cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paget-Schroetter Syndrome: Treatment Approaches

Abstract A subset of thoracic outlet syndrome, Paget-Schroetter syndrome is a rare disease referring to the acute thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins. Herein an overview of the anatomy, etiology, clinical manifestations, and imaging findings of Paget-Schroetter syndrome is presented. Prompt treatment has the potential to improve patient outcomes. Current treatment algorithms are presented, which are primarily based on retrospective case series and clinical consensus.
Correlating structural rules with electronic properties of ligand-protected alloy nanoclusters.

Thiolate protected gold nanoclusters (TPNCs) are a unique class of nanomaterials finding applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, optics, and catalysis. The atomic precision of their structure, characterized through single crystal x-ray diffraction, enables the accurate investigation of their physicochemical properties through electronic structure calculations. Recent experimental efforts have led to the successful heterometal doping of TPNCs, potentially unlocking a large domain of bimetallic TPNCs for targeted applications. However, how TPNC size, bimetallic composition, and location of dopants influence electronic structure is unknown. To this end, we introduce novel structure–property relationships (SPRs) that predict electronic properties such as ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) of AgAu TPNCs based on physically relevant descriptors. The models are constructed by first generating a hypothetical AgAu TPNC dataset of 368 structures with sizes varying from 36 to 279 metal atoms. Using our dataset calculated with density functional theory (DFT), we employed systematic analyses to unravel size, composition, and, importantly, core–shell effects on TPNC EA and IP behavior. We develop generalized SPRs that are able to predict electronic properties across the AgAu TPNC materials space. The models leverage the same three fundamental descriptors (i.e., size, composition, and core–shell makeup) that do not require DFT calculations and rely only on simple atom counting, opening avenues for high throughput bimetallic TPNC screening for targeted applications. This work is a first step toward finely controlling TPNC electronic properties through heterometal doping using high throughput computational means.
Interneuron Control of C. elegans Developmental Decision-making

Animals integrate external stimuli to shape their physiological responses throughout development. In adverse environments, Caenorhabditis elegans larvae can enter a stress-resistant diapause state with arrested metabolism and reproductive physiology. Amphid sensory neurons feed into both rapid chemotactic and short-term foraging mode decisions, mediated by amphid and pre-motor interneurons, as well as the long-term diapause decision. We identify amphid interneurons that integrate pheromone cues and propagate this information via a neuropeptidergic pathways to influence larval developmental fate, bypassing the pre-motor system. AIA interneuron-derived FLP-2 neuropeptide signaling promotes reproductive growth and AIA activity is suppressed by pheromone. FLP-2 acts antagonistically to the insulin-like INS-1. FLP-29s growth promoting effects are inhibited by upstream metabotropic glutamatergic signaling and mediated by the broadly-expressed neuropeptide receptor NPR-30. Conversely, the AIB interneurons and their neuropeptide receptor NPR-9/GALR2 promote diapause entry. These neuropeptidergic outputs allow reuse of parts of a sensory system for a decision with a distinct timescale.
EFFECTS OF ENERGY PRICE RISES, ENERGY CONSTRAINTS, AND ENERGY MINIMIZATION ON CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

This analysis is designed to assess the impact of rising energy prices and constrained energy supplies on a representative Iowa farm and to evaluate the feasibility of adopting energy-conserving technologies within an integrated farm system. The results indicate that the representative farm is insensitive to moderate increases in energy prices but is more responsive to substantial increases. Results also show that some energy-conserving or substituting technologies may now be feasible for adoption while others may never become viable unless drastic energy price rises occur. In the days of cheap fossil fuels and abundant agricultural production, farmers and society in general displayed limited interest in energy costs and in crop and livestock production residuals. Events of the 1970s, including rising energy prices, restricted energy supplies, and growing awareness of the impact of confined livestock feeding on world food supplies, have given rise to interest in new and old technologies that converse energy use in agriculture and to the need for adjustments in current agricultural production practices. The potential vulnerability of food production to energy price increases and energy shortages raises two important questions for U.S. agriculture: (1) What adjustments can we anticipate in existing crop and livestock production activities and in farm incomes as energy prices rise or as energy shortages occur?1 (2) How feasible are new energyconserving technologies that may be adopted by farmers? This analysis is designed to assess the impact of rising energy prices and constrained energy supplies on a representative Iowa farm and to evaluate the feasibility of adopting alternative energy conserving technologies within an integrated farm system. More specifically, the energysaving or substituting practices include using anaerobic methane fermentation to produce electricity and heat on the farm; using crop residues and livestock excreta as a source of livestock feed; and using livestock excreta and legume rotations as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. This analysis is not an attempt to evaluate an exhaustive set of energy-saving technologies but to illustrate a systems framework for considering such alternatives.
Dayside Aurora and Magnetopause Processes

Tracing the dynamics of the open magnetosphere on the dayside is possible using observations of the dayside aurora. The most important process, that of reconnection, may now be studied through the detachment of auroral arc transients and their subsequent motion and brightening history in the polar cap. The expansion and contraction of the polar cap can be investigated by the observation of the movements of the quasi-steady arcs which seem to define the auroral oval. It is tempting to think that the projections of the merging line, the cusp and the low-latitude boundary layer in the ionosphere may now be identified using the spectral ratio I6300/I5577 and the presence of proton aurora. An evaluation of the utility of this remote-sensing approach to the study of processes and regions in the distant magnetospheric boundary shows that although this is a promising development, it remains to be fully validated.
Perturbations of Markov Chains with Applications to Stochastic Games

In this chapter we will review several topics that are used extensively in the study of n-player stochastic games. These tools were used in the proof of several results on non-zero-sum stochastic games.
Assessment of Psychopathology With Behavioral Approaches

William H. O'Brien, Jennifer J. McGrath, and Stephen N. Haynes's cognitive-behavioral conceptualizations of disordered behavior have become increasingly complex due to advances in research and a broadening of assumptions within the behavioral paradigm. As a result, contemporary behavior therapists must be able to identify and evaluate many potential relationships among target behaviors and causal variables in a typical assessment. The ability to accomplish these complex assessment tasks is partially founded on a well-developed understanding of the many ways that target behaviors can be operationally defined and familiarity with the paths through which causal variables exert an influence on target behaviors. In addition, therapists must be familiar with sampling and assessment methods that can be used to empirically measure and evaluate relationships among target behaviors and causal variables. In this chapter, the conceptual foundations of behavioral assessment are reviewed. Following this, a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the most commonly used behavioral sampling strategies and assessment methods is presented. Finally, intuitive and quantitative data analytic techniques are critically examined. Keywords: assessment; behavioral; clinical decision making; treatment design
Efficient Verification of Behavioral Models Using Sequential Sampling Technique

HDL model validation can involve billions of cycles of simulations. To improve validation efficiency we propose a stopping rule to determine when a validation phase using a specific type of patterns has reached a point of diminishing return.
Coding and noncoding sequences at the 3' end of yeast histone H2B mRNA confer cell cycle regulation.

Abstract Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) histone mRNA synthesis is tightly regulated to the S phase of the cell division cycle as a result of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. We focused on the role of posttranscriptional control in histone H2B1 gene (HTB1) regulation and studied a portion of the HTB1 message required for cell-cycle-specific accumulation. The 3' end of the HTB1 gene containing a 17-amino-acid coding sequence and entire noncoding sequence was fused to the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (neo) under control of the GAL1 promoter. The expression of the endogenous and chimeric HTB1 genes was analyzed during the yeast cell cycle. As yeast cells entered a synchronous cell cycle following release from alpha-factor arrest, the level of GAL1-promoter-controlled neo-HTB1 message increased approximately 12-fold during S phase and dropped to basal level when the cells left S phase. This indicates that the 3' end of the HTB1 mRNA is capable of conferring cycle-specific regulation on a heterologous message. Deletion analysis of the 3' end showed that the signal for cell cycle control of HTB1 mRNA includes contiguous coding and noncoding sequences surrounding the stop codon. This differs from the situation in mammalian cells, whose posttranscriptional regulation of histone genes is mediated through a short sequence containing a stem-loop structure near the very terminus of the untranslated 3' end.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids by the Alkylation of Pseudoephedrine Glycinamide: L‐Allylglycine and N‐Boc‐L‐Allylglycine

Asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids by the alkylation of pseudoephedrine glycinamide: l-allylglycine and N-Boc-l-allylglycine reactant: 60.0 g (0.363 mol, 1 equiv) of (R,R)-(−)-pseudoephedrine reactant: 40.4 g (0.454 mol, 1.25 equiv) of glycine methyl ester intermediate: (R,R)-(−)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide monohydrate intermediate: (R,R)-(−)-pseudoephedrine glycinamide intermediate: pseudoephedrine L-allylglycinamide product: L-allylglycine product: N-Boc-L-allylglycine Keywords: acylation; acylation; alkylation, C-alkylation; deacylation; deacylation; hydrolysis, amides; hydrolysis, amides; stereoselective reactions, diastereoselective
Hsp31 Is a Stress Response Chaperone That Intervenes in the Protein Misfolding Process

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein Hsp31 is a stress-inducible homodimeric protein that is involved in diauxic shift reprogramming and has glyoxalase activity. We show that substoichiometric concentrations of Hsp31 can abrogate aggregation of a broad array of substrates in vitro. Hsp31 also modulates the aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn), a target of the chaperone activity of human DJ-1, an Hsp31 homolog. We demonstrate that Hsp31 is able to suppress the in vitro fibrillization or aggregation of αSyn, citrate synthase and insulin. Chaperone activity was also observed in vivo because constitutive overexpression of Hsp31 reduced the incidence of αSyn cytoplasmic foci, and yeast cells were rescued from αSyn-generated proteotoxicity upon Hsp31 overexpression. Moreover, we showed that Hsp31 protein levels are increased by H2O2, in the diauxic phase of normal growth conditions, and in cells under αSyn-mediated proteotoxic stress. We show that Hsp31 chaperone activity and not the methylglyoxalase activity or the autophagy pathway drives the protective effects. We also demonstrate reduced aggregation of the Sup35 prion domain, PrD-Sup35, as visualized by fluorescent protein fusions. In addition, Hsp31 acts on its substrates prior to the formation of large aggregates because Hsp31 does not mutually localize with prion aggregates, and it prevents the formation of detectable in vitro αSyn fibrils. These studies establish that the protective role of Hsp31 against cellular stress is achieved by chaperone activity that intervenes early in the protein misfolding process and is effective on a wide spectrum of substrate proteins, including αSyn and prion proteins.
Surface ozone in the aretic atmosphere

Near-surface atmospheric ozone measurements were carried out at Barrow, Alaska (71°, 19′N, 156°W), from January 1965 to September 1967. Ozone was continuously monitored by microcoulombmetric analysis at a level 2 m above the ground. Daily ozone concentrations near the ground varied from 7 to less than 1 pphm by volume. Highest concentrations occurred in the spring and showed sharp increases lasting from several hours to a few days. These sudden rises in ozone concentration correlated with storm front passages. The concentration of surface ozone from late spring through the sumer and fall showed less variability from day to day than in the spring. The lowest ozone concentrations occurred from late May to early June.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of implanted 7Be and 22Na for tribology studies

Abstract We have developed techniques for implanting 7 Be and/or 22 Na in the surface layer of a sample to be used for tribology studies. Wear of the surface can be studied by following the γ-rays from these activities. We produce the activities with heavy-ion beams ( 14 N and 20 Ne) on C and Al targets, and by choosing the energy of the beam and a suitable set of absorbers we can produce a desired dose-depth profile in the implanted surface. These techniques are independent of the material being studied for wear, so they can be applied to low- Z materials, such as ceramics and plastics. They also produce far less radiation damage to the surface than do conventional activation techniques — a factor of 10 5 between primary beam and implanted secondary beam. And the γ-ray spectra are very clean, making studies possible with NaI(Tl) as well as Ge detectors. Our studies thus far have concentrated on an Si 3 N 4 disc, implanted to a depth of 0.051 cm with 7 Be. Our sensitivity to wear is of the order of 100 nm.
Light scattering by sinusoidal surfaces: illumination windows and harmonics in standards

Sinusoidal surfaces can be used as material standards to help calibrate instruments that measure the angular distribution of the intensity of light scattered by arbitrary surfaces, because the power in the diffraction peaks varies over several orders of magnitude. The calculated power in the higher-order diffraction peaks from sinusoidal surfaces expressed in terms of Bessel functions is much smaller than the values determined from angular distributions that are measured or computed from measured profiles, both of which are determined mainly by the harmonic contents of the profile. The finite size of the illuminated area, represented by an illumination window, gives rise to a background that is much larger than the calculated power in the higher-order peaks. For a rectangular window of a size equal to an even number of periods of the sinusoid, a computation of the power distribution produces minima at or near the location of the diffraction angles for higher-order diffraction angles.
Optimal growth theory: Challenging problems and suggested answers

Abstract We argue that optimal economic growth is confronting serious applicability problems, having nothing to offer in these days of high public deficits accompanied by high unemployment rates. In particular, the theory is not capable of indicating optimal savings rates; those are systematically in ranges that can be considered as unacceptable, or are accompanied by unrealistically high real growth rates. Faulty is the systematic use of arbitrary utility functions, which turn out to be contradictory to competitive equilibrium. We then show how relying on the hypothesis of competitive equilibrium yields reasonable, perfectly acceptable numbers for the optimal savings rate.
Universal seesaw mechanism

The idea that fermions acquire their masses via a universal seesaw mechanism can provide a plausible explanation for the mass hier- archy ${\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{e}}$,u,d\ensuremath{\simeq}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{W}}$. A minimal SU(3${)}_{\mathrm{C}}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2${)}_{\mathrm{L}}$ \ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2${)}_{\mathrm{R}}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(1${)}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{L}}$ grand unifiable realization is presented. Whereas the fermionic representation is enlarged to include SU(2${)}_{\mathrm{L}}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2${)}_{\mathrm{R}}$ singlets, the Higgs system contains none of the conventional scalars of left-right-symmetric models. An alternative way to account for the superlightness of neutrinos emerges.
Spindle assembly checkpoint defects and chromosomal instability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Alterations in chromosomal number and structure are found in most solid malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), however, the presence of ongoing, chromosomal instability in HNSC and its relation to spindle assembly checkpoint defects has not been formally demonstrated. We investigated the status of chromosomal instability (CIN) in HNSC primary tumors and cell lines as well as spindle assembly checkpoint integrity in HNSC cell lines. Centromeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out on expanded single cell-derived colonies from HNSC cell lines and primary HNSC touch preparations. The deviation of chromosomes from the modal number in single cell derived colonies was 18.4-27% in 6 HNSC cell lines, and 2-3% in a control cell line, HCT116. Twelve primary tumors and 4 normal controls were also studied; all primary tumors demonstrated significant deviation from the modal chromosomal number (average 33.7%, range = 29.9-43.9%), compared to normal controls (average 4.6%, range = 3.6-5.6%). Additional characterization of the rate of chromosomal breakage was carried out by dual color FISH simultaneously using centromeric and telomeric probes for individual chromosomes on expanded singe cell-derived colonies and primary HNSC. Control HCT 116 colonies demonstrated a mean discordance between number of centromeric and telomeric hybridization signals in 21% (range = 19-23%) of cells, whereas HNSC cell line colonies demonstrated a mean discordance of 50% (range = 38-55%), with the majority of instances of discordant signal indicating telomeric loss. Similarly, touch preparations from primary HNSC demonstrated discordance in hybridization signal of centromeric vs. telomeric signal of 26.3% (range = 18.5-42%), with normal controls showing a rate of discordance of 6.4% (range = 4-8%). Finally, all 6 HNSC cell lines demonstrated partial impairment of mitotic arrest in response to nocodazole, indicating that impairment of the spindle assembly checkpoint may contribute to chromosomal instability in HNSC. Ongoing instability in chromosomal number and structure are consistent features of primary HNSC and cell lines. Spindle assembly checkpoint impairment occurs in HNSC cell lines and may contribute to chromosomal instability in HNSC.
A theoretical framework for land evaluation

Abstract Land evaluation is the process of predicting the use potential of land on the basis of its attributes. A variety of analytical models can be used in these predictions, ranging from qualitative to quantitative, functional to mechanistic, and specific to general. This paper classifies land evaluation models by how they take time and space into account, and whether they use land qualities as an intermediate between land characteristics and land suitability. Temporally, models can be of a static resource base and static land suitability, a dynamic resource base but static land suitability, or both a dynamic resource base and dynamic land suitability. spatially, land evaluation models can be of a single area with no interaction between areas, with static inter-area effects, or dynamic inter-area effects. In the most complex case, land suitabilities for several land uses are interdependent.
Differential Motion Dynamics of Synaptic Vesicles Undergoing Spontaneous and Activity-Evoked Endocytosis

Synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis are usually driven by neuronal activity but can also occur spontaneously. The identity and differences between vesicles supporting evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission remain highly debated. Here we combined nanometer-resolution imaging with a transient motion analysis approach to examine the dynamics of individual synaptic vesicles in hippocampal terminals under physiological conditions. We found that vesicles undergoing spontaneous and stimulated endocytosis differ in their dynamic behavior, particularly in the ability to engage in directed motion. Our data indicate that such motional differences depend on the myosin family of motor proteins, particularly myosin II. Analysis of synaptic transmission in the presence of myosin II inhibitor confirmed a specific role for myosin II in evoked, but not spontaneous, neurotransmission and also suggested a functional role of myosin II-mediated vesicle motion in supporting vesicle mobilization during neural activity.
Some patterns in the history of violence

Abstract : The paper is aimed at describing systematic trends in the violence between political groups. The report is in two parts. Part one describes the formulation of an empirical test for the existence of (1) a short (15-30 year) term and (2) a long (80-120 year) term periodic fluctuation in the historical occurrence of war. The research described in part one is based, largely, on empirical (versus theoretical) generalizations. That is, not much concern is given to the 'why' of such patterns. The second part of the paper speculates about several possible reasons for these patterns. (Author)
Phonetic convergence in shadowed speech: The relation between acoustic and perceptual measures

Abstract The current study investigates the influence of lexical factors on phonetic convergence and explores the relationship between acoustic and perceptual measures of convergence. A set of talkers produced baseline and shadowed tokens of target words that varied in frequency and phonological neighbor density independently. Experiment 1 demonstrated the impact of lexical factors on vowel dispersion in speech production. In Experiment 2, separate listeners judged the relative similarity of shadowed to model tokens in an AXB perceptual test of phonetic convergence. Acoustic measures of inter-talker distances in duration, fundamental frequency, and vowel formants for baseline and shadowed speech were compared to the perceptual measures. A mixed-effects regression model using a combination of acoustic convergence measures predicted perceived phonetic convergence better than lexical factors or individual acoustic attributes alone. These findings have important methodological and theoretical implications for understanding the complexities of phonetic convergence. Studies of convergence should consider examining acoustic and perceptual measures in tandem. Lexical factors impact speech production and perception, but their effects appear to be independent of those that evoke phonetic convergence.
Effects of Pretreatment of Coal by CO2 on Nitric Oxide Emission and Unburned Carbon in Various Combustion Environments

Polar solvents are known to swell coal, break hydrogen bonds in the macromolecular structure, and enhance coal liquefaction efficiencies. The effects of the pretreatment of coal using supercritical CO{sub 2} on its physical structure and combustion properties have been studied at the bench-scale level. Emphasis has been placed on NO reburning, NO emissions during air-fired and oxy-fired combustion, and loss on ignition (LOI). Pretreatment was found to increase porosity and to significantly alter the fuel nitrogen reaction pathways. Consequently, NO reduction during reburning using bituminous coal increased, and NO emissions during oxidation of lignite decreased. These two benefits were achieved without negative impacts on LOI.
Visualization of multivariate dark matter halos in cosmology simulations

In this poster, we present a new approach to visualize multivariate dark matter halos representing the spheroid part of galaxies, the disk part of galaxies, black holes and the halo itself. The data being visualized here is an end result of tracking the evolution of cosmic structures called dark matter halos in cosmological simulation and evaluating the formation and evolution of galaxies within. Cosmologists have traditionally visualized individual galaxies in the form of two dimensional density maps, graphs and parallel coordinates. We introduce a new way of mapping multiple parameters of dark matter halos to a halo-icon. This allows the scientist to view all of the parameters associated with the dark matter halos in one visualization.
Effect of hexachlorobiphenyl on vitamin A homeostasis in the rat

Vitamin A status and turnover were examined in rats that had been exposed to chronic dietary treatment of 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB), 1 mg/kg diet. HCB caused hepatic depletion and renal accumulation of vitamin A, and a 1.7-fold increase in the serum retinol concentration. Intravenously administered [ 3 H]retinol bound to retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex (RBP-TTR complex) was used to study the dynamics of circulatory retinol in these rats. In HCB-treated rats, the plasma turnover rate of retinol was increased compared to vitamin A-adequate untreated controls. HCB caused a 50% reduction of total radioactivity in liver, and, except for 0.5 h after the [ 3 H]retinol-RBP-TTR dose, the specific activity of the hepatic retinyl ester pool was greater compared to control rats. The kidneys of HCB-treated rats accumulated radioactivity in the retinyl ester fraction. HCB also caused a 50% reduction in adrenal radioactivity compared with control rats. Urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity was 3-fold higher in HCB-treated rats as compared to controls. Our findings demonstrate that chronic HCB feeding results in expansion of plasma vitamin A mass, in changes of liver and kidney retinol and retinyl ester pool dynamics and in an increased metabolism of vitamin A.
African american men in nursing: A career opportunity that challenges structural racism

Malcolm X spoke these words one week before he was assassinated, precisely at the time in his life when he realized what was needed was not only civil rights for black people, but human rights for all people. This realization kindled a new vision of revolution, one that included upholding the human rights of all peoples of color, immigrants, the economically impoverished, and the colonized. Malcolm X was making a distinction between civil rights, such as voting, and human rights, a more inclusive concept. Health is one such human right. Who has access to the essential elements of health, and the technology and information needed to promote, maintain, and restore health is a highly political matter (Stevens, 1992; Stevens & Hall, 1992). As he spoke these words, Malcolm X concretized the disempowering consequences to communities when health and health care Separation of occupational roles of Euro
Horne and Ostberg questionnaire : A score distribution in a large sample of young adults

Abstract In the present study, the ‘eveningness-morningness’ dimension, as measured by the Horne and Ostberg (H&O) questionnaire, was examined in a college student population totalling over 1600 undergraduates. The majority of students were found to be evening types (62.4%), and 29.3% were neither type. Very few students were morning types (8.3%), and most of these individuals were significantly older than the students who were classified in the other two types. This is a first large-scale study showing the distribution of the H&O scores in a sample of young adult college students. Also, this study is the first report of significance found between the H&O typology (i.e. an evening and morning type) and gender. Female participants showed significantly stronger tendency toward the morningness dimension (χ2 = 7.05, P
Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae) VI

Cronquistia, a new genus in the Compositae Eupatorieae, is described on the basis ofStevia pringlei S. Watson.S. simulans B. L. Robinson is reduced to synonymy underS. pringlei.
Measurement of ionization rate of photoexcited divalent rare earth ions in fluorite-type crystals

The 4f→5d absorption spectra of Eu2+ in BaF2 and CdF2 are broadened compared to the spectrum of the same ion in SrF2 or CaF2, as has long been realized. By convoluting a Lorentzian with the sharp spectrum of the latter, and adjusting the width good copies of the broadened spectra can be made. The lifetimes of the electron in the excited state are 25 and 70 femtoseconds for BaF2 and CdF2 respectively. The 4f→4f, 8S→6P52 transitions of Eu2+ in BaF2 measured in two-photon spectrosco py are broadened into a Fano type antiresonance profile, from which a 70 fs lifetime is derived.
The results of mitral commissurotomy one to three years after surgery.

CONCLUSION The large majority of carefully selected cases of mitral stenosis with functional impairment submitted to commissurotomy benefit from the procedure and in many cases this benefit persists for at least one to three years. A greater degree of benefit can be anticipated in otherwise satisfactory cases when the right ventricular pressure is markedly elevated. Such elevation can usually be predicted when evidence of right ventricular strain is present on the electrocardiogram. In addition to evidence of improvement in respect to functional capacity, hemoptysis, and paroxysmal dyspnea, a large proportion of cases had objectively demonstrable improvement. This is evident in reduction of right ventricular pressure and decrease of right ventricular force on the electrocardiogram. Decrease in heart size by x-ray is an exceptional finding. Mitral commissurotomy with auricular appendectomy is an effective method for controlling peripheral emboli in patients with mitral stenosis. The presence of a calcified valve may not necessarily prevent lasting or significant benefit from the procedure.
Probing the effect of side chains on the conformation and stability of helical peptides via isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy

The mechanism of helix stabilization or destabilization by different amino acids has been the subject of several experimental and theoretical studies; these studies suggest that large or bulky side chains may modulate helix stability by altering the hydration of the helix backbone. In this paper, we report a spectroscopic study to determine the effect of alanine to leucine substitutions on the conformation and solvation of specific segments of a model helical peptide. A 25-residue, alanine-rich, helical peptide [Ac-(AAAAK) 4 -AAAAY-NH 2 (AKA)] and its two leucine variants [Ac-LLLLK-(AAAAK) 3 -AAAAY-NH 2 (LKA) and Ac-(AAAAK) 4 -LLLLY-NH 2 (AKL)] were characterized by infrared (IR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopies. Introduction of 1 3 C isotopes into specific, consecutive, backbone carbonyls for certain blocks of each of the peptides mentioned above allows the IR spectra to be interpreted in terms of the conformation and solvation of specific residues within the helix. These isotope-edited IR spectra of the leucine peptides do not show evidence of a decrease in the degree of backbone solvation compared to the alanines, but suggest that the peptide may adopt a distorted conformation to accommodate the larger leucine side chains at the N-terminus. These experiments demonstrate the power of isotope-edited IR in dissecting subtle changes in helix conformation at the residue level.
The origin of metal clasts in the Bencubbin meteoritic breccia

The Bencubbin meteorite is a shock-welded breccia consisting of a diverse collection of metal and silicate clasts. Several types of evidence suggest that the metal clasts in Bencubbin retain chemical abundances that were established during condensation. The Cr, Ni, P and trace element abundances are consistent with condensation calculations and are much closer to the predicted compositions of metal condensates than the CM metal particles. In addition, petrographic and chemical evidence strongly suggest that the breccia components were incorporated as solid clasts within the breccia prior to a shock heating event of very short duration, which did not produce significant metamorphic effects.
A ubiquitous, infrastructure-free network for interpersonal communication

Although cellphone hardware is capable of communicating directly with the hardware of other cellphones, this is rarely done. We describe the design of a low-bandwidth peer-to-peer ad-hoc network, AllNet, to provide connectivity among smart mobile devices using established direct, ad-hoc, and delay-tolerant algorithms. AllNet can be used for secure interpersonal communication in a number of situations, most notably in emergencies, but also for social networking, chatting, and organizing. The low resource usage of AllNet encourages individuals to support others' communication, as is needed in this peer-to-peer setting.
Oviposition Patterns in Two Species of Bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) as Influenced by the Dried Leaves of Tetradenia riparia, a Perennial Mint (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) that Suppresses Population Size

Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd. is a Rwandan traditional medicinal plant reported to be used to prevent postharvest insect damage in traditional storage. Addition of milled or crushed leaves of T. riparia at ≥4% (wt/wt) significantly decreased fecundity and fertility of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), which resulted in smaller F1 populations. A concentration of 10% leaves (wt/wt) also increased cumulative larval and pupal mortality for Z. subfasciatus . The increased mortality may be caused by increased competition between Z. subfasciatus larvae within the bean. Competition could be influenced by the great decrease in percentage of beans oviposited upon by Z. subfasciatus. The control achieved against the F1 populations did not persist. Hormoligosis, in the form of increased fecundity, was also found for leaves from one supply at the 1% concentration. In general, the initial inhibitory effects were found to be reproducible using different supplies of leaves. Results were also quite consistent for the two species of Bruchidae, despite innate behavioral differences between them at oviposition and hatch.
Conjugate Structure Method

The conjugate structure method is developed from first principles for the general three-dimensional case including shearing deformations and various sources of excitation. It is shown that the analogy is a direct result of the particular mechanics of reticulated structures and that the anomalies that arise in applying the method are a consequence of the fundamental difference between the static and kinematic problems. Once recognized, the anomalies are easily treated. The success of the approach presented here lies in a clear separation between the static and kinematic problems.
A ten year review of plastics recycling

Abstract A short history of the practice of plastics recycling as practiced in the United States and Europe for the past ten years indicates that much progress has been made in educating the public sector about the environmental damage done by the indiscriminating disposal of plastic items and potential opportunities to recycle them. Recent legislation has made the collection of some discarded plastic articles more efficient, and has provided economic incentives to recover and reuse waste plastics. A discussion of the methods of collecting, separating, cleaning, and fabrication of plastic wastes into useful items leads to the conclusion that much work is yet to be done to develop more efficient ways to perform these tasks. In addition, improvements in blending the disparate plastic materials in wastes could lead to the production of better products made from recycled materials. The public must be made aware of the fact that consumer products made of recycled plastics are often as good as those made of virgin material. And that the resulting environmental benefits as well as energy savings are for the common good.
A Children’s Dental Program for American Indians

A dental health program carried out for many years among American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts may offer guidelines for setting up a national program for children. Because dental resources may never be plentiful in relation to the need, the Service has established program priorities and methods designed to do the most good in the shortest time. An incremental care system including preventive dentistry is followed, beginning with the youngest children available. The Service designed its own clinics and equipment, supports training, research, and development, employs increasing numbers of dental assistants, and is committed to encouraging community participation in program planning.
Magnetic susceptibility of ruthenium(III) in tris-ethylenediamine salts. Effect of outer sphere ligands

Abstract The paramagnetic susceptibility of Ru(III) in tris-ethylenediamine salts has been measured as a function of temperature. In all cases the iodide salt exhibits a greater susceptibility than the bromide salt. This difference may be attributed to a larger degree of temperature independent paramagnetism in the iodide complex due to the presence of low lying charge transfer states.
Marital Migration in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the Colonial and Early Federal Periods

Marriage records from six towns in Essex County, Massachusetts, have been analyzed, to determine the extent of migration at the time of marriage. Records have been considered for three periods, 1701-1720, 1751-1770, and 1801-1820. Rates of endogamous marriage were determined, and the geographical extent of migration considered.
Coherent coupling of two-dimensional arrays of defect cavities in photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

An approach for creating two-dimensional arrays of coherently coupled vertically emitting laser cavities is demonstrated. This is achieved by creating a 2×2 array of defect cavities within the top distributed Bragg reflector of a photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emitting laser. The optical coupling occurs laterally through coupling regions defined between the defect cavities. Modifying the index within the coupling regions, accomplished by varying the hole parameters of the photonic crystal in those regions, leads to out-of-phase coherent coupling observed in the far field. Agreement is found between the simulated and observed out-of-phase far fields.
Uptake and inactivation of a-type prostaglandins by human red cells***

Abstract Incubation of A type prostaglandins with whole blood or washed red cells at 37°C converted them to more polar products with negligible vasodepressor and smooth muscle-contracting activities. This conversion did not occur in platelet-rich plasma. Uptake of the prostaglandins by red cells was demonstrated at both 4°C and 37°C. The data suggest 1) that if PGA is released from tissues into the blood stream or is administered for therapeutic purposes, its biological activity would be diminished by human red cells, and 2) that development of an assay for PGA in blood should take into account its uptake and metabolism by human red cells.
Comparison of antibody array substrates and the use of glycerol to normalize spot morphology.

Abstract Antibody microarrays are a high-throughput proteomic technology used to examine the expression of multiple proteins in complex solutions. Antibody microarrays can be manufactured on a variety of commercially available activated glass or coated slides. The goal of this study was to compare Hydrogel™, nitrocellulose, aldehyde-silane and epoxy-silane slides to determine the amount of antibody bound. The optimal substrate was defined as one that bound the greatest amount of antibody with minimal background. Our studies found that epoxy-silane enhanced surface (ES) slides gave the greatest degree of binding along with a minimal background. However, larger antibody microarrays showed variability in spot size, high intra-spot coefficient of variation and drying artifacts. Increasing the amount of glycerol in the spotting buffer caused a dose-dependent improvement in overall spot morphology. Glycerol was tested on 128 different antibodies and showed decreased: mean spot diameter, intra-spot coefficient of variation and drying artifacts. These studies revealed that the optimal slide substrate was epoxy-silane ES microarray slides. Furthermore, glycerol could normalize spot size, decrease intra-spot coefficient of variability, decrease drying artifacts and increase antibody-spotting density.
Regulation of GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 mRNAs in rat brain by electroconvulsive seizure.

The influence of both acute and chronic electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) or antidepressant drug treatments on expression of mRNAs encoding glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors, GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, and c-Ret proto-oncogene (RET) in the rat hippocampus was examined by in situ hybridization. Two hours after acute ECS, levels of GFRalpha-1 mRNA in the dentate gyrus were significantly increased. This increase peaked to nearly 3-fold at 6 h after acute ECS and returned to basal levels 24 h after treatment. Chronic (once daily for 10 days) ECS significantly increased the expression of GFRalpha-1 mRNA nearly 5-fold after the last treatment. Levels of GFRalpha-2 mRNA in the dentate gyrus were also significantly increased by acute and chronic ECS, although this effect was less than that observed for GFRalpha-1. Maximum induction of GFRalpha-2 was 30% and 70% compared to sham in response to acute or chronic ECS, respectively. Levels of GDNF and RET mRNAs were not significantly changed following either acute or chronic ECS treatment at the time points examined. Chronic (14 days) administration of different classes of antidepressant drugs, including tranylcypromine, desipramine, or fluoxetine, did not significantly affect the GDNF, GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, or RET mRNA levels in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus areas of hippocampus. The results demonstrate that acute ECS increases the expression of GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 and that these effects are enhanced by chronic ECS. The results also imply that regulation of the binding components of GDNF receptor complex may mediate the adaptive responses of the GDNF system to acute and chronic stimulation.
Signal distortion noise in volume phase holograms

Signal distortion noise in volume phase holograms is analysed for the case in which the object beam consists of two plane waves. It is shown that, for a given (on-Bragg) signal diffraction efficiency, the magnitude of the signal distortion noise is inversely proportional to the square of crystal thickness. Furthermore, as a function of the angular position of the reconstruction beam, the signal distortion noise has two peaks: one at the Bragg angle and the other at a deviation Δθ0 from the Bragg angle, where Δθ0 is a function of relative angles between the components of the object beam and the reference beam. The on-Bragg peak of the signal distortion noise is experimentally located for volume phase holograms recorded in Fe-doped LiNbO3. The measured angular position is found to be in accord with the calculated value.
Flexible loads and renewable integration: Distributed control and price of anarchy

New sources of uncertainty and variability are being introduced into modern power grids creating new control challenges. Examples include renewable generation from solar and wind generators, electric vehicles, etc. In addition, there is compelling value in reducing the peak electric power demand as that has a direct beneficial impact of reducing the need for new capital investments in overall power sector. Introduction of new sensing, communications and computational elements offers opportunities for novel control solutions. One promising approach to addressing these problems is to exploit the inherent flexibility in many types of electric power loads and use that to accommodate the inherent variability in renewable generation and/or to reduce the peak demand. In this paper, we focus on electric vehicles(EVs) as flexible loads in the context of renewable generation. We take an intra-day time horizon where we assume we have a good prediction of renewable generation. Based on the supply schedule of thermal generators and predicted supply of renewable generation, the charging of the electric vehicles is controlled to minimize the imbalance between generation and consumption using centralized and distributed control algorithms. We develop a pricing scheme based on the proportional allocation mechanism for the distributed case. Assuming individual loads are price takers, we show that there is a time varying price which can be set by the control authority such that it's objective aligns with the individual's objective. If the users are price anticipators, the corresponding situation can be formulated in a game-theoretic setting. Distributed algorithms are developed to compute solution in both the cases. We also analyze the “price of anarchy” and show that the worst case loss of efficiency is 0.25.
Children's temperament: Intervention for parents*

Using the goodness-of-fit theoretical framework, an intervention study designed to help parents assess and understand the implications of their child's temperament is described. Examples of temperament strategies designed to be consistent with the child's needs are included.
Optical fabrication and metrology for a visible through thermal infrared multi-band imaging system

The optical fabrication, metrology, and system wavefront testing of an off-axis three mirror anastigmatic telescope will be presented. The telescope is part of a multi-band imaging system which includes a single mechanically cooled focal plane with 15 spectral bands covering a wavelength range from 0.45 microns to 10.7 microns and an on board calibration subsystem. The imaging system is to be operated in a low earth orbit in a pushbroom scanning mode. The telescope has a 36 cm aperture, a 1.38 degree cross track by 1.82 degree along-track field of view (FOV), near diffraction limited performance in the visible, and strictly diffraction limited performance from 1.3 microns to 10.7 microns. The primary and the tertiary mirrors are general aspheres which have undergone 80% lightweighting. The secondary mirror is a hyperbola. The primary mirror was extremely difficult to fabricate and test due to its large departure from sphericity, fast f-number, and large off axis distance. The tertiary mirror has a small departure from sphericity and is only slightly off-axis, but it has a very fast f-number also. The surface wavefront measurements for the three mirrors after final figuring and lightweighting are 0.048 waves rms {at}0.6328 microns for the primary mirror and 0.025 waves rms {at}0.6328 microns for the secondary and tertiary mirrors. The telescope wavefront requirement at the center of the along-track FOV is 0.178 waves rms {at}0.6328 microns and at the edge of the along-track FOV is 0.677 waves rms {at} 0.6328 microns.