cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of an endodontic antiseptic in a controlled release delivery system.

The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the bacteriological status of the root canal after disinfection with a quaternary ammonium compound in a controlled release delivery system. Fifty-three teeth with apical periodontitis as evidenced by periapical radiolucencies were used. Under aseptic conditions the root canals were completely instrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. After the instrumentation, 38 teeth were treated with the quaternary ammonium compound in the controlled release dispenser; 15 teeth were treated with formocresol. Bacteriological samples from the root canals were taken after 7 days using an anaerobic technique. The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium compound in controlled release was as effective as formocresol in obtaining bacteria-free root canals. The advantages of an antiseptic with a long lasting effect for the elimination of bacteria from the root canal and for the prevention of reinfection were emphasized.
Fostering Success or Stratification? A Macroapproach to Understanding “Success” in the Community College Context

The topic of student success is a central focus for community college educators and researchers, yet little consideration is given to the long-term success that community college students may or may not be attaining. What role (if any) do concerns about social stratification have in the debate over student success? Exploring the ways in which community colleges may be perpetuating long-term, systemic inequality among students, despite their ability to graduate with a certificate or degree, is an important consideration as community colleges work to define and measure student success and strategically plan for the future. Drawing from sociology and critical education literature, this paper makes the case that educators and administrators need to develop a macroapproach to understanding student success as a result of three contextual factors: labor market changes, shifts toward neoliberal ideology, and the role of habitus.
Biomarkers of muscle quality: N‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and C‐terminal agrin fragment responses to resistance exercise training in older adults

Background N-terminal peptide of procollagen type III (P3NP) and C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) are circulating biomarkers that are related to lean body mass in older adults. P3NP is a circulating marker reflective of muscular structural remodeling while CAF is a circulating marker of neuromuscular remodeling. As resistance exercise is an established intervention that can effectively improve muscle quality, we sought to evaluate circulating biomarker changes corresponding to a resistance exercise intervention in older adults. Methods Twenty-three older adults(aged61to85years)were randomized into an intervention (6-week resistance training) or control group. Resting circulating P3NP, CAF, lean body mass (LBM), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, and muscle quality were determined at baseline and after the intervention or control period by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound, leg extension, and relative strength, respectively. Changes in circulating biomarkers and measures of muscle massand quality were evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance; clinical interpretations were made with magnitude-based inferences, and relationships between variables were evaluated with bivariate correlations. Results The short-term resistance exercise intervention was effective at improving muscle quality by 28 % (p<0.001) despite no significant changes in lean body mass. Baseline circulating P3NP was somewhat lower in older women (4.15 ±1.9 ng/mL) compared with older men (4.81±2.1 ng/mL). The exercise intervention tended to increase circulating P3NP (baseline=4.53±1.80 to post=4.88±1.86) and was significantly correlated with changes in LBM (r=0.422,p=0.045). Atbaseline, women(3.91±1.12pg/mL)had somewhat higher circulating CAF than men (3.47±1.37 pg/mL). Circulating CAF increased by 10.4 % (3.59 to 4.00 pg/ml) in older adults following 6 weeks of resistance exercise training. Changes in circulating CAF were significantly related to changes in CSA of the vastus lateralis (r=0.542,p=0.008). Conclusions Assessment of P3NP and CAF from blood samples may provide minimally invasive and clinically informative measures of skeletal muscle status in older adults. Circulating CAF appears to increase in response to shortterm resistance exercise training in older adults to a clinically meaningful magnitude. Changes in circulating P3NP in response to the intervention were less clear but appear to reflect muscle hypertrophy. Further research is needed to elucidate whether P3NP, CAF, or other biomarkers can reflect muscle qualitative adaptations with larger and longer studies.
Inverse eigenvalue problems for the mantle

We represent the earth as a sphere with radius R and assume that the material is perfectly elastic and isotropic. Thus we ignore ellipticity, rotation, damping, lateral inhomogeneities and anisotropy.
The Relationship between Computer-Mediated-Communication Competence, Apprehension, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Confidence, and Social Presence

The purpose of this study was to create a model for examining the relationships between computer-mediated-communication (CMC) apprehension, CMC skill, and CMC presence. Using structural-equation modeling, the study found that CMC apprehension and CMC skill negatively corelated with each other (− .36). Furthermore, CMC apprehension was not shown to relate to CMC presence (− .09), but CMC presence was shown to be impacted by CMC skill (.41). Increased skill in virtual environments likely enhances perceptions of presence in CMC.
U.S. energy research and development: Declining investment, increasing need, and the feasibility of expansion

Investment in energy research and development in the U.S. is declining despite calls for an enhancement of the nation's capacity for innovation to address environmental, geopolitical, and macroeconomic concerns. We examine investments in research and development in the energy sector, and observe broad-based declines in funding since the mid-1990s. The large reductions in investment by the private sector should be a particular area of concern for policy makers. Multiple measures of patenting activity reveal widespread declines in innovative activity that are correlated with research and development (R&D) investment-notably in the environmentally significant wind and solar areas. Trends in venture capital investment and fuel cell innovation are two promising cases that run counter to the overall trends in the sector. We draw on prior work on the optimal level of energy R&D to identify a range of values which would be adequate to address energy-related concerns. Comparing simple scenarios based on this range to past public R&D programs and industry investment data indicates that a five to ten-fold increase in energy R&D investment is both warranted and feasible.
What Does It Mean to Be Human? A Personal and Catholic Perspective

A philosopher-poet-theologian ponders the implications of the multimillion-year biogenetic process that produced Homo sapiens and is beginning to reveal itself ever more clearly as evolution of the mind and consciousness. As meaning trappers and makers, called to actualize the divine image imprinted upon us, we are now facing biological and cultural evolution with deliberate human input as well as the evolution of evolution. As communicating animals that are becoming ever more aware of our adaptive behavior, we have the potential of affecting our own destiny by listening to the spirit within and nurturing the genes and memes that give rise to physical, intellectual, creative, and moral excellence. In the matrix of cyberspace we have the opportunity to heal the two-culture split, to reinvent ourselves, to incubate/weave the emergent religions of the future, and to create our multiple Ways appropriate to t e dawning Age of Global Dialogue.
Ultrafast effective multilevel atom method for primordial hydrogen recombination

Cosmological hydrogen recombination has recently been the subject of renewed attention because of its importance for predicting the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background anisotropies. It has become clear that it is necessary to account for a large number n ≳ 100 of energy shells of the hydrogen atom, separately following the angular momentum substates in order to obtain sufficiently accurate recombination histories. However, the multilevel atom codes that follow the populations of all these levels are computationally expensive, limiting recent analyses to only a few points in parameter space. In this paper, we present a new method for solving the multilevel atom recombination problem, which splits the problem into a computationally expensive atomic physics component that is independent of the cosmology and an ultrafast cosmological evolution component. The atomic physics component follows the network of bound-bound and bound-free transitions among excited states and computes the resulting effective transition rates for the small set of ‘‘interface’’ states radiatively connected to the ground state. The cosmological evolution component only follows the populations of the interface states. By pretabulating the effective rates, we can reduce the recurring cost of multilevel atom calculations by more than 5 orders of magnitude. The resulting code is fast enough for inclusion in Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation algorithms. It does not yet include the radiative transfer or high-n two-photon processes considered in some recent papers. Further work on analytic treatments for these effects will be required in order to produce a recombination code usable for Planck data analysis.
Links between eastern equatorial Pacific stratification and atmospheric CO2 rise during the last deglaciation

It is difficult to untangle the mixed influences of high- and low-latitude climate forcing in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). Here we test the hypothesis that the Southern Ocean drove change in the EEP via subsurface intermediate waters during the last deglaciation. We use the δ18O signature of benthic foraminifera to reconstruct water density changes during the last 25 kyr at three intermediate water depths (370 m, 600 m, and 1000 m) in the EEP. Carbonate δ18O records a combined signature of temperature and salinity and is therefore more closely related to density than temperature or salinity alone. We find that benthic foraminiferal δ18O values decreased first in the subsurface, simultaneously with rising temperatures over Antarctica, and propagated up to the surface within ~3 kyr. The early subsurface response initiated a rapid decrease in density stratification over the upper water column as indicated by reduced δ18O gradients between surface and intermediate depths. Stratification of the upper water column remained low through the termination, with stratification minima reached during Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas (YD), synchronous with the two-part deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2. Centennial-scale shifts toward heavier δ18O signatures at 370 and 600 m during the YD indicate short-lived shifts in the Subantarctic Mode Water/Antarctic Intermediate Water boundary to shallower intermediate depths. We suggest that decreased density gradients during the deglaciation accelerated vertical mixing across the EEP, and potentially the entire South Pacific subtropical gyre, which enhanced CO2 delivery from depth to the surface ocean and atmosphere.
Current trends in hematology.

IT IS a great honor to have been chosen for the first Mead Johnson Award of 1948. As I look over the list of the distinguished men and women who were the earlier recipients of this Award I am aware of the obligation imposed upon me by your choice. At the same time I am grateful for the encouragement which this recognition will mean to my associates and to myself in our future work. It goes without saying that the contributions which form the basis of your selection were the result of the work and the ideas of many members of our group at the Children9s Hospital of Michigan. I want to pay special tribute to the memory of the late Dr. Thomas B. Cooley who founded the hernatologic tradition in Detroit and who opened my eyes to the many interesting problems in this field. A review of our studies on megaloblastic anemia of infancy was only recently presented to members of the Academy. To avoid repetition, I shall not summarize this work again in detail but merely take certain aspects of it as a pretext and point of departure for a larger and more pretentious subject which I propose to call current trends in hematology. In order to illustrate this theme, I shall draw freely on the work of others. It is my belief that this topic is a timely one. In the last decade new tools of hematologic investigation have become available with the result that many basic concepts are even today undergoing profound modification. Because of the rapidity of these developments the newer concepts have not yet been generally applied in the clinical practice of pediatrics.
Advances in healing-on-demand polymers and polymer composites

Healing-on-demand materials exhibit the capability to close cracks and heal the closed/narrowed cracks when needed and to recover functionality using intrinsic or extrinsic resources. In this paper, advances in healing-on-demand polymers and polymer composites in the past decade are reviewed, covering different schemes and technologies used to trigger crack closure and to heal molecularly. A balanced review on non-load-bearing polymers and polymer composites as well as load-carrying polymers and polymer composites is presented. The progress in self-healing polymers and polymer composites has been well discussed recently in the literatures. In this review, therefore, less attention has been paid on what has been widely reported; we primarily focus on healing-on-demand materials concerned with large volume damage healing by a close-then-heal (CTH) strategy. The healing-on-demand material by the CTH approach undergoes a process of crack closure, followed by crack healing with healing agents. Healing theories, including those within the continuum damage mechanics framework, and healing efficiency evaluations are also reviewed. Perspectives on future development in this emerging research area are discussed.
The Bond Market Responses to Female CEOS Appointment

In recent years, studies in corporate governance have focused on understanding the effect of CEO gender on firm performance, stock returns and related risks. However, little research been conducted to uncover the effect of CEO’s gender on bond performance and debtholders return. Using 65 female CEO appointments and a matching sample of 65 male CEO appointments, we examine whether gender of the newly appointed CEOs affect debtholders’ wealth. We conduct a bond event study using the abnormal bond returns measure as proposed by Bessembinder et al. (2009) and subsequently refined by Ederington et al. (2013). Our results suggested that debtholders’ reaction differ significantly to the news of CEOs appointment based on gender. In fact, they react negatively to the appointment of a female CEO and positively to the appointment of male CEO. Our results are robust after controlling for firm, board, bond and CEO characteristics. We believe that the negative reaction to female CEOs appointment might be explained by the fact that such appointments are relatively new, therefore debtholders might have not yet incorporated the largely cited characteristic of female manager’s higher inclination to risk aversion as an element of reduced risk.
Inflation and the Farmer

Does the farmer profit from inflation ? Does his fortune so rise and fall with the price level that, as Professors Warren and Pearson state, a doubling of the price level would assure the farmer a prosperous existence? Is inflation the farmer's salvation, will he reach the promised land via irredeemable paper money, or does that road lead straight to rural ruin? These questions have been warmly debated in Congress, college classrooms and cross-roads stores as well as in the daily press and our popular periodicals. Opinions on the subject, though expressed with oracular assurance by all factions, are founded more on notion than on fact and generally vary with geographical location. A majority of the residents of our Midwest have felt that inflation, at least in a so-called "mild" form, was the answer to their prayers. Most Easterners, Wall-Streeters and European economists, on the other hand, have held a different and contrary view. As an example, Alfred Lansburg, editor of Die Bank (Germany), stated that our farmers would suffer from inflation since "it is probable that most increases in prices will occur, not in farm products, but in consumption goods which the farmers are obliged to buy." So far this controversy has been more productive of heat than light. Whether our farmers would profit by a marked inflation of our currency need not, like next week's weather, be anybody's guess. On this question there exists a wealth of evidence from previous experiences with currency depreciation both in this country and abroad. It is time that we read the record and reviewed this evidence. Though conditions in this country and at this time may not be exactly the same as those prevalent at the time other inflations took place, still it may be possible to draw some general conclusions from the histories of inflations that would indicate the answer to our present perplexity. To begin at home, how did the American farmer fare during the debasement of our currency in the Civil War period? Professor Wesley Mitchell answers this question in his authoritative History of the Greenbacks. After calling attention to the fact that for the North a full statistical record of all important farm products is available, he states: "It seems safe to conclude from these figures that the farmers of the loyal states were among the unfortunate producers whose products rose in price less than the
Hierarchy and Its Discontents: Status Disagreement Leads to Withdrawal of Contribution and Lower Group Performance

Research on status and group productivity has highlighted that status hierarchies tend to emerge quickly and encourage contributions to group efforts by rewarding contributors with enhanced status. This and other status research has tended to assume that status hierarchies are agreed-upon among group members. Here, we build on recent work on status conflict in investigating the prevalence and consequences of situations in which group members hold differing perceptions of the status ordering—that is, of who ranks where—which we call status disagreement. Across two studies of interacting groups, we examined several different types of status disagreement and found that disagreements in which two group members both viewed themselves as higher in status than the other, or upward disagreements, were uniquely harmful for groups. These types of disagreements led the involved members to reduce their contributions to the group, substantially decreasing group performance. However, other forms of dyadic status disagr...
International Law and Assumptions about the State System

Most writers on international relations and international law still examine the relationship between international law and politics in terms of the assumption that law either should or does function only as a coercive restraint on political action. Textbook writers on general international politics like Morgenthau, and Lerche and Said, as well as those scholars who have specialized in international law like J. L. Brierly and Charles De Visscher, make the common assumption that international law should be examined as a system of coercive norms controlling the actions of states. Even two of the newer works, The Political Foundations of International Law by Morton A. Kaplan and Nicholas deB. Katzenbach and Law and Minimum World Public Order by Myres S. McDougal and Florentino P. Feliciano, in spite of an occasional reference to the non-coercive aspects of international law, are developed primarily from the model of international law as a system of restraint. Deriving their conception of the relationship between international law and political action from their ideas on the way law functions in domestic communities, most modern writers look at international law as an instrument of direct control. The assumption that international law is or should be a coercive restraint on state action structures almost every analysis, no matter what the school of thought or the degree of optimism or pessimism about the effectiveness of the international legal system. With an intellectual framework that measures international law primarily in terms of constraint on political action, there is little wonder that skepticism about international law continues to increase while creative work on the level of theory seems to be diminishing.
A Dynamic Lot Sizing Algorithm with Capacity Constraints

Abstract A new algorithm has been developed to calculate economic lot sizes for manufactured products. The algorithm allows for fluctuating and uncertain demand patterns which limit the effectiveness of the classical Wilson EOQ formula. In an environment of uncertain future demand, its performance is on a par with the Wagner-Whitin technique. Yet, the computations required are considerably less. For a single product the algorithm would produce results identical to the Part/Period formula of IBM. However, a new derivation is provided which parallels the derivation of the Silver and Meal formula. A new dimension is added when the algorithm is extended to the situation where there are limits on the combined production rate of all products. The algorithm prevents production from exceeding the limit. It therefore allows lot sizing to be implemented gradually, and it continues to protect the production line against sudden increases in demand after implementation. Finally, the dynamic lot sizing algorithm with c...
Perivesical Actinomycosis Presenting as an Acute Abdomen

Abstract Actinomycosis of the genitourinary tract is seen rarely by the urologist. We report on a patient who presented with an acute abdomen and massive peritonitis secondary to perivesical actinomycosis. An awareness of this entity, which may be confused with other infectious processes as well as neoplasms, will aid in patient management.
The role of the RSA algorithm in awakening the computer science student to the beauty of mathematics

Encryption is a key component of any computer based communication today. Computer Security is becoming an increasingly important course, or even a sequence of courses, in a Computer Science program. The authors of this paper offer courses in Computer Security at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Some Computer Science curricula offer a separate course in Cryptography, but most colleges and schools offer a Computer Security course with a few weeks' worth of cryptography material crammed into the Computer Security course. There are so many important and worthwhile algorithms in Cryptography that it is near impossible to cover all of them in a single one semester Computer Security course. In our Computer Security course, we typically cover text substitution algorithms, some symmetric key encryption algorithms, and most definitely the highly secure RSA Public Key Cryptosystem. It has been our experience that over 90% of Computer Science students (including those who had had classes in Computer Security) and industry professionals we had spoken to, have only a somewhat partial or just a rudimentary knowledge of the RSA algorithm. Our coverage of the RSA algorithm is very thorough, with special emphasis on the mathematical aspects. The mathematical aspects of the RSA algorithm, once we boil it down to the most basic aspects, are very interesting to the Computer Science students; so much so that we have students asking for more! Wherever possible, we have tried to relate our experiences in teaching the RSA algorithm to CS students in a way that fosters interest in Mathematics and Number Theory. We have also tried to successfully implement the key mathematical concept in a practical application in RSA, almost immediately. This way, the CS student soaks in the value and the beauty of the mathematics that pervades all of Computer Science.
Cochlear hearing loss and the detection of sinusoidal versus random amplitude modulation

This study assessed the effect of cochlear hearing loss on detection of random and sinusoidal amplitude modulation. Listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners (eight per group) generated temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) for envelope fluctuations carried by a 2000-Hz pure tone. TMTFs for the two groups were similar at low modulation rates but diverged at higher rates presumably because of differences in frequency selectivity. For both groups, detection of random modulation was poorer than for sinusoidal modulation at lower rates but the reverse occurred at higher rates. No evidence was found that cochlear hearing loss, per se, affects modulation detection.
Swelling-Shrinking Behavior in Packed Beds of Adsorbent During Column Operations

Abstract Polymeric adsorbents exhibit swelling and shrinking, due to their chemical and physical structure, depending on the extent of uptake and interactions with an adsorbate. In packed column operations, this phenomenon causes complex interactions, including changes of particle positions, bed geometry and topology, and local and global bed stresses. These phenomena occur in situations as diverse as ion exchange in liquid systems and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) in gas systems. The latter is considered in detail here. The system considered here was air drying via PSA, with Dowex MSC-1 as the adsorbent.
Frederick Douglass and the Consequences of Rhetoric: The Interpretive Framing and Publication History of the 2 January 1893 Haiti Speeches

This study features the interpretative framing and publication history of Frederick Douglass9s 2 January 1893 Haiti orations. Beginning with the initial accounts and discussions of the speeches carried in white and African American newspapers, then moving to their publication in pamphlet form, I explore the rhetorical consequences of authors9 and editors9 efforts to reproduce, interpret, praise, criticize, frame, and reframe Douglass9s words in the months following the delivery of the speeches. To conclude, I consider twentieth- and twenty-first-century efforts to edit and publish Douglass9s Haiti speeches.
Identification of adenylyl cyclase isoforms mediating parathyroid hormone- and calcitonin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in distal tubule cells

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is an important nephron site for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin regulation of urinary divalent cation excretion. These hormones exert their effects on the DCT in substantial part through activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC); however, it is unknown which AC isoforms are involved. To examine this, two mouse DCT cell lines were studied: 209 and D1 cells. AC isoform mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Cyclic AMP was measured using enzyme immunoassay. Calcitonin, but not PTH, stimulated cAMP accumulation in 209 cells, while PTH, but not calcitonin, increased cAMP content in D1 cells. Both cell types expressed AC3, AC4, AC6, AC7, and AC9 mRNA; in both cell types, AC6 mRNA was most abundant, followed by AC9, then AC3 and AC7, with relatively very small amounts of AC4 mRNA. Microdissected mouse DCT had a similar pattern of AC isoform mRNA expression although AC5 mRNA was detected. Individual siRNA knockdown of AC6 and AC9 reduced calcitonin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in 209 cells and PTH-induced cAMP levels in D1 cells. Knockdown of AC3 had no effect on hormonal augmentation of cAMP in either cell line. Surprisingly, knockdown of AC7 increased calcitonin-induced cAMP accumulation in 209 cells as well as PTH-stimulated cAMP content in D1 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that AC6 and AC9 mediate calcitonin- and PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation in DCT cells, while activation of AC7 may paradoxically reduce the stimulatory effects of PTH and calcitonin on cultured DCT cAMP levels.
Communication-Efficient Distributed Skyline Computation

In this paper we study skyline queries in the distributed computational model, where we have s remote sites and a central coordinator; each site holds a piece of data, and the coordinator wants to compute the skyline of the union of the s datasets. The computation is in terms of rounds, and the goal is to minimize both the total communication cost and the round cost. We first give an algorithm with a small communication cost but potentially a large round cost; we show information-theoretically that the communication cost is optimal even if we allow an infinite number of communication rounds. We next give algorithms with smooth communication-round tradeoffs. We also show a strong lower bound for the communication cost if we can only use one round of communication. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of our algorithms over existing ones by an extensive set of experiments on both synthetic and real world datasets.
Capitalism and the Cost of Textbooks: The Possibilities of Open Source Materials

Considered an essential tool in higher education, textbooks are increasingly becoming unaffordable for many students. Open educational resources are one solution to this problem that can alleviate the financial burden on students and also provide increased flexibility and freedom for faculty. This chapter presents faculty and student perspectives of using open educational resources and/or open textbooks in their courses, and offers examples of how the integration of open educational resources in a course can improve faculty and student engagement.
Health Behaviors and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common form of valvular heart disease worldwide and is associated with increased mortality across the spectrum of severity of disease.[1][1] The 1‐year mortality rates among individuals with untreated severe symptomatic aortic stenosis nears 50%.[2
Using Assessment in the Fashion Design Studio

The apparel design process is highly complex and has a specialized and sophisticated skill set. Designers need to develop flexibility, or the ability to think of many ways to approach a problem or activity, and fluency, or the ability to think of many details associated with each approach to the activity. It also involves divergent and convergent thinking, or the breaking down and building up of ideas. Kvashny (1982) proposed that creativity can be taught. In order to expand their creativity, student designers need to develop the complex thinking inherent in the creative process, and at the same time develop two-and-three-dimensional thinking and eye/hand coordination inherent in a skill-based area of study. Assessment can be used to evaluate a learner’s current status, the end goal, and how best to get there (Fulcher, 2010).
TFEL Matrix Display Design Rules Based on a 3 Part Electrical Model

Driving a matrix display device is a very complicated situation to analyze. The thousands of cross coupled components, voltage pulses applied to hundreds of rows and columns and resistive, capacitive and non-linear currents defy straightforward circuit analysis. This paper will show that simplifying assumptions can be chosen which separate the problem into analyzable sub-parts with negligible loss of precision. Taken together, the parts of the model are sufficient to allow accurate calculation and design of panel drive parameters such as maximum refresh rate, minimum pulse width, power consumption, brightness and contrast.
Use of the Earth’s surface as a reference to correct airborne nadir-looking radar radial velocity measurements for platform motion

AbstractA technique for correcting radar radial velocity Vr in airborne, nadir-pointing radar data using the surface of Earth as a reference is proposed and tested. Operating airborne Doppler radar...
Jaundice in Rhodesian sleeping sickness: Report on two European cases

Abstract 1. 1) Jaundice in two patients suffering from Rhodesian sleeping sickness is recorded. 2. 2) The importance of recognizing this as a sign, albeit an infrequent one, of the disease, is stressed.
The temporal dynamics of the link between configural face processing and dehumanization

Abstract The human face conveys a wealth of information, including traits, states, and intentions. Just as fundamentally, the face also signals the humanity of a person. In the current research we report two experiments providing evidence that disruptions of configural face encoding affect the temporal dynamics of categorization during attempts to distinguish human from non-human faces. Specifically, the present experiments utilize mouse-tracking and find that face inversion elicits confusion amongst human and non-human categories early in the processing of human faces. This work affords the first examination of how facial inversion affects the dynamic processes underlying categorization of human and non-human faces.
Coping with Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms: the Role of Illness Beliefs and Behaviors.

Medically unexplained syndromes (MUS) are both prevalent and disabling. While illness beliefs and behaviors are thought to maintain MUS-related disability, little is known about which specific behavioral responses to MUS are related to disability or the way in which beliefs and behaviors interact to impact functioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between illness beliefs and disability among patients with MUS, and assess the extent to which behaviors mediate this relationship. The study examined data from the baseline assessment of a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were 248 veterans with MUS. Illness beliefs, behavioral responses to illness, and disability were assessed through self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mediation analysis. Threat-related beliefs predicted greater disability through decreased activity and increased practical support seeking. Protective beliefs predicted less disability through reductions in all-or-nothing behavior and limiting behavior. These outcomes suggest that all-or-nothing behavior, limiting behavior, and practical support seeking are important in the perpetuation of disability among those with MUS. This has implications for improving MUS treatment by highlighting potential treatment targets. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02161133
Genetic and phylogenetic aspects of host plant affiliation in Ophraella (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

The host plant associations of many taxa of phytophagous insects, including a great many Chrysomelidae, are marked by two striking features: the limited taxonomic host range of individual species (host specialization) and the close taxonomic relationship of the host plants of closely related species (phylogenetic conservatism). Drawing on many such examples among butterflies, Ehrlich and Raven (1964) suggested that both phenomena are attributable largely to the ‘secondary compounds’ of plants, which present Stimuli used by insects to choose among plants, as well as toxins that may require evolutionary adaptation in physiological characters. Evolutionary change in an insect lineage’s host affiliation is most likely to embrace plants that are chemically similar (hence, frequently closely related) to the insect’s previous host, an instance of Darwin’s belief, shared by most evolutionary biologists today, that Natura non facit saltum: nature does not make leaps.
Reversing Hemianopia by Multisensory Training Under Anesthesia

Hemianopia is characterized by blindness in one half of the visual field and is a common consequence of stroke and unilateral injury to the visual cortex. There are few effective rehabilitative strategies that can relieve it. Using the cat as an animal model of hemianopia, we found that blindness induced by lesions targeting all contiguous areas of the visual cortex could be rapidly reversed by a non-invasive, multisensory (auditory-visual) exposure procedure even while animals were anesthetized. Surprisingly few trials were required to reinstate vision in the previously blind hemisphere. That rehabilitation was possible under anesthesia indicates that the visuomotor behaviors commonly believed to be essential are not required for this recovery, nor are factors such as attention, motivation, reward, or the various other cognitive features that are generally thought to facilitate neuro-rehabilitative therapies.
Trends and predictors of multidimensional health-related quality of life after living donor kidney transplantation.

Living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) imparts the best graft and patient survival for most end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. Yet, there remains variation in post-LDKT health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Improved understanding of post-LDKT HRQOL can help identify patients for interventions to maximize the benefit of LDKT. For 477 LDKT recipients transplanted between 11/2007 and 08/2016, we assessed physical, mental, social, and kidney-targeted HRQOL pre-LDKT, as well as 3 and 12 months post-operatively using the SF-36, Kidney Disease Quality of Life—Short Form (KDQOL-SF), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Kidney Symptom Index 19 item version (FKSI-19). We then examined trajectories of each HRQOL domain using latent growth curve models (LGCMs). We also examined associations between decline in HRQOL from 3 months to 12 months post-LDKT and death censored graft failure (DCGF) using Cox regression. Large magnitude effects (d > 0.80) were observed from pre- to post-LDKT change on the SF-36 Vitality scale (d = 0.81) and the KDQOL-SF Burden of Kidney Disease (d = 1.05). Older age and smaller pre- to post-LDKT decreases in serum creatinine were associated with smaller improvements on many HRQOL scales across all domains in LGCMs. Higher DCGF rates were associated with worse physical [e.g., SF-36 PCSoblique hazard ratio (HR) 1.18; 95% CI 1.01–1.38], mental (KDQOL-SF Cognitive Function HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00–1.62), and kidney-targeted (FKSI-19 HR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.00–1.38) HRQOL domains. Clinical HRQOL monitoring may help identify patients who are most likely to have failing grafts and who would benefit from post-LDKT intervention.
Abstract 3433: Identification of a subtype specific molecular field across the mammary gland of breast cancer patients

Introduction: The role of field cancerization in sporadic breast cancer is not known. Clinical findings of multi-focality and the presence of molecular aberrations in the histologically normal tissue surrounding the primary tumor suggest that there is a field effect. We hypothesized that field cancerization is present in breast cancer and that a subtype specific molecular field can be identified. Methods: RNA exome sequencing was performed using paraffin embedded sections obtained from breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy; 25 cases were selected from each subtype: hormone receptor (HR) positive, Her2+, triple negative (TN) breast cancer. 4 sites were sampled from each patient: primary tumor (A), adjacent normal parenchyma within 2cm of the tumor (B) 2 separate, histologically normal sites at least 2cm away from the tumor(C D 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3433.
Digital Analogs: Bricks, Worlds, and Dimensions

This chapter draws upon theories of digitality to explore digital play—the self-referential bricolage of playing with assemblages of discrete elements—from material LEGO bricks to the virtual gameplay of LEGO Worlds and LEGO Dimensions. Showing how the digital LEGO idea transcends its material and virtual incarnations, this chapter explores how the LEGO brand has come to rely on the constitutive interplay of digital and analog experience to present itself as a medium of bricolage.
Distribution Feeder-Scale Fast Frequency Response via Optimal Coordination of Net-Load Resources—Part II: Large-Scale Demonstration

This article is the second of a two-part series in which we develop and experimentally demonstrate a hierarchical control solution for optimally coordinating thousands of deferrable loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide fast frequency response (FFR) from an entire distribution feeder. In Part I, we developed and proved practical algorithms for fast, cost-based optimal dispatch and for determining the optimal amount of headroom to operate solar inverters with to support FFR dispatch while minimizing opportunity cost. Simulation results in Part I demonstrated the advantages of the hierarchical dispatch approach in being able to maintain fast solution times needed for FFR even when the problem size increases. In Part II, we implement the algorithms developed in Part I in a novel, large-scale power hardware-in-the-loop experiment including embedded controllers and more than 100 powered appliance loads and DER connected to a simulated real-world distribution system with more than 10,000 controlled devices. Experimental results from multiple scenarios confirm that the optimal FFR dispatch approach scales well and can optimally coordinate more than 10,000 net-load resources across a distribution network while achieving hardware response times within 500 ms, which is not possible using state-of-the-art optimal coordination approaches.
Comparison of Risk-scoring Systems in Predicting Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease in a North American Cohort

Purpose: Scoring systems used to predict morbidity in children with Kawasaki disease have been developed and validated in Asian populations. The objective of this study was to assess their utility in predicting outcomes in children with Kawasaki disease …
Problems with variable properties in syntax

Like those birds born to chirp, humans are born to parse; children are predisposed to assign linguistic structures to the amorphous externalization of the thoughts that we encounter. This yields a view of variable properties quite different from one based on parameters defined at Universal Grammar (UG). Our approach to language acquisition makes two contributions to Minimalist thinking. First, in accordance with general Minimalist goals, we minimize the pre-wired components of internal languages, dispensing with three separate, central entities: parameters, an evaluation metric for rating the generative capacity of grammars, and any independent parsing mechanism. Instead, children use their internal grammar to parse the ambient external language they experience. UG is “open,” consistent with what children learn through parsing. Second, our understanding of language acquisition yields a new view of variable properties, properties that occur only in certain languages. Under this open UG vision, specific elements of I-languages arise in response to new parses. Both external and internal languages play crucial, interacting roles: unstructured, amorphous external language is parsed and a structured internal language system results. My Born to parse (Lightfoot 2020) explores case studies that show innovative parses of external language shaping the history of languages. I discuss 1) how children learn through parsing, 2) the role of parsing at the two interfaces between syntactic structure and the externalization system (sound or sign) and logical form, 3) language change, and 4) variable linguistic properties seen through the lens of an open UG. This, in turn, yields a view of variable properties akin to that of evolutionary biologists working on Darwin’s finches; see section 7.
Latinx High School Seniors Preparing for College: Ganas or Symbolic Violence?

The senior year is among the most important for students’ long-term academic success. Traditionally, seniors are assumed to be largely disengaged from school, enduring “senioritis” or a “senior slu...
A near-real-time model for estimating probability of road obstruction due to earthquake-triggered landslides:

Coseismic landslides are a major source of transportation disruption in mountainous areas, but few approaches exist for rapidly estimating impacts to road networks. We develop a model that links th...
Relationships between porosity and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 parts produced using the laser sintering and multi-jet fusion powder bed fusion processes

Abstract Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF, or Laser Sintering) and Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF) are two commercial powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) processes for polymers. While the strength of parts produced with polymer PBF processes is typically good, the toughness of AM parts is significantly reduced compared to traditional processes, such as Injection Molding (IM). This study evaluates the impact of residual porosity on the strength and ductility of polyamide-12 (PA-12) parts produced by powder bed fusion. Hot isostatic pressure (HIP) treatment is used to eliminate virtually all porosity from treated L-PBF and MJF parts. The relationship between porosity and mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, toughness) is evaluated for groups of parts with and without HIP treatment. For untreated parts, the thickness of the part was found to have a significant impact on mechanical properties, with 5 mm parts having more than 25% higher UTS, 39% higher maximum strains, and 21% higher Young's Moduli than 1 mm parts produced using the same process. In L-PBF parts, the HIP treatment greatly reduced porosity and increased ultimate tensile strengths by an average of 12% compared to parts that were not subjected to HIP, but they also exhibited reduced max strains. While HIP eliminated porosity in MJF parts, MJF parts did not exhibit any statistically significant improvements in mechanical properties from HIP. Though it was not possible to correlate the strength of an untreated part with density, a correlation does exist between density and some mechanical properties (UTS, Young's Modulus) as a result of a density change in L-PBF parts due to a post-processing HIP treatment.
Shear loads induce cellular damage in tendon fascicles

Tendon is vital to musculoskeletal function, transferring loads from muscle to bone for joint motion and stability. It is an anisotropic, highly organized, fibrous structure containing primarily type I collagen in addition to tenocytes and other extracellular matrix components contributing to maintenance and function. Tendon is generally loaded via normal stress in a longitudinal direction. However, certain situations, including fiber breakage, enzymatic remodeling, or tendon pathology may introduce various degrees of other loading modalities, such as shear-lag at the fiber level, potentially affecting cellular response and subsequent function. Fascicles from rat tail tendon were dissected and placed in one of three paired groups: intact, single laceration, or double laceration. Each pair had a mechanically tested and control specimen. Single laceration fascicles contained one transverse laceration to mimic a partial tear. Double laceration fascicles had overlapping, longitudinally separated lacerations on opposite sides to cause intra-fascicular shear transfer to be the primary mechanism of loading. Elastic properties of the fascicle, e.g. peak load, steady state load, and stiffness, decreased from intact to single laceration to double laceration groups. Surprisingly, 45% of the intact strength was maintained when shear was the primary internal load transfer mechanism. Cellular viability decreased after mechanical testing in both laceration groups; cell death appeared primarily in a longitudinal plane where high shear load transfer occurred. This cell death extended far from the injury site and may further compromise an already damaged tendon via enzymatic factors and subsequent remodeling associated with cell necrosis.