cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of a Polymeric Monolithic Column for Use in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiment, most often done in the undergraduate analytical instrumentation laboratory course, generally illustrates reversed-phase chromatography using a commercial C18 silica column. To avoid the expense of periodic column replacement and introduce a choice of columns with different stationary phases, we have developed an experiment in which students prepare and test a polymer-based monolithic column. The 10 or 15 cm monolithic column is prepared using 1/8 in. o.d. × 2.3 mm i.d. poly(ether ether ketone) or PEEK tubing. The reaction is accomplished thermally at 60 °C for several hours by polymerization of butyl methacrylate cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in a porogen system consisting of 1,4-butanediol, 1-propanol, and water. Using toluene and naphthalene as analytes, profiles of retention factor as a function of methanol have been shown. A study of essential nutrients can be accomplished by using an ion-pairing reagent to separate thiamine from riboflavin. In addition, plate count and van Deemter plots can be done to determine column efficiency. The experiment can be designed to be completed over a 1 to 3 week period of time. Exposure to polymer chemistry, often not a part of the undergraduate laboratory curriculum, is an additional important aspect of this experiment.
Efficacy of latanoprost and timolol maleate in black and white patients.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% and timolol maleate 0.5% in black and white patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This double-masked, randomized, 2-period crossover study included 39 eyes in 22 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. After a 2- to 4-week washout period, patients were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle placebo in the morning and latanoprost in the evening or timolol maleate twice daily for 6 weeks. Then, after a 4-week washout period, patients received the opposing treatment for 6 weeks. Both latanoprost and timolol maleate significantly lowered IOP from baseline in both black and white patients. Latanoprost treatment was associated with lower mean IOP compared with timolol treatment in black patients (P=.013 at 8am,P=.1 9 at 10am). At 10am at the end of the treatment period, the mean±SD change from baseline IOP in black patients receiving latanoprost was significantly greater than that of white patients (−10.2±7.0 and −5.9±2.5 mm Hg, respectively; P=.042). The mean±SD change from baseline IOPs in black patients was not significantly different from that in white patients at 8am at the end of the treatment period for the latanoprost group and at 8am and 10am at the end of the treatment period for the timolol maleate group. In white patients, the change from baseline IOP in light (grade 1) irises was not significantly different from dark (grade 5) irises after treatment with either latanoprost or timolol maleate. In summary, intraocular pressure after treatment with latanoprost was lower than that after timolol treatment in black patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and at 1 of 2 timepoints, latanoprost caused a significantly greater reduction of IOP in black patients than in white patients.
On the Cauchy problem for the 1+2 complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

We present analytical methods to investigate the Cauchy problem for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation u1 = (v + iα)Δu − (κ + iβ) |u|2qu + γu in 2 spatial dimensions (here all parameters are real). We first obtain the local existence for v > 0, κ ≥ 0. Global existence is established in the critical case q = 1. In addition, we prove the global existence when .
Serving the movement: The role(s) of music

(2001). Serving the movement: The role(s) of music. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 25, No. 3-4, pp. 11-24.
Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality following hip fractures: A study using the National Trauma Data Bank

Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. To describe the impact of patient demographics, injury-specific factors, and medical co-morbidities on outcomes after hip fracture using the National Sample Program (NSP) of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). The 2008 NSP-NTDB was queried to identify patients sustaining hip fractures. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, injury-specific factors, and outcomes (including mortality and complications) were recorded and a national estimate model was developed. Unadjusted differences for risk factors were evaluated using t test/Wald Chi square analyses. Weighted logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to control for all factors in the model. The weighted sample contained 44,419 incidents of hip fracture. The average age was 72.7. Sixty-two percent of the population was female and 80 % was white. The mortality rate was 4.5 % and 12.5 % sustained at least one complication. Seventeen percent of patients who sustained at least one complication died. Dialysis, presenting in shock, cardiac disease, male sex, and ISS were significant predictors of mortality, while dialysis, obesity, cardiac disease, diabetes, and a procedure delay of ≥2 days influenced complications. The major potential modifiable risk factor appears to be time to procedure, which had a significant impact on complications. This is the first study to postulate predictors of morbidity and mortality following hip fracture in a US national model. While many co-morbidities appear to be influential in predicting outcome, some of the more significant factors include the presence of shock, dialysis, obesity, and time to surgery. Prognostic study, Level II.
Coronary angiography is a better predictor of mortality than noninvasive testing in patients evaluated for renal transplantation.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare whether coronary angiography or noninvasive imaging more accurately identifies coronary artery disease (CAD) and predicts mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under evaluation for transplantation. Background: CAD is a leading cause of mortality in patients with ESRD. The optimal method for identifying CAD in ESRD patients evaluated for transplantation remains controversial with a paucity of prognostic data currently available comparing noninvasive methods to coronary angiography. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 57 patients undergoing both coronary angiography and stress perfusion imaging. Severe CAD was defined by angiography as ≥70% stenosis, and by noninvasive testing as ischemia in ≥1 zone. Follow-up for all cause mortality was 3.3 years. Results: On noninvasive imaging, 63% had ischemia. On angiography, 40% had at least one vessel with severe stenoses. Abnormal perfusion was observed in 56% of patients without severe disease angiographically. Noninvasive imaging had poor specificity (24%) and poor positive predictive value (43%) for identifying severe disease. Angiography but not noninvasive imaging predicted survival; 3 year survival was 50% and 73% for patients with and without severe CAD by angiography (p<0.05). Conclusions: False positive scintigrams limited noninvasive imaging in patients with ESRD. Angiography was a better predictor of mortality compared with noninvasive testing. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A role of Miz-1 in Gfi-1-mediated transcriptional repression of CDKN1A

Zinc-finger (ZF) transcriptional repressor growth factor independence 1 (Gfi-1) has an important role in hematopoiesis and inner ear development, and also functions as an oncoprotein that cooperates with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis. Gfi-1 represses transcription by directly binding to conserved sequences in the promoters of its target genes. CDKN1A encoding p21Cip1 has been identified as a Gfi-1 target gene and has been shown to contain Gfi-1 binding sites in the upstream promoter region. We show here that Gfi-1 represses CDKN1A in a manner that is independent of its DNA binding activity. Gfi-1 interacts with POZ-ZF transcription factor Miz-1, originally shown to be a c-Myc-interacting partner, and through Miz-1 binds to the CDKN1A core promoter. Interestingly, Gfi-1 and c-Myc, through Miz-1, form a ternary complex on the CDKN1A promoter, and function in collaboration to repress CDKN1A. Gfi-1 knockdown results in enhanced levels of p21Cip1 and attenuated cell proliferation. Notably, similar to c-Myc, the expression of Gfi-1 is downregulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and the level of Gfi-1 influences the response of cells to the cytostatic effect of TGFβ. Our data reveal an important mechanism by which Gfi-1 regulates cell proliferation and may also have implications for understanding the role of Gfi-1 in lymphomagenesis.
Necessity for Restudying Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis in Mammalian Semen

IT is generally accepted that mature spermatozoa cannot synthesize nucleic acids1. The only enzyme involved in nucleic acid synthesis which has been identified in semen is polynucleotide phosphorylase2, but this finding remains unconfirmed, and it has been suggested that the apparent enzyme activity resulted from interactions of other enzymes not involved in nucleic acid synthesis3.
Evaluation of tortuosity factors and effective diffusivities in biofilms

Abstract A cylindrical model (CM) and a random porous cluster model (RPCM) have been developed in this paper to evaluate tortuosities, tortuosity factors, and effective diffusivities within biofilms, based on measurable biofilm properties. The tortuosity factor and the ratio of effective diffusivities to diffusivities in bulk solution ( D e /D b ) of the biofilm can be evaluated from biofilm porosity data by employing the CM presented in this paper. Both tortuosities and effective diffusivities depend on the densities and porosities of biofilms. For biofilms with porosities of 0.84–0.93 in the top layers and 0.58–0.67 in the bottom layer, it was found that tortuosity factors increase from 1.15 to approximately 1.6, while ratios of ( D e /D b ) decrease from 68–81% in the top layer to 38–45% in the bottom layer, based on the CM. The spatial distributions of biofilm properties affect the effectiveness factor profiles directly. Using incorrect ratios of ( D e /D b ) would result in false modeling results.
Tiered Assembly of the Yeast Far3-7-8-9-10-11 Complex at the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Target of rapamycin signaling is a conserved, essential pathway integrating nutritional cues with cell growth and proliferation. The target of rapamycin kinase exists in two distinct complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. It has been reported that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the Far3-7-8-9-10-11 complex (Far complex) negatively regulate TORC2 signaling in yeast. The Far complex, originally identified as factors required for pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest, and PP2A form the yeast counterpart of the STRIPAK complex, which was first isolated in mammals. The cellular localization of the Far complex has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we show that the Far complex localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by analyzing functional GFP-tagged Far proteins in vivo. We found that Far9 and Far10, two homologous proteins each with a tail-anchor domain, localize to the ER in mutant cells lacking the other Far complex components. Far3, Far7, and Far8 form a subcomplex, which is recruited to the ER by Far9/10. The Far3-7-8- complex in turn recruits Far11 to the ER. Finally, we show that the tail-anchor domain of Far9 is required for its optimal function in TORC2 signaling. Our study reveals tiered assembly of the yeast Far complex at the ER and a function for Far complex's ER localization in TORC2 signaling.
Rate of onset of inhibition of gut-wall and hepatic CYP3A by clarithromycin

Aims To determine the extent and time-course of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inactivation due to the mechanism-based inhibitor clarithromycin.
Origin of Broad Emission Lines from Quasistellar Objects

THE optical spectra of QSOs exhibit very broad high-excitation emission lines. The broadest of these in the visible region for typical redshifts are the resonance lines Lyα λ1216, CIV λ1550 and MgII λ2798 (ref. 1). Previous suggestions for the origin of the breadth of these lines include electron scattering and Doppler shifts due to turbulence or other mass motions in clouds of gas.
Correlates of Physical Activity among Women from Diverse Racial/Ethnic Groups

Objective: Women have lower rates of participation in leisure time physical activity than men and have been studied to a lesser extent than men. Because physical activity plays a vital role in overall health, it is important to identify factors than can help increase physical activity rates for women. Methods: Defining and understanding correlates of physical activity is critical for at-risk populations and for planning effective interventions. This paper reviews research conducted in the past two decades on correlates of physical activity in women. An ecological model with an added physical environment component was used to organize the correlates. Studies conducted among adult white, black, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic women are included. A total of 91 studies were reviewed. Many studies included white women, fewer studies included black and Hispanic women, and even fewer included American Indian women, and only 3 studies included Asian women. Results: The correlates most studied are sociodemogr...
Gulf of Aden eddies and their impact on Red Sea Water

� 0.5 m s � 1 , while the equally-energetic anticyclone appeared to be decoupled from the surface circulation. All three eddies reached nearly to the 1000–2000 m deep sea floor, with speeds as high as 0.2–0.3 m s � 1 extending through the depth range of RSW. Comparison of salinity and direct velocity measurements indicates that the eddies advect and stir RSW through the Gulf of Aden. Anomalous water properties in the center of the anticyclonic eddy point to a possible formation site in the Somali Current System. INDEX TERMS: 4520 Oceanography: Physical: Eddies and mesoscale processes; 4536 Oceanography: Physical: Hydrography; 4512 Oceanography: Physical: Currents. Citation: Bower, A. S., D. M. Fratantoni, W. E. Johns, and H. Peters, Gulf of Aden eddies and their impact on Red Sea Water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(21), 2025, doi:10.1029/2002GL015342, 2002.
ET-57TOPOISOMERASE II IN PRONEURAL GLIOMAS, A MODULATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION AND A THERAPEUTIC TARGET

Topoisomerase II (TOP2) is highly expressed on proneural gliomas, but its specific function on these tumors is unknown. We found that TOP2 is expressed in gliomas from early stages, increases during progression, and is elevated in radiographically localized non-enhancing regions of human glioblastoma, an area that is challenging to target systemically, and a common source of recurrence. TOP2A is highly expressed by infiltrating tumor cells, in the tumor center and at the edges, and low on surrounding brain. TOP2 enzymatic activity was detected on proneural glioma cell lines. TOP2 poison etoposide and 3 TOP2 inhibitors showed significant cytotoxicity on a proneural glioma cells (IC50 0.3-4 mM). Moreover, intracranial etoposide convection-enhanced delivery (CED) (80 mM) was tolerated and led to a significant survival benefit in mouse proneural gliomas. In contrast, etoposide CED (4 mM) showed transient decrease in tumor growth but failed to prolong survival, consistent with ineffective tumoral concentrations in trials of systemic etoposide for recurrent gliomas. TOP2 transcriptional modulation on proneural gliomas was suggested as the activity of many key transcription factors correlates with TOP2 levels across glioblastoma patients. TOP2 pharmacological targeting is a promising treatment target for some gliomas. Refining patient selection and drug delivery is key for optimizing this therapy.
Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in canine heart failure.

Abstract Background: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non–blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in dilated cardiomyopathy and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing LV wall stress (LVWS) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. Methods: In mongrel dogs ( n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25–27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), LVWS, and hemodynamic data in both groups. Results: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% ± 2.6% at implantation ( p p p p p p p p p Conclusions: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased LVWS by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased LVWS were maintained at explantation.
Standard uptake value predicts survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background Integrated [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scan is a widely used modality in the evaluation of lung cancer. Our goal was to determine the ability of the standard uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumor (SUV-T) and regional lymph nodes (SUV-N) to predict survival. Methods From January 2005 through June 2007, 584 consecutive patients undergoing integrated PET-CT scan for suspected lung cancer were studied. Results of integrated PET-CT scans, including the maximum SUV-T and SUV-N, were recorded. A patient was defined as having a positive PET scan if the maximum SUV (T or N) was greater than 2.5. Overall survival was documented from clinical records and the Social Security Death Index. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between SUV and survival. Results Among patients with a positive PET scan (n = 329), both SUV-T and SUV-N were predictors of survival. As maximum SUV of the primary mass increased, survival decreased (hazard ratio, 1.05; p p p = 0.001). Conclusions Local and regional maximum SUVs defined by integrated PET-CT scanning have a strong correlation with survival in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. An elevated SUV is known preoperatively and may assist clinicians in stratifying patients at increased overall risk preoperatively.
Optimal sensor placement via Gaussian quadrature

A new approach to sensor placement is introduced. Given a feedback control law having an integral representation, compute a Gaussian quadrature formula using the functional gain as a weight function. The nodes of the quadrature formula then give the optimal locations for sensors. To illustrate this approach numerical examples involving the control of a slewing beam are given.
Policies for the Future Prevention of Handicaps in Children

Handicaps to children are sufficiently numerous and of such variety that a significant proportion of children and youth in industrialized countries are unable to reach their natural potential and productivity. In times of low birth rates in industrialized countries this can become a limitation in reaching national goals. From a purely humanitarian standpoint children with handicaps could have better quality lives if their handicaps could be prevented. This paper is an effort to put forth a rationale for the prevention of furture handicaps to children and suggest some of the policies that lead in that direction. Pediatricians worldwide have distinguished themselves for more than one hundred years by their effective efforts to understand and to interpret the phenomenon of human growth and development. This focus upon both physical growth and development and social-behavioral development has discovered much of the evidence for the continuity of the human life span from conception to the elder years, continuity of processes that emerge at one stage in life and have maximum impact at still another. One can no longer seclude a single stage such as infancy from a much later stage such as the young adult because many manifestations observed in infancy may have their major effects in the young adult. In truth, we pediatricians are increasingly being drawn toward interest in all aspects of the life span simply because of their interrelatedness and the practical applicability of pediatric policies and principles to the stages of life that follow childhood and youth.
Vector array based Multi-View Face Detection with compound exemplars

We address the problem of Multiple View Face Detection (MVFD) in unconstrained environments. In order to achieve generalized face detection we use part-based image representations by tessellation of small image patches, which are typified by 2D vector arrays. Faces are detected by a method named Vector Array Recognition by Indexing and Sequencing (VARIS). VARIS is designed to find the optimal similarity matching between the input image and stored exemplars while allowing wide geometrical variations that are limited only by topological constraints. Aggregated similarity is further enhanced by matching the input images with compound exemplars. The novel compounding procedure also reduces the number of exemplars necessary for each class representation. VARIS with compounding performs efficient parallel classification and has polynomial computational complexity.
A study of the impact behavior of chopped fiber reinforced composite

The impact behavior of sheet molding compound (SMC) plaques was determined by using an instrumented Instron puncture test machine and the failure mechanism was qualitatively assessed by examining the damage. The impact response of SMC in terms of the load-deflection curve is fairly consistent and shows the characteristics of a composite, intermediate between a brittle and a ductile material. At the speed of 2 m/s (about 5 miles per hour) the fracture energy, i.e., energy to break, was determined to be about 10 J for a regular 3 mm thick R-25 SMC panel. This value decreases exponentially with a decrease in the thickness of the panel (power of 2.7). The failure process could also be affected by the material factors (resin and fibers used in the composite). For instance, an examination of the length distribution of the fibers in the damage region indicates that a combination of fiber pull-out and severe fiber breakage have contributed to the impact resistance. Also, the fiber length in the composite could alter the failure modes. With the 25 mm fibers, the damage consists of an even mixture of fiber breakage and fiber pull-out, but with a mixture of equal numbers of longer (38 mm) and shorter (13 mm) fibers in the composite, the damage is shifted to predominantly breakage of the longer fibers.
PERFECT COMPETITION IN THE CONTINUOUS ASSIGNMENT MODEL

Abstract This paper provides a rigorous formalization, in the context of the transferable utility assignment model, of perfect competition as the inability of individuals to (favorably) influence prices. The central tool for the analysis is the social gains function; the central issue is differentiability of the gains function with respect to the population. Seven conditions are shown to be equivalent to perfect competition. Perfect competition and imperfect competition are possible for both finite and continuum assignment economies, but most finite economies are imperfectly competitive, while most continuum economies are perfectly competitive. However, most large finite assignment economies are approximately perfectly competitive. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C61, C62, C78.
Input in an Institutional Setting.

This paper investigates the nature of input available to learners in the institutional setting of the academic advising session. The advisory session, an unequal status encounter that by nature is a private speech event and cannot be observed by other learners, provides a starting point for the investigation of real and perceived availability of input. Evidence for the realization of speech acts as well as appropriate content and form, positive evidence from peers and status unequals, the effect of stereotypes, and limitations of a learner's pragmatic and grammatical competence are factors that may influence the course of development of interlanguage pragmatics in the institutional setting.
The volcanic history of Olympus Mons from paleo-topography and flexural modeling

Abstract Paleotopography and flexural modeling are here used to constrain the formation history and eruption rates of Olympus Mons, the tallest shield volcano on Mars. The timing of the initiation of significant edifice construction is constrained using lava flows whose paths deviate significantly from the down-slope direction of the present-day flexural trough, and thus are classified as topographically discordant. Flexural models are used to place limits on the fraction of Olympus Mons that could have been present at the time of emplacement of one strongly discordant flow. Comparison of the predicted flexural response with the paleotopography indicates that no more than 29–51% of the volume of Olympus Mons could have been present at the time the discordant flow was emplaced. The end of the primary edifice construction stage is constrained by the formation of the aureole deposits, which are inferred to post-date the bulk of the volcano. The ages of 3.67 − 0.10 + 0.05 Ga for the discordant flow and 2.54 − 0.69 + 0.55 Ga for the aureole deposit span the period during which the majority of Olympus Mons formed, a period of approximately 1.13 − 0.65 + 0.74 Gyr. The resulting eruption rate of 0.003–0.015 km3/yr is similar to that observed in terrestrial hot-spot volcanism, supporting a similar geodynamic mechanism driving shield-forming volcanism on Earth and Mars. After this period, the rate of volcanic resurfacing dropped off considerably, but low levels of volcanic activity have been maintained through the last several hundred million years.
Bidirectional ACR-NEMA interface between the VA's DHCP integrated imaging system and the Siemens-Loral PACS

There is a wide range of requirements for digital hospital imaging systems. Radiology needs very high resolution black and white images. Other diagnostic disciplines need high resolution color imaging capabilities. Images need to be displayed in many locations throughout the hospital. Different imaging systems within a hospital need to cooperate in order to show the whole picture. At the Baltimore VA Medical Center, the DHCP Integrated Imaging System and a commercial Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) work in concert to provide a wide-range of departmental and hospital-wide imaging capabilities. An interface between the DHCP and the Siemens-Loral PACS systems enables patient text and image data to be passed between the two systems. The interface uses ACR-NEMA 2.0 Standard messages extended with shadow groups based on draft ACR-NEMA 3.0 prototypes. A Novell file server, accessible to both systems via Ethernet, is used to communicate all the messages. Patient identification information, orders, ADT, procedure status, changes, patient reports, and images are sent between the two systems across the interface. The systems together provide an extensive set of imaging capabilities for both the specialist and the general practitioner.
DESAP1: A structural synthesis with stress and local instability constraints

Abstract This study presents a finite element program for computer automated synthesis of linear elastic structures under static loading. The objective of the synthesis is to obtain minimum structural weight with stress and local instability constraints of large structures. The proposed optimization technique is considerably more flexible and realistic than previously published algorithms. Example problems including thermal stresses are presented. Further example problems and applications will be presented in continuation papers.
Investigating the H2–He–H2O–CH4 equation of state in the deep troposphere of Jupiter

Abstract In this work, a new equation of state for a H2–He–H2O–CH4 mixture is presented. The equation is optimized for the deep jovian atmosphere (∼100 bars) where the NASA Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) will probe. The methodology used is based upon that of Lemmon and Jacobsen (Lemmon, E.W., Jacobsen, R.T. [2004]. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 33, 593–+) and Kunz et al. (Kunz, O., Klimeck, R., Wagner, W., Jaeschke, M. [2006]. Technical Monograph, VDI-Verlag). This methodology is used in combination with available published thermodynamic measurements and with new pressure–Volume–Temperature (pVT) measurements of H2–H2O mixtures conducted with the jovian simulator described in Karpowicz and Steffes (Karpowicz, B.M., Steffes, P.G. [2011]. Icarus 212, 210–223). In addition to being necessary to interpret laboratory measurements, the new equation of state is important in developing temperature pressure profiles of the deep jovian atmosphere. This is demonstrated by incorporating the new equation of state into an updated version of the DeBoer (DeBoer, D.R. [1995]. Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology) Thermo-Chemical Model (TCM), and viewing its effect on the resulting simulated jovian atmospheric profiles.
Light on the Shadow of the Syphilis Study at Tuskegee

In the 1940s, with the disclosure that Nazi doctors had conducted experiments on humans, the term research crime appeared for the first time. Most Americans believed such abuses could never happen here. On a hot day in July 1972, however, the national front-page news described an experiment sponsored by the U.S. government. In Macon County, Alabama, a large group of Black men had gone untreated for syphilis. Over 4 decades, as some of them died, the U.S. government went to great lengths to ensure that the men in the Tuskegee Study were denied treatment, even after penicillin had become the standard of care in the mid-1940s
Kinetic and immunochemical characterization of α-l-fucosidase from vertebrate livers

Abstract 1. 1. Crude liver α- l -fucosidase was investigated in 10 vertebrate species ranging from fish to human using 4-methylumbelliferyl-α- l -fucopyranoside as substrate. 2. 2. The α- l -fucosidases were characterized by determinations of pH optima and isoelectric focusing profiles, K m values, thermostabilities after preincubation at 45°C and 60°C, and immunoprecipitation by anti-human liver α- l -fucosidase antibody. 3. 3. Results suggest differences in liver α- l -fucosidases with respect to pH optima, thermostabilities and isoelectric focusing profiles. However, the K m values were largely similar and 9 to 10 species were precipitated by the human IgG preparation, suggesting antigenic similarity.
Influence of contrast on orientation and temporal frequency tuning in ferret primary visual cortex.

Neurons in primary visual cortex are highly sensitive to the contrast, orientation, and temporal frequency of a visual stimulus. These three stimulus properties can be varied independently of one a...
SU‐E‐T‐753: Theoretical Investigation of Prostate Permanent Implant Treatment Planning Algorithm

Purpose: To investigate analytic and numerical strategies involved in permanent prostate implant planning. The goal is to find optimal seeding plan to achieve a homogeneous dose distribution within the PTV. Method: The PTV is simplified as a sphere ‐ a first order approximation of prostate PTV. I‐125 seeds with equal activities are modeled as TG43U1 Amersham 6711 point sources. The distribution of the seeds is represented by seed density function with spherical symmetry. No seeds are placed outside the PTV. The dose at any point inside the PTV is obtained by the integral of dose contribution over the PTV volume. A solution of the seed distribution is sought to achieve a homogeneous prescription dose throughout the PTV. Results: The analytical expression representing the dose distribution inside the PTV was found to be the sum of two simple integrals involving seed density function and radial dose function. The treatment planning is turned into a mathematical problem of finding the seed density function given the prescribed dose and the seed properties such as air kerma strength and radial dose function. Analytic solution of the seed density function remains unsolved in this study. Nevertheless, a feasible approach through numerical integration has been described. Conclusions: This study successfully identified the analytical representation for the simplified prostate seed implant treatment planning. A straightforward numerical solution to the homogeneous dose equation is presented. More study is needed to use the same strategy to handle practical prostate implant treatment planning.
Cloud-Chamber Study of Negative Strange Particles

A detailed analysis of the decays in flight of negative K mesons and hyperons, obtained with the 48-in. cloud chambers in Pasadena, is presented. The principal results are the following: 1. Two new fully measurable τ^− events add to the already strong evidence for the existence of this particle. 2. K^− events with a single charged secondary are shown to be most consistent with the K_(π^2) and K_(μ^2) decay modes. 3. An analysis of 7 Caltech Ξ^− events is shown to lead to a Q value of 65±3 Mev, and a 50% confidence lower limit to the lifetime of 4.6 × 10^(−10) sec. A rough upper limit to the lifetime of 2 × 10^(−8) sec, based on the predictions of the strangeness theory, is obtained. Angular correlations among the Ξ^− secondaries are studied, but the statistics are insufficient to permit any significant conclusion. An additional event which is most easily interpreted as a Ξ^− decay is discussed. 4. The V^− events which are neither K^− nor Ξ^− are shown to have a lifetime less than or equal to (1.52^+(0.38)_(−0.25))×10^(−10) sec and a P^* value, based on their transverse momentum distribution, of 197±7 Mev/c. These values correspond satisfactorily with the presently known properties of the Σ^−hyperon. 5. It is estimated from a comparison of the numbers of identified Ξ−'s and V^−'s that the fraction of Λ^0 particles which decay into charged secondaries is greater than 0.40^(+0.15)_(−0.11), and can, insofar as the present data are concerned, be as high as unity. All errors quoted in the above results are 50% confidence limits.
Acoustic-mode scattering mobility of holes in diamond type semiconductors

Abstract The mobility of holes scattered by acoustic phonons in a diamond-type semiconductor, and specifically in germanium, has been calculated using matrix elements calculated, in a previous paper, as a function of the three applicable deformation potentials. The matrix elements, and hence the scattering times and the mean free paths, were represented by expansions in Kubic Harmonics. No “spherical symmetry” approximations were made and the calculation provides a critique, on the basis of the rate of convergence of the expansions, of such approximations. The experimental values a = 2.0 eV, b = −2.1 eV, d = −7.0 eV were used for the deformation potentials in germanium and the acoustic-mode drift mobility was calculated to be 3.13 × 10 4 cm 2 volt sec at 100°K. The available experimental value is 3.38 × 104.
A Unifying View of Hybrid Simulation/Analytic Models and Modeling

In this paper we give unifying definitions for both hybrid simulation/analytic models and modeling. We present four classes of hybrid simulation/analytic models and give examples of each class, including numerical results for two of the examples Four usages of hybrid simulation/analytic modeling are also presented with examples.
Modulation of aromatase activity by growth factors in an androgen sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP

The effects of steroids and peptide growth factors on aromatase activity in an androgen sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) were investigated. Factors were selected based on their observed modulation of the enzyme in other tissues. Incubation with epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-I decreased aromatase activity in LNCaP cells by 25-40%. Insulin like growth factor-1, dexamethasone, dibutyryl cAMP and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, all of which are modulators of aromatase in other tissues, had no significant effect on aromatase activity in LNCaP cells. In addition, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2 methylpiperazine (H-7) had no effect on the enzyme activity. Factors affecting prostatic aromatase may be distinct from those for other known species.
Fatty acid positional distribution in egg yolk triglycerides from various avain species

The fatty acid composition and distribution in egg yolk triglycerides and phosphatides from the turkey, duck, prairie chicken, bobwhite quail, Japanese quail, and inbred-hybrid and midget mutant hens were determined after all species had been fed diets of similar fat and fatty acid content for 90 days. Total volk lipids were composed of ca. two-thirds neutral lipids and one-third polar lipids. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic and stearic. There were statistically significant differences in the my ristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in the yolk triglycerides and in the proportion of 16∶1, 18∶0, 18∶2, arachidonic, docosanoic, docosahexaenoic, and tetracosanoic acids in the phosphatides among the various species. Linoleic acid predominantly was linked at the 2-position in the yolk triglycerides followed by the 20∶4 acid. The 18∶1 acid also was found preferentially at the 2-position. There was a low level of 18∶2 in the yolk triglycerides and phosphatides from the duck and an especially high level of 20∶4 acid in the phosphatides. The triglycerides in the species studied have essentially the same distribution of fatty acids in the 2-position. In all the species, the affinity for the fatty acids at the 2-position is in the following order: 18∶2=20∶4>18∶1 =18∶3>18∶0=16∶1>14∶0>16∶0 Differences observed among the various genera did not appear to follow taxonomic boundaries. The duck has an efficient system for converting 18∶2 into 20∶4 by elongation and desaturation. The prairie chicken apparently has a high requirement for 18∶2 but an inadequate system for its conversion into 20∶4.
Ontogeny of region-specific sex differences in androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the rat forebrain.

Testosterone and its metabolites are the principal gonadal hormones responsible for sexual differentiation of the brain. However, the relative roles of the androgen receptor (AR) vs. the estrogen receptor in specific aspects of this process remain unclear due to the intracellular metabolism of testosterone to active androgenic and estrogenic compounds. In this study, we used an 35S-labeled riboprobe and in situ hybridization to analyze steady state, relative levels of AR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the developing bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area, and lateral septum, as well as the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. Each area was examined on embryonic day 20 and postnatal days 0, 4, 10, and 20 to produce a developmental profile of AR mRNA expression. AR mRNA hybridization was present on embryonic day 20 in all areas analyzed. In addition, AR mRNA expression increased throughout the perinatal period in all areas examined in both males and females. However, b...
Laser-Based Sensitive Detection of Energetic Materials

The development of a novel technique for sensing trace vapors of −NO2 containing compounds is reported. This technique is based on the use of one laser operating at 226 nm to both photofragment the target molecule and detect the characteristic NO fragment, formed from a rapid predissociation of NO2, by resonance–enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) via its A2Σ+–X2Π (0,0) band origin. The analytical utility of this technique is demonstrated on a number of compounds, including dimethylnitramine, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, TNT, and RDX, employing molecular beam sampling with time–of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of the jet cooled analyte seeded in an atmosphere of buffer gas. For RDX and TNT, a detection limit of 8 and 24 ppb, respectively, is demonstrated using a laser energy of 100 microjoules/pulse.
Thermodynamics of pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity in polymers

Abstract The thermodynamic response of pyroelectric and piezoelectric materials is studied, and the relationship between the forces acting on devices and those on isolated samples of materials is discussed. Because polymers typically have low elastic moduli the secondary pyroelectricity due to changes in sample shape is often important. The relationship between changes in dipole moment of a sample and the traditionally-denned primary and secondary components of pyroelectricity is described.
The Logic of Protest Action

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/org_mgmt_pub Part of the American Politics Commons, Behavioral Economics Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Criminology Commons, Economic History Commons, Economic Theory Commons, Human Ecology Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Models and Methods Commons, Political Theory Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social Policy Commons, Social Psychology Commons, Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, Social Work Commons, and the Urban Studies Commons
Control of eating behavior in an obese patient by avoidance conditioning.

A behavioral treatment utilizing avoidance conditioning with an obese patient is described. Favorite foods (CS) were paired with a highly noxious odor (UCS) in the conditioning paradigm and a weigh...
Use of Microcontact Printing for Generating Selectively Grown Films of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and Parylenes Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Several non-photolithographic methods for growing patterned films of parylene-based polymers prepared by chemical vapor deposition are presented. These patterns were generated using transition meta...
Time-dependent changes in non-COX-1-dependent platelet function with daily aspirin therapy

To develop an integrated metric of non-COX-1-dependent platelet function (NCDPF) to measure the temporal response to aspirin in healthy volunteers and diabetics. NCDPF on aspirin demonstrates wide variability, despite suppression of COX-1. Although a variety of NCDPF assays are available, no standard exists and their reproducibility is not established. We administered 325 mg/day aspirin to two cohorts of volunteers (HV1, n = 52, and HV2, n = 96) and diabetics (DM, n = 74) and measured NCDPF using epinephrine, collagen, and ADP aggregometry and PFA100 (collagen/epi) before (Pre), after one dose (Post), and after several weeks (Final). COX-1 activity was assessed with arachidonic acid aggregometry (AAA). The primary outcome of the study, the platelet function score (PFS), was derived from a principal components analysis of NCDPF measures. The PFS strongly correlated with each measure of NCDPF in each cohort. After 2 or 4 weeks of daily aspirin the Final PFS strongly correlated (r > 0.7, P < 0.0001) and was higher (P < 0.01) than the Post PFS. The magnitude and direction of the change in PFS (Final–Post) in an individual subject was moderately inversely proportional to the Post PFS in HV1 (r = -0.45), HV2 (r = -0.54), DM (r = -0.68), P < 0.0001 for all. AAA remained suppressed during aspirin therapy. The PFS summarizes multiple measures of NCDPF. Despite suppression of COX-1 activity, NCDPF during aspirin therapy is predictably dynamic: those with heightened NCDPF continue to decline whereas those with low/normal NCDPF return to pre-aspirin levels over time.
Epitope mapping of the monoclonal antibody FAC2 on the apoprotein of CPa‐1 in photosystem II

Using a combination of cyanogen bromide cleavage and endoproteinase digestion we have shown that the putative epitope for the monoclonal antibody FAC2 lies in the region 360Pro-391Ser on the apoprotein of CPa-1. This region lies entirely within the large extrinsic loop of this protein. We have shown previously that the epitope of FAC2 becomes exposed in oxygen-evolving membranes upon treatment with alkaline Tris which releases all four of the manganese associated with the oxygen-evolving site of photosystem II. The epitope is not exposed, however, after CaCl2 treatment and exposure to low concentrations of chloride, conditions which lead to the release of two of the four manganeses associated with the oxygen-evolving site [(1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 256, 295–301]. These results suggest that, upon release of the chloride-insensitive manganese from photosystem II membranes, a conformational change occurs which leads to the exposure of 360Pro-391Ser on CPa-1 to the monoclonal antibody FAC2.
ENTOMOLOGY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT

Insects play a major role in shaping the nature of man's environment. Indeed, it is difficult to conceive an environment as we know it without insects. They are an essential element in the food webs of countless animals. They regulate the abundance of many plants either as herbivores or as vital agents in plant propagation. At the same time, insects are man's chief competitor for food. They are agents for the transmission of many of the most serious diseases of man, animals, and plants.
On the stability of rotational discontinuities: One- and two-dimensional hybrid simulations

Studies of rotational discontinuities (RDs) and their role in affecting the magnetic field rotations at the magnetopause have been generally conducted using one-dimensional simulations and for RDs in isolation from external perturbations. The conditions at the magnetopause are, however, often turbulent with large Alfvenic and mirror mode fluctuations. Here, previous calculations are extended to two-dimensions using the hybrid code and the effect of external perturbations on the stability of both isotropic and anisotropic RDs is examined for the first time. As in the one-dimensional simulations and in agreement with observations at the magnetopause, RDs are found to satisfy the minimum shear condition (rotation angles less than or equal to 180°) and have gradient scale half-widths of the order of 1–4 ion inertial lengths. In addition, RDs are found to be quite stable even when large amplitude mirror and Alfven waves impinge upon them. No evidence for two-dimensional (e.g., surface or shear) instabilities were found. Although simulations show the presence of a coherent wavetrain for some of the RDs, the observations of RDs at the magnetopause have not identified any wavetrain. It is shown that under the turbulent conditions prevalent at the magnetopause, the detection of wavetrain in the data would most likely require multispacecraft measurements.
A tumor-immune mathematical model of CD4+ T helper cell dependent tumor regression by oncogene inactivation

Understanding the complex dynamics between the tumor cells and the host immune system will be key to improved therapeutic strategies against cancer. We propose an ODE-based mathematical model of both the tumor and immune system and how they respond to inactivation of the driving oncogene. Our model supports experimental results showing that cellular senescence of tumor cells is dependent on CD4+ T helper cells, leading to relapse of tumors in immunocompromised hosts.
High-resolution, real-time 3D imaging with fringe analysis

Real-time 3D imaging is becoming increasingly important in areas such as medical science, entertainment, homeland security, and manufacturing. Numerous 3D imaging techniques have been developed, but only a few of them have the potential to achieve realtime. Of these few, fringe analysis based techniques stand out, having many advantages over the rest. This paper will explain the principles behind fringe analysis based techniques, and will provide experimental results from systems using these techniques.