cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Structure Interaction Forces at Pump-Impeller-Shroud Surfaces for Axial Vibration Analysis

The axial forces developed on a pump impeller shroud surfaces are analyzed using a bulk-flow model of the leakage path between the impeller and the housing. Shear stresses at the impeller and the housing surfaces are modeled according to Hirs's turbulent lubrication model. The calculated results yield predictions of resonance peaks of the fluid within the annulus formed by the impeller shroud and housing. Numerical results are presented for a double-suction single-stage pump, showing that the direct stiffness of the perturbed impeller shroud forces is negligible; the forces become important only for pumps with very low axial natural frequencies in comparison to the running speed.
The Power of Love: The Moral Use of Knowledge amongst the Amuesha of Central Peru

The Power of Love: The Moral Use of Knowledge amongst the Amuesha of Central Peru. Fernando Santos-Granero. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, No. 62. London and Atlantic Highlands: The Athlone Press, 1991. 256 pp. $75.00 (cloth). ISBN 0–485–19562–3.
86 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES BEFORE AND AFTER CARDIAC ANGIOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

Electrophysiological (EP) evaluation in children is performed before or after angiography in several centers. Since contrast medium is known to depress contractility and to prolong the QT interval, a prospective study was designed to compare the effects of angiography on EP studies. Eleven children with various congenital heart defects, ages 2-18 yrs, and free of arrhythmias were evaluated by programmed atrial stimulation. EP evaluation consisted of determining SNRT, Wenckebach periodicity and refractory periods before and after angiography at comparable cycle lengths. In 5/11 (45%) Wenckebach periodicity was observed at longer cycle lengths after angiography. In 6/11 (55%) the atrial effective refractory period shortened after angiography, prolonged in 1/11 (9%) and did not change in 4/11 (36%). The atrial functional refractory period shortened after angiography in 5/11 (45%), lengthened in 4/11 (36%) and did not change in 2/11 (18%). Atrioventricular nodal refractory period determination was limited by atrial refractoriness. No significant change was noted in SNRT. Cardiac angiography depresses atrioventricular nodal function as evaluated by Wenckebach periodicity, had no effect on sinus node function and shortened atrial refractory periods. Therefore, electro-physiological evaluation in children should be performed prior to cardiac angiography.
Defining and Measuring Self-Concept Change

The self-concept and the manners by which it changes are two of the most important, and challenging, areas of psychological study. In this review, we define the self-concept as a multifaceted psychological construct, composed of a variety of characteristics. People with low self-esteem, incremental theorists, self-monitors, and people with a high uncertainty orientation and relational self-construal are mentioned as some of the types of people who are likely to undergo change. Various approaches to measuring the self-concept and investigating it across cultures are also discussed. Recommendations for future research include utilizing an intraclass correlation coefficient measure of change, and accounting for context-specific self-definitions in several cultures.
The Complex Shear Modulus of Humpback Whale Blubber

Further investigations of the mechanical properties of whale blubber will benefit its morphology and those who use it. Located below the dermas, blubber is an insular tissue constructed of a lipid matrix cross-weaved with strong, structural collagen and elastic fiber bundles. The blubber transitions into the superficial fascia layer, a loose connective tissue, which sheaths the muscle surrounding the whale. [1] Blubber should behave viscoelastically because it is a soft tissue. [2] The complex shear modulus G* = G′+iG″ is a viscoelastic property commonly used in defining soft tissues. It is comprised of both an elastic energy storage term (G′) and a viscous energy dissipation term (G″). Apart from adding to the morphology of whale blubber, these properties can currently be used for the improvement of certain whale tracking tag designs. The tags that would gain from these measurements deploy remotely and anchor subdermally in the body of the whale, near the dorsal fin. Once attached, they transmit a radio signal to a monitoring satellite. Knowing the migratory and behavioral patterns of whales allows for the adjustment of human activities to help in the recovery of endangered species.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Deformation embedding for point-based elastoplastic simulation

We present a straightforward, easy-to-implement, point-based approach for animating elastoplastic materials. The core idea of our approach is the introduction of embedded space—the least-squares best fit of the material's rest state into three dimensions. Nearest-neighbor queries in the embedded space efficiently update particle neighborhoods to account for plastic flow. These queries are simpler and more efficient than remeshing strategies employed in mesh-based finite element methods. We also introduce a new estimate for the volume of a particle, allowing particle masses to vary spatially and temporally with fixed density. Our approach can handle simultaneous extreme elastic and plastic deformations. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of examples that exhibit a wide range of material behaviors.
‘Relationships which have no name’: Family and sexuality in 1970s popular film

This essay argues that popular film of the 1970s opened up a space for representing new kinds of social relationships specifically by means of its use of melodramatic formulas. Against a dominant periodization of the decade which emphasizes rupture, I argue that over the course of the long 1970s we see a process of repetition and resignification whereby formulas such as the ‘lost-and-found’ plot and the love triangle were re-presented and their constitutive elements rearranged in order to generate alternatives to conventional kinship and romantic paradigms. Discussing several films from this decade, including Sangam, Yaadon ki Baaraat, Deewaar, Sholay, Amar Akbar Anthony and Silsila, I show how Hindi cinema in the 1970s was engaged in considering how to represent human relationships outside of social sanction or conventionally accepted kinship terms, thus offering a new paradigm from which to read popular film at large.
TOWARD THE ADVANCEMENT OF THEORETICAL PSYCHOLOGY

There are signs that a healthy resurgence of interest in theory is occurring among psychologists. LVhile some will undoubtedly take the opposite point of view, perhaps most psychologists will agree that there has actually been something of an anti-theoretical climate in psychology for roughly the last quarter-century. Certainly in 1956 it is not quite as "dangerous" to go out on a theoretical limb as it was in 1935. I am going to present a point of view which will clearly place me out on a theoretical limb. There will be some psychologists ( I hope) who will be willing to climb out with me. There will be others who will prefer to climb in the other direction. Then there will always be a large group who (perhaps they are the wisest ones) won't climb out on any limbs. I challenge all active and latent climbers to start climbing in response to what I am about to present. The essence of what I am going to say is this. The status of our knowledge of behavior in mid-twentieth century is such that theoretical psychology will be most fruitful at this time if it is inductive rather than deductive, qualitative rather than quantitative, relatively loose rather than rigorous, closely rooted to empiricism rather than highly abstract and removed from observations, relatively naive rather than sophisticated from the point of view of philosophy of science, and both circumscribed and all-inclusive in the direction of its efforts.' Furthermore, I hope to add indirectly to the argument that systematic efforts represent the most urgent need today for the optimal development of the scientific psychology of tom~rrow.~ The history of the development of each of the modern sciences from a philosophical realm of speculation to a theoretically integrated system of experimental facts has been surprisingly similar. The need for each field to conquer problems of measurement and problems of controlled observation is a very important part of this history. Psychological science is no exception.
Complementary mixed finite element formulations for elastoplasticity

Abstract A global formulation of the principle of maximum plastic dissipation is systematically exploited to construct complementary mixed finite element formulations for elastoplasticity. Completely general return mapping integration algorithms are obtained as Euler-Lagrange equations of a temporally discretized Lagrangian functional. The flow rule is no longer enforced point-wise, but rather at the element level in a weak fashion that couples all Gauss points within an element. The resulting algorithms can be linearized exactly in closed-form for an arbitrary functional form of the yield condition and hardening law. The present approach enables one to extend successful superconvergent quadrilaterals to elastoplastic analysis. Numerical simulations involving plane-stress elastoplasticity are presented.
Consistent higher-order free vibration analysis of composite sandwich plates

Abstract The consistent higher-order dynamic formulation for foam-type (soft) core sandwich beams was extended to the case of composite sandwich plates. Eight dynamic governing equations and the corresponding boundary conditions were derived through the application of Hamilton’s principle. The extended formulation was applied to the free vibration analysis of soft-core and honeycomb-core sandwich plates with anti-symmetric and symmetric lay-ups. The vibration results for the thin and thick composite sandwich plates obtained using the extended formulation were consistent with the predictions of the higher order mixed layerwise theory for laminated and sandwich plates. To simplify the formulation for the case of symmetric sandwich plates, the general dynamic formulation was decoupled into two systems of equations representing symmetric and anti-symmetric vibrations. The numerical study demonstrates the importance of the present formulation for the prediction of higher mode vibration response of composite sandwich plates.
Multi-client quantum key distribution using wavelength division multiplexing

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) exploits the rules of quantum mechanics to generate and securely distribute a random sequence of bits to two spatially separated clients. Typically a QKD system can support only a single pair of clients at a time, and so a separate quantum link is required for every pair of users. We overcome this limitation with the design and characterization of a multi-client entangled-photon QKD system with the capacity for up to 100 clients simultaneously. The time-bin entangled QKD system includes a broadband down-conversion source with two unique features that enable the multi-user capability. First, the photons are emitted across a very large portion of the telecom spectrum. Second, and more importantly, the photons are strongly correlated in their energy degree of freedom. Using standard wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) hardware, the photons can be routed to different parties on a quantum communication network, while the strong spectral correlations ensure that each client is linked only to the client receiving the conjugate wavelength. In this way, a single down-conversion source can support dozens of channels simultaneously--and to the extent that the WDM hardware can send different spectral channels to different clients, the system can support multiple client pairings. We will describe the design and characterization of the down-conversion source, as well as the client stations, which must be tunable across the emission spectrum.
Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Satratoxins and Other Macrocyclic Trichothecenes in the Murine Macrophage

The satratoxins and other macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins are produced by Stachybotrys, a mold that is often found in water-damaged dwellings and office buildings. To test the potential immunomodulatory effects of these mycotoxins, RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were treated with various concentrations of satratoxin G (SG), isosatratoxin F (iSF), satratoxin H (SH), roridin A (RA), and verrucarin A (VA) for 48 h in the presence or absence of suboptimal concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/ml), and tumor necrosis factor- f (TNF- f ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In LPS-stimulated cultures, TNF- f supernatant concentrations were significantly increased in the presence of 2.5, 2.5, and 1 ng/ml of SG, SH, and RA, respectively, whereas IL-6 concentrations were not affected by the same concentrations these macrocyclic trichothecenes. When cells that were treated with LPS and SG (2.5 ng/ml) were evaluated by real-time polymerase c...
Neuroprotective Drug Riluzole Amplifies the Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1)- and Glutamate Transporter 1 (GLT1)-dependent Cytoprotective Mechanisms for Neuronal Survival

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mediates the cellular response to stress to increase the production of heat shock protein (HSP) chaperones for proper protein folding, trafficking, and degradation; failure of this homeostatic mechanism likely contributes to neurodegeneration. We show that the neuroprotective drug riluzole increased the amount of HSF1 in NG108-15 neuroprogenitor cells by slowing the specific turnover of HSF1 and supporting a more robust and sustained activation of HSF1. Using Hsp70-luciferase as a functional readout of the activity of HSF1, we show that riluzole amplified the heat shock induction of the reporter gene with an optimal increase at 1 μm. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot quantitation of HSP70 in NG108-15 neuroprogenitor cells and embryonic spinal cord neurons provided corroborative evidence that riluzole amplified the HSF1-dependent regulation of HSP70 expression. Parallel studies on the GLT1 glutamate transporter showed that riluzole increased GLT1-reporter and GLT1 protein expression and that the increase was enhanced by heat shock and coincident with the increased expression of HSP70 and HSP90. This result is consistent with the anti-glutamatergic profile of riluzole and the presence of multiple heat shock elements on the GLT1 gene promoter, suggesting that riluzole may modulate GLT1 expression through HSF1. The increased HSP chaperones and GLT1 transporter blunted glutamate-induced and N-methyl d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxic death. In summary, we show that riluzole increased the amount and activity of HSF1 to boost the expression of HSPs and GLT1 for neuroprotection under stress.
Electrophysiology of ventromedial striatal neurons during movement

The firing rate of ventromedial striatal cells was studied in rats trained to run in place on a rotating turntable treadmill. Animals were trained to run clockwise and counter-clockwise as they propelled a turntable for a water reward. After a period of training, Parylene C coated stainless steel wire electrodes were chronically implanted for single unit recording. Nearly all ventromedial striatal cells increased their firing rate concomitant with locomotion in the treadmill (32 of 36 cells). The magnitude of this response was influenced by the order of testing and by the direction of circling relative to the side of brain being recorded. The increase in firing rate was greater during the first test of the day and was greater when animals circled contralateral to the side of the recording electrode than when they circled ipsilateral to the recorded side.
Adaptation and application of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's asthma admission rate pediatric quality indicator to Ohio Medicaid claims data.

Abstract Background The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed, in the context of a national pediatric discharge database, 18 pediatric quality indicators (PDIs) for assessing pediatric care. These measures have not yet been adapted for and applied to claims databases. Objectives The objectives of this study were to (1) adapt the asthma admission rate (AAR) PDI methodology for claims data; (2) calculate AARs for Ohio Medicaid beneficiaries for 2007-2009, overall as well as by patient and regional characteristics; (3) determine the cost and length of stay associated with these hospitalizations; (4) describe medication use for 90 days before the hospitalizations; and (5) estimate the effect of asthma prevalence rates on AARs across Ohio counties. Methods A retrospective study was performed using Ohio Medicaid claims data. After adapting the AHRQ methodology for a claims database, AARs were computed for the pediatric asthma population (aged 2-17 years). Total and mean costs and days spent in the hospital were calculated. A Poisson regression model was developed to estimate the effect of asthma prevalence on the AAR. Results Between 2007 and 2009, the Ohio Medicaid AAR rose from 182 to 258 per 100,000 children. Costs (in 2009$) rose from $1,069,783 to $1,470,918, whereas hospital days increased from 672 to 815. Close to 70% of patients had no claims for a maintenance medication for 90 days before their hospitalization. The asthma prevalence rate was significantly associated with the AAR. Conclusions The remaining 17 PDIs could also be adapted for claims data to assess the quality of pediatric care.
Dielectric Properties of Vegetables and Fruits as a Function of Temperature, Ash, and Moisture Content

The dielectric properties of 15 vegetables and fruits were measured at 2450MHz from 5 to 130 °C. Equations were developed as a function of temperature, ash, and either moisture content or water activity, and compared to literature equations. Dielectric constant of vegetables and fruits decreased with temperature and ash content. However, ash was not a factor in the equations produced separately for fruits. Dielectric loss factor changed quadrically with increasing temperature: first decreasing and then increasing. This transition temperature decreased with ash content. Ash increased the dielectric loss factor. Garlic and potato gave unusual results, which could be explained by the behavior of solutions of inulin and potato starch, respectively.
Toward the development of cognitive task difficulty metrics to support intelligence analysis research

Intelligence analysis is a cognitively complex task that is the subject of considerable research aimed at developing methods and tools to aid the analysis process. To support such research, it is necessary to characterize the difficulty or complexity of intelligence analysis tasks in order to facilitate assessments of the impact or effectiveness of tools that are being considered for deployment. A number of informal accounts of "What makes intelligence analysis hard" are available, but there has been no attempt to establish a more rigorous characterization with well-defined difficulty factors or dimensions. This paper takes an initial step in this direction by describing a set of proposed difficulty metrics based on cognitive principles.
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma with mesenteric involvement

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare type of lymphoma, which is characterized by distinctive rimming of neoplastic lymphocytes surrounding individual adipocytes in subcutaneous tissue. SPTCL is confined to subcutis and dissemination of SPTCL to extracutaneous sites is extremely rare, if present at all. Here we present a case of SPTCL with mesenteric involvement. The patient initially presented with a solitary skin lesion at the lower extremity. A few months later, he developed new skin lesions at the abdominal wall and mesenteric lesions in the abdominal cavity. Biopsy showed SPTCL in subcutaneous tissue with mesenteric involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of pathologically proven dissemination of SPTCL to other sites.
Life and Death Matters: Human Rights and the Environment at the End of the Millennium

Life and Death Matters: Human Rights and the Environment at the End of the Millennium. Barbara Rose Johnston. ed. Walnut Creek. C A: AltaMira Press, 1997.350 pp.
Preparation of activated carbon for mercury capture from chicken waste and coal

Abstract Chicken waste and chicken waste blended samples with selected high sulfur coal were used as raw materials for activated carbon preparation. Raw materials were subjected to the preparation procedures of carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere and activation in a steam atmosphere. The basic properties of the raw materials, chars and activated carbons were investigated by components analysis, surface porosity and thermogravimetric analysis. Two activated carbon samples were selected for elemental mercury capture tests in a lab-scale drop tube reactor with air flow. The current results show that chicken waste is not a suitable raw material for activated carbon production due to its higher contents of volatile matter and ash. Coal can be used as a carbon carrier for improving the carbon content of products. A low-cost activated carbon was prepared by a co-process of chicken waste and coal, and examining the high capture efficiency for elemental mercury. It suggests that the coal provides a carbon carrier or trap for some active species, such as chlorine released from the chicken waste. These active species would likely provide or create the adsorptive sites on the surface of activated carbon for elemental mercury.
Shear stress induced stimulation of mammalian cell metabolism

A flow apparatus was developed for the study of the metabolic response of anchorage dependent cells to a wide range of steady and pulsatile shear stresses under well controlled conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were subjected to steady shear stresses of up to 24 dynes/sq cm, and the production of prostacyclin was determined. The onset of flow led to a burst in prostacyclin production which decayed to a long term steady state rate (SSR). The SSR of cells exposed to flow was greater than the basal release level, and increased linearly with increasing shear stress. It is demonstrated that shear stresses in certain ranges may not be detrimental to mammalian cell metabolism. In fact, throughout the range of shear stresses studied, metabolite production is maximized by maximizing shear stress.
Carbazole‐substituted dehydroalanine main chain polymers. Synthesis and characterization of poly[methyl 2‐(9‐carbazolyl) acetylaminopropenoate] and poly[2‐(9‐carbazolyl) acetylaminopropenoic acid]

The preparation and radical-initiated polymerization of a carbazole-substituted N-acylated dehydroalanine, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)acetylaminopropenoic acid (7) and its methyl ester (6) is reported. The monomers 6 and 7 were prepared by dehydrochlorination of N-acylated β-chloroalanine derivatives. The monomer model compounds for the two polymers, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)acetylamino-2-methylpropanoic acid (11) and its methyl ester (10), were also prepared. The polymers and their monomer model compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The polymers 12 and 13 of different molecular weights could be obtained by changing the monomer-to-initiator ratios used in polymerization experiments.
Quantum yields for product formation in the 120-133 nm photodissociation of O2

The photodissociation of O(2) in the region from 120-133 nm has been investigated using product imaging. The spectrum in this region is dominated by transitions from the ground state to the first three vibrational levels of the E (3)Sigma(u) (-) state. The O((1)D)+O((3)P) channel is the only product channel observed by product imaging for dissociation at either 124.4 nm or 120.4 nm. The O((1)D(2)) product is aligned in the molecular frame in such a way that its J vector is perpendicular to the relative velocity vector between the O((1)D) and the O((3)P). The variation in the anisotropy of dissociation is approximately predicted by considering transitions on individual lines and then taking into account the coherent excitation of overlapping resonances. At 132.7 nm, both the O((1)D)+O((3)P) and the O((3)P)+O((3)P) channels are observed with branching ratios of 0.40+/-0.08 and 0.60+/-0.09, respectively. At 130.2 nm, the quantum yield for production of O((1)D) is 0.76+/-0.28.
Why is the holistic approach becoming so important in landscape ecology

Abstract Landscape ecology is a way of thinking about the evolution and dynamics of heterogeneous landscapes. It is also viewed as the body of knowledge or facts about ecological space, spatial heterogeneity, and scaling. Studies in this field have been dominated by taking things apart and characterizing various attributes of spatial patterns. These studies generally do not address the intrinsic causality and underlying dynamics of the pattern. Therefore, they cannot explain why patterns change with biotic and abiotic conditions. The time is ripe for change; a holistic approach is needed. In this paper, I begin with mathematical formulation of the part–whole relation in ecological systems and show analytically why the ecological system cannot be understood by reducing it to its parts, which is the central theme for all holistic approaches. Using Prigogine’s self-organization theory and Haken’s synergetics, I further illustrate sufficiency and necessity of such a holistic approach to study how the cooperation of these subsystems of landscape brings about spatial, temporal and functional structures on macroscopic scales. Four fundamental principles that may govern these processes of self-organization of landscape are proposed. Several examples of applying this approach to theoretical and practical landscape problems are also given.
Effect of Combined Injuries from Defoliation and Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Influence of Field Cages on Soybean Yield and Seed Quality

Field cage studies were done to determine the separate and combined effects of manual defoliation and feeding by the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, yield and seed quality. Defoliation was done by hand to simulate the temporal feeding pattern of the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.). Only the main stem was defoliated, although growth from branches resulted in 10 to 15% additional foliage by the end of the defoliation period (growth stage R2, full bloom). By growth stage R5 (beginning seed), about 60% of the plant’s foliage was on the branches. The overall level of the highest defoliation treatment was approximately 30%. Additional plots were established to test for any cage effect on selected vegetative and reproductive growth parameters of soybean and the quality of seed. Injuries from infestation by the green stink bug reduced yield and seed quality. Yield reduction, which increased with infestation levels, was due to lower seed numbers. Moreover, as the level of green stink bug increased, the percentage of seeds with damage, the number of times seeds were fed upon, and the number of seeds fed on increased, whereas seed viability and vigor decreased. Response of yield and seed quality to defoliation varied among years. Cages increased vegetative and reproductive plant growth and increased seed quality compared with noncaged plants.
Testing NCAA Compliance at Southeastern State University: A Case Study

A large part of an auditor's work includes evaluation of an organization's compliance with laws and regulatory requirements, internal policies and procedures, and other rules that an entity must follow. The objective of this case is to assist you in understanding both the importance of compliance auditing, and the need for auditors to exercise professional judgment when interpretation of rules is required. The case involves a hypothetical university's adherence to NCAA rules and regulations. The first part of the case provides exposure to various resources needed to develop an understanding of both intercollegiate athletics and compliance with rules established by its governing body, the NCAA. The second part requires you to use judgment in interpreting different scenarios that may or may not indicate compliance violations.
Equilibrium Unfolding of the Poly(glutamic acid)(20) Helix

The equilibrium structural ensemble of a 20-residue polyglutamic acid peptide (E(20)) was studied with FRET, circular dichroism, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A FRET donor, o-aminobenzamide, and acceptor, 3-nitrotyrosine, were introduced at the N- and C-termini, respectively. Circular dichroism, steady state FRET, and time-resolved FRET measurements were employed to characterize the fraction helix and end-to-end distance under different pH conditions: pH 4 (60% alpha-helix), pH 6 (0% alpha-helix), and pH 9 (0% alpha-helix). At pH 4, the end-to-end distance was measured at 24 A and determined to be considerably less than the 31 A predicted for an alpha-helix of the same length. At pH 6 and 9, the end-to-end distance was measured at > 31 and 39 A respectively, both which are determined to be considerably greater than the 27 A predicted for a freely jointed random coil of the same length. To better understand the physical forces underlying the unusual helix-coil transition in this peptide, three theoretical MD models of E(20) were constructed: (1) a pure alpha-helix, (2) an alpha-helix with equivalent attractive intramolecular contacts, and (3) a weak alpha-helix with termini-weighted intramolecular contacts ("sticky ends"). Using MD simulations, the bent helix structure calculated from Model 3 was found to be the closest in agreement with the experimental data.
Epidemiology of Genocide: An Example from the Former Yugoslavia

Abstract There are multiple factors for the advent of war, and in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda nationalistic goals and political control were used to justify the genocide of thousands of individuals, mainly males of battle age, between sixteen to sixty years of age. War and genocide have detrimental effects on population health due to population displacement, food shortages, and the decline of health services. The skeletal remains of victims from Srebrenica, Bosnia, were analyzed for pathological conditions to assess general health and were compared with other countries that have experienced genocide to evaluate health issues in various parts of the world. Approximately 35% of the skeletal sample shows evidence of congenital and pathological conditions that may be population specific, which indicates that declining health was prevalent before the war, especially prenatal requirements for expectant mothers. In addition, data on general health from Rwandan and former Yugoslavian refugees showed a preval...
TDDB at low voltages: An electrochemical perspective

TDDB lifetime projections at operating voltages for backend of line (BEOL) dielectrics have been based on accelerated testing at high fields and extrapolation to operating conditions based on electric field dependent dielectric wearout models. As operating voltages are reduced to 1V range, such intrinsic field acceleration based wearout mechanisms become negligible making such extrapolations questionable. At the same time, as we scale the BEOL geometries, extrinsic wearout mechanisms involving copper and moisture can impact TDDB reliability. In this paper, we, for the first time, investigate extrinsic reliability in low voltage regime where electrochemical redox reactions are possible. We formulate a physical electrochemical model for TDDB. We present analytic solution for limiting cases that show TDDB lifetime dependence on voltage or electric field depending on relative rates of electrode reactions and field assisted ion transport. Generalization to higher voltages are also discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF A DESIRABILITY HALO EFFECT ON RATINGS OF INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

A rationale is provided for hypothesizing that a counterpart of the social desirability variable influences environmental ratings based on student perceptions, and a test is made of the hypothesis. The High School Characteristics Index was administered to 2819 high school seniors from 11 high schools. Social desirability scale values for the 300 items and 30 scale scores of the HSCI were obtained from 85 students in Education, and these values were correlated with the endorsement percentages and average scale scores for the students in each of the 11 high schools. Results indicated an appreciable “desirability halo” effect for some student bodies, with wide differences among student bodies with respect to the strength and direction of that effect. The results are interpreted as a serious challenge to the validity and discriminative capability of environmental assessment techniques based on student perceptions.
Comparing the drag force on heavy quarks in N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory and QCD

Computations of the drag force on a heavy quark moving through a thermal state of strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory have appeared recently. I compare the strength of this effect between $\mathcal{N}=4$ gauge theory and QCD, using the static force between external quarks to normalize the 't Hooft coupling. Comparing $\mathcal{N}=4$ and QCD at fixed energy density then leads to a relaxation time of roughly $2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}/c$ for charm quarks moving through a quark-gluon plasma at $T=250\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. This estimate should be regarded as preliminary because of the difficulties of comparing two such different theories.
Compositional program synthesis from natural language and examples

Compositionality is a fundamental notion in computation whereby complex abstractions can be constructed from simpler ones, yet this property has so far escaped the paradigm of end-user programming from examples or natural language. Existing approaches restrict end users to only give holistic specifications of tasks, which limits the expressivity and scalability of these approaches to relatively simple programs in very restricted domains. In this paper we propose Compositional Program Synthesis (CPS): an approach in which tasks can be specified in a compositional manner through a combination of natural language and examples. We present a domain-agnostic program synthesis algorithm and demonstrate its application to an expressive string manipulation language. We evaluate our approach on complex tasks from online help forums that are beyond the scope of current state-ofthe-art methods.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GENETIC VARIABILITY AND LIFE-HISTORY FEATURES OF BONY FISHES.

Correlations between genetic variation and life-history variables were obtained for 80 species of bony fishes as a means of testing the hypothesis that genetic variation is directly related to 1) opportunity for balancing selection, as indicated by fecundity, and 2) environmental variation, as indicated by capacity for population increase. Genetic data were taken from the literature, and data on longevity, age at maturity, egg size, body size, and lifetime fecundity were taken from the literature where available and were otherwise estimated from other variables. Average heterozy- gosity does not increase significantly with increasing fecundity. However, heterozygosity is signif- icantly associated with short generation times, quick maturation, small maximum size, and small eggs. Thus, heterozygosity appears to increase on a demographic continuum toward maximum values in species that are most strongly selected for maximizing the intrinsic rate of increase. Such species are associated with less stable environments. Thus, the results indicate a predominate role for environmental variation in controlling genetic variation of bony fishes.
Ukraine and Russia: 'You Break It, You Bought It'

The drama in Ukraine has occupied global headlines for many months now and — while there are occasional signs that things are calming down — the overall picture is not pretty for any of the parties involved. It did not have to be this way. Even assuming that Crimea was inevitably going to end up a part of Russia, international law could have facilitated a peaceful transfer that would have helped align the parties’ interests rather than putting them at odds. The mechanism for this is what we call a “market for sovereign control.” The idea is straightforward. If one country (say, Russia) values a region (Crimea) in another country (Ukraine) enough, it should be willing to pay for it. If the people of the region and the parent country agree to the offer, then the border can be moved without any need for chest-pounding and troop movements. With such a system in place, Russia could have bought part of Ukraine instead of breaking it.
Strong uniform consistency rates of kernel estimators of cumulative distribution functions

ABSTRACTIn this paper we consider the uniform strong consistency, along with a rate, of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) estimator. We extend the extended Glivenko–Cantelli lemma (for empirical distribution function) in Fabian and Hannan (1985, pp. 80–83) to the kernel estimator of the CDF.
Design and performance of an autonomous tracking system for the Mars observer laser altimeter receiver

The Mars Observer spacecraft will be launched in early 1992 carrying a Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Data from MOLA will produce a global, geodetically referenced, 0.2° square grid of the Martian Surface, using 160-m-diameter surface foot-prints with an along-track sampling interval of 330 in. The ranging measurements will show surface variations of up to 80 m over the 100-m laser illumination spot, and have a vertical resolution of 1.5 m with a range-bias error of <5 m. MOLA's requirements are to operate with 90% orbit average ranging probabilities, with no tracking gaps greater than 3.3 km under normal Martian conditions.
Assembly of Photosynthetic Units in Membranes of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides During a Down-Shift in Light Intensity

In the facultative photoheterotrophic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rhodopseudomonas) sphaeroides. photosynthetic units are localized within a system of intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) that is believed to be continuous with the cytoplasmic membrane (1). These photosynthetic units consist of photochemical reaction centers together with two light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes designated as B800–850 and B875 on the basis of near-IR absorbance maxima. B875 is thought to surround and interconnect reaction centers with B800–850 arranged peripherally in large lakes (2). The manner in which these structures are assembled and become organized within the membrane remains largely unknown.
Conclusion: The Performance of a Town

Together, Art et action’s five types of theatre modeled the elements of a modern town to envision a collective society based on artistic freedom, community, and public dialogue. Although their work was not broadly influential, some of the larger ideas emerged in post-war art, architecture, and criticism. Recently Bernard Tschumi and other architects have embraced a theatrical approach to urbanism as part of an effort to build lively and sustainable cities. In this intellectual lineage, reconsideration of Autant and Lara’s work can make a significant contribution by reweaving the traditional interconnection between architecture and theatre.
Resonating with Sensational Movies

The review extols the merits of Birgit Meyer’s groundbreaking study of film and religion in Ghana as a model for future research on lived and public religion in diverse African settings. It also offers a critique of the book’s relative inattention to the sound effects of these popular video films, suggesting that there are resonant affinities between aural media, regimes of audibility, and the affective presence of the spiritual ‘beyond.’
Clinical and Psychosocial Outcomes of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for the Treatment of Upper Extremity Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Therapy.

Background Secondary lymphedema following breast cancer therapy remains a major problem. Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is a surgical treatment for lymphedema that has shown promising results, but limited studies in the United States have investigated outcomes for single-stage VLNT to the axilla. The goal of this prospective, ongoing study was to investigate the clinical, psychosocial, and functional outcomes of patients who underwent VLNT for the treatment of upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer therapy.
RBANS factor structure in older adults with suspected cognitive impairment: Evidence for a 5-factor structure

Previous research has yielded minimal empirical support for the theoretically formulated five-factor structure of the RBANS, a brief, yet comprehensive standardized neuropsychological test battery used to assess cognitive impairment. The present study tested the theoretically formulated five-factor structure, as well as three alternative factor solutions, using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches. The present study utilized archival data from a clinical sample of 150 older adults who were evaluated at an outpatient neuropsychological service. A total of four RBANS models were specified using confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the five-factor model demonstrated good to excellent fit following modifications to the model. Results of chi-square difference tests demonstrated that the five-factor model was statistically superior to the two- and three-factor models (p < .001). In summary, results provide support for the theoretically derived five-factor structure of the RBANS in a clinical sample of older adults. Cautious interpretation of the RBANS index scores as five distinct cognitive domains may be warranted, particularly when there is minimal discrepancy across performance on the tests that comprise each index.
A technical consideration when using flow diversion for recurrent aneurysms following stent-assisted coiling

Flow diversion (FD) is a treatment option for recurrent aneurysms including following stent-assisted coiling (SAC), although this approach is both 'off-label' and unproven. A technical challenge of FD placement may involve the microwire catching on the tines of the previously placed stent or potentially going 'in-out-in' from the central axis of the stent. We report a case and technique that assures the wire has safely remained within the central axis of the stent. The procedure was performed in standard fashion except that the intermediate catheter was passed completely through the previously placed stent after the microwire/microcatheter had crossed. The large diameter of the intermediate catheter assured that the microwire did not go 'in-out-in'. The intermediate catheter was completely withdrawn from the stent and the FD was placed in standard fashion. This technique may help to achieve complete FD opening and prevent thromboembolic complications associated with incomplete FD opening.
Improving the support of the suddenly bereaved.

Purpose of review It is recognized that death is inevitable but rarely are we prepared for the death of significant persons in our lives. Sudden death is by its nature unexpected and thus shocking for family members and friends of the decedent. Sudden deaths have customarily been divided into four categories based on the cause of death, including natural, accidental, suicidal, or homicidal (NASH) deaths. Supporting the suddenly bereaved can be stressful, for both novice and experienced professionals; this review provides information important to healthcare professionals (HCP) who are often in a position to support family members after a sudden death. Recent findings Evidence suggests that supportive actions for those suddenly bereaved include HCPs conveying empathy, answering questions about the cause of death, allowing family members an opportunity to say goodbye, and providing follow-up over time. Bereaved individuals appreciate ongoing connections with healthcare professionals after the death, and HCPs need to recognize that the bereaved are at increased risk of illness in the months after a sudden death. Summary Supporting those bereaved after a sudden unexpected death is not easy, even for experienced professionals. This review identifies supportive strategies to use with individuals and family members who are suddenly bereaved. The suggestions in this review can be used in emergency departments and other settings involved with death notifications. Also provided is information that HCPs can use to support bereaved family members.
Characteristics of Gastric Cancer in Lebanon: a Descriptive Study from a Single Institutional Experience.

The epidemiology of gastric cancer in the Middle East has never been described. Therefore, the characteristics of gastric cancer in the Lebanese population will be reported in this study. A retrospective study that included all patients diagnosed with gastric cancer at Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon between 2010 and 2016 was conducted. All eligible patients were reviewed for demographic and epidemiologic analysis. The study included 123 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (range 15–72 years), and the median ECOG performance status was 2 (range 1–4). Most patients were metastatic at diagnosis (52.8%), and diffuse pathology type was predominant (39%). HER2 was positive in 16.2% and correlated with the occurrence of hepatic metastasis (p = 0.048). The HER2 status did not differ significantly between the histological subtypes, the site of the tumor, the stage of the gastric cancer at diagnosis, and the recurrence of cancer (p > 0.05). Gastric cancer in the Lebanese population is characterized by aggressive features such as advanced stage at diagnosis, high prevalence of diffuse type histology, and HER2 positivity.
Hybrid solution of nonlinear stochastic optimal control problems using Legendre Pseudospectral and generalized Polynomial Chaos algorithms

A novel hybrid technique is discussed to numerically solve nonlinear stochastic optimal control (OC) problems with numerous potential applications. The hybrid technique combines a Legendre Pseudospectral Method (LPM) with a generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) method, which are highly accurate numerical methods for solving deterministic OC problems and stochastic differential equations (SDE), respectively. The hybrid algorithm first selects samples from the random space using collocation nodes, inserts those sample values into the differential equations of the OC problem, and then uses a pseudospectral-based deterministic solver to generate solutions for each of the resulting deterministic problems. The set of deterministic solutions (i.e., ensemble of random realizations) are then used to construct a polynomial representation of the solution to the stochastic OC problem as a function of the random inputs using a gPC method (i.e., a high-order stochastic collocation method). The hybrid technique is used to solve a nonlinear stochastic OC problem to demonstrate its utility. The algorithm is a highly accurate technique for solving nonlinear OC problems with uncertain parameters. The hybrid technique will allow the user to analyze the solution to an OC problem and understand how uncertainty on the parameters such as the states, initial conditions, and boundary conditions can affect the solution (i.e., uncertainty quantification). The algorithm may also be useful for near real-time OC since a new trajectory can be followed if the uncertainty can be estimated.