cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of antibiotics in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To establish a method for determination of antibiotic in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography.Methods: The samples were extracted by CH3OH+0.1 mol/L(HCL)=1+1,detected by HPLC—DAD.Chromatographic conditions were: chromatographic column: Waters-AtlantisT3(4.6 mm×150 mm I.D.,5 μm),Mobile phase: acetonitrile +0.02 mol/L KH2PO4(0.1% Methanoic acid)=15+85,flow rate: 1.0 ml/min,detecting wavelength was 218 nm.Results: The correlation coefficient of linear calibration curve was over 0.999 with ampicillin in the range of 25 mg/L~250 mg/L,minocycline hydrochloride,oxytetracycline,tetracycline hydrochloride concentration in the range of 50 mg/L~500 mg/L.The average recoveries were 85.6%~109.5%.The relative standard deviations were 3.01%~7.74%.The limits of detection for ampicillin was 5 mg/ml,for minocycline hydrochloride and oxytetracyclin were both 10 mg/ml,for tetracycline hydrochioride was 15 mg/ml.Conclusion: The method is simple and highly sensitive with good separation effect,so it can meet the need for determination of ampicillin,minocycline hydrochloride,oxytetracycline,tetracycline hydrochioride in cosmetics.
Effectiveness on TB control health lecture among school students in Wenzhou

Objective To understand the effectiveness of TB health lecture among school students in communities in Wenzhou and provide evidences for TB health education in the future. Methods Eight communities were selected by random sampling method. The school students were called together and accepted health lecture of main TB knowledge.Students were divided into three groups, namely primary, middle, high school group. Same questionnaire which contains 8questions was used to investigate TB knowledge at baseline, as well as after health lecture. Results The single awareness rates of 6 main TB knowledge were obviously improved after health lecture(P0.01).The overall awareness rate of TB was47.92% at baseline, and 78.69% after TB health lecture. Significant difference was found between them( χ2=654.559,P0.01).In the primary, middle and high school groups,the overall awareness rates of TB at baseline were 28.65%,62.63% and62.70%,and 65.50%,89.90% and 88.10% after TB health lecture with significant difference( χ2 were 372.633,162.718 and 175.241 respectively,P 0.01). The awareness rate of all main TB knowledge and greater than or equal to 4 correct were significantly improved after the lecture(P0.01).At baseline and after health lecture, the awareness rate of primary school group was lower than the other two groups with significant differences between the three groups( χ2 were236.442,274.271 156.994 and 158.429 respectively,P0.01). Conclusion TB control health lecture has remarkable effect in promotion of TB awareness for school students. The awareness rate of primary school students was lower than the middle and high school students.
Leviathan and the Breast Pump: Toward an Embodied Rhetoric of Wearable Technology

In this essay, I develop a feminist framework for analyzing wearable technologies as embodied rhetorics, one that considers (1) how wearable technologies enable micro-performances of gender, status, and identity; (2) how wearable technologies are embedded in policy/political frameworks as well as scientific/medical ones; (3) how wearable technologies are embedded in spatiotemporal networks of actors, objects, and so on; and (4) how the design of technological objects themselves do or do not live up to the promises of wearability and mobility. Using an analysis of the breast pump as my case and drawing from interviews with women about their experiences, I show how the breast pump crystallizes a network of rhetorics that is both disruptive and productive of gendered differences. In particular, the breast pump presents rhetorical arguments for returning to work soon after childbirth while performing a professional role. At the same time, this technology makes an argument for including nursing bodies on colle...
A Drone Manifesto: Re-forming the Partial Politics of Targeted Killing

Debates about today’s unmanned systems explain their operation using binary distinctions to delimit “us” and “them,” “here” and “there,” and “human” and “machine.” Yet the networked actions of drone aircraft persistently undo these oppositions. I show that unmanned systems are dissociative, not dualistic. I turn to Haraway’s “A Cyborg Manifesto” (1991) to reflect on how drones rework limits ranging from the scale of bodies to geopolitical territories, as well as the political challenges they entail. The analysis has two parts. The first considers how Cold War drones fit into cybernetic discourse. I examine the Firebee , a pilotless target built in the aftermath of World War II, and explore how the system acts as if it were guided by machine responses even though human control remains integral to its operation. The second part considers how contemporary discussions of drone aircraft, both for and against the systems, rely on this dissociative logic. Rather than critiquing unmanned aircraft as dehumanizing, I argue that responses to drones must address the interconnections they produce and call for a politics that puts together the dissociations on which unmanned systems rely.
Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Star Fruit and Sweet Orange Juices Blend Fruit Cordial

Star fruit is one of the tropical fruit that has received less attention from the food industry. A large number of ripened star fruits are wasted during the fruiting-season. Therefore, a study was conducted to develop mixed cordial from star fruit and sweet orange. Star fruit juice, in the amounts of 80, 70 and 60 ml were mixed with sweet orange juice for the formulation of 100 ml of cordial. The cordials were subjected to nutritional, microbial and sensory analysis after formulation and during storage. The nutritional analysis of the developed cordials revealed that, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and total sugar increased with an increase in the level of sweet orange juice, with the 30% sweet orange juice level, having the values of 0.42%, 23.72 mg/100 ml, and 10.34% respectively and pH 3.46. Sensory analysis showed significant difference between treatments. The cordials were subjected to storage studies at 30°C and RH of 80% for 11 weeks. The storage studies revealed that, the declining trends in ascorbic acid, pH and total sugar and increasing trend in titrable acidity. After 11 weeks storage, the mixed cordial of 70% star fruit juice with 30% sweet orange juice contained 0.95% titrable acidity (as citric acid), 16.8 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 7.2% total sugar and 3.1 pH. No harmful total plate count was observed in cordials after formulation and during storage. No remarkable changes in sensory characters were observed during storage period. Based on the results of the assessment, the mixed cordial of 70% star fruit juice with 30% sweet orange juice was selected as best mixed cordial. KEYWORDS: Cordial, star fruit juice, storage, sweet orange juice
Variable Selection Methods for Probabilistic Load Forecasting: Empirical Evidence from Seven States of the United States

Variable selection is the process of selecting a subset of relevant variables for use in model construction. It is a critical step in forecasting but has not yet played a major role in the load forecasting literature. In probabilistic load forecasting, many methodologies to date rely on the variable selection mechanisms inherited from the point load forecasting literature. Consequently, the variables of an underlying model for probabilistic load forecasting are selected by minimizing a point error measure. On the other hand, a holistic and seemingly more accurate method would be to select variables using probabilistic error measures. Nevertheless, this holistic approach by nature requires more computational efforts than its counterpart. As the computing technologies are being greatly enhanced over time, a fundamental research question arises: can we significantly improve the forecast skill by taking the holistic yet computationally intensive variable selection method? This paper tackles the variable selection problem in probabilistic load forecasting by proposing a holistic method (HoM) and comparing it with a heuristic method (HeM). HoM uses a probabilistic error measure to select the variables to construct the underlying model for probabilistic forecasting, which is consistent with the error measure used for the final probabilistic forecast evaluation. HeM takes a shortcut by relying on a point error measure for variable selection. The evidence from the empirical study covering seven states of the United States suggests that: 1) the two methods indeed return different variable sets for the underlying models and 2) HoM slightly outperforms but does not dominate HeM with respect to the skill of probabilistic load forecasts. Nevertheless, the conclusion might vary on other datasets. Other empirical studies of the same nature would be encouraged as part of the future work.
Ocular Manifestations of Endocrinologic Diseases

Pediatric endocrine disorders may affect the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonads. Endocrine disease may result in hormone deficiency or excess. Systemic and ocular pathology varies depending on the gland or glands involved. Management often requires a team approach amongst various specialties including but not limited to: endocrine, ophthalmology, genetics, oncology and neurosurgery. Each endocrine gland associated with various diseases and their ocular manifestations are discussed within the chapter.
Bureaucratic accountability in third‐party governance: Experimental evidence of blame attribution during times of budgetary crisis

With the rise of third-party government, the lines between the sectors have blurred as has accountability. Public service delivery failures can erode government legitimacy and trust, but who do citizens blame when something goes wrong? To answer this question, we employ an experiment to see whether citizens hold local governments and private contractors equally accountable for service delivery failure. We also examine how they expect the employees to be held accountable. Results demonstrate that blame is attributed to those providing the service directly. However, the introduction of a budget shortfall lessens the blame assigned to the contractor, and implicates the city even when the service is provided indirectly through a contract. Finally, citizens are less in favour of terminating the employment of both public and contract employees under budget shortfalls. Findings suggest that if citizens are given information about the context and who is in control of the service, they attribute blame accordingly.
Human Hepatocyte Metabolism of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids MN-18 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog 5F-MN-18.

BACKGROUND: In 2014, 2 novel synthetic cannabinoids, MN-18 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-MN-18, were first identified in an ongoing survey of novel psychoactive substances in Japan. In vitro pharmacological assays revealed that MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 displayed high binding affinities to human CB1 and CB2 receptors, with Ki being 1.65–3.86 nmol/L. MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 were scheduled in Japan and some other countries in 2014. Despite increasing prevalence, no human metabolism data are currently available, making it challenging for forensic laboratories to confirm intake of MN-18 or 5F-MN-18. METHODS: We incubated 10 μmol/L of MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 in human hepatocytes for 3 h and analyzed the samples on a TripleTOF 5600+ high-resolution mass spectrometer to identify appropriate marker metabolites. Data were acquired via full scan and information-dependent acquisition-triggered product ion scans with mass defect filter. RESULTS: In total, 13 MN-18 metabolites were detected, with the top 3 abundant metabolites being 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid, pentyl-carbonylated MN-18, and naphthalene-hydroxylated MN-18. For 5F-MN-18, 20 metabolites were observed, with the top 3 abundant metabolites being 5′-OH-MN-18, MN-18 pentanoic acid, and 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid. CONCLUSIONS: We have characterized MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 metabolism with human hepatocytes and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and we recommend characteristic major metabolites for clinical and forensic laboratories to identify MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 intake and link observed adverse events to these novel synthetic cannabinoids.
Classification using efficient LU decomposition in sensornets

We consider the popular application of detection, classification and tracking and their feasibility in resource constrained sensornets. We concentrate on the classification aspect, by decomposing the complex, computationally intensive signal processing Maximum-APosterior (MAP) classifier into simpler computationally and communicationally load balanced procedures, using a clustering approach. LU decomposition is an efficient approach for computing the inverse of covariance matrices required in the MAP classifier. We thus explore feasibility of LU decomposition in sensornets. We present power-aware and load balanced techniques for LU decomposition of the covariance matrices in sensornets alongwith their analytical and power consumption analyses.
Middle Fringe Zone

Norway’s Middle Fringe Zone is in two segments. The first is a southern inland section, between the two parts of the IFZ, and the second is in the middle of the western Norwegian coast. The first begins sharply between Stavanger and Kristiansand and extends northeastward about 563 km. (350 mi.) and averages about 200 km. (125 mi.) in width but is interrupted in three places; the second section starts at Trondheim Fjord and extends along the coast, including the Lofoten and Vesteralen Islands, for about 805 km. (500 mi.) as a strip about 120 km. (75 mi.) wide (Fig. 1).
Towards an effective low-cost virtual reality display system for education

This paper describes the results of two studies designed to assess the effects of stereo views and multiple display screens (providing a wide field-of-view) on a user's ability to search for target objects in a virtual world. Taken together, the results of the studies show that while subjects believe the side screens to be helpful, neither the number of display screens nor stereoscopic views plays a significant role in a subject's ability to search an unknown virtual world for target objects effectively. Further analysis revealed that subjects with substantial prior first person shooter video game experience were likely to move faster through the virtual world than those who did not, and subjects generally moved faster during the second visit to the world in all conditions. The results of this study demonstrate that it may be possible to construct an effective virtual reality display environment using only a single large projection screen, lowering the cost and allowing a larger number of academic institutions to afford to construct such a system.
Newcomers to Ancestral Lands: Immigrant Pathways in Anchorage, Alaska

Anchorage, Alaska embodies the demographic dynamism that is transforming the circumpolar region. The city sits on the traditional homelands of the Dena’ina Athabascan people and is increasingly a destination for immigrants and refugees, adding new dimensions to its rich cultural traditions. This chapter focuses on changing foreign-born populations, documenting the growth and origins of newcomers to Anchorage. This growth generates a community-wide opportunity, and evidence suggests that immigrant inclusion benefits the city’s economic and environmental resilience. But barriers to participation in the city’s economic and civic life continue to exist. This case study describes the Municipality’s “welcoming” program designed to dismantle those barriers and promote economic and civic inclusion as essential ingredients to community well-being and resilience.
T Cell Receptor–Dependent Activation of mTOR Signaling in T Cells Is Mediated by Carma1 and MALT1, But Not Bcl10

Signaling to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates diverse cellular processes, including protein translation, cellular proliferation, metabolism, and autophagy. Most models place Akt upstream of the mTOR complex, mTORC1; however, in T cells, Akt may not be necessary for mTORC1 activation. We found that the adaptor protein Carma1 [caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing membrane-associated protein 1] and at least one of its associated proteins, the paracaspase MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1), were required for optimal activation of mTOR in T cells in response to stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and the co-receptor CD28. However, Bcl10, which binds to Carma1 and MALT1 to form a complex that mediates signals from the TCR to the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), was not required. The catalytic activity of MALT1 was required for the proliferation of stimulated CD4+ T cells, but not for early TCR-dependent activation events. Consistent with an effect on mTOR, MALT1 activity was required for the increased metabolic flux in activated CD4+ T cells. Together, our data suggest that Carma1 and MALT1 play previously unappreciated roles in the activation of mTOR signaling in T cells after engagement of the TCR.
Hidradenitis suppurativa associated with sorafenib initiation

Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma. Adverse cutaneous reactions are a very common side effect of the medication. We report the development of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in a patient after initiation of treatment with sorafenib. HS is marked by recurrent deep painful nodules, fluctuant abscesses, and draining sinus tracts most frequently occurring in the groin and axilla. To our knowledge, sorafenib-induced HS in the axillary and inguinal skin folds has not been previously reported.
Efficacy of predators attacking Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs on grain sorghum in the field.

Exclusion and insecticidal disruption studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of predators of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), eggs on grain sorghum panicles in southwest and northea...
Adverse events following adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine, live, oral in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), United States, October 2011-July 2018.

Abstract Background In March 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration licensed adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine, live, oral (Barr Labs, Inc.) (adenovirus vaccine) for use in military personnel 17 through 50 years of age. The vaccine was first universally administered to U.S. military recruits in October 2011. We investigated adverse event (AE) reports following the adenovirus vaccine submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Methods We searched the VAERS database for U.S. reports among persons who received adenovirus vaccine during October 2011 through July 2018 including participants in a military observational study. We reviewed all serious reports and accompanying medical records. We compared the proportion of serious reports in a proxy military recruit population and reviewed all reports of suspected allergic reactions following adenovirus vaccination. Results During the analytic period, VAERS received 100 reports following adenovirus vaccination; 39 (39%) were classified as serious and of these, 17 (44%) were from the observational study. One death was reported. Males accounted for 72% of reports. Median age of vaccinees was 19 years (range 17–32). The most frequently reported serious AEs were Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) (n = 12) and anaphylaxis (n = 8); of these, two GBS and all the anaphylaxis reports were reported in the observational study. Reports documented concurrent receipt of multiple other vaccines (95%) and penicillin G (IM Pen G) or other antibiotics (50%). Conclusions The reporting rate for serious AEs was higher than with other vaccines administered in the comparison military recruit population (39% vs 18%); however, we identified no unexpected or concerning pattern of adenovirus vaccine AEs. Co-administration of vaccines and IM Pen G was commonly reported in this military population. These exposures may have contributed to the GBS and anaphylaxis outcomes observed with the adenovirus vaccine. Future adenovirus vaccine safety studies in a population without these co-administrations would be helpful in clarifying the vaccine’s safety profile.
The formation of research ethics for data sharing by biological scientists: an empirical analysis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how biological scientists form research ethics for data sharing, and what the major factors affecting biological scientists’ formation of research ethics for data sharing are.,A research model for data sharing was developed based on the consequential theorists’ perspective of ethics. An online survey of 577 participants was administered, and the proposed research model was validated with a structural equation modeling technique.,The results show that egoism factors (perceived reputation, perceived risk, perceived effort), utilitarianism factors (perceived community benefit and perceived reciprocity) and norm of practice factors (perceived pressure by funding agency, perceived pressure by journal and norm of data sharing) all contribute to the formation of research ethics for data sharing.,This research employed the consequentialist perspective of ethics for its research model development, and the proposed research model nicely explained how egoism, utilitarianism and norm of practice factors influence biological scientists’ research ethics for data sharing, which eventually leads to their data sharing intentions.,This research provides important practical implications for examining scientists’ data sharing behaviors from the perspective of research ethics. This research suggests that scientists’ data sharing behaviors can be better facilitated by emphasizing their egoism, utilitarianism and normative factors involved in research ethics for data sharing.,The ethical perspectives in data sharing research has been under-studied; this research sheds light on biological scientists’ formation of research ethics for data sharing, which can be applied in promoting scientists’ data sharing behaviors across different disciplines.
Pan-transcriptomics and its applications

Abstract The comparative genomic studies carried out on microbial genomes in the early 2000s revealed that using a reference genome from a single organism is not as reliable as it was thought to be and that there exists considerable variation in the intraspecie genomes. This marked the introduction of a new study area in genomics, which was termed pan-genomics, which divided the genome of the specie into three parts, core genome, dispensable genome, and unique genes. This study area primarily focused on microbial genomes but researchers tried to carry out studies on complex eukaryotic genomes, especially of plants and humans. Diversity between the species and in a single specie due to structural variation lead to a conclusion that the current reference genome and transcriptome is incomplete to represent the total gene repertoire and gene readouts of the species; so, building a pan-transcriptome is necessary for studying and analyzing complex genomes and variation between species. Moreover, pan-regulon analysis is also an effective approach in generating pan-transcriptomic data as it will help in understanding the similarities and differences between genomes and to see whether the observed expression of genes is because of the presence or absence of a gene or because of the polymorphism in regulons. Very few studies have been conducted on pan-transcriptome and pan-regulon analysis till now. Here, we discuss the importance of the pan-transcriptome, software tools such as WoPPER, JCoast, Trimmomatic along with some others that are used to build and interpret pan-transcriptomic data and pan-transcriptomic analysis of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Potential future advances and strategies and open difficulties from the vantage purpose of the previously mentioned biological discipline have also been reviewed in this chapter.
Does the Environmentally Friendliness of a Service Invite Customer Loyalty? The Role of Positive Emotions: An Abstract

This research evaluates consumers’ responses to the environmental friendliness of service organizations. It expands on the emerging literature connecting environmentally safe practices to customer loyalty (Chen 2013; Hur et al. 2013; Kwon et al. 2016; Koller et al. 2011). More specifically, this research investigates the mediating effects of positive emotions on the relationship between environmental friendliness and service loyalty. The positive emotions investigated include level of inspiration provided by the service, feelings of belonging instilled by the service, and the moral identity of a consumer. Repurchase intentions and word of mouth are investigated as the two primary behavioral manifestations of loyalty. The relationships are evaluated for three service industries.
Signaling Through the Erythropoietin Receptor Affects Angiogenesis in Retinovascular Disease

Purpose Exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) is being considered for tissue protection and angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases. However, studies are limited by insufficient tools to address signaling effects through the EPO receptor (EPOR). We used a humanized mouse model of hypoactive EPOR signaling to test the hypothesis that EPOR signaling supports angiogenesis in retinovascular diseases. Methods Humanized Knockin EPOR mice (hWtEPOR) with hypoactive EPOR signaling were compared to littermate wild-type mice (WT). Postnatal day (p)7 mice of each genotype were exposed to 75% oxygen for five days, followed by 21% oxygen in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model (OIR) and compared to room-air (RA)-raised pups. At time points after OIR, pups were sacrificed, and flat-mounted, lectin-stained retinas were analyzed for central avascular area or intravitreal neovascular area (IVNV). Flash-frozen retinas were analyzed for angiogenic protein (Epo, VEGF, p-Stat3) and gene (Vegfa, Kdr, Epo, Hif1α, Hif2α) expression levels. Results In OIR, hWtEPOR mice had increased AVA compared with WT at p8, p12, and p17, but there was no difference in IVNV between hWtEPOR and WT mice at p17. Although VEGF and p-STAT3 proteins were increased in WT at p17 OIR, there were no differences in retinal angiogenic factor expression levels between hWtEPOR and WT OIR at p17 despite similar areas of IVNV. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that EPOR signaling was associated with regrowth of vascularization following oxygen-induced capillary dropout and played a role in intravitreal angiogenesis. Additional study of EPOR signaling regulation on other angiogenic factor pathways may be considered.
Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a deep-water gas hydrate reservoir in the northern Gulf of Mexico

We interpret the sedimentologic evolution of a deep-water channel-levee deposit in Green Canyon Block 955 (deep-water Gulf of Mexico) by analyzing hydrate-bearing pressure cores and nonpressure cores collected during The University of Texas-Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition that preserve remarkable sedimentary structures. The levee is composed of alternating beds of sandy silt and clayey silt that range from millimeters to meters in thickness. We interpret that each couplet of sandy silt and clayey silt records a single turbidity current flow in which the upper part of the flow overtops the levee and is deposited along its flank. The sandy silt is coarser, its beds are thicker, and the fraction of sandy silt to clayey silt (net-to-gross) is greater near the base of the levee. We interpret that as the levee grew, the channel depth increased and a smaller fraction of the flow overtopped the levee. An increase in net-to-gross, both at the base and near the top of the cored section, may record an increase in the size of turbidity current flows or a decrease in the relative height of the levee. Based on the limited core recovery, we infer that the lithology of the bounding unit immediately above the hydrate-bearing unit is thinner bedded and has lower net-to-gross than the hydrate reservoir. The bounding unit below the hydrate-bearing interval is similarly thinner bedded, yet contains high saturations of hydrate. This study illuminates the lithologic architecture of leveed-channel turbidite reservoirs at core scale and provides insight into how lithology controls hydrate distribution and concentration.
What Type of School Leadership Makes Teachers Want to Stay

The purpose of this study is to identify different types of school leadership as perceived by teachers and to test the extent that these types predict teacher retention. School leadership varies by...
Photonic Quantum Programmable Gate Arrays

We describe a photonic integrated circuit architecture which can be reprogrammed to prepare any quantum state or operator, in principle deterministically. Gradient-based circuit optimization can automatically implement highly compact approximate quan-tum circuits with near-unity fidelity.
The potential contribution of oyster management to water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Excess nutrients have led to eutrophication of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. It has been suggested that oyster restoration can play an important role in achieving water quality goals in the Bay. An optimal control bioeconomic model is applied to the management of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, taking into account nutrient removal by the oysters. Optimal management of oyster harvests in the Bay reduces the cost of attaining water quality goals by 4–6% relative to an open access fishery. A “naive” management optimization that maximizes discounted net revenues from oyster harvests but that does not take into account their nitrogen impacts performs almost as well as the fully optimal solution. Sensitivity analyses show that the optimal oyster harvest depends on the cost of reducing nitrogen loadings from point and nonpoint sources through best management practices. Further, denitrification by living oysters is a much more important process than nutrient removal through harvest.
Mitigating disruption in production networks through dynamic scheduling enabled by integrated enterprise data

The coronavirus disease pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions for manufacturers and supply chains To respond to these disruptions and potential future disturbances, manufacturers need to be resilient and adapt their production systems to fluctuating production demands Sudden and large-scale changes in production needs may be best addressed quickly by leveraging multiple smaller existing work units with diverse capabilities and capacities These facilities frequently produce enormous amounts of data of varying types from various sources and software systems Manufacturers can more effectively respond to disruptions by deploying dynamic decision-making tools, such as scheduling, that leverage this heterogeneous data There are many outstanding challenges to quickly and correctly integrating and curating heterogeneous data sources and extracting knowledge from the resulting data sets This note lays out the challenge, identifies common use cases that can serve as test cases, and describes qualities of good solutions to this problem Copyright © 2020 by ASTM International
THE DISCOVERY OF VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED H 2 IN THE MOLECULAR CLOUD NEAR GRB 080607

GRB 080607 has provided the first observational signatures of molecular absorption bands toward any galaxy hosting a gamma-ray burst (GRB). Despite the identification of dozens of features as belonging to various atomic and molecular (H2 and CO) carriers, many more absorption features remained unidentified. Here, we report on a search among these features for absorption from vibrationally excited H2, a species that was predicted to be produced by the UV flash of a GRB impinging on a molecular cloud. Following a detailed comparison between our spectroscopy and static, as well as dynamic, models of H2* absorption, we conclude that a column density of 1017.5±0.2 cm-2 of H 2* was produced along the line of sight toward GRB 080607. Depending on the assumed amount of dust extinction between the molecular cloud and the GRB, the model distance between the two is found to be in the range 230-940 pc. Such a range is consistent with a conservative lower limit of 100 pc estimated from the presence of Mg I in the same data. These distances show that substantial molecular material is found within hundreds of pc from GRB 080607, part of the distribution of clouds within the GRB host galaxy. © 2009. The American Astronomical Society.
Late-Holocene seasonal moisture variability: Range Creek Canyon, Utah, USA

A 3300 year-long reconstruction of paleoenvironmental moisture conditions was constructed from a sediment core from North Gate Bog (NGB) in the northern section of Range Creek Canyon within the Col...
Machine-learning shaping of complex gratings optimized for thermophotovoltaics and VCSEL reflectors

Periodic gratings with complex shapes are designed by machine learning as emitters for a thermophotovoltaic system with a GaSb photovoltaic absorber operating at 1000K in order to maximize thermophotovoltaic efficiency. We also demonstrate complex-shaped GaN grating VCSEL mirrors designed by machine learning for high reflectivity and a wide stopband with center wavelength of 500nm. The results obtained indicate a 50% increase in stopbandwidth for the complex-shaped grating over that of a rectangular grating.
The Bailey Lattice

The Rogers-Ramanujan identities [5; ch. 7] are given analytically by the following formulae: (| q |<1) 1+∑ q n 2 /(1- q )(1- q 2 )...(1- q n ) (1.1) =∑1/(1- q 5 n +1 )(1- q 5 n +2 ) 2 1+∑ q n 2+ n /(1- q )(1- q 2 )...(1- q n ) (1.2) =∑1/(1- q 5 n +2 )(1- q 5 n +3 ) These are equivalent respectively to the following combinatorial identities: The number of partitions of n into parts with difference at least 2 equals the number of partitions of n into parts congruent to ±1, modulo 5.
Model-Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Wireless Scheduling

Recently Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based techniques have been applied to scheduling algorithms at wireless Base Stations (BS) with promising results. The Deep Neural Networks (DNN) used in the DRL approaches have a fixed size input, and this poses a problem in real usage scenarios where the system state that includes number of users can be variable. In this paper we address this important problem by proposing a model-assisted DRL approach, which combines a model based solution with DRL based scheduling and can address both the variable input size and the DNN complexity issues. We show that this approach can achieve performance comparable to a DRL algorithm where a larger DNN trained for the worst-case scenario of the maximum number of users in the system. From a practical perspective our approach of using a model-assisted DRL has the following advantages: 1) There is no strict upper bound on the maximum number of users that can be supported by the system as opposed to the case when we train for the worst case number of users, 2) Training is faster and more energy efficient, and 3) leads to low-complex DNNs achieve comparable performance.
Bar-driven leading spiral arms in a counter-rotating dark matter halo

An overwhelming majority of galactic spiral arms trail with respect to the rotation of the galaxy, though a small sample of leading spiral arms has been observed. The formation of these leading spirals is not well understood. Here we show, using collisionless $N$-body simulations, that a barred disc galaxy in a retrograde dark matter halo can produce long-lived ($\sim3$ Gyr) leading spiral arms. Due to the strong resonant coupling of the disc to the halo, the bar slows rapidly and spiral perturbations are forced ahead of the bar. We predict that such a system, if observed, will also host a dark matter wake oriented perpendicular to the stellar bar. More generally, we propose that any mechanism that rapidly decelerates the stellar bar will allow leading spiral arms to flourish.
Organic Corn Cultivar Performance

Organic seed is non-transgenic cultivars produced organically. Organic corn producers select cultivars based on a variety of factors, including strong early growth and vigor, competitiveness to weed pressure, insect and disease tolerance, high protein grain composition, and yield and grain moisture. These selection criteria are important to organic producers, and may not be as important for conventional producers. Organic producers often plant organic cultivars later to allow for more pre-plant tillage (to help control early-season weed pressure) and to ensure rapid emergence of seed that is untreated against insects and diseases. Limited research has been conducted to date on cultivars best-suited for organic production in Iowa. Research was initiated across the state in 2007 and will continue in 2008 across multiple locations to negate the environmental variations that exist year to year, allowing identification of top-performing hybrids.
Open source software and computer science education

We investigate the role of open source software in computer science education. We begin with a brief tutorial on open source software including a description of four popular open source licenses. Next we discuss the use of open source software in education. Finally, we focus on the use of open source software in computer science education.
Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora

Over the past decade, genetic and molecular analysis of the circadian system of Neurospora has uncovered a number of paradigms now seen to be universal in the operation of circadian rhythms. Keywords: biological clock; frequency; white collar
Role of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin E receptors in bronchial asthma

The molecular and cellular events involved in the immediate hypersensitivity response, illustrated in Fig. 1, have received increasing attention in recent yeass. l* 2 Not only is this response the basis for allergic diseases but also it provides a relatively simple model for immunologic activation of specific cells, which may be applicable to other cellular reactions in immunology. In the present discussion we will focus on two of the specific components involved in immediate hypersensitivity, IgE and the receptor to which IgE becomes bound. We will review evidence that receptor btiging, brought about in allergic patients by antigens, initiates the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils. From this perspective we will consider aspects of the causes of asthma.
Modeling and encoding clinical causal relationships in a medical knowledge base

This paper presents a method for the computer modeling and encoding of clinical causal relationships (CR's). This method draws on the theory of multivariate linear models and path analysis. The representation was used to encode medical CR's derived empirically from a clinical database by the RX computer project described in SCAMC82. The emphasis in the representation is on capturing the intensities of effects and the variation in the effects across a patient population. This information is used by RX in determining the validity of other CR's. The representation uses a directed graph formalism in which the nodes are frames and the arcs contain seven descriptive features of individual CR's: intensity, distribution, direction, mathematical form, setting, validity, and evidence. Because natural systems (such as the human body) are inherently probabilistic, linear models are useful in representing causal flow in them.
Diff-EDF: a simple mechanism for differentiated EDF service

Many existing and emerging network applications such as voice-over-IP, videoconferencing and online gaming have end-to-end timing requirements. Despite the real-time demands of these applications, they are usually deployed on best-effort networks such as the Internet. This results in unpredictable and often unsatisfactory performance. In this paper we propose a simple and novel task (or packet) scheduling algorithm Diff-EDF (differentiated earliest deadline first) which can meet the real-time needs of these applications while continuing to provide best effort service to nonreal time traffic. In our system we consider each flow as having stochastic traffic characteristics, a stochastic deadline and a maximum allowable miss rate. The Diff-EDF service meets the flow miss rate requirements through the combination of an admission control test and a scheduling algorithm similar to EDF (earliest deadline first). However, unlike standard EDF scheduling each flow receives a deadline bias based on the flow's miss rate requirement. Applying this bias allows the miss rate to be controlled on a flow-by-flow basis. Both the admission control test and the bias selection algorithms can be computed as a linear function of the flow traffic parameters and the logarithms of the miss rate requirements resulting in an efficient implementation. In this paper, we presented the proposed system structure, protocols, algorithms, analysis and experiments. Experiments with randomly generated and real-life data closely match values predicted by the theory.
Postnatal development of auditory central evoked responses and thalamic cellular properties.

During development, the sense of hearing changes rapidly with age, especially around hearing onset. During this period, auditory structures are highly sensitive to alterations of the acoustic environment, such as hearing loss or background noise. This sensitivity includes auditory temporal processing, which is important for processing complex sounds, and for acquiring reading and language skills. Developmental changes can be observed at multiple levels of brain organization—from behavioral responses to cellular responses, and at every auditory nucleus. Neuronal properties and sound processing change dramatically in auditory cortex neurons after hearing onset. However, development of its primary source, the auditory thalamus, or medial geniculate body (MGB), has not been well studied over this critical time window. Furthermore, to understand how temporal processing develops, it is important to determine the relative maturation of temporal processing not only in the MGB, but also in its inputs. Cellular properties of rat MGB neurons were studied using in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, at ages postnatal day (P) 7–9; P15–17, and P22–32. Auditory evoked potentials were measured in P14–17 and P22–32 rats. MGB action potentials became about five times faster, and the ability to generate spike trains increased with age, particularly at frequencies of 50 Hz and higher. Evoked potential responses, including auditory brainstem responses (ABR), middle latency responses (MLR), and amplitude modulation following responses, showed increased amplitudes with age, and ABRs and MLRs additionally showed decreased latencies with age. Overall, temporal processing at subthalamic nuclei is concurrently maturing with MGB cellular properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 541–555, 2014
State implementation of evidence-based practice for youths, Part I: Responses to the state of the evidence.

Two child and adolescent psychiatry division directors in state medical schools on opposite coasts of the United States are faced with similar opportunities. One has been asked by the state mental health director to co-chair an evidence-bared practice subcommittee, part of a larger effort to improve mental health care for children and adolescents statewide. The other has been approached by a legislator interested in ideas on how to craft legislation that can improve outcomes for youths in the state with serious mental health concerns. Both academics believe that more systematic application of evidence-based practices will contribute to better quality of life for children and their families in their respective states, and each convenes diverse teams to brainstorm options and make recommendations. But once convened, both teams struggle to find examples of best practices for undertaking such an initiative. One member of the first state's evidence-based practice subcommittee asks the co-chair, " Where's the evidence on how to use the evidence?".
A Randomized Trial Using Computerized Decision Support to Improve Treatment of Major Depression in Primary Care

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether feedback and treatment advice for depression presented to primary care physicians (PCPs) via an electronic medical record (EMR) system can potentially improve clinical outcomes and care processes for patients with major depression. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Academically affiliated primary care practice in Pittsburgh, PA. PATIENTS: Two hundred primary care patients with major depression on the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) and who met all protocol-eligibility criteria. INTERVENTION: PCPs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 levels of exposure to EMR feedback of guideline-based treatment advice for depression: “active care” (AC), “passive care” (PC), or “usual care” (UC). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients’ 3- and 6-month Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) score and chart review of PCP reports of depression care in the 6 months following the depression diagnosis. Only 22% of patients recovered from their depressive episode at 6 months (HRS-D ≤7). Patients’ mean HRS-D score decreased regardless of their PCPs’ guideline-exposure condition (20.4 to 14.2 from baseline to 6-month follow-up; P<.001). However, neither continuous (HRS-D ≤7: 22% AC, 23% PC, 22% UC; P=.8) nor categorical measures of recovery (P=.2) differed by EMR exposure condition upon follow-up. Care processes for depression were also similar by PCP assignment despite exposure to repeated reminders of the depression diagnosis and treatment advice (e.g., depression mentioned in ≥3 contacts with usual PCP at 6 months: 31% AC, 31% PC, 18% UC; P=.09 and antidepressant medication suggested/prescribed or baseline regimen modified at 6 months: 59% AC, 57% PC, 52% UC; P=.3). CONCLUSIONS: Screening for major depression, electronically informing PCPs of the diagnosis, and then exposing them to evidence-based treatment recommendations for depression via EMR has little differential impact on patients’ 3- or 6-month clinical outcomes or on process measures consistent with high-quality depression care.
An exploratory study of cardiac health in college athletes.

A common assumption is that college athletes are healthy based on their age and level of physical activity. This study used a descriptive correlational design to explore relationships and predictors of physical fitness levels among an ethnically diverse sample of 135 college athletes from a National College Athletic Association Division II university. Both subjective and objective indices of cardiac health and physical fitness level (blood pressure [BP], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood lipids, glucose, and VO2max) were collected. Minimal research exists with this population or with such an array of subjective and objective measures. More than one fourth of the athletes had a BMI in the overweight range, one fifth was prehypertensive, and one fourth had lower-than-recommended high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Waist circumference accounted for 21% of the variance in systolic BP level. These factors may predispose the college athletes to cardiac risk in the future when exercise regimens are reduced. Gender differences were found in all physical size variables and in physical fitness levels, with physical fitness level alone predicting gender correctly 98.5% of the time. Differences support the need to account for gender and fitness levels in cardiac risk assessment of young populations.