cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Derivatives of closo-B12H122- by the Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of closo-B12H11I2- with Grignard Reagents

The reaction of [N(n-C4H9)4]2[closo-B12H11I], [N(n-Bu)4]2[2], with Grignard reagents, RMgX, in the presence of catalytic amounts of trans-Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 and CuI in either tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane solution produced the corresponding alkylated or arylated polyhedral borane anions, closo-B12H11R2-, in good yield. By this method, we have synthesized [N(n-C4H9)4]2[closo-B12H11CH3], [N(n-Bu)4]2[3]; [N(n-C4H9)4]2[closo-B12H11C6H5], [N(n-Bu)4]2[4]; and Cs2[closo-B12H11(n-C18H37)], Cs2[5]. The structures of Cs2[3] and PPN2[4] have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Crystallographic data are as follows: for Cs2[3], orthorhombic, space group Pmcn, a = 954.6(6) pm, b = 1077.0(7) pm, c = 1396.8(9) pm, Z = 4, R = 0.055; for PPN2[4], which cocrystallized with two molecules of DMSO and one molecule of toluene, triclinic, space group P1, a = 1138.4(10) pm, b = 1920.1(17) pm, c = 2143.2(18) pm, α = 93.26(2)°, β = 104.44(2)°, γ = 105.86(2)°, Z = 2, R = 0.076.
Exercise and fat accumulation in the human liver.

Purpose of reviewFat accumulation in the liver is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction. Regular exercise improves many cardiometabolic risks factors; however, its effect on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content remains elusive. This article summarizes available data regarding the effect
The electrochemical insertion of lithium into bleached potassium hexatungstate thin films: A new electrochemical material

Abstract The potential use of K0.3WO3.15 thin films as a lithium-based electrochromic display material has been studied. The chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium in thin films of this material prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation and bleached by oxidation has been measured as a function of lithium concentration using the galvanostatic transient technique. Chemical diffusion coefficients as high as 10−10 cm2/sec at room temperature were obtained in preferentially oriented thin films. No degradation was observed after over 1000 deep cycling constant voltage pulses.
Revamping occupational safety and health training: Integrating andragogical principles for the adult learner

Despite attempts to improve safety performance, the construction industry continues to account for a disproportionate rate of injuries. A large proportion of these injuries occur because workers are unable to recognize and respond to hazards in dynamic and unpredictable environments. Unrecognized hazards expose workers to unanticipated risks and can lead to catastrophic accidents. In order to enhance hazard recognition skills, employers often put new and experienced workers through formal hazard recognition training programs. Unfortunately, current training programs primarily rely on instructor-centric pedagogical approaches, which are insensitive to the adult learning process. In order to ensure effective adult learning, training programs must integrate learner-centric andragogical principles to improve engagement and retention in adult trainees. This paper aims to discuss training program elements that can potentially accelerate the adult learning process while improving safety knowledge retention. To this end, the researchers reviewed relevant literature on the cognitive processes of adult learning, essential components of effectual training programs and developed a reliable framework for the training and transfer of safety knowledge. A case example of successfully using the framework is also presented. The results of the study will provide safety trainers and construction professionals with valuable information on developing effective hazard recognition and receptor training programs, with the goal of improving construction safety performance.
Strain rate-dependent viscohyperelastic constitutive modeling of bovine liver tissue

The mechanical response of most soft tissue is considered to be viscohyperelastic, making the development of accurate constitutive models a challenging task. In this article, we present a constitutive model for bovine liver tissue that utilizes a viscous dissipation potential, and use it to model the response of bovine liver tissue at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 0.04 s−1. On the material modeling front of this study, the free energy is assumed to depend on the right Cauchy–Green deformation tensor, whereas a separate rate-dependent viscous potential is posited to characterize viscoelasticity. This viscous dissipation component is a function of the time rate of change of the right Cauchy–Green deformation tensor. On the experimental front, no-slip uniaxial compression experiments are conducted on bovine liver tissue at various strain rates. A numerical correction approach is used to account for the no-slip edge conditions, and the constitutive model is fit to the resulting corrected stress–strain data. The complete derivation of the material model, its implementation in the finite element software package ABAQUS, and a validation study are presented in this article. The results show that bovine liver tissue exhibits a strong strain-rate dependence even at the low strain rates considered here and that the proposed constitutive model is able to accurately describe this response.
Review of Linear Accelerators for Heavy Ions

During the past 5 years there has been a considerable increased interest in ions heavier than were available from existing accelerators (M ? 40, Argon). The requirements for this new generation of accelerators are: ions of all masses through uranium at maximum energies of 8-10 MeV/A with completely variable energies above 2 MeV/A and with energy resolution better than l/2%. Intensities of up to 1012 ions per second are required. There are presently three heavy ion accelerators in various stages of planning, design and construction, all of which use linear accelerators as a portion of the system. These are the Unilac at Darmstadt, the Helac at Heidelberg, and the SuperHilac in Berkeley. A brief discussion of these proposed accelerators is presented as well as the present status of these projects.
The generalized Weierstrass system inducing surfaces of constant and nonconstant mean curvature in Euclidean three space

The generalized Weierstrass (GW) system is introduced and its correspondence with the associated two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model is reviewed. The method of symmetry reduction is systematically applied to derive several classes of invariant solutions for the GW system. The solutions can be used to induce constant mean curvature surfaces in Euclidean three space. Some properties of the system for the case of nonconstant mean curvature are introduced as well.
How Prevalent Is Wishful Thinking? Misattribution of Arousal Causes Optimism and Pessimism in Subjective Probabilities

People appear to be unrealistically optimistic about their future prospects, as reflected by theory and research in the fields of psychology, organizational behavior, behavioral economics, and behavioral finance. Many real-world examples (e.g., consumer behavior during economic recessions), however, suggest that people are not always overly optimistic. I suggest that people can be both overly optimistic and pessimistic in their beliefs about future events, depending on whether they focus on success or on failure. More specifically, people judge the likelihood of desirable and undesirable events to be higher than similar neutral events because they misattribute the arousal those events evoke to their greater perceived likelihood. I demonstrated this stake-likelihood effect in 4 studies. In Study 1, arousal was shown to increase likelihood judgments. Study 2 demonstrated that such elevated likelihood judgments are due to misattribution of the arousal from having a stake in the outcome. Study 3 demonstrated that such misattribution of arousal occurs for desirable and undesirable events. Study 4 showed the effects of optimism and pessimism on likelihood judgments in a field setting with soccer fans. Together, the findings suggest that wishful thinking might be less prevalent than previously believed. Pessimism might be as likely as optimism in subjective probabilities.
Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammatory mediator production by murine microglia

Lyme disease has been associated with damaging inflammation within the central nervous system. In the present study, we demonstrate that Borrelia burgdorferi is a significant stimulus for the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 by microglia. This effect is associated with induction of NF-κB, and increased expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and CD14, receptors known to underlie spirochete activation of other immune cell types. These studies identify microglia as a previously unappreciated source of inflammatory mediator production following challenge with B. burgdorferi. Such production may play an important role during the development of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Automatic thermal cycling apparatus

Abstract Stability under a large number of thermal cycles between 300°K and 4.2°K is an essential requirement for Josephson and other superconductive thin film devices. An apparatus is described here using the exchange gas principle to subject such devices to repeated thermal cycles automatically. Through a careful design, liquid helium loss per cycle is kept to a very minimum of 0.6 litres without samples and 1.5 litres with a load of 10, 1″ diameter 20 mls thick, silicon wafers. Samples can be cycled between any two temperatures in the range of 300°K and 4.5°K by simple front panel settings. The cooling and warming rates are adjustable over a wide range. Built in safety features, an important consideration, allow the system to be operated continuously unattended, except for the refilling of the dewar, over a period of days and weeks.
Rethinking Renaissance Averroism

Petrarch’s characterization of Averroists as atheists who foam at the mouth with rage at the mention of scripture is a memorable depiction, despite being obvious hyperbole. 1 Nevertheless, this car...
Teacher Instructional Practices and Language Minority Students: A Longitudinal Model

The author examined the long-term effects of teacher instructional grouping practices on the early mathematical achievement of language minority students from various ethnic groups. The study used 3 longitudinal models. In the 1st model, English language learners (ELLs) displayed lower math performance than did English-only students in the Hispanic and Asian groups. The 2nd model confirmed the significance of social class across all groups. The 3rd model focused on 4 grouping practices: (a) teacher-directed wholeclass activity, (b) teacher-directed small-group activity, (c) teacher-directed individual activity, and (d) student-selected activity. Significant findings include that (a) Hispanic ELL students displayed low math performance in teacher-directed whole-class activities, (b) Asian ELL students showed low math performance in teacher-directed small-group activities, and (c) Hispanic dual-language students benefited from teacher-directed individual activities.
Metabolism of glycolic acid in lactating and nonlactating goats and in a calf.

Abstract Several characteristics of glycolic acid metabolism were measured in lactating and nonlactating goats by a primer dose plus 3-hour constant infusion technique. The average turnover rate of glycolic acid was 1.7g per hour, and no lactation effect was observed. The turnover time averaged 9.5 minutes with a half-life of 6.6 minutes. Administered 14 C-glycolic acid was rapidly oxidized to 14 CO 2 with 44% appearing in CO 2 by 5 hours. About 1% of total expired CO 2 was derived from glycolic acid. Some glycolic acid was incorporated into milk components. After 5 hours, .41% of the infused 14 C-glycolic acid was incorporated into casein, .08% into fat, and about 2% into lactose. During an identical period, 14 C-glucose was incorporated into casein, fat and lactose at .4%, .5% and 32% of the administered dose. Glycolic acid was detected also in rabbit, swine, and horse blood. Turnover rates of glycolic acid in a calf were similar to those in the goats, and after phlorizin treatment about the same amount of radioactivity was in urine glucose as was in milk lactose from the lactating goats. The rate of oxidation to CO 2 was somewhat slower. Only a trace of radioactive glycolic acid was excreted in the urine.
Mixed convection in horizontal duct flow with transverse magnetic field and heating of side wall

Computational study of mixed convection in a horizontal duct with very strong (Hartmann numbers Ha up to 800) horizontal transverse magnetic field and electrically insulated walls is conducted. Strong constant-rate heating (Grashof numbers Gr up to 109) is applied to one vertical wall, while the other walls are thermally insulated. It is found that in a wide range of Ha and Gr the flow is two-dimensional (uniform in the streamwise direction) and steady-state. No instability to convection rolls aligned with the magnetic field detected recently in a similar duct and pipe with bottom heating is observed. The velocity field is a combination of convection-modified streamwise flow and convection-induced circulation in the transverse plane. The circulation has strong jets near the heated and horizontal walls as prominent features. It is demonstrated that, at a constant Reynolds number, integral characteristics and spatial structure of the flow can be approximately considered as determined by Gr/Ha 2 as a single parameter. We also present results of a systematic comparison study of several commonly used grid clustering schemes in their application to wall-bounded flows with strong magnetic fields.
REAL-TIME 3D MODEL RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERACTION USING KINECT FOR A GAME-BASED VIRTUAL LABORATORY

Over the last few years, academic institutions have started to explore the potential of using computer game engines for developing virtual laboratory environments. Recent studies have shown that developing a realistic visualization of a physical laboratory space poses a number of challenges. A significant number of modifications are required for adding customized interactions that are not built into the game engine itself. For example, a major challenge in creating a realistic virtual environment using a computer game engine is the process of preparing and converting custom models for integration into the environment, which is too complicated to be performed by untrained users. This paper describes the usage of the Microsoft Kinect for rapidly creating a 3D model of an object for implementation in a virtual environment by retrieving the object’s depth and RGB information. A laboratory experiment was selected to demonstrate how real experimental components are reconstructed and embedded into a game-based virtual laboratory by using the Kinect. The users are then able to interact with the experimental components. This paper presents both the technical details of the implementation and some initial results of the system validation.
Rectal diazepam gel for treatment of acute repetitive seizures

The purpose of these investigations was to determine from combined data the response to rectal diazepam (DZP) gel (Diastat [Athena Neurosciences, South San Francisco, CA]) in home treatment of children with episodes of acute repetitive seizures (ARS). A subset of patients aged 2-17 years were selected from two prospective placebo-controlled studies of children and adults. In both studies a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. The treatment groups (68 DZP; 65 placebo) did not differ significantly in age, race, seizure type or etiology, or in the median number of ARS episodes per month before study entry. DZP-treated children demonstrated a significant reduction in median seizure frequency compared with the placebo group (0.00 vs 0.25 seizures per hour, P = 0.001). Significantly more DZP-treated children remained seizure free during the observation period (40 vs 20, P = 0.001). Somnolence was the only adverse effect present significantly more often in the DZP-treated children (25.0% vs 7.7%, P = 0.0095). There were no instances of serious respiratory depression. Rectal DZP was demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment to abort an episode of ARS in a child and, additionally, lessened the likelihood of seizure recurrence within the next 12 hours.
Genome-wide association study for subclinical atherosclerosis in major arterial territories in the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study

Subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) measures in multiple arterial beds are heritable phenotypes that are associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA measurements in the community-based Framingham Heart Study. Over 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped (Human 100K GeneChip, Affymetrix) in 1345 subjects from 310 families. We calculated sex-specific age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted residuals in subjects tested for quantitative SCA phenotypes, including ankle-brachial index, coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification using multi-detector computed tomography, and carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) using carotid ultrasonography. We evaluated associations of these phenotypes with 70,987 autosomal SNPs with minor allele frequency ≥ 0.10, call rate ≥ 80%, and Hardy-Weinberg p-value ≥ 0.001 in samples ranging from 673 to 984 subjects, using linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology and family-based association testing (FBAT). Variance components LOD scores were also calculated. There was no association result meeting criteria for genome-wide significance, but our methods identified 11 SNPs with p < 10-5 by GEE and five SNPs with p < 10-5 by FBAT for multivariable-adjusted phenotypes. Among the associated variants were SNPs in or near genes that may be considered candidates for further study, such as rs1376877 (GEE p < 0.000001, located in ABI2) for maximum internal carotid artery IMT and rs4814615 (FBAT p = 0.000003, located in PCSK2) for maximum common carotid artery IMT. Modest significant associations were noted with various SCA phenotypes for variants in previously reported atherosclerosis candidate genes, including NOS3 and ESR1. Associations were also noted of a region on chromosome 9p21 with CAC phenotypes that confirm associations with coronary heart disease and CAC in two recently reported genome-wide association studies. In linkage analyses, several regions of genome-wide linkage were noted, confirming previously reported linkage of internal carotid artery IMT on chromosome 12. All GEE, FBAT and linkage results are provided as an open-access results resource at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 . The results from this GWAS generate hypotheses regarding several SNPs that may be associated with SCA phenotypes in multiple arterial beds. Given the number of tests conducted, subsequent independent replication in a staged approach is essential to identify genetic variants that may be implicated in atherosclerosis.
Experimental results from copropagating analog channels of same wavelength over 600-meter-long standard step index multimode fiber

Spatial domain multiplexing is a new dimension in fiber optic multiplexing with the potential to greatly increase the data-carrying capacity of optical fiber communication systems. Spatially multiplexed channels follow helical paths inside the fiber and do not interfere with each other as optical energy from individual channels is distributed in the radial direction at different distances from the origin of the fiber. The resultant output appears as concentric circles when projected on a screen. The experimental setup and results for two spatially modulated analog channels of the same wavelength over approximately 600 m of standard 62.5/125-µm multimode fiber, using 635-nm pigtail laser sources and 30-MHz sinusoidal modulation, are reported here.
Is there a near-Earth neutral line?

Abstract High correlations between southward turnings of the IMF, increases of open flux in the tail lobes, and magnetic activity confirm dayside magnetic reconnection plays a fundamental role in magnetospheric substorms. The absence of a time delay between expansion phase onset and the decrease in tail lobe flux suggest that nightside reconnection is involved in the expansion. At 20–30 R e , the disappearance of the center of the plasma sheet and the appearance of tailward flows threaded with southward fields strongly suggest reconnection occurs earthward of this distance. Recent AMPTE/CCE and DMSP observations suggest that current disruption begins near synchronous orbit on closed field lines and expands tailward. Auroral images from the VIKING spacecraft support this. Reports of a lack of correlation between plasma and field changes at the ISEE spacecraft and onsets has led some researchers to reject the hypothesis that reconnection is the cause of the expansion. To counter these reports we present magnetic field and plasma data from substorms observed on an outbound pass by ISEE-2. We show that the tail field responds in the manner predicted by the near-earth neutral line (NENL) model, growing in strength and tilting earthward in the growth phase, and decreasing and tilting upward in the expansion phase. Near the earth the plasma sheet gradually thins in the growth phase while further away it suddenly thins at expansion onset. In the expansion phase the plasma sheet rapidly recovers close to the earth, but its recovery is delayed until the substorm recovery phase further from the earth. We explain many of the recent reports of disagreement between the NENL model and observations by a combination of factors. These include: Large changes in the location of a spacecraft relative to the neutral sheet as the size of the magnetosphere changes with dynamic pressure, or as the central meridian and latitude of substorm onset change due to inherent variability; Differences between the outbound and inbound portions of the ISEE orbit; Change in shape of successive orbits in GSM coordinates. Most important is multiple substorm onsets. Successive intensifications cause quite different effects at a spacecraft as the disturbances moves relative to the spacecraft. We conclude that rather than one x-line, there are probably multiple, localized pairs of x- and o-type lines formed in the near-earth plasma sheet during the substorm expansion.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Kv1.2 Modulates Its Interaction with the Actin-binding Protein Cortactin

Tyrosine phosphorylation evokes functional changes in a variety of ion channels. Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton also affects the function of some channels. Little is known about how these avenues of ion channel regulation may interact. We report that the potassium channel Kv1.2 associates with the actin-binding protein cortactin and that the binding is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses show that Kv1.2 and cortactin co-localize to the cortical actin cytoskeleton at the leading edges of the cell. Binding assays using purified recombinant proteins reveal a 19-amino acid span within the carboxyl terminus of Kv1.2 that is necessary for direct cortactin binding. Phosphorylation of specific tyrosines within the C terminus of Kv1.2 attenuates that binding. In HEK293 cells, activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor evokes tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent suppression of Kv1.2 ionic current. We show that M1 receptor activation also reduces the interaction of cortactin with Kv1.2 and that mutant Kv1.2 channels deficient for cortactin binding exhibit strongly attenuated ionic current. These results demonstrate a dynamic, phosphorylation-dependent interaction between Kv1.2 and the actin cytoskeleton-binding protein cortactin and suggest a role for that interaction in the regulation of Kv1.2 ionic current.
Utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in bone marrow transplant patients

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has been reported to have a high diagnostic yield and to be safe in BMT patients with pulmonary infiltrates. At our institution, BMT patients with respiratory symptoms and/or pulmonary infiltrates had a thoracic CT and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) was considered if the platelet count could be raised to >30 x 10(9)/l. From March 1993 to August 1995, 52 patients had 68 FOBs (42 BAL + TBBx, 26 BAL only) for 60 episodes of clinical pneumonia. Patients' characteristics were: 38 males, mean age 42 years, and 39 allogeneic BMTs. Of the 68 FOBs, 47 were performed to evaluate diffuse infiltrates, 10 were done on mechanically ventilated patients, and 50 of the FOBs were preceded by a platelet transfusion. Thirty-one percent of FOBs (21 FOBs, 19 patients) were diagnostic. Twenty-four percent of FOBs (11 diagnostic FOBs, six nondiagnostic FOBs) changed therapy. Ten complications (15%) occurred in 10 FOBs (five acute respiratory failure, three pneumothoraces, one nose bleed, one death). Hospital and 6-month survival based on episodes of clinical pneumonia were 47 and 32%, respectively. Patients who had a diagnostic FOB or a FOB that changed treatment did not have better hospital or 6-month survival compared to patients who had FOBs that were nondiagnostic or did not change treatment. FOB in our BMT patient population, had a low diagnostic yield (31%), infrequently changed treatment (24%), a significant complication rate (15%) and was not associated with improved patient survival. The role of routine diagnostic FOB in BMT patients with pulmonary infiltrates and/or respiratory symptoms should be reevaluated.
Observations on the suramin-mediated inhibition of cellular and viral DNA polymerases☆

We have examined the sensitivity of various cellular and viral DNA polymerases to Suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, which has been reported to exhibit antireverse transcriptase activity. We find that Suramin is a nonspecific inhibitor of all the viral and cellular DNA polymerases, including terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and that the inhibition is most readily reversed by the addition of serum albumin. The drug appears to bind to all the enzyme proteins with no apparent selectivity. Binding of Suramin to enzyme has been found to result in the loss of both substrate and templateprimer binding abilities of various enzymes, confirming the nonspecific nature of protein-Suramin interaction.
Diffuse optical tomography using multichannel robotic platform for interstitial PDT

In the operating room, time is extremely precious, and the speed of one’s data acquisition system often determines whether the data will be taken or not. Our multichannel robotic platform addresses this issue by optimizing source and detector scanning procedures. Up to 16 fibers can be moved independently with resolution of 0.05 mm and speed of 50 mm/s using motors with position feedback. The initial fiber alignment employs a light beam/optical detector system for identical positioning of all motors. Peak and edge detection algorithms, for point and linear sources, are used with multiple fibers simultaneously for fast realignment of sources and detectors. The robotic platform is used to perform Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) measurements in solid prostate phantoms with both homogenous and inhomogeneous Optical Properties (OP). Correct positioning is critical for the accurate recovery of the OP. The light fluence rate distribution is determined by scanning multiple detector fibers simultaneously along lit linear sources placed throughout the phantom volume inside catheter needles. The scanning time for the entire DOT is about 10 seconds after the initial alignment. The OP distribution reconstruction is based on the steady-state light diffusion equation. The inverse interstitial DOT problem is solved using NIRFAST. The optical properties are recovered by iterative minimization of the difference between measured and calculated light fluence rates. Recovered OP agree with the actual values within 10%. The OP corrections are used to significantly improve light fluence accuracy for the entire volume of bulk tumor.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest in a Patient on Chronic Methadone After the Addition of Azithromycin

Abstract Corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation with increased risk of fatal arrhythmia is a well-established toxicity of methadone. In this study, a case of sudden cardiac arrest in a patient on chronic methadone therapy is presented. A 47-year-old man presented unresponsive to the emergency department after pulseless arrest at his home. The patient’s wife revealed he was taking methadone as part of an ongoing opioid dependency treatment and that he was prescribed azithromycin for an upper respiratory tract infection 3 days before his presentation. A 12-lead electrocardiogram at the time of presentation showed sinus tachycardia and a QTc of 490 milliseconds. It was concluded that the patient experienced a fatal arrhythmia because of QTc prolongation, precipitated by azithromycin in the setting of ongoing methadone use.
H-fields and their Liouville extensions

We introduce H-fields as ordered differential fields of a certain kind. Hardy fields extending \({\mathbb R}\), as well as the field of logarithmic-exponential series over \({\mathbb R}\) are H-fields. We study Liouville extensions in the category of H-fields, as a step towards a model theory of H-fields. The main result is that an H-field has at most two Liouville closures.
Pneumococcal Bacteremia Associated With an Infected Central Venous Catheter

Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) bacteremia is a serious infection. Pneumococcus has never been implicated as a cause of a central venous catheter-related bacteremia. It has been isolated from the catheter tip only twice before, and in one case caused the infection of an infusion port device. We report case of a 41-year-old woman who developed pneumococcal bacteremia after 6 days of an indwelling central venous catheter. The catheter tip grew > 300 cfu of S pneumoniae by the roll-plate method described by Maki and colleagues. No other focus of infection could be found in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumococcal bacteremia associated with an infected central venous catheter.
Impurity tracing of diffusion mechanisms in hillock growth on aluminum films

Hillock growth on aluminum interconnects is a major concern of the microelectronics industry, and there has been dispute on the relative importance of such possible factors in hillock growth as surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and film/surface interface diffusion. Aluminum films were sputter-deposited on silicon substrates in layers, with silver and magnesium introduced as impurities in the top and bottom layers and pure aluminum in-between. The films were then annealed, after which SIMS and Auger electron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the composition of the hillocks and other sites on the film growth surface. The objective was to determine the region in which the material in the hillocks had originated, and thus to deduce the diffusion mechanisms by which it had been transported. Preliminary results suggest that grain boundary diffusion is the principal mass transport mechanism supplying material for hillock growth.
Contrasting Depositional Processes of Sub-Clarksville and Woodbine Reservoir Sandstones: ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The Sub-Clarksville and Woodbine sandstones are newly discovered gas reservoirs in Grimes County. Although the sandstones accumulated in a dominantly shallow marine environment, depositional processes and transport mechanisms were different for each sand body. The Sub-Clarksville represents rapid deposition by storm-generated bottom currents. Sand accumulations are lens-shaped and were restricted to lows by shelf topography. Sedimentary structures grade from laminated to massive sandstone above a sharp basal contact, to churned shaly sandstone at the top overlain by Austin micrite. Mean grain size decreases upward with an average composition of 83 percent quartz, 6 percent rock fragments, 9 percent matrix, and abundant carbonate cement. Quartz content decreases and matrix increases upward. Bedding sequence and textural gradation suggest that sand was eroded from preexisting Woodbine sediments to the east, and transported to the shelf during passage of a major storm. In contrast, Woodbine sandstones represent a prograding deltaic environment. The sandstones are highly quartzose (80-94 percent) and show an increasing grain size upward. The "C" sandstone at Hill field is directly overlain by the Austin and grades from bioturbated mudstone at the base to massive or faintly laminated sandstone near the top. Woodbine sandstones "C" and "D" thicken significantly eastward as an extension of a giant prograding deltaic system to the northeast. Conversely, Woodbine "A" and "B" sandstones were deposited as offshore bars farther west at Kurten (Bell, 1980; Turner and Conger, 1981). Distribution of both the Sub-Clarksville and Woodbine sandstones was affected by deep-seated salt movement at Hill field and the unconformity associated with this local high. Future exploration will depend on a detailed knowledge of the depositional framework in these downdip areas.
The effect of uterine torsion on mare and foal survival : a retrospective study, 1985-2005

Summary Reasons for performing study: Anecdotal speculation suggests that prognosis for survival of mares and foals following correction of uterine torsion has improved over the past 30 years. Objectives: To determine statistically the outcome of uterine torsion according to duration of clinical signs, stage of gestation, parity, physical examination findings, method of correction, prognosis for survival and reproductive health of the mare, and prospects for the foal within the neonatal period. Methods: This retrospective study combined cases from 4 equine referral hospitals. Results: The stage of gestation at which uterine torsion occurred was a risk factor for survival of mare and foal. Overall mare survival was 53/63 (84%); when uterine torsion occurred at <320 days gestation, 36/37 (97%) of mares survived compared to 17/26 (65%) survival rate when uterine torsion occurred at ≥320 days gestation. Overall foal survival was 54% (29/54). When uterine torsion occurred at <320 days gestation, 21/29 (72%) foals survived compared to 8/25 (32%) when uterine torsion occurred at ≥320 days gestation. Thirty mares were discharged from the hospital carrying a viable fetus following uterine torsion correction and 25/30 (83%) of these mares delivered live foals that survived beyond the neonatal period. Conclusions: Prognosis for survival for mares and foals following uterine torsion is good and improves if torsion occurs <320 days compared to ≥320 days gestation. Clinical relevance: Gestational timing of uterine torsion should be considered when advising clients about the prognosis for survival of the mare and foal. The prognosis for a mare delivering a live foal is good if the mare is discharged from the hospital following uterine torsion correction with a viable fetus.
Bottom-up and top-down controls of walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma) on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf

Control of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) recruitment in the Eastern Bering Sea involves complex interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. We used statistical models to test the leading hypotheses linking recruitment variability to biotic and abiotic factors. Consistent with a ‘‘cold-pool hypothesis’’, recruitment of pollock was significantly stronger if winters preceding the larval (age-0) and juvenile stages (age-1) were mild. However, our results did not support the proposed top-down mechanism (cannibalism) underlying this hypothesis. Several empirical relationships support an ‘‘oscillating control hypothesis’’. As predicted by it, the effect of ice conditions on survival during the larval and early juvenile stages was modified by the abundance of adult pollock, implying stronger bottom-up control when adult abundance (hence cannibalism) was low. The proposed bottomup mechanism predicts that the survival of pelagic-feeding walleye pollock (benthic-feeding yellowfin sole), should be higher during years with an early (late) ice retreat, which was confirmed by our analysis. Our results also provide additional evidence for a ‘‘larval transport hypothesis’’, which states that cannibalism of larval and juvenile pollock is reduced in years when strong northward advection separates juveniles from cannibalistic adults. In addition to testing existing hypotheses, we identified new relationships between spawner-to-recruit survival rates of walleye pollock and several indicators of mixed layer dynamics during the spring and summer. Survival rates and recruitment were significantly reduced when larval or early juvenile stages experienced a delay in the (non-ice-associated) spring bloom as a result of stormy spring conditions, suggesting that the timing of the spring bloom is critical to both first-feeding larvae and age-1 juveniles. Furthermore, a dome-shaped relationship between pollock survival and summer wind mixing at the early juvenile stage is consistent with modeling and laboratory studies showing an increase in survival at low to moderate levels of wind mixing, but a decrease in feeding success at high levels of wind mixing. Top-down controls also regulate recruitment of walleye pollock. At least one-third of the variability in spawner-torecruit survival could be accounted for by predation mortality at the early juvenile stage (age-1). Predation of juvenile pollock can be attributed largely to cannibalism, which varies with the abundance of adult pollock and with the availability of juveniles to adult predators. A simple index reflecting the spatial overlap between juvenile and adult pollock explained 30– 50% of the overall variability in recruitment, similar to the variability explained by the best environmental predictors. Although environmental effects are difficult to separate from the effects of predation, we conclude that bottom-up and top-down processes are equally important in controlling the survival of pollock from spawning to recruitment at age 2.
Nonneutral ion plasmas and crystals in Penning traps

Experimental work which uses laser-cooled ions in Penning traps is reviewed. With laser-cooling the ions are strongly coupled and exhibit spatial correlations characteristic of a liquid or crystal. In plasmas with dimensions less than 10–15 interparticle spacings, the observed correlations are strongly affected by the finite size and shape of the trapping potential. Plasmas with greater than 60 interparticle spacings should exhibit correlations characteristic of an infinite one-component plasma. Radiation pressure from a laser is also used to apply a torque to the plasma and change the plasma density. This permits access to all possible thermal equilibria, including the maximum density state where the plasma undergoes Brillouin flow. If the size of the plasma is small compared to the trap dimensions, Penning traps produce plasmas with simple shapes whose normal modes can be calculated exactly. The modes provide a nondestructive diagnostic technique for obtaining information on the plasma density and shape.
Secrecy analysis of unauthenticated amplify-and-forward relaying with antenna selection

We investigate the secrecy outage performance for a cooperative unauthenticated relay network where antenna selection is employed at the multi-antenna relay. Both traditional amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying and a cooperative jamming (CJ) protocol are studied. We characterize the exact secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the AF scheme, and analyze the asymptotic behaviour in terms of SOP for the CJ scheme. Although both the unauthenticated relay and the destination perceive diversity gain from antenna selection, we show that as the number of antennas grows, the SOP approaches one for AF, while it approaches zero for CJ. For a fixed number of antennas, we demonstrate that the CJ scheme is better than AF relaying for high SNR, and its SOP approaches zero when the SNR goes to infinity. The theoretical analysis is also validated via several numerical examples.
Nurse-managed primary care: outcomes of a faculty practice network.

Purpose To describe selected outcomes of nurse-managed primary care in a large faculty practice network (FPN) and to use guidelines proposed by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) to evaluate those outcomes. Data Sources Mission and goals, nursing control, fiscal stability, health care outcomes, and faculty role integration were examined. Conclusions Outcomes show that the FPN directly supports the mission and goals of the East Tennessee State University College of Nursing and is managed by nurse faculty members. The FPN uses earned revenue, grants, and contracts to maintain fiscal stability. Patients are highly satisfied with services, and external and internal audits find the quality of care to be excellent. Students are educated in the centers. Faculty members publish and present research and other scholarly work derived from the FPN. Implications for Practice This model demonstrates that faculty practice can work, can meet the evaluation components of guidelines of a major national organization, and can contribute to the improvement of health for vulnerable populations.
Scaling Limits of Double-Gate and Surround-Gate Z-RAM Cells

We consider the scaling of the capacitorless single-transistor [zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM)] dynamic RAM (DRAM) cells having surround-gate and double-gate structures. We find that the scaling is limited to the channel length of approximately 25 nm for both types of cells, which is somewhat more pessimistic than previously believed. The mechanisms that are found to be of most importance in imposing the scaling limits are as follows: 1) short-channel effects; 2) quantum confinement of carriers in the body; and 3) band-to-band tunneling at the source/drain-to-body junctions. Like other DRAM cells, practical considerations such as the process variations in cell dimensions, random doping fluctuations, and single-event upsets are likely to remain as important scaling concerns for Z-RAM cells.
Changing Electrocardiographic Patterns During Medical Treatment in a Patient With Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Originating From the Pulmonary Artery.

A6-month-old child with clinical signs of heart failure and cardiomegaly on chest radiograph was referred for evaluation. An echocardiogram and angiogram demonstrated an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). After 3 days of intensive medical management including intravenous inotropes and diuretics, significant differences were found in the ECGs on the day of admission (Figure 1⇓) versus before surgery on day 3 after admission (Figure 2⇓ …
Inositol and the toxicity of four isomers of benzenehexachloride for the rat.

SummaryThe toxicities of the α, β, γ, and δ isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane were not affected by inositol in the rat. The convulsive and narcotic effects of the γ and β isomers are discussed in detail.The authors are indebted to Drs. Vicente Moragues and John P. Wyatt of the Department of Pathology of St. Louis University for performing the microscopic examinations.
A method to determine the sensitization probability of a non-robustly testable path

This paper presents a novel approach to determine the sensitization probability of a non-robustly testable path using probability density functions (PDFs). The proposed approach systematically refines a set of patterns that sensitize the path non-robustly which initial set has been derived with existing methods, and is kept implicitly. Accurate measure of the sensitization probability is obtained fast by avoiding Monte-Carlo. It is shown experimentally that the proposed approach is accurate and much faster than Monte-Carlo, and thus can be used to rank a collection of non-robust paths considering their sensitization characteristics.
Twelfth-Century Land Transfers in the Saracen Quarter of Aquinum

After quoting the French refrain of the first version of Orientis Partibus, he describes the rubrics6 in detail. He quotes, for instance, the opening of the rubric 'Postea omnes eant' and translates: 'They all go to the closed doors of the church, and the Canons stand outside, each holding urns full of wine, and glasses; and one of them proclaims the Calends of January. And here,' writes Le Cat, 'is a gap of one sheaf [cahier] in the manuscript. Contrary to Foy de Saint Hilaire who writes sarcastically, "nous y eussions veu de belles choses." "' Le Cat says, probably out of his store of local tradition, this sheaf 'doubtless contained the procession [conduite] of the ass from the Cathedral Church to the Church of Saint Stephen, also the beginning of the Mass.' Le Cat now comes to the second version of Orientis Partibus 'noted in three parts,' and as if to clinch the proof that he is dealing with MS. Edgerton 2615; he says, 'In the two last sheafs [cahiers] of the MS. in which the service of the Ass appears, we find the [liturgical] play of Daniel.' Le Cat concludes his study by stating that these 'representations were no less widespread in the Greek Church than in the Latin,' and he cites 'Balsamon, who died in the days of Philippe de Dreus, Synodum in Trullo, Can. 62,' where Balsamon describes saturnalia in January and March at which clerks 'cincti cum militaribus vestibus in ecclesiae meditulliam egrediuntur, aliquando vero ut monachi progrediuntur, et ut quadrupedia animalia.'2 To sum up: Le Cat's suggestion as to the gap in the Beauvais manuscript seems plausible: that sheaf may well have been taken out by canons accompanying the procession to St Stephen's, and so have been lost; and the alertness and general accuracy shown in the couple of pages just summarized makes it likely that his whole History of the Bishop of Beauvais is a valuable source. It is to be hoped that the present owner may deposit the manuscripts at the Bibliotheque Nationale or some other place where it will be safe and accessible.
The association between functional health literacy and patient-reported recall of medications at outpatient pharmacies.

Abstract Background Published literature on assessing the functional health literacy (FHL) level of patients in pharmacy practice is lacking. Objectives To assess FHL in an outpatient pharmacy setting and the associations between FHL and patient recall of medications. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 79 English-speaking adults recruited from 3 outpatient pharmacies, patients were given the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and asked to recall their medication names, dosages, frequencies, and indications. Patients' responses were compared with pharmacy records (medication name, dosage, frequency) and Facts and Comparisons (indication). Results Of the 79 patients, 27 had inadequate FHL. Correct medication names were recalled less frequently by patients with inadequate FHL compared with patients with adequate FHL (60% vs 84%, P P =.03) and frequencies (62% vs 85%, P Conclusions Inadequate FHL is associated with poor recall of correct medication name, dosage, and administering frequency. Future research to evaluate the effect of pharmacists on improving patients' recall of medication name, dosage, and frequency is warranted.