cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clostridium septicum Aortitis Causing Aortic Dissection in a 22-Year-Old Man

Clostridium septicum infection is a rare cause of aortic dissection, and the mortality rate for the condition is high. Only 26 cases of C. septicum aortitis have been reported; all of those patients were elderly, and 20 of them had an associated colonic neoplasm. Herein, we present the case of a 22-year-old man whose C. septicum aortitis resulted in aortic dissection that involved the entire length of the aorta. Upon autopsy, no neoplasm or other predisposing condition was identified in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st report of C. septicum aortitis, fatal or otherwise, in a young individual.
World War II Comes to Whitworth College

Soden develops the untold story of the impact of World War II on Whitworth College, a small Presbyterian-affiliated institution in Spokane, Washington. Focusing primarily on student newspapers, presidential speeches, and faculty meeting minutes, Soden offers a multidimensional look at how various constituencies responded from the beginning to the end of the war. From the promotion of war bonds, student enlistment, and the establishment of an army flight school, Whitworth supported war efforts. Most notably, Whitworth’s president Frank Warren invited more than 20 Japanese–American students to leave internment camps and enroll at the college. The chapter offers an insightful look at the ways in which a Christian college dealt with the trauma of war.
Economic evaluation of the combination of talimogene laherparepvec (T-vec) plus ipilimumab (T-vec+Ipi) versus ipilimumab (Ipi) in patients (pts) with advanced unresectable melanoma.

e21545Background: A recent trial comparing T-vec+Ipi vs Ipi found no differential benefit in progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.56–1.23), but noted objective response rates (ORR) of ...
A Revolution for Empire: Ideas of Empire and the Making of the Constitution, 1787–8

This article argues that early American political elites had no viable competing model for a successful polity other than an empire. It emphasises that this group’s recognition of the need for power in a competitive Atlantic world, expressed through the institutions of an empire, forced them to reconsider their ideas of what forms a republic could take. The article focuses on the ratification of the Constitution as a key moment when elites from across the United States laid out their competing visions of the polity. It argues that despite differences in preferred forms of government institutions, the overwhelming majority of elites shared a common goal of expressing power across the North American continent, and even beyond. It suggests that the Constitution should be seen as an inherently imperial document, reconciling the ambiguous ideal of a free republic with the inescapable need to utilise power in imperial ways
Why Is Hyperparathyroidism Underdiagnosed and Undertreated in Older Adults

Introduction:Hyperparathyroidism significantly decreases quality of life, yet elderly patients are underdiagnosed and undertreated even though parathyroidectomy offers definitive cure with minimal ...
Q&A: Understanding the composition of behavior

Understanding the brain requires understanding behavior. New machine vision and learning techniques are poised to revolutionize our ability to analyze behaviors exhibited by animals in the laboratory. Here we describe one such method, Motion Sequencing (MoSeq), which combines three-dimensional (3D) imaging with unsupervised machine learning techniques to identify the syllables and grammar that comprise mouse body language. This Q&A situates MoSeq within the array of novel methods currently being developed for behavioral analysis, enumerates its relative strengths and weaknesses, and describes its future trajectory.
Engaged Communication Scholarship for Environmental Justice: A Research Agenda

As a discipline of crisis and care, environmental communication needs to address questions of environmental justice. This article argues that the most appropriate approach to studying environmental...
Expanding the Crystal Chemistry of Actinyl Peroxides: μ-η2:η1 Peroxide Coordination in Trimers of U6+ Polyhedra

Uranyl peroxides have been intensively studied recently because they form topologically complex structures including spherical clusters containing tens of uranyl polyhedra. In all uranyl peroxides ...
Time and Political Power: Setting the Calendar in a Busy Legislature

This paper demonstrates the importance of finite plenary time on the endogenous creation of legislative procedures, leadership positions, and calendar setting. In a busy legislature, finite time constrains the number of issues that can be taken up on the floor. Setting the legislative calendar - the process of choosing which issues will be addressed and which will be set aside - is a challenging collective choice problem for the legislature. I develop a formal model which shows that a majority of the legislature will generally prefer to give the power of setting the calendar to a leader - the “Speaker” - at the start of the legislative session rather than face a calendar-less legislative session where all legislators have equal proposal power. I show that in the case where legislators have one-dimensional preferences, majority supported calendars always exist and that voting over the calendar partitions the legislature into two procedural coalitions. In multi-dimensional settings, majority supported calendars generally exist, but there are cases where no passable calendar exists and the only equilibrium is a calendar-less session. I use computational simulations to support the formal model and demonstrate that the findings are robust to a variety of assumptions on legislative preferences and the distribution of policy choices.
How the ideology of ‘quality’ protects civil society in Xi Jinping’s China:

Under Xi Jinping, the Chinese state has asserted authoritarian control over many aspects of civil society. Yet there is evidence that Chinese citizens are continuing to mobilize and organize with r...
Academic Outcomes Among Diverse Community College Students: What Is the Role of Instructor Relationships?:

Objective: Although much research on community colleges focuses on institutional challenges or student deficits, emerging evidence suggests that student–instructor relationships have the potential ...
Neuropeptide Y and amygdala circuitry: Modulation of stress-related behavior

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system and, as a result, is associated with diverse physiological functions including modulation of feeding, reproduction, epilepsy, circadian rhythms, blood pressure, endocrine regulation, cognition, and stress. Within the brain, the amygdala complex receives substantial NPY innervation from a number of intrinsic and extrinsic sources, which contributes to the modulation of a variety of stress-related behaviors including fear, social behaviors, anxiety, and resilience. Coupled with a broad distribution of receptor subtypes (Y1, Y2, Y5), NPY is poised to influence the activity of the basolateral complex (BLC), central (CeA), and medial (MeA) amygdaloid nuclei. This chapter provides a neuroanatomical perspective of NPY circuits and their overall contribution to the modulation of amygdala activity and the resulting behavioral responses. The significance of NPY to resilience in humans is discussed.
MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF THE ENDOCYTIC PROTEIN EPSIN CONTROLLING ITS LOCALIZATION AND FUNCTION IN CANCER CELL MIGRATION AND INVASION

ABSTRACT Epsins are endocytic adaptor proteins with signaling and endocytic functions. The three mammalian epsin paralogs are made of an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain and an unstructured C-terminal region. The highly conserved ENTH domain plays a role in signaling by blocking RhoGAP activity and is required for cell migration in mammalian cells. However, our lab has previously shown that only epsin full length overexpression can enhance cell migration, but the ENTH domain alone cannot. Among the three Epsin paralogs, epsin 3 followed by epsin 2 were able to substantially enhance cell migration. This study is the first one to systematically and comprehensibly address the contribution of different motifs within the epsin C-terminus to enhance protein localization and cell migration. We show that is not the lipid-binding ENTH domain, but the C-terminus of epsin the one playing a major role in epsin association with sites of endocytosis. Further, we dissected the contribution of individual C-terminal endocytic (clathrin-, AP2-, Ubiquitin- and EH domain-binding) motifs for epsin localization. We found that while all motifs show a degree of synergism, the clathrin-binding motifs are the most important for epsin localization. Our study also showed that, these motifs (particularly the clathrin binding site) play an important role in sustaining endocytic site dynamics and cell migration.
Chemical Robotics Enabled Exploration of Stability in Multicomponent Lead Halide Perovskites via Machine Learning

Metal halide perovskites have attracted immense interest as a promising material for a variety of optoelectronic and sensing applications. However, issues regarding long-term stability have emerged...
Association Among Noncalcified Coronary Burden, Fractional Flow Reserve, and Myocardial Injury in Psoriasis.

Background Myocardial infarction and premature death have been observed in patients with psoriasis. Although inflammation-driven accelerated atherosclerosis has been proposed as a mechanism, the relationship between subclinical noncalcified coronary burden (NCB), functional coronary flow impairment, and myocardial injury is unclear. Methods and Results In an ongoing longitudinal cohort study, 202 consecutive patients with psoriasis (168 at 1 year) underwent coronary computed tomography angiography to identify coronary plaque, quantify NCB, and calculate coronary fractional flow reserve by computed tomography. Serum high-sensitivity troponin-T (hs-cTn-T) was measured using a fifth-generation assay. Overall, patients were middle-aged, predominantly male, and low cardiovascular risk. A higher than median NCB associated with a positive hs-cTn-T (fully adjusted model [odds ratio (OR), 1.72; 95% CI, 1.10-2.69, P=0.018]) at baseline. Additionally, patients with a higher than median baseline NCB had higher odds of positive hs-cTn-T at 1 year in fully adjusted analyses (adjusted OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.47-3.79, P 2- fold higher odds of positive hs-cTn-T. These findings underscore the importance of early vascular disease in driving myocardial injury, and support conduct of myocardial perfusion studies to better understand these findings.
Agri-Food Systems and the Anthropocene

Understanding the Anthropocene—as both a set of physiological phenomena and as an existential crisis of modernity—requires interrogating Earth-changing transformations in food and agriculture. Agri...
The TRAINing Technique: An Experiential Process Fostering Growth of Counselors in Training

Students in counseling programs tend to learn better by being active participants in the classroom. Using a relational-cultural pedagogical approach, the authors share an experiential learning prac...
Dignity and its discontents: Towards an abolitionist rethinking of dignity:

As we approach the decade anniversary of the US Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Plata (2011), it is perhaps a good time to take stock of some of the optimism expressed by this author (Simon, 201...
The pricing of equity IPOs that follow public debt offerings

We examine the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) of equity by firms that make prior public debt offerings. We find that subsequent IPOs are associated with significantly lower underpricing. Further, the price dispersion of the preliminary filing price range is smaller, as is the price revision subsequent to information gathering during the road show. The lower underpricing is confined to subsequent IPOs that are rated. Since rated IPOs tend to be financially stronger than non-rated IPOs, our results suggest that a longer history of information helps reduce the indirect cost of issue for good quality firms.
Dissensus Algorithms for Opinion Dynamics on the Sphere.

In this paper, novel dissensus algorithms based on the Oja principal component analysis (PCA) flow are proposed to model opinion dynamics on the unit sphere. The information of the covariance formed by the opinion state of each agent is used to achieve a dissensus equilibrium on unsigned graphs. This differs from most of the existing work where antagonistic interactions represented by negative weights in signed graphs are used to achieve a dissensus equilibrium. The nonlinear algorithm is analyzed under both constant covariance and time-varying covariance leading to different behaviors. Stability analysis for the unstable consensus and stable dissensus equilibria is provided under various conditions. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated through a simulation experiment of a multi-agent system.
Academies in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review.

Purpose Thirty years ago, academies were conceived as a sociocultural approach to revitalize the teaching mission of medical schools and to promote educators' career advancement. The academy movement has grown rapidly and now reaches a broad range of health professions education organizations. The authors conducted a scoping review to map the literature and describe the evidence that guides the formation of new academies and justifies the continuation of existing ones. Method The authors searched MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Elsevier and Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science (via Clarivate Analytics) from inception through March 6, 2020, for publications regarding academy-like organizations. They mapped the relevant literature using logic modeling as an organizing framework and included the mission, resources, activities, output, outcomes, and impact of the included academies. Results Of the 513 publications identified, 43 met the inclusion criteria, the oldest of which was published in 2000. Most publications were either case reports or perspective/opinion pieces (26, 57.8%), while studies presenting empirical findings were less common (11, 24.4%). Publications showed that academies were diversifying and increasingly were part of a broad range of organizations, including departments, hospitals, health science campuses, and national organizations. The mission, resources, and activities were similar across academies. Evaluation studies were largely limited to process measures, and rigorous studies examining outcomes (i.e., changes in academy participants) and impact on the organization at large were rare. Conclusions The increase in the number of academy-related publications parallels the accelerating speed of the academy movement. To sustain this movement, rigorous studies must provide evidence that academies contribute to the revitalization of organizations' teaching mission and bring about an academic culture where educators thrive and where education is a legitimate career path.
Misleading Heuristics and Moderated Multiple Regression Models

Abstract Moderated multiple regression models allow the simple relationship between the dependent variable and an independent variable to depend on the level of another independent variable. The moderated relationship, often referred to as the interaction, is modeled by including a product term as an additional independent variable. Moderated relationships are central to marketing (e.g., Does the effect of promotion on sales depend on the market segment?). Multiple regression models not including a product term are widely used and well understood. The authors argue that researchers have derived from this simpler type of multiple regression several data analysis heuristics that, when inappropriately generalized to moderated multiple regression, can result in faulty interpretations of model coefficients and incorrect statistical analyses. Using theoretical arguments and constructed data sets, the authors describe these heuristics, discuss how they may easily be misapplied, and suggest some good practices fo...
"Leakage" in International Regulatory Regimes: Did the OECD Anti-bribery Convention Increase Bribery?

"Leakage" in International Regulatory Regimes: Did the OECD Anti-bribery Convention Increase Bribery?
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with or without thienopyridine pretreatment improve outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction--a meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.

Background Recent studies have casted a doubt on usefulness of routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIA inhibitors (GPI) in patients, pretreated with aspirin and clopidogrel, undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objective We aimed to investigate the effect of relevant factors, particularly thienopyridine pretreatment, on clinical benefit from GPI in randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods We searched electronic databases for RCT comparing GPI to control in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Relevant study covariates and clinical outcomes were extracted. A random effect cumulative and subgroup analyses (thienopyridine non-pretreated studies vs. pretreated studies) were performed. A weighted random effect meta-regression to determine the effect of thienopyridine pretreatment, enrollment year, control group mortality, and ischemic time on mortality benefit from GPI use was conducted. Results Twenty studies (9 non-pretreated, 11 pretreated) with a total of 7,414 patients (3,811 GPI, 3,603 control) were included. GPI use reduces mortality (risk ratio, RR = 0.75 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.97, P = 0.03), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.80, P = 0.0002), but not reinfarction (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–1.0, P = 0.05) at 30 days. There was no effect of thienopyridine pretreatment on reduction in mortality (P = 0.39), reinfarction (P =0.46), or TVR (P =0.95) in subgroup analysis. Meta-regression analyses showed significant effect of control group mortality risk (B = −12.15, P = 0.034) but not of thienopyridine pretreatment, enrollment year or control group ischemic time on mortality reduction from GPI use. Conclusion The benefit from GPI use in primary PCI for STEMI appears to depend on mortality risk, and not on thienopyridine pretreatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Opening Remarks from the SALT Teaching Conference

Good morning, and welcome. I had the privilege of being one of the co-chairs of the SALT organizing committee. The members of the committee appreciate how much the faculty and staff of Loyola Law School have put into this conference. Their generosity has been wonderful and we are very grateful to them. The members of the committee also want to welcome you and thank you for joining us to discuss and commit to progressive teaching and lawyering. My job is to orient you to the structure of the conference and to help you anticipate and integrate the experiences of the next couple of days, which we have made extremely long and, we hope, inspiring and intense. Our objective is to help you develop a structure that brings together progressive lawyering, advocacy, and theory building. This is tricky work, so the conference is complicated. One way to imagine the process of the conference is as a bunch of building blocks precariously situated upon each other. A second way to think of it is in computer-eze, as a threaded e-mail conversation. A third way to think of it is as a braid, where we are braiding together many different ideas, segments, and types of thinking. Whatever image helps you to integrate the ideas, please keep it in mind, use it and share it. Our goal is to be progressive in law-both inside and outside the classroom-for we are a community of progressives. We hope this conference will help build a broader and deeper community, to connect with each other and with our many other communities in stronger and deeper ways. How will we do this? We open with a plenary about the challenges and opportunities that progressives face
Resource adaptive periodicity estimation of streaming data

Streaming environments typically dictate incomplete or approximate algorithm execution, in order to cope with sudden surges in the data rate. Such limitations are even more accentuated in mobile environments (such as sensor networks) where computational and memory resources are typically limited. This paper introduces the first “resource adaptive” algorithm for periodicity estimation on a continuous stream of data. Our formulation is based on the derivation of a closed-form incremental computation of the spectrum, augmented by an intelligent load-shedding scheme that can adapt to available CPU resources. Our experiments indicate that the proposed technique can be a viable and resource efficient solution for real-time spectrum estimation.
Using Market Reaction to Infer Persistence of Earnings Surprises

We measure the market's assessment of the information in a particular earnings surprise by calculating a firm- and time-specific earnings response coefficient (FTERC). We use the FTERC to infer the market's expectation of the persistence of unexpected earnings and also develop an interpretive framework. Examining the market's response to a particular earnings surprise - rather than whether it, on average, over- or underreacts - allows researchers to use the FTERC as a dependent variable (e.g. in a study of disclosure quality) or as a control when each response is unique (e.g. a firm before, during and after fraud). Our model implies seven classifications of expected persistence: growing, permanent, decaying, transitory, partially offsetting, offsetting, and subsuming. We find that approximately 1 in 4 earnings announcements results in an FTERC within the 'normal' permanent-to-transitory range; over 70% of expectation revisions are growing or subsuming.
A Mechanism for Brightening Linear Stability Analysis of the Curvature-Enhanced Coverage Model

This work presents experiments and theory describing a mechanism for how brighteners in electrolytes function. The mechanism involves change of local coverage of a deposition rate-enhancing catalyst adsorbed on the surface through change of local surface area during growth as well as accumulation and consumption. A first-order perturbation analysis shows the surface is stable against growth of perturbations for all wavelengths below a critical value that is deposition-condition dependent. The model predictions are shown to be consistent with the experimental results.
Cluster formation over adaptive networks with selfish agents

We examine the problem of adaptation and learning over networks with selfish agents. In order to motivate agents to cooperate, we allow the agents to select their partners according to whether they can help them reduce their utility costs. We divide the operation of the network into two stages: a cluster formation stage and an information sharing stage. During cluster formation, agents evaluate a long-term combined cost function and decide on whether to cooperate or not with other agents. During the subsequent information sharing phase, agents share and process information over their sub-networks. Simulations illustrate how the clustering technique enhances the mean-square-error performance of the agents over non-cooperative processing.
Experimental Depletion of Creatine and Phosphocreatine from Skeletal Muscle

To evaluate the long term effects on skeletal muscle of feeding a competitive inhibitor of creatine transport, β-guanidinopropionic acid was fed to rats as 1% of their diet for 6 weeks or longer. Although these rats appeared healthy on casual inspection, the P-creatine concentration in their gastrocnemius muscles decreased from a mean value of 22.5 µmoles per g wet weight to 1.6. Instead of P-creatine, the muscles contained a new phosphorylated guanidino compound in concentrations as high as 30 µmoles per g wet weight. By chromatography on Sephadex QAE-A25 this new compound was indistinguishable from phosphorylated β-guanidinopropionate formed in vitro in a reaction mixture containing β-guanidinopropionate, rabbit muscle creatine kinase, and an ATP generating system. Hydrolysis of the new compound liberated β-guanidinopropionic acid and orthophosphate in a 1:1 molar ratio. When muscles from rats fed β-guanidinopropionic acid were caused to contract under anoxic conditions, the concentration of phosphorylated β-guanidinopropionate decreased dramatically, raising the possibility that it, like P-creatine, can serve in a system to regenerate ATP. On the other hand β-guanidinopropionate is a relatively ineffective substrate for creatine kinase in vitro, and animals fed β-guanidinopropionic acid have subnormal concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate, ATP, and ADP in resting muscle in vivo. These animals may prove useful in studies of the metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle.
Physical monitoring of meiotic and mitotic recombination in yeast.

Publisher Summary Recombination occurs in both meiotic and mitotic cells. In many ways, these recombination events appear quite different. For example, gene conversion events in meiosis are generally accompanied by crossing-over for about half of the time, while mitotic gene conversions involve exchanges much less often. There are also significant differences in gene conversion tract length in meiosis and mitosis. Moreover, from studies on various recombination-defective mutations, it is also clear that there are mutants that specifically block meiosis without having any significant effect on mitotic events and vice versa. The chapter focuses on the substrates of these enzymes: homologous sequences undergoing gene conversion and crossing-over. In the yeast Saccharomyces cereuisiae, recombination events can be induced at such high frequency, with sufficient synchrony, that intermediate steps in recombination can be isolated and the specific predictions of various models of recombination can be tested. The chapter considers both general recombination events (intragenic and intergenic recombination on both normal and artificial chromosomes) and several well-studied site-specific recombination events [FLP-mediated crossing-over in 2μ-DNA, ω conversion in mitochondria, and mating-type (MAT) switching].
A Mining Technique Using $N$ n-Grams and Motion Transcripts for Body Sensor Network Data Repository

Recent years have witnessed a large influx of applications in the field of cyber-physical systems. An important class of these systems is body sensor networks (BSNs) where lightweight embedded processors and communication systems are tightly coupled with the human body. BSNs can provide researchers, care providers and clinicians access to tremendously valuable information extracted from data that are collected in users' natural environment. With this information, one can monitor the progression of a disease, identify its early onset, or simply assess user's wellness. One major obstacle is managing repositories that store the large amount of sensing data. To address this issue, we propose a data mining approach inspired by the experience in the areas of text and natural language processing. We represent sensor readings with a sequence of characters, called motion transcripts. Transcripts reduce complexity of the data significantly while maintaining morphological and structural properties of the physiological signals. To further take advantage of the physiological signal's structure, our data mining technique focuses on the characteristic transitions in the signals. These transitions are efficiently captured using the concept of n-grams. To facilitate a lightweight and fast mining approach, we reduce the overwhelmingly large number of n-grams via information gain (IG) feature selection. We report the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of the speed of mining while maintaining an acceptable accuracy in terms of the F-score combining both precision and recall.
Properties of an Anisotropic Fabry–Perot Resonator

Expressions are derived which describe the transmission characteristics of an active Fabry–Perot cavity containing doubly refracting and optically rotating media. It is shown that such a system is characterized by a spectrum of resonances whose intensities are independent of the anisotropic effects but whose center frequencies and polarizations are determined by these effects. Experimental observations of the output frequencies and polarizations of a gas laser utilizing an anisotropic cavity are also reported. In addition to confirming the predictions of our theoretical calculations, these observations have resulted in a determination of the Verdet constant of fused silica in the near infrared.
Monolithic Fabrication of Millimeter-Scale Surgical Devices With Integrated Sensing

The advent of minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) has cultivated a paradigm shift wherein open surgical procedures can now be performed through a number of small, millimetersized ports which can be quickly sutured closed, thus reducing patient morbidity and recovery time. The small scale of these procedures presents significant challenges to developing robust, smart, and dexterous tools for manipulating millimeter and submillimeter anatomical structures (e.g. vessels or nerves) and surgical equipment (e.g. sutures or staples). To meet the demand for next-generation medical endeffectors, we are developing a versatile fabrication process, based on printed circuit board manufacturing techniques, to create monolithic, kinematically complex, three-dimensional machines in parallel at the millimeter to centimeter scales. This paper describes an application of this manufacturing process in the creation of a microsurgical grasper with integrated force sensing, capable of manipulating objects and resolving gripping forces with 5 mN resolution.
Assembly of super-supertetrahedral metal–organic clusters into a hierarchical porous cubic framework

A porous framework comprising a super-supertetrahedral metal–organic cluster building block has been synthesized. Its cubic framework represents a multi-level hierarchical architecture and also possesses an interesting magnetic property.
Design of Pole Assignment using m-Order Compensators

In this paper, we present some results of pole assignment by using m-order compensators in single-loop configurations with transfer function approach. The results are tightly related to the property of observability indices of the plant. In particular, we shall prove that by using m-order output feedback compensators, m+E m closed-loop poles can be almost arbitrarily assigned, where E m is determined by m and the observability indices of the plant. A complete parametrization for the characteristic polynomial of the feedback system in the multi-input multi-output case will be indicated, which can be used to assign more poles. The proofs of the results are the constructive design procedures. An example will be shown to illustrate the design.
Narrating Place and Identity, or Mapping Miskitu Land Claims in Northeastern Nicaragua

This paper draws from my participation in mapping miskitu community land claims in the spring of 1997 to discuss the relationship between the mapping process and an identity politics of place in no...
Some Effects of the Sensitivity Threshold and Spatial Resolution of a Particle Imaging System on the Shape of the Measured Particle Size Distribution

ABSTRACT Numerous scientific research efforts require knowledge of the particle volume concentration. For manystudies, this information is required as a function of particle size. These particle volume spectra are often inferredfrom optically measured particle areal size distributions after the areal size distributions have been transformedinto equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) distributions. Resolution and sensitivity differences between imagingsystems will result in different shapes for the measured particle size distribution. Artifacts will be introduced atthe small-particle end of the distribution by the finite spatial resolution of an imaging system while, on the large particle end, artifacts due to under-sampling (a direct corollary of finite spatial resolution) become probable. Additionally, the sensitivity threshold of the imaging system is not only fundamental to the determination of theparticle edge but also determines the optical density (reflectivity) level below which material will not be imaged.
Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers

Abstract Advances in our understanding of the fate and transport of bacteria introduced into aquifers, including the potential use of genetically engineered bacteria for biorestoration, are highlighted by new findings in the following areas: modeling of bacterial attachment during transport through porous media, the long-term survival of a chlorobenzoate-degrading bacterium injected into a contaminated sandy aquifer, and molecular techniques that may be used in tracking genetically engineered bacteria in groundwater environments.
Wetting of hydrocarbon liquid surfaces by fluorocarbon vapor: a microscopic study

The wetting of the liquid fluorocarbon (perfluoromethylcyclohexane) on the liquid hydrocarbon (eicosane) surface was studied just above the eicosane melting point, where the eicosane exhibits surface freezing (SF) behavior. The thickness of the wetting layer was controlled by changing the fluorocarbon chemical potential relative to the reservoir through temperature differences T. The evolution of the microscopic structure of the fluorocarbon layer along the normal-to-surface was measured in situ using X-ray reflectivity. Observed effects include suppression of the SF phase for the thinnest absorbed fluorocarbon layer (d 7A ) as well as complete wetting that following the dT − 1/3 law. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Aortic Valve Replacement with the Starr-Edwards Prosthesis: A Comparison of the First and Second Decades of Follow-up

Abstract There are few prostheses in current use that allow 20-year follow-up. This report compares the rates of valve-related complications during the first and second decades following aortic valve replacement with the Silastic ball prosthesis. Valve-related complication rates with this prosthesis have been low overall. Performance characteristics of this valve have remained stable through the second decade of follow-up. These results should be used as the standard in the evaluation of long-term results with other more recently introduced mechanical and tissue valves.
EXPLORER : query- and demand-driven exploration of interprocedural control flow properties

This paper describes a general framework and its implementation in a tool called EXPLORER for statically answering a class of interprocedural control flow queries about Java programs. EXPLORER allows users to formulate queries about feasible callstack configurations using regular expressions, and it employs a precise, demand-driven algorithm for answering such queries. Specifically, EXPLORER constructs an automaton A that is iteratively refined until either the language accepted by A is empty (meaning that the query has been refuted) or until no further refinement is possible based on a precise, context-sensitive abstraction of the program. We evaluate EXPLORER by applying it to three different program analysis tasks, namely, (1) analysis of the observer design pattern in Java, (2) identification of a class of performance bugs, and (3) analysis of inter-component communication in Android applications. Our evaluation shows that EXPLORER is both efficient and precise.
The behavior during the initial phase of in vitro aggregation of dissociated imaginal disc cells from Drosophila melanogaster.

Aspects of the initial phase of aggregation in vitro of dissociated imaginal disc cells from Drosophila melanogaster are described. Using the methods described certain interdisc differences in the percent decrease in single cell units during the first hour of aggregation can be demonstrated. In addition it is shown that prospective notum cells isolated from the dorsal mesothoracic disc show less of a decrease than do prospective wing cells. This difference shows up in a variety of different wild-type stocks and in several mutant stocks as well. Prospective notum cells from the mutation fu59 show only a limited ability to adhere to one another, while the percentage of single cell units from prospective wing blade cells from r9 larvae grown on pyrimidine-poor medium decrease less compared to cells from the same stock grown on RNA-supplemented medium. There is a significantly greater decrease in the percent single cell units in cultures of prospective eye cells than in cultures of prospective antennal cells. Furthermore, cells from the antennal disc of larvae bearing the homeotic mutation ssa show a significantly lower decrease in single cell units when grown at restrictive temperatures. In contrast, antennal disc cells from the homeotic mutation opthalmoptera; eyeless Dominant, a mutation which affects the eye disc, are unaffected, while cells from the eye disc are slightly less able to reassociate with one another.
SU-E-T-377: Inaccurate Positioning Might Introduce Significant MapCheck Calibration Error in Flatten Filter Free Beams

Purpose: This study investigates the calibration error of detector sensitivity for MapCheck due to inaccurate positioning of the device, which is not taken into account by the current commercial iterative calibration algorithm. We hypothesize the calibration is more vulnerable to the positioning error for the flatten filter free (FFF) beams than the conventional flatten filter flattened beams. Methods: MapCheck2 was calibrated with 10MV conventional and FFF beams, with careful alignment and with 1cm positioning error during calibration, respectively. Open fields of 37cmx37cm were delivered to gauge the impact of resultant calibration errors. The local calibration error was modeled as a detector independent multiplication factor, with which propagation error was estimated with positioning error from 1mm to 1cm. The calibrated sensitivities, without positioning error, were compared between the conventional and FFF beams to evaluate the dependence on the beam type. Results: The 1cm positioning error leads to 0.39% and 5.24% local calibration error in the conventional and FFF beams respectively. After propagating to the edges of MapCheck, the calibration errors become 6.5% and 57.7%, respectively. The propagation error increases almost linearly with respect to the positioning error. The difference of sensitivities between the conventional and FFF beams was small (0.11 ±more » 0.49%). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the positioning error is not handled by the current commercial calibration algorithm of MapCheck. Particularly, the calibration errors for the FFF beams are ~9 times greater than those for the conventional beams with identical positioning error, and a small 1mm positioning error might lead to up to 8% calibration error. Since the sensitivities are only slightly dependent of the beam type and the conventional beam is less affected by the positioning error, it is advisable to cross-check the sensitivities between the conventional and FFF beams to detect potential calibration errors due to inaccurate positioning. This work was partially supported by a DOD Grant No.; DOD W81XWH1010862.« less
Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism in human and rabbit anterior uvea.

Abstract Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) metabolism into 3 series cyclooxygenase and 5 series lipoxygenase products was assessed in human and rabbit anterior uvea. Both tissues synthesized 3 series cyclooxygenase products such as delta17 6-keto-PGF1 (PGI3 metabolite), PGF3, PGE3, PGD3 and TxB3 (a stable product of TxA3) and lipoxygenase products 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 5-HEPE and 5,12-diHEPE from 14C-EPA. EPA-derived cyclooxygenase product synthesis was considerably greater than the formation of lipoxygenase products from EPA in both tissues.
Reactivity and extent of poisoning during methanol electro-oxidation on platinum (100) and (111): A comparative study

Abstract The reactivity and self-poisoning of platinum in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol depends on surface structure and potential. To study these effects, we determined the charge passed, extent of poisoning, and yield of complete oxidation product (CO 2 ) from electrocatalysis of methanol on Pt(100) and Pt(111) electrodes through chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry. Measurements were performed in a dual cell apparatus with perchloric acid supporting electrolyte at room temperature. Methanol was reacted at constant potential within the range 0.35–0.7 V RHE for 60 s. Linear sweep voltammetry in methanol-free electrolyte allowed for measurement of adsorbed partial oxidation products. The most significant differences in behavior between Pt(100) and (111) occurred below 0.5 V. In this potential range reaction on Pt(100) saturates, producing exclusively CO, while on Pt(111) reaction is slow, but sustained, and produces small quantities of CO 2 . The extent of poisoning showed a pronounced maximum at 0.6 V for reaction on Pt(111), but remained relatively constant on Pt(100) below 0.65 V. Between 0.5 and 0.7 V the charge passed and CO 2 yields compared favorably on both surfaces. In this intermediate potential range, the different CO coverages which form from methanol reaction represents the most significant structural effect. Although the Pt(100) surface exhibits a greater tendency to dehydrogenate methanol, the Pt(111) surface oxidizes CO more efficiently. This balance between the rate of CO formation and oxidation results in greater poisoning of the (100) surface. We discuss both kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the methanol reaction, and pay particular attention to the applicability of a parallel reaction mechanism for methanol.
Ultra-high speed memory bus using microwave interconnects

A new memory bus concept that has the potential to dramatically improve double data rate (DDR) memory speed is presented. The memory signal is modulated onto an RF carrier which is routed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) interconnect technology. The channel is divided into multi-carrier bands where each symbol is modulated onto one carrier using 64-QAM format. The conventional DDR bus is entirely mapped into the proposed multi-carrier memory channel architecture (MCMCA). At the receiver the signal is demodulated and then delivered to SDRAM devices. Experimental characterization of the new channel shows that by using judicious frequency division multiplexing, as few as one SIW is sufficient to transmit the 64 DDR bits. Overall aggregated bus data rate achieves 30 Gbps data transfer with error vector magnitude (EVM) not exceeding 2.26% and phase error of 1.07 degree or less.
The potentiometric titration of the sulfa drugs

The potentiometric titration of the sulfa drugs is reported. The official assay is modified in that the end point of the titration is determined potentiometrically and the use of ice has been eliminated. Comparison with the official assay is favorable since the method is rapid, convenient, and consistent results are obtained. The method does not permit the human error variation in determining the sometimes indefinite blue starch-iodide end point Indications are that the modified procedure could have extensive use in pharmaceutical control.
Recombinant human C5a-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig: a histamine independent mechanism.

Abstract Recombinant human C5a (rHuC5a), produced by a synthetic gene expressed in Escherichia coli, causes a decrease in dynamic lung compliance and an increase in pulmonary resistance when injected intravenously in anesthetized mechanically ventilated guinea pigs over a dose range of 5–20 μg/kg. Intravenous injection of rHuC5a also caused an immediate decrease in mean arterial blood pressure followed by a transient increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediators responsible for these effects. To assess the role of histamine, plasma levels of histamine were monitored and the effects of the H1 antagonist pyrilamine were assessed. rHuC5a caused a significant increase in plasma histamine. However, the H1 antagonist did not alter the maximum or the time course of the bronchoconstrictor response indicating that histamine did not play a major role. The LTD4 antagonist L-649,923 did not inhibit the rHuC5a-induced bronchoconstriction whereas the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did. Thus, to assess the role of cyclo-oxygenase products, plasma levels of thromboxane (TX) B2, prostaglandin (PG) D2 and PGF2α were monitored after injection of rHuC5a. In addition, guinea pigs were treated with either the TX synthetase inhibitor U-63557A or with the TX receptor antagonist SQ 29,548. rHuC5a challenge caused an increase in plasma concentrations of TXB2, PGD2 and PGF2α which peaked before the maximum of the bronchoconstriction. SQ 29,548 significantly inhibited the maximum of the bronchoconstrictor response, whereas U-63557A did not inhibit the maximum but did inhibit the time course of the response. The transient increase in blood pressure induced by rHuC5a involves arachidonate metabolites since it was inhibited by L-649,923, indomethacin, U-63557A and SQ 29,548. The rHuC5a-induced decrease in dynamic lung compliance and increase in pulmonary resistance in the guinea-pig is due primarily to generation of cyclo-oxygenase products, in particular thromboxane, without a contribution by histamine.
Analysis of the performance of optimized distributed erbium doped fiber amplifiers

With theoretical modeling, we optimize the fiber design for distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers which maintain a constant signal level across 10 - 100 km lengths. A constant signal level is maintained by fully inverting an amplifier with very low doping concentrations in the 10 - 50 ppb range. Included in the analysis are the pump wavelength, pumping configuration, erbium doping concentration, noise, temperature effects, macrobending loss and chromatic dispersion. We found that the optimum design would consist of a V value of 1.775 with a corresponding doping concentration of approximately 22 ppb.
The membrane response of hippocampal CA3b pyramidal neurons near rest: Heterogeneity of passive properties and the contribution of hyperpolarization-activated currents

Pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampal formation integrate synaptic information arriving in the dendrites within discrete laminar regions. At potentials near or below the resting potential integration of synaptic signals is most affected by the passive properties of the cell and hyperpolarization-activated currents (I(h)). Here we focused specifically on a subset of neurons within the CA3b subregion of the rat hippocampus in order to better understand their membrane response within subthreshold voltage ranges. Using a combined experimental and computational approach we found that the passive properties of these neurons varied up to fivefold between cells. Likewise, there was a large variance in the expression of I(h) channels. However, the contribution of I(h) was minimal at resting potentials endowing the membrane with an apparent linear response to somatic current injection within +/-10 mV. Unlike in CA1 pyramidal neurons, however, I(h) activation was not potentiated in an activity-dependent manner. Computer modeling, based on a combination of voltage- and current-clamp data, suggested that an increasing density of these channels with distance from the soma, compared with a uniform distribution, would have no significant effect on the general properties of the cell because of their relatively lower expression. Nonetheless, temporal summation of excitatory inputs was affected by the presence of I(h) in the dendrites in a frequency- and distance-dependent fashion.