannot reach it. The scene states that it has only been an illu- sion caused by the reflof the cultural discourses created through history.
Simulation of the injection process in resin transfer molding

A simulation based on Darcy's law for modeling mold filling in resin transfer molding has been developed. The simulation uses a new Flow Analysis Network (FAN) technique to predict and track the movement of the free-surface, and a finite element method to solve the governing equation set for each successive flow front location. A variety of element types have been incorporated into the simulation, enabling modeling of flow for a variety of conditions of industrial interest including runner distribution systems, “2.5-D” shell geometries, and fully 3-D flows. The FAN technique developed here has two main benefits: it enables conservation of mass, even for highly distorted element shapes, and also, allows elements of different dimension to be simultaneously used in a single simulation. At present, the simulation predicts flow front position as a function of time, and the pressure distribution during the filling process for a number of inlet gating conditions. A number of examples are presented and discussed to highlight the simulation's capabilities, including the filling of a complex automotive part.
Retail market structure change: implications for retailers and consumers

A major trend in US retailing is the increasingly diverse array of retail formats available to consumers. Owing to the emergence of new retail formats, competition between retailers of all types is heightening. Uses data from two consumer studies, to illustrate the pervasiveness and complexity of consumer cross‐shopping patterns across various retail channels. Addresses the implications of this retail trend in terms of channel competition and competitiveness in the US market.
Association Between Emphysema-like Lung on Cardiac Computed Tomography and Mortality in Persons Without Airflow Obstruction: A Cohort Study

Low lung function is known to predict mortality in the general population, but the prognostic significance of emphysema on computed tomography (CT) in persons without chronic obstructive pulmonary ...
A Taste of What to Expect: Top-Down Modulation of Neural Coding in Rodent Gustatory Cortex

A central aspect of sensory perception is the anticipation of forthcoming stimuli, allowing for a faster and more accurate assessment of the surrounding environment. A new study by Samuelsen et al. (2012) in this issue of Neuron highlights the neural mechanisms underlying the expectation of an imminent taste.
Algorithms for the numerical solution of a finite-part integral equation

Abstract The authors investigate a hypersingular integral equation which arises in the study of acoustic wave scattering by moving objects. A Galerkin method and two collocation methods are presented for solving the problem numerically. These numerical techniques are compared and contrasted in three test problems.
Organic Matter Oxidation Potential Determination in a Periodically Flooded Histosol under Sugarcane

Histosols of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) are subsiding primarily from aerobic microbial oxidation. An experiment was conducted in a Histosol to evaluate methods [ 14 C-benzeate oxidation (BO), soil respiration (CO 2 evolution; RESP), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)] of determining short-term organic matter (OM) oxidation potential under alternate flood and drain management. Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum species) was grown in field lysimeters containing Pahokee muck soil (euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist). Soils were flooded for 7 d followed by drainage to three depths (16, 33, and 50 cm) for 14 d. A continuously drained control treatment was also included. Thus, soils under four flood and drain cycles were sampled during the drain period. Increased water table levels after flooding reduced BO, tended to increase MBC, and had little effect on RESP. Consequently, BO was not correlated with either MBC or RESP, which suggests that microbes responsible for OM oxidation are a small portion of the total microbial population. Alternate flooding and draining increased BO compared with the drain control. Soil moisture (SM) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) were both negatively correlated with BO, but not with either MBC or RESP. Soil moisture and SOC may provide alternate indicators for OM oxidation potential. Since BO responded according to soil OM oxidation on the basis of field measurements previously reported, BO was the best of the three methods for predicting short-term effects of water table management on soil OM oxidation potential.
The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) Injector

The ATA injector, developed from experience gained from the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) linac, has recently been completed. The injector consists of ten 0.25 MV cells that are used to develop 2.5 MV across a single diode gap. The 10 kA beam is extracted from a 500 cm2 plasma cathode at average rates of up to 5 Hz and burst rates to 1 kHz. Pulsed power from 20 water filled blumleins is divided and introduced symmetrically through four ports on each cell. All major insulators are fabricated from filled epoxy castings. With these improvements, the ATA injector is smaller than the ETA injector; has a faster pulse response; has lower voltage stress on insulators and higher ultimate performance. Injector characterization tests began in October, 1982. These tests include beam current, energy, and emittance measurements.
Diagnosis and management of zone III carotid injuries

The management of patients with extracranial carotid injury at the base of the skull (zone III) is challenging due to inaccessibility, severity, and associated injuries. In an effort to formulate a systematic approach to the evaluation and management of zone III carotid injuries, the records of 13 consecutive patients with such injuries were reviewed: nine sustained penetrating injuries and four had blunt injuries. A total of 16 arteries were injured: internal carotid (11), external carotid (four), and vertebral (one). Neurological examinations revealed a central nervous system deficit in 1/9 with penetrating injuries and in 4/4 with blunt injuries. Angiography in patients with penetrating injuries revealed pseudoaneurysm (five), intimal flap (five), transection (two), and AV fistula (one). Angiograms of patients with blunt injuries demonstrated pseudoaneurysm (2), dissection (1), and intimal flap (1). Three patients underwent operative repair of internal carotid injuries and/or ligation of external carotid injuries. Four patients were managed with endovascular balloon occlusion. The remaining patients were observed with or without anticoagulation. Neurologically the patients remained normal or had improved on follow up with the exception of one patient with a persistent hemiparesis after a blunt injury who had been observed. The conclusions are: (1) angiography at presentation is indicated, in stable patients, to delineate the injury and guide definitive management; (2) blunt injuries should generally be managed with anticoagulation. In cases of large or expanding pseudoaneurysms or when anticoagulation fails, endovascular balloon occlusion is indicated; (3) partial thickness penetrating injuries can be observed, while full thickness lesions should be managed with balloon occlusion; (4) operative vascular reconstruction should be reserved for unstable patients, patients with active bleeding, and patients requiring surgical exploration for associated injuries.
FEYNCHOIS: A FEYNMAN DIAGRAM GENERATOR

A Feynman diagram generator, named FeynChois, is described. It provides the user with a full GUI (Graphical User Interface) environment which enables the generation diagrams automatically with several mouse operations. The diagram generator is built on an Application Programming Interface (API) called ViewableBeans which provides a framework for programming graphically representable objects. We also present a means for describing Feynman rules in a computer friendly manner using the XML (Extensible Markup Language) format.
Hyper-CVADinib for Ph+ ALL

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS A little more than 3 years ago, a new drug, then called STI571, burst on to the medical scene, almost overnight establishing a new paradigm for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. This agent, subsequently named imatinib, proved
Workshop 4: Compartmentation of Neuronal Metabolism

There is strong evidence that the brain can use multiple substrates for energy including glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, glutamate and glutamine. Competition studies show that certain substrates are preferentially used for energy by synaptic terminals even when other substrates are available. It has recently been shown that synaptosomes can use both glutamine and glutamate for energy and synthesis of amino acids; however, these substrates yield very different patterns of 13C-labelling of end products. These findings provide evidence of differential compartmentalisation of the metabolism of glutamate taken up from the extracellular milieu as compared to the glutamate produced from glutamine within synaptic terminals. This compartmentalisation is related to the specific role(s) of glutamate vs. glutamine in synaptic terminals as well as the metabolism of these amino acids in either partial or complete TCA cycles for energy. The presence of glucose, which provides a source of acetyl-CoA, can greatly modulate both the metabolic fate of other substrates and the pool size of amino acids such as glutamate and GABA. The differential localization of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase contribute to this compartmentalisation as does the necessity that synaptic terminals balance their energy needs with the requirement to synthesize neurotransmitters.
The Use of Dead Celebrities in Advertising and Marketing: Balancing Interests in the Right of Publicity

Celebrities have long been used in advertising and merchandising, but state law has evolved in recent decades to protect them from unauthorized uses, including, in some cases, unauthorized uses after their death. This paper examines the developing practice of using deceased celebrities in advertising and merchandising, including celebrities that have been "reanimated" using modern technology. It suggests that the law currently favors celebrity heirs over consumers and fans. It offers a proposal to balance the interests of heirs with those of consumers/fans by allowing postmortem protection of trademarks, copyrights, and authorized uses, but also allowing unauthorized uses unless they are likely to deceive consumers regarding authorization.
Meta-level features in an industrial-strength theorem prover

The ACL2 theorem prover---the current incarnation of "the" Boyer-Moore theorem prover---is a theorem prover for an extension of a first-order, applicative subset of Common Lisp. The ACL2 system provides a useful specification and modeling language as well as a useful mechanical theorem proving environment. ACL2 is in use at several major microprocessor manufacturers to verify functional correctness of important components of commercial designs. This talk explores the design of ACL2 and the tradeoffs that have turned out to be pivotal to its success.
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY CORTISOL EXCRETION.

The mechanisms leading to the renal excretion of cortisol have been studied over a wide range of plasma cortisol concentrations. In 3 normal adult males with endogenous plasma cortisol suppressed by dexamethasone, cortisol was infused intravenously in successively increasing amounts and simultaneous renal clearances of cortisol and inulin were determined after brief equilibration at each new concentration of plasma cortisol. In other subjects, clearances of endogenous cortisol and creatinine were measured. Urinary cortisol was quantitated by a glass fiber chroma tographic method, plasma cortisol was estimated as Porter-Silber chromogen, and the percentage of protein binding of cortisol in plasma was determined at 37 C using an ultracentrifugation technique. As plasma cortisol was increased stepwise by infusion, there was a progressive decrease in protein binding, an increase in the filtration of unbound cortisol, and linear increases in both the excretion and reabsorption of cortisol. While the mechanism ...
Promiscuous modulation of ion channels by anti-psychotic and anti-dementia medications

There is growing interest in the concept of network pharmacology, as opposed to specific pharmacological targets, as an important drug discovery paradigm. Also known as the "magic shotgun" paradigm, this strategy involves individual drugs interacting with multiple targets to achieve clinical benefit. Pharmacological promiscuity consistent with this paradigm has been suggested in vitro for antidepressants and anticonvulsants, which interact with many classes of ion channels (among other receptor targets). Although the link between certain "off-target" interactions and drug side effects is well-accepted, the potential linkage between promiscuity and clinical efficacy remains poorly understood. Here we summarize interactions of clinically useful anti-psychotic and anti-dementia medications with a diverse array of ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels. We hypothesize that promiscuous ion channel modulation may contribute to the efficacy of drugs used to treat psychosis and dementia.
Experiences Using Automated 4ests and 4est Driven Development in Computer 9cience I

We are interested in how to expose our students to test driven development (TDD) and have experimented with a variety of ways of leveraging testing technology to help our students learn to program in our first programming course. Initially, we developed a framework that allows the students to run tests that are developed by the faculty member. That experience led us to developing a JUnit plug-in that allowed the students to specify the tests without having to write the test code. As a result of these experiences, we have re-structured this class into these roughly sequential phases: learning to read code, learning to write code, and learning to program. Throughout this course, the students are using TDD, writing their own JUnit tests, and refactoring as they develop their code iteratively. This change has been made without dropping any of the required course content.
Role of the opercularis muscle in seismic sensitivity in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

The inner ear of anuran amphibians appears to be exceptionally sensitive to substrate vibration. The opercularis system, consisting of an opercularis muscle running from the shoulder girdle to a movable, cartilaginous operculum lying next to the inner ear, has been hypothesized to be involved in driving these seismic responses. Removal of the opercularis muscle of adult bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, caused clear decreases in microphonic responses of the inner ear to vibrations from 20-250 Hz and 0.05-5.0 cm/sec2 accelerations. Degree of decrease in responsiveness was variable between individuals and between different frequencies of stimulation, ranging up to 90% reduction at certain frequencies and in certain specimens. Decreases were most marked at lower frequencies below about 50 Hz. Additional removal of the levator scapulae superior muscle, which runs alongside the opercularis muscle from the shoulder girdle to ventrolateral portions of the otic capsule, also tended to depress responses, although this effect was substantially less (generally less than 10%) and also less consistent. As the opercularis muscle appears to be derived from the levator scapulae musculature, it is speculated that primitively seismic sensitivity was enhanced by a muscular connection that could transmit motion from the forelimb to the otic region, responsiveness being further enhanced by the subsequent evolution of the specialized opercularis system.
Developmental Changes in Diffusion Anisotropy Coincide with Immature Oligodendrocyte Progression and Maturation of Compound Action Potential

Disruption of oligodendrocyte lineage progression is implicated in the white-matter injury that occurs in cerebral palsy. We have previously published a model in rabbits consistent with cerebral palsy. Little is known of normal white-matter development in perinatal rabbits. Using a multidimensional approach, we defined the relationship of oligodendrocyte lineage progression and functional maturation of axons to structural development of selected cerebral white-matter tracts as determined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Immunohistochemical studies showed that late oligodendrocyte progenitors appear at gestational age 22 [embryonic day 22 (E22)], whereas immature oligodendrocytes appear at E25, and both increase rapidly with time (approximately 13 cells/mm2/d) until the onset of myelination. Myelination began at postnatal day 5 (P5) (E36) in the internal capsule (IC) and at P11 in the medial corpus callosum (CC), as determined by localization of sodium channels and myelin basic protein. DTI of the CC and IC showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) increased rapidly between E25 and P1 (E32) (11% per day) and plateaued (<5% per day) after the onset of myelination. Postnatal maturation of the compound action potential (CAP) showed a developmental pattern similar to FA, with a rapid rise between E29 and P5 (in the CC, 18% per day) and a slower rise from P5 to P11 (in the CC, <5% per day). The development of immature oligodendrocytes after E29 coincides with changes in FA and CAP area in both the CC and IC. These findings suggest that developmental expansion of immature oligodendrocytes during the premyelination period may be important in defining structural and functional maturation of the white matter.
Measurement of steroid hormones using intracellular receptor proteins

Abstract The high affinity saturable estrogen receptor of the uterus has been successfully employed by a number of groups to assay individual estrogens in blood. Such measurements have elucidated alterations occurring during the normal menstrual cycle, during normal and abnormal pregnancy, during the estrus cycle of a variety of mammals, in a few abnormal menstrual cycles, and in normal men. A few studies possible associated with estrogen excess in men were also reported.
Printed Wiring Board Technology

The sections in this article are 1 PWB Technology 2 Printed Wiring Board System Types 3 Graphically Produced Boards 4 Materials for Printed Wiring Boards
Where Is the Center of Mass of Florida

An attention-grabbing center-of-mass demonstration uses the map of a state mounted on a sheet of heavy cardboard and cut out along the boundaries.1 The two-dimensional object is hung from a hole punched into a city near the edge, and a string with a pendulum bob attached to it passes through the center of mass. The process is repeated with a different city, and the center of mass is determined uniquely. I did this regularly with a map of the state of Ohio, and the geographic center of the state reliably came out to be the nearby village of Centerburg.
Psychiatric Resident Conceptualizations of Mood and Affect Within the Mental Status Examination

OBJECTIVE: To explore the ways in which psychiatry residents conceptualize the terms “mood” and “affect,” a 14-item questionnaire was sent to residency programs in New York. METHOD: The questions consisted of possible definitions of mood and affect; all questions required a “true” or “false” response. Residents (N=99) were asked how they viewed mood and affect from a temporal perspective (i.e., sustained versus momentary) and in terms of an objective-subjective (or external-internal) dichotomy. RESULTS: There were inconsistencies in the temporal view of mood (said to be sustained by 60.6% and momentary by 50.5%) and affect (“pervasive” by 26.3% and “momentary” by 66.3%). Residents overwhelmingly defined mood as being subjective and internal and affect as being objective and external. CONCLUSIONS: If mood and affect are to be viewed from both perspectives, psychiatrists must infer the enduring internal emotional tone (mood) of a patient over an entire interview.
The Goldstone 70-meter antenna performance at 32 GHz

The authors describe the measurements performed at 32 GHz between March and July 1989 on the recently upgraded (64-m) 70-m antenna at Goldstone (DSS-14). These measurements were done on seven separate days using radiometric observations of six astronomical radio sources: 3C274 (Virgo A), 3C273, 3C84, 3C286, P2134+004, and Venus. The aperture efficiency at the reflector set angle of 45 degrees is found to be 0.35+or-0.05 (2 sigma ). The predicted value of efficiency is 0.32 indicating that the original estimates for the radio source flux densities of Virgo A and Venus are fairly accurate. This equates to a gain of 82.85 dBi. >
Partition 1ƒ noise in pentodes and its quantum interpretation

Errors will occur in the determination of partition 1ƒ noise in pentodes, when the cathode 1ƒ noise is distributed between screen grid and anode in a manner different from the distribution of the ac signals. Tests show that such errors do exist, but usually they are not very large. A more accurate discussion of the Van der Ziel-Handel quantum 1ƒ noise model yields a correction to the formula for the partition noise spectrum Sp(ƒ) by a factor of about 0.85. Additional partition 1ƒ noise experiments are reported that fit reasonably well with the quantum 1ƒ noise theory. The partition 1ƒ noise of 6EC6 tubes seems to be a factor 5 larger than the quantum 1ƒ noise theory allows; it is most likely of non-quantum origin.
TRAMS: A new dynamic cloud model for Titan's methane clouds

[1] Convective clouds on Titan may play an important role in climate dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, and the overall volatile cycle. To study the formation and evolution of these clouds, we have developed the Titan Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (TRAMS). TRAMS is a three-dimensional, time-dependent, coupled fully compressible dynamic and microphysical model capable of simulating methane and ethane clouds in Titan's atmosphere. In initial model tests over a two-dimensional domain, a warm bubble or random temperature perturbations trigger a parcel of air to rise. For an initial methane profile with a 60% surface humidity, convection occurs for positive temperature perturbations of 1 K or greater. Cloud tops are between 25 and 35 km, consistent with observations of the south polar clouds. For a drier methane environment in the lower atmosphere, characteristic of the Huygens landing site, convection does not occur, but a layer of stratiform clouds is able to form at altitudes around 10 km.
Quartz Crystal Controlled Oscillator Circuits

A brief account is given of the developments conducted previous to 1930 which resulted in improved frequency stability for quartz crystal controlled oscillators. An improved oscillator circuit is shown with the author's theory of operation and both laboratory and operating data on its performance. Commercial equipment using this circuit has demonstrated consistent stability of better than 10 parts in 106.
Transvenous, Antegrade Melody Valve-in-Valve Implantation for Bioprosthetic Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Dysfunction: A Case Series in Children and Adults

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report the results of percutaneous valve-in-valve therapy using the Melody valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) for patients with degenerated mitral and tricuspid bioprosthetic valves. Background Open surgery for replacement of degenerated bioprosthetic valves is associated with morbidity and mortality. Methods Nineteen patients (median age 65 years, range 10 to 88 years; 7 males) with degenerated mitral (n = 9) or tricuspid (n = 10) bioprosthetic valves underwent transvenous valve-in-valve implantation of the Melody valve. Results In the mitral patients, the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality score was 13.3 ± 5.6%. All patients had a prosthetic valve mean diastolic inflow gradient ≥5 mm Hg. Moderate or worse regurgitation was present in 7 of 9 mitral and 7 of 10 tricuspid patients. Implantation of a Melody valve was successful in all. Among the mitral patients, mean diastolic gradient decreased from 12.3 ± 4.6 mm Hg to 5.2 ± 2 mm Hg (p Conclusions Percutaneous valve-in-valve implantation of the Melody valve in the mitral or tricuspid position for treatment of bioprosthetic valve dysfunction is feasible and can lead to significant symptomatic improvement in carefully selected high-risk patients.
Gastrointestinal Maturation is Accelerated in Turkey Poults Supplemented with a Mannan-Oligosaccharide Yeast Extract (Alphamune)

Alphamune, a yeast extract antibiotic alternative, has been shown to stimulate the immune system, increase BW in pigs, and reduce Salmonella colonization in chickens. The influence of Alphamune on gastrointestinal tract development has not been reported. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of Alphamune on gut maturation of 7- and 21-d-old turkey poults. Poults were fed a standard control unmedicated turkey starter diet or the same diet supplemented with either 1 or 2 lb/ton of Alphamune (n = 18/group). Poults were weighed on d 7 and 21, euthanized, and a 2-cm section was collected from the midpoint of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of each bird (9 poults/d per treatment) and fixed in a 10% formalin solution for 72 h and then stained. Twenty measurements of villus height, villus surface area, lamina propria thickness, crypt depth, and density of neutral, sialomucin, and sulfomucin goblet cells were taken per section per poult. On d 7, BW were higher for the poults given the Alphamune treatments compared with control poults; however, no differences were observed on d 21. Alphamune supplementation influenced intestinal morphology differently based on gut location. Ileum villus height, surface area, lamina propria thickness, crypt depth, and neutral, sialomucin, and sulfomucin goblet cell density were enhanced with Alphamune treatments on d 7 and 21 (P < 0.05) and in a dose-dependent manner for many of the parameters evaluated. Jejunum results were mixed. Surface area, crypt depth, and sialomucin and sulfomucin goblet cells were consistently higher for the 2 lb/ton of Alphamune groups compared with the control group on d 7 and 21. Duodenum villus height, surface area, and goblet cell density were higher for the 2 lb/ton of Alphamune groups on d 7; however, intestinal morphology of the duodenum was not different between the control and treated birds on d 21. These results suggest that feed supplemented with Alphamune can accelerate gastrointestinal maturation in turkey poults and is more pronounced in the ileum than in other portions of the small intestine.