cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refractory sleep-disordered breathing due to unilateral lingual tonsillar hypertrophy in a child with Proteus Syndrome

Proteus Syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital overgrowth disease affecting bones, skin, adipose and the central nervous system. The result is asymmetric, disfiguring hypertrophy which can manifest as craniofacial dysmorphia and aerodigestive tract abnormalities. We report the case of obstructive lingual tonsillar hypertrophy resulting in residual sleep disordered breathing after adenotonsillectomy in a child with PS, a previously unrecognized manifestation of the disease. Endoscopic treatment with coblation effectively and safely treated the obstructive symptoms.
Stress-Relaxation Tests Used to Determine the Elevated-Temperature Creep Parameters of Structural Ceramics

Strain-controlled, stress-relaxation tests were conducted on aluminum oxide and silicon nitride tensile specimens for temperatures of 1000°C to 1260°C. In conjunction with a preliminary investigation of the use of these tests for the determination of elevated-temperature creep parameters, a phenomenological theory of plastic deformation was applied to the empirical results to characterize the deformation of the material in terms of a mechanical equation of state. Elevated-temperature creep parameters determined from single specimen tests and the mechanical equation of state approach were compared with the same creep parameters determined from multiple-specimen tests and conventional analysis approaches. The mechanical equation of state approach offers the potential of mechanistically characterizing elevated-temperature plastic behaviour of ceramics using fewer specimens over shorter test times.
The Gulf between chemistry and philosophy of chemistry, then and now

The article aims to introduce the sub-discipline of the philosophy of chemistry to the chemical community at large. The origins of the field are briefly reviewed including some possible causes for the delay in its arrival into the philosophy of science. Some critical remarks are leveled at some of the current work that has been conducted, and reasons for the gulf between philosophy of chemistry and mainstream chemistry are explored. Finally, a novel approach consists of a close examination of how scientific concepts evolve. This theme is discussed with the aid of the work of the early twentieth century amateur scientists Anton van den Broek, who first proposed that the elements in the periodic table should be ordered according to their atomic numbers rather than their atomic weights.
Metastatic spread from squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx to the totally implantable venous access port insertion site: Case report and review of literature

Background The totally implantable venous access port plays a crucial role in delivering chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. Here, we report the first case of a patient with hypopharyngeal tumor who developed chest wall metastasis over the totally implantable venous access port inserted in the internal jugular vein. Methods Our patient, a 58-year-old man with a hypopharyngeal tumor presented with a lump over the totally implantable venous access port site. The port was removed and the lump was biopsied. The CT studies showed that the tumor had spread along the catheter from the hypopharynx to the chest wall. Results The pathology from the biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient had poor performance status and opted for hospice care. Conclusion We present a novel case of metastasis over the totally implantable venous access port implanted in a patient with a hypopharyngeal tumor. We also reviewed relevant literature comparing the data from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube site metastasis with our patient and other similar case reports.
Sex and the Singular Girl: Dinah, Tamar, and the Corrective Art of Biblical Narrative:

Twice in the Jacob cycle in Genesis, we find a one-chapter long, self-contained story about a woman: Dinah and Tamar. The stories are almost never read together, despite their textual proximity and...
Transcription Factor and lncRNA Regulatory Networks Identify Key Elements in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed carcinoma and is the leading cause of cancer death. Although significant progress has been made towards its understanding and treatment, unraveling the complexities of lung cancer is still hampered by a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the disease. High-throughput and multidimensional genomic data have shed new light on cancer biology. In this study, we developed a network-based approach integrating somatic mutations, the transcriptome, DNA methylation, and protein-DNA interactions to reveal the key regulators in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By combining Bayesian network analysis with tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) and targeted gene interactions, we inferred 15 disease-related core regulatory networks in co-expression gene modules associated with LUAD. Through target gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a set of key TFs, including known cancer genes that potentially regulate the disease networks. These TFs were significantly enriched in multiple cancer-related pathways. Specifically, our results suggest that hepatitis viruses may contribute to lung carcinogenesis, highlighting the need for further investigations into the roles that viruses play in treating lung cancer. Additionally, 13 putative regulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including three that are known to be associated with lung cancer, and nine novel lncRNAs were revealed by our study. These lncRNAs and their target genes exhibited high interaction potentials and demonstrated significant expression correlations between normal lung and LUAD tissues. We further extended our study to include 16 solid-tissue tumor types and determined that the majority of these lncRNAs have putative regulatory roles in multiple cancers, with a few showing lung-cancer specific regulations. Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of transcription factor and lncRNA regulation in the context of LUAD regulatory networks and yields new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying LUAD. The novel key regulatory elements discovered by our research offer new targets for rational drug design and accompanying therapeutic strategies.
An Investigation of a Gricean Account of Free-Choice or

Free-choice disjunction manifests itself in complements of comparatives, existential modals, and related contexts. For example, “Socrates is older than Plato or Aristotle” is usually understood to mean “older than each”, not “older than at least one”. Normally, to get an “at least one” reading, a wh-rider has to be appended, e.g., “whichever is younger” or “but I don’t remember which”. Similarly, “Socrates could have been a lawyer or a banker” usually means “Socrates could have been a lawyer and ( not “or”) could have been a banker”. And “Socrates needs an umbrella or a raincoat” is normally understood in a way that isn’t synonymous with “Socrates needs an umbrella or Socrates needs a raincoat”. Roughly, the reading is “getting a satisfactory umbrella would meet his need and getting a satisfactory raincoat would meet his need”.
Balancing the Benefits and Harms of E-Cigarettes: A National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Report.

E-cigarettes have the potential for benefit if they help smokers quit, but this must be balanced against potential harm. This commentary discusses the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, a...
The Financial, Legal, and Political Context of Private Education

Five principles underlie the changing policy architecture of American K-12 education. The author discusses these principles; how they are blurring the traditional demarcation of public and private schools; and the implications of this discussion for a private education research agenda.
Computer Applications and Tasks

The factors in the user profile (Chapter 3, Fig. 3.2) include user interest in one or more computer-based application(s). Prior to designing an application-specific interface, the designer should know how the application has been and can be carried out, preferably both with and without a computer. A good understanding of the target application and how to deal with it successfully is contingent on familiarity with computer-based applications in general. The latter will enable more insightful comparisons and decision-making by the HCI designer.
When to Trigger Active Rules

Active rules model and enforce enterprise requirements such as situation monitoring using events, conditions and actions. These rules are termed active rules as they make the underlying application or system such as database management system active capable (i.e., react to changes actively using the push paradigm). Events play a critical role in active rules as they define and detect an occurrence of interest in the real world and trigger the associated rules. Currently active rules are triggered only when events occur completely. Though this allows active rules to model enterprise policies they are not sufficient in modeling situations warranted by applications such as information security. In this paper, we motivate the need for extending events and active rules. We introduce and discuss event extensions and rule generalization and show how these extensions allow the modeling of situations warranted by emerging applications. Finally, we discuss algorithms and implementation of the extensions using the Sentinel Local Event Detector system.
Sexual and Physical Abuse Among Adolescent Girls with Disruptive Behavior Problems

We examined the prevalence and age of onset of physical and sexual abuse in a clinic-referred sample of adolescent girls, as well as differences in diagnoses and symptoms among abused and non-abused girls. Forty-nine girls (aged 13–17 years) with disruptive behavior were interviewed along with their primary caretaker. Data were gathered through both a structured interview with the girl and her parent, as well as self and parent-report questionnaires. Findings indicated that the prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD) and Major Depression were higher for abused girls. Somatoform Pain Disorder was significantly less likely for physically abused girls, compared to girls who were both physically and sexually abused. Of CD symptoms, truancy was twice as high for the physically and sexually abused group, compared to the prevalence for non-abused girls. Internalizing symptoms were also highest for the dual abuse group. Onset graphs show that the onset of sexual abuse usually occurred at an earlier age than the onset of physical abuse. Abused girls showed an earlier age of onset of CD symptoms. Results indicated that the experience of combined types of abuse is associated with a poorer psychiatric prognosis.
Parent-Child Relationships and Happiness Across Cultures

A key component of parents’ and children’s happiness is the parent-child relationship. Children’s happiness is generally associated with their parents’ happiness and parenting skills, and parents’ happiness can be influenced by their children’s characteristics, and further, their own parental status. Given the variability in parenting practices across cultures and the way country-level factors contribute to parents’ and children’s well-being, it is critical to consider this research from a cross-cultural perspective. This chapter provides an overview of literature on parent-child relationships and happiness across cultures and identifies important gaps to address in the future.
Management of Cervical Instability as a Complication of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in Children: A Historical Perspective With a 40-Year Experience

Abstract Study Design Literature review with supplementary case examples. Objectives The objective of this article was to review neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the associated spinal pathology with a focus on the disorder’s manifestations in the immature cervical spine. Summary of Background Data NF1 is one of the most common inheritable genetic disorders. The disorder is associated with spinal deformities, long bone dysplasia, and osteoporosis. The manifestations of NF1 in the cervical spine commonly include instability secondary to kyphosis, neurofibromas, and dural ectasia. Methods Literature relevant to the evaluation and management of NF1 in the cervical spine was reviewed using the PubMed/NCBI database with a focus on recent clinical studies. The review was supplemented with a historical perspective and patient cases. Results The prevalence of NF1 cervical spine lesions is difficult to define because many patients may be asymptomatic. Symptoms of cervical kyphosis can include pain or nerve deficits but some have a surprisingly high tolerance for deformity and may have frank dislocation of one vertebral body over another (spondyloptosis) with few associated symptoms. Cervical radiographs should be obtained in patients requiring traction, surgery, or intubation, and those with neck pain or symptoms that suggest spinal neurofibromas. Patients with progressive symptoms should be offered surgery. Careful planning is required because many patients will have small, dysplastic vertebral bodies, thin posterior elements, plexiform neurofibromas, or dural ectasia. The decision to use preoperative traction will vary from patient to patient. Combined anterior-posterior fusion is recommended for most cases of severe symptomatic kyphosis, and the fusion should extend from parallel to parallel vertebrae (or six or more levels). Anterior or posterior fusion alone may be an alternative for skeletally mature patients with smaller, flexible curves. Conclusions Spinal deformity is the most common musculoskeletal manifestation of NF1. Cervical lesions are frequently asymptomatic, but patients with thoracolumbar scoliosis, dystrophic features, or a history of laminectomy should have the cervical spine carefully evaluated. For severe and progressive kyphotic deformities, most authors recommend a period of traction followed by a combined anterior-posterior fusion that is instrumented from parallel to parallel vertebra (or six or more levels). Close follow-up is very important because complications and progression are frequent.
Application Of Ant Colony Algorithm In Crawler

The Internet is almost endless, sharing almost the most advanced knowledge in the human development. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1 million Internet pages every day, and the growth rate is huge. How can we quickly retrieve what we need in a complex network environment? This is increasingly becoming a concern for individual users. In 1998, Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page of Stanford University proposed the PageRank algorithm, which can quickly retrieve and locate the knowledge or content we need. The algorithm has also been successfully applied to Google search engines and has achieved great success in commercial applications. The ant colony algorithm is a kind of probabilistic algorithm used to find the optimal path in the graph, and the pheromone is calculated by optimizing the number of times the web page search keyword in the PageRank algorithm is clicked by the updated ant colony algorithm, and the weight of the page is used (The PR value) is iteratively revised and returns a new ranking result that can ultimately improve rankings, optimize search, and increase precision.
Abstract IA05: Imaging- and single cell- based insights into the antitumor immune responses

The immune response to tumors is malleable as we have learned from the various success of immunotherapies across a diversity of tumor types. What are the foundations for a solid immune response, particularly one executed by T cells? Imaging and single-cell approaches provide key insights into immune cell types that can be unleashed on tumors, identifying both their identity and the immune interactions that are to be fostered. We discuss a few of these with particular emphasis on the diversity of the myeloid system and how its component parts can contribute toward antitumor immunity. Citation Format: Adriana Mujal, Kevin Barry, Edward Roberts, Mikhail Binnewies, Megan Ruhland, Vincent Chan, Matthew Frederick Krummel. Imaging- and single cell- based insights into the antitumor immune responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Initial Evidence of U.S. Audit Partner Identification in Form AP Shows Limited Impact on Audit Quality

SUMMARY This article summarizes a study (Cunningham, Li, Stein, and Wright 2019) in which we examine the initial impact of Form AP partner disclosure on audit quality. One difficulty with studying ...
Quantifying statistical uncertainty in metrics of sleep disordered breathing.

Abstract Background The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (or one of its derivatives) is the primary clinical metric for characterizing sleep disordered breathing—the value of which with respect to a threshold determines severity of diagnosis and eligibility for treatment reimbursement. The index value, however, is taken as a perfect point estimate, with no measure of statistical uncertainty. Thus, current practice does not robustly account for variability in diagnosis/eligibility due to chance. In this paper, we quantify the statistical uncertainty associated with respiratory event indices for sleep disordered breathing and the effect of uncertainty on treatment eligibility. Methods We develop an empirical estimate of uncertainty using a non-parametric bootstrap on the interevent times, as well as a theoretical Poisson estimate reflecting the current formulation of the AHI. We then apply these methods to estimate AHI uncertainty for 2049 subjects (954/1095 M/F, age: mean 69 ± 9.1) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Results and Conclusions The mean 95% empirical confidence interval width was 11.500 ± 6.208 events per hour and the mean 95% theoretical Poisson confidence interval width was 5.998 ± 2.897 events per hour, suggesting that uncertainty is likely a major confounding factor within the current diagnostic framework. Of the 278 subjects in the symptomatic population (ESS>10), 27% (76/278) had uncertain diagnoses given the 95% empirical confidence interval. Of the 2049 subjects in the full population, 43% (880/2049) had uncertain diagnoses given the 95% empirical confidence interval. The inclusion of subjects with uncertain diagnoses increases the number of eligible patients by 21.3% for the symptomatic population and by 84.8% for the full population. The exclusion of subjects with uncertain diagnoses given the 95% empirical confidence interval decreases the number of eligible patients by 12.4% for the symptomatic population and by 34.8% for full population. Additional analyses suggest that it is practically infeasible to gain diagnostic statistical significance through additional testing for a broad range of borderline cases. Overall, these results suggest that AHI uncertainty is a vital additional piece of information that would greatly benefit clinical practice, and that the inclusion of uncertainty in epidemiological analysis might help improve the ability for researchers to robustly link AHI with co-morbidities and long-term outcomes.
Spectroscopic characterization of arrestin interactions with competitive ligands: study of heparin and phytic acid binding.

A combination of intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the complexes formed between bovine retinal arrestin and heparin or phytic acid, two ligands that are known to mimic the structural changes in arrestin attending receptor binding. No changes in the CD spectra were observed upon ligand binding, nor did the degree of tryptophan fluorescence quenching change significantly in the complexes. These data argue against any large-scale changes in protein secondary or tertiary structure accompanying ligand binding. The change in tyrosine fluorescence intensity was used to determine the dissociation constants for the heparin and phytic acid complexes of arrestin. The only change observed was a saturable diminution of tyrosine fluorescence signal from the protein. For both ligands, the data suggest two distinct binding interactions with the protein—a high-affinity interaction with Kd between 200 and 300 nM, and a lower affinity interaction with Kd between 2 and 8 μM. Study of collisional quenching of tyrosine fluorescence in free arrestin and the ligand-replete complexes indicates that 10 of the 14 tyrosine residues of the protein are solvent-exposed in the free protein; this value drops to between 5 and 6 solvent-exposed residues in the high-affinity complexes of the two ligands. These data suggest that ligand binding leads to direct occlusion of between 4 and 5 tyrosine residues on the solvent-exposed surface of the protein, but not to any large-scale changes in protein structure. The large activation energy previously reported to be associated with arrestin–receptor interactions may therefore reflect localized movements of the N- and C-termini of arrestin, which are proposed to interact in the free protein through electrostatic interactions. Binding of the anionic ligands heparin, phytic acid, or phosphorylated rhodopsin may compete with the C-terminus of arrestin for these electrostatic interactions, thus allowing the C-terminus to swing out of the binding region.
A highly fluorescent PN-heterocycle-fused pyrene derivative with strong self-dimerisation through hydrogen bonding

The pyrene moiety has been utilised in a variety of systems that exhibit either ‘turn on’ or ‘turn off’ fluorescence in response to specific analytes. Continued development of hydrogen bonding pyre...
Statistical Phase Transitions and Extreme Events in Shallow Water Waves with an Abrupt Depth Change

Predicting extreme events in complex nonlinear systems is an extremely challenging and important area in climate science. Important examples include extreme events near coastal continental shelves for shallow and deep water waves. Recent laboratory experiments reveal a remarkable transition from near Gaussian to highly skewed anomalous statistics with extreme events by measuring the surface water wave displacements in shallow water across an abrupt depth change (ADC). A statistical dynamical model has been proposed and used to accurately predict the representative statistical transition using Gibbs invariant measures for the truncated KdV equation at low and high inverse temperatures representing flows before and after the ADC. In this paper, we use much lower dimensional truncated paradigm models to understand the statistical phase transition and the creation of extreme events. Especially, a two-mode interacting model with exact integrable dynamics is adopted to characterize the core transition mechanism as the model parameter varies. The choice of the radically truncated two-mode model is motivated by the self-similar solution structures with reducing numbers of truncated modes. A clear separation of distinct dynamics in the phase space is discovered for the Gibbs ensembles sampled from different inverse temperatures. Direct numerical tests with various model truncation sizes are presented to illustrate the statistical transition in parameter regimes. The analysis here can also provide a theoretical guideline for a wider variety of models concerning the generation of extreme events and anomalous statistics.
The Impact of Repeated Cardioversions for Atrial Fibrillation on Stroke, Hospitalizations, and Catheter Ablation Outcomes.

Background Long-term outcomes after direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in patients that receive anticoagulation have demonstrated to have no adverse sequela. Less is known about the impact on atrial fibrillation (AF) outcomes and resource utilization of repeated DCCVs that are often required for long-term rhythm control. Methods A total of 4,135 AF patients >18 years of age that underwent DCCV with long-term system follow-up were evaluated. Patients were stratified by the number of DCCVs received: 1 (n=2,201), 2-4 (n=1,748), and ≥5 (n=186). Multivariable Cox hazard regression was used to determine the association of DCCV categories to the outcomes of death, AF hospitalization, AF ablation, DCCVs, and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results The average follow-up of the patient population was 1,633.1±1,232.9 (median: 1,438.0) days. Patients who underwent 2-4 and ≥5 DCCVs had more comorbidities, namely hypertension, hyperlipidemia and heart failure. Anticoagulation use was common at the time of DCCV in all groups (89.1%, 91.2%, 91.9%, p=0.06) and amiodarone use increased with increasing DCCV category (30.1%, 43.4%, 52.2, p 5 vs. 1, (HR=1.32 [0.89-1.94], p=0.17). Conclusions This study found that the increasing number of DCCVs, despite escalation of other pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, is a long-term independent risk factor for repeat DCCVs, ablations, and AF hospitalizations among AF patients.
The Myth of Public Participation in a World of Poverty

This Article addresses the public participation dimension of poverty – the lack of participation by the poor in decisions that affect their lives, health, and environment – and considers possibilities for increasing participation by the poor. Public participation means access to information about decisions to be made, opportunity to express opinions in oral or written comments, and the ability to have these opinions taken into account in final decisions.Procedural rights and environmental democracy are necessary preconditions and important tools for environmental protection and poverty alleviation. The author explores the benefits of public participation in environmental decision making for the eradication of poverty. This includes World Bank policies on eradication of poverty, good governance, and consultations with affected communities. The author analyzes the problems of unfair development and inadequate public participation for the poor. Failure to consult local communities and take into account public opinion results in a negative impact on the environment and poor people. Finally, the author proposes solutions for these problems.
Geodetic Evidence for a Buoyant Mantle Plume Beneath the Eifel Volcanic Area, NW Europe

The volcanism of the Eifel volcanic field (EVF), in west-central Germany, is often considered an example of hotspot volcanism given its geochemical signature and the putative mantle plume imaged underneath. EVF’s setting in a stable continental area provides a rare natural laboratory to image surface deformation and test the hypothesis of there being a thermally buoyant plume. Here we use Global Positioning System (GPS) data to robustly image vertical land motion (VLM) and horizontal strain rates over most of intraplate Europe. We find a spatially-coherent positive VLM anomaly over an area much larger than the EVF and with a maximum uplift of ~1 mm yr−1 at the EVF (when corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment). This rate is considerably higher than averaged over the Late-Quaternary. Over the same area that uplifts, we find significant horizontal extension surrounded by a radial pattern of shortening, a superposition that strongly suggests a common dynamic cause. Besides the Eifel, no other area in NW Europe shows significant positive VLM coupled with extensional strain rates, except for the much broader region of glacial isostatic adjustment. We refer to this 3D deformation anomaly as the Eifel Anomaly. We also find an extensional strain rate anomaly near the Massif Central volcanic field surrounded by radial shortening, but we do not detect a significant positive VLM signal there. The fact that the Eifel Anomaly is located above the Eifel plume suggests the plume causes the anomaly. Indeed, we show that buoyancy forces induced by the plume at the bottom of the lithosphere can explain this remarkable surface deformation. Plume-induced deformation can also explain the relatively high rate of regional seismicity, particularly along the Lower Rhine Embayment.
A synthetic biosensor to detect peroxisomal acetyl-CoA concentration for compartmentalized metabolic engineering.

Background Sub-cellular compartmentalization is used by cells to create favorable microenvironments for various metabolic reactions. These compartments concentrate enzymes, separate competing metabolic reactions, and isolate toxic intermediates. Such advantages have been recently harnessed by metabolic engineers to improve the production of various high-value chemicals via compartmentalized metabolic engineering. However, measuring sub-cellular concentrations of key metabolites represents a grand challenge for compartmentalized metabolic engineering. Methods To this end, we developed a synthetic biosensor to measure a key metabolite, acetyl-CoA, in a representative compartment of yeast, the peroxisome. This synthetic biosensor uses enzyme re-localization via PTS1 signal peptides to construct a metabolic pathway in the peroxisome which converts acetyl-CoA to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via three enzymes. The PHB is then quantified by HPLC. Results The biosensor demonstrated the difference in relative peroxisomal acetyl-CoA availability under various culture conditions and was also applied to screening a library of single knockout yeast mutants. The screening identified several mutants with drastically reduced peroxisomal acetyl-CoA and one with potentially increased levels. We expect our synthetic biosensors can be widely used to investigate sub-cellular metabolism and facilitate the "design-build-test" cycle of compartmentalized metabolic engineering.
The Influence of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Lumbar Arthrodesis.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis using the PearlDiver national insurance claims database. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between chronic preoperative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions and nonunion following spine fusion surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Contemporary literature has linked SSRIs to decreased bone mineral density and increased rates of future bone fracture. Furthermore, a recent murine model has suggested a potential role in the quality of fracture healing itself. METHODS All single-level lumbar fusion patients were identified. The rate of nonunion diagnosis between 6 and 24 months following surgery was assessed. A stratified analysis of chronic SSRI use and a number of comorbidities was conducted, followed by a multiple logistic regression analysis of nonunion accounting for qualifying risk factors. Finally, subanalyses of individual procedure codes were carried out. RESULTS In total, 7905 single-level lumbar fusion patients were included. In the multivariate analysis, chronic SSRI [odds ratio (OR): 1.558, P=0.004] and tobacco use (OR: 1.500, P=0.011) were identified as independent risk factors for nonunion, whereas patient age over 60 years (OR: 0.468, P<0.001) was observed to be negatively associated with nonunion. In the individual procedure subanalyses, SSRIs were significantly associated with nonunion in 2 of 3 univariate analyses and observed to be an independent risk factor for nonunion in 2 of the 3 procedure populations. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that patients treated concomitantly for mental health disorders with SSRIs before arthrodesis may be at an increased risk of postoperative nonunion. Closer follow-up may be indicated in this patient population.
Sparseness bounds on local operators in holographic CFT d

We use the thermodynamics of anti-de Sitter gravity to derive sparseness bounds on the spectrum of local operators in holographic conformal field theories. The simplest such bound is $$ \rho \left(\varDelta \right)\lesssim \exp \left(\frac{2\pi \Delta}{d-1}\right) $$ for CFTd. Unlike the case of d = 2, this bound is strong enough to rule out weakly coupled holographic theories. We generalize the bound to include spins Ji and U(1) charge Q, obtaining bounds on ρ(Δ, Ji, Q) in d = 3 through 6. All bounds are saturated by black holes at the Hawking-Page transition and vanish beyond the corresponding BPS bound.
Congenital Heart Disease

With improved treatment options, congenital heart disease is frequently encountered in the adult echocardiography laboratory. This chapter will provide an overview of congenital heart disease (CHD) as it pertains to adult echocardiography. We will describe the congenital conditions most commonly encountered, their eventual sequela and echocardiographic findings.
Written or drawn episodic future thinking cues improves delay discounting in adults

Abstract Delay discounting (DD) describes choices between small, immediate rewards and larger, delayed rewards. Individuals who are high in DD favor small, immediate rewards, and this preference is related to health behaviors including higher energy intake, smoking and less physical activity. Episodic future thinking (EFT) is an intervention in which one thinks about personal positive future events and this decreases DD in adults and children. In previous studies episodic events have been presented as written or auditory cues. Episodic future images are also imagined visually, but the impact of personal visual cues has not been tested. Research examining sensory modality and semantic memory has shown drawn items are associated with better recall than writing or viewing provided images. This study compared drawn versus written episodic future or recent cues on DD. Sixty-nine adults were randomized to one of three groups; EFT-written, EFT-drawn or Episodic recent thinking (ERT)-written cues, and completed a computerized adjusting amount DD task cued with episodic events. Results showed both written and drawn EFT cues had a larger effect on DD than ERT-written cues and individual differences in immediate time perspective moderated this effect. This suggests that drawn and written cues can have similar effects on DD, providing future clinical work flexibility in how to present cues in the field. In addition, presenting drawn cues may improve DD for individuals who have an immediate time perspective.
Rabbi Yehuda-the-Prince

As usual, times were bad. Even worse than usual. For now the people of Judea were challenged not only by Roman soldiery and its collaborators but also by the elements: the land was dry. Barren. Saintly men prayed for rain but prayers were not answered: the population remained hungry.
Contraception in women with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of the literature.

Abstract Objective To perform a systematic review of the literature to examine original research on contraception in women with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a specific focus on safety, efficacy, non-contraceptive benefits, and utilization patterns in this population. Study design We searched PubMed and Embase databases for any peer-reviewed original research in English on the use of contraception in women with CF. Results We identified 241 unique citations. After title review and exclusion of articles not reporting original data, 18 publications were included in the final review, with at least two articles for each area of focus. Limited evidence indicates that oral contraceptive pills are likely safe and efficacious in women with CF. Hormonal contraception may reduce pulmonary exacerbation rates and decrease need for antibiotics, suggesting non-contraceptive benefits. Women with CF utilize birth control at similar rates as the general population, and oral contraceptive pills and condoms are the most commonly used methods. Conclusions Data on the safety, efficacy, and non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraception in women with CF are scant. Based on the limited data, hormonal contraception seems to be safe and efficacious and may provide noncontraceptive benefits. Further high-quality data from disease-specific research are required to better inform contraceptive decision-making among women with CF.
Reconceptualizing Survey Representativeness for Evaluating and Using Nonprobability Samples

A question in recent times has been the quality of surveys using nonprobability samples. This paper approaches measurement accuracy by reconceptualizing representativeness. This approach can be used for all samples, probability or not. Current survey designs aim for representative samples with the implicit assumptions that representativeness belongs to the sample and that all measurements are equally representative. However, all real sampling methods contact or recruit members using properties of potential respondents like telephone usage. Questions correlated with sampling methods can give biased measurements. For example, a telephone survey can give biased responses for “why don’t you use the telephone” while leaving unbiased responses to health related questions. An analysis recognizing different degrees of bias for different measurements de facto reconceptualizes representativeness as belonging to the measurement rather than to the sample. Accordingly, this paper proposes that every measurement has a “method dependent bias” due to the correlation of the measurement with the sampling method. A researcher can use a nonprobability sample to obtain acceptably representative results for all measurements that have method dependent biases within the researcher’s tolerance. This paper describes and gives a pilot implementation of a simple method for quantifying method dependent biases.
Rising Tides-Changing Title: Walton County v. Stop the Beach Renourishment

This article first discusses the facts of the Walton County case and how the statute affects title to coastal parcels and then turns to an analysis of the fee simple absolute title to coastal properties in Florida, how deeds are drawn, and how title is insured under title company practices. This is followed by a further exploration of the regulatory taking issue and then the judicial taking claim. We then explore the tension that the judicial takings issue raises regarding the jurisdiction of federal and state courts. The article then takes a look at the property interests-the sticks in the bundle of sticks that constitute fee simple title-that are implicated in regulatory takings cases, followed by a conclusion.
Comparisons of Alternative Quasi-Monte Carlo Sequences for American Option Pricing

Quasi-Monte Carlo sequences have been shown to provide accurate option price approximations for a variety of options. In this paper, we apply quasi-Monte Carlo sequences in a duality approach to value American options. We compare the results using different low discrepancy sequences and estimate error bounds and computational effort. The results demonstrate the value of sequences using expansions of irrationals.
CD30‐Positive Peripheral T‐Cell Lymphoma

A 47 year-old female presented with a five-month history of left lower extremity cellulitis which was refractory to oral antibiotics. Physical exam revealed focal erythema of the left lower extremity and left inguinal adenopathy. A left leg skin punch biopsy revealed a dense infiltrate present primarily within the deep dermis consisting of markedly atypical large cells with prominent nuclear pleomorphism and focal multinucleation. Many of the cells displayed “horseshoe shaped” or “donut shaped” nuclei, consistent with so-called hallmark cells and/or wreath cells. Scattered mitoses were also observed. Imunohistochemical stains for CD45 and vimentin were positive. Stains for cytokeratins AE1/AE3, CK7, desmin, and S-100 protein were negative. The CD45-positive population was also positive for CD3, CD30, CD45 Ro, and epithelial membrane antigen. They were negative for CD20, CD15, and CD43. A biopsy of the left inguinal lymph nodes revealed involvement by a morphologically similar neoplasm with an identical immunohistochemical staining pattern. Additionally, a CD56 and ALK-1 stain were performed on the lymph node biopsy, and both were negative. This neoplastic process represents a CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The differential diagnosis includes an ALK-1-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and a primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
Glycine Metabolism IV. EFFECT OF BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION ON THE PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE FROM PEPTOCOCCUS GLYCINOPHILUS

The pyridoxal phosphate-containing glycine decarboxylase from Peptococcus glycinophilus exhibited fluorescence emission peaks at 390 and 500 mµ when activated at 340 and 420 mµ, respectively. Removal of the pyridoxal phosphate resulted in the loss of the 500 mµ peak, but did not affect the 390 mµ peak. When the holoenzyme was reduced with sodium borohydride only a single emission peak at 390 mµ was detectable, but the intensity of the emission was approximately 10-fold greater than the emission at 390 mµ of the nonreduced holoenzyme or of either the reduced or nonreduced apoenzyme. Estimation of the molar ratio of pyridoxal phosphate to enzyme protein was achieved by comparing the increase in fluorescence at 390 mµ, the increase in ultraviolet absorption at 430 mµ, and the increase in catalytic activity of a known amount of apoenzyme upon incubation with increasing amounts of pyridoxal phosphate. It was found that each mole of enzyme bound 2 moles of pyridoxal phosphate.
Schizotypy and clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and quality of life in individuals with a psychotic disorder.

Abstract Background Schizotypy is a range of perceptual experiences and personality features related to risk and familial predisposition to psychosis. Despite evidence that schizotypy is related to psychosis vulnerability, very little is known about the expression of schizotypal traits in individuals with a psychotic disorder, and their relationship to clinical symptoms, cognition, and psychosocial functioning. Methods 59 healthy subjects and 68 patients with a psychotic disorder (47 schizophrenia spectrum disorder; 21 bipolar disorder with psychotic features) completed four schizotypy scales, the Perceptual Aberration Scale, the Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales, and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, a brief neuropsychological assessment, and a self-report measure of quality of life. Clinical symptoms of psychosis were quantified in patients with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Psychosis patients scored higher than healthy subjects on all schizotypy scales. Correlations between schizotypy and PANSS scores were modest, ranging from r = .06 to r = .43, indicating that less than 20% of the variance in self-reported schizotypy overlapped with clinical symptoms. After controlling for clinical symptoms, patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders reported higher levels of cognitive–perceptual disturbances and negative traits than patients with bipolar disorder. Elevated schizotypy was associated with lower cognitive functioning and self-reported quality of life. Conclusions Schizotypal personality traits are markedly elevated in psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia spectrum disorders, relatively weakly correlated with positive and negative psychotic symptoms, and associated with greater cognitive impairment and lower quality of life. Assessing schizotypy in patients with psychosis may be useful for predicting functional outcome and differential diagnosis.
A new computer technique for continuous measurement of the pre-ejection period in the human fetus: Physiologic significance of pre-ejection period patterns

Abstract A new interactive computer graphics system was developed for continuous online or offline measurement of the pre-ejection period (PEP) in the human fetus during both the antepartum and the intrapartum period. A significant feature is the system's ability to accurately measure PEP from the onset of the QRS complex to the beginning of aortic opening with a resolution of less than 2 milliseconds. Normal patterns of PEP prolongation were observed with fetal movement and occlusion of the umbilical cord, whereas progressive shortening of PEP was noticed with late decelerations associated with acute hypoxia. A pathologic pattern of PEP prolongation associated with late decelerations and poor heart rate variability was observed with chronic hypoxia and acidosis. These patterns suggest that continuous monitoring of PEP may be a useful adjunct to current monitoring methods when attempting to assess fetal cardiac performance and well-being.
Identification of the site of recombination in the generation of the genome of DI particles of equine herpesvirus type 1

Abstract Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are generated by serial, undiluted propagation of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). DIP-rich preparations of EHV-1 mediate oncogenic transformation and persistent infection in permissive hamster embryo fibroblasts. The defective genomes consist of reiterations of sequences from the left terminus (0.00 to 0.04 map units) of the long (L) region covalently linked to sequences from the inverted repeats (0.78 to 0.79, 0.83 to 0.87, 0.91 to 0.95, and 0.99 to 1.00 map units) of the short (S) region of the standard genome. We have identified and determined the nucleotide sequences of these segments of the standard genome as well as the component of the defective DNA that contains the site at which these two viral sequences recombined. Comparison of these sequences revealed that there is an 8-nucleotide sequence that is common to both the left terminus sequences and the inverted repeat sequences. These 8-nucleotide identical sequences are located at 3.25 kbp from the left terminus and at 9 kbp downstream of the L-S junction. The recombination between the left terminus and the inverted repeat sequences occurred at the site of homology and resulted in the generation of a novel open reading frame. The last 97 amino acids of an open reading frame of 469 amino acids encoded by sequences within the inverted repeats were replaced by a sequence of 68 amino acids encoded by a 204-bp sequence mapping at 0.023 map units. It will be of interest to determine whether this altered open reading frame, generated by recombination of sequences separated by more than 110,000 by in the standard genome, plays a role in the varied outcomes of infection mediated by EHV-1 DI Ps.
CER1P, A NOVEL HSP70-RELATED PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR POSTTRANSLATIONAL ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM TRANSLOCATION IN YEAST

Abstract Proteins enter the secretory pathway by translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, import of proteins into the ER occurs both cotranslationally and posttranslationally. Presumably, the cotranslational targeting to the ER membrane is directed by the signal recognition particle, as demonstrated in other eukaryotic systems. The deletion of a gene, called CER1, inhibits the translocation of proteins that enter the ER posttranslationally, but not those that enter cotranslationally. This translocation defect is more pronounced at lower temperatures. A strain possessing a null mutation of CER1 in combination with a kar2 temperature-sensitive mutation displays synthetic growth defects, whereas overexpression of the ER DnaJ homolog Scj1p suppresses the translocation defect in cer1Δ strains. CER1 is predicted to encode a 100-kDa polypeptide, residing in the ER lumen that is related to the hsp70 family of molecular chaperones.
A cryogenic electron beam ion source for atomic physics experiments

Abstract Advanced ion sources such as the electron beam ion source (EBIS) and electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS), originally developed for nuclear particle accelerators, are increasingly being used as sources of low energy, highly charged ions in atomic physics experiments. This paper discusses the design of a superconducting solenoid, cryogenic EBIS specifically intended for experiments with low energy, very highly charged ions of medium to high Z elements.