cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All My Sons: Arthur Miller’s Sky Play in Light of Søren Kierkegaard’s Either/Or

Although Arthur Miller’s All My Sons raises the issue of reasons to believe that God exists, the issue of taking responsibility for one’s own actions emerges as the primary idea in the play. Kate tells her son Chris: “God does not let a son be killed by his father” (68). She believes that if God exists “Your brother’s alive, darling,” she says, “because if he’s dead, your father killed him.” However, as we will see, Miller’s play ultimately promotes taking responsibility for our own actions because we must love all humanity, not just one’s own immediate family. An analysis of the play via Soren Kierkegaard’s Either/Or helps understand the other-orientation theme—both in Kierkegaard’s agreement with Miller and in his disagreements. And sky references provide a virtual umbrella which shelters the play’s theme: the theme of painfully taking responsibility while loving one’s fellow human.
ARE FOXALL'S INTENTIONS GOOD?

Foxall's argument that behavioristic and intentional approaches should be hybridized rests on his views about the inability of a behavioristic position to deal with several features of behavior, including its continuity through time. My commentary suggests that Foxall's reservations about the inadequacies of a behavioristic position are overstated. A behavioristic approach can incorporate many of the features of behavior said to embody intention. However, the radical-behavioristic approach to the continuity of behavior through time is highly unconventional, permitting provisional temporal gaps in cause-effect sequences.
EVIDENCE FOR A $pi$eta RESONANCE AT 970 MeV PRODUCED IN K$sup -$p $Yields$ $lambda$$pi$$sup +$$pi$$sup -$MM AT 3.9, 4.6, AND 5.0 GeV/c.

Evidence is presented for the existence of a boson resonance ($\ensuremath{\delta}$) with $M=970\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ MeV and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}l~50$ MeV produced in the reaction ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}(1385){\ensuremath{\delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\ensuremath{\delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$. By studying the ${\ensuremath{\delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ produced in association with ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}(1385)$, we are able to rule out possible kinematic effects as a source of the enhancement in our data. We give upper limits to other decay modes such as $2\ensuremath{\pi}$, $3\ensuremath{\pi}$, and $K\overline{K}$.
Monotone and weakly confluent set-valued functions and their inverse limits

Abstract We present definitions for monotonicity and weak confluence for upper semi-continuous, set-valued functions that generalize those definitions for continuous, single-valued functions. We demonstrate that if the bonding functions of an inverse sequence are monotone (weakly confluent), then various projection maps from the inverse limit will be monotone (weakly confluent) as well. We use this to show two main results for inverse limits on [ 0 , 1 ] . First, if f j : [ 0 , 1 ] → 2 [ 0 , 1 ] is monotone for each j ∈ N , then lim ← f j is locally connected. Second, if f j : [ 0 , 1 ] → 2 [ 0 , 1 ] is weakly confluent for each j ∈ N , we establish a sufficient condition for lim ← f j to contain an indecomposable continuum.
Thoreau’s Walden : The Pro-Vocation of Fire

We begin with a proposition — somewhere between tautology and contradiction as Wittgenstein explains1 — although the contour of this essay immediately seeks to move beyond it, inhabiting the boundary of the limiting cases themselves. The proposition is itself circular: “world” is but another name for “discourse.”2 We wish to understand how it is (possible) that a word creates a world (and world creates word as well), how the text ceaselessly recommences this reversible figure-ground relation. We attempt a way into the circle itself. It is a question of entrance: how do I begin the text called Walden? — or better, how does Walden inaugurate me? As with any embarkation, it sets out from a region which is always already also a place of departure, a threshold: a border between inside and out, a liminal space which secures me, which entrances me and ex(c)it(e)s me at once — a passage where something “takes place,” where something situates itself so that it might happen or “come to pass,” a passage wherefrom I gaze both before and behind the glance which is itself self-regarding.3 With Thoreau, we want extravagance to make a place for this extra-ordinary “shape” of nomination: “I fear chiefly lest my expression may not be extra-vagant enough, may not wander far enough beyond the narrow limits of my daily experience, so as to be adequate to the truth of which I have been convinced.
Active Learning Techniques in the Christian Education Classroom and in Ministry Contexts

This article presents results of an ongoing mixed method study involving doctoral students' perceptions of the use of Active Learning Techniques (ALTs) in both the on-campus classroom and in their ...
Self‐assembled, ellipsoidal polymeric nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of therapeutics

Nanoparticle shape has emerged as a key regulator of nanoparticle transport across physiological barriers, intracellular uptake, and biodistribution. We report a facile approach to synthesize ellipsoidal nanoparticles through self-assembly of poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PGS-co-PEG). The PGS-PEG nanoparticle system is highly tunable, and the semiaxis length of the nanoparticles can be modulated by changing PGS-PEG molar ratio and incorporating therapeutics. As both PGS and PEG are highly biocompatible, the PGS-co-PEG nanoparticles show high hemo-, immuno-, and cytocompatibility. Our data suggest that PGS-co-PEG nanoparticles have the potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications including regenerative medicine, stem cell engineering, immune modulation, and cancer therapeutics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2048-2058, 2018.
Predictors of leadership skills of Pennsylvanian youth

This study was designed to understand the factors contributing to the development of youth leaders. A descriptive correlational study was conducted to reach this goal, and a mixed method approach w...
Descriptive vs mechanistic scientific approach to study wound healing and its inhibition: Is there a value of translational research involving human subjects?

The clinical field of wound healing is challenged by numerous hurdles. Not only are wound-healing disorders complex and multifactorial, but the corresponding patient population is diverse, often elderly and burdened by multiple comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The care of such patients requires a dedicated, multidisciplinary team of physicians, surgeons, nurses and scientists. In spite of the critical clinical need, it has been over 15 years since a treatment received approval for efficacy by the FDA in the United States. Among the reasons contributing to this lack of effective new treatment modalities is poor understanding of mechanisms that inhibit healing in patients. Additionally, preclinical models do not fully reflect the disease complexity of the human condition, which brings us to a paradox: if we are to use a “mechanistic” approach that favours animal models, we can dissect specific mechanisms using advanced genetic, molecular and cellular technologies, with the caveat that it may not be directly applicable to patients. Traditionally, scientific review panels, for either grant funding or manuscript publication purposes, favour such “mechanistic” approaches whereby human tissue analyses, deemed “descriptive” science, are characterized as a “fishing expedition” and are considered “fatally flawed.” However, more emerging evidence supports the notion that the use of human samples provides significant new knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control wound healing and contribute to inhibition of the process in patients. Here, we discuss the advances, benefits and challenges of translational research in wound healing focusing on human subject research.
Recent Results in Type Theory and Their Relationship to Automath

The notion of a telescope is basic to Automath’s theory structure; telescopes provide the context for theorems. A dependent record type is an internal version of a telescope and is used in to define theories. This paper shows how A. Kopylov defines these record types in terms of dependent intersections, a new type constructor.
Assessment of Costs in Open Microsurgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas.

Objective Understanding costs of microsurgical or radiosurgical treatment of intracranial meningioma may offer direction in reducing health care costs and establishing cost-effective algorithms. We used the Value Driven Outcomes database, which identifies cost drivers and tracks changes over time, to evaluate cost drivers for management of intracranial meningioma. Methods A single-center, retrospective cohort of patients undergoing microsurgery or radiosurgery of intracranial meningiomas from July 2011 to April 2017 was analyzed. Patient and tumor characteristics, subcategory costs, and potential cost drivers were analyzed within each treatment modality. Results Of 268 intracranial meningiomas, 198 were treated with microsurgery and 70 with stereotactic radiosurgery. Facility costs were the largest contributor to total costs for microsurgery (59.7%), whereas imaging costs were the largest contributor to stereotactic radiosurgery total costs (98.2%). Patients with non–skull base tumors had larger tumors (3.7 ± 1.9 cm vs. 2.7 ± 1.2 cm, P = 0.0001) and were more likely to undergo microsurgery (81.7% vs. 55.2%) than patients with skull base tumors. Univariate analysis suggested that American Society of Anesthesiologists status, length of stay, discharge disposition, and maximal tumor size impacted cost during microsurgery (P = 0.001), but only length of stay (P = 0.0001) and maximal tumor size (P = 0.01) were drivers of total costs on multivariate analysis. For radiosurgery, age significantly affected cost on univariate (P = 0.001) and multivariate (P = 0.003) analysis. Conclusions Implementing protocols to reduce facility usage and imaging would mitigate total costs and improve resource utilization while maintaining high-quality patient care. Additional cost-effectiveness studies evaluating patients with true therapeutic equipoise will provide further guidance in these efforts.
Multiplex Biomarker Screening Assay for Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Study: A Targeted Label-Free Proteomic Approach

The recent advance in targeted label-free proteomics, SWATH-MS, can provide consistent protein detection and reproducible protein quantitation, which is a considerable advantage for biomarker study of urinary extracellular vesicles. We developed a SWATH-MS workflow with a curated spectral library of 1,145 targets. Application of the workflow across nine replicates of three sample types (exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), microvesicles (MVs) and urine proteins (UPs)) resulted in the quantitation of 888 proteins at FDR <1%. The median-coefficient of variation of the 888 proteins in the ELV sample was 7.7%, indicating excellent reproducibility. Data analysis showed common exosome markers, (i.e. CD9, CD63, ALIX, TSG101 and HSP70) were enriched in urinary ELVs as compared to MVs and UPs. The use of a multiplex biomarker screening assay focused on ELVs was investigated, and perspectives in future applications are discussed.
An Energy-Efficient Secure Adaptive Cloud-of-Things (CoT) Framework to Facilitate Undergraduate STEM Education

This paper presents an adaptive framework (web application) that supports secure, end-to-end Internet of Things (IoT) sensing architecture, which includes loosely coupled set of components with well-defined interfaces that can be adapted to a wide range of uses. Moreover, the framework was adopted in a Computer Science (CS) Fog computing course to get formal evaluation by undergraduate students. IoT has emerged as a new network paradigm, involving connecting physical world through sensors (temperature, humidity, intensity, etc.) to the Internet, to provide opportunities for building intelligent systems and applications. There are a few notable characteristics of today's IoT systems that serve as impediments for greater adoption. First, the common, well-documented platform that spans end-to-end, and which can cover a multitude of practical uses, is still missing. The second impediment is the lack of standard energy-efficient platform. Third, with the growing deployment of IoT devices, the attack vector for possible exploitation increases, which dictates an increase in the ongoing cost to ensure Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability triad. In this project, we propose the solution to address these impediments. The proposed framework makes it economical and easy to adapt to (e.g. to learn and to support). The next benefit comes with the use of environment harvesting equipment (solar cell, in-line hydro-generators, thermoelectric cells, etc.) and use of energy efficient coding methods, including security and communication provisions. Overall, the project successfully integrates Amazon Cloud technologies, Raspberry-Pi and Arduino embedded systems using energy-harvesting technologies, secure communication using government standards, and highly available network of nodes using wireless technology into a Cloud-of-Things (CoF).The methodology allows a myriad IoT devices connected to the Internet to be easily monitored and manipulated through the implemented web application. On the other hand, since few dedicated IoT courses are currently offered, most Science, technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students will have limited or no exposure to IoT development until after graduation, and inadequately prepared in IoT development to enter into the workforce. Therefore, the implemented framework was introduced in a CS special topic course to get comments and formal evaluations from undergraduate STEM students. An outline of a well-developed courseware is presented in the paper. The courseware is evaluated through survey questions. The majority of the students provided positive feedback and enjoyed the IoT framework.
The Changing Face of Liver Transplantation in the United States: The Effect of HCV Antiviral Eras on Transplantation Trends and Outcomes.

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States, although nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is on the rise. Increasingly effective HCV antivirals are available, but their association with diagnosis-specific liver transplantation rates and early graft survival is not known. Methods The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database records were retrospectively stratified by HCV antiviral era: interferon (2003-2010), protease inhibitors (2011-2013), and direct-acting antivirals (2014 to present). Kaplan-Meier, χ2, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated the effects of antiviral era and etiology of liver disease on transplantation rates and graft survival over 3 years. Results Liver transplants for HCV decreased (35.3% to 23.6%), whereas those for NASH and alcoholic liver disease increased (5.8% to 16.5% and 15.6% to 24.0%) with each advancing era (all P < 0.05). Early graft survival improved with each advancing era for HCV but not for hepatitis B virus, NASH, or alcoholic liver disease (multivariable model era by diagnosis interaction P < 0.001). Era-specific multivariable models demonstrated that the risk of early graft loss for NASH was 22% lower than for HCV in the interferon era (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.96; P = 0.02) but risks associated with these diagnoses did not differ significantly in the protease inhibitor (P = 0.06) or direct-acting antiviral eras (P = 0.08). Conclusions Increasing effectiveness of HCV antivirals corresponds with decreased rates of liver transplantation for HCV and improved early graft survival. As the rates of liver transplant for NASH continue to increase, focus will be needed on the prevention and effective therapies for this disease.
“We” Before “Me”: Differences in Usage of Collectivistic and Individualistic Language Influence Judgments of Electability and Performance

Objectives Older adults are often judged to be warm, but not competent, which contradicts their representation in positions of authority. This study sought to extend evidence of age differences in more individualistic (e.g., "I") and collectivistic (e.g., "we") language and explore their impact on judgments of performance and electability. Method Speeches from young and older adults who campaigned for a fictitious position were analyzed using Linguistic and Inquiry Word Count Software. Words fitting specified categories (e.g., pronouns, affect) were compared to outcome judgments obtained from trained coders on the dimensions of performance and electability. Results Older adults used significantly more "we"-language. Young adults used more "I"-language, and more positive affect, achievement, and power language. Language choices and coder judgments were associated such that the more "I"-language that was used during the speech, the less electable the candidate was judged. This relationship was not found for "we"-language. Discussion This study found no evidence for collectivistic language enhancing ratings of electability or performance; however, an age-invariable, negative relationship was obtained between increased individualistic language and reduced coder judgments of electability. This suggests that speakers should minimize "I"-statements to promote electability, a characteristic that is reflected more in older adults' speeches than young.
Singularity-Element Simulation of Crack Propagation

Finite-element simulations of rapid crack propagation are presented. An earlier analysis of a crack extending in an infinite body is reviewed, and an unsuccessful attempt to take advantage of a crack-tip singularity element is discussed. Plausible stress-intensity factors are obtained for both constant speed and accelerating cracks in finite sheets; the results are compared to those obtained by other investigators.
Manipulating elastic waves in real time with programmable metasurfaces (Conference Presentation)

Real-time manipulating elastic waves in solid materials is crucial for several applications ranging from active noise and vibration cancellation to inverse methods aiming to either reveal or dissimulate the presence of foreign bodies. Here, we introduce a programmable elastic metasurface with sensing-and-actuating units following feedback control loops. The active units governed by local transfer functions encoded into a digital controller and offering highly flexible and independent phase and amplitude engineering of both transmitted and reflected waves. Through numerical and experimental demonstrations, the programmable metasurface can be a perfect absorber with flexural waves incident from left to right and a perfect transparent mirror with flexural waves incident from right to left. Various other significant demonstrations include steering transmitted (reflected) waves without reflection (transmission) and simultaneously control in both transmitted and reflected domains. Finally, we unveil the relations of the programmable elastic metasurface with nonreciprocity to an effective Willis medium. The design will pave a new efficient way in the field of manipulating of elastic waves.
La globalización amenaza los derechos laborales

?Son las transformaciones politicas, economicas y culturales de nuestro tiempo nuevas formas y hasta mas intensivas de globalizacion?
Validation of the Sexual Experience Survey-Short Form Revised Using Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women's Narratives of Sexual Violence.

Lesbian and bisexual women have high rates of sexual violence compared to heterosexual women, yet prevalence rates vary widely across studies. The Sexual Experience Survey-Short Form Revised (SES-SFV) is the most commonly used method of measuring sexual assault and rape prevalence, but it has not been validated in this high-risk population of lesbian and bisexual women. The current study assessed a modified form of the SES-SFV utilizing a five-step, mixed-methods approach. Women (N = 1382) who identified as lesbian (31%), bisexual (32%), and heterosexual (31%) completed an online survey disseminated through Qualtrics Online Survey Company to a national audience. All types of non-consensual behaviors (non-penetrative, oral, vaginal, and anal) and nearly all perpetration tactics in the original SES-SFV emerged inductively in our qualitative data. Using quantitative data, lesbian and bisexual victims endorsed each perpetration tactic in the SES-SFV at comparable rates to heterosexual victims. SES-SFV’s false-positive categorization was minimal. However, the original SES-SFV did not capture some common experiences that participants described in their open-ended narratives. The SES-SFV satisfactorily assesses sexual assault and rape experiences in lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women. Possible additions and deletions to the SES-SFV are presented alongside discussion of managing comprehensiveness and participant fatigue.
First Report of Tar Spot of Corn Caused by Phyllachora maydis in Minnesota

Tar spot, caused by Phyllachora maydis Maubl., can be a significant disease of corn (Zea mays L.). Commercial corn hybrids with typical signs and symptoms of tar spot were observed and collected in fields from Fillmore and Winona Counties, Minnesota, in late September and early October 2019. The disease in Fillmore County appeared to be focused in one area of the field about 10 m in diameter with incidence estimated at 90% and severity on individual leaves at and above the ear ranging from 1 to 34%. The field in Winona County had leaves with a similar level of severity on field edges. Signs and symptoms on the epidermis of leaves in both fields consisted of small black, raised, circular stroma (0.5 to 4 mm), primarily on the upper surfaces of leaves. All lesions were assessed, and less than 3% of tar spots were associated with fisheye lesions or chlorotic halos. Microscopic examination of the stroma from both locations revealed asci and oval to ovoid, hyaline ascospores of characteristic size and appearance for P. maydis as described by Parbery (1967). Specifically, 40 randomly selected stroma were dissected from the Fillmore County sample, and ascospores within had an average length of 9.8 μm and width of 6.6 μm. Identity of the stroma from samples in both counties was further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from stroma, and a portion of the RNA gene (491 bases) was amplified by PCR using ITS4/ITS5 or ITS1F/ITS4 primers (White et al. 1990). The sequence similarity using BLASTN for all samples was 96 to 100% for four accessions of P. maydis (NCBI GenBank accessions MG881846.1, MG881847.1, KU184459.1, and MK184990.1). Due to the biotrophic, obligate nature of P. maydis, Koch’s postulates were not conducted (Parbery 1967). This confirms for the first time that tar spot of corn caused by P. maydis occurs in Minnesota. These results document an increased distribution of tar spot in the United States since it was first found in 2015 (Ruhl et al. 2016), which includes at least two counties in Minnesota, where it could cause significant economic losses for corn producers.
The ecological effects of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) invasion: a synthesis

Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) is a deciduous to evergreen shrub with an expansive nonnative global range. Control costs are often high, so land managers must carefully consider whether the plant's potential negative effects warrant active management. To help facilitate this decision-making process, we reviewed and synthesized the literature on the potential ecological effects of L. sinense invasion. We also identified research gaps in need of further study. We found ample evidence of negative relationships between L. sinense invasion and native plant communities. While observational studies are not able to confirm whether L. sinense is driving these relationships, experimental evidence suggests that there is a cause–effect relationship. Of particular concern is the possibility that L. sinense could suppress forest regeneration and cause areas to transition from forest to L. sinense–dominated shrublands. Although this outcome would obviously impact a wide variety of wildlife species, empirical evidence of negative effects of L. sinense on wildlife are limited, and some species may actually benefit from the additional cover and foraging opportunities that L. sinense can provide. Further research on the potential effects of L. sinense invasion on large-scale forest structure and wildlife populations is needed. In areas where L. sinense invasion is a concern, evidence suggests early detection and management can mitigate control costs.
Impact of the corpus luteum on survival of the developing embryo and early pregnancy in mares

It has been more than a hundred years that studies aiming to elucidate the processes involved in cyclicity and pregnancy pointed out the requirement of ovaries and corpora lutea for embryo survival and pregnancy establishment. For horses, luteal progesterone is essential for pregnancy only during the first trimester. This progestational support is complex among domestic animals as ovarian luteal function is further enhanced by the LH-action role of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) starting ∼ on Day 35 of pregnancy. Increased eCG secretion leads to the formation of supplementary corpora lutea resulting from follicles that luteinize (accessory corpora lutea) or ovulate (secondary corpora lutea), thus increasing concentrations of blood progesterone. Physiological details of progesterone-driven embryo-maternal interactions continue to be elucidated. In recent years, researchers studying the transcriptomes and secretomes of uterine tubes, endometrium and early embryo provided insight into the composition of molecular and cellular events that enable embryo survival and remodeling of the endometrium before a functional placenta is formed. Aluteal pregnancy models have also shown that while fertilization and early embryo development until the early blastocyst stage can occur under a progesterone-deprived environment, dysregulation of important pregnancy-related genes occur; embryo development is compromised unless progestin supplementation is provided once the embryo arrives into the uterus. As the body of knowledge on embryo-maternal interactions in the horse continues to grow, a fact remains true: luteal support is essential for embryo survival mainly at the uterine stage, driving directly or indirectly gene expression that promotes adequate embryo-maternal physiological interactions until a full competent placenta is formed, resulting in optimal chances of delivering a live foal at term.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics during mucosal inflammation: a view from broken epithelial barriers

Disruption of epithelial barriers is a key pathogenic event of mucosal inflammation: It ignites the exaggerated immune response and accelerates tissue damage. Loss of barrier function is attributed to the abnormal structure and permeability of epithelial adherens junctions and tight junctions, driven by inflammatory stimuli through a variety of cellular mechanisms. This review focuses on roles of the actin cytoskeleton in mediating disruption of epithelial junctions and creation of leaky barriers in inflamed tissues. We summarize recent advances in understanding the role of cytoskeletal remodeling driven by actin filament turnover and myosin II-dependent contractility in the homeostatic regulation of epithelial barriers and barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We also discuss how the altered biochemical and physical environment of the inflamed tissues could affect the dynamics of the junction-associated actomyosin cytoskeleton, leading to the disruption of epithelial barriers.
Attitudes on pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatric patients with treatment‐resistant depression

Background Novel technologies make it possible to incorporate pharmacogenetic testing into the medical management of depression. However, previous studies indicate that there may be a subset of subjects who have concerns about genetic testing and may be psychologically vulnerable. If so, pharmacogenetic testing in depressed subjects could negatively impact their mental health and undermine treatment goals. Methods In this study, we developed a standardized instrument to assess motivations and attitudes around pharmacogenetic testing in a cohort of 170 depressed Veterans participating in a multi-center clinic trial. Results Testing reveals that subjects were largely positive about the use of genetic testing to guide pharmacological treatment and help plan their future. Most subjects showed only modest concerns about the impact on family, inability to cope with the results, and fear of discrimination. The severity of depression did not predict the concern expressed about negative outcomes. However, non-Caucasian subjects were more likely on average to endorse concerns about poor coping and fear of discrimination. Conclusions These data indicate that while the overall risk is modest, some patients with depression may face psychosocial challenges in the context of pharmacogenetic testing. Future work should identify factors that predict distress and aim to tailor test results to different populations.
The role of PTSD symptom clusters and criterion in predicting future high-risk drug and alcohol use among returning veteran men and women.

The prevalence of co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) remains exceptionally high among returning veterans, with numerous studies linking PTSD, but not specific PTSD symptoms, to future SUD risk. Further explication of PTSD symptom effects on future SUD risk will likely promote intervention development and refinement while offsetting SUD risk. Accordingly, In this study we explored the prospective associations between PTSD symptom clusters, symptoms, and future SUD risk and use of specific drug classes. Returning veterans (N = 1,295; Mage = 42.3, SD = 9.89; 51% female; 66.8% White) completed structured diagnostic interviews to assess PTSD symptoms and self-report measures of substance use 14-36 months later (M = 24.59, SD = 2.97). Hyperarousal and reckless/self-destructive symptoms specifically predicted future high-risk drug use and binge drinking behavior, and avoidance of internal stimuli (i.e., of trauma memories, thoughts, and feelings) differentiated individuals classified as high-risk for alcohol use based on their AUDIT total score. Further, negative alterations in cognition and mood predicted future opioid (i.e., nightmares) and stimulant use (i.e., flashbacks), whereas concentration difficulties were inversely associated with future binge drinking. This longitudinal study identified prospective and enduring associations between specific PTSD symptom clusters, symptoms, and future high-risk substance use patterns among returning veterans. Accordingly, careful assessment of specific PTSD criteria and differential motivations for substance use is warranted, along with tailored interventions to offset risk for opioid, stimulant, and alcohol use among returning veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Comparison of Antibody Levels in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Type in a Midwestern Cohort

We present preliminary data in an ongoing observational study reporting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reactive antibody levels from a convenience cohort of over 200 individuals in Kansas City. We observe stable antibody levels over a year in individuals who recovered from COVID19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Our data revealed higher-than recovered levels from naive individuals vaccinated with Pfizer or Moderna vaccines and similar-to recovered levels from Johnson & Johnson (J&J) recipients. For all vaccines, inoculation after recovery resulted in higher antibody levels than vaccination alone. Responses to Pfizer and Moderna vaccines decreased over time from high initial levels but at the time of publication remain higher than those for recovered or J&J recipients. Within our limited cohort we only see slight demographic trends including higher antibody levels in recovered female vs. male individuals. Booster doses and breakthrough infections both result in rapid increases in antibody levels.
Reducing Poverty-Related Disparities in Cervical Cancer: The Role of HPV Vaccination.

Background: Near elimination of cervical cancer in the United States is possible in coming decades, yet inequities will delay this achievement for some populations. We sought to explore the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on disparities in cervical cancer incidence between high- and low-poverty U.S. counties. Methods: We calibrated a dynamic simulation model of HPV infection to reflect average counties in the highest and lowest quartile of poverty (percent of population below federal poverty level), incorporating data on HPV prevalence, cervical cancer screening, and HPV vaccination. We projected cervical cancer incidence through 2070, estimated absolute and relative disparities in incident cervical cancer for high- versus low-poverty counties, and compared incidence with the near-elimination target (4 cases/100,000 women annually). Results: We estimated that, on average, low-poverty counties will achieve near-elimination targets 14 years earlier than high-poverty counties (2029 vs. 2043). Absolute disparities by county poverty will decrease, but relative differences are estimated to increase. We estimate 21,604 cumulative excess cervical cancer cases in high-poverty counties over the next 50 years. Increasing HPV vaccine coverage nationally to the Healthy People 2020 goal (80%) would reduce excess cancer cases, but not alter estimated time to reach the near-elimination threshold. Conclusions: High-poverty U.S. counties will likely be delayed in achieving near-elimination targets for cervical cancer and as a result will experience thousands of potentially preventable cancers. Impact: Alongside vaccination efforts, it is important to address the role of social determinants and health care access in driving persistent inequities by area poverty.
Responding to children’s mathematical thinking in the moment: an emerging framework of teaching moves

This case study contributes to efforts to characterize teaching that is responsive to children’s mathematical thinking. We conceptualize responsive teaching as a type of teaching in which teachers’ instructional decisions about what to pursue and how to pursue it are continually adjusted during instruction in response to children’s content-specific thinking, instead of being determined in advance. Building on earlier work, we present an emerging framework of teaching moves using examples from the interactions of a highly skilled teacher who was selected because of her expertise in responsive teaching. We draw from her interactions with children around fraction story problems in both one-on-one interviews and class lessons. The framework identifies categories of teaching moves, rather than specific comments or questions, because how teachers enact a category depends on the situation. We discuss four major categories of teaching moves: (a) ensuring the child is making sense of the story problem, (b) exploring details of the child’s existing strategy, (c) encouraging the child to consider other strategies, and (d) connecting the child’s thinking to symbolic notation. Our findings also highlight both the potential usefulness of one-on-one interviews for professional developers and researchers and the need for increased attention to the part of class lessons in which teachers circulate and engage in one-on-one conversations with children.
A novel simulation approach for fault injection resistance evaluation on smart cards

Physical perturbations are performed against embedded systems that can contain valuable data. Such devices and in particular smart cards are targeted because potential attackers hold them. The embedded system security must hold against intentional hardware failures that can result in software errors. In a malicious purpose, an attacker could exploit such errors to find out secret data or disrupt a transaction. Simulation techniques help to point out fault injection vulnerabilities and come at an early stage in the development process. This paper proposes a generic fault injection simulation tool that has the particularity to embed the injection mechanism into the smart card source code. By its embedded nature, the Embedded Fault Simulator (EFS) allows us to perform fault injection simulations and side-channel analyses simultaneously. It makes it possible to achieve combined attacks, multiple fault attacks and to perform backward analyses. We appraise our approach on real, modern and complex smart card systems under data and control flow fault models. We illustrate the EFS capacities by performing a practical combined attack on an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) implementation.
Standard potentials of half-reactions involving + 1 and + 3 gold in chloride medium: Equilibrium constant of the reaction AuCl4− + 2Au + 2Cl− = 3AuCl2−

Abstract The equilibrium constant of the reaction AuCl4− + 2Au + 2Cl− = 3AuCl2− has been determined directly by analyzing, spectrophotometrically, equilibrium mixtures prepared from both the AuCl4− side and the AuCl2− side. From extrapolation of the formal equilibrium constants in 0.2 M to 2 M hydrochloric acid the equilibrium constant at infinite dilution at 25° is 1.8 (±0.3)·10−8. Measurements of the potential of a gold electrode in solutions containing known concentrations of AuCl4− and AuCl2− have proven unequivocally that the potentialdetermining couple is AuCl2−/Au, and not AuCl4−/Au or AuCl4−/AuCl2−. The standard potentials (infinite dilution at 25°) of the three gold couples vs. N.H.E. are: AuCl2− + e = Au + 2 Cl−; E° = +1.154 V; AuCl4− + 2e = AuCl4− + 2 Cl−; E° = +0.926 V; AuCl4− + 3e = Au + 4 Cl−; E° = +1.002 V.
Social Justice Advocacy by and for Tibetan Immigrants

Abstract Advocacy for immigrants empowers them to fight for social justice. For Tibetan immigrants this struggle for justice inside their home country has been part of their U.S. immigration experience. They have also been part of New York City immigrant coalitions that are advocating for basic services lost during the 1996 Welfare Reform. The need for more equable access to education is also addressed. Finally, the harshness of expedited removal of asylum seekers needs to be supplanted by procedures that safeguard human rights.
What is the Discipline of Music Appreciation? Reconsidering the Concert Report

In an article on music history pedagogy, Douglas Seaton gave two principles: “Music history ought to investigate musical experience,” and “Music history students must not merely imbibe and regurgitate music-historical information but engage actively in the discipline.” These principles provide a starting point for an examination of the concert report, a traditional assignment in which students of music appreciation “investigate musical experience” by describing musical style. This type of assignment reveals a music appreciation discipline greatly influenced by the fields of music theory and history, studies that educators believed could achieve more immediate results than fields that require more time to gain specialized knowledge and hone skill sets such as composition or performance. In recent years, teacher-scholars have pushed against the reigning pedagogical methods to search for alternatives, and this desire to move the discipline is reflected in changes to the traditional concert report assignment. This paper provides a brief history of music appreciation in the United States to better understand the position in which the discipline finds itself but also to tease out its own identity. Two defining features of the discipline are its focus on listening and its response to social and cultural changes experienced by its students—the general public. In the past sixty years, only the former feature has been explored and reinforced in textbooks, while the latter has been largely overlooked. An alternative concert report assignment is discussed, one that opens the discipline of music appreciation beyond the models provided by music theory and musicology and is more in line with the two predominant features of the discipline as described in the literature.
Microbial public health indicators in the marine environment

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the several standardized media-based methods used to detect bacteria that are currently used as indicators of marine water quality in the United States (total and fecal coliforms, enterococci, and Clostridium pecfringens). Also included is an F-specific RNA coliphage assay (a group of viruses/bacteriophage that utilizes the coliform Escherichia coli, which can produce pili, as a host) that has been used by a number of researchers to assess biological water quality. The value of the F'-specific RNA coliphage assay is that it may assist in identifying the source of contamination (animal versus human). Molecular techniques such as RT-PCR, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immuno-fluorescent assays are employed for pathogen screening apart from screening for indicators. Pathogens such as the Norwalk viruses and Small Round Structured viruses apart from techniques such as biomarker profiling and antibiotic resistance profiling prove to be valuable tools in identifying the ideal indicator(s) or indicator system.
Constraints on interpretation: A reply to Wayne Proudfoot

In "Religious discourse and first person authority" (Godlove 1994), my ques tion was: Why do so many scholars of religion seem to think that religious people are not really talking about what they seem and claim to be talking about, namely, invisible, intelligent powers? I argued that the answer has less to do with scholarly arrogance or reductionism run amok than it does with the very nature of linguistic interpretation. Roughly: An indispensable moment in interpretation is the interpreter's appreciation of the connection between a speech act and its mental and physical environment, its "natural history". This already hints at why speakers are generally authoritative as to the meanings of their words: because they know without appeal to evidence to what they intend their words to apply. But, when it comes to religious discourse, this natural history is often unavailable and in the case of abstract monotheism, often unavailable in principle. The main burden of the article was to suggest that the answer to my question lies in that unavailability. In his perceptive response, Wayne Proudfoot advances two sorts of objec tions to my argument. First, he objects to my conception of the methodology of interpretation. Second, he disputes my readings of several of the individual authors to whom I appeal, in particular Hume and Durkheim. As to the methodology of interpretation, Proudfoot sees it as "something like an inference to the best explanation"; he says that it "is an elaboration of the 'principle of charity' Godlove mentions" (Proudfoot 1995: 283). Since I am all for charity, whether any large issues divide us here depends on how each of us envisions the details of the "elaboration". So, to lay my cards on the table, I see charity as imposing at least these four distinct, unavoidable constraints on interpretation. (1) Semantic and attitudinal holism. In assigning content to beliefs (and other propositional attitudes), and meaning to utterances and sentences, we unavoidably assume the content of many neighbouring potential beliefs, utter ances, and sentences. Thus, no matter how broad the smiles or how vigorous
Local nature of utero-ovarian relationships in the pseudopregnant rat.

Three experiments were conducted with a total of 190 female Holtzman rats. The first experiment confirmed the reported prolongation of luteal function by bilateral or unilateral hysterectomy of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. In the second experiment (5 groups of 20 rats) unilateral ovariectomy had no significant effect on the length of pseudopregnancy, while unilateral hysterectomy caused a lengthening of pseudopregnancy to 15.8 days (p <0.01). When unilateral ovariectomy and unilateral hysterectomy were combined ipsilaterally the length of pseudopregnancy was not different from that in the control rats (13.3 vs. 13.6 days). Unilateral ovariectomy and unilateral hysterectomy, contralaterally, resulted in a lengthening of pseudopregnancy to 17.4 days. In the third experiment 40 rats were unilaterally ovariectomized and unilaterally hysterectomized, ipsilaterally, on day 7 of pseudopregnancy. When the remaining oviduct (10 rats) was ligated and cut, the length of pseudopregnancy was not different from th...
Androgen regulation of gene expression in primary epithelial cells of the mouse kidney.

In proximal tubule cells of the mouse kidney, transcription of a number of genes is induced by androgens. Although a great deal of molecular and genetic information on the induction process has accumulated, the lack of an appropriate cell culture system for DNA transfection studies has hampered efforts to identify and characterize in detail the molecular factors that mediate the response. In the present paper, we have examined a primary renal epithelial cell culture system. We show that in response to androgens, these cells undergo induction of five messenger RNAs that are induced in the intact kidney; thus, the effects of androgens on renal gene expression derive from a direct action of the hormone on proximal tubule cells. The response does not occur in cells from Tfm animals, indicating that androgen receptor is required. Differences in patterns of androgen-inducible messenger RNA expression between mouse species are reflected by similar differences in the cultured cells. Interestingly, the kinetics of...
3-Picolyl and 2,5-Lutidyl Radicals: Generation, Optical Spectroscopy, and ab Initio Calculations

Electronic spectra are reported for two ring-substituted benzyl-like radicals, 3-picolyl and 2, 5-lutidyl. These pyridine-based radicals have much shorter excited state (D1) lifetimes than their benzyl radical prototypes. The 3-picolyl radical (3-(C œ H2)C5H4N) has an excited-state D1 lifetime of 9 ns, and the 2,5-lutidyl radical (2-(CH3),5-(C œ H2)C5H3N) has an excited-state D1 lifetime of 245 ns. The near-degeneracy of the D1 and D2 states of the benzyl radical is not found for these pyridine-based radicals, and the strong D 1-D2 vibronic interaction is missing as well in these species. A number of ab initio calculations, at the (5 5) CASMP2 and (7 7) CAS levels with DZP and d95** basis sets, are employed to rationalize these results and assign the spectra. One possibility for the absence of other isomeric radical spectra is a rearrangement to a sevenmembered radical ring form. The dynamics of radiationless transitions, ring expansion and rearrangement, and excited-state lifetimes are all factors for the spectroscopic detection of these radicals. Based on the calculations, the excited-state vibrational modes O6a, O6b, and O1 are assigned for the picolyl and lutidyl radicals.