cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparative ecological risk assessment for herbicides used on spring wheat: the effect of glyphosate when used within a glyphosate-tolerant wheat system

Abstract Glyphosate-tolerant spring wheat currently is being developed and most likely will be the first major genetically engineered crop to be marketed and grown in several areas of the northern Great Plains of the United States. The public has expressed concerns about environmental risks from glyphosate-tolerant wheat. Replacement of traditional herbicide active ingredients with glyphosate in a glyphosate-tolerant spring wheat system may alter ecological risks associated with weed management. The objective of this study was to use a Tier 1 quantitative risk assessment methodology to compare ecological risks for 16 herbicide active ingredients used in spring wheat. The herbicide active ingredients included 2,4-D, bromoxynil, clodinafop, clopyralid, dicamba, fenoxaprop, flucarbazone, glyphosate, MCPA, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, tralkoxydim, triallate, triasulfuron, tribenuron, and trifluralin. We compared the relative risks of these herbicides to glyphosate to provide an indication of the effect of gly...
Glucose Fermentation Pathway of Thermoanaerobium brockii

Thermoanaerobium brockii was shown to catabolize glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway into ethanol, acetic acid, H2-CO2, and lactic acid. Radioactive tracer studies, employing specifically labeled [14C]glucose, demonstrated significant fermentation of 14CO2 from C-3 and C-4 of the substrate exclusively. All extracts contained sufficient levels of activity (expressed in micromoles per minute per milligram of protein at 40°C) to assign a catabolic role for the following enzymes: glucokinase, 0.40; fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, 0.23; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 1.73; pyruvate kinase, 0.36; lactate dehydrogenase (fructose-1,6-diphosphate activated), 0.55; pyruvate dehydrogenase (coenzyme A acetylating), 0.53; hydrogenase, 3.3; phosphotransacetylase, 0.55; acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (coenzyme A acetylating), 0.15; ethanol dehydrogenase, 1.57; and acetate kinase, 1.50. All pyridine nucleotide-linked oxidoreductases examined were specific for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, except ethanol dehydrogenase which displayed both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked activities. Fermentation product balances and cell growth yields supported the glucose catabolic pathway described. Representative balanced end product yields (in moles per mole of glucose fermented) were: ethanol, 0.94; l-lactate, 0.84; acetate, 0.20; CO2, 1.31; and H2, 0.50. Growth yields of 16.4 g of cells per mole of glucose were demonstrated. Both growth and end product yields varied significantly in accordance with the specific medium composition and incubation time.
Focusing on probable diagnoses

Model-based diagnosis is based on first-principles reasoning using the behavioral specifications of the primitive components of a device. Unless the computational architecture of the model-based reasoning engine is carefully designed, combinatorial explosion renders the approach useless for devices consisting of more than a handful of components. This paper analyzes the diverse origins of this combinatorial explosion a,nd outlines strategies to cope with each one. The resulting computational architecture for model-based diagnosis provides orders of magnitude performance improvement on large examples, making model-based approach practical for devices consisting of on the order of 3000 components.
Religiosity and Intimacy with an Extradyadic Partner in Emerging Adulthood: A Developmental Perspective

The present study examined the relationship between intrinsic religious motivation and both physical and emotional intimacy with an extraydadic partner (i.e., infidelity) in a sample of emerging adults (ages 18–25, N = 188) who were involved in dating romantic relationships. The study uniquely conceptualized religiosity in terms of personal and internal connection with religion; additionally, the study included both physical and emotional aspects of extradyadic intimacy behaviors. Contrary to previous research with married adult couples, analyses revealed that intrinsic religious motivation significantly and positively predicted physical and emotional intimacy with an extradyadic partner. Developmental implications are discussed.
Against Totalitarianism: Agamben, Foucault, and the Politics of Critique

Despite appearances, Agamben’s engagement with Foucault in Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life is not an extension of Foucault’s analysis of biopolitics but rather a disciplining of Foucault for failing to take Nazism seriously. This moralizing rebuke is the result of methodological divergences between the two thinkers that, I argue, have fundamental political consequences. Re-reading Foucault’s most explicitly political work of the mid-1970s, I show that Foucault’s commitment to genealogy is aligned with his commitment to “insurrection”—not simply archival or historical, but practical and political insurrection—even as his non-moralizing understanding of critique makes space for the resistances he hopes to proliferate. By contrast, Agamben’s resurrection of sovereignty turns on a moralizing Holocaust exceptionalism that anoints both sovereignty and the state with inevitably totalitarian powers. Thus, while both Agamben and Foucault take positions “against” totalitarianism, their very different understandings of this term and method of investigating it unwittingly render Agamben complicit with the totalitarianism he otherwise seeks to reject.
A Conceptual Model for Characterizing Physical Activity

Abstract It is the purpose of this paper to report efforts to construct a model characterizing physical activity as a sociopsychological phenomenon. The work was based upon the assumptions that physical activity can be reduced to more specific components, i.e., a set of all physical activities can be reduced to logical subsets; and that a meaningful basis for such a procedure is the instrumental value physical activity is perceived to have for the individual. A rationale is given for each of the six dimensions of the model. In addition to construct validity, the integrity of the model was assessed by determining the degree of univocality and independence of the postulated subdomains. I
Cigarette smoking and risk of substance use and substance use disorder relapse among adults in recovery

(HAP) of many formulations. These concerns, along with regulatory–authority directives, have led to the development of opioid formulations expected to have abuse-deterrent properties. The attractiveness of opioids for abuse have been quantified using validated measures of subjective pharmacodynamic (PD) effects (e.g., drug liking, drug high), as well as select pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of opioids, such aspeakplasmaconcentration (Cmax) and time to achieveCmax expressed as tmax. For example, tampering with opioid formulations (e.g., altering themode of administration) may increase PD effects by increasing Cmax and/or shortening tmax. Given this PK relationship, whichmay foster a drug’s attractiveness for abuse, the Cmax/tmax ratio has been called the abuse quotient (AQ). This investigation examined the putative validity of using AQ as a surrogate clinical measure to characterize the HAP of opioid analgesic formulations. Methods: PK and PD data were retrospectively gathered from a series of randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) exploring the HAP of proposed abuse-deterrent extended-release opioid formulations in comparison with control opioid formulations with high abuse potential and, in some cases, placebo. Correlations of AQ, Cmax, and tmax with subjective PD effects influencing drug abuse were assessed within and between RCTs. Results: In all instances, there were statistically significant and high correlations of AQ and PD effects, with higher AQ denoting greater abuse potential. Overall, these associations were stronger for AQ than for Cmax or tmax individually. Conclusions: The AQ appears to be an essential parameter of HAP when developing abuse-deterrent opioid formulations. Further analyses using real-world surveillance data for comparison are recommended. Financial support: Funded internally by PRA Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Reimagining overqualified human resources to promote organizational effectiveness and competitive advantage

Purpose – Many organizations hold the traditional view that due to the potential of higher job dissatisfaction and employee turnover rates, hiring overqualified job candidates is risky. The purpose of this paper is to take an alternative perspective, using Human Capital and Resource-based theories to propose that hiring overqualified job candidates adds to a firm’s human capital depth. This additional human capital depth, in turn, enables firms to improve near term organizational effectiveness, and ultimately, build long-term competitive advantage. However, the ability of the firm to sustain this competitive advantage is dependent upon the retention of the overqualified human capital. The authors propose that job and career development opportunities made available to the overqualified will increase commitment and reduce turnover intentions, resulting in a long-term competitive advantage. Thus, the conceptual framework makes reference to deployment of the overqualified as an under used source of human capi...
Top-Seeded Solution Crystal Growth and Functional Properties of Polar LiFeP2O7

Large single crystals of LiFeP2O7, a multifunctional polar material, were successfully grown by using a top-seeded solution growth (tssg) technique. The morphologies of the single crystals with different rotation speeds are described. Functional properties such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and ferroelectricity were measured. LiFeP2O7 is SHG active, with an SHG efficiency of approximately 200 × α-SiO2 using 1064 nm radiation. The material is piezoelectric, with a d22 value of 1.2 pC/N, and pyroelectric, with pyroelectric coefficients of 9.25 μC/m2K (1 kHz) and 10.6 μC/m2K (50 Hz) at 60 °C. Although polar, LiFeP2O7 is not ferroelectric; that is, the polarization is not “switchable”. Optical spectra indicate that the absorption edge is approximately 480 nm, with transmission up to 4.3 μm.
Complement Fixation in “Q’ Fever:

SummaryA complement-fixing reaction for “Q’ fever which is specific among the rickettsial diseases is described. Yolk sac antigen was superior to mouse spleen antigen in tests with human sera. The test was shown to have a good degree of sensitivity and it appeared 9 to 13 days after onset of the disease and persisted for at least 305 days. The indications are that the test is of value for diagnosis and that it affords evidence of immunity.
Interferon-γ induces a decrease in the intracellular calcium pump in a human salivary gland cell line

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) ± tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces antiproliferation and intracellular Ca2+ store depletion in a human submandibular ductal cell line (HSG), which can be reversed on cyt...
Influenza Virus Affects Intestinal Microbiota and Secondary Salmonella Infection in the Gut through Type I Interferons.

Human influenza viruses replicate almost exclusively in the respiratory tract, yet infected individuals may also develop gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea. However, the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Using an influenza mouse model, we found that influenza pulmonary infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota profile through a mechanism dependent on type I interferons (IFN-Is). Notably, influenza-induced IFN-Is produced in the lungs promote the depletion of obligate anaerobic bacteria and the enrichment of Proteobacteria in the gut, leading to a “dysbiotic” microenvironment. Additionally, we provide evidence that IFN-Is induced in the lungs during influenza pulmonary infection inhibit the antimicrobial and inflammatory responses in the gut during Salmonella-induced colitis, further enhancing Salmonella intestinal colonization and systemic dissemination. Thus, our studies demonstrate a systemic role for IFN-Is in regulating the host immune response in the gut during Salmonella-induced colitis and in altering the intestinal microbial balance after influenza infection.
Effects of propofol on vasopressor use in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis: A pilot study.

Abstract Purpose Propofol is one of the most commonly used sedatives in the intensive care unit (ICU) despite its undesirable hypotensive effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of continuous intravenous (CIV) propofol on vasopressor requirements in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. Materials and methods A multicenter, retrospective, propensity-matched pilot study was conducted comparing patients with sepsis or severe sepsis who received CIV propofol for sedation to those who did not. The primary outcome was incidence of vasopressor support. Secondary outcomes included change in mean arterial pressure, mortality, and length of stay. Results A total of 279 patients (149 CIV propofol, 130 non-CIV propofol) were evaluated, with 174 patients matched 1:1 based on propensity score. There was no difference in vasopressor support requirements (49.4% vs 54%; P = .65) or in those experiencing a greater than 20% decrease in mean arterial pressure from baseline (58.6% vs 63.2%; P = .53) in the CIV propofol and non-CIV propofol groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in any secondary outcomes including hospital mortality (32.2% vs 33.3%; P = .87). Conclusions Continuous intravenous propofol for sedation did not increase vasopressor requirements in this septic population. Furthermore, CIV propofol was not associated with significant differences in the use of multiple vasopressors, change in mean arterial pressure, length of stay, or mortality.
Tendon Transfers in the Rheumatoid Hand for Reconstruction

Long-standing rheumatoid arthritis can result in spontaneous tendon rupture caused by attrition of the tendons. Ruptures of the ulnar-sided extensor tendons, flexor pollicis longus, and the flexor digitorum profundus can be seen. Primary repair of these tendon ruptures is frequently not possible because of delayed presentation and tendon damage by the disease process. Tendon transfers are the preferred method of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At surgery, it is critical to address the underlying cause of rupture to prevent future tendon ruptures. Rates of tendon rupture may decrease due to improved medications for rheumatoid arthritis.
Measurement of the dielectric constants of thin films

Everyone concerned with the measurement of the properties of dielectrics has probably been faced with the problem of measuring the dielectric constants of thin films. “Thin films” are understood to mean varnish, resin or other solid dielectric material not more than a few mils thick. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss some of the methods used, their advantages and limitations, and to suggest an extension of one method which has given very good results in the authors' laboratory.
Situated Knowledge and the Interplay of Value Judgments and Evidence in Scientific Inquiry

Feminist philosophy of science is committed to the view that science neither is, nor ought to be, neutral among social and political values. Scientific theories, recognized as legitimate contributions by the scientific community, often embody androcentric or sexist values, and hence are subject to criticism by feminists. Feminists also seek to advance feminist scientific research programs that are explicitly informed by feminist values.
Design and Analysis of a Multiple Tentacle System for Mobile Manipulation in Micro Aerial Vehicles

In this paper authors present a novel mechanical design for tentacle system for mobile manipulation in small MAVs (micro aerial vehicles) and its kinematic analysis of a single DOF (degree of freedom) tentacle system to be used for various possible operations. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a simple but effective tentacle design for MAVs and its kinematic analysis. The tentacle system is cable-driven, using two servos, 3D printed, and 9.5cm long and weighs 0.1kg [1]. Recent advancements in mobile manipulation facilitate aerial robots to perform various tasks that flying-only vehicles cant do. Conventional mobile manipulation systems are designed to have dexterous light-weighted manipulators installed in the body of aerial vehicles to enable interactions with the environment including welding, object pickup and release, and even cooperative task assignment. One of greatest challenges in mobile manipulation is additionally attached of manipulators in the limited payload of aerial vehicles. However, most of the dexterous mobile manipulators still add enormous payloads to the aerial vehicles. In this paper, a tentacle based mobile manipulator has been developed, analyzed in its kinematics, tested for operations, and discussed for future applications.
Sovereignty and martyrdom: A sociological sketch

This paper has two goals: to develop a sociological conception of martyrdom and to use that concept to interpret the history of sovereignty in the West. While recent research on the topic has focused on martyrdom as a terrorist tactic associated with radical Islam, I redress these trends by analyzing martyrdom as a social process, focusing on cases of martyrdom in European history, and cultivating a new perspective on the relationship between religion and politics in the historical development of sovereignty in the West.
Electrochemical detection of nitrate ions in soil water using graphene foam modified by TiO 2 nanofibers and enzyme molecules

This paper reports a microfluidic nitrate sensor using a graphene foam (GF) based electrode modified by titanium dioxide nanofibers (nTiO 2 ) and nitrate reductase enzyme molecules. The porous structure of GF allows for an easy access of nTiO 2 and enzyme molecules and attach onto the interior surfaces of GF scaffolds. This provides enhanced surface area and loading capability of enzymes for catalytic reaction with nitrate ions in soil extracts. This sensor offers a superior sensitivity of 0.316 kΩ/μM/cm2, fast detection time (∼87s), and a high selectivity to nitrate ions even in presence of many interfering ions in the soil.
Lb3.261 Trends in condom use and sexual positioning among men-who-have-sex-with-men in the era of hiv pre-exposure prophylaxis, and risk for diagnoses of incident hiv and other sexually transmitted infections – new york city, 2011–2015

Introduction Men-who-have- sex-with-men (MSM) may modify sexual practices to reduce HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may impact risk behaviour and STI acquisition. Methods We matched HIV-negative MSM attending New York City (NYC) sexual health clinics during 2011–2015 to the NYC HIV registry in 01/2017. We used visit-level data to assess trends in condom use during anal sex (consistent, inconsistent, no use; referent period=3 months), overall and by sexual positioning behaviour. We examined associations between condomless (inconsistent/no use) insertive, condomless receptive, and condomless versatile sex and incident HIV or STI (chlamydia/gonorrhoea/early syphilis). We used regression with generalised estimating equations (referent group=anal sex with condoms), controlling for demographics, partner number, and STI history. Results The proportion of visits with reported consistent condom use decreased from 2011–2015 (39% to 31%%, p Conclusion We documented increases in condomless sex among a sentinel high risk group prior to and during the PrEP era. Insertive sex, perhaps perceived as a safer strategy, was associated with substantial STI risk when condoms were not consistently used. Assuring PrEP access for black MSM is critical.
Chapter 11 - Mycobacterial infections

Although the bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccines can substantially reduce the incidence of tuberculous meningitis, this disease continues to occur throughout the world. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis occurs predominantly in small children and in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In children, the disease tends to occur within several months of infection. The initial symptoms are nonspecific, and the disease is often recognized only after inflammation at the base of the brain has caused cranial nerve involvement, hydrocephalus, or vasculitis leading to infarction. Adults with HIV infection may develop either tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma. Tuberculoma is more common in adults and the presenting signs and symptoms are the same as with any space-occupying lesion of the brain. Adults with HIV infection may develop tuberculomas after antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies have been started, as part of an immune inflammatory reconstitution syndrome. Timely diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis is difficult without the use of neuroimaging. The prognosis of tuberculous meningitis correlates with the stage of clinical disease at the initiation of therapy. Corticosteroids are often an important adjunctive therapy in cases of CNS tuberculosis. CNS infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria are exceedingly rare, usually occurring in patients with general or specific immune deficits.
Effect of Flavors and Modified Risk Messages on E-cigarette Abuse Liability.

Objectives To measure e-cigarettes' abuse liability compared to conventional tobacco cigarettes under flavor and message conditions amenable to regulation. Methods Two studies used 2×2 within-subjects designs with factors of e-cigarette flavor (Study 1: tobacco vs. menthol; Study 2: cherry vs. unflavored) and message (Study 1: reduced harm vs. no message; Study 2: reduced exposure to carcinogens vs. no message) with cigarette smokers (N(total) = 36). Linear mixed effects models assessed abuse liability for tobacco products. Outcomes included the price after which consumption is zero (the maximum amount participants would pay for a tobacco product) from the multiple choice procedure (MCP) and cigarette purchase task (CPT) and demand elasticity (price sensitivity) from the CPT. Results In the MCP, the price where consumption reached zero was significantly lower in all e-cigarette conditions except tobacco flavor (message or no message) compared to cigarettes (p < .05 each). Demand elasticity was significantly higher for menthol/no message and unflavored/reduced exposure message conditions relative to cigarettes (p < .05 each). Conclusions Flavors and modified risk messages included with e-cigarettes may affect e-cigarette abuse liability among smokers, suggesting regulatory pathways to influence demand for conventional and alternative tobacco products.
Brain’s compensatory response to drug-induced cognitive impairment

Introduction: Topiramate (TPM), a frequently prescribed antiseizure medication, can cause severe cognitive side-effects. Though these side-effects have been studied behaviorally, the underlying neu...
Metodi ottimali per problemi inversi lineari e non lineari

Un problema lineare o non lineare e semplicemente un problema in cui il modello diretto e lineare o non lineare.
Use of immobilized enzymes in chemical analysis

Immobilized enzymes are becoming increasingly popular as analytical reagents because of their reusability, stability, and sensitivity to many inhibitors that would seriously interfere in assays using soluble enzymes. In this article, some of the kinetic and catalytic effects of immobilized enzymes in analysis will be discussed. The shift of the activity-pH profile curves on immobilization, the changes in temperature dependence, the inhibitor constants (Ki), Michaelis constants (Km), and the maximum velocity ( Vmax), plus others, will be discussed. Finally, the use of these immobilized enzymes in fluorometric and electrochemical monitoring systems will be shown, and the future of these reagents in various areas will be discussed. A survey of enzyme electrodes will be presented as an example of the use of immobilized enzymes. Application of immobilized enzyme technology to the assay of BUN, glucose, uric acid, amino acids, ethanol, and other metabolites will be discussed.
Husserl and Gödel on Mathematical Objects and our Access to them

I am very grateful for the invitation to give this lecture. The Vienna Circle was of great importance for philosophy in the Nordic countries, mainly through my late colleague Arne Naess and through Eino Kaila in Finland. The Circle also provided the intellectual setting for Kurt Godel’s early development.
Molecular analysis of Cotton leaf curl virus-Sudan reveals an evolutionary history of recombination.

Monopartite begomoviral DNAs (2761 bp) were cloned and sequenced from field cotton, okra, and Sida alba, from Gezira, and field okra from Shambat. Comparison of the four apparent full-length begomoviral DNAs revealed 99.3–99.5% shared nucleotide (nt) identity, indicating that they are the same viral species, hereafter, referred to as Cotton leaf curl virus-Sudan (CLCuV-SD). Host range studies revealed that the field okra isolate of CLCuV-SD was whitefly-t ransmissible from okra to okra, M. parviflora, and hollyhock, but not to cotton. In contrast, the cotton isolate of CLCuV-SD infected cotton and hollyhock, but not okra. The genome of CLCuV-SD encodes six open reading frames (ORFs), and was most closely related to other monopartite begomoviruses of the Eastern Hemisphere. CLCuV-SD shared highest nucleotide sequence identity (95.5%) with Okra enation virus (OkEV), but was distantly related (≈74% nt sequence identity) to begomoviruses isolated from cotton in Pakistan. While extensive genomic regions of CLCuV-SD and OkEV are highly conserved (≈99% nt identity), nt sequence identity of the V1 ORF encoding the coat protein was uncharacteristically low (87.9%), suggesting a history of recombination. An analysis conducted with Sawyer's GENECONV program support the recombination hypothesis, indicating that the V1 ORF and a small segment of the intergenic region of CLCuV-SD and OkEV were derived from other begomoviruses. As a BLAST analysis failed to identify a prospective extant source of either V1 ORF, the parental viruses serving as CP donors remain undiscovered or are extinct.
Prioritizing Multilingualism in U.S. Schools: States’ Policy Journeys to Enact the Seal of Biliteracy:

Fueled by immigration and globalization, the United States has evolved into a nation of linguistically diverse residents; however, English remains the dominant language in schools. A recent languag...
Evaluation of Industrial Firewall Performance Issues in Automation and Control Networks

The IEC 62443 security standards introduce the concepts of zones, conduits, and security levels as a way of segmenting and isolating the sub-systems of an industrial control network. Network segmentation logically partition the control network into separate communication zones to restrict unnecessary flow of traffic between zones of different trust level. Firewalls with deep packet inspection capabilities for filtering industrial control protocols are indispensable elements in implementing important security principles, standards, and best practices of IEC 62443. While partitioning of the industrial control network and placement of multiple firewalls at various locations provides defense in-depth against cyber-attacks, it is important to consider the impact of these firewalls on nodes distributing time critical communications. This paper attempts to (i) study network performance impact introduced by the implementation of multiple firewalls in Modbus TCP/IP industrial control networks following IEC 62443 security standards and (ii) evaluate if time constraint requirements for communications are achievable. The results reveal that the latency and jitters introduced by multilayered firewalls makes it challenging to achieve real-time communications in some industrial applications when strict IEC 62443 security standards are followed.
Institutional Risk and Firm Performance in Africa: The Moderating Role of Corruption Control†

ABSTRACTHow does institutional risk influence firm performance in Africa? While most studies focus on formal institutional risk, I argue that informal institutional risks are equally influential. C...
Discharge to Inpatient Care Facility Following Revision Posterior Lumbar Fusions-Risk Factors and Postdischarge Outcomes.

Background Recent literature has denoted care in an inpatient facility after discharge to be linked with worse outcomes after elective primary lumbar and cervical fusions. No study has explored the risk factors and associated postdischarge outcomes after discharge to inpatient facility after revision posterior lumbar fusion. Methods The 2012–2016 American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for posterior lumbar fusions (22630, 22633, 22614) combined with Current Procedural Terminology codes for revision—22830 (exploration of spinal fusion), 22849 (reinsertion of spinal fixation device), 22850 (removal of posterior nonsegmental instrumentation), and 22852 (removal of posterior segmental instrumentation). Results Of 1170 patients who underwent revision posterior lumbar fusion, 253 (21.6%) were discharged to an inpatient care facility and 917 (78.4%) were discharged to home. Significant risk factors associated with discharge to inpatient care facility were age 60–69 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.62), age ≥70 years (OR 7.46), female gender (OR 1.61), partially dependent functional health status before surgery (OR 2.94), history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.92), a length of stay >3 days (OR 3.13), and the occurrence of any predischarge complication (OR 4.10). Discharge to inpatient care facilities versus home was associated with a higher risk of experiencing any postdischarge complication (8.3% vs. 3.2%; OR 2.2). Conclusions Providers should understand the need of construction of care pathways and reducing discharge to inpatient facilities to mitigate the risks of experiencing adverse outcomes and consequently reduce the financial burden on the health care system.
Do Deauville Scores Improve the Clinical Utility of End-of-Therapy FDG PET Scans for Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma?

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of Deauville scores in interpretation of end-of-chemotherapy FDG PET scans. CONCLUSION. Deauville scores improve the clinic...
Association of Infant Temperament With Subsequent Obesity in Young Children of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Importance Infant temperament is associated with excess weight gain or childhood obesity risk in samples of healthy individuals, although the evidence has been inconsistent. To our knowledge, no prior research has examined this topic among children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero. Objective To prospectively evaluate infant temperament in association with overweight and obesity status at ages 2 to 5 years among children born to mothers who experienced GDM. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study took place at Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical centers. We studied singleton infants delivered at 35 weeks’ gestational age or later to mothers who had been diagnosed with GDM. Data were collected from 2009 to 2016, and data analysis occurred from June 2017 to October 2018. Exposures The primary exposures in the child’s first year were soothability, distress to limitations, and activity aspects of temperament, as assessed by a validated questionnaire. Modifiable covariates in the child’s first year included breastfeeding intensity and duration monthly ratio scores, along with the timing of the introduction of sugary beverages and complementary foods. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was child overweight and obesity status, assessed at ages 2 to 5 years. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for infants whose temperaments were measured at 6 to 9 weeks of age and categorized as elevated (≥75th percentile) or not elevated in the 3 domains. We controlled for nonmodifiable and modifiable covariates across models. Results A total of 382 mother-infant pairs participted, including 130 infants (34.0%) who were non-Hispanic white, 126 infants (33.0%) who were Hispanic, 96 infants (25.1%) who were Asian, 26 infants (6.8%) who were non-Hispanic black, and 4 infants (1.1%) who were of other races/ethnicities. In descriptive analyses, elevated infant soothability and activity temperaments were associated with the early introduction of 100% fruit juice and/or sugar-sweetened beverages (at ages Conclusions and Relevance Among this high-risk population of infants, elevated soothability was associated with early childhood obesity risk, perhaps in part because caregivers use sugary drinks to assuage infants. Soothability temperament may be a novel screening target for early obesity prevention interventions involving responsive feeding and emotion regulation.
Dupilumab for the treatment of severe photodermatitis

Author(s): Smith, Mary Patricia; Ly, Karen; Thibodeaux, Quinn; Beck, Kristen; Berger, Timothy; Khodosh, Rita; Liao, Wilson; Bhutani, Tina
Natural Alternative Sweeteners and Diabetes Management

The goal of this review is to discuss the data on natural alternative sweeteners and their effects on glucose homeostasis and other metabolic parameters within the past five years. We sought to answer whether common natural alternative sweeteners have a positive or negative effect on glucose control in both human and animal models, and whether the data supports their widespread use as a tool to help reduce the prevalence of diabetes and associated comorbid conditions. Recent studies suggest that natural alternative sweeteners may reduce hyperglycemia, improve lipid metabolism, and have antioxidant effects particularly in those that have baseline diabetes. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome have become a global healthcare crisis and the sugar overconsumption plays a major role. The use of artificial sweeteners has become more prevalent to improve insulin resistance in those with diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, although the evidence does not support this result. There are however some promising data to suggest that natural alternative sweeteners may be a better alternative to sugar and artificial sweeteners.
Antipsychotic Drug Interactions

A good working knowledge of the hepatic cytochrome P450 system and how it metabolizes antipsychotics helps clinicians predict drug-drug interactions. This chapter outlines a practical approach to manage the numerous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions that can cause treatment complications. Included in this chapter are sections on therapeutic drug monitoring with regard to antipsychotics (which is underused in psychiatry) and the evolving role of pharmacogenomic testing.
Short-term wind power forecasting based on BOMLS K-means similar hours Clustering method

With the continuous development of wind power in the world, the accuracy and stability of wind speed and power prediction are very important for the economic operation and safety management of power system. The proposed method consists of hybrid clustering method and ensemble learning method. Hybrid clustering method combines the advantages of equal-length and unequal-length segmentation. Sample segments with the same trend can be clustered regardless of whether they are equal in length. The selection of segmentation points can be optimized by Bayesian algorithm, which can accelerate the K-Means clustering speed and efficiency. Ensemble learning can combine multiple weak learners into a strong learner. Finally, the data from a wind farm in southern China show that the wind power forecasting method based on the above method is more effective than the single learning model method.
Lameness Locator for the Horse

The veterinarians of the University of Florida Equine Lameness & Imaging Service specialize in the treatment and rehabilitation of poor performance in sport horses. This series of one-page full color fact sheets describes various diagnostic and imaging services available for diagnosing and treating lameness issues in horses. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_series_equine_lameness_and_imaging_service
The red and the black: China’s social credit experiment as a total test environment

China's social credit system is an unusually explicit case where technology is used by multiple actors to turn human behavior into a test object on behalf of the state's goal of modifying the larger social environment, making it an intriguing setting for thinking about the new sociology of testing. This article considers how China's search for a usable "credit" score to both allocate financial resources and explicitly measure a citizen's trustworthiness creates an emergent experimental system of governance similar to, yet not quite captured by, the kinds of experimental processes observed in literature on the platform as a form of market-based governance. As a site where "seeing like a state" and "seeing like a market" converge, the social credit system is a vantage point for observing the changing relationship between moral and economic domains in an era of digital platforms. The article highlights the experimental quality of the system and its emerging system of governance structured around reward and punishment and argues that strategic ambiguity, institutionalized through the affordances of digital platforms, is an important part of the design of this large-scale social experiment.
Is the risk of substantial LVSI in stage I endometrial cancer similar to PORTEC in the North American population? - A single-institution study.

Abstract Objectives A pooled analysis of PORTEC-1 & 2 identified substantial lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in 4.8% of patients, which predicted for pelvic recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival. Our institution implemented the PORTEC three-tier system of LVSI reporting (absent, focal, or substantial). We aimed to quantify the incidence of substantial LVSI in a North American population and to correlate extent of LVSI with lymph node (LN) involvement. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients with clinically uterine-confined, endometrioid type endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging and were found to have pT1a-b disease. Binary logistic regression was used to assess predictors of LN involvement (defined as ITC, micrometastases, or macrometastases). Results In total, 438 patients with pT1a-b disease were identified. In the overall cohort and in the subset meeting PORTEC-1 inclusion criteria (n = 195), no LVSI was present in 67.4% and 50.8%; focal LVSI was present in 16.7% and 24.1%; and substantial LVSI was present in 16.0% and 25.1%, respectively. Among patients who underwent surgical LN assessment (79.2%, n = 347), LNs were involved in 3.3% without LVSI, 7.5% with focal LVSI (OR 2.4), and 15.2% with substantial LVSI (OR 5.3) (p = .005), with a similar trend in the PORTEC-1 cohort. Extent of LVSI correlated with disease burden in LN metastases. Conclusion Our incidence of substantial LVSI was three to five times higher than reported by PORTEC and correlated with LN involvement. This questions the reproducibility of the three-tier LVSI reporting system and emphasizes the need for multi-institutional data outside PORTEC for confirmation of our findings.
Die Zahnextraktion und Ihre Nachbehandlung

Was die Infektion eines Zahnes oder seiner Umgebung als mogliche Quelle einer Allgemeinerkrankung bedeutet, ist seit den Veroffentlichungen von Billings und Rosenow immer klarer geworden. Im Jahre 1910 diskutierte man nur den eigentlichen Zahnabszes. 1915 fugten wir hinzu1: pulpalose, devitalisierte, tote Zahne, Stiftzahne, wurzelamputierte, bekronte und metallgefullte Zahne, jede Pyorrhoe, namentlich wenn sie „ausgekratzt“war, endlich die nur odematosen, geroteten und schmerzhaften „Gingivitiden“, soweit sie nicht durch schlechte Ernahrung, Syphilis, Tuberkulose oder das Spirillum Vincenti bedingt waren. Gleichzeitig sagten wir, das jeder kariose Zahn, zumal wenn er gefullt sei, selbst wenn er anscheinend nicht tot sei, mit Mistrauen betrachtet werden sollte. In dieser Beziehung waren positive Befunde ein besserer Wegweiser zu dem, was getan werden muste, als „negative“Rontgenbefunde und negative bakteriologische Untersuchungen. Diese Ansicht wurde dadurch befestigt, das man in „trivialen“Munderkrankungen die allein mogliche Erklarung fur pathologische Allgemeinstorungen fand; bewiesen wurde es durch das spatere Ergehen des Patienten, das bei richtiger Behandlung sich besserte, bei falscher (etwa weiteren Auskratzungen) sich verschlimmerte.
A 0.66e − rms temporal-readout-noise 3D-stacked CMOS image sensor with conditional correlated multiple sampling (CCMS) technique

A conditional correlated multiple sampling (CCMS) technique for low noise CMOS image sensor (CIS) is proposed to reduce noise and address low frame rate issue caused by the conventional correlated multiple sampling (CMS) technique. An 8Mpixel 3D-stacked CIS with 1.1um pixel pitch is designed and verified. Measurement results show this technique can achieve 0.66e− rms at 36.1 kHz A/D sampling rate per pixel with analog gain at 16 and 5-times multiple sampling. The resulting DNL is within −0.49/+0.45LSB.
The Turing Test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence

Origins of the Articles. Preface. 1: History. The Turing Test B. J. Copeland. Turing Test: 50 Years Later A.P. Saygin, I. Cicekli, V. Akman. 2: Interpretation. Turing's Two Tests for Intelligence S.G. Sterrett. Making the Right Identification in the Turing Test S. Traiger. Turing's Rules for the Imitation Game G. Piccinini. 3: Criticism. Passing Loebner's Turing Test: A Case of Conflicting Discourse Functions S. Zdenek. The Constructibility of Artificial Intelligence (as Defined by the Turing Test) B. Edmonds. Intelligence is not Enough: On the Socialization of Talking Machines E.M.A. Ronald. 4: Defense. How to Pass a Turing Test W.J. Rapaport. Look Who's Moving the Goal Posts Now L. Hauser. The Status and Future of the Turing Test J.H. Moor. 5: Alternatives. Creativity, the Turing Test, and the (Better) Lovelace Test S. Bringsjord, P. Bello, D. Ferrucci. The Cartesian Test for Automatism G.J. Erion. Minds, Machines and Turing S. Harnad.
Selecting Infrared Absorption Lines-with Innocuous Neighbors

Whether two neighboring infrared absorption lines, both in the square-root region of the curve of growth, are nearly free of mutual intrusion or so overlapped as to nearly coincide over a broad range of experimental conditions and line parameters is formulated. We also are able to estimate the unsullied equivalent width of the collision-broadened line pair at these limits. This should greatly extend the number of isolated infrared vibration–rotation band members that may be measured and tested for the validity of assigned line parameters and tested for the assumed Lorentz shape. The experimentally reported strong water lines at ν0 = 1429.96 cm−1, 1447.98 cm−1, and 1464.93 cm−1 in the 6.3-μ band are confirmed to be independent of their strong neighbors.
Zero emissions of CO2 during the production of liquid fuel from coal and natural gas by combining Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with catalytic dehydrogenation

Abstract Synthesis gas (syngas) produced by coal gasification typically has H 2 /CO molar ratios in the range of 0.5–1.0. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of liquid fuels requires syngas with H 2 /CO ⩾ 2.0. Traditionally, this has achieved by the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction. In an earlier paper, it was shown that large reductions in CO 2 emissions can be achieved by producing the required H 2 by catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) of the gaseous (C1–C4) products of FTS, rather than by the WGS reaction. In addition to producing pure H 2 , CDH converts the C in (C1–C4) gases into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), a valuable by-product. The current paper builds on this concept. It is shown that zero emissions of CO 2 can be achieved by the FTS-CDH process if methane derived from natural gas is injected into the CDH reactor in appropriate amounts.
Treatment of a Patient with an Adenosine-Sensitive Ventricular Tachycardia Using Digoxin

Digitalis and Ventricular Tachycardia. Digoxin was used to treat a patient with an adenosine-sensitive ventricular arrhythmia. The patient had an exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia that was evaluated electrophysiologically and displayed characteristics of a triggered arrhythmia. The tachycardia was terminated reproducibly with 12 mg of intravenous adenosine. After treatment with digoxin (serum level = 1.7 ng/mL), the arrhythmia could no longer be initiated with programmed electrical stimulation or exercise treadmill testing. The patient has since remained symptom free for 10 months. The autonomic effects of digitalis are proposed to mediate drug efficacy in this form of ventricular tachycardia.
The preparation of [15N,15N′]- and [4,4′-13C2]-4,4′-dichloroazobenzene and [15N, 15N′]-4-chloroazobenzene

Syntheses of specifically labelled [15N,15N′]- and [4,4′-13C2]-4,4′-dichloroazobenzene and [15N, 15N′]-4-chloroazobenzene have been accomplished.
Mate Choice in Adult Female Bengalese Finches: Females Express Consistent Preferences for Individual Males and Prefer Female-Directed Song Performances

In the process of mate selection by female songbirds, male suitors advertise their quality through reproductive displays in which song plays an important role. Females evaluate the quality of each signal and the associated male, and the results of that evaluation guide expression of selective courtship displays. Some studies reveal broad agreement among females in their preferences for specific signal characteristics, indicating that those features are especially salient in female mate choice. Other studies reveal that females differ in their preference for specific characteristics, indicating that in those cases female evaluation of signal quality is influenced by factors other than simply the physical properties of the signal. Thus, both the physical properties of male signals and specific traits of female signal evaluation can impact female mate choice. Here, we characterized the mate preferences of female Bengalese finches. We found that calls and copulation solicitation displays are equally reliable indicators of female preference. In response to songs from an array of males, each female expressed an individual-specific song preference, and those preferences were consistent across tests spanning many months. Across a population of females, songs of some males were more commonly preferred than others, and females preferred female-directed songs more than undirected songs, suggesting that some song features are broadly attractive. Preferences were indistinguishable for females that did or did not have social experience with the singers, indicating that female preference is strongly directed by song features rather than experiences associated with the singer. Analysis of song properties revealed several candidate parameters that may influence female evaluation. In an initial investigation of those parameters, females could be very selective for one song feature yet not selective for another. Therefore, multiple song parameters are evaluated independently. Together these findings reveal the nature of signal evaluation and mate choice in this species.