cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold during cycle ergometry in college-aged women

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 5 days of Creatine (Cr) loading on the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) in college-aged women. Fifteen healthy college-aged women (mean ± SD = 22.3 ± 1.7 yrs) volunteered to participate in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study and were randomly placed into either placebo (PL – 10 g of flavored dextrose powder; n = 8) or creatine (Cr – 5 g di-creatine citrate plus 10 g of flavored dextrose powder; n = 7; Creatine Edge, FSI Nutrition) loading groups. Each group ingested one packet 4 times per day (total of 20 g/day) for 5 days. Prior to and following supplementation, each subject performed a discontinuous incremental cycle ergometer test to determine their EMGFT value, using bipolar surface electrodes placed on the longitudinal axis of the right vastus lateralis. Subjects completed a total of four, 60 second work bouts (ranging from 100–350 W). The EMG amplitude was averaged over 10 second intervals and plotted over the 60 second work bout. The resulting slopes from each successive work bouts were used to calculate EMGFT. A two-way ANOVA (group [Cr vs. PL] × time [pre vs. post]) resulted in a significant (p = 0.031) interaction. Furthermore, a dependent samples t-test showed a 14.5% ± 3.5% increase in EMGFT from pre- to post-supplementation with Cr (p = 0.009), but no change for the PL treatment (- 2.2 ± 5.8%; p = 0.732). In addition, a significant increase (1.0 ± 0.34 kg; p = 0.049) in weight (kg) was observed in the Cr group but no change for PL (-0.2 kg ± 0.2 kg). These findings suggest that 5 days of Cr loading in women may be an effective strategy for delaying the onset of neuromuscular fatigue during cycle ergometry.
Coil design considerations for deep-brain transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS)

Deep-brain transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) could provide new, non-invasive therapeutic options for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Figures of merit (FoMs) are proposed to evaluate and compare dTMS coil designs. These FoMs characterize the depth of electric field penetration, scalp stimulation, focality, and energy. Two coil configurations potentially suitable for dTMS are analyzed: circular crown coil and C-core coil. These coils have significantly less attenuation of the electric field strength in depth, compared to conventional TMS coils. In the limiting case as the coil dimensions become large relative to the head, the electric field decay in depth becomes linear, which indicates that, at best, the electric field attenuation is directly proportional to the depth of the target. The charge density and heating induced in the brain are at safe levels, but the risk of unintended neuromodulation and seizures with dTMS has to be evaluated further. Preliminary simulation results suggest that the crown coil has the best overall performance for dTMS. Finally, synchronous firing of all TMS coil elements appears more effective at stimulating deep neurons than is sequential firing.
School Social Work: Facilitating Home, School, and Community Partnerships.

Schools cannot be effective without partnerships with parents. Social workers have much to contribute to developing this partnership.
What Makes Scientific Workflows Scientific

A scientific workflow is the description of a process for accomplishing a scientific objective, usually expressed in terms of tasks and their dependencies [5]. While workflows have a long history in the database community as well as in business process modeling (where they are also known as business workflows ), and despite some early works on scientific workflows [3,10], the area has only recently begun to fully flourish (e.g., see [1,2,9,7,4,11]). Similar to scientific data management which has different characteristics from traditional business data management [8], scientific workflows exhibit new challenges and opportunities that distinguish them from business workflows. We present an overview of these challenges and opportunities, covering a number of issues such as different models of computation, scalable data and process management, and data provenance and lineage handling in scientific workflows.
Federal wastewater reuse policy: Institutional and attitudinal obstacles to national progress

Abstract Wastewater reuse has been adopted relatively seldom as a water management method in the United States. This paper traces the development of federal wastewater reuse policy in the water quality planning process and its slow implementation. Obstacles to reuse adoption include lack of enforcement of regulations, economic constraints, inadequate evaluation of reuse's water supply benefits, and conservative attitudes on the part of planners. Recent policy initiatives may reduce some of these obstacles.
Periodontal disease severity and cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study

Few prospective studies have reported on relationships between objective periodontal disease (PD) measures and cancer risk. This association was examined in 1,337 postmenopausal women participating in the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. Oral alveolar crestal height (ACH) was measured using oral radiographs. Incident cancers were adjudicated with medical records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between ACH and incident cancer outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. There were 203 confirmed total incident cancer cases during follow-up (12.2 ± 4.2 years). After adjusting for age and smoking, there were no statistically significant associations between ACH-defined PD categories and total cancer risk (mild/moderate vs. none: HR 1.33, 95 % CI 0.91–1.94; severe vs. none: HR 1.20, 95 % CI 0.77–1.86). ACH-defined PD categories were not associated with common site-specific cancers. Whole-mouth mean and worst-site ACH (per 1 mm loss) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung (adjusted HR 1.81, 95 % CI 1.30–2.54; adjusted HR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.08–1.66, respectively), but not total or other site-specific cancer. Smoking status modified the associations between continuous ACH variables and total cancer risk; measures of PD were associated with total cancer among smokers but not never smokers (interaction p = 0.02 and p < 0.01 for whole-mouth mean and worst-site ACH, respectively). ACH-defined PD was associated with total cancer risk in ever but not never smoking postmenopausal women. Whole-mouth mean and worst-site ACH were associated with increased lung cancer risk. However, these results need to be interpreted cautiously given the small number of lung cancer cases (n = 18). Further research utilizing a larger sample is warranted to confirm the relationships among oral bone loss, site-specific cancers, and total cancer.
Silicon Field Emitter Arrays With Current Densities Exceeding 100 A/cm 2 at Gate Voltages Below 75 V

We report silicon field emitter arrays (FEAs) that demonstrate current densities >100 A/cm2 at gate–emitter voltages $\approx 350$ nm) that are self-aligned to the field emitter tip enabling device operation at >100 A/cm2 with gate-to-emitter voltages that are less than 75 V. These FEAs demonstrate performance that has the potential to enable smaller, more efficient, and high-power vacuum electronics.
Transmission of Chalk Brood Disease of Honeybees by Infected Queens, and Worker Brood and Adults

SummaryChalk brood infections were produced in disease-free nuclei by transferring honeybee queens, adult workers, and unsealed or sealed brood from diseased colonies. Bees fed Wheast patties remained disease free for 7 weeks, but all nuclei except the controls were infected 2 weeks after they were fed 2-year-old pollen. Bees that removed the diseased larvae most readily recovered from the disease and reared as much brood to the sealed stage as the controls. This suggests that selection for the best hygienic behaviour may be one way to control chalk brood. The disease disappeared in all nuclei during the study, but we were able to recover the fungus in either macerated queens or workers taken from the infected nuclei of bees by streaking suspensions onto plates of potato dextrose agar fortified with 4 g/litre yeast extract.
Techniques for modeling large-scale HPC I/O workloads

Accurate analysis of HPC storage system designs is contingent on the use of I/O workloads that are truly representative of expected use. However, I/O analyses are generally bound to specific workload modeling techniques such as synthetic benchmarks or trace replay mechanisms, despite the fact that no single workload modeling technique is appropriate for all use cases. In this work, we present the design of IOWA, a novel I/O workload abstraction that allows arbitrary workload consumer components to obtain I/O workloads from a range of diverse input sources. Thus, researchers can choose specific I/O workload generators based on the resources they have available and the type of evaluation they wish to perform. As part of this research, we also outline the design of three distinct workload generation methods, based on I/O traces, synthetic I/O kernels, and I/O characterizations. We analyze and contrast each of these workload generation techniques in the context of storage system simulation models as well as production storage system measurements. We found that each generator mechanism offers varying levels of accuracy, flexibility, and breadth of use that should be considered before performing I/O analyses. We also recommend a set of best practices for HPC I/O workload modeling based on challenges that we encountered while performing our evaluation.
Antithyroid antibodies in juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis.

To evaluate the diagnostic value of antithyroid antibodies in juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis, we studied 13 children and adolescents with histologically proven thyroiditis, five children with colloid goiter and five others with hyperthyroidism. The serum of each patient was studied for the presence of antithyroid antibodies by immunofluorescence, and by two of the commercially available methods: tanned erythrocyte agglutination and latex agglutination. By immunofluorescence, antibodies were detected in sera of 13 of 13 patients with thyroiditis. In contrast, the hemagglutination method detected antibodies in only 4 of 13, and latex agglutination in 1 of 13. Antibodies were not detected in sera of patients with colloid goiter. In addition, antinuclear antibody was found by immunofluorescence in sera of 9 of 13 patients with juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis. It is concluded that the detection of antithyroid antibodies by the immunofluorescence method provides the most accurate diagnosis of juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis short of thyroid biopsy.
Some Relationships between Personality and Consumer Decision Making

Data are reported supporting the hypothesis that the personality variables anxiety and self-confidence are related to consumer choice behavior. Post hoc analyses construct six personality factors w...
Flexoelectric strain gradient sensing

Compared with strain, strain gradient can be a more sensitive measurand to interpret structures’ integrity. Defects like fatigue cracks are commonly accompanied by a large strain gradient within a small area near the tip. Flexoelectricity-based strain gradient sensors allow the accurate measurement of the strain gradient in the structures, therefore providing a promising approaching for structural health monitoring. In this chapter the flexoelectric strain gradient sensors are introduced and used to measure the in-plane and out-of-plane strain gradient in the mechanical structures. Their application in measuring the stress intensity factor and monitoring the status of cracks is reported as well.
Alcohol-induced downregulation of superoxide anion release by hepatic phagocytes in endotoxemic rats

Bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] are potent immunomodulators, and ethanol is known to depress certain immune defense mechanisms. Thus the combined impact of these two agents on the generation of superoxide anion (O2(-).) by isolated hepatic phagocytic cells was investigated. Ethanol was infused intravenously into rats for 7 h, and Escherichia coli LPS was injected intravenously at 4 h after ethanol administration. Control groups received an equal volume of saline or ethanol alone. Nonparenchymal cells that were composed of endothelial and Kupffer cells and few polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN; less than 1%) were obtained after collagenase-pronase digestion. In the LPS-treated rats, the total number of PMN per liver increased significantly. Histological sections of the liver showed PMN infiltration and areas of necrosis after LPS treatment with or without ethanol. In the presence of either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized zymosan in vitro, Kupffer cells and hepatic PMN from LPS-treated rats generated large amounts of O2(-).. Ethanol intoxication in vitro by these cells to 50%. Ethanol alone (without LPS) had no effect on the production of O2(-).. These studies demonstrate that ethanol intoxication was associated with the downregulation of the LPS-enhanced in vivo priming of hepatic phagocytes to generate O2(-). in vitro and may thus contribute to the enhanced susceptibility of alcoholic subjects to develop an infection.
Antibiotic Resistance of 390 Clinical Enterococcus Isolates and Test of Class I Integron

OBJECTIVE To investigate the a nt ibiotic resistance and the rates of carrying class Ⅰ integron of 390 clinical Enterococcus isolates for clinical treatment. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility tests w ere performed by NCCLS′s agar dilution method using WHONET5 software for data a nalysis.The class Ⅰ integron was detected by PCR amplification,and the conjuga tion transfer test of enterococci carrying class Ⅰ integron was performed by fi lter mating method.Synergic bactericidal test of streptomycin and ampicillin wa s completed by the method of chessboard. RESULTS MIC_(50) and MIC_(90)(μg/m l) of E.faecalis to ampicillin,penicillin,chloramphynicol,and levofloxacin were 4 and 16,8 and 16,16 and 64,4 and 16,respectively.The MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of E.faecium to them were 64 and 128;64 and 128;32 and 128;and 32 and 128,respectively.To vancomycin both of E.faecalis and E.faecium were 2 and 4μg/ml.The rates of carrying class Ⅰ integron of 324 E.faecalis strains an d 66(E.faecium) strains were 53.1% and 51.5%,respectively.Class Ⅰ integron carried aadA2 gene.MIC to streptomycin was lower than 2 000 μg/ml,and the results of combined streptomycin with ampicillin were(FIC≤0.5). CONCLUSIONS MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of E.faecium to eight antibiotics are higher than that of E.faecalis.The bacterial conjugated plasmids of carrying class Ⅰ in tegron can transfer among enterococci.The results of combined streptomycin with ampicillin show synergic function.
Analysis of Varieties Configuration of Rubber Plantations

Rubbers are tropical trees with long economic life and high economic efficiency.However,due to the impact of various conditions,planting excellent rubber clones with high-yield,high efficiency,multi-resistant is necessary.The author mainly described effective ways for varieaties configuration of excellent rubber clones based on natural environmental factors.,and analysed the existing problems in rubber plantations at present.
Angiogenesis and Breast Cancer

Antiangiogenesis is an appealing therapeutic modality for the treatment of a number of clinically important diseases, including human malignancies and specifically breast cancer. For years, such an approach has remained little more than good theory. However, recent studies have suggested that specific antiangiogenic agents might be effective and safe, and preliminary clinical trials are now being planned to test these drugs. Although early studies will be designed to test the safety of these agents, it seems most likely that they will have their greatest efficacy early in the course of the disease, for example, in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, they will almost certainly be most active when used in combination, both with other antiangiogenic agents and with other modalities such as classic chemotherapy or endocrine therapies or both. Given the potential for monitoring tissue neovascularization and circulating angiogenic factors, one might also speculate that therapies might be chosen based on specific, individual characteristics, not unlike the current use of tumor steroid hormone receptor content to determine the appropriate use of endocrine therapy. In fact, individual responses to antiangiogenic molecules may be important. For example, one group of investigators investigated antiangiogenic activity of a large, polyglycosylated lipid, maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP). They found that the genetic ability of inbred mice to respond to MTP is specifically related to the antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of MTP. Mice genetically unable to respond to MTP were not protected from tumor-graft growth by MTP, whereas responders survived for long periods of time. Although the clinical field of antiangiogenic therapy remains in its infancy, physicians in the future may be as concerned about the "angiogenic profile" of individual patients as they are today about clinical staging and ER status.
Laparoscopic treatment of endometrial cancer: five-year recurrence and survival rates.

Purpose: To evaluate the 5-year recurrence and survival of patients with clinical Stage I endometrial cancer treated by the laparoscopic approach. Methods: Retrospective review of 56 patients with clinical Stage I endometrial cancer treated laparoscopically. The mean follow-up was 6.4 (4.8-9.6) years. The International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (FIGO) surgical staging was: I, 45 (80.4%); II, three (5.4%); III, six (10.7%); and IV, two (3.6%). Results: For patients with surgical Stage I (n = 45), the 5-year recurrence rate was 4.9% and the 5-year cause-specific survival was 94.7%. Factors univariately associated with survival were grade (p = .017), depth of myometrial invasion (p = .018), node metastasis (p = .013), and surgical stage according to FIGO (p = .097). Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach provided 5-year survival and recurrence rates similar to those previously attained by laparotomy in our institution.
Meniscal Tears in the Athlete: Operative and Nonoperative Management

There are many factors to consider when treating an active individual with a known or suspected meniscal tear. The athlete with a meniscal tear sometimes can return to competition, temporarily delaying surgery until after the season. If an athlete remains symptomatic and is unable to return, however, then arthroscopic surgery generally is effective to allow the athlete to resume participation. The decision of meniscal repair versus excision must be carefully thought out and discussed with the athlete before surgery. Either treatment can allow the athlete to return to their sport. It is controversial whether or not an athlete should be allowed early return to play after meniscal repair. Further prospective randomized studies would provide useful information in deciding which type of treatment and which type of rehabilitation is best suited for the active individual.
Collaborative Media: Production, Consumption, and Design Interventions, by Jonas Löwgren and Bo Reimer

In their 2013 book Collaborative Media, Jonas Lowgren, Professor of Interaction Design, and Bo Reimer, Professor of Media and Communication Studies, both of the School of Arts and Communication at ...
Singly generated algebras containing a compact operator

For an operator T, consider P (T), the norm closed algebra generated by T and the identity operator. The question is, “When does this algebra contain a compact operator?”. The question remains unanswered. However it is shown that the set of all operators such that P (T) contains a compact operator is dense in \(\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})\) and the interior of this set is characterized. If the term “compact operator” is replaced by “finite rank operator” or if P (T) is replaced by the weakly closed or weak-star closed algebra generated by T and the identity, the same results are obtained. Similar questions are raised and answered for other algebras associated with an operator.
Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Current Management and Therapies

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis accounts for 10% of acute pancreatitis (AP) cases and is associated with a higher mortality and morbidity. Necrosis within the first 4 weeks of disease onset is defined as an acute necrotic collection (ANC), while walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) develops after 4 weeks of disease onset. An infected or symptomatic WOPN requires drainage. The management of pancreatic necrosis has shifted away from open necrosectomy, as it is associated with a high morbidity, to less invasive techniques. In this review, we summarize the current management and therapies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
A case study using CRA to teach students with disabilities to count using flexible numbers: Applying skip counting to multiplication

Children who struggle in mathematics have a limited understanding of the foundational processes of mathematics. A lack of conceptual understanding causes students to fall behind as they progress th...
Attraction of Culex mosquitoes to aldehydes from human emanations

Anecdotes related to preferential mosquito bites are very common, but to date there is no complete explanation as to why one out of two people systematically receives more mosquito bites than the other when both are equally accessible. Here we tested the hypothesis that two constituents of skin emanations, 6-methyl-5-heptan-2-one (6-MHO) and geranylacetone (GA), are natural repellents and may account for differential attraction in different ratios. We studied skin emanations from two human subjects, confirmed in behavioral assays that female southern house mosquitoes are significantly more attracted to subject A (attractant) than to subject N (non-attractant), and tested their 6-MHO/GA ratios in a dual-choice olfactometer. Although repelling at high doses, 6-MHO/GA mixtures were not active at the levels emitted by human skin. We found, however, differential attraction elicited by the aldehydes in the ratios produced by subjects A and N. When tested in a dose commensurate with the level released from human skin and in the ratio produced by subject A, the aldehyde mixture significantly attracted mosquitoes. By contrast, an aldehyde mixture at the same ratio released by subject N did not attract mosquitoes. We, therefore, hypothesized that aldehydes may play a role in the commonly observed differential attraction.
Daughter of Venice: Caterina Corner, Queen of Cyprus and Woman of the Renaissance. By Holly S.Hurlburt. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015. Pp. xi, 347. $85.00.) : Book Review

Famous among her contemporaries as well as to modern historians, Caterina Corner's extraordinary biography describes the story of the young bride to the Lusignan king of Cyprus, who was widowed and...
Common Filing Deficiencies in Abbreviated New Drug Applications Containing Clinical Endpoint Studies.

Background:The objective of this report is to summarize common deficiencies identified in the filing reviews of abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) with clinical endpoint bioequivalence studi...
AI recognition of differences among book-length texts

Can an Artificial Intelligence make distinctions among major works of politics, philosophy, and fiction without human assistance? In this paper, latent semantic analysis (LSA) is used to find patterns in a relatively small sample of notable works archived by Project Gutenberg. It is shown that an LSA-equipped AI can distinguish quite sharply between fiction and non-fiction works, and can detect some differences between political philosophy and history, and between conventional fiction and fantasy/science fiction. It is conjectured that this capability is a step in the direction of “M-comprehension” (or “machine comprehension”) by AIs.
Urinary excretion of vitamin B12.

1. Twelve patients, 6 with pernicious anemia and 6 without pernicious anemia as controls, were studied as to urinary excretion of vitamin B12.* 2. Microbiologic tube assay using Lactobacillus leichmanii A.T.C.C. # 4797 was the method of B12 assay. 3. Dosages used were 42.2, 63.3, 84.4, 211.0 µg given both in ascending and descending order at daily intervals. 4. Amounts of 84.4 to 211.0 µg of vitamin B12 parenterally resulted invariably in the excretion of 53 to 68 per cent of the injected vitamin B12 within 18 hours. The percentage of excretion rose remarkably as the dosage increased. 5. An amount of 42.2 µg of vitamin B12 parenterally resulted in relatively little excretion when this was the initial dose, but the excretion was appreciable when these doses followed the injection of the larger doses. "Saturation" of the body apparently occurs. In general more vitamimi B12 is excreted in the smaller doses if these follow the larger doses. 6. No significant differences could be detected between the pernicious anemia and nonpernicious anemia patients. 7. A possible explanation of these results is proposed.
The Text of the Middle View

We have argued that a consequence of the transition from the early to the middle view is the incorporation of three relational categories. We have already seen evidence of this incorporation in the middle Deduction and in the middle Phenomena and Noumena passage. Now we claim that the early Second Analogy text is reworked at the middle stage into a text that topically covers all three relational categories. This text, set out according to topic, is as follows - (i) Substance: A204, B249-A206, B251 (P. 228–229) (ii) Causality: A194, B239-A204, B249 (P. 222–228) (iii) Reciprocal Influence: A214, B261-A215, B262 (P. 236) The discussion of substance thus follows the discussion of causation in the test and so is not yet separated off into a separate (First Analogy) section.1 Further the one paragraph concerning reciprocal influence also was probably not separated out at this time2 and rather just followed the discussion of substance.
Primary Mesenchyme cell Migration in the Sea Urchin Embryo

Coordinated migrations of embryonic cells are a hallmark of metazoan development. At no time during embryogenesis are such cell movements more dramatic than during gastrulation, when the simply structured blastula is reorganized to produce a complex, multilayered embryo. For over a century, the gastrulation movements of the sea urchin embryo have both fascinated and challenged developmental biologists. The external development and optical transparency of these embryos mean that the cellular rearrangements of gastrulation are directly accessible to the experimenter. In addition, methods for raising large numbers of synchronously developing embryos and for isolating specific cell types and extracellular matrices facilitate many cellular and molecular approaches with this experimental system.
Abstract 2806: Inhibition of melanoma development by Isatin analogs

Despite major breakthroughs in melanoma drug development, there remains a need for new drugs and novel approaches. Of the three forms of skin cancer, malignant melanoma has the most significant impact on human health carrying the highest risk of mortality from metastasis. An estimated 87,110 new cases of invasive melanoma will be diagnosed and 9,730 people will die of melanoma in the USA in 2017. Melanoma accounts for less than one percent of skin cancer cases, but the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. The vast majority of melanomas are caused by the sun. In fact, one UK study found that about 86 percent of melanomas can be attributed to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The estimated 5-year survival rate for patients whose melanoma is detected early is about 98 percent in the USA, whereas, the survival rate falls to 62 percent when the disease reaches the lymph nodes, and 18 percent when the disease metastasizes to distant organs. Thus, novel effective therapies are urgently needed to treat this disease. The Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is found as an endogenous molecule in humans and other mammals and its analogs display diverse types of biological activities including anti-cancer activities. Earlier our group synthesized a novel series of 5,7-dibromoisatin analogs. Various melanoma cells were treated with several Isatin derivatives having functional groups like selenocyanate, thiocyanates, thiourea, and selenourea for 72 hours and the cell survival was estimated by MTS assay. Agents were treated with melanoma cell lines UACC 903, 1205 Lu or normal fibroblast cell line FF2441. Treatment with KS99, a thiocyanate analog and KS101, a selenourea analog of 5,7-dibromoisatin effectively killed melanoma cells after 72 h treatment. Overall, IC50 values of Isatin derivatives on melanoma cell lines were 3.0-5.7μM and 2.1-5.7μM, respectively. IC50 value on normal fibroblast cells with these Isatin derivatives was 5.4-20.7μM. KS101 was toxic to the xenograft mice at 1mg/kg body weight, animals developed vein inflammatic symptoms after 20 days of treatment. However, liposomal formulation of KS101 was safe up to 30mg/kg body weight in 1205 xenografted nude mice when treated alternate days by tail vein injection. The melanoma tumor burden was reduced by 47%. We will discuss structural activity relationship (SAR) of Isatin derivatives, and its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects against melanoma. Citation Format: Dhimant H. Desai, Raghvendra Gowda, Krishne Gowda, Saketh S. Dinavahi, Gavin P. Robertson, Shantu G. Amin. Inhibition of melanoma development by Isatin analogs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2806.
Communism in its Malaysian Setting

On September 16, 1963, before a huge crowd in Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Tunku Abdul Rahman, till then prime minister of Malaya, handed the flag of the new Federation of Malaysia to his Army captain son, who slowly hoisted it aloft, marking the birth of Asia’s newest nation. The formation of Malaysia out of the separate political entities of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah (British North Borneo) also marked the overcoming of frequently grave misgivings on the Tunku’s part. But now, with the creation of the Federation having become its premier, Rahman vowed to defend “the sovereignty and independence of Malaysia together with our new brothers” in Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah, “for all time.”1 One hundred and one pigeons were symbolically released from their cages in Merdeka stadium that day, but most of the birds, probably confused by their surroundings, fluttered uncertainly and soon returned to the ground. Not just the superstitious were filled with foreboding that the new state also might be unable to soar aloft. In a little less than two years these forebodings began to be proven true. On August 9, 1965, the state of Singapore, after a prolonged political crisis between its premier Lee Kuan Yew and the Tunku’s own party, left the Malaysian Federation (evicted would perhaps be better word for it), and new, strong secessionist tendencies at once became apparent in Sarawak and Sabah as well.
Crystalloid fluid suspension results in decreased adhesion burden when compared to bioresorbable membranes in a rat model.

Abstract Introduction Adhesion formation represents a major cause of long-term morbidity. Suspension of intra-abdominal contents in fluid medium may effectively prevent adhesion formation. We compare saline hydro-flotation (NS) to hyaluronate bioresorbable membranes (HBM) for adhesion prevention following surgery. Methods Animals were randomized to four groups: sham (no injury, n = 5), control (injury without intervention, n = 5), HBM (n = 20) or 10 cc NS (n = 21). Interventions were administered after standardized surgical trauma to the cecum and abdominal wall. Necropsies at two weeks were completed to compare adhesion burden using a customary scoring algorithm. Results Significant adhesion burden was noted in all rats. HBM sustained a more significant adhesion burden with higher total adhesion scores (HBM = 10 vs NS = 8.1/15, p = 0.02). Gross adhesion scores were lower with NS (5.6/9) compared to HBM (7.1/9, p = 0.01). Neo-vascularity was more common in HBM at 2.6/3 versus 1.9/3 with NS (p = 0.01). Percent of the cecum encased with adhesion was higher with HBM (42%) compared to NS (31%, p = 0.05). Discussion Fluid based anti-adhesion methods should be considered for abdominal adhesion formation prevention.
The Relationship Between Occupational Requirements and SSDI Activity

Evaluations of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) applications are based not just on poor health, but in most cases consider the vocational factors of age, education and work experience to determine whether individuals can work. These criteria indicate that SSDI applicants must not only be in poor health, but in poor health that actually conflicts with the requirements of their occupation (and other occupations). Yet little is known about the relationship between SSDI activity and the ability to meet occupational requirements. This study devises a Health Mismatch Index, which is the share of workers in an occupation citing health-related difficulties in the Survey of Income and Program Participation that would prevent them from performing at least one requirement marked as essential for their occupation in the Occupational Requirement Survey. The results show that the most common difficulties in required abilities that result in health mismatch are lifting 25 lbs., standing for one hour, or hearing well in a conversational setting. Furthermore, occupations with a high Index have lower earnings, are more exposed to hazardous environments, and place less emphasis on high performance and problem-solving. Jobs with higher rates of workers who experience at least one difficulty with a job requirement have a higher share of workers receiving SSDI benefits within a 16-month period. Although the share of the population receiving SSDI increased from 1997 to 2010, the Index fell from 7.4 to 6.1 percent, suggesting that the increase could have been higher if not for the decline in health mismatch.
Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. 93. A Solution for the Historic Problem of Regioselective Sugar−Base Coupling To Produce 9-Glycosylguanines or 7-Glycosylguanines1

Per(trimethylsilyl)-2-N-acylguanine derivatives and tetra-O-acylpentofuranoses were coupled [tin(IV) chloride or titanium(IV) chloride catalysis] to give predominant formation of 7-glycosylguanines. With TiCl4, a fortuitous organic/aqueous partitioning allowed isolation of 7-glycosylguanines from the 7/9 isomer mixtures. Per(trimethylsilyl)-2-N-acyl-6-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)guanine derivatives and tetra-O-acylpentofuranoses underwent regioselective coupling (trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate catalysis) to give 9-glycosylguanines. The 6-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)peracyl-9-β-d-ribofuranosyl isomer was shown to be both the kinetic and thermodynamic coupling product. Deprotection of all of the peracyl coupling products was effected under mild conditions to give good to high yields of guanine nucleoside analogues. These methodologies provide solutions for the regioselective synthesis of 7- and 9-glycosylguanine nucleosides.
Why Didn’t You Ever Call Me?

“Dr. George!” my patient yelled across the sidewalk as we all filed out of our office building as the fire alarm blared in the background. She came hurtling at me, as fast as she could move her 400 pounds of body. “Why didn’t you ever call me?” I could see heads turn and stare. Tears were streaming down her face as I focused all of my energy on keeping an even tone and calm voice while secretly wishing I could melt into the crowd and have a security backup. I gently informed her that I did indeed get the encounter from the nurses saying she’d called, but it had only been a couple hours, and I had been seeing other patients that day. I sat her down and we talked about what was going on. She still had a headache, something that had been persistent for some time that started after her last boyfriend had hit her. She was on her way to the emergency room (ER) to get checked out again, and I couldn’t convince her otherwise.
What Lies at the Heart of Photobiomodulation: Light, Cytochrome C Oxidase, and Nitric Oxide-Review of the Evidence.

Objective: The underlying mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM) remain elusive. The most attractive hypotheses revolve around the role of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and cellular energetics. Backgr...
Minimizing Glucose Excursions (GEM) With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study aimed to compare conventional medication management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to medication management in conjunction with a lifestyle intervention using continuous glucose monitoring to minimize glucose excursions. Thirty adults (63% female; mean age, 53.3 years) who were diagnosed with T2D for less than 11 years (mean, 5.6 years), had glycated A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (51 mmol/mol) (mean 8.8%, [73 mmol/mol]), and were not using insulin, were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to routine care (RC) or 4 group sessions of glycemic excursion minimization plus real-time CGM (GEMCGM). Assessments at baseline and 5 months included a physical exam, metabolic and lipid panels, a review of diabetes medications, and psychological questionnaires. For the week following assessments, participants wore a blinded activity monitor and completed 3 days of 24-hour dietary recall. A subgroup also wore a blinded CGM. GEMCGM participants significantly improved HbA1c (from 8.9% to 7.6% [74-60 mmol/mol] compared with 8.8% to 8.7% [73-72 mmol/mol] for RC (P = .03). Additionally, GEMCGM reduced the need for diabetes medication (P = .01), reduced carbohydrate consumption (P = .009), and improved diabetes knowledge (P = .001), quality of life (P = .01) and diabetes distress (P = .02), and trended to more empowerment (P = .05) without increasing dietary fat, lipids, or hypoglycemia. Confirming our prior research, GEMCGM appears to be a safe, effective lifestyle intervention option for adults with suboptimally controlled T2D who do not take insulin.
Disciplining empathy: Differences in empathy with U.S. medical students by college major.

Citing their students’ low levels of empathy, medical educators have scrambled to implement curricula with the hopes of buffering against the corrosive effects of biomedical and clinical experience...
Frequency of Predisposing factors and first choice of treatment for headache

Background: Headache being one of the most common disorder worldwide is considered among the 10 most disabling conditions for men and women according to World Health Organization(WHO).When it comes to the causative factors that can cause headaches and why some group of patients are more prone towards developing these headaches ,we have identified several risk factors. Also there are several self-adopted remedial treatments used by the people for headaches as it is considered a secondary condition. Aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of predisposing factors and First choice of treatment for headache. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from June-November 2014. A sample of 500 participants was conscripted through purposive non-probability sampling technique. The particulars of predisposing factors and first choice of treatment were documented through a self-structured questionnaire and data was analyzed through SPSS 21. Results: Study illustrates that most of the participants belonged to age group 21 to 40 years that is 62.6%. The pain severity was recorded (46%), (43%) and (10%) for mild, moderate and severe pain correspondingly. Most participants in this study have headache which is intensified by anxiety (42.4%), inadequate sleep (25%) and tiredness (17%) and most prevalent first choice of treatment used by the participants were NSAIDs (46%) and proper sleep (31%) while rare were herbal remedies and wrap of cloth around head (2.6%) and (2.4 %) correspondingly. Conclusion: In this cross sectional survey based study we conclude that people with stress and inadequate sleep are most likely to experience headache in our population, and are using NSAIDS commonly to relief the pain followed by catching up on sleep. Key words: Headache Disorders, Tension Type Headache, Cluster Headache, Risk factors, First line-intervention
Computers, Visualization, and History: How New Technology Will Transform Our Understanding of the Past

(2003). Computers, Visualization, and History: How New Technology Will Transform Our Understanding of the Past. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 129-129.
Quasigeostrophic Motion of a Stratified Fluid on a Sphere

In Chapter 1 it was noted that variations in density which arise from the differential heating of the atmosphere and oceans are responsible for the circulations of both systems. Even the wind-driven oceanic circulation implicitly requires atmospheric buoyancy forces to produce the wind. In addition, the presence of a stable stratification in which heavier fluid underlies lighter, characteristic of both the atmosphere and the oceans, inhibits vertical motion and strongly affects the nature of the dynamics. It is also clear from the discussion in Section 2.9 that the vertical structure of the winds and currents is directly related to the presence and strength of horizontal density gradients by the thermal wind relation.
Modeling oscillations and spiral waves in Dictyostelium populations.

Unicellular organisms exhibit elaborate collective behaviors in response to environmental cues. These behaviors are controlled by complex biochemical networks within individual cells and coordinated through cell-to-cell communication. Describing these behaviors requires new mathematical models that can bridge scales---from biochemical networks within individual cells to spatially structured cellular populations. Here we present a family of ``multiscale'' models for the emergence of spiral waves in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Our models exploit new experimental advances that allow for the direct measurement and manipulation of the small signaling molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) used by Dictyostelium cells to coordinate behavior in cellular populations. Inspired by recent experiments, we model the Dictyostelium signaling network as an excitable system coupled to various preprocessing modules. We use this family of models to study spatially unstructured populations of ``fixed'' cells by constructing phase diagrams that relate the properties of population-level oscillations to parameters in the underlying biochemical network. We then briefly discuss an extension of our model that includes spatial structure and show how this naturally gives rise to spiral waves. Our models exhibit a wide range of novel phenomena. including a density-dependent frequency change, bistability, and dynamic death due to slow cAMP dynamics. Our modeling approach provides a powerful tool for bridging scales in modeling of Dictyostelium populations.
Electron capture by simple ions

Publisher Summary Electron-capture collisions are important in plasmas where capture by singly as well as multiply charged ions generally occurs to excited levels, which subsequently decay by radiation emission resulting in energy losses by the system. The capture channels must be included in modeling astrophysical problems and also in addressing a large number of chemical processes because these channels strongly compete with the reactive scattering. Electron capture is generally investigated experimentally by: (1) the energy dependence of the total cross section; (2)the probability of electron capture (or charge exchange) as a function of scattering angle at fixed energy or as a function of energy at a fixed scattering angle; (3) the doubly differential cross section for excitation of a particular outgoing channel; (4) the optical-emission cross section as a function of energy; (5) photon-scattered atom coincidence measurements; and (6) analysis of recoiling target ions or dissociation fragment. Furthermore, the electron-capture processes primarily yield dissociating (or predissociating) states of the molecular ion leading to the production of recoil atoms and atomic ions. In collision systems where a quasi-resonant channel is available the cross section for electron capture is large and the quasi-resonant channel is dominant in the small-angle exchange scattering.
Constitutive Modeling of Viscoplastic Damage in Solder Material

This paper presents a constitutive modeling of viscoplastic damage in 63Sn-37Pb solder material taking into account the effects of micro-structural change in grain coarsening. Based on the theory of damage mechanics, a two-scalar damage model is developed by introducing the damage variables and the free energy equivalence principle. An inelastic potential function based on the concept of inelastic damage energy release rate is proposed and used to derive an inelastic damage evolution equation.
Asplund spaces, the Radon-Nikodym property and optimization

In this section we are going to look at a duality relationship between Asplund spaces and spaces with the Radon-Nikodym property. Roughly speaking, a Banach space E or, more generally, a closed convex subset C of E, is said to have the Radon-Nikodym property (RNP) if the classical Radon-Nikodym theorem (on the representation of absolutely continuous measures in terms of integrals) is valid for vector-valued measures whose “average range” is contained in C. This property has been characterized in purely geometrical terms (which is the basis of the definition we use below). For the extraordinarily wide range of connections between the RNP and various parts of integration theory, operator theory and convexity, one should read the 1977 survey by Diestel and Uhl [Di-U] and, for more recent results (1983) the comprehensive lecture notes by Bourgin [Bou].
Substitution-Inert Metal Complex Mobile Phases in Non-Suppressed Cation Chromatography

Substitution-inert metal complexes, [Co(edda)(H2O)2]+, (Co(edda)(en)]+, [Co(edda)(dmen)]+, [Co(en)2-(gly)]2+, [Co(en)2(acac)]2+, and [Co(trien)(gly)]2+ in their nitrate salt solutions are used as eluents in nonsuppressed cation chromatography (where edda = ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, en = ethylenediamine, dmen = N,N′-dime-thylethylenediamine, gly = glycine, acac = acetylacetone, and trien = triethylenetetraamine). It is found that all the mono- and di-valent charged complexes can be used to separate alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, respectively. The separations for monovalent cations are sometimes comparable to those using ultrapure HNO3 solutions. However, the divalent Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions cannot be resolved using the metal complex eluents. On the other hand, a selected, direct non-suppressed IC separation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions is demonstrated for the first time using a substitution-inert metal complex eluent and a conductivity detector. Comparisons of these eluents with those reported previously, i. e. HNO3 and ethylenediammonium salt solution are made and explanations are proposed to account for the different selectivities observed where possible. The future development of this technique is also briefly discussed.