cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal studies of the dinoflagellate Ceratium longipes (Bailey) Gran in the Bedford Basin, Canada

Abstract During an extensive bloom the subsurface Ceratium longipes (Bailey) Gran maximum layer was monitored with an attenuance meter and a particle counter in the Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia. This layer was controlled by the density-gradient. The cells absorbed mainly blue light in the region of 450–500 nm. Maximum cell number at the subsurface Ceratium maximum layer was 6.5 × 10 4 cells · 1 −1 , and single cell volume 6 × 10 4 μm 3 . Maximum total particle volume was 8.8 ppm and dominated by particles with diameters in the range 40–51 μm. The C. longipes made up 70% of total particle volume. A ratio by weight of organic carbon to nitrogen was 8, and the ratio of Ceratium carbon to chlorophyll a 84 ± 16. The growth rate was 0.56 doublings · day −1 , which is ≈ 40% of the empirical maximum at 7°C. The maximum quantum yield φm was 0.05 mole C · Einstein −1 . The effect of self-shading on φm was confirmed. The maximum light-saturated photosynthetic rate P m B , was 10.4 mg C · [mg Chl a ] −1 · h −1 or 0.07 mg C · [mg plant C ] −1 · h −1 . The maximum index of dark respiration R d B was − 0.25 mg C · [mg Chl a ] −1 · h −1 which corresponded to 2.5% of the P m B value. The physiological properties, i.e., φm, P m B and R d B of the dinoflagellate C . longipes are similar to diatoms even though their chemical properties are quite different.
Substrate Specificity of the Myrothecium Ascorbic Acid Oxidase

THE substrate specificity of the copper-containing ascorbic acid oxidase of higher plants was studied principally by Zilva et al. 1,2. More recently, Mandels3,4 discovered an ascorbic acid oxidase in spores of Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. and Schw.) Ditm. ex Fr. which was termed ‘atypical’ chiefly because it differed from the classical copper-enzyme in substrate specificity and in its resistance to metal enzyme inhibitors. It did not oxidize D-glucoascorbate or D-araboascorbate, and the latter inhibited oxidation of L-ascorbate. The mycelium of M. verrucaria also contains an atypical ascorbic acid oxidase, but with properties distinctly different from those of the spore-enzyme as well as of the copper-enzyme5. This communication describes the differences in substrate specificities.
The shape of bubbles in He-implanted Cu and Au

Bubble evolution under thermal annealing has been studied in He-implanted Cu and Au by in situ transmission electron microscopy. We show that, under the minimum energy requirement of system, the bubble developed into an octahedron (or truncated octahedron) shape consisting of {1 1 1} planes in the manner predicted by the Wulff construction. The non-spherical shape of the bubbles and the existence of sessile dislocations along the edges of octahedron provide a barrier to Ostwald ripening and migration of bubbles, leading to low bubble mobility under thermal annealing.
Music piracy among students on the university campus: Do males and females react differently?

Abstract This paper analyzes the role that gender plays on the likelihood and extent of peer-to-peer music file-sharing, a key issue in the debate on copyright protection. We use an extensive data set on university students, a core demographic in the use of file-sharing technologies. The empirical results suggest that male and female students respond differently to risk and economic incentives. Specifically, females tend to react more consistently with expected risk and economic deterrent factors, while males exhibit more sporadic behavior.
The Hog1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates a Hypoxic Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have studied hypoxic induction of transcription by studying the seripauperin (PAU) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies showed that PAU induction requires the depletion of heme and is dependent upon the transcription factor Upc2. We have now identified additional factors required for PAU induction during hypoxia, including Hog1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) whose signaling pathway originates at the membrane. Our results have led to a model in which heme and ergosterol depletion alters membrane fluidity, thereby activating Hog1 for hypoxic induction. Hypoxic activation of Hog1 is distinct from its previously characterized response to osmotic stress, as the two conditions cause different transcriptional consequences. Furthermore, Hog1-dependent hypoxic activation is independent of the S. cerevisiae general stress response. In addition to Hog1, specific components of the SAGA coactivator complex, including Spt20 and Sgf73, are also required for PAU induction. Interestingly, the mammalian ortholog of Spt20, p38IP, has been previously shown to interact with the mammalian ortholog of Hog1, p38. Taken together, our results have uncovered a previously unknown hypoxic-response pathway that may be conserved throughout eukaryotes.
An Engineer grapples with sustainable manufacturing

It was not that long ago when being ‘‘green’’ was considered mainly a political or a social belief, at least in the USA. It was not in the main stream consciousness of corporate leaders. And how things have changed in the last few years! It is difficult to read a popular magazine or watch commercial television today without being reminded how a particular company is offering an environment friendly product or how it is producing such an offering using responsible, sustainable processes. Serious business publications are full of advice to corporate managers on how to deal with sustainability (now the accepted business and technical term) in the boardroom all the way down to the shop floor. Engineering and technical literature that deal with sustainability issues have seen an explosive growth. Technical conferences held by major engineering societies have several sessions devoted to sustainability, or are even organized around the main theme of sustainability.
Survival of cholinergic drinking following nephrectomy

Abstract This experiment was carried out in order to determine if drinking elicited by central implantation of carbachol was in any way dependent on the renin-angiotensin system of the kidney. Rats were stereotaxically implanted with cannulae in the medial septal nucleus and then screened to determine whether they drank to carbachol. After a suitable period all positive cholinergic drinkers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: nephrectomized, ureterally ligated, and sham operated. The appropriate operations were performed and 9–11 hr following surgery all animals were stimulated with carbachol and given a one hr drinking test. Since there were no significant differences in cholinergic drinking following nephrectomy, it was concluded that the dipsogenic effects of centrally administered carbachol are not mediated by release of renal related renin-angiotensin.
A reexamination of two-point induced movement

Duncker’s (1929) two-point induced movement phenomenon was reexamined to determine whether or not, as Duncker reports, the fixated stimulus is the one which is most likely to appear to move when objective stimulus movement is at or below subject-relative threshold. Data are reported indicating this is not the case.
Evidence-based family planning: the paradigm for the third millennium

Evidence-based medicine applies clinical epidemiology to the care of the individual patient. In contrast, autocratic or authoritarian medicine rests largely on expert opinion and clinical tradition. The need for evidence-based medicine in family planning practice is acute, as counselling for intrauterine devices and tubal sterilization attests. Two international evidence-based guidelines in family planning, both published in 1996, represent a major advance in clinical practice. In addition, the Cochrane Collaboration, a global effort to identify and synthesize randomized controlled trials in medicine, now includes topics on fertility regulation. Evidence-based clinical guidelines and Cochrane systematic reviews are valuable tools for family planning practice. The use of evidence-based medicine will improve clinical care today, and, more importantly, in the millennium which is just beginning.
Amino-acid sequence of thermolysin.

The following three articles describe how chemical and X-ray analyses have been combined to elucidate the structure of thermolysin. This first article describes the determination of the amino-acid sequence of this metalloendopeptidase.
Uninterrupted renewable power through chemical storage cycles

Energy storage is indispensable to ensure uninterrupted electrical power supply from intermittent renewable energy sources. Carbon storage cycles (CSC) involving cyclic transformation of carbon atoms between carbon dioxide and carbon fuel have the potential to achieve high storage efficiency (∼54–59%) for GWh-level energy storage with much reduced storage volumes compared to other options. During the period of renewable energy availability, the cycle utilizes stored liquid carbon dioxide to synthesize a carbon fuel and then store it in liquid state. When renewable energy is not available, the carbon fuel is oxidized to deliver electricity. The produced carbon dioxide is captured, liquefied and stored for reuse during energy availability. Here, we review the novel features of the CSC, and three exergy based metrics that allow systematic screening of carbon fuel to be utilized in the cycle. Detailed process simulation results are also reported for dimethyl ether, an attractive carbon fuel candidate, which results in ∼57% storage efficiency.
Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal environment

Tropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they are adapted to relatively stable temperature regimes, such that even small increases in environmental temperature may lead to large decreases in physiological performance. One way in which tropical organisms may mitigate the detrimental effects of warming is through evolutionary change in thermal physiology. The speed and magnitude of this response depend, in part, on the strength of climate-driven selection. However, many ectotherms use behavioral adjustments to maintain preferred body temperatures in the face of environmental variation. These behaviors may shelter individuals from natural selection, preventing evolutionary adaptation to changing conditions. Here, we mimic the effects of climate change by experimentally transplanting a population of Anolis sagrei lizards to a novel thermal environment. Transplanted lizards experienced warmer and more thermally variable conditions, which resulted in strong directional selection on thermal performance traits. These same traits were not under selection in a reference population studied in a less thermally stressful environment. Our results indicate that climate change can exert strong natural selection on tropical ectotherms, despite their ability to thermoregulate behaviorally. To the extent that thermal performance traits are heritable, populations may be capable of rapid adaptation to anthropogenic warming.
Identification of Inhibitor Specificity Determinants in a Mammalian Phosphodiesterase

Mammalian phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 (PDE3 and PDE4) hydrolyze cAMP and are essential for the regulation of this intracellular second messenger in many cell types. Whereas these enzymes share structural and biochemical similarities, each can be distinguished by its sensitivity to isozyme-specific inhibitors. By using a series of chimeric enzymes, we have localized the region of PDE4 that confers sensitivity to selective inhibitors. This inhibitor specificity domain lies within a short sequence at the carboxyl terminus of the catalytic domain of the protein, consistent with the competitive nature of inhibition by these compounds. Surprisingly, the identified region also includes some of the most highly conserved residues among PDE isoforms. A yeast-based expression system was used for the isolation and characterization of mutations within this area that confer resistance to the PDE4-specific inhibitor rolipram. Analysis of these mutants indicated that both conserved and unique residues are required for isoform-specific inhibitor sensitivity. In some cases, combined point mutations contribute synergistically to the reduction of sensitivity (suppression of IC50). We also report that several mutations display differential sensitivity changes with respect to distinct structural classes of inhibitors.
The Determination of Flame Temperatures by Infra-Red Radiation

The determination of flame temperatures by infra-red radiation has been reinvestigated based on the experiments of Schmidt, Henning, and Tingwaldt. Criteria for such a brightness thermometer are described, and means for minimizing some of the errors are discussed. It is concluded that (a) infrared emission for the CO2 band at 4.4 microns can be used at least for non-luminous flames which contain CO2 as one of the products of combustion, (b) temperatures are obtained that are consistent to within less than 5 percent, and (c) observed temperatures tend to be lower than theoretical temperatures.
Current status of nuclear astrophysics

The review describes the current status of nuclear astrophysics, where special emphasis is given to primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis of the chemical elements. The laboratory approaches in obtaining relevant reaction rates are discussed. The authors also focus attention on those processes where new knowledge of nuclear physics may have important astrophysical consequences. The major burning phases in stars and some critical reactions are discussed. Finally, miscellaneous topics of current interest are described.
CD44 knock-down in bovine and human chondrocytes results in release of bound HYAL2

CD44 shedding occurs in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Previous work of others has suggested that the hyaluronidase isoform HYAL2 has the capacity to bind to CD44, a binding that may itself induce CD44 cleavage. Experiments were developed to elucidate whether chondrocyte HYAL2: (1) was exposed on the extracellular plasma membrane of chondrocytes, (2) bound to CD44, (3) underwent shedding together with CD44 and lastly, (4) exhibited hyaluronidase activity within a near-neutral pH range. Enhancing CD44 shedding by IL-1β resulted in a proportional increase in HYAL2 released from human and bovine chondrocytes into the medium. CD44 knockdown by siRNA also resulted in increased accumulation of HYAL2 in the media of chondrocytes. By hyaluronan zymography only activity at pH 3.7 was observed and this activity was reduced by pre-treatment of chondrocytes with trypsin. CD44 and HYAL2 were found to co-immunoprecipitate, and to co-localize within intracellular vesicles and at the plasma membrane. Degradation of hyaluronan was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. With this approach, hyaluronidase activity could be observed at pH 4.8 under assay conditions in which CD44 and HYAL2 binding remained intact; additionally, weak hyaluronidase activity could be observed at pH 6.8 under these conditions. This study suggests that CD44 and HYAL2 are bound at the surface of chondrocytes. The release of HYAL2 when CD44 is shed could provide a mechanism for weak hyaluronidase activity to occur within the more distant extracellular matrix of cartilage.
Unique Mode of Lipogenic Activation in Rat Preputial Sebocytes

Lipoprotein delivery of fatty acids and cholesterol is linked with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation in adipocytes and macrophages. We postulated that similar interactions exist in sebaceous epithelial cells (sebocytes) in which PPAR activation induces differentiation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) markedly enhanced sebocyte differentiation above that found with PPAR agonists and were more potent than explicable by their lipid content. The PPARγ antagonist GW5393 reduced sebocyte differentiation to all PPAR isoform agonists, HDL and VLDL, suggesting that the lipoprotein effect on differentiation occurs partially through activation of PPARγ. Furthermore, we found that sebocytes expressed a unique pattern of lipogenic genes. Our results demonstrate that HDL and VLDL are the most potent inducers of sebocyte differentiation tested to date, and these actions are partially inhibited by PPAR antagonists. This suggests that substrates provided by lipoproteins are targeted to sebocytes and affect their own disposition via PPAR activation.
FORUM: THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF AMERICAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY INTRODUCTION

The following essays present six distinct but broadly compatible narratives of scholarship in United States intellectual history over the past half-century: postwar dominance, a season of despair, and then the field's rise, transformation, and expansion. The essays are a feast of erudition; any reader will come away from them with a list of “must-read” books. But there is much more here. These are rigorous and sophisticated explorations—at once historical and prescriptive—of a flourishing field. The writers span different generations, with authors representative of older, middling, and younger scholars. These appraisals are various yet they are unambiguously within the mainstream, tracking the current understandings of the somewhat fuzzy boundaries of the field. While additional writers might have further enriched the coverage, these writers together offer a fair representation of current practice in the field.
Monoclonal antibodies to a membrane glycoprotein induce the phosphorylation of histone H1 in sea urchin spermatozoa

Two groups of mAbs reacting with external domains of a major sea urchin sperm membrane glycoprotein of 210 kD were isolated. Previous studies have shown that group I mAbs inhibit the acrosome reaction induced by egg jelly and also cause large increases in intracellular Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). Group II mAbs, at comparable levels of cell surface binding, neither inhibit the egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction nor cause increases in [Ca2+]i. In this paper, we investigate the ability of these mAbs to induce the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of sperm histone H1. Group I mAbs induce H1 phosphorylation to the same level and on the same peptide, as occurs upon treatment of sperm with egg jelly. These mAbs also activate adenylate cyclase to the same extent as egg jelly. Group II mAbs do not induce H1 phosphorylation and are only poor activators of adenylate cyclase. Group I mAbs compete with each other, but not with group II mAbs, for binding to the cell surface. These data indicate that the activation of adenylate cyclase is an initial event in the pathway leading from the binding of mAbs to a specific domain of the 210-kD protein at the cell surface, to the discrete phosphorylation of histone H1 in highly condensed sperm chromatin. The domain on the 210-kD protein recognized by group I mAbs plays a critical role in signal transduction during the early events of fertilization.
Mutational analysis of the ribosomal protein Rpl10 from yeast.

Yeast Rpl10 belongs to the L10e family of ribosomal proteins. In the large (60 S) subunit, Rpl10 is positioned in a cleft between the central protuberance and the GTPase-activating center. It is loaded into the 60 S subunit at a late step in maturation. We have shown previously that Rpl10 is required for the release of the Crm1-dependent nuclear export adapter Nmd3, an event that also requires the cytoplasmic GTPase Lsg1. Here we have carried out an extensive mutational analysis of Rpl10 to identify mutations that would allow us to map activities to distinct domains of the protein to begin to understand the molecular interaction between Rpl10 and Nmd3. We found that mutations in a central loop (amino acids 102–112) had a significant impact on the release of Nmd3. This loop is unstructured in the crystal and solution structures of prokaryotic Rpl10 orthologs. Thus, the loop is not necessary for stable interaction of Rpl10 with the ribosome, suggesting that it plays a dynamic role in ribosome function or regulating the association of other factors. We also found that mutant Rpl10 proteins were engineered to be unable to bind to the ribosome accumulated in the nucleus. This was unexpected and may suggest a nuclear role for Rpl10.
Ovarian Gonadotropin Receptors During Experimental Ovarian Cyst Formation in the Rat

Polycystic ovaries, produced in hypothyroid rats by 20 daily injections of hCG, were examined during developmental stages for their content of LU and FSH receptors by means of the specific binding of 125 l-hCG and ‘�‘ I-FSH to ovarian homogenates. Scatchard plot analysis indicated that the decline in FSH receptor population that occurred in control animals during the 30 day experimental period was significantly retarded by feeding thiouracil, whereas receptors for hCG (LH) were unaffected, Within I day of beginning hCG injections on Day 11, ovarian receptors to both FSH and hCG declined precipitously in all animals. The loss in FSH receptors, however, was retarded by thiouracil so that ovarian FSH receptor content remained more than twice that of euthyroid animals during the first 5 days of ovarian cyst induction, This difference disappeared by the end of 20 days of injections by which time extensive ovarian cyst formation had taken place in the hypothyroid animals. The present work indicates that an enhanced ovarian binding of FSH in hypothyroid animals at the onset of hCG activation of the tissue could explain the excessive follicular response, without ovulation or atresia, which leads to continued growth and fluid accumulation of the cysts.
Simulation of mitigation strategies for a pandemic influenza

Millions of people have been infected and died as results of influenza pandemics in human history. In order to prepare for these disasters, it is important to know how the disease spreads. Further, intervention strategies should be implemented during the pandemics to mitigate their ill effects. Knowledge of how these interventions will affect the pandemic course is paramount for decision makers. This paper develops an agent-based simulation model of a pandemic within a generic US metropolitan area, along with the effects associated with mitigation strategies involving home confinement and school closure. Also, a comparison of the two strategies and their variants is presented.
The relationship between nutrition and children's educational performance: a focus on the United Arab Emirates

Summary The purpose of this paper is to highlight the link between children's nutritional status and their educational achievement. It is argued that education policy makers must consider nutrition as a key factor in the design of educational interventions to improve the participation and academic performance of school-age children. Historically, analyses aimed at improving accessibility and quality of schooling in countries struggling with educational issues have focused on school-related factors such as location, the availability of teaching materials, teacher quality, and institutional management. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of households are also frequently cited as important determinants of school participation and school achievement. Surprisingly, except for age and gender, individual characteristics such as health and nutritional status are rarely considered as underlying factors. However, studies have shown that undernourished children have lower attendance, shorter attention span, lower performance scores, and more health-related problems than their well-nourished counterparts. Eight hundred million primary school-age children form a substantial fraction of the world's 2000 population; a number that is growing by about 10 million each year. The resulting pressure on schools implies the need for cost-effective approaches that support both education and health. The key is the nutrition/learning nexus. Current problems found in both the developing and developed world relevant to the role of nutrition for tangible educational impact, efficient use of resources, and development of health promoting policies, are illustrated using data from the United Arab Emirates as an example. The problems and possible solutions are applicable to many other regions in the world.
Alan Seeger: Medievalism as an alternative ideology

The American poet Alan Seeger imagined the First World War as an opportunity to realize medieval values, which were embodied for him in Sir Philip Sidney. Sidney epitomized Seeger's three ideals: ‘Love and Arms and Song’, which contrasted with the materialism and sophistication of modernity. His embrace of ‘Arms’ and the desire for intense, authentic experience led Seeger, who was living in Paris in August 1914, to enlist in the French Foreign Legion, in which he served until his death in combat in July 1916. As an infantryman, Seeger had extensive experience of the Western Front. This concrete experience of the war, of the indignities of life in the trenches and the dominance of technology, contrasted in significant ways with war as constructed in Seeger's medievalist imagination. Seeger, however, reconciled this contradiction by seeing the war as part of the elemental ‘Strife’ of nature. By this means, Seeger avoided the potentially unsettling consequences of confronting the profoundly modern nature of ...
A family-based association study of the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1 in obsessive-compulsive disorder in 378 families

SLC1A encodes the neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter and was previously tested as a candidate for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) by several research groups. Recently, three independent research groups reported significant association findings between OCD and several genetic variants in SLC1A1. This study reports the results from a family-based association study, which examined the association between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or in proximity to the SLC1A1 gene. Although we did not replicate association findings for those significant SNPs reported by previous studies, our study indicated a strong association signal with the SNP RS301443 (P-value = 0.000067; Bonferroni corrected P-value = 0.0167) under a dominant model, with an estimated odds ratio of 3.5 (confidence interval: 2.66–4.50). Further, we conducted single SNP analysis after stratifying the full data set by the gender status of affecteds in each family. The P-value for RS301443 in families with the male affecteds was 0.00027, and the P-value in families with female affecteds was 0.076. The fact that we identified a signal which was not previously reported by the other research groups may be due to differences in study designs and sample ascertainment. However, it is also possible that this significant SNP may be part of a regulator for SLC1A1, given that it is roughly 7.5 kb away from the boundary of the SLC1A1 gene. However, this potential finding needs to be validated biologically. Further functional studies in this region are planned by this research group. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Examining Interaction and Identity in Prehistory: Mortuary Vessels from the Schild Cemetery

This study examines a subsample of the ceramic jar collection from the prehistoric Schild Cemetery of west-central Illinois to explore the possibility of identifying changing cultural identity in situations of culture contact and interaction. The relationship between ceramic vessels (and other types of material culture) with cultural identity is often studied, but in cases of cultural interaction or marriage between members of distinct groups, archaeological assemblages may prove incompatible to categorizations utilizing traditional typologies. This work presents a quantitative analysis of ceramic style to characterize prehistoric cultural interaction, a methodology which complements traditional typological analysis. The time period in question (ca. A.D. 1100) was one of broad social and political change in the region in which interaction, and likely intermarriage, took place between individuals from Late Woodland and Mississippian societies.
Flexible millimeter-wave comb synthesis using a novel time-multiplexed optical pulse shaping scheme

Millimeter-wave combs are synthesized using a novel time-multiplexed optical pulse shaping scheme by integrating fast wavelength switching, optical frequency comb generation, and spectral line-by-line pulse shaping.
Electroencephalographic coherence and cortical acetylcholine during ketamine-induced unconsciousnessBritish Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015; 114(6): 979–89, DOI 10.1093/bja/aev095

British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015; 114(6): 979–89, DOI 10.1093/bja/aev095 This article was published by mistake in the June issue of BJA due to an administrative error. It was supposed to go into this special issue on Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia. The article can be accessed free of charge at the following link: http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/bja/aev095 The Publisher apologizes for the error.
On methods of estimating cosmological bulk flows

We explore similarities and differences between several estimators of the cosmological bulk flow, $\bf B$, from the observed radial peculiar velocities of galaxies. A distinction is made between two theoretical definitions of $\bf B$ as a dipole moment of the velocity field weighted by a radial window function. One definition involves the three dimensional (3D) peculiar velocity, while the other is based on its radial component alone. Different methods attempt at inferring $\bf B$ for either of these definitions which coincide only for a constant velocity field. We focus on the Wiener Filtering (WF, Hoffman et al. 2015) and the Constrained Minimum Variance (CMV,Feldman et al. 2010) methodologies. Both methodologies require a prior expressed in terms of the radial velocity correlation function. Hoffman et al. compute $\bf B$ in Top-Hat windows from a WF realization of the 3D peculiar velocity field. Feldman et al. infer $\bf B$ directly from the observed velocities for the second definition of $\bf B$. The WF methodology could easily be adapted to the second definition, in which case it will be equivalent to the CMV with the exception of the imposed constraint. For a prior with vanishing correlations or very noisy data, CMV reproduces the standard Maximum Likelihood (ML, Kaiser 1988) estimation for $\bf B$ of the entire sample independent of the radial weighting function. Therefore, this estimator is likely more susceptible to observational biases that could be present in measurements of distant galaxies. Finally, two additional estimators are proposed.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of a Single Nanodumbbell: Dibenzyldithio-Linked Silver Nanospheres

We describe combined AFM/Raman measurements on single nanodumbbells, consisting of silver nanospheres linked with dibenzyl-4,4′-dithiol (DBDT). The measured surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor, EFexp = 3 × 107 at 532 nm, corresponds to the observed signal strength of a single DBDT molecule, the Raman cross section of which was determined to be dσ/dΩ = 6 × 10–28 cm2/sr. We show that the product of the local field enhancement, EFP = (Ei/E0)2(Es/E0)2= 3 × 106, and the chemical contribution due to reduced detuning, EFC = (Δ0/Δ)2 = 12, account for the observed effect. The chemical contribution is assessed by exploring model structures Agn–S–DB–S–Agm (n, m = 0, 3, 7, 20). The π–π* transition at 287 nm, which determines the polarizability of the bare molecule, acquires a DBDT-to-silver charge-transfer character upon binding to silver. The CT transition near 400 nm reduces the detuning but remains nonresonant at 532 nm. We observe a soft polarization dependence, which suggests optical acti...
Ultrastructure of Flagellated Chrysophytes

In this examination of the Chrysophycean alga Dinobryon, a consistent and in some ways unique pattern of cell fine structure has been found. Chromatophores were a prominent feature of the cytoplasm and contain thylakoids, usually of three uniformly separated bands. This is very different from other groups, viz. Euglenophyta (Gibbs 1960), and Rhodophyta (Berkoloff 1962, Bouck 1962) were the thylakoids are two to twelve banded. Why such a configuration is so consistent in the Chrysophyta and none of the other algae can only remain unanswered for the present. Also, the chromatophores were longitudinally oriented, flanking the nucleus with the thylakoids running parallel to their long axis. Additional work on other freshwater Chrysophytes would be helpful in establishing the extent of this uniformity and ultimately, what its relation is to the photosynthetic process.The chromatophore envelope consisted of three membranes. The outer membrane was smooth and continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus; the two inner membranes limit the chromatophore proper. On the surface of the plastid, the two inner membranes divided in the region of the nucleus to allow for the presence of tubules. The exact nature of these tubules appear to be infoldings of the outer chromatophore membrane proper.The relationship of the shorter flagellum with the eyespot as reported by Conrad (1938) in Uroglena holds true for Dinobryon. No direct contact through fibrils, microtubules or extended vesicles were noted; however, the closeness of the stigma and whiplash flagellum favors some type of correlation. Cross sections of the basal body did not reveal the 9-pointed star reported in the flagella of other algal genera (Manton 1965).
A CASE OF INTERNAL HERNIA IN PARACOLIC GUTTER OF ASCENDING COLON

症例は67歳の男性で嘔吐を主訴に当院紹介となった.腹部単純X線写真で小腸の拡張像を認め腸閉塞の診断で入院となった.腹部CTで腹水はなく,また小腸の拡張像を認めたが明らかな腫瘍病変は認めなかった.保存的加療にて腸閉塞は軽快しなかったため内ヘルニアを疑い手術を施行した.開腹所見では回腸が約5cm傍上行結腸窩に嵌頓しており,傍上行結腸窩ヘルニアと診断した.嵌頓した小腸は一部脆弱化していたため小腸部分切除術施行し,ヘルニア門は縫合閉鎖した.傍上行結腸窩に発生した内ヘルニアは極めて稀であり興味ある症例と考えられたので若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.
One case of lymphadenitis following the vaccination of BCG and review of the related medical literatures

The condition of a local four-month-old case of lymphadenitis following the vaccination of BCG including the occurring,disposal and prognosis was reported in the article.After the child was vaccinated with BCG at a health care clinic more than about 3 months,one left axillary lymph node was found swollen which was of about 2 cm×2 cm.The diagnosis of left axillary lymph node tuberculosis was made in a municipal hospital.With the axillary lymph node excision operation conducted,the diagnosis was confirmed through pathological diagnosis.The patient was given postoperative antituberculous drug therapy,and soon he recovered.Combined with the case,the literatures of adverse events following immunization of BCG was reviewed.BCG lymphadenitis following BCG vaccination was the main type of the abnormal response of BCG,and its characteristics and the disposal methods were summarized so as to provide reference information for the disposals of analogous cases in the local expanded program immunization.
On Automatic Extraction of Information from Heading-table in Engineering Drawings

Characteristics of the forms was analyzed in the engineering drawings. A new method which is based on characters of forms is proposed. It is an effective method that makes it easy to extract data from arbitrary forms,and makes the extracted data conform to a standard. In addition,a new tactic is briefly introduced,which can be used to extract information from heading-table in AutoCAD engineering drawings automatically.
The lived experience of individuals in cardiac rehabilitation who have a positive outlook on their cardiac recovery: A phenomenological inquiry:

Background:Cardiac rehabilitation is often under-utilized despite its well-known benefits. Individuals with cardiac disease who exhibit a positive outlook often experience improved health outcomes. This study tried to explore the question: “What are the lived experiences of cardiac recovery in cardiac rehabilitation individuals with a predominantly positive outlook in the context of an acute cardiac event?”Aims:Our primary aim explored the experiences of cardiac recovery in cardiac rehabilitation participants with a predominantly positive outlook, within the context of an acute cardiac event, including exploring barriers and facilitators of cardiac recovery. Our secondary aim explored how a positive outlook impacted completion of phase two of the cardiac rehabilitation program.Methods:Husserlian phenomenology guided this study. A purposive sample of 10 individuals who had experienced an acute cardiac event and had a predominantly positive outlook were interviewed. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s metho...
Chromosomal Assignment of the Human Thrombin Receptor Gene - Localization to Region Q13 of Chromosome-5

A functional thrombin receptor (TR) structurally related to other members of the seven-transmembrane receptor family has been isolated from diverse cellular types intimately involved in the regulation of the thrombotic response. This receptor recapitulates many of the previously identified sequelae of thrombin-mediated cell activation phenomenon, and requires proteolytic cleavage for downstream effector- response coupling events. Using two complementary approaches, we have now completed the chromosomal assignment of the human thrombin receptor gene. Discordancy analysis of polymerase chain reaction products from a human-rodent hybrid cell mapping panel assigned the sequence to human chromosome 5 with no observed discordancies. Cytogenetic localization using fluorescence in situ hybridization on human metaphase chromosomes specifically localized the human TR gene to region q13 of chromosome 5, confirming its presence as a single-locus gene in the human genome. The chromosomal localization of the human TR gene is at or contiguous with the proximal breakpoint site identified in the majority of patients with the 5q- syndrome (dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and refractory anemia).
Epidemiology of nondental oral disease in the elderly

This article presents the descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical highlights of the oral mucosal lesions that are most common or of greatest concern among the elderly. Leukoplakia, oral cancer, candidiasis, lichen planus, and RAU have not been studied extensively among the elderly. Recent efforts to standardize definitions and research methods should greatly enhance future information. The paucity of research on oral lesions such as herpes zoster, epulis, and oral medication reactions is surprising, given that these are common problems among the elderly.
The analyst's stance and the method of free association.

The concept of the analyst's stance is employed to organize a number of ideas about psychoanalytic work, past and present, especially from the viewpoint of the method of free association. Beginning with an emphasis on the intrinsic uncertainties and paradoxes of the analytic process, the author reviews the importance of words, the aim of mastering resistances (i.e., promoting freedom of association), and functional neutrality on the analyst's part. The problem of anonymity is considered from a number of angles. Two traditions of transference are described, deriving from Freud's overlapping early formulations. The distinction between old and new determinants in the two kinds of transference is useful and important in the analyst's stance. Attitudes toward insight, resistance, and conflict resolution are considered from the perspective of the distinction between divergent and convergent conflicts, with special emphasis on the role of punitive, unconscious self-criticism.
Talk the Talk or Walk the Walk? An Examination of Sustainability Accounting Implementation

This study examines how ambiguity in corporate objectives affects managers’ choice between opposing sustainability and short-term profit goals. We test this question with an experiment in which we vary whether environmental sustainability is included explicitly (vs implicitly) as a strategic objective that is used for managers’ performance evaluations. Findings show that managers increase (decrease) biodegradable production and correspondingly decrease (increase) short-term profit when environmental sustainability performance is explicitly (implicitly) incorporated within the company’s strategic objectives. Also, managers in the implicit incorporation group are more likely to decrease (increase) their biodegradable production when they learn that their counterparts within the firm have chosen to decrease (increase) biodegradable production in other product lines. Further, managers in the explicit incorporation group have greater trust in senior management, and that trust mediates the negative relationship between incorporation ambiguity and the level of biodegradable production. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
Taphonomy, Fauna, and Depositional Environment of the Omomys Quarry, an Unusual Accumulation From the Bridger Formation (Middle Eocene) of Southwestern Wyoming (USA)

Taphonomic, faunal, and lithologic analysis of an unusual fossil accumulation from the upper Bridger Formation is undertaken to infer its origin and depositional environment. The sample includes over 2300 vertebrate, gastropod, and plant specimens. What makes this accumulation so unusual is the high concentration of mandibular, maxillary, and postcranial remains of Omomys (Primates, Omomyidae), avian skeletal remains, and eggshell fragments. These “unusual” components of the assemblage are superimposed on a more “typical” Bridger fauna, which occurs at the quarry and lateral to it in the same stratigraphic interval. Bones of Omomys and birds are mostly disarticulated and fragmentary, oriented horizontally to sub-horizontally, and exhibit minimal modifications by primary weathering and hydraulic sorting, suggesting minimal trampling and transport, and rapid burial. The Omomys Quarry assemblage was initially hypothesized to represent an owl pellet accumulation formed in close proximity to a nesting site, but further analysis indicates that the taphonomy of the accumulation is more complex. Bone breakage patterns of Omomys and the absence of digestive corrosion of tooth enamel are consistent with mammalian remains in modern owl pellets, however the dominant type of eggshell is not owl or falconiform. The avian skeletal remains are dominated by wading and shore-edge birds, but forest and ground birds are also represented. In addition to environmental conditions which may have favored localized preservation, four taphonomic agents are postulated for the formation of the accumulation: 1) an attritional accumulation of aquatic taxa in lacustrine sediments, 2) an attritional accumulation of both aquatic and terrestrial taxa in shoreline sediments, 3) an attritional accumulation consisting primarily of bird bones and eggshell formed in close proximity to a nesting area, and 4) a predator accumulation dominated by Omomys but probably including other vertebrates formed by owls in close proximity to a nest, day roost or night feeding station. The study concludes that, like other lacustrine-associated vertebrate accumulations in the upper Bridger Formation, the Omomys Quarry assemblage was formed in a combination of distal shore, littoral, and sub-aerial muddy lake margin environments.
How Do Civilians Attribute Blame for State Indiscriminate Violence

Avoiding indiscriminate violence against civilians has been one of the pillars of US counterinsurgency policy. Most analysts agree that indiscriminate violence against civilians makes noncombatants more likely to facilitate the insurgency. An alternative view suggests that indiscriminate violence reinstates a collective action problem for the rebels, because civilians blame insurgents for provoking the government and exploiting them as human shields. Therefore, this paper addresses the following question: do civilians evaluate all indiscriminate violence in the same way or do they think of indiscriminate violence differently when it is provoked by insurgents? We evaluate this proposition against survey data from post-war eastern Ukraine. When compared to a national random sample of Ukraine’s population that was unaffected by warfare directly, we find that civilians who experienced indiscriminate violence first-hand are more likely to blame the government regardless of insurgents’ actions. We discuss the implications of our findings for counterinsurgency scholarship and policy.
Molecular Characterization of Head and Neck Cancer

Molecular targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to make strides, and holds much promise. Cetuximab remains the sole US FDA-approved molecular targeted therapy available for HNSCC, though several new biologic agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other pathways are currently in the regulatory approval pipeline. While targeted therapies have the potential to be personalized, their current use in HNSCC is not personalized. This is illustrated for EGFR-targeted drugs, where EGFR as a molecular target has yet to be individualized for HNSCC. Future research needs to identify factors that correlate with response (or lack of one) and the underlying genotype-phenotype relationship that dictates this response. Comprehensive exploration of genetic and epigenetic landscapes in HNSCC is opening new frontiers to further enlighten and mechanistically inform newer as well as existing molecular targets, and to set a course for eventually translating these discoveries into therapies for patients. This opinion offers a snapshot of the evolution of molecular subtyping in HNSCC and its current clinical applicability, as well as new emergent paradigms with implications for controlling this disease in the future.
Evaluation of Oxford Nanopore MinION Sequencing for 16S rRNA Microbiome Characterization

In this manuscript we evaluate the potential for microbiome characterization by sequencing of near-full length 16S rRNA gene region fragments using the Oxford Nanopore MinION (hereafter Nanopore) sequencing platform. We analyzed pure-culture E. coli and P. flourescens, as well as a low-diversity mixed community sample from hydraulic fracturing produced water. Both closed and open reference operational taxonomic unit (OTU) picking failed, necessitating the direct use of sequences without OTU picking. The Ribosomal Database Project classifier against the Green Genes database was found to be the optimal annotation approach, with average pure-culture annotation accuracies of 93.8% and 82.0% at the phyla and genus levels, respectively. Comparative analysis of an environmental sample using Nanopore and Illumina MiSeq sequencing identified high taxonomic similarity when using a weighted metric (Bray-Curtis), and significantly reduced similarity when using an unweighted metric (Jaccard). These results highlight the great potential of Nanopore sequencing to analyze broad microbial community trends, and the challenge of applying Nanopore sequencing to discern rare taxa in mixed microbial communities. Finally, we observed that between-run carryover accounted for >10% of sequence reads, necessitating future development to either prevent carryover or filter sequences of interest (e.g. barcoding).
Information for Decision Making in Outdoor Education

(1974). Information for Decision Making in Outdoor Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 57-58.
Neutron Capture Cross Sections of 182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W from 2.6 to 2000 keV

Neutron capture cross sections of four stable tungsten isotopes were measured as a function of energy by time of flight at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator. The resolution achieved, ΔE/E o...