cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Genuine Article”: Ethnicity, Capital, and The Rise of David Levinsky

At the close of the novel detailing his climb to "the height of... business success," the first-person narrator of Abraham Cahan's The Rise of David Levinsky (1917) asserts, "my sense of triumph is coupled with a brooding sense of emptiness and insignificance, of my lack of anything like a great, deep interest" (529). Similar announcements of a feeling of meaninglessness have followed each of Levinsky's financial leaps. A first question Levinsky's narrative suggests might be whether, when an apparently contradictory element such as a sense of insignificance is "coupled with" financial triumph, the sense of insignificance functions as a sign of the financial triumph, a cultural mark of distinction that complements and represents the accumulation of economic capital. This essay will argue that rather than undercutting his American rise, as is often claimed by readers of Cahan's novel and related immigrant stories from the period, the specific forms of Levinsky's self-division work as primary mechanisms of the rise, in both its cultural and economic aspects. Throughout his career Levinsky locates two positions within himself. Although the actual contents of these two internal positions shift, their arrangement remains the same: one position is aligned with a material dimension-base, but necessary-of Levinsky's life, while the other is defined as somehow distinct from that material dimension. Levinsky's repeated stagings within himself of this same opposition, between materiality and something else that is defined as distinct from it, depend above all on his varying the element that occupies the slot of materiality: Levinsky alternately identifies as basely material his business successes and ambitions, his body, his nonstandard English, and later his too-eager showing off of correct English, for example. After detailing how Levinsky's productions of this particular structure of self-difference assist both his economic and his cultural rise, I will focus on his placement of his own ethnicity into the category he has aligned with
Using a ventilation controller to optimise residential passive ventilation for energy and indoor air quality

Abstract One way to reduce the energy impact of providing residential ventilation is to use passive and hybrid systems. However, these passive and hybrid (sometimes called mixed-mode) systems must still meet chronic and acute health standards for ventilation. This study uses a computer simulation approach to examine the energy and indoor air quality (IAQ) implications of passive and hybrid ventilation systems, in 16 California climate zones. Both uncontrolled and flow controlled passive stacks are assessed. A new hybrid ventilation system is outlined that uses an intelligent ventilation controller to minimise energy use, while ensuring chronic and acute IAQ standards are met. ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2010 – the United States standard for residential ventilation – is used as the chronic standard, and exposure limits for PM2.5, formaldehyde and NO2 are used as the acute standards. The results show that controlled passive ventilation and hybrid ventilation can be used in homes to provide equivalent IAQ to continuous mechanical ventilation, for less use of energy. On average, the controlled passive system saved 6% of ventilation-related energy compared to the mechanical system, while the hybrid system saved 24%. We also show that passive systems benefit greatly from maximum flow controllers that limit over-ventilation, and we provide guidance on the appropriate sizing of passive stacks.
Sr/Mg variation during rock-water interaction: implications for secular changes in the elemental chemistry of ancient seawater

Prior studies have recently demonstrated a positive linear covariance in the Sr and Mg contents of abiotic marine carbonates such that the slope of this relation is dependent upon the Sr/Mg ratio of seawater at the time of precipitation. Samples of ancient abiotic marine calcite cements that have undergone diagenesis through alteration by meteoric waters exhibit similar linear trends that range from primary marine ratios to low values that converge to zero. Thus, Sr/Mg ratios in diagenetic precipitates are potential proxies for the reconstruction of past variations in the elemental chemistry of ancient seawater. To expand upon limited existing Sr/Mg data, late Silurian and middle Triassic abiotic calcite cements were analyzed for stable isotope and minor element compositions. Silurian cements from the Pipe Creek Junior Quarry, Grant County, Indiana, show a linear covariance of Sr and Mg concentrations expressed by the following relationship: Sr/Ca = 0.0306 (±0.0091) Mg/Ca + 2.349 × 10−6 (±5.812 × 10−5). Triassic cements from the Cozzo di Lupo Formation, Sicily, Italy, exhibit a linear covariance given by: Sr/Ca = 0.0103 (±0.0009) Mg/Ca + 3.818 × 10−5 (±2.800 × 10−5). To evaluate the mechanisms by which Sr/Mg ratios are preserved in diagenetic calcite, a progressive rock-water interaction model was employed that traces the simultaneous evolution of δ13C, δ18O, Sr, and Mg contents of both fluid and solid phases. Results from modeling indicate that the Sr/Mg ratio of diagenetic calcite is primarily controlled by the ratio of distribution coefficients for Sr and Mg in calcite. When DSr/DMg is equal to unity, covariance of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in diagenetic calcite is linear, with a slope equivalent to the Sr/Mg value of the original dissolved solid phase. When DSr/DMg deviates from unity, the incorporation of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in diagenetic precipitates becomes progressively non-linear. A general agreement of theoretical and empirical results for Pliocene abiotic calcite cements of Frank and Lohmann (1996) indicates that model simulations adequately represent natural diagenetic settings. Additionally, at rock-water ratios where δ13C has converged to and δ18O has shifted toward original rock composition, elemental contents, and thus the Sr/Mg ratio, are effectively preserved. Thus, retention of original Sr/Mg chemistries is possible across a broad range of rock-water ratios, even where primary δ18O values have been significantly modified. Given the correlation between theoretical and empirical Sr/Mg results, we suggest that variation in the Sr/Mg composition of abiotic calcite cements reflect fluctuations in the Sr/Mg chemistry of ancient seawater.
Factors affecting participation in a breast cancer risk reduction telephone survey among women from four racial/ethnic groups

Abstract Background . Little is known about the participation of minorities in health behavior research. This manuscript assesses factors associated with participation among women in four racial/ethnic groups. Methods . A total of 2800 Asian/Pacific Islander (API), Black, Latina, and non-Latina White women recruited through the San Francisco Mammography Registry was invited in 2002 and 2003 to participate in a telephone survey about breast cancer prevention. Results . Minorities participated at lower rates (49% for APIs, 60% for Latinas, and 64% for Blacks) than Whites (77%). Increased participation was associated with younger age for Latinas (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.05–3.44) and Whites (OR = 1.77, CI 1.08–2.91), and with a family history of breast cancer for APIs (OR = 2.09, CI 1.24–3.52). Decreased participation was associated with having less than a high school education for APIs (OR = 0.47, CI 0.26–0.86), Blacks (OR = 0.29, CI 0.11–0.78), and Latinas (OR = 0.51, CI 0.28–0.94). Conclusions . Results suggest minorities' participation in health behavior research does not match Whites' and should be enhanced.
The Interactin of Huntingtin Exon1 with Lipid Bilayers is Regulated by polyQ Length and polyQ Flanking Sequences

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is defined by the accumulation of nanoscale aggregates comprised of the huntingtin (htt) protein. Aggregation is directly caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain near the N-terminus of htt, leading to a diverse population of aggregate species, including oligomers and fibrils. Furthermore, the length of the polyQ domain is directly related to onset and severity of disease. The first 17 amino acids on the N-terminus (N17) and the polyproline (polyP) domain on the C-terminal side of the polyQ domain have been shown to further modulate the aggregation process. Additionally, N17 appears to have lipid binding properties as htt interacts with a variety of membrane-containing structures present in cells, such as organelles, and interactions with these membrane surfaces may further modulate htt aggregation. To investigate the interaction between htt exon1 and lipid bilayers, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to directly monitor the aggregation of htt exon1 constructs with varying polyQ-length or synthetic peptides with different combinations of polyQ domain flanking sequences associated with htt exon1 on supported lipid membranes comprised of total brain lipid extract. The exon1 fragments accumulated on the lipid membranes, causing disruption of the membrane, in a polyQ-length dependent manner. By adding N-terminal tags to the htt exon1 fragments, the interaction with the lipid bilayer was impeded. Synthetic peptides lacking the N17 flanking sequence had no appreciable interaction with lipid bilayers. Interestingly, polyQ peptides with the N17 flanking sequence interacted with the bilayer. This interaction was further modulated by the addition of the polyP domain.
Streamlining the evaluation of low back pain in children.

The workup of low back pain in children often results in overimaging so as not to miss organic back pain. The primary goal of this study was to identify which combination of imaging modalities provides the most sensitive and specific screening protocol for children with low back pain. Medical records from 100 consecutive patients between 2 and 18 years of age presenting with low back pain, without night pain or constitutional symptoms, were evaluated. A hyperextension test combined with a radiograph showed a negative predictive value of 0.81 and sensitivity of 0.90. The addition of a bone scan was highly effective in achieving good negative predictive value and sensitivity. Bone scans had perfect negative predictive value and sensitivity when symptom duration was less than 6 weeks. We identified a set of factors that is highly predictive for distinguishing organic back pain from mechanical back pain. Painless hyperextension combined with negative anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique lumbar radiographs and magnetic resonance images predicts mechanical back pain. For patients with nonneurologic back pain of less than 6 weeks duration, bone scan is the most useful screening test because it is accurate, accessible, inexpensive, and unlikely to require sedation. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
RECURSIVE FILTERING FOR SYSTEMS WITH SMALL BUT NONNEGLIGIBLE NONLINEARITIES

Abstract : Linear estimation theory has been applied extensively to nonlinear systems by assuming that perturbations from a reference solution can be described by linear equations. As long as the second order (and higher) terms in the perturbation equations are negligible, linear estimation techniques have been found to yield satisfactory response. Many examples have been encountered in which the linear theory is not satisfactory, however, and it is to this situation that attention is directed here. Time-discrete systems in which the second order effects are small but nonnegligible are considered. Recursion relations for the conditional mean and covariance are developed. While these relations yield approximations to the true values of these moments, they are superior to the approximations provided by applying linear theory to a nonlinear system. Some results for a simple system are presented in which the response from linear and nonlinear filters is compared.
Training voluntary motor suppression with real-time feedback of motor evoked potentials

Training people to suppress motor representations voluntarily could improve response control. We evaluated a novel training procedure of real-time feedback of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) generat...
Photoacoustic endoscopy using polymer microring resonators

We designed and fabricated a probe for endoscopic photoacoustic imaging with a structure that includes an optical fiber to deliver laser pulses and polymer microring resonators on transparent fused silica substrate. To calibrate the performance of the probe, a 6 μm carbon fiber embedded in an agarose gel phantom was imaged. At a depth of 2.7 mm from the probe edge, radial resolution up to 21 μm and transverse resolution of 750 μm were obtained. Transverse resolution can be improved using fibers with small core sizes. Experimental results show that the devised probe has potential for high-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy.
The true discerner as a potent source of positive affect

Abstract The present study investigated the role of discerning evaluations, as opposed to discriminating evaluations per se, in producing the “gain effect” described in Aronson and Linder's (1965) gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction. Reasoning that a discriminator is not truly a discerner unless his credibility is greater than that of a nondiscriminator, it was predicted that a gain effect would be obtained only if a discriminator's interpersonal judgments were perceived as being more credible than a nondiscriminator's. The results showed that in a condition (Comparison Judgment) designed to differentiate a discriminator and nondiscriminator in terms of credibility a negative-positive evaluator (the true discerner) was liked significantly more (t=2.66) than a positive-positive evaluator. In a condition (No Comparison Judgment) designed to exclude credibility as a factor, a nondiscriminating (positive-positive) evaluator was liked more than a discriminating (negative-positive) evaluator.
A TWO-HOUR, SINGLE-STEP RT-PCR PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF RNA-VIRUS

A rapid protocol of RT-PCR for the detection of RNA-Virus, Mouse Hepatitis Virus, was developed. An Idaho Air-Thermal Cycler was used with 5 mM Mg CI2 in the buffer so that both RT and PCR steps can be run in one tube and the total detection time is less than two hours.
Rydberg excitation assisted light shift blockade in Rb atoms for realizing a collective state quantum bit and quantum memory

Previously, we had proposed the technique of light shift imbalance induced blockade which leads to a condition where a collection of non-interacting atoms under laser excitation remains combined to a superposition of the ground and the fist excited states, thus realizing a collective state quantum bit which in turn can be used to realize a quantum computer. In this paper, we show first that the light shift imbalance by itself is actually not enough to produce such a blockade, and explain the reason by the limitation of our previous analysis had reached this constraint. We then show that by introducing Rydberg interaction, it is possible to achieve such a blockade for a wide range of parameters. Analytic arguments used to establish these results are confirmed by numerical simulations. The fidelity of coupled quantum gates based on such collective state qubits is highly insensitive to the exact number of atoms in the ensemble. As such, this approach may prove be viable for scalable quantum computing based on neutral atoms.
Influence of experimental conditions on the extraction of phenolic compounds from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes using a pressurized liquid extractor

The influence of six pressurized liquid extraction parameters (temperature, pressure, particle size, flush volume, static time, and solid-to-solvent ratio) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from parsley flakes was examined. Parsley extracts were analyzed for their phenolic content by high performance liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The two major phenolic compounds extracted from parsley flakes were identified as apiin and malonyl-apiin. Particle size, solid-to-solvent ratio, and temperature influenced the amount of phenolic compounds extracted from parsley flakes. Higher extraction yields of phenolic compounds were obtained when extractions were performed with the smallest particle size (<0.425 mm) fraction. Temperature also showed a significant impact on the phenolic profile of the parsley extracts. The yield of malonyl-apiin decreased, while the amount of acetyl-apiin improved with the increase in extraction temperature. The latter compound (acetyl-apiin) is formed by decarboxylation of malonyl-apiin. The yield of the phenolic compounds did not increase proportionately with the increase in sample size, thereby suggesting that it is essential to have optimum solid-to-solvent ratio for accurate estimation of bioactive phytochemicals in foods. Flush volume did not show any major influence on phenolic yields, but it can be manipulated to reduce usage of extraction solvents, which in turn decreases solvent waste disposal costs generated after extraction. Similarly, changes in the static time (extraction time per cycle) and pressure did not result in any significant change in the yield of phenolic compounds extracted from parsley samples. However, sample throughput can be increased significantly by reducing static time.
Heat Release Studies in a Divided-Chamber Diesel Engine

The influences of operational parameters on the heat release and heat transfer characteristics of a divided-chamber diesel engine were examined. Increasing the fuel-air ratio increased the heat release rate, as expected, and increased the duration of combustion. Near the beginning and end of combustion the mass-burned rate was found to increase in direct proportion to an increase of engine speed. In contrast, in the central part of the combustion duration, the mass-burned rate was found to increase at a higher rate than engine speed. For motored conditions, the computed area-averaged heat-flux histories were found to be in reasonable agreement with the corresponding measured local heat-flux histories.
Interrater reliability of criteria used in assessing blunt head injury patients for intracranial injuries.

OBJECTIVE To determine the interrater reliability of potential predictor variables that may be used to construct a clinical decision rule for emergency computed tomography of the head in blunt head injury victims. METHODS As a substudy of the NEXUS II study of blunt head trauma, physicians from 21 different emergency departments performed paired evaluations of patients undergoing computed tomography of the head after blunt head injury. Each physician independently determined, for each subject, the presence or absence of each of 19 separate clinical characteristics. The physicians were either residents or attending physicians in the participating emergency departments. Paired responses on a sample of 3,951 patients were compared for raw level of agreement and for interrater concordance using the kappa statistic. If the lower margin of the 95% confidence interval for raw agreement was at least 85% and was equal to or greater than 0.50 for kappa, this was predetermined to represent substantial interrater agreement. RESULTS There was substantial interobserver agreement by both measures for 17 of the 19 candidate variables in patients with blunt head trauma. Interobserver agreement was substantial for all candidate variables except presence of seizure (kappa = 0.57 [95% CI = 0.47 to 0.67]; raw agreement = 96.5%) and abnormal cerebellar function (kappa = 0.54 [95% CI = 0.41 to 0.67]; raw agreement = 96.5%). CONCLUSIONS The clinicians in our study had a substantial level of agreement regarding most clinical criteria assessed in this large sample of patients with blunt head injury.
Multi-layer and composite structures for advanced coatings

Hard coatings over metallic substrates are used in many applications. The elastic properties of the coating and of the substrate cannot, in general, be matched. This can lead to high stresses at the film-substrate interface in heavily loaded contacts and increase the risk of coating failure. By interposing stiff metallic layers between the hard coating and the compliant substrate, the interface stress problem can be greatly reduced. We explore this option in this paper using the displacement formulation of two-dimensional elasticity theory. A fundamental solution to the edge-loaded semi-infinite solid is first obtained. Since the superposition principle holds, any contact loading can be represented in terms of a Fourier integral and all quantities of design interest, displacements and stresses within the composite, can be determined immediately. This approach is followed and is illustrated with uniform normal and shear stresses applied at a contact. Calculated results are presented and discussed from the tribological applications perspective. It is shown that by depositing a relatively thin film of a stiff metallic layer, the magnitude of the hardcoat-compliant substrate interface stresses can be greatly reduced, and coating reliability can be significantly enhanced. Quantitative results are presented and discussed for a typical hardcoat, such as TiN, laid over a metallic substrate which is five times more compliant. A thin molybdenum interlayer is shown to reduce substantially the hardcoat-metal interface stresses. We close by suggesting that a basis now exists to design advanced coatings comprising many layers to meet a variety of functional requirements.
The use of phospholipase C in the study of receptors for neuromuscular blocking agents.

— Segments of diaphragmatic muscle and cerebral nerve-ending particles from the rat were treated exhaustively (180 min) with high concentrations of phospholipase C (300 μg/ml) (EC 3.1.4.3). This enzyme caused loss of approx. 50 per cent of muscle membrane P and 70 per cent of nerve-ending membrane P. At lower concentrations (3 μg/ml; 180 min), phospholipase C released 25 per cent muscle membrane P and 55 per cent of nerve-ending membrane P. At the lower concentration (3 μg/ml; 180 min), the enzyme caused a slow but progressive loss (90 per cent) of muscle twitch amplitude evoked by nerve stimulation (phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation). Loss of muscle twitch amplitude was notably slowed by removal of the enzyme. Phospholipase C-treated neuromuscular junctions developed no resistance to hemicholinium, botulinum toxin, or d-tubocurarine. Such preparations were unusually sensitive to the neuromuscular blocking action of di-isopropylfluorophosphate. The data do not encourage a belief that phospholipids which are substrates for phospholipase C are receptors for hemicholinium, botulinum toxin, d-tubocurarine or di-isopropylfluorophosphate.
Identification of PDCL3 as a Novel Chaperone Protein Involved in the Generation of Functional VEGF Receptor 2

Angiogenesis, a hallmark step in tumor metastasis and ocular neovascularization, is driven primarily by the function of VEGF ligand on one of its receptors, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Central to the proliferation and ensuing angiogenesis of endothelial cells, the abundance of VEGFR-2 on the surface of endothelial cells is essential for VEGF to recognize and activate VEGFR-2. We have identified phosducin-like 3 (PDCL3, also known as PhLP2A), through a yeast two-hybrid system, as a novel protein involved in the stabilization of VEGFR-2 by serving as a chaperone. PDCL3 binds to the juxtamembrane domain of VEGFR-2 and controls the abundance of VEGFR-2 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. PDCL3 increases VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and is required for VEGFR-2-dependent endothelial capillary tube formation and proliferation. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence for the role of PDCL3 in angiogenesis and establishes the molecular mechanism by which it regulates VEGFR-2 expression and function. Background: Angiogenesis is primarily driven by the VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR-2. Results: We have identified PDCL3 as a novel chaperone protein involved in angiogenesis by regulating expression of VEGFR-2. Conclusion: PDCL3 activity is required for angiogenesis. Significance: Targeting PDCL3 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy to block angiogenesis and tumor growth.
Perineal hernia repair with acellular dermal graft and suture anchor fixation

Perineal hernia is an infrequent complication of abdominoperineal resection, but can be problematic. Multiple surgical approaches to the repair of perineal hernia have been described, including abdominal, perineal, and combined methods; most feature the use of a prosthetic mesh. We report a case wherein a large perineal hernia was reduced via an abdominal approach, and then repaired by the placement of an acellular dermal graft (DermaMatrix) fixated anteriorly directly to the pubis with Mitek suture anchors.
Improving the precision of the structure-function relationship by considering phylogenetic context.

Understanding the relationship between protein structure and function is one of the foremost challenges in post-genomic biology. Higher conservation of structure could, in principle, allow researchers to extend current limitations of annotation. However, despite significant research in the area, a precise and quantitative relationship between biochemical function and protein structure has been elusive. Attempts to draw an unambiguous link have often been complicated by pleiotropy, variable transcriptional control, and adaptations to genomic context, all of which adversely affect simple definitions of function. In this paper, I report that integrating genomic information can be used to clarify the link between protein structure and function. First, I present a novel measure of functional proximity between protein structures (F-score). Then, using F-score and other entirely automatic methods measuring structure and phylogenetic similarity, I present a three-dimensional landscape describing their inter-relationship. The result is a “well-shaped” landscape that demonstrates the added value of considering genomic context in inferring function from structural homology. A generalization of methodology presented in this paper can be used to improve the precision of annotation of genes in current and newly sequenced genomes.
Differential alterations of cortical cholinergic and neurotensin markers following ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis

The present study determined whether cortical cholinergic neurons recover functionally following the loss of afferent projections from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm). At various time points following ibotenic acid lesions of the nbm, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity or the capacity of cortical cholinergic neurons to synthesize [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) from the precursor molecule [3H]choline were measured in the frontoparietal cortex. First, cortical ChAT activity was decreased by 21% and 35% on the side ipsilateral to the lesion at 1 and 2 weeks following the nbm lesion, respectively. By 6 weeks following nbm lesions, cortical ChAT activity returned to control levels and remained at control levels at 10 weeks following nbm lesions. However, by 13 weeks following nbm lesions, we observed a 21% increase in ChAT activity on the side ipsilateral to the lesion. ChAT activity in the nbm remained unchanged over the time course studied. Secondly, there was a parallel reduction (by 43%) in the capacity of frontoparietal cortex slices from the side ipsilateral to the lesion to synthesize [3H]ACh by 2 weeks following nbm lesions. By 13 weeks following the lesion there was a significant increase (29%) in the synthetic capacity of cortical cholinergic neurons compared to the 2 week time point. Third, the content of neurotensin in the frontoparietal cortex was significantly decreased by 25% and 36%, at 2 weeks and 13 weeks following nbm lesions, respectively. Neurotensin levels in the nbm were not affected by ibotenic acid lesions. In contrast, [125I]neurotensin binding sites in the frontal or parietal cortex were not altered at 2 weeks following nbm lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The postconcussion syndrome after mild head trauma: is brain damage overdiagnosed? Part 1

Many investigators attribute the postconcussion syndrome following mild closed head injury to permanent brain damage. The evidence supporting this conclusion is reviewed, including the force necessary to cause permanent brain damage; the basis for determining whether the patient was exposed to sufficient force in the accident to permanently damage the brain; the basis for determining whether the patient actually has permanent brain damage (not just brain dysfunction) traceable to the accident; and whether the location and severity of brain damage is sufficient to account for the postconcussion syndrome. Conclusion: the evidence for permanent traumatic brain damage as the cause of the postconcussion syndrome following mild closed head injury is weak.
A parallel algorithm for the arbitrary rotation of digitized images using process-and-data-decomposition approach

Abstract A parallel algorithm for the rotation of digitized images is presented. The parallelism used is of a type that is not commonly realized by parallel algorithm designers. This algorithm can be regarded as a process-and-data-decomposition type of algorithm. This is the decomposition of a process into a number of subprocesses and the allocation of each subprocess to a processor for execution, together with the decomposition of data into smaller portions and the allocation of each portion to a processor for execution. The algorithm is targeted at an MIMD machine mad eup of transputers.
Mucinous Tumors of the Ovary: Current Thoughts on Diagnosis and Management

Mucinous tumors of the ovary represent a spectrum of neoplastic disorders, including benign mucinous cystadenoma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous tumors of low malignant potential (borderline), and invasive mucinous ovarian carcinoma. These tumors are related closely to each other and are distinct from other histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian neoplasms from a clinical, histologic, and molecular standpoint. A continuum appears to be present from benign to borderline to malignant, which is different from other types of epithelial ovarian cancer. Mutational profiles are also distinct, as KRAS mutations are common, but p53 and BRCA mutations are infrequent. These characteristics lead to specific biologic behavior and guide both clinical management and research efforts in patients with mucinous ovarian tumors.
Purification of estradiol receptor from rat uterus and blockade of its estrogen-binding function by specific antibody.

Abstract Protein fractions which selectively bind 3H-estradiol-17β have been isolated from rat uterus by gel filtration and repeated ion-exchange chromatography. The purified preparation of major activity migrates essentially as a single component upon disc gel electrophoresis at pH 8.1 and 4.5, or on immunoelectrophoresis. Antireceptor γ-globulin selectively abolishes the estrogen-binding peak which characteristically sediments at “9.5 S ” on sucrose gradient centrifugation.
A Relationship Between Output Symbol Occurrence Rate and Observability of Autonomous Machines

A bound is derived on the number of low-weight sequences an L-step observable nonsingular-autonomous finite-state machine is capable of producing.
The Use of Peer-Mediated Interventions to Promote the Generalization of Social Competence for Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome.

Impairments in social competence are core deficits for individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger's Syndrome (HFA/AS). As the incidence rate for these disorders continues to increase so does the urgency to identify evidence-based interventions that can remediate core deficits in order to provide these individuals with independence as well as an enhanced quality of life. If not remediated, skill deficits can have extensive cost for the individual, families, and society as a whole. Although the social competence literature shows that individuals with HFA/AS can acquire social skills, these skills often do not consistently generalize into natural environments. Peer-mediated interventions have proven successful in teaching a number of social behaviors to individuals with autism and have also shown to promote generalization and maintenance. This study is one of the first to investigate the impact of two peer-mediated interventions on the generalization of social interaction skills acquired in a scho...
Cerebro-cerebellar interactions in man: neurophysiological studies in patients with focal cerebellar lesions

Recently Ugawa and co-workers reported that motor cortex excitability after magnetic stimulation in man can be reduced by coupling an electrical transcranial stimulus over the base of the skull. They hypothesised that the motor cortex inhibition observed was determined by activation of cerebellar structures. Nevertheless, the paradigm employed did not allow to exclude interference from extracerebellar structures due to spread of the electrical stimulus. In order to ascertain the role of the cerebellum in determining the modulation of the motor cortex excitability we examined, in 10 normal subjects and in 2 patients with unilateral cerebellar lesions, the effects of electrical stimuli over the base of the skull on the motor responses evoked by cortical magnetic stimulation. In both patients no inhibition of motor responses was present in the muscles ipsilateral to the lesion, whereas an inhibition, similar to that observed in controls, was evident on the opposite side. The present findings suggest the cerebellar origin of the motor effects seen after electrical stimulation of the base of the skull and further clarify the physiological cerebro-cerebellar interactions in man.
Simulation of Unsteady Flow in Nozzle-Ejector Mixer

A numerical-simulation capability is developed with emphasis on capturing the  ow and acoustic disturbances in internal  ows. The con guration considered is that of a circular ejector with single-element primary nozzle. The Favre- ltered Navier–Stokes equations with a subgrid model are used to simulate the large-scale structure. The high-order dispersion-relation-preserving scheme is used to minimize dispersion and dissipation errors. Special boundary treatments are adopted for in ow, out ow, and solid walls to eliminate nonphysical re ections. Results show the growth of the disturbances, the formation of weak shock-cell structures, and the propagation of acoustic waves.
DNA replication in ultraviolet light irradiated Chinese hamster cells: the nature of replicon inhibition and post-replication repair.

Abstract DNA replication in ultraviolet light irradiated Chinese hamster cells was studied using techniques of DNA fiber autoradiography and alkaline sucrose sedimentation. Bidirectionally growing replicons are observed in the autoradiograms independent of the irradiation conditions. After a dose of 5 J/m 2 at 254 nm the rate of fork progression is the same as in unirradiated cells, while the rate of replication is reduced by 50%. After a dose of 10 J/m 2 the rate of fork progression is reduced 40%, while the replication rate is only 25% of normal. Therefore, at low doses of ultraviolet light irradiation, the inhibition of DNA replication is due to a reduction in the number of functioning replicons, while at higher doses the rate of fork progression is also slowed. Those replicons which no longer function after irradiation are blocked in fork movement rather than replicon initiation. After irradiation, pulse label is first incorporated into short nascent strands, the average size of which is approximately equal to the distance between pyrimidine dimers. Under conditions where post-replication repair occurs these short strands are eventually joined into larger pieces. Finally, the data show that slowing post-replication repair with caffeine does not slow fork movement. The results presented here support the post-replication repair model of “gapped synthesis” ( Rupp & Howard-Flanders, 1968 ) and rule out a major role for “replicative bypass” ( Higgins et al. , 1976 ; Fujiwara & Tatsumi, 1976 ).
Appendectomy timing: Waiting until the next morning increases the risk of surgical site infections

Objective:To investigate the association between time from admission to appendectomy (TTA) and the incidence of perforation and infectious complications.Background:Immediate appendectomy to prevent perforation has been challenged by recent studies supporting a semielective approach to acute appendic
Ablation of the Proapoptotic Genes Chop or Ask1 Does Not Prevent or Delay Loss of Visual Function in a P23H Transgenic Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa

The P23H mutation in rhodopsin (RhoP23H) is a prevalent cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. We examined the role of the ER stress proteins, Chop and Ask1, in regulating the death of rod photoreceptors in a mouse line harboring the RhoP23H rhodopsin transgene (GHL+). We used knockout mice models to determine whether Chop and Ask1 regulate rod survival or retinal degeneration. Electrophysiological recordings showed similar retinal responses and sensitivities for GHL+, GHL+/Chop−/− and GHL+/Ask1−/− animals between 4–28 weeks, by which time all three mouse lines exhibited severe loss of retinal function. Histologically, ablation of Chop and Ask1 did not rescue photoreceptor loss in young animals. However, in older mice, a regional protective effect was observed in the central retina of GHL+/Chop−/− and GHL+/Ask1−/−, a region that was severely degenerated in GHL+ mice. Our results show that in the presence of the RhoP23H transgene, the rate of decline in retinal sensitivity is similar in Chop or Ask1 ablated and wild-type retinas, suggesting that these proteins do not play a major role during the acute phase of photoreceptor loss in GHL+ mice. Instead they may be involved in regulating secondary pathological responses such as inflammation that are upregulated during later stages of disease progression.
P-V-T relations in a series of longitudinal polymer liquid crystals with varying mesogen concentration

Abstract Pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) relationships were determined for polymer liquid crystal (PLC) solids and melts up to 400°C and 240 J cm−3. We have studied a series of longitudinal PLC copolymers with the formula PET/xPHB, where PET = poly(ethylene terephthalate), PHB = p-hydroxyben-zoic acid (the LC component), with the mole fractions of the LC component 0 ≥ x > 0.8. The P-V-T results are represented by the Hartmann equation of state and its characteristic parameters ν∗, T ∗ and P ∗ evaluated. In both solid and liquid phases the ν ∗ (x) and T ∗ (x) curves show minima near the concentration θLC limit above which islands of the LC-rich phase are formed. Surface tensions of melts are calculated as a function of x from the P-V-T data for the liquid state using the theory of Prigogine and Patterson. Increasing x first causes lowering of the cohesion of the single-phase structure dominated by the flexible PET. Above θLC limit the islands appear to impart their orientation to both phases; this is the channeling effect predicted earlier from the Flory statistical-mechanical theory of PLCs (Blonski et al., Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 84)
Molecular Models for the Intercalation of Methane Hydrate Complexes in Montmorillonite Clay

Molecular simulations were performed to determine the structure and behavior of methane and H2O in the interlayer of various montmorillonite clays. Molecular dynamics using NPT ensembles and large simulation supercellscomprised of Na-, K-, Ca-, and Mg-montmorillonite with methane and H2Oprovide all-atom trajectories for simulation times up to 200 ps. Simulated X-ray diffraction patterns for the equilibrated structures exhibit basal (001) d-values that range from 23 A to 24 A. Radial distribution functions for carbon−carbon, oxygen−oxygen, and carbon−oxygen derived from the trajectories indicate an interlayer structure that is different from the bulk methane hydrate and from methane in aqueous solution. Some order of the methane hydrate structure is preserved within the interlayer and is related to the formation of methane clathrate structures with H2O and the clay surfaces and the formation of a hydrogen-bonded network in the interlayer. The theoretical results support the recent experimental observation ...
How do musicians evaluate their musical performances? The impact of positive and negative information from normative, ipsative, and expectation standards

The purpose of the research reported in this article was to test two hypotheses about how musicians evaluate their musical performances. The first hypothesis was that musicians’ self-evaluations would be more influenced by their expectations and their past performances than by comparisons to the performances of other musicians. The second hypothesis was that musicians would exhibit an ‘adaptive evaluational style’ by showing more sensitivity to positive feedback than to negative feedback. We used the Experimental Evaluational Styles Questionnaire (Goolsby & Chaplin, 1988) in a sample of 78 music performance students (43 men and 35 women) to test these hypotheses, and both were supported. These results represent one of the first examples where the dominant theory of evaluation in psychology, Festinger’s (1954) social comparison theory, did not have the greatest influence on people’s performance evaluations. However, we did find individual differences in the influence of the different evaluative standards. ...
Chemical Reaction Engineering

Partial table of contents: Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering. HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS IN IDEAL REACTORS. Introduction to Reactor Design. Design for Single Reactions. Design for Parallel Reactions. Potpourri of Multiple Reactions. NON IDEAL FLOW. Compartment Models. The Dispersion Model. The Tank--in--Series Model. REACTIONS CATALYZED BY SOLIDS. Solid Catalyzed Reactions. The Packed Bed Catalytic Reactor. Deactivating Catalysts. HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS. Fluid--Fluid Reactions: Kinetics. Fluid--Particle Reactions: Design. BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. Enzyme Fermentation. Substrate Limiting Microbial Fermentation. Product Limiting Microbial Fermentation. Appendix. Index.
Planned re-laparotomy and the need for optimization of physiology and immunology.

Planned re-laparotomy or damage control laparotomy (DCL), first described by Dr. Harlan Stone in 1983, has become a widely utilized technique in a broad range of patients and operative situations. Studies have validated the use of DCL by demonstrating decreased mortality and morbidity in trauma, general surgery and abdominal vascular catastrophes. Indications for planned re-laparotomy include severe physiologic derangements, coagulopathy, concern for bowel ischemia, and abdominal compartment syndrome. The immunology of DCL patients is not well described in humans, but promising animal studies suggest a benefit from the open abdomen (OA) and several human trials on this subject are currently underway. Optimal critical care of patients with OA’s, including sedation, paralysis, nutrition, antimicrobial and fluid management strategies have been associated with improved closure rates and recovery.
Net CI− flux in short-circuited skin of Rana pipiens: Ouabain sensitivity and Na+ + K+ dependence

Abstract Skin of Rana pipiens , like many other species, is considered to actively trassport only Na + when bathed in Ringer's solution on both sides. However, net CI − influx was previously described by us in short-circuited skin of Rana pipiens , in the summer season. The skins were of low PD (5–30 mV) and high CI − conductance. Comparison of these findings with other series indicated inverse seasonal variation between PD and CI − conductance. It was postulated that active CI − transport exists at all CI − -conductance levels but at higher PD is too small to be be easily detected. This report evaluates CI − transport across skins of higher PD (and lower conductance) in winter and further characterizes the system. Net CI − influx was demonstrated over a wide PD range under short-circuit conditions and was inversely related to the magnitude of the open-circuit PD. It was inhibited by ouabain and dependent upon Na + in the outside medium and K + in the inside medium. It is concluded that this is the same system present in skin of Leptodactylus ocellatus and may not be unique to these two species. It appears to be distinctly different from the acetazolamide-sensitive influx system seen in “low-CI − ” solutions in skins of numerous species. The findings are discussed in terms of (1) parallel Na + and CI − active transport mechanisms and (2) a neutral NaCI-pump model, recently proposed by Rehm.
The mosaic acquisition of grammatical relations.

The view that grammatical relations have substantial essence, designated as ‘subject’ or ‘object’ has difficulty in accounting for the variety of naturally acquirable grammatical relations. The acquisition of grammatical relations is examined from a theoretical framework, ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR, in which grammatical relations are decomposed into two separate types of structure: logical (semantic) structure and information (pragmatic) structure. The acquisition of grammatical relations from four languages is compared: (1) the definite accusative suffix and pragmatically motivated word order of Turkish; (2) Kaluli verb agreement, case and focus marking postpositions, and pragmatically motivated word order; (3) Hungarian definite and indefinite verb conjunction; and (4) Italian participial agreement and anaphoric, accusative case pronouns. Two conditions on structures are found to cause difficulty: the neutralization of a semantic or pragmatic distinction by interfering structures (e.g. Kaluli and Italian), and global case marking which forces the child to discover relevant semantic characteristics of both the actor and the undergoer (e.g. Hungarian and Kaluli). Structures that encode semantic or pragmatic distinctions independently are more easily acquired (e.g. Turkish). Piecing together discrete structures in a mosaic fashion, the child can acquire the great variety of grammatical relations that exist in human languages.
How are Foreign Policy Attitudes Structured? A Hierarchical Model

It has long been assumed that foreign-policy attitudes of the mass public are random, disorganized, and unconstrained if they exist at all. Further, foreign-policy thinking has not been found to be structured along standard ideological (liberal-conservative) lines, partisan lines, or class lines. We attempt to move the discussion from a question of whether foreign-policy attitudes are structured to a question of how they are structured. We propose and estimate (using a LISREL model) a hierarchically organized foreign-policy belief structure in which specific policy preferences are derived from postures (broad, abstract beliefs regarding appropriate general governmental strategies). These postures, in turn, are assumed to be constrained by a set of core values about the international community.