cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Finite Deformation Theory of Viscoplasticity Based on Overstress: Part I—Constitutive Equations

Additive decomposition of the rate of deformation into the elastic and the inelastic parts is assumed. For the elastic part, the hypoelastic relation is used. For the inelastic part, the flow law of VBO is augmented by a term quadratic in the overstress together with a modified Jaumann stress rate which jointly or separately allow the modeling of second-order effects
Failure of synthetic TRF to elicit metamorphosis in frog tadpoles or red-spotted newts.

Abstract Synthetic TRF was administered intraperitoneally to bullfrog tadpoles (40 μg per day per animal of 16- to 18 g body weight) and red efts (20 μg per day per animal of 1.0- to 1.2g body weight). No indication of metamorphosis-stimulating effect was elicited in either of these amphibian species.
Wall-to-fluid coefficients for fixed bed heat and mass transfer

Etude experimentale des coefficients de transfert de chaleur et de masse dans des lits fixes de boulettes et de cyclindres creux de differents materiaux. Etablissement de correlations pour les nombres de Sherwood et de Nusselt
Modelling the interplay between hypoxia and proliferation in radiotherapy tumour response.

A tumour control probability computational model for fractionated radiotherapy was developed, with the goal of incorporating the fundamental interplay between hypoxia and proliferation, including reoxygenation over a course of radiotherapy. The fundamental idea is that the local delivery of oxygen and glucose limits the amount of proliferation and metabolically-supported cell survival a tumour sub-volume can support. The model has three compartments: a proliferating compartment of cells receiving oxygen and glucose; an intermediate, metabolically-active compartment receiving glucose; and a highly hypoxic compartment of starving cells. Following the post-mitotic cell death of proliferating cells, intermediate cells move into the proliferative compartment and hypoxic cells move into the intermediate compartment. A key advantage of the proposed model is that the initial compartmental cell distribution is uniquely determined from the assumed local growth fraction (GF) and volume doubling time (TD) values. Varying initial cell state distributions, based on the local (voxel) GF and TD, were simulated. Tumour response was simulated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using relevant parameter values based on published sources. The tumour dose required to achieve a 50% local control rate (TCD50) was found for various GFs and TD’s, and the effect of fraction size on TCD50 was also evaluated. Due to the advantage of reoxygenation over a course of radiotherapy, conventional fraction sizes (2–2.4 Gy fx−1) were predicted to result in smaller TCD50's than larger fraction sizes (4–5 Gy fx–1) for a 10 cc tumour with GFs of around 0.15. The time to eliminate hypoxic cells (the reoxygenation time) was estimated for a given GF and decreased as GF increased. The extra dose required to overcome accelerated stem cell accumulation in longer treatment schedules was estimated to be 0.68 Gy/day (in EQD26.6), similar to published values derived from clinical data. The model predicts, for a 2 Gy/weekday fractionation, that increased initial proliferation (high GF) should, surprisingly, lead to moderately higher local control values. Tumour hypoxia is predicted to increase the required dose for local control by approximately 30%. Predicted tumour regression patterns are consistent with clinical observations. This simple yet flexible model shows how the local competition for chemical resources might impact local control rates under varying fractionation conditions.
The Management of Surgical Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a leading public health problem in both developed and developing nations. However, awareness regarding diagnostic options, management, and consequences of untreated OSA remains inadequate in the perioperative period. Adverse surgical outcomes appear to be more frequent in OSA patients. Immediate postoperative complications may be partially attributed to the negative effects of sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic agents that can worsen OSA by decreasing pharyngeal tone and the arousal responses to hypoxia, hypercarbia, and obstruction. Rebound rapid eye movement sleep after anesthesia and the use of opioids may contribute to adverse events in the postoperative period. Even though data to guide clinicians in the perioperative period is scarce, heightened awareness is recommended.
Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary (Second Edition)

Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary is the second edition of Quaternary Paleoclimatology, long considered an excellent text for students in the emerging field of paleoclimate reconstruction. The new edition is a well-written update that expands on the earlier compilation, and like its predecessor, is one of the most comprehensive overview and reference books in its field. Using just enough detailed discussion, Bradley describes a wide variety of climate records and includes the latest techniques used to reconstruct Quaternary climate. The comprehensive nature of this book can be discerned by browsing through the bibliography that covers 82 pages and contains over 1700 references.
Mechanisms of the temperature effect on airway smooth muscle

Abstract We studied the effect of sudden cooling and warming on the contractile response of tracheal segments (TS) isolated from guinea pigs. After a standardized incubation period in normal physiological salt solution (PSS) (t° = 37 ± 0.5°C, pH = 7.34 ± 0.02, PCO2 = 24 ± 2 Torr, PO2 = 430 ± 5 Torr) TS were quickly (20 sec) exposed to cool (24°, 26°, or 29°C) PSS and changes in isometric force were measured using a Grass 0.03 tranducer. Following the cooling period, maintained for 10–15 min, tissues were exposed to 34 ± 0.5°C warm PSS and contractile response was measured again. It was found that: (1) quick cooling (24, 26 and 29°C) induced a contraction of TS followed by a slow relaxation. The magnitude of the contraction was a function of temperature; the highest contraction was obaserved at 24°C; (2) cooling, lower than 22°C induced only a relaxation of TS; (3) quick warming of TS induced a biphasic response, i.e., a small relaxation followed by a slow, large contraction; (4) contraction as induced by cooling and relaxation as induced by warming were dependent on the initial length of the TS; (5) Cooling-induced contraction and warming-induced relaxation were inhibited withh ouabain (10−5 M); (6) Warming-induced contraction was attenuated with aspirin (50 μg/ml); but aspirin potentiated (P It is concluded that both cooling and warming have a direct effect on airway smooth muscle cell membrane influencing the electrogenic Na+-pump and prostaglandin and leucotrienes synthesis. Both cooling and warming of TS stimulated synthesis of inhbitory prostaglandins while warming stimulated synthesis of leucotrienes of guinea pig tracheal segments.
MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETES

A methodology for relating the microstructure of asphalt concretes to their viscoelastic behavior is described. Imaging techniques are used to capture the asphalt concrete microstructure, and the finite element method (FEM) is used to model its stress-strain behavior in the time domain. Aggregates are modeled as linear elastic, and the binder is modeled through mechanistic models as either linear viscoelastic or nonlinear viscoelastic. The binder viscoelastic properties are input into the FEM algorithm by two methods: a built-in viscoelastic function and a user-specified material characterization subroutine. The latter handles non-linearity in an iterative piecewise linear fashion, whereby the mechanistic binder model parameters are updated as a function of the strain level. For each strain level, mechanistic models are fitted to describe binder viscoelastic behavior based on dynamic shear rheometer data. The two approaches used for specifying binder viscoelastic properties into the FEM algorithm were ver...
A dynamic electrothermal analysis technique based on dielectric measurements

Abstract A dynamic electrothermal analysis technique is described, which utilizes dielec- tric measurements for materials characterization. With milligram amounts of sample, both capacitance and dissipation factor are measured continuously and automatically as a function of temperature in a range from —190 to 500°C. Thus, dielectric properties are used for analysis in a way similar to differential thermal analysis. Some applications of this technique are illustrated.
Combing damage to hair cuticle structure

Optical probing of hair fibres is an elegant, non-invasive method to monitor the fibre surface and its changes with various grooming protocols. In this paper, a goniophotometer with a He-Ne light source was used to study reflection profiles from single hair fibres in both the root-to-tip and tip-to-root orientations of the fibre. The calculated scale angle (the inclination of the cuticle to the fibre axis) was used as a monitor to study combing damage in hair to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. It was shown that progressive dry combing of hair leads to cuticle thinning or abrasive damage, and wet combing results in cuticle breaking or ablative damage. Further, the use of a conditioner active like a polyquaternium-10 largely mitigates both types of damage. These findings were supported by the results of a parallel scanning electron microscopic study.
ASTRO's core physics curriculum for radiation oncology residents

In 2002, the Radiation Physics Committee of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) appointed an Ad-hoc Committee on Physics Teaching to Medical Residents. The main initiative of the committee was to develop a core curriculum for physics education. Prior publications that have analyzed physics teaching have pointed to wide discrepancies among teaching programs. The committee was composed of physicists or physicians from various residency program based institutions. Simultaneously, members had associations with the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), ASTRO, Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology (ARRO), American Board of Radiology (ABR), and the American College of Radiology (ACR). The latter two organizations' representatives were on the physics examination committees, as one of the main agendas was to provide a feedback loop between the examining organizations and ASTRO. The document resulted in a recommended 54-h course. Some of the subjects were based on American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements (particles, hyperthermia), whereas the majority of the subjects along with the appropriated hours per subject were devised and agreed upon by the committee. For each subject there are learning objectives and for each hour there is a detailed outline of material to be covered. Some of the required subjects/h are being taught in most institutions (i.e., Radiation Measurement and Calibration for 4 h), whereas some may be new subjects (4 h of Imaging for Radiation Oncology). The curriculum was completed and approved by the ASTRO Board in late 2003 and is slated for dissemination to the community in 2004. It is our hope that teaching physicists will adopt the recommended curriculum for their classes, and simultaneously that the ABR for its written physics examination and the ACR for its training examination will use the recommended curriculum as the basis for subject matter and depth of understanding. To ensure that the subject matter and emphasis remain current and relevant, the curriculum will be updated every 2 years.
Tristable circuit with 4 ns switching time

The circuit, using transistors and tunnel diodes, is intended as an output latch for fast computer stores. The triggering pulse switches it from its initial state to one of its other two states, depending on the polarity of the pulse, and it is then insensitive to further pulses until reset.
Willingness of Subjects With Thought Disorder to Participate in Research

Greater attention is being focused on the willingness and motivations of potential subjects who are recruited for research protocols. Given the importance of subjects' abilities to choose freely and reason through their decisions about entering psychiatric research, empirical researchers have been developing assessment and education tools that address the potential vulnerabilities of research subjects. In this study subjects' responses and reasons for or against participation were elicited as part of an assessment of their research decision making. Fifty-two persons diagnosed with a thought disorder were asked to consider a hypothetical research study using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR). Their responses were documented, coded for content, and correlated with demographic characteristics and scores on scales rating psychosis, cognition, and health-related quality of life. Subjects expressed common considerations that have been identified by other psychiatric investigators, as well as by those studying nonpsychiatric protocols. In general, reasons were both appropriate to the study being considered and appropriately linked to common considerations that flowed logically from the study. However, elements of the therapeutic misconception were evident as well. Willingness to participate was correlated with higher MacCAT-CR scores on certain scales, better education, and lower levels of psychosis and cognitive impairment. These findings highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of the decision making of research subjects with thought disorder. Research protections and assessments may consequently be appropriately targeted to specific vulnerabilities. Because of differences in severity of illness, cognition, and reasoning among subjects who decline to participate in research, greater attention to this population appears warranted.
Tobacco Marketing in Venezuela, 1798–1799: An Aspect of Spanish Mercantilistic Revisionism

As Spanish mercantilism sagged in the late eighteenth century, a host of “foreign” traders probed her colonies. This account of one North American group is illustrative of the process of change.
Itch Signaling in the Nervous System

This review examines some of the molecular mechanisms underlying itch sensation with an emphasis on recent studies in rodents.
The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle, T.M.L. Wigley and D.S. Schimel (Editors), 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 292 p. (Hardcover $64.95) ISBN: 0-521-58337-3. Carbon dioxide is one of the most potent greenhouse gases that have been released in increasing amounts by human activity since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century. An exponential rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the same period has been attributed to industrial activity. A number of international scientific programs have been developed in order to address two crucial topics regarding the possible influence of this rise on global climate. These topics include (1) the extent to which anthropogenic perturbations influence biogeochemical cycles and (2) the sensitivity of Earth's climate to variations in atmospheric CO2. Elucidation of these issues requires understanding of the mechanisms that control interaction among carbon reservoirs, regulate atmospheric CO2, and dictate the influence of the carbon cycle on other biogeochemical cycles (Falkowski et al., 2000). Annual meetings of the Global Change Institute (GCI) provide an opportunity for interdisciplinary communication among scientists to address these topics. The present volume is a compilation of papers contributed by the participants of the sixth annual Global Change Institute (GCI), which was held in 1993 in Snowmass, Colorado. The book is divided into three main sections that cover the missing carbon sink, past records of CO2 levels, and modeling strategies. The volume is introduced by two excerpts from the 1994 and 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, which cover a brief description of the carbon cycle, past records of atmospheric CO2, the anthropogenic carbon budget, the influence of climate and other feedbacks on the carbon cycle, as well as modeling of future concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The first part of the book deals …
HCN channels: function and clinical implications

The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels belong to the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the HCN channel family comprises 4 members (HCN1-4) that are expressed in heart and nervous system. HCN channels are activated by membrane hyperpolarization, are permeable to Na+ and K+, and are constitutively open at voltages near the resting membrane potential. In many cases, activation is facilitated by direct interaction with cyclic nucleotides, particularly cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The cation current through HCN channels is known as I(h); opening of HCN channels elicits membrane depolarization toward threshold for action potential generation, and reduces membrane resistance and thus the magnitude of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. HCN channels have a major role in controlling neuronal excitability, dendritic integration of synaptic potentials, synaptic transmission, and rhythmic oscillatory activity in individual neurons and neuronal networks. These channels participate in mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and memory, thalamocortical rhythms, and somatic sensation. Experimental evidence indicates that HCN channels may also contribute to mechanisms of epilepsy and pain. The physiologic functions of HCN channels and their implications for neurologic disorders have been recently reviewed.(1-10).
On the complex conductivity signatures of calcite precipitation

[1] Calcite is a mineral phase that frequently precipitates during subsurface remediation or geotechnical engineering processes. This precipitation can lead to changes in the overall behavior of the system, such as flow alternation and soil strengthening. Because induced calcite precipitation is typically quite variable in space and time, monitoring its distribution in the subsurface is a challenge. In this research, we conducted a laboratory column experiment to investigate the potential of complex conductivity as a mean to remotely monitor calcite precipitation. Calcite precipitation was induced in a glass bead (3 mm) packed column through abiotic mixing of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 solutions. The experiment continued for 12 days with a constant precipitation rate of ∼0.6 milimole/d. Visual observations and scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed two distinct phases of precipitation: an earlier phase dominated by well distributed, discrete precipitates and a later phase characterized by localized precipitate aggregation and associated pore clogging. Complex conductivity measurements exhibited polarization signals that were characteristic of both phases of calcite precipitation, with the precipitation volume and crystal size controlling the overall polarization magnitude and relaxation time constant. We attribute the observed responses to polarization at the electrical double layer surrounding calcite crystals. Our experiment illustrates the potential of electrical methods for characterizing the distribution and aggregation state of nonconductive minerals like calcite. Advancing our ability to quantify geochemical transformations using such noninvasive methods is expected to facilitate our understanding of complex processes associated with natural subsurface systems as well as processes induced through engineered treatments (such as environmental remediation and carbon sequestration).
On the Front Lines: Stakeholder Threat Cues Determine How Identified Employees Cope with Scandal.

When organizational identity is threatened as a result of scandal, highly identified members who represent the threatened organization to stakeholders have a particularly challenging and overlooked experience. Addressing a theoretical paradox, we propose that organizational identification interacts with the threat cues from stakeholders to determine employee responses. We conducted a multimethod, in vivo test of these ideas with university fundraising employees after events threatened the university’s moral identity. Interview and archival data demonstrated that stakeholders expressed identity threat to fundraisers, who experienced their own identity-related distress and engaged in both group-dissociative and group-affirming responses. Surveys of professional and student university fundraisers demonstrated that more identified employees were more distressed (e,g., felt anxious, grief, betrayed) regardless of stakeholder threat cues. Yet, when employees perceived weak threat cues from stakeholders, more identified members were less likely to dissociate from the group and more likely to affirm the group’s positive identity with stakeholders. These benefits of identification were not present when the stakeholder threat cues were strong. We discuss future research and practical implications of front-line employee identification and stakeholder cues during scandal.
Shock Wave Simulation of Ferrite-Filled Coaxial Nonlinear Transmission Lines

Ferrite-filled coaxial shock lines have recently been used to significantly decrease the rise time of a high voltage pulse. This decrease can be enhanced by initially axially biasing the ferrite material with an applied external magnetic field, allowing for a faster transition from the unsaturated to the saturated state. The simulation of the ferrite material's operation, including saturation, is discussed as well as the simulation of coaxial nonlinear transmission lines. The project explores the rise time changes with variations of magnetic bias, ferrite geometry, input signal characteristics, and transmission line characteristics. Simulated waveforms are discussed for a nickel-zinc ferrite-filled coaxial line. The pulse steepening effect observed in electromagnetic shock lines occurs primarily because of an increase in phase velocity for points higher on the waveform due to the saturation of the ferrite material. An incident pulse of high enough amplitude will drive the ferrite material into saturation, decreasing the relative permeability to one. This saturation front propagates through the ferrite material in the direction of the incident wave until the entire material is saturated, producing a sub-nanosecond rise time pulse. The shock line is designed for a saturated impedance of 50 Ohms to couple easily into existing systems. Pulsed operation of up to low kilohertz repetition is desired and being explored. Applications of electromagnetic shock lines include laser triggering and ultra-wideband radar generation, as well as others.
Developing preservice elementary teachers' knowledge and practices through modeling-centered scientific inquiry

Preservice elementary teachers face many challenges in learning how to teach science effectively, such as engaging students in science, organizing instruction, and developing a productive learning community. This paper reports on several iterative cycles of design-based research aimed at fostering preservice teachers' principled reasoning around these problems of practice through modeling-centered scientific inquiry. The first design cycle introduced preservice teachers to modeling and simulation software tools in an effort to advance their understanding of science and technology; the second used an instructional framework embodying modeling-centered inquiry to advance their views of effective science teaching and their lesson-planning practices; the third engaged preservice teachers in analyzing and modifying curriculum materials using reform-based criteria to foster effective curriculum materials use. Outcomes from these iterations indicate that the preservice teachers were most likely to advance their knowledge and practices within a coherent approach that focused on a core scientific practice such as modeling-centered inquiry, provided opportunities to unpack and apply robust tools such as reform-based instructional frameworks, and addressed their perceived problems of practice. The findings from this set of approaches are compared to others in an effort to point toward promising future directions for effective science teacher education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed93:720–744, 2009
Control and maintenance of mammalian cell size

Conlon and Raff propose that mammalian cells grow linearly during the division cycle. According to Conlon and Raff, cells growing linearly do not need a size checkpoint to maintain a constant distribution of cell sizes. If there is no cell-size-control system, then exponential growth is not allowed, as exponential growth, according to Conlon and Raff, would require a cell-size-control system. A reexamination of the model and experiments of Conlon and Raff indicates that exponential growth is fully compatible with cell size maintenance, and that mammalian cells have a system to regulate and maintain cell size that is related to the process of S-phase initiation. Mammalian cell size control and its relationship to growth rate–faster growing cells are larger than slower growing cells–is explained by the initiation of S phase occurring at a relatively constant cell size coupled with relatively invariant S- and G2-phase times as interdivision time varies. This view of the mammalian cell cycle, the continuum model, explains the mass growth pattern during the division cycle, size maintenance, size determination, and the kinetics of cell-size change following a shift-up from slow to rapid growth.
Zika virus focuses the gain-of-function debate

This year, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) will be making recommendations to the U.S. Government regarding the ongoing saga of gain-of-function (GOF) experiments with highly infectious respiratory pathogens, such as influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. The views expressed in this Editorial do not necessarily reflect the views of this journal or of ASM.
Solving Van Der Waals Equation By Visual Foxpro Programming

This article describes how to use visual foxpro programming to solve van der waals equation so as to get the actual gas volume.
The gold standard for noninvasive imaging in coronary heart disease: magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview of investigational work which has demonstrated the ability of MRI to define abnormalities caused by coronary heart disease. There have been numerous recent advances in the MRI assessment of coronary heart disease which warrant re
Paradigm Shifts in Mast Cell and Basophil Biology and Function: An Emerging View of Immune Regulation in Health and Disease

The physiological role of the mast cell and basophil has for many years remained enigmatic. In this chapter we briefly summarize some of the more recent studies that shed new light on the role of mast cells and basophils in health and disease. What we gain from these studies is a new appreciation for mast cells and basophils as sentinels in host defense and a further understanding that dysregulation of mast cell and basophil function can be a component of various diseases other than allergies. Perhaps, the most important insight reaped from this work is the increasing awareness that mast cells and basophils can function as immunoregulatory cells that modulate the immune response in health and disease. Collectively, the recent knowledge provides new challenges and opportunities towards the development of novel therapeutic strategies to augment host protection and modify disease through manipulation of mast cell and basophil function.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Therapeutic Factors

Proponents of the now half-dozen major psychotherapeutic approaches tend to claim the superiority of their different approaches—known widely by their acronyms: CBT for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, DBT for Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, MBT for Mentalization-Based Therapy, TFP for Transference- Focused Psychotherapy, and so on. The data thus far support the utility of each method, but do not show clear-cut superiority of any one method. A large percentage of BPD patients eventually improve or even recover, but these favorable results appear to derive from a multiplicity of factors. These include the personality traits of both patient and therapist, the unpredictable life events over time, the socioeconomic and cultural background of the patient, and the placebo effect of simply being in treatment. These latter factors constitute the contextual model, which operates alongside the medical model, each playing a role in eventual outcome. The contextual model will be discussed extensively in a separate article.
Abstract 4110: Inhibition of angiopoietin 1/2 and c-MET impairs metastatic potential in a patient derived xenograft of renal carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer and diagnoses have been on the rise since the 1990s. While patients with early stage ccRCC have more than a 50% survival rate over four years, those with advanced stage disease have a less than 10% chance of 5 year survival. In our current study, we utilized an angiopoietin 1/2 inhibitor (Amgen 386) and a novel c-MET inhibitor in murine models grafted with human derived xenografts (PDX) with a high metastatic penetrance. Our goal was to assess the ability of these compounds to prolong survival via metastatic inhibition. Methods: Seven week old SCID mice were implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically with human ccRCC PDX RP-R-02LM. Approximately one month post implantation, mice were started on treatment with Angiopoietin 1/2 inhibitor (Amgen 386), c-met inhibitor (compound A) or a combination of the two. Amgen 386 was administered twice a week subcutaneously at 5.6mg/kg. Compound A was given daily via oral gavage at 30mg/kg. As a survival study, treatment was continued until the mice reached a point where they needed to be euthanized or they were found dead. Results: In our metastatic PDX model, RP-R-02LM, Amgen386 single agent treatment and combination c-MET inhibitor and Amgen386 treatment significantly reduced metastases significantly, p = 0.0075 and p = 0.0001 respectively. Further, an ongoing survival study has shown that at four and a half months post implantation both single agent and combination treatments prolong the survival of mice implanted with RP-R-02LM, a highly metastatic PDX. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that Amgen386 in combination with a novel c-MET inhibitor are significantly inhibiting the spread of metastases and prolonging survival. This indicates a potential use for combination therapy in treating patients with ccRCC in advanced stages of the disease. Citation Format: Ashley Orillion, Remi Adelaiye-Ogala, Li Shen, Eric Ciamporcero, Sheng Yu Ku, Swathi Ramakrishnan, May Elbanna, Sreenivasulu Chintala, Roberto Pili. Inhibition of angiopoietin 1/2 and c-MET impairs metastatic potential in a patient derived xenograft of renal carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4110. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4110
Politics, Reform and the Early-Nineteenth-Century Reports on the Committees on the Police of the Metropolis

The second of Professor Terrill's articles continues his concept of the early history of the police service in its broad political context. It makes an interesting comparison with the approach in M...
D.W. Winnicott, Ethics, and Race: Psychoanalytic Thought and Racial Equality in the United States

This chapter argues that D.W. Winnicott’s psychoanalytic thought offers powerful normative tools for achieving racial justice. The first part establishes the unappreciated importance of normative thinking for the race. The second part establishes how Winnicott’s specific ideas on freedom, the “holding environment,” and creativity deepen the tradition of political theory. The third part argues that Winnicott’s ideas were powerfully visible in two contemporary cases: the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Mississippi Truth Project, both of which allowed citizens to discuss and come to terms with past and current racism. Taking seriously Winnicott’s work, the final part argues, not only challenges the widespread view that psychoanalysis cannot adequately address issues of timely political importance but also adds a much-needed normative dimension to critical race studies.
Palm and Related Kernels

Campbell measures and Palm kernels; Reduced Palm measures and conditioning; Slivnyak properties and factorization; Iterated conditioning and Palm recursion; Randomizations and Cox processes; Local hitting and conditioning; Duality and kernel representation.
Bond Buyback at Deutsche Bank

The case describes a 2016 debt buyback transaction for Deutsche Bank, a major, global, systemically important bank. The case focuses on the large, global bank during a turbulent period, giving students the opportunity to consider both the specific issue of whether Deutsche Bank should do a debt buyback as well as the strategic, regulatory, and macroeconomic issues the bank was facing. This case is suitable for an MBA elective course in capital markets, financial institutions or financial strategy. It is also suitable to be taught at an EMBA or GEMBA program. Excerpt UVA-F-1790 Rev. Mar. 30, 2017 Bond Buyback at Deutsche Bank It's hard to stand up and smile a lot and give much of a vision…We're a bank, we're a regulated entity, we don't have much latitude in what we do. — John Cryan, CEO Deutsche Bank By any standard, the health of the financial sector in the opening months of 2016 had global investors jittery. They were concerned about the prospects of global growth, valuations in financial markets, and the potential of a hard landing of the Chinese economy. The markets sold off significantly in one of the few corrections (a 10% move lower) of the seven-year bull market that had begun in 2009. By mid-February of 2016, U.S., European, and Asian stocks were down over 10%. At the same time, investors began buying bonds, which led to a dramatic decline in yields. In addition, central banks, reluctant to raise interest rates, kept them low. By early February, the U.S. 10-year Treasury bond yielded 1.63%, down sharply from 2.24% at the beginning of the year. In the midst of this sell-off, financial sector stocks were one of the hardest hit. . . .
Modeling Microalgal Biosediment Formation Based on Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Monitoring.

With increasing amounts of anthropogenic pollutants being released into ecosystems, it becomes ever more important to understand their fate and interactions with living organisms. Microalgae play an important ecological role as they are ubiquitous in marine environments and sequester inorganic pollutants which they transform into organic biomass. Of particular interest in this study is their role as a sink for atmospheric CO2, a greenhouse gas, and nitrate, one cause of harmful algal blooms. Novel chemometric hard-modeling methodologies have been developed for interpreting phytoplankton's chemical and physiological adaptations to changes in their growing environment. These methodologies will facilitate investigations of environmental impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on chemical and physiological properties of marine microalgae (here: Nannochloropsis oculata). It has been demonstrated that attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy can gain insights into both and this study only focuses on the latter. From time-series of spectra, the rate of microalgal biomass settling on top of a horizontal ATR element is derived which reflects several of phytoplankton's physiological parameters such as growth rate, cell concentrations, cell size, and buoyancy. In order to assess environmental impacts on such parameters, microalgae cultures were grown under 25 different chemical scenarios covering 200-600 ppm atmospheric CO2 and 0.35-0.75 mM dissolved NO3-. After recording time-series of ATR FT-IR spectra, a multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm extracted spectroscopic and time profiles from each data set. From the time profiles, it was found that in the considered concentration ranges only NO3- has an impact on the cells' physiological properties. In particular, the cultures' growth rate has been influenced by the ambient chemical conditions. Thus, the presented spectroscopic + chemometric methodology enables investigating the link between chemical conditions in a marine ecosystem and their consequences for phytoplankton living in it.
Abstract Fractional Trigonometric Korovkin Approximation

In this chapter we study quantitatively with rates the trigonometric fractional convergence of sequences of linear operators applied on Banach space valued functions.
Revitalizing Outward FDI from Emerging Economies: A Social Relational Perspective

Despite intensified interest and a substantial increase in journal articles, knowledge on the internationalization of emerging market firms (EMFs) is collectively limited. We contend that this is b...
“Lighting a dark continent”: Imaginaries of energy transition in Senegal

Abstract Electrification is increasingly proposed as a solution to the problem of Africa’s development. International organizations hope to light ‘a dark continent’, converting solar panels and global investment into jobs and thereby aiding Africa’s emergence into the global economy. Such straightforward expectations, however, are at odds with longstanding research in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and on-the-ground realities. This article examines the proposed energy transition in Senegal, drawing on over eight months of ethnographic observation at three sites: an energy conference in Dakar; the National Ecovillage Agency (ANEV), a body implementing the national energy project; and an energy development NGO designing alternative solutions for Africa’s poor. Using the STS concept of sociotechnical imaginaries, this article highlights two visions of the transition: an internationalist discourse in which technologies like solar panels, supported by foreign aid, are expected to transform society; and a locally embedded approach in which social conditions determine desirable futures, assisted by technology. The former is shown to create dependence on the universalist imaginaries of the industrial world, while the latter is reduced to a scramble for development projects and funding. Africa’s emergence, I argue, requires greater attentiveness to social and political institution building than to kW-hours and foreign dollars.
An Analysis of Principal Perceptions of the Primary Teaching Evaluation System Used in Eight U.S. States

This research examines how public school principals in eight U.S. states perceive their teacher evaluation systems which are based on Charlotte Danielson’s Framework for Teaching (FfT). States were selected to represent high, middle, and low scorers in the annual Education Week “Quality Counts” report (Education Week, 2016). 1,142 out of over 8,100 working principals in the eight states responded to an online survey, yielding a response rate of over 14%. Most principals were not satisfied with FfT and found implementing the system too cumbersome. Responses suggested an average of two changes to FfT desired by each principal; few wanted to keep their FfT as is. Targets for improvement included overhauling software used to enter teacher evaluations; eliminating student growth goals and student test scores (VAMs) as part of evaluations; reducing the time and paperwork required; and wanting more training for administrators and teachers on the use of FfT. Some states’ principals wanted to return control over teacher evaluation systems to local school districts. Most respondents agreed that their version of FfT has improved their school’s instructional program, and they prefer the new instrument over their previous evaluation instrument.
Rotator Cuff Disease

Rotator cuff tendinopathy is considered to be the most common cause of shoulder pain. It often results from impingement between the coracoacromial arch and the humeral head, also known as shoulder impingement syndrome. If not treated properly, it can progress to rotator cuff tear. Rotator cuff tendinopathy presents as anterolateral shoulder pain that is often aggravated by overhead activity. Tears usually present with pain and weakness. Physical examination includes impingement signs such as Neer’s test and Hawkins test, as well as tests specific for tears, such as the drop arm test and testing resisted external rotation. Management can be conservative or surgical depending on the patient’s age and level of activity.
Sleep debt at the community level: impact of age, sex, race/ethnicity and health

Abstract Objectives Insufficient sleep has become recognized as a pervasive problem in modern society. Sleep debt is a novel measure of sleep adequacy that may be useful in describing those at risk for inadequate sleep. Our objective was to investigate factors that may be associated with sleep debt at the population level, as well as build upon previous data that showed that minority groups may be more likely to have sleep debt. Design A cross-sectional population phone survey included questions regarding amount of sleep required and amount of sleep achieved. Sleep debt was calculated by subtracting sleep achieved from sleep required. Setting This study was designed by the Philadelphia Health Management Corporation and conducted over landlines and cell phones. Participants The Random Digit Dialing method was used to randomly choose 8,752 adults older than 18 years from several counties in and around Philadelphia to answer questions about sleep. Measurements Logistic regression was performed to test associations between sleep debt and various sociodemographic factors in different population subgroups to identify those at risk for sub-optimal sleep duration. Results Sleep debt was seen to decrease with age, a novel finding that is in contrast with literature suggesting that older adults have poor sleep. Greater sleep debt was also associated with female gender, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, Conclusions Although older adults may sleep less as they age, they may also require less sleep to feel rested, resulting in less sleep debt. This and other demographic factors, such as female gender and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, can be used to identify those at higher risk of inadequate sleep and potentially manage their sleep debt.
Chemistry of Singlet Oxygen with a Cadmium-Sulfur Cluster: Physical Quenching versus Photooxidation.

We investigated the chemistry of singlet oxygen with a cadmium–sulfur cluster, (Me4N)2[Cd4(SPh)10]. This cluster was used as a model for cadmium–sulfur nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are often u...
A hospital-based study on caregiver preferences on acute seizure rescue medications in pediatric patients with epilepsy: Intranasal midazolam versus rectal diazepam

Abstract Rationale About 20 per 100,000 children have convulsive status epilepticus every year, a life-threatening condition. Benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment for prolonged and recurrent seizures. Our study was designed to gain understanding of caregiver perception of acute seizure treatments. Methods Our project uses a cross-sectional survey study design using the electronic medical record and a survey at a large academic tertiary children's medical center. Subjects were patients with epilepsy prescribed intranasal (IN) midazolam and/or per rectum (PR) diazepam. The survey was administered to caregivers of children with epilepsy regarding information on the comfort, efficacy, ease of use, and time of administration for patients receiving both abortive seizure medications. Exact binomial tests were employed to determine whether or not differences in caregiver preference exist. Results One hundred and sixty responses were obtained. Incomplete and duplicate surveys were excluded, leaving 153 responses. Of those responses, 59 respondents reported administering both medications. Among parents who expressed a preference for one medication over the other, more parents felt overall greater comfort with IN midazolam compared with rectal diazepam (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.001), IN midazolam was perceived as easier to use (68%, p = 0.0038 and 74%, p = 0.0004) and more effective (87%, p Conclusions These parents of children with epilepsy report increased ease of use, comfort, and efficacy with IN midazolam as compared with rectal diazepam suggesting that a readily available form of IN midazolam would be well received in the pediatric population.
Feeding in Aquatic Mammals: An Evolutionary and Functional Approach

The evolutionary history of aquatic mammals reveals numerous evolutionary experiments in feeding phenotypes and performance in response to changing environmental conditions. In many respects, aquatic mammals have departed from using ancestral terrestrial feeding mechanisms and adopted novel ways of feeding that are influenced by both phylogeny and ecology. Here we highlight feeding strategies as diverse as aquatic herbivory, raptorial biting, and suction to filter feeding, each of which has evolved in numerous mammalian lineages.
An investigation of college student-athletes’ mental health stigma, help-seeking attitudes, depression, anxiety, and life stress scores using structural equation modeling

The purpose of this study was to investigate the directional relationship between student-athletes’ (N = 621) degree of mental health stigma, help-seeking attitudes, and levels of depression, anxie...
The Electrical Conductivity of Transition Metal Oxide-Based Glasses

Oxide glasses containing transition metal ions were first reported to have semiconducting properties in 1954 [1]. Since then, most studies have been on systems based on phosphates, although semiconducting oxide glasses based on other glass network formers have been made. Early work up to 1964 and more recent work up to 1979 have been reviewed by Macken­zie and co-workers [2,3,4] and by Sayer and Mansingh [5]. Other review articles have treated semiconducting oxide glasses as a part of the problem of electrical properties of non-crystalline materials [6,7] or are concerned with only the phosphates [8,9], or only vanadium and/or iron containing glasses [10,11]. In this paper, we will essentially modify our recent reviews [3,4], and consider the theoretical and exper­imental relationship between various families of semiconducting oxide glasses, especially in the light of Sir Nevill Mott’s contributions.
Which Drug Prices Should Medicare Negotiate? A "Too Little" or "Too Late" Approach.

Which Drug Prices Should Medicare Negotiate? By negotiating prices only for drugs that have too little evidence to support full approval or are too late in their life cycle to justify continued hig...
An Atmospheric Water Resources Research Program

A progress report of the Bureau of Reclamation's Atmospheric Water Resources Research Program of practical application of weather modification techniques for improving the water supply of the Nation is presented. The program is divided into three categories: (1) Field experiments, (2) field support, and (3) laboratory studies. Descriptions of each of the projects and some of the important results are presented. Field experiments involve investigations of orographic and convective clouds during winter and summer in six major river basins of the West. Field support of various types is provided by three government agencies. The variety of problems studied in the laboratory include instrumentation, cloud physics, and evaluation techniques. Many studies are conducted in conjunction with field experiments.