cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio structure of the M87 jet

THE central region of M87 has a complex radio structure. There are at least three components1,2, with diameters ≈0″.0013, ≈0″.01 and ≈0″.3, coincident with the optical nucleus of the galaxy and on either side there are two elongated components, ≈25″ in extent, the radio counterparts of the jet and counterjet3,4. When observed with a resolution of ≈5″, the structure of these outer components is similar and depends little on observing frequency, but at higher resolutions the jet component is seen to possess fine structure which the other lacks5,6. Here I report results of interferometer observations at 408 and 1,666 MHz, with resolving powers ≈0.5″ along the jet, which reveal the position and extent of this fine structure in more detail.
Distribution of hand location in monkeys during spontaneous behavior

Recently it was shown that electrical stimulation of the precentral gyrus of monkeys can evoke complex, coordinated movements. In the forelimb representation, stimulation of each site caused the arm to move to a specific final posture, and thus the hand to move to a location in space. Among these stimulation-evoked hand locations, certain regions of the hand's workspace were more represented than others. We hypothesized that a similar non-uniform distribution of hand location should be present during a monkey's spontaneous behavior. The present study examined the distribution of hand location of monkeys in their home cages. This distribution was similar to that found by stimulation of the precentral gyrus. That is, arm postures that were over-represented in spontaneous behavior were also over-represented in the movements evoked by cortical stimulation.
Time study of incorporation in vivo of 32P-orthophosphate into phosphatides of rat tissues.

The in vivo incorporation of labeled orthophosphate into the phosphatides of rat tissues was investigated by the use of paper-chromatographic methods. The time-course curves from 2 to 96 hours are given. A discussion of the experimental data is presented.
Molecular determinants of state-dependent block of Na+ channels by local anesthetics

Sodium ion (Na+) channels, which initiate the action potential in electrically excitable cells, are the molecular targets of local anesthetic drugs. Site-directed mutations in transmembrane segment S6 of domain IV of the Na+ channel alpha subunit from rat brain selectively modified drug binding to resting or to open and inactivated channels when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mutation F1764A, near the middle of this segment, decreased the affinity of open and inactivated channels to 1 percent of the wild-type value, resulting in almost complete abolition of both the use-dependence and voltage-dependence of drug block, whereas mutation N1769A increased the affinity of the resting channel 15-fold. Mutation I1760A created an access pathway for drug molecules to reach the receptor site from the extracellular side. The results define the location of the local anesthetic receptor site in the pore of the Na+ channel and identify molecular determinants of the state-dependent binding of local anesthetics.
Insight into the Conformation of Protein Folding Intermediate(s) Trapped by GroEL

Many aspects of the mechanism by which the GroEL/ES chaperonins mediate protein folding are still unclear, including the amount of structure present in the substrate bound to GroEL. To address this issue we have analyzed the susceptibility to limited proteolysis and to alkylation of cysteine residues of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAAT) bound to GroEL. Several regions of the N-terminal portion of GroEL-bound mAAT are highly susceptible to proteolysis, whereas a large core of about 200 residues containing the C-terminal half of the polypeptide chain is protected in the complex. This protection does not extend to the mAAT sulfhydryl groups which in the GroEL-mAAT complex have similar reactivity as in fully unfolded mAAT. These results suggest that the mAAT species bound to GroEL represent folding intermediates with a conformation that is substantially more disorganized than that of the native state. The N-terminal half of the molecule is more flexible and lies exposed at the mouth of the central cavity of GroEL. The more compact C-terminal section of mAAT, which contains residues located at the subunit interface in the native dimer, appears to be hidden in the central cavity of GroEL. Thus, the bulk of the interactions in the GroEL.mAAT complex seems to involve residues from the more compact C-terminal section of the substrate.
Alcohol Use in the Elderly and the Risk for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Abstract Two diseases linked with alcohol-related brain damage are Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome (KS) or psychosis, also referred to as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Thiamine deficiency is the underlying etiology for alcohol-related WKS. Persons older than 65 who have consumed alcohol at levels exceeding recommendations over a long period, even without a diagnosis of alcohol dependence, are at risk for WKS. Obtaining an alcohol-use history from people over 65 is essential to preventing WKS. The main purpose of this article is to provide the nurse practitioner with strategies for identifying persons over 65 at risk for alcohol-related thiamine deficiency, including screening for alcohol use and obtaining an alcohol-use history. This is followed by a review of the role and physiology of thiamine, laboratory tests that can be used to screen for thiamine deficiency, and prevention and early treatment.
Targeted resequencing identifies defective variants of decoy receptor 3 in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease

Genome-wide association studies have implicated common variation at the 20q13 locus in inflammatory bowel disease, particularly for the pediatric Crohn’s form. This locus harbors tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF6B), encoding a secreted protein, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which binds to and neutralizes pro-inflammatory cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. We sought to further the evidence of DcR3’s role in pediatric IBD by identifying missense mutations with functional significance within TNFRSF6B. We sequenced the exons of the gene in 528 Caucasian pediatric IBD cases and 549 Caucasian healthy controls to establish the frequency of such events in each population. Sequencing revealed that our IBD cohort harbored a greater number of missense variants, yielding an odds ratio of 3.9 (P-value=0.005). Using functional assays, we established that the frequency of mutants defective in secretion from cultured cells was greater in the Crohn’s category than in the controls, yielding an odds ratio of 7.1 (P-value=0.004). These results suggest that rare defective variants in TNFRSF6B have a role in the pathogenesis of some cases of IBD and that interventions targeting this group of tumor necrosis factor-family members may benefit patients with IBD.
Emission characteristics of vacuum spark discharges. III. Aluminum and carbon spectra in the visible region

The intensity of a number of lines of Al i, Al ii, Al iii, C ii, and C iii, in the visible region, has been measured as a function of the peak current in a vacuum spark discharge at values of self-inductance ranging from 2.4 to 45 μhenries. The spark was energized from a bank of condensers, with a total capacitance of 21.6 μf, charged to five different voltages from 5.3 up to 20.5 kv.The line spectrum is accompanied by a continuum which is most intense during the first oscillation of the spark current and then decays rapidly. At large currents most of the apparent line intensity during the first current cycle comes from the continuous background.At values of inductance above 2.4 μhenries, the intensity of the lines of Al i and C ii increases about linearly with the peak current. However, at 2.4 μhenries the intensity of the Al iii lines is enhanced in the neighborhood of 32 kamp as had been observed in earlier work. At a particular current, the intensity is always larger at the larger inductances, but at constant voltage, the addition of inductance does not in all cases reduce the intensity.The behavior of the C iii lines is very irregular, particularly at the lower inductances, and the enhancement of the intensity at about 32 kamp, and at minimum inductance, is very pronounced. Indeed, the carbon spectrum appears to be considerably more sensitive to the magnitude of the peak current than is the aluminum spectrum.The results for all the lines show a remarkable sensitivity to the direction of the current flow in the spark.
Cardiovascular model for studying circulatory impairment under acceleration

A model of the cardiovascular system developed for use in the study of cardiovascular responses to acceleration of the type encountered by pilots of high-performance aircraft is described. The model includes simulations of the heart; arterial, venous, and peripheral circulations; and physiological compensatory mechanisms important to acceleration studies. It can predict blood pressure and flow in any part of the circulation under conditions of G/sub z/ stress and with the application of G-protection techniques. Predictions of the model have been used to analyze the cause of loss of pilot function under G forces, and to design an improved anti-G suit. >
Further studies on a patient with iminodipeptiduria: a probable case of prolidase deficiency.

Abstract Some studies have been performed upon a urine sample obtained from a patient previously reported by Goodman et al. to exhibit massive iminodipeptiduria. 31,000 μmole (3.34 g) of dipeptide proline and 1900 μmole (250 mg) of dipeptide hydroxyproline were excreted in 24 hr. In addition to the six dipeptides originally reported, we have isolated and quantitated Pro-Pro (2180), Ala-Pro (1360), Tyr-Pro (1040), Phe-Pro (1880), and Lys-Pro (140). Twenty-four-hr values in micromoles are given in parentheses. Enzymatic data suggest the existence also of Asp-Pro (1610), Glu-Pro (70), Thr-Pro (1680), Ser-Pro (1630), His-Pro (390), Arg-Pro (100), and Tyr-Pro (170). No hydroxyproline-containing dipeptides have been isolated, but chromatographic evidence suggests the presence of Ser-Hyp, Glu-Hyp, Gly-Hyp, Ala-Hyp, Pro-Hyp, (or Hyp-Pro). All the abnormal peptides were hydrolyzed by a preparation of prolidase in vitro. The data suggest that a generalized defect of imino-carboxyterminal dipeptide catabolism was present, and they are consistent with the possibility that the patient possessed a defect of tissue prolidase activity. From the data, it can be calculated that 2.0–2.5 g of collagen was being degraded per day.
High-frequency wavefront structure and its effects on the detection of faint companions using adaptive optics

This paper looks at the detection limits using the new adaptive optics system on the 3.5m SOR telescope, reported by P. Ryan et al. at this conference. We discuss recent advances in our understating of the nature of high frequency wavefront structure. We analyze the various sources of high- frequency wavefront error, arising from residual adaptive optics errors, and other sources of scattered light. We characterize the AO system efficiency in the K band in terms of profile, noise level and noise time correlation. A sharp edge coronograph was used and it improved the performance as much as needed to detect brown dwarfs. Finally we give the exposure time required to detect such companions using the actual AO associated with the coronographic device, and we also point out what needs to be improved on the AO system as well as on the coronographic device in order to reach the level required for detecting exoplanets.
Longitudinal estuarine diffusion in San Francisco Bay, California

Abstract The concept of one-dimensional diffusion is discussed and applied to the San Francisco Bay, California, to evaluate the degree of mixing and dispersion existing within the estuarine system. The intensity of mixing and dispersion is expressed in terms of an overall, longitudinal diffusion coefficient E which can be varied throughout the system. A method for computing E from observations of water quality constituents in an estuary is presented and discussed. Concentration distributions of chlorosity and silica derived from field observations taken over four years of continuous sampling of the Bay waters are used to evaluate the diffusion coefficient within the two arms of the Bay system. The results derived from the two different concentration distributions are found to be comparable, giving at least a partial verification of the proposed procedures. The relationships between the observed coefficients and the hydrologic, hydrographic, and tidal wave characteristics of the Bay system are examined to ascertain if the diffusion coefficient can be predicted directly without making resourse to water quality observations. The only relationship investigated which appears to have merit is where u is the mean advective velocity in the estuary, u′m the mean tidal velocity, and D the hydraulic channel depth. The equation is applicable only to those regions of an estuary where the advective velocity is known to have a significant effect on the value of E. Procedures which may be used to predict the concentrations of a water quality constituent in the Bay system-once the diffusion coefficients are known-are discussed briefly. An example of a steady state computation is presented and discussed.
TNF‐α induction of lipolysis is mediated through activation of the extracellular signal related kinase pathway in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increases adipocyte lipolysis after 6-12 h of incubation. TNF-alpha has been demonstrated to activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and N-terminal-c-Jun-kinase (JNK) in different cell types. To determine if the MAP kinases have a role in TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with the cytokine (10 ng/ml), in the presence or absence of PD98059 or U0126 (100 micromoles), specific inhibitors of ERK activity. We demonstrated that U0126 or PD98059 blocked TNF-alpha-induced ERK activity and decreased TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis by 65 or 76% respectively. The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, rosiglitazone (ros), and 15-deoxy-Delta-(12,14)- prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ2) have been demonstrated to block TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis. Pretreatment of adipocytes with these agents almost totally blocked TNF-alpha-induced ERK activation and reduced lipolysis by greater than 90%. TNF-alpha also stimulated JNK activity, which was not affected by PD98059 or PPARgamma agonist treatment. The expression of perilipin, previously proposed to contribute to the mechanism of lipolysis, is diminished in response to TNF-alpha treatment. Pretreatment of adipocytes with PD98059 or ros significantly blocked the TNF-alpha-induced reduction of perilipin A protein level as determined by Western analysis. These data suggest that activation of the ERK pathway is an early event in the mechanism of TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis.
An efficient numerical technique for the solution of a nonlinear capillary wave problem

Abstract Buneman's block cyclic reduction method has been modified to solve a capillary wave problem which is characterized by a nonlinear boundary condition on the free surface. This technique requires an iterative solution of only the unknown boundary values along the free streamline. Once the free surface values are known, the remaining unknowns are determined directly. Comparisons of the numerical solutions with existing exact solutions demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method for handling the nonlinear boundary condition. Some generalizations of the method have also been discussed.
THE UNITARY EVOKED POTENTIAL AT THE FROG NERVE-MUSCLE JUNCTION RESULTS FROM SYNCHRONOUS GATING OF FUSI0N PORES AT DOCKED VESICLES

Exocytosis of a single vesicle has been proposed as the mechanism which determines quantal size by releasing a prepackaged and standard amount of acetylcholine. As first described by del Castillo and Katz (1954) the endplate potential is composed of 100 unitary events and the small variance suggests a binomial release from 100 “discrete patches of membrane”. However, exocytosis of 100 vesicles selected randomly from 5000 docked vesicles would yield a variance that is 7 times greater than observed values. We propose that the presynaptic ridge with its compliment of docked vesicles functions as the “discrete patch of membrane” such that arrays of calcium activated fusion pores meter transmitter to form the unit of release. A model based on the synchronous flicker of a large number of fusion pores produces the small variance of both miniature end plate potentials and unitary end plate potentials. Release from a single locus (fusion pore) would generate the sub-MEPP. This model permits vesicle trafficking and vesicular content depletion during tetanic stimulation and explains the frequency dependency of MEPP amplitudes and changes in sub-MEPP to bell-MEPP class ratios.
A POSSIBLE DOCKING AND FUSION PARTICLE FOR SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION

SEVERAL proteins have been implicated in the rapid (millisecond) calcium-controlled release of transmitters at nerve endings1,2, including soluble NV-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF3–5) and soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP3,6), the synaptic SNAP receptor (SNARE)3,7 and the calcium-binding protein synaptotagmin2, which may function as a calcium sensor in exocytosis8. A second SNAP isoform (β-SNAP), which is 83% identical to α-SNAP, is highly expressed in brain9, but its role is still unclear. Here we show that these proteins assemble cooperatively to form a docking and fusion complex. β-SNAP (but not α-SNAP) binds synaptotagmin and recruits NSF, indicating that the complex may link the process of membrane fusion to calcium entry by attaching a specialized fusion protein (β-SNAP) to a calcium sensor (synaptotagmin). Polyphosphoinositols that block transmitter release, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (InsP4), inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) and inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6), also block the assembly of the particle by preventing β-SNAP from binding to synaptotagmin.
A Sensing Method based on Elastic Instabilities of Swelllng Hydrogels

We present a biologically inspired sensing method which can be used to detect toxins or other chemical compounds. We engineer our hydrogels in such a way that an elastic instability is triggered by a designated stimulus Two different bi-polymer strips are fixed together. When swelling is induced, the differential response of the two gels forming the composite strip causes the strip to bend. If the bending is constrained, an explosive elastic instability can occur if either the constraint is removed or the stored elastic energy is enough to induce fracture. A judicious choice of materials (e.g., degradable adhesive materials specific to certain enzymes or chemicals) and geometric constraints allow for the tuning of the instability. The rapid geometric changes associated with the elastic instability can be easily observed.
An alternative advantageous protocol for efficient synthesis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides utilizing phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS).

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides could be synthesized using a 0.2 M solution of phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) in a mixture of pyridine and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) with >99.9% step-wise efficiency. Unlike most other sulfurizing reagents that need to be stable in solution for performance, PADS needs to degrade and “age” in solution and hence performs efficiently even after storing the solution at room temperature for over a month. High yield and quality of oligonucleotides are produced thereby offering an alternative attractive protocol for use of this efficient sulfurizing reagent.
Chemoprvention traials in the cervix: Design, feasibility, and recruitment

The cervix is an ideal organ for chemoprevention studies and the study of squamous carcinogenesis. In chemoprevention trial design, four factors are important: high-risk cohorts must be identified; suitable agents must be selected; study designs should include Phase 1, II, and III; and studies should include the use of surrogate endpoint biomarkers. High-risk cohorts can be selected for Phase I, II and III trials in the cervix, for example, patients with high grade lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and carcinoma in situ (CIS). A Phase III trial might also include patients with lesions infected with oncogenic HPV types. The cervix is accessible and can be safely followed with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and colposcopy. Suitable agents include those likely to work in squamous lesions, including retinoids, difluoromethylornithine, beta-carotene, and others. In Phase I chemopreventive studies, does are de-escalated rather than escalated, determining toxicity and optimal dose schedule. Phase II studies looking at effectiveness need placebo control groups since regression of high-risk lesions is possible. Phase III studies, now multicentric, should be carefully designed and include wide patient representation in order to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of therapy, focusing on cancer incidence reduction. Surrogate endpoint biomarkers include quantitative histopathology, biologic measures of proliferation, regulation, differentiation, genetic instability, and fluorescence emission. Quantitative histopathologic markers include nuclear grading (i.e., shape, area, optical density, texture), nuclear pleomorphism, ploidy, and nucleolar size and position. Biomarkers under study at the present time in the cervix include proliferation markers (PCNA), regulation marker (EGFR, ras, myc, p53, retinoic acid receptors, ODC, spermidine/spermine ratios), differentiation markers (involucrin, cornifin, keratins), and markers of genetic instability (chromosome polysomy). Fluorescent spectroscopy uses light to probe the biochemical properties of tissue. This technique provides an automated diagnosis in real time with comparable sensitivity and specificity to colposcopy and can be used to monitor lesions in chemoprevention trials. Recruitment designs for cervix studies need to include a large referral population and patients with sufficiently large lesions. Clinicians involved in such studies need to stress contraception and smoking cessation, deal with language barriers, and provide compensation for child care and parking to patients in order to increase compliance.
Trapped in Time: Changing Perceptions as Reflected in the Subject Indexing of Pre-1960 U.S. Federal Government Publications Related to Homelessness.

Abstract In the Homeless database being compiled at the University Libraries of the University at Albany State University of New York, about a dozen items from the late nineteenth century and early half of the twentieth century are cited. One source of information on homelessness apparent in the database is government documents. Through the project reported in this paper, the authors were able to locate, review, and cumulate government document references to homelessness published before 1960. During this process it became apparent that the indexing, which was idiosyncratic, created difficulties in locating materials. This paper examines some of those difficulties and the possible solution of searching Public Affairs Information Service. An appendix of the government documents located is included.
Holding Democracy Accountable in Latin America

Democratic Accountability in Latin America. Edited by Scott Mainwaring, Christopher Welna. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 360 pp., $74.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-19-925637-3), $39.95 paper (ISBN: 0-19-925638-1). As Latin America entered the twenty-first century, democratic regimes existed alongside a range of deeply disturbing political and socioeconomic problems, from rampant corruption and widespread violence to wrenching inequalities. The “third wave” of democratization (Huntington 1991) swept away the military dictatorships that had marked the 1970s and 1980s, restoring elected civilian governments throughout Central and South America. However, the establishment and consolidation of democratic regimes remains a difficult and elusive challenge, mainly because of economic underdevelopment, poverty, and inequality. The fate of democracy depends heavily on issues of democratic accountability and on the prospects for deepening democracy in the face of such fundamental problems as state weakness, the ineffective rule of law, and socioeconomic inequality. Any effort to understand democratic consolidation in Latin America must address the process of institution building, particularly regarding those institutions that sustain accountable government and nurture a strong democratic culture among the public and political elites. Democratic Accountability in Latin America addresses a key dimension of these institutions and a burning issue on the agenda of policymakers and citizens in contemporary Latin America: how to establish suitable mechanisms for challenging the exercise of authority. It also seeks to enrich our understanding of the meaning of accountability and the interaction between various mechanisms …
FEM study of fatigue crack closure under double slip

Abstract An elastic—plastic finite element analysis of Mode I crack growth and plasticity induced crack closure is presented. The simulation, which models crack tip plasticity using two slip planes, predicts slip patterns experimentally observed in real crystals or grains. The model shows that plasticity induced crack closure will occur when the crack tip plastic zone is smaller than the grain size. Closure levels are found to vary as the crystallographic orientation of the model with respect to the crack line is changed. For some orientations the closure levels are found to be negligible, while in others the levels approach 0.35 of the maximum applied load. Closure levels also vary as the angle between the slip planes is varied. The values span a similar range. The amount of crack closure for any particular crystallographic orientation and/or slip plane configuration is found to be a balance between several variables. Primarily, the closure levels are dictated by the magnitude of the static crack opening displacement and amount of residual plasticity along the crack line.
Globalisering gjennom et århundre; Norsk aluminiumindustri 1908–2008 (Globalization through a Century; The Norwegian Aluminium Industry 1908–2008)

Johan Henden, Hans Otto Froland & Asbjorn Karlsen (Eds) Bergen, Fagbokforlaget, 2008 446 pp., €67.00, ISBN 978-82-450-0377-2 This book is an edited volume with 12 chapters in total, written in Norw...
Sleep and aes applied to solid state devices and materials

A Scanning Low Energy Electron Probe (SLEEP), which has a spatial resolution of 3e and an energy resolution of 50 mV near zero energy has been used in conjuntion with a cylindrical Auger Electron Spectrometer (AES) to study several surface properties of solid state devices and materials. The resistivity (ρ), dielectric constant (K), and dielectric strength of thin insulating layers (e.g., Al 2 O 3 ) have been measured with SLEEP. AES has been used with inert gas sputtering to study the depth profile of ion implanted Aland Na in Si and SiO 2 and have been compared with other profiling techniques using identical samples. Surface potential variations of vacuum deposited metallic coatings on an integrated circuit using SLEEP has been correlated with surface impurities measured in situ with AES. In addition, examples will be given illustrating how the SLEEP technique can be used in an SEM mode for measuring secondary electron emission properties as well as for observing the location of defects in integrated circuits.
A multiuser computation facility for education and research

Present-day computing facilities are limited in their value for scientific research by inability to interact strongly with users. The full power of a research computing instrument should be available at many terminals that give each user the ability to generate, correct and operate any procedure he wishes, either simple or complex.Implementation is described for a small-scale multiuser computer system that permits several users to work independently with the machine, and to obtain satisfactory response using typewriter communication.
Effect of High Levels of Aureomycin, Neomycin, Spiramycin and Tylosin on Infectious Synovitis in Mature Turkeys

Abstract INFECTIOUS synovitis was recognized as a disease of chickens in West Virginia by Olson et al. (1954), in Texas by Wills (1954), and in Delaware by Cover and Galeta (1955). Snoeyenbos and Olesiuk (1955) recognized the disease of turkeys in Massachusetts. It has been shown that certain drugs, particularly aureomycin, exert a virustatic effect on the infectious synovitis organism in chicks (Olson and Shelton, 1958). The purpose of this pilot experiment was to determine whether high levels of certain antibiotics would effect the remission of the symptoms of infectious synovitis in turkeys. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Forty-one Broad Breasted Bronze turkey males, 26 weeks of age with breast blisters and diagnosed as having synovitis were examined. The length, width, and condition (fluid, soft, firm, hard) of the blister was recorded as well as the condition (bad, medium, slight, normal) of the hocks and foot pads. On the basis of the examination and …
An empirical correlation between chemical shift and xenon-129 coupling in xenon fluorides

Abstract A graph of the 129 Xe- 19 F coupling constant as a function of the 19 F chemical shift for the xenon fluorides and oxyfluorides provides an empirical explanation for the lack of an observed coupling in XeF 6 .
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION and USE of PRESSURIZED CAN MODELS

The results of an experimental investigation of the strength characteristics of pressurized food cans are compared with existing models of thin-walled cylinders as they pertain to the common unbeaded can. After using the data to establish the empirical quantities in the models, good agreement was found between theory and experiment. the models were then used to predict strength characteristics of hypothetical cans.
Automatic query reformulation with syntactic operators to alleviate search difficulty

Modern search engines usually provide a query language with a set of advanced syntactic operators (e.g., plus sign to require a term's appearance, or quotation marks to require a phrase's appearance) which if used appropriately, can significantly improve the effectiveness of a plain keyword query. However, they are rarely used by ordinary users due to the intrinsic difficulties and users' lack of corpora statistics. In this paper, we propose to automatically reformulate queries that do not work well by selectively adding syntactic operators. Particularly, we propose to perform syntactic operator-based query reformulation when a retrieval system detects users encounter difficulty in search as indicated by users' behaviors such as scanning over top k documents without click-through. We frame the problem of automatic reformulation with syntactic operators as a supervised learning problem, and propose a set of effective features to represent queries with syntactic operators. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and its applicability as a query suggestion mechanism for search engines. As a negative feedback strategy, syntactic operator-based query reformulation also shows promising results in improving search results for difficult queries as compared with existing methods.
A Hoxb13‐driven reverse tetracycline transactivator system for conditional gene expression in the prostate

BACKGROUND Genetically engineered mouse models play important roles in analyses of prostate development and pathobiology. While constitutive genetic gain- and loss-of-function models have contributed significantly to our understanding of molecular events driving these processes, the availability of a tightly regulated inducible expression system could extend the utility of transgenic approaches. Here, we describe the development of a Tet-regulatory system that employs Hoxb13 transcriptional control elements to direct reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) expression in the prostate. METHODS Using recombineering technology, the rtTA gene was placed under Hoxb13 cis-regulatory transcriptional control in the context of a 218-kb bacterial artificial chromosome. F1 offspring carrying the Hoxb13-rtTA transgene were bred to a Tetracycline operator–Histone 2B-Green Fluorescent Protein (TetO-H2BGFP) responder line. Detailed reporter gene expression analyses, including doxycycline (Dox) induction and withdrawal kinetics, were performed in Hoxb13-rtTA|TetO-H2BGFP double transgenic adult mice and embryos. RESULTS Dox-dependent GFP expression was observed exclusively in the prostate and distal colon epithelia of double transgenic mice. Reporter gene mRNA was detected in the prostate within 6 hr of Dox exposure, and was extinguished within 24 hr after Dox withdrawal. Furthermore, Dox-induced reporter gene expression persisted after castration. CONCLUSIONS The Hoxb13-rtTA transgenic system provides a powerful tool for conditional Tet operator-driven transgene expression in the normal prostate and during disease progression. Used in conjunction with other prostate pathology models, these mice will enable precise, temporally controlled analyses of gene function and can provide opportunities for detailed analyses of molecular events underlying prostate diseases. Prostate 72:1045–1051, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partitions of the 4-subsets of a 13-set into disjoint projective planes

For 1⩽t<k<v, let S(t,k,v) denote a Steiner system and let Pk(v) be the set of all k-subsets of the set {1,2,…,v}. We partition P4(13) into 55 mutually disjoint S(2, 4, 13)'s (projective planes). This is the first known example of a complete partition of Pk(v) into disjoint S(t,k,v)'s for k⩾4 and t⩾2.
Network self-organization in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is a paradigm that allows the interaction of ubiquitous devices through a network to achieve common goals. This paradigm like any man-made infrastructure is subject to disasters, outages and other adversarial conditions. Under these situations provisioned communications fail, rendering this paradigm with little or no use. Hence, network self-organization among these devices is needed to allow for communication resilience. This paper presents a survey of related work in the area of self-organization and discusses future research opportunities and challenges for self-organization in the Internet of Things. We begin this paper with a system perspective of the Internet of Things. We then identify and describe the key components of self-organization in the Internet of Things and discuss enabling technologies. Finally we discuss possible tailoring of prior work of other related applications to suit the needs of self-organization in the Internet of Things paradigm.
Two-stage methods for alkaline-range analytical isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel: Application to cationic proteins in serum

Abstract Two-stage methods for alkaline-range analytical isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels have been developed for the analysis of the cationic proteins in complex mixtures of protein. A pH gradient covering the “entire” pH range but emphasizing only a narrow portion of this gradient is produced. During the first stage a nonlinear pH gradient is nearly established. The anodic electrode is then moved to a position on the gel such that the applied potential is exclusively across the alkaline portion of the gradient. The second stage results in a significant increase in the electric field strength and, consequently, the resolving power. The two-stage methods, exploiting the advantages of narrow pH gradients and high field strengths, have enabled excellent resolution of the highly heterogeneous cationic proteins in serum.
A Mechanism for Reduced Radiation Damage

In highly anisotropic targets, radiation damage due to electron irradiation can be drastically reduced as electron energy increases. A theoretical study of this effect is made, and some experimental evidences of this effect are cited. In stark anisotropen Targets nehmen die Strahlenschaden durch Elektronenbeschus drastisch mit zunehmender Elektronenenergie ab. Dieser Effekt wird theoretisch unter-sucht, und einige experimented Beweise des Effektes werden angefuhrt.
Molecular characterization of the Gossypium Diversity Reference Set of the US National Cotton Germplasm Collection

A core marker set containing markers developed to be informative within a single commercial cotton species can elucidate diversity structure within a multi-species subset of the Gossypium germplasm collection. An understanding of the genetic diversity of cotton (Gossypium spp.) as represented in the US National Cotton Germplasm Collection is essential to develop strategies for collecting, conserving, and utilizing these germplasm resources. The US collection is one of the largest world collections and includes not only accessions with improved yield and fiber quality within cultivated species, but also accessions possessing sources of abiotic and biotic stress resistance often found in wild species. We evaluated the genetic diversity of a subset of 272 diploid and 1,984 tetraploid accessions in the collection (designated the Gossypium Diversity Reference Set) using a core set of 105 microsatellite markers. Utility of the core set of markers in differentiating intra-genome variation was much greater in commercial tetraploid genomes (99.7 % polymorphic bands) than in wild diploid genomes (72.7 % polymorphic bands), and may have been influenced by pre-selection of markers for effectiveness in the commercial species. Principal coordinate analyses revealed that the marker set differentiated interspecific variation among tetraploid species, but was only capable of partially differentiating among species and genomes of the wild diploids. Putative species-specific marker bands in G. hirsutum (73) and G. barbadense (81) were identified that could be used for qualitative identification of misclassifications, redundancies, and introgression within commercial tetraploid species. The results of this broad-scale molecular characterization are essential to the management and conservation of the collection and provide insight and guidance in the use of the collection by the cotton research community in their cotton improvement efforts.
Upper genital tract isolates at delivery as predictors of post-cesarean infections among women receiving antibiotic prophylaxis

The introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery has decreased the risk of postpartum endometritis and wound infection, but factors that contribute to prophylaxis failure are not understood. To determine factors that might contribute to postpartum infections following antibiotic prophylaxis, we cultured amniotic fluid, decidua, and chorioamniotic membrane specimens for anaerobic and facultative bacteria and for genital mycoplasmas at cesarean delivery. Women were assessed daily for the development of infections, and if endometritis developed, a protected endometrial culture was obtained. Postpartum endometritis developed in 16 and wound infection in four of 102 women. Infection rates were similar for women receiving cefotetan (N = 50) or cefoxitin (N = 52) for prophylaxis. The isolation of group B streptococcus (P less than .001) or Enterococcus faecalis (P = .03) from the upper genital tract at delivery was significantly associated with postpartum endometritis. Antibiotic-resistant organisms (other than enterococci) were recovered uncommonly at delivery or with postpartum infections. Group B streptococcus was susceptible to the prophylactic agents used, suggesting that virulence factors other than antibiotic resistance are important for the development of postpartum endometritis. Group B streptococcus, E faecalis, and bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis were recovered from the endometrium at the time of postpartum endometritis.
Gerasim Pavskii's Clandestine Old Testament: The Politics of Nineteenth-Century Russian Biblical Translation

Gerasim Petrovich Pavskii (1787–1863) was arguably the brightest pupil of Russia's most-noted nineteenth-century prelate, Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret Drozdov. Pavskii's work under the tutelage of Filaret dated from the future Moscow metropolitan's rectorate at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, 1812–1817. Yet in the subsequent twenty-five years following Filaret's appointment to the episcopate in 1817, the young theologian and philologist Pavskii would break decisively with his former rector. That break culminated in the celebrated Pavskii Affair of 1841–1844—the so-called Delo Pavskogo—a far-reaching synodal investigation that dramatized the deep divisions in the Orthodox church of Nicolaevan Russia. On one level, these divisions involved issues of modern biblical textology. It is the thesis of this work, however, that alongside the textological issues were deep-seated differences over Orthodox piety and church polity that conditioned the responses of the esteemed metropolitan and the erudite theologian. This fundamental divide within Russian Orthodoxy was never reconciled and, indeed, has continued to the present in modified form within religious circles of the Russian emigration.
Intensity measurements of the 1 μ CO2 bands

Abstract The quantitative intensity of the weak CO2 triad in the 1 μ spectral region has been measured. Integrated R-branch intensities were obtained by using pressure broadening techniques with absorbing paths up to 4·8 km-atm. The R-branch intensities for the transitions 20°3«00°0, 12°3«00°0, and 04°3«00°0 are 1·27, 3·50, and 0·59 cm−1 km−1 atm−1 S.T.P., respectively. Intensities and half-widths of the J4 through J22 lines in the P-branch of the 12°3«00°0 transition have been determined.
Understanding global flows of venture capital: Human networks as the “carrier wave” of globalization

Industry participants and observers view venture capital as fundamentally a local business. However, recent data show an increasing share of US venture capital investments flowing overseas. We suggest that cross-border venture capital flows are associated with the formation of “transnational technical communities” (TTCs), groups of immigrants active in both home- and host-country technical networks. Our results highlight the role of human networks as a mechanism of industry globalization, and support the view that TTCs are emerging economic actors in their own right.
X-linked control of globin mRNA and hemoglobin production in erythroleukemia-lymphoma cell hybrids.

In somatic cell hybrids formed by the fusion of mouse erythroleukemic cells with cultured mouse lymphoma cells, retention of the X chromosome donated by the lymphoma parent is correlated with inhibition of hemoglobin accumulation in response to dimethyl sulfoxide. The inhibition of hemoglobin production was due to an inhibition of globin mRNA accumulation. Heme can partially overcome the effects of the lymphoma X chromosome and induce globin mRNA and hemoglobin accumulation in the dimethylsulfoxide-treated hybrid cells. The data suggests that the X chromosome contributed by the lymphoma cells inhibits hemoglobin production by inhibiting both inducible globin mRNA accumulation as well as inducible heme biosynthesis, most likely at a step after the formation of δ-aminolevulinic acid. The properties of erythroleukemia × lymphoma cell hybrids are compared with those of a series of erythroleukemia × bone marrow cell hybrids. The data indicate the possibility of multiple loci on the X chromosome capable of regulating the expression of erythroid characteristics.
To recycle or not to recycle? Analyzing the New York City's recycling program suspension

This article adopts a social–ecological perspective to analyze the recent recycling suspension in New York City. The author performed a historical analysis of urban recycling within an economic and political context. Modern urban recycling is moving from a small–scale, community–based activity to a consolidated, monopolized industry. The author has concluded that the suspension of NYC's recycling program was not accidental. It could hardly have been avoided under the current capital–dominated society. The most radical solution to the issue is to challenge the current non–sustainable political–economic system, yet it is important to remain aware of non–revolutionary strategies.
Early development of arterial spin labeling to measure regional brain blood flow by MRI

Abstract Two major avenues of work converged in the late 1980's and early 1990's to give rise to brain perfusion MRI. The development of anatomical brain MRI quickly had as a major goal the generation of angiograms using tricks to label flowing blood in macroscopic vessels. These ideas were aimed at getting information about microcirculatory flow as well. Over the same time course the development of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy had as its primary goal the assessment of tissue function and in particular, tissue energetics. For this the measurement of the delivery of water to tissue was critical for assessing tissue oxygenation and viability. The measurement of the washin/washout of “freely” diffusible tracers by spectroscopic based techniques pointed the way for quantitative approaches to measure regional blood flow by MRI. These two avenues came together in the development of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI techniques to measure regional cerebral blood flow. The early use of ASL to measure brain activation to help verify BOLD fMRI led to a rapid development of ASL based perfusion MRI. Today development and applications of regional brain blood flow measurements with ASL continues to be a major area of activity.
A COMPARISON OF PROCEDURES FOR ELIMINATING SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR OF RETARDED ADOLESCENTS†

An attempt was made to eliminate the self-injurious behaviors of four institutionalized, profoundly retarded adolescents. Some of the behaviors studied were: face-slapping, face-banging, hair-pulling, face-scratching, and finger-biting. Three remediative approaches to self-injurious behavior were compared. Elimination of all social consequences of the self-injurious behavior was not effective with the two subjects with whom it was attempted. The same two subjects were exposed to a procedure involving reinforcement of non-self-injurious behavior which was ineffective under no food deprivation and was effective with one of the two subjects under mild food deprivation. Electric-shock punishment eliminated the self-injurious behaviors of all four subjects with whom it was attempted. The results suggested that punishment was more effective than differential reinforcement of non-self-injurious behavior which, in turn, was more effective than extinction through elimination of social consequences. However, the effects of the punishment were usually specific to the setting in which it was administered. In order to eliminate the self-injurious behaviors of severely retarded children, it is apparently necessary to carry out the treatment in many of the settings in which it occurs.