cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces contractile response of small airways from GSTCD-/- mice

Introduction Genome-Wide Association Studies suggest glutathione S transferase C terminal domain (GSTCD) may play a role in development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. We aimed to define the potential role of GSTCD in airway inflammation and contraction using precision cut lung slice (PCLS) from wild-type (GSTCD+/+) and GSTCD knockout mice (GSTCD-/-). Methods PCLS from age and gender matched GSTCD+/+ and GSTCD-/- mice were prepared using a microtome. Contraction was studied after applying either a single dose of Methacholine (Mch) (1 μM) or different doses of Mch (0.001 to 100 μM). Each slice was then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle (PBS) for 24 hours. PCLS contraction in the same airway was repeated before and after stimulation. Levels of TNFα production was also measured. Results There were no differences in contraction of PCLS from GSTCD+/+ and GSTCD-/- mice in response to Mch (EC50 of GSTCD+/+ vs GSTCD-/- animals: 100.0±20.7 vs 107.7±24.5 nM, p = 0.855, n = 6 animals/group). However, after LPS treatment, there was a 31.6% reduction in contraction in the GSTCD-/- group (p = 0.023, n = 6 animals). There was no significant difference between PBS and LPS treatment groups in GSTCD+/+ animals. We observed a significant increase in TNFα production induced by LPS in GSTCD-/- lung slices compared to the GSTCD+/+ LPS treated slices. Conclusion GSTCD knockout mice showed an increased responsiveness to LPS (as determined by TNFα production) that was accompanied by a reduced contraction of small airways in PCLS. These data highlight an unrecognised potential function of GSTCD in mediating inflammatory signals that affect airway responses.
Clay: synchronous collaborative interactive environment

Clay is an architecture that allows content developers simultaneous, real-time editing access to the same documents. It encourages developers to work together in a collaborative environment and provides guidelines for enforcing logical constraints on developer interaction. Clay is constructed of an extremely diverse set of technologies, with Java acting as a common platform and a transportation mechanism (RMI). This allows us to concentrate on defining the high-level interaction of the clients rather than low-level protocols.The Clay software grew out of the need to provide a team of physically dispersed software developers with the ability to work cohesively on various coding projects. This initial goal provides the motivation for Clay's strong incorporation of traditional solutions (chat, bulletin boards, email, and whiteboard) to problems facing current software collaboration efforts. However, the Clay model has always kept in mind the objective for any type of document to be the focus of collaboration. As a consequence, the Clay architecture is highly extensible and distinctly flexible.
Personalized Choice Model for Managed Lane Travel Behavior

This paper presents a methodology for enhancing discrete choice models for managed lane travel behavior with personal trip history. We refer to this process as personalization and the enhanced mode...
Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Use Visual Representations as Strategy to Solve Mathematics Problems: What Did They Learn?

Recognizing the multiple interacting layers of pedagogical content knowledge, in this article, we present the findings from a study that examined the extent to which participation in case-based ins...
Comparing SPECT CT imaging of spleen with Heat-damaged 99mTc-RBC and 99mTc- Sulfur Colloid.

1366 Background: Heterotaxia is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality, which partially is attributed to asplenia. Two methods for Nuclear visualization of spleen exist. We compare diagnostic value of Heat Damaged (HD) 99mTc-RBC and 99mTc-sulfur colloid (SC) imaging based on case reports. We implemented HD 99mTc-RBCs in attempt to reduce children’s radiation exposure with reducing need for CT and for improving specificity of the splenic study. Patients and Methods: Between July and December 2020, 9 patients were evaluated for spleen including 5 patients with the suspected heterotaxia. 4 infants less than 8 weeks old. 3 children were referred for Sickle cell disease. 1 of the 9 patients was an adult with history of recent peritoneal lesions of unclear etiology and splenectomy secondary to trauma as a child. HD 99mTc-RBC and 99mTc-SC scans were performed following SNMMI guidelines on Siemens Symbia T scanners. Results: 3 infants required a CT scan for conclusion of diagnosis following 99mTc-SC planar and SPECT imaging. One 99mTc-SC scan for 7 weeks old child demonstrated dextro position of liver and normal splenic activity in the right upper abdominal quadrant while ultrasound scan diagnosed as absent spleen. An ultrasound in 10-day-old male demonstrated spleen with normal echogenicity measuring 1.2 cm in right upper abdominal quadrant, however, there was no evidence of splenic uptake of 99mTc-RBCs also confirmed with SPECT CT. In two cases where spleen was detected close to normal size (about 4cm) both 99mTc-SC and 99mTc-RBC scan confirmed presence of functional activity in the spleen. In case of childhood traumatic asplenia with liver lesions of unclear etiology and negative 99mTc-SC scan, use of HD 99mTc-RBC SPECT CT for localization of lesions helped to avoid unnecessary invasive procedure. In all patients with HD 99mTc-RBC and functional spleen, the uptake in the spleen exceeded hepatic background, however, not to the level that could exclude the need for SPECT CT completion for definitive diagnosis of the presence of the liver. Only in 3 patients with sickle cell disease SPECT alone was conclusive for presence of spleen. Conclusions: From our experience of 9 patients for evaluation of spleen in the last 6 months suggest HD 99mTc-RBC scan is complementary to the Tc 99m-SC scan and ultrasound scan. Use of HD 99mTc-RBC improves sensitivity of Spleen scan, but does not change specificity. SPECT CT is required in all cases when the differential diagnosis between the uptake in hepatic parenchyma and spleen is needed. Legend: Left - planar AP and lateral images of spleen more prominent than liver with HD 99mTc-RBC; middle - CT; right - SPECT-CT fusion demonstrating functional spleen in dextraposition.
Answers to Questions in Chapter 1 & 2 of Business Analysis & Valuation Using Financial Statements by Krishna, G. Palepu and Healy, Paul M.

The authors of the book “Business Analysis and Valuation Using Financial Statements” are Krishna G. Palepu, PhD and Paul M. Healy, PhD, ACA. Both are subject matter experts in business administration and professors at Harvard University. These professors in addition to being forces to reckon with as far as business research is concerned, are part of various academic boards and are authors of numerous academic books. Financial statements provide various forms of business analysis. These analyses range from: monitoring and judging firms’ performance relative to competitors; providing insights on the financial policies to be used; financial reports to investors including evaluation of new business to be acquired. They can be used to rate and evaluate companies before they are recommended to clients by security analysts; valuation of prospective buy outs, mergers and acquisitions and also come in handy in the evaluation of the creditworthiness of customers before they are given loans by banks (Healy & Krishna, 2012).
Open OnDemand as a Platformfor Virtual Learning in Higher Education

The need for distance and virtual learning platforms has been emphasized by the COVID-19 pandemic. With the closure of campuses in Spring of 2020 and many classes moving to online only in Fall of 2020, platforms for facilitating computationally oriented curriculum have had to be quickly adopted. Open OnDemand offers a familiar web-based portal to computational resources such as high-performance computing and cloud. Through OnDemands customizable dashboard, students can be offered an interface tailored to the course schedule giving them a just what I need view. Advantages to instructors include a web accessible, platform agnostic interface leading to less time for troubleshooting local student platforms and more time for discussion of the core course curriculum, a fully customizable course page, access controls, and more. Here we present Open OnDemand as a platform for developing, deploying, and presenting software and course material to software-oriented classes as used at Ohio Supercomputer Center and Virginia Tech.
Wavelength modulation off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for biogenic NO detection in human breath

A compact gas sensor based on a CW mid-infrared tunable quantum cascade laser and wavelength modulation off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy has been developed to measure biogenic NO concentrations in human breath.
Marine toxins from the Pacific—IX: Some effects of ciguatoxin on isolated mammalian atria☆

Abstract Ciguatoxin produced an initial negative inotropic and chronotropic effect which was followed by a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect on the isolated rat atria. The initial depression could be effectively blocked by atropine (1 × 10 −7 g per ml), and partially blocked by hexamethonium or hemicholinium-3 (2 × 10 −5 g per ml). The positive inotropic and chronotropic action of ciguatoxin was reduced by pretreating the atria with MJ-1999 (1 × 10 −6 g per ml) or guanethidine (1 × 10 −6 g per ml). Abolition of the response to ciguatoxin could also be accomplished with a single dose of 2 mg per kg of reserpine given to the rat 24 hr before isolating the heart. It is not yet possible to correlate inotropic and chronotropic effects of the toxin with the release of catecholamines, but it seems likely that excitatory effect of the toxin may be elicited by a release of catecholamines from their stores.
Bulk operations for space-partitioning trees

The emergence of extensible index structures, e.g., GiST (generalized search tree) [J.M. Hellerstein et al. (1995)] and SP-GiST (space-partitioning generalized search tree) [W. G Aref et al., (2001)], calls for a set of extensible algorithms to support different operations (e.g., insertion, deletion, and search). Extensible bulk operations (e.g., bulk loading and bulk insertion) are of the same importance and need to be supported in these index engines. In this paper, we propose two extensible buffer-based algorithms for bulk operations in the class of space-partitioning trees; a class of hierarchical data structures that recursively decompose the space into disjoint partitions. The main idea of these algorithms is to build an in-memory tree of the target space-partitioning index. Then, data items are recursively partitioned into disk-based buffers using the in-memory tree. Although the second algorithm is designed for bulk insertion, it can be used in bulk loading as well. The proposed extensible algorithms are implemented inside SP-GiST; a framework for supporting the class of space-partitioning trees. Both algorithms have I/O bound O(NH/B), where N is the number of data items to be bulk loaded/inserted, B is the number of tree nodes that can fit in one disk page, H is the tree height in terms of pages after applying a clustering algorithm. Experimental results are provided to show the scalability and applicability of the proposed algorithms for the class of space-partitioning trees. A comparison of the two proposed algorithms shows that the first algorithm performs better in case of bulk loading. However the second algorithm is more general and can be used for efficient bulk insertion.
AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research – Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Implications, Huntington Beach, California, USA, 8–12 October 2003

The recent meeting 'Advances in Breast Cancer Research – Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Implications' was an American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Special Conference in Cancer Research, for which the underwriting sponsor was the Avon Foundation. Presentations were made from prominent scientists on several relevant basic science and clinic-oriented topics, including mammary stem cells and development, steroid receptors, matrix and stromal–epithelial interactions, oncogene signaling and imaging, genetics and prevention, and molecular therapeutics. A summary of recent findings is presented here, with a particular emphasis on unpublished work.
quantifying the level of congruence between two career measures: an exploratory study

This study investigated the level of congruency between scores on the Self-Directed Search–Form R (J. L. Holland, 1994) and scores from an online instrument, both of which measure Holland types (J. L. Holland, 1985, 1997). A reasonably high level of congruence was found. Implications for career counselors are briefly delineated.
Hyperoxaluria in chronic renal disease associated with spinal cord injury

Eleven patients who had advanced renal failure associated with spinal cord injury were studied, and the majority exhibited hyperoxaluria, although none showed hypercalciuria. Urinary citrate was markedly reduced in all of the patients.
The nuclear envelope: Its breakdown and fate in mammalian oogonia and oocytes

The dissolution of the nuclear envelope (NE) has been studied ultrastructurally in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. NE breakdown begins with the undulation of the nuclear envelope followed by the disappearance of nuclear pores. Subsequently, extensive NE convolutions, possibly caused by impinging microtubules, result in the apposition of adjacent NE segments, the appearance of breaks and the formation of NE doublets. Doublets may also be formed by the apposition of intranuclear cisternae to the inner leaflet of the NE. Nuclear envelope breakdown in mouse oocytes takes approximately three and one-half hours in vitro. The fate of the resulting nuclear envelope fragments has been followed in both mouse oocytes and human oogonia. In the mouse, NE doublets separate into individual cisternae, indistinguishable from endoplasmic reticulum, by the time of the first meiotic metaphase. A different fate for NE doublets is suggested in human oogonia which retain NE doublets throughout the division cycle. The nuclear envelope of the daughter cells reforms, at least in part, from NE doublets by separation of the apposed cisternae into single units and the re-establishment of chromosomal contact. Thus, at least some of the NE appears to be conserved in actively dividing human oogonia.
Extractive alkylation of 5,2′-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis

Abstract Niclosamide (5,2′-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide), formulated as the ethanolamine salt, is one of the most effective and widely used molluscicides for the control of snail vectors of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease afflicting over 200 million people in more than 70 countries. This report details the development of a sensitive, specific analytical method for the evaluation of niclosamide formulations and assessment of the impact of residues on the environment. Efficient (>85%) phase-transfer, N,O-dimethylation of niclosamide and the synthesized 5-deschloro analog internal standard, followed by gas-liquid chromatographic separation and electron-capture detection, permits the determination of as little as 10 ppb analyte in fortified, stagnant water. Tetrabutylammonium chloride was the phase-transfer agent, while methyl iodide was the methylating agent of choice among four investigated.
Components of left ventricular dysfunction discriminated noninvasively beat by beat.

Abstract Disturbed left ventricular contractility and synchrony were studied noninvasively beat by beat with simultaneous systolic time intervals and acceleration ballistocardiograms during quiet respiration. Thirty-six measures per beat, reduced to 7 by appropriate statistical methods, produced a linear discriminant function, based on a split training sample of 15 normal men (258 beats) and 9 men (149 beats) with proved myocardial infarctions. Validation tests on an independent set classified 89% of the beats from 12 tested normal subjects as “normal” and 96% of the beats from 6 tested men who had had infarction as “coronary-like,” a physiologic, not etiologic, classification. In 14 hypertensive patients with no history or findings of coronary artery disease, 8 had 72 to 100% coronary-like beats per subject, suggesting unrecognized coronary artery disease, the cumulative effect of hypertension, or both. This method may help identify hypertensive patients at greater risk. Factor analysis found 4 discrete groups of the 7 discriminant variables that function together. Despite beat-to-beat variations due to respiration, myocardial dysfunction (when present) and individual differences, dysfunctional beats can be identified by these methods. They may also be applied to other multivariate data to extract the maximal information despite complex interactions.
Effect of plasma and hole current on the optical absorption of InSb

Abstract The changes in absorption coefficient due to currents in p -type indium antimonide were measured at 87°K, using polarized radiation with energies from 0.052 to 0.22 eV. Data from injecting samples showed plasmon effects. Data from a noninjecting sample agreed qualitatively with the theory of Baumgardner and Woodruff.
Mystery fiction and modern life

The detective novel is both a product of the twentieth century and a response to the needs of readers forced to deal with social and political insecurities of the time. Thus codes of modernity are the essence of the genre, and its plausibility relies upon the degree of the readers' expectations, demands, and vicarious experiences. Even one of mystery fiction's hallmarks, the seemingly improbable but consequential encounter with strangers, is assimilated in the modern sensibility, which has been shaped by concepts of trust and confidence, of rationalism and emotion, of expertise and amateurism, and of ideology and morality. This intelligent and probing analysis of the detective novel shows how the fictional world portrayed by the mystery writer is perceived as parallel with the actual world. This apparent unity of the fictional thriller and veritable circumstance would make it possible for some high-ranking diplomat to outwit his adversaries by emulating the exploits of Sherlock Holmes. Similarly, a professor of medicine might assign students the study of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories as exercises in detection or in drawing inferences, for like the work of Holmes the practice of medicine connects visible symptoms to their invisible causes. In the light of this concept of modernity Mystery Fiction and Modern Life examines works by Doyle, Edgar Allan Poe, John Buchan, Eric Ambler, Dashiell Hammett, Ross Macdonald, Tony Hillerman, Agatha Christie, Helen MacInnes, Patricia Cornwell, Marcia Muller, Sara Paretsky, Anthony Price, and others. R. Gordon Kelly is an associate professor of American Studies at the University of Maryland.
MARRIAGE ROLES, CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY TREATMENT.

Marriage roles may be understood in terms of five functions: solidarity, sexuality, external relations, internal instrumentality and division of responsibility. Disturbed marriage roles may result in disturbed parent-child relations within the same function. Many cases of child disorder, then, may be corrected by treating the role function of the parents' marriage.
The kinin receptor is expressed in the Malpighian tubule stellate cells in the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.): a new model needed to explain ion transport?

Abstract It is known that insect kinins increase diuresis and fluid secretion in the Aedes aegypti Malpighian tubule, causing a rapid drop of the transepithelial resistance and increasing chloride conductance from the hemolymph towards the tubule lumen. The tubule is composed of both principal and stellate cells. The main route for increased chloride influx upon kinin treatment is proposed to be paracellular, with septate junctions acquiring increased chloride selectivity and conductance. Therefore, kinin treatment renders the Ae. aegypti tubule a “leaky epithelium”, and under this model the kinin receptor is postulated to be expressed in principal cells. However, in another dipteran, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the main route for chloride transport is transcellular through stellate cells. In both the fruit fly and the mosquito Anopheles stephensi the kinin receptor has been immunolocalized in stellate cells, where it regulates transepithelial chloride permeability. Here we show that in Ae. aegypti, similarly, the stellate cells express the kinin receptor. This was confirmed through immunohistochemistry with two specific anti-kinin receptor antibodies and confocal analysis. The receptor is detected as a 75 kDa band in western blot. These results indicate that the currently accepted model for chloride transport must be re-evaluated in Ae. aegypti and suggest the kinin regulatory signals controlling intercellular junctions originate in the stellate cells.
The effects of closure on the moments of a distribution

When percentages are formed from uncorrelated, normally distributed parent variables the moments of the percentage distribution may differ considerably from those of the parents. Equations can be derived which enable the approximation of the moments of a percentage variable in terms of the moments of the parent distribution, the row sum statistics, and the correlation between a part of a sum and the sum (the part-whole correlation). If the part-whole correlation is negative the mean and variance of the percentage are increased (relative to the means and variances of those variables with a positive part-whole correlation) and the percentage variable will exhibit a positive skewness. If the part-whole correlation is positive the percentage variable will be negatively skewed if, and only if, the part-whole correlation is greater than the ratio of the coefficient of variation of the row sum (T) to the coefficient of variation of the parent variable. The kurtosis of the percentage variable must be greater than that of the parent variable regardless of the sign of the part-whole correlation. It is obvious that the interpretation or explanation of the distribution of a percentage variable must include an assessment of the effects of percentage formation. However, at the present time the isolation of the percentage effect appears to be impossible unless the parent data set is available.
Characterization of α2-macroglobulin from plasma of cystic fibrosis patients and controls

The physical, kinetic, and isoelectric focusing properties of native alpha 2-macroglobulin from cystic fibrosis and control plasmas were studied. No differences were found in the esterolytic activity levels of control, obligate heterozygote, and cystic fibrosis plasmas. Stability studies indicated that both control and cystic fibrosis alpha 2-macroglobulin retained full activity for at least 8 months at -20 degrees C, a week at 0-4 degrees C, 11 hr at 50 degrees C, and showed no differences in thermostability at several preincubation temperatures. The microheterogeneity of native alpha 2-macroglobulin was studied by column isoelectric focusing of five control and five cystic fibrosis plasmas. The number and pI values of the isoelectric forms between pH 4.5-8.0 were quite similar for both groups even though consistently less cystic fibrosis alpha 2-macroglobulin activity was recovered after isoelectric focusing.
Formation of aromatic compounds from condensation reactions of cellulose degradation products

Considerable interest has developed over the last decade concerning renewable alternatives for petroleum-based fuels. A likely candidate for such renewable fuels may be produced by the liquefaction of biomass under aqueous, alkaline conditions.
Busy brains, boasters' gains: Self-promotion effectiveness depends on audiences cognitive resources

Abstract Impression management research suggests variability in the effectiveness of self-promotion: audiences grant self-promoters more status in some situations than others. We propose that self-promotion effectiveness depends on the audience's cognitive resources. When audiences are cognitively busy, they are more likely to misattribute the source of promoting information, and thus fail to penalize self-promoters for violating norms of politeness and modesty. Thus, self-promoters are perceived as more communal, and granted more status, when audiences are cognitively busy. These predictions were supported across two experiments, which varied the source of the promoting information about a target (self vs. other, Experiment 1), and the level of self-promotion (Experiment 2), and used different manipulations of cognitive busyness — divided mental attention (Experiment 1) and time pressure (Experiment 2). These studies provide insight into the conditions under which self-promotion is effective vs. ineffective, and contribute to our theoretical understanding of status judgments.
Evaluating Impacts from Noxious Facilities: Including Public Preferences in Current Siting Mechanisms

Abstract This paper describes an approach to facility siting that ranks potential sites in terms of their social impacts. A contingent choice survey based on paired comparisons is used to construct a utility index to rank sites consistent with predicting results of a hypothetical referendum based on the attributes of the sites. The method is likely to be acceptable to public decision makers, since it is analogous to site scoring methods that have been commonly used. Indeed, our approach is currently being employed as part of a larger landfill site selection process in the state of Rhode Island.
The Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase is coupled to and antagonized by the Ubp2 deubiquitinating enzyme

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rsp5 is an essential HECT ubiquitin ligase involved in several biological processes. To gain further insight into regulation of this enzyme, we identified proteins that copurified with epitope-tagged Rsp5. Ubp2, a deubiquitinating enzyme, was a prominent copurifying protein. Rup1, a previously uncharacterized UBA domain protein, was required for binding of Rsp5 to Ubp2 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Ubp2 or Rup1 in the rsp5-1 mutant elicited a strong growth defect, while overexpression of a catalytically inactive Ubp2 mutant or Rup1 deleted of the UBA domain did not, suggesting an antagonistic relationship between Rsp5 and the Ubp2/Rup1 complex. Consistent with this model, rsp5-1 temperature sensitivity was suppressed by either ubp2Delta or rup1Delta mutations. Ubp2 reversed Rsp5-catalyzed substrate ubiquitination in vitro, and Rsp5 and Ubp2 preferentially assembled and disassembled, respectively, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Together, these results indicate that Rsp5 activity is modulated by being physically coupled to the Rup1/Ubp2 deubiquitinating enzyme complex, representing a novel mode of regulation for an HECT ubiquitin ligase.
Review of magnetic methods for nondestructive evaluation

Abstract This paper provides a guideline to the literature of magnetic techniques for nondestructive evaluation. Compared with other NDE methods such as ultrasonics or eddy currents, the literature for magnetic methods is relatively small, but one of the difficulties is that it is widely scattered. This review therefore presents a fairly comprehensive summary of works on Barkhausen effect, magnetoacoustic emission, magtenic hysteresis, residual field and magnetically induced velocity change methods that have appeared to date.
Streamlining Data for Cross-Platform Web Delivery

Smartphone users expect the presentation of Web sites on their mobile browsers to look and feel like native applications. With the pressure on library Web developers to produce app-like mobile sites, there is often a rush to get a site up without considering the importance of reusing or even restructuring the data driving the Web sites. An additional challenge is the content maintenance required of any Web site, regardless of platform, underscoring the advantage of pulling content from other systems to decrease redundancy. This article highlights case studies from two large research universities, examines how each one is streamlining its data for multiple Web-based platforms, and discusses how to work toward making data more flexible so content is delivered from single source points rather than duplicated on individual delivery platforms.
Antisense RNA inactivation of myosin heavy chain gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum

The role of myosin in the contraction of striated muscle cells is well known, but its importance in nonmuscle cells is not yet clear. The function of myosin in Dictyostelium discoideum has been investigated by isolating cells which specifically lack myosin heavy chain (MHC A) protein. Cells were transformed with a vector encoding RNA complementary to mhcA messenger RNA (antisense RNA). Stable transformants have a dramatic reduction in the amount of MHC A protein, grow slowly, and generate giant multinucleated progeny, indicating an impairment in cytokinesis. Surprisingly, the cells adhere to surfaces, extend pseudopods and are capable of ameboid locomotion. The developmental sequence that is initiated by starving cells is severely impaired by the lack of myosin. The cells are unable to form multicellular aggregates normally and do not undergo subsequent morphogenesis. By changing the food source from liquid medium to bacteria, expression of the endogenous mhcA messenger RNA can be increased relative to expression of antisense RNA. When grown in this way, the transformed cells accumulate MHC A protein, remain mononucleate, and proceed through development normally.
Zenker’s diverticulum — a case report

A Zenker’s diverticulum is a blind pouch that branches off the cervical esophagus. Affected individuals may suffer from long-standing swallowing difficulties, regurgitation, bad breath, weight loss, and even aspiration.. Here we report a 80-years-old male presenting with dysphagia and regurgitation. Barium swallow reported the presence of a Zenker’s diveticulum. In view of the patient’s age, endoscopic diathermy was considered as a therapeutic option for the management.
Aligning health information technologies with effective service delivery models to improve chronic disease care.

Abstract Objective Healthcare reforms in the United States, including the Affordable Care and HITECH Acts, and the NCQA criteria for the Patient Centered Medical Home have promoted health information technology (HIT) and the integration of general medical and mental health services. These developments, which aim to improve chronic disease care, have largely occurred in parallel, with little attention to the need for coordination. In this article, the fundamental connections between HIT and improvements in chronic disease management are explored. We use the evidence-based collaborative care model as an example, with attention to health literacy improvement for supporting patient engagement in care. Method A review of the literature was conducted to identify how HIT and collaborative care, an evidence-based model of chronic disease care, support each other. Results Five key principles of effective collaborative care are outlined: care is patient-centered, evidence-based, measurement-based, population-based, and accountable. The potential role of HIT in implementing each principle is discussed. Key features of the mobile health paradigm are described, including how they can extend evidence-based treatment beyond traditional clinical settings. Conclusion HIT, and particularly mobile health, can enhance collaborative care interventions, and thus improve the health of individuals and populations when deployed in integrated delivery systems
The anti-inflammatory approach to septic shock

Our clinical experience with anti-inflammatory agents in patients with sepsis has been a disappointing one thus far. To better define the role of inflammation and the applicability of immunomodulators in sepsis, we have administered either anti-inflammatory (leukocyte adhesion complex directed monoclonal antibodies, CD11/18 MAb) or pro-inflammatory (recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF) agents in animals challenged with infectious or noninfectious inflammatory stimuli at intra- or extravascular sites. Inhibition of inflammation with CD11/18 MAb, reduced lung injury and improved survival with intravenous (TV) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in canines. However, CD11/18 MAb with intrabronchial (IB) or intraperitoneal (IP) E. coli challenge, although improving lung injury with pneumonia, worsened host defense, hemodynamics and survival. In canines with IP or IB E. coli, or IV endotoxin, prophylactic G-CSF improved host defense, hemodynamics and survival. However, G-CSF with IB E. coli in the canine increased lung dysfunction and with a higher bacterial dose in the rat worsened both lung injury and survival. In additional studies in rats alone, the effects of prophylactic G-CSF on survival were fundamentally different, depending upon the site and the lethality of E. coli challenge. In a final study, canines were challenged with IP E. coli and then treated with G-CSF therapeutically. Despite using a range of doses, G-CSF did not improve any parameter of outcome in these studies and in very high doses appeared harmful. In our animal models, both pro- and anti-inflammatory agents had widely divergent effects on organ injury and survival. The disparate roles of inflammation in host defense and tissue injury may in part explain these results. Altering the inflammatory response during sepsis is more complicated than we originally expected. For pro- and anti-inflammatory agents to be maximally effective in clinical trials of sepsis, our animal data suggest that the influence of variables related to both the therapy (e.g. dose and timing) and the precipitating infection (e.g. severity, site and type) need to be clarified.
On the time evolution of light scattering intensity from binary liquids quenched near and above the critical point

Abstract A method is presented for calculating the time evolution and the angular distribution or the intensity intensity scattered by a system which is quenched rapidly above and near its critical point. If the system is quenched exactly to the critical temperature, the two-point, equal-time correlation function has a universal scaling form, as a function of time and wave- number
Radiolabeled porphyrin vs gallium-67 citrate for the detection of human melanoma in athymic mice.

We performed the biodistribution and imaging studies of 111 In and 67 Ga labeled tetra(4- N -methylpyridyl)porphine, (T4NMPYP), and compared it to that of 67 Ga-citrate in athymic mice bearing a human melanoma xenograft. The biodistribution results of both 111 In and 67 Ga labeled T4NMPYP (3, 6, 24 and 48 h) were similar but differed from that of 67 Ga-citrate (48 h). The optimum tumor uptake of both radiolabeled porphyrins was at 6 h post-injection and was lower than the tumor uptake of 67 Ga-citrate at 48 h post-injection. Kidney was the only organ showing higher uptake of radiolabeled porphyrin compared to that of 67 Ga-citrate. The imaging studies performed with 111 In-T4NMPYP and 67 Ga-citrate correspond to the biodistribution results. Osteomyelitis present in one mouse showed good localization of 111 In-T4NMPYP.
Complex Numbers and the Ham Sandwich Theorem

(2006). Complex Numbers and the Ham Sandwich Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 113, No. 10, pp. 935-937.
Validity of the thermalization approximation in amorphous semiconductors

Abstract It has recently been suggested that the thermalization approximation cannot account for the transient response in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. We show that even if well-defined defect states are present in large concentrations, a modification of the simple model that explicitly takes into account emission from populated defect levels below the demarcation level is valid and can quantitatively explain the data.
An interpretation of toxicity response of bobwhite quail with respect to duration of exposure

Avian dietary toxicity tests were conducted with seven pesticides, two age groups (2 and 16 weeks old) of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and two durations (5 and 28 days) of exposure. Results were analyzed with an emphasis placed upon comparing mortalities on similar test conditions. An analysis that used the entire dose-time-response results led to the calculation of a common measure (asymptotic rate e) of temporal development of the response surface and served as a basis of comparison of diverse test results. The asymptotic median lethal concentrations were designated by ALC50 and the median lethal concentrations at the end of a test period by LC50. It was found that: (1) Young birds in 5- and 28-day tests were more sensitive to incremental increases in the duration of exposure than adults. (2) Young birds were less sensitive to incremental increases of dietary concentration than adults only in the 5-day test and displayed delayed response patterns in six of seven chemicals in those tests. (3) LC50 values of 5-day tests of young birds were greater than LC50 values of 28-day tests, but the corresponding ALC50s were smaller in 5-day tests than 28-day tests. (4) ALC50s for 28-day tests were lower for young birds than for adults. The analysis based on the whole response surface can be used in the design of experiments, in utilizing less than optimum test results due to difficulties encountered during the test in selecting optimum dietary concentration, in linking results of short term exposure with long-term exposure, and in interpreting results of variable exposure tests on a common basis.
Mount St. Helens Volcano: Recent and Future Behavior

Mount St. Helens volcano in southern Washington has erupted many times during the last 4000 years, usually after brief dormant periods. This behavior pattern. suggests that the volcano, last active in 1857, will erupt again-perhaps within the next few decades. Potential volcanic hazards of several kinds should be considered in planning for land use near the volcano.
In vivo modulation of norepinephrine-induced cerebral oxygenation states by hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Abstract The effect of intravenous norepinephrine (NE) administration on three O 2 -dependent parameters of cerebral oxygenation was studied in the parietal cortex of skull intact anesthetized rats. Reflectance spectrophotometry was used to measure in vivo changes in cortical hemoglobin saturation (Hb/HbO 2 ), blood volume (BV), and cytochromec oxidase (cyt.a, a 3 ) oxidation-reduction state. The influence of arterial pressure of oxygen (p a O 2 ) on norepinephrine-induced changes in cortical microcirculatory O 2 delivery and cyt.a, a 3 redox state was tested under conditions of normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. Norepinephrine produced cyt.a, a 3 redox changes which were independent of compensatory alterations in cortical blood volume and changes in systemic blood pressure at the tested physiological extremes. During normoxia, NE caused dose-dependent systemic pressure-related increases in the oxidation level of cyt.a, a 3 . Conversely, in hypoxia NE caused a reduction. Microcirculatory and cyt.a, a 3 redox responses to low doses of NE during hyperoxia were similar to those obtained at high doses during normoxia. The kinetic pattern of changes in hemoglobin saturation, cyt.a, a 3 redox state, and cortical blood volume during normoxia and hypoxia was consistent with direct alteration in oxygen delivery to the respiratory chain and possible modification of cerebral oxidative metabolism. Blood-barrier alterations and vascular smooth muscle resistance changes to NE under tested conditions of oxygenation are postulated to be responsible for the observed results.
Kinematic Dynamo Models

Spherical kinematic dynamo models with axisymmetric magnetic fields are examined, which arise from the mean field electrodynamics of Steenbeck and Krause, and also from the nearly axisymmetric limit of Braginskii. Four main cases are considered: (i) there is no mean flow, but the dynamo is maintained by microscale motions which create a mean electromotive force, ( E ) , proportional to the mean magnetic field, B (the α effect); (ii) in addition to an α effect which creates poloidal mean field from toroidal, a mean toroidal shearing flow (angular velocity w ) is present which creates toroidal mean field from poloidal more efficiently than by the α effect; (iii) in addition to the processes operative in (ii), a mean meridional circulation, m , is present; (iv) ( E ) is produced by a second order inductive process first isolated by Radler. When these processes are sufficiently strong, they can maintain magnetic fields. The resulting situations are known as (i) α 2 dynamos, (ii) αω dynamos, (iii) αω dynamos with meridional circulations, and (iv) Radler dynamos. Models of each type are considered below, but cases (ii) and (iii) give rise to particularly interesting results. If | m | is sufficiently small, or zero [case (ii)], the most easily excited dynamo is oscillatory and is of dipole type if α ω ′ 0 in the northern hemisphere (and negative in the southern); here ω ′ denotes the outward gradient of ω . The oscillation resembles a Parker dynamo wave, generated at the poles, absorbed at the equator and always moving towards lower latitudes, as for the butterfly diagrams of sunspots. If α ω ′ > 0 in the northern hemisphere, the direction of wave motion is reversed, and also the quadrupolar solution is more readily excited than the dipolar. If | m | is sufficiently large, and of the right magnitude and sense (which is model dependent), it is found that the dynamo which regenerates most easily is steady. It is of dipolar form if α ω ′ > 0 but quadrupolar if α ω ′ 0 . These models appear to be relevant to the Earth, where meridional circulations might be provided by, for example, Ekman pumping. Evidence for a remarkable symmetry property is adduced. If m and α ω ′ are reversed everywhere in the state in which the dipole (say) is most readily excited, it is found that the state in which a quadrupole is most easily regenerated is recovered, almost precisely. Moreover, the critical magnetic Reynolds number for each is closely similar. As a corollary, the critical Reynolds numbers for dipolar and quadrupolar solutions of opposite α ω ′ are nearly identical for the α ω dynamo (m = 0).
Rethinking Library Service: Improving the User Experience with Service Blueprinting

Service blueprinting is a process that businesses use for analyzing and improving service. Originally presented in the Harvard Business Review in 1984, it has retained a strong following ever since. At present, it is experiencing a revival at numerous academic institutions. The authors of this article present the process of service blueprinting. They illustrate it with an example that will be familiar to a range of librarians at academic libraries.
Associative and categorical processes in children's memory: The role of automaticity in the development of organization in free recall ☆

Free recall performance was assessed in children in Grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) on a list of categorically related words constructed so that some items within a category were highly associated with one another and interitem associations were low among other items (e.g., dog, cat, cow, lion, tiger). Associative relations were used frequently in recall by subjects of all ages, with analyses of interitem latencies and correlations between recall and clustering indicating that organization in recall was based only on associative relations for the third and fifth graders but based on both associative and nonassociative categorical relations for older subjects. Examination of the placement of high associates in recall indicated that seventh- and ninth-grade children were more apt to use associative relations to begin category clusters than were younger children or adults. These children were hypothesized to use the relatively automatic activation of associative relations to instigate categorical organization and to represent a stage in development between nonstrategic younger children and strategic adults. The results were discussed in terms of the role that the automatic activation of semantic memory relations may play in the development of strategic memory organization.
In Vitro Activity of Cefaclor Against Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Cefaclor (CCL), a new cephalosporin, was tested in vitro against 602 (271 anaerobic and 331 aerobic) clinical isolates in comparison with cephalothin, cefazolin, cephradine, and cefamandole. Sixteen micrograms of CCL per ml inhibited 68% of all aerobes tested and 80% of the 211 enteropathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella) isolated from cases of infantile diarrhoea. CCL inhibited 88% of gram-positive anaerobic cocci and 72% of Bacteroides other than B. fragilis at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. B. fragilis and Clostridia were resistant to CCL. Increased inoculum of E. coli from 105 to 109 increased the minimal inhibitory concentration of CCL and cefamandole by fourfold against 7 of the 64 strains tested. All seven were beta-lactamase negative. No antimicrobial synergism was noted between CCL and penicillin. The in vitro efficacy of CCL, an oral cephalosporin, against enteropathogenic E. coli, if proven safe, may be tested in vivo against such infections.
Sums of 2n-th powers of real meromorphic functions

LetF be the field of real meromorphic functions on a compact connected real analytic surface. Given a positive integern, we characterize those elements ofF which can be written as a sum of 2n-th powers of elements ofF.
Review of Hugh Pyper, An Unsuitable Book

George Aichele reviews Hugh S. Pyper’s An Unsuitable Book: The Bible As Scandalous Text . Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2005. Pp. viii + 186. $85 (cloth).
Imperial Power and Dictatorship: Britain and the Rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926

[Reza Khan] seemed to me a strong and fearless man who had his country's good at heart. —Sir Edmund Ironside, recalling late 1920 Reza… has never spoken for himself, nor… [his] Government… but only on behalf of his country… —Sir Percy Loraine, January 1922 He is secretive, suspicious and ignorant; he appears wholly unable to grasp the realities of the situation or to realise the force of the hostility he has aroused. —Harold Nicolson, September 1926 I fear we can do nothing to humanise this bloodthirsty lunatic. —Sir Robert Vansittart, December 1933 Born in obscurity about 1878 and soon orphaned, Reza Pahlavi enlisted at fifteen in a Russian-officered Cossack brigade. Rising through the ranks, he provided force for a February 1921 coup d'etat, seizing power for journalist Sayyid Zia alDin Tabatabai. Reza Khan provided strength in the new government and rose from army commander to minister of war (April 1921) to prime minister (1923) and, after failing to make a republic in 1924, to the throne in 1925. As shah he ruled with increasingly arbitrary power until Britain and Russia deposed him in 1941. He died in exile in 1944.
Dynamic programming with colour graphics smoothing for open-pit design on a personal computer

Dynamic programming is a technique which has been used to design the optimum final surface mining pit limit. In using dynamic programming there is a trade-off: if the geometric constraints are specified too strictly, the pit limit will not be the optimum, but if they are specified more loosely, then the computed pit contours must be smoothed. The smoothing process has usually been manual and is time consuming. In this paper a colour graphics computer routine is presented. This not only facilitates the smoothing but also has the following benefits: open-pit limits can be designed interactively on a personal computer; pit designs that are closer to the economic optimum can be obtained; and the engineer can bring his or her own experience and intuition to bear on the final open-pit design.