cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized DC-300 Mb/s Optical Transmitter/Receiver Modules For Burst Signal Transmission

A miniturized D( to 300Mb/s optical transmitter and receiver modules have been developed. The optical transmitter utilizes an InGaAsP/InP surface emitting LED (the center wavelength is 1315nm) as a light source. The pulse width distortion is maintained less than ± 0.2nsec because the compensation circuit is employed to adjust the LED's response. The optical receiver utilizes an InGaAs/InP PIN-photodiode which responsivity is 0.82A/W for 62.5/125 GI 0.29NA fibers. Pre-amplifier using a Si-IC, has a transimpedance of 10kΩ and bandwidth of 200MHz. Automatic Threshold Control (ATC) circuit utilizes high speed peak-hold circuit technique to respond to burst signal within several handred nano-seconds. And in order to prevent the appearance of error pulses at extinct input, Automatic Threshold Bias-level Control (ATBC) circuit is employed. By the use of ATC and ATBC circuit, the receiver can receive the burst optical signal, which include a continuous extinct level, in short settling time and slight pulse width distortion.
Simulation of Combustion in a DI Diesel Engine Operating on Biodiesel Blends

There has been considerable interest in recent years in using blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesels in diesel engines. Some of the interests arise in making use of renewable fuels, or in reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels and, in some cases, to provide economic boost to agricultural industry. It is believed that substitution of a small amount of biodiesel for petroleum diesel can reduce the import of fuel and help in trade balance. Biodiesels, whether derived from vegetable oils or animal fat, have many properties that align with those of petroleum diesel. This makes biodiesel a good candidate for blending it in small quantities with petroleum diesel. Studies have shown biodiesel blends to work well in diesel engines. However, experimental investigations of biodiesel blends have shown some discrepancies in engine thermal efficiency and emissions of NOx. A combustion simulation model for diesel engine may help to understand some of the differences in engine performance when different fuels are used. This paper deals with an existing simulation model that was applied to a diesel engine operating on biodiesel blends. The model was a modified version of GT-Power that was specifically modified to fit the test engine. The model was calibrated using a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, DI diesel engine operating on ultra-low sulfur (ULSD) diesel. It was used to predict engine performance when operating on different blends of soy biodiesel and ULSD. The simulation utilized detailed physical and chemical properties of the blends to predict cylinder pressures, fuel consumption, and emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Comparison between predicted and experimental values showed good correlations. The predicted trends in fuel consumption, emissions of NOx and smoke showed comparable trends. The model allows the user to change fuel properties to assess the impact of variations in blend composition on exhaust emissions. This paper discusses comparisons between the predicted and experimental results and how fuel composition can possibly impact NOx emissions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Prospects for amorphous silicon photovoltaics

Abstract Significant progress has been achieved in amorphous silicon photovoltaic technology since the first commercial square-foot-size modules were introduced in 1984. Over the years, quality control, materials, module size, and module packaging have improved, but the basic cell structure used in the modules has changed little. Based on the manufacturing experience since 1984 and prototype module research, larger and more advanced manufacturing plants have been designed, are under construction, or coming on line soon. The economics of large-scale photovoltaic systems may force reconsideration of amorphous silicon module design and construction, which, for the most part, has been directed toward small power systems. This paper summarizes progress that has been made since 1984, discusses expectations for photovoltaics in general, and presents the technological path amorphous silicon technology is pursuing to become competitive in the photovoltaics market.
The multiple scattering contribution to fixed-angle elastic hadron-hadron scattering

Abstract Using the factorized form of the leading behavior (in powers of Q) of fixed-angle elastic hadron-hadron scattering given by Botts and Sterman, the leading perturbative QCD contribution to dσ/dt (ϑ = π/2) for pions and protons is numerically evaluated. Various models of the long-distance, nonperturbative hadronic wave functions are used and the different soft cutoff prescriptions made explicit. For the proton case, it is found that the size of the Landshoff contribution is of the same order as the observed data, though in that energy range the resulting cross sections are strongly dependent on momenta cutoffs, choice of wave function and the small ξ contribution. The onset of asymptopia, defined to be where soft effects become negligible, is found to occur at ln(s/1 GeV2) ≈ 4 for pions and ln(s/1 GeV2) ≈ 8 for protons. Logarithmic effects swamp out the power-law predictions of Botts and Sterman and Mueller, dσ/dt|ππαs−5.83 and dσ/dt|ppα s−9.59, until ln(s/1 GeV2) ≈ 20.
Object tracking in an outdoor environment using fusion of features and cameras

Abstract This paper presents methods for tracking moving objects in an outdoor environment. A robust tracking is achieved using feature fusion and multiple cameras. The proposed method integrates spatial position, shape and color information to track object blobs. The trajectories obtained from individual cameras are incorporated by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to resolve object occlusion. Our results show that integrating simple features makes the tracking effective and that EKF improves the tracking accuracy when long-term or temporary occlusion occurs. The tracked objects are successfully classified into three categories: single person, people group, or vehicle.
Seasonal variation and the co-occurrence of four pathogens and a group of parasites among monogyne and polygyne fire ant colonies

Abstract A year-long survey was conducted to determine the seasonality and co-occurrence of four pathogens and a group of parasites in colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in north-central Florida. Solenopsis invicta colonies were sampled and examined for the presence of Pseudacteon spp. (P. curvatus, P. tricuspis, P. obtusus) parasitic phorid flies, a microsporidian pathogen (Kneallhazia solenopsae) and 3 S. invicta viruses (SINV-1, SINV-2, and SINV-3) by PCR or RT-PCR methods. In addition, the social form designation of each colony (single- or multiple-queen) was determined by genotyping worker ants at the Gp-9 locus to determine if the pathogens or parasites were associated with monogyne or polygyne fire ant colonies. Seasonal variability was observed in the prevalence of all pathogens/parasites examined, with SINV-1, SINV-3, and K. solenopsae exhibiting pronounced seasonality. SINV-1 and K. solenopsae infections were most prevalent among colonies during warmer periods of the year, while SINV-3 was most prevalent during the cooler periods. As hypothesized, pathogens were found more commonly in polygyne colonies than in monogyne colonies. Infection comparisons by social form revealed higher infection rates of K. solenopsae and SINV-2 in polygyne colony samples compared with monogyne colony samples. The overall colony infection and parasitism rate among the 360 colonies sampled, regardless of social form, was 60.3% (SINV-1), 8.9% (SINV-2), 10.8% (SINV-3), 22.5% (K. solenopsae), and 8.1% (Pseudacteon flies). An interesting pattern was observed between the number of different pathogens or parasites detected in monogyne and polygyne colonies. The majority of monogyne colonies (>80%) were either uninfected or infected or parasitized with only a single pathogen/parasite while the majority of polygyne colonies (>55%) were infected or parasitized with 2 or more pathogens/parasites simultaneously. Higher pathogen/parasite prevalence among polygyne colonies is attributed to lower genetic relatedness (among nestmates), increased colony longevity, and the proclivity of polygyne colonies to share workers, brood and queens among their interconnected colonies. Evaluation of pairwise co-occurrence data indicated that the pathogens and fly parasites were usually independently distributed among host colonies; however, unknown local factors did cause several significant deviations from expected values.
Structure and magnetic properties of RFe13−xSix (R = Pr, Nd or Gd, x = 2.5–5)

Abstract RFe13−xSix (R = Pr, Nd and Gd) alloys with x = 2.5–5 have been synthesized and characterized in a magnetic field up to 17 kOe and in a temperature range 10–1173 K to ascertain whether they might be useful as high temperature, high-energy permanent magnet materials. It was found that a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) Ce2Ni17Si9-type structure forms in PrFe13−xSix alloys when x ⩾ 4. The Curie temperatures Tc of this BCT phase are in a range 50–90 K, higher than that of the corresponding PrCo13−xSix BCT phase (∼ 20 K). The PrFe13−xSix alloys with x⩾ 4 show spin reorientation at cryogenic temperatures (15–47 K) and exhibit significant coercivity in loose powder samples below their spin-reorientation temperature. Using the information about the magnetization of LaFe13−xSix BCT alloys, one can estimate the moment of Pr ion in PrFe13∼-xSix alloys. It is found to be very close to that in PrCo13−xSix BCT alloys, around 2 μ2/atom. For RNd or Gd, the RFe13−xSix alloys occur only as mixtures of RFe2Si2, R(Fe, Si)11 and FeSi. The Ce2Ni17Si9-type structure cannot be formed in these alloys even when x = 5. The low Tc for the PrFe13−xSix alloys precludes their use as a permanent magnet material, except perhaps at low temperature.
Earth science: A slice of history.

Investigations of an exposed slice of oceanic crust and mantle have provided a dramatic picture of temporal variation in the activity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge — including its pulse rate of 3–4 million years.
Dendritic cell maturation occurs through the inhibition of GSK-3β

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation results in changes in antigen processing and presentation, governing the fate of adaptive immunity. Understanding the intracellular signaling pathways governing DC maturation is therefore critical. In this study, we observed that the kinase, GSK-3β, is present in its active form in resting immature DCs isolated from the spleen and bone marrow of mice. Induction of DC maturation using GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α resulted in GSK-3β inhibition, as reflected by increased phosphorylation of Serine 9 on the kinase, and concomitant stabilization of its substrate, β-catenin. Treatment of immature DCs with a GSK-3β inhibitor increased cell surface expression of CD80, CD86 and CD40 on DCs, enhancing their ability to present antigen and activating IL-2 secretion by T cells. GSK-3β inhibition also parallels dendritic cell maturation in vivo. Our results show that GSK-3β signaling controls DC maturation and suggest that this kinase could be manipulated to modulate adaptive immunity.
The analysis of nanoparticle magnetization vibration using magnetic spectroscopy

The nanoparticle magnetization induced by a sinusoidal field is a distorted sinusoid and the amount of the distortion is determined by the mobility of the magnetizations. The distortion is higher for nanoparticle magnetizations with limited mobility. The mobility of the magnetizations is influenced by a variety of factors that are important in biomedical applications: temperature, viscosity and binding are perhaps the most obvious. The distortion can be quantified by a ratio of the Fourier coefficients, which is independent of concentration and can be measured in vivo. For example, we have introduced a method of measuring the temperature in vivo and the method can be extended to measure the other factors that influence the mobility of the magnetization.
Flow Mechanism for Stall Margin Improvement due to Circumferential Casing Grooves on Axial Compressors

A computational study is carried out to understand the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement in stall margin of an axial flow rotor due to the circumferential casing grooves. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show an increase in operating range of the low speed rotor in the presence of casing grooves. A budget of the axial momentum equation is carried out at the rotor casing in the tip gap in order to understand the physical process behind this stall margin improvement. It is shown that for the smooth casing the net axial pressure force at the rotor casing in the tip gap is balanced by the net axial shear stress force. However, for the grooved casing the net axial shear stress force acting at the casing is augmented by the axial force due to the radial transport of axial momentum, which occurs across the grooves and power stream interface. This additional force adds to the net axial viscous shear force and thus leads to an increase in the stall margin of the rotor.
Differentiation of two abnormalities in thyroid peroxidase causing organification defect and goitrous hypothyroidism.

Abstract Clinical and laboratory evaluations are reported on two patients with congenital goiter and hypothyroidism due to iodide organification defect. In one patient, a 31-yr-old white male with severe mental retardation, administration of perchlorate caused discharge of 69% of the radioiodine accumulated in the thyroid gland. Thyroid tissue had negligible peroxidase activity in the tyrosine-iodinase, triiodide, and guaiacol assays. Preincubation of subcellular fractions with hematin restored activity. The restored enzyme was labile to high concentrations of H2O2 (5.6 × 10−4M H2O2 produced inhibition in the triiodide assay). Heating of the enzyme for 5 min at 46°C produced 50% inactivation, while higher temperatures were required to half-inactivate normal peroxidases. This case represents a second example of the “peroxidase apoenzyme-prosthetic group defect” causing congenital goiter. The second patient, an example of the “deficient peroxidase defect”, was a 10-yr-old girl with 35% discharge of thyroidal radioiodine by perchlorate. Peroxidase activity in the goiter tissue was quantitatively decreased (10%–20% of normal values) but kinetically normal with respect to apparent Km for H2O2. Hematin had little effect on the enzyme. Peroxidase activity had abnormal subcellular distribution, since pellets sedimenting between 39,000 and 105,000 g contained most of the activity. Normal thyroglobulin was observed in the thyroid gland of this patient. Two distinct defects of the peroxidase system can produce congenital goiter by limiting organification of iodide.
Refractive indices of monomer‐polymer mixtures of vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate

Monomers of vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate were carefully purified by distillation in a Vigreux column and in a 56-plate glass helixpacked Todd column. The refractive indices and boiling points of the purified monomers agreed with those given in the literature. The purified samples were exposed to the radiation of a quartz mercury lamp in order to produce several per cent polymer. The refractive indices are tabulated and plotted in graphs.
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy Study of Globule Aggregation in Parenteral Fat Emulsions Containing Calcium Chloride

Ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy has been used to study globule aggregation in parenteral fat emulsions. The ultrasonic attenuation spectrum (from 1 to 100 MHz) of a 12 vol % parenteral emulsion was measured at 25 °C. Globule aggregation was then induced in the emulsion by titrating with calcium chloride (0−3.28 mM CaCl2). Dramatic changes in the attenuation spectrum of the emulsion were observed when the globules aggregated, which could be attributed to changes in either the spatial distribution (flocculation) or the size distribution (coalescence) of the globules. The change in globule size during aggregation was calculated using ultrasonic scattering theory assuming that the aggregates are spherical and have properties similar to those of the disperse phase. Ultrasonics has advantages over many other technologies because it can be used to analyze emulsions that are concentrated and optically opaque in situ.
On probing ions at the gas-liquid interface by quantum state-resolved molecular beam scattering: the curious incident of the cation in the night time.

There has been a long standing controversy over the preferential presence or absence of cations vs. anions at the gas–liquid interface, dating back to early theoretical efforts by Onsager and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys., 1934, 2, 528]. In the present work, we describe our first efforts to selectively probe ions at the interface via a completely novel approach, based on scattering high energy, jet cooled molecular projectiles from the surface of hydrogen bonded liquids with dissolved alkali halide salts as the source of solvated charges. In particular, this work focuses on preliminary results from quantum state- resolved scattering studies as a function of anion (Cl−, I−), and cation identity (Li+, Na+, K+) in alkali halide/glycerol solutions. By way of physical picture, a quadrupolar projectile such as CO2 preferentially aligns parallel (anions) or perpendicular (cations) to the interface, which could therefore make rotational energy transfer sensitive to the sign of the ion charge. Experimentally, we find that the impulsive scattered (IS) CO2 rotational distributions reveal a clear dependence on anion identity (e.g., hotter for [I−] than [Cl−]), but with essentially no corresponding sensitivity to cation species (e.g., [Li+] indistinguishable from [K+]). Detailed trajectory calculations are used to provide additional insight into the anticipated and observed experimental trends.
Government Size, Nonprofit Sector Strength, and Corruption: A Cross-National Examination

Government should serve the public good. Yet critics argue that “big government” is a major cause of corruption. This article assesses the empirical validity of their argument through cross-nationa...
Privacy Preserving Reputation Inquiry in a Peer-to-Peer Communication Environment

This research presents a privacy preserving peer-to-peer communication mechanism that allows peers to obtain reputation information of each other through a trustworthy mediator proxy. A mediator proxy is considered trustworthy, if even when it is compromised, it can guarantee three conditions: (1) the anonymity of the identity of the responders and the target being inquired, (2) the privacy of the content in an inquiry and a response, and (3) the boundary limit of the reputation summary with no possibility of combining the response of multiple inquiries to reverse engineer the reputation rating of an individual responder.
Effects of Tetracycline on Leukotaxis

Tetracycline, in concentrations common during therapy, markedly depressed migration of human leukocytes in vitro. Sera from 12 of 13 volunteers who received oral tetracycline after infection with Mycoplasina pneuimoniae inhibited leukotaxis of normal leukocytes. Random migration and chemotaxis of leukocytes from two additional subjects were depressed for up to 24 hr after a single 1-g dose of tetracycline. When tetracycline was tested over a wide range of concentrations, leukotaxis was depressed by lower concentrations (0.01-10 [tg/ml) but was stimulated by higher concentrations (30-300 [ig/ml) of the antibiotic. Metabolic studies revealed that production of leukocyte lactate was elevated significantly in the presence of a high level of tetracycline. The mechanisms by which tetracycline affects leukotaxis are not known.
Allocation rules for land division

This paper studies the classical land division problem formalized by Steinhaus (Econometrica 16 (1948) 101–104) in a multi-profile context. We propose a notion of an allocation rule for this setting. We discuss several examples of rules and properties they may satisfy. Central among these properties is division independence: a parcel may be partitioned into smaller parcels, these smaller parcels allocated according to the rule, leaving a recommended allocation for the original parcel. In conjunction with two other normative properties, division independence is shown to imply the principle of utilitarianism.
31 SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN (SmBP) IN NORMALS AND IN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY (GHD)

The major SmBP in serum is a 150 kD glycoprotein. Its acid-stable subunit was isolated from human plasma Cohn fraction IV by a 3 steps procedure. With the purified protein a RIA was developed which recognizes the complete 150 kD complex in nativ serum. In normal controls there was a considerable increase from 25.7 nmol/l (median, range 14.7 - 44.7) in newborns to 49.4 nmol/l (28.8 - 84.7) after 8 weeks of age. Thereafter SmBP increased continuously to 110.5 nmol/l (77.9 - 156.9) at puberty and declined to 98.9 nmol/l (73.4 - 132.9) in adults. Correlation with IGF-I and IGF-II (by RIA) was non-linear. The sum of both IGF-I and IGF-II correlated linearly with SmBP (r= 0.89) with a regression line intersecting the abscissae at 19.7 nmol/l (about 148 ng/ml) of total IGF-I and -II. In 70 patients with GHD (max. GH < 10 ng/ml in 2 standard tests) 68 had subnormal levels of SmBP (mean SDS for age: -5.52). SmBP increased significantly on treatment with hGH. Conclusions: 1. The 150 kD SmBP is the major BP form in postnatal life. 2. Total serum Sm levels (IGF-I + IGF-II) are primarily determined by SmBP concentration. 3. SmBP is strongly GH dependent. 4. SmBP is a more specific parameter for the diagnosis of GHD compared to IGF-I or -II particularly below age 5.
Children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: 1. Prevalence and cost of care.

The objective of this study was to use population-based data to estimate the prevalence and cost of treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The North Dakota Department of Hea...
A new SERS: scattering enhanced Raman scattering

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can be used to obtain detailed chemical information about a system without the need for chemical markers. It has been widely used for a variety of applications such as cancer diagnosis and material characterization. However, Raman scattering is a highly inefficient process, where only one in 10 11 scattered photons carry the needed information. Several methods have been developed to enhance this inherently weak effect, including surface enhanced Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. These techniques suffer from drawbacks limiting their commercial use, such as the need for spatial localization of target molecules to a ‘hot spot’, or the need for complex laser systems. Here, we present a simple instrument to enhance spontaneous Raman scattering using elastic light scattering. Elastic scattering is used to substantially increase the interaction volume. Provided that the scattering medium exhibits very low absorption in the spectral range of interest, a large enhancement factor can be attained in a simple and inexpensive setting. In our experiments, we demonstrate an enhancement of 10 7 in Raman signal intensity. The proposed novel device is equally applicable for analyzing solids, liquids, and gases.
Cartography's Defining Moment: The Peters Projection Controversy, 1974–1990

This paper documents a famous cartographic controversy played out in the cartographic literature for more than fifteen years. In 1974, a German historian, Arno Peters, introduced what he called The Peters Projection to the cartographic community. It was immediately and roundly condemned as being a copy of one by James Gall, a nineteenth-century evangelist. Both men are discussed in their own contexts. The controversy that then arose is used to illustrate several matters: first, that intellectual traditions proceed through debate and contest, rather than by increasingly accurately describing the world; second, that ideology is an instrumental aspect of cartography. Both these points inform my sense of defining moment, which is used in two ways: on the one hand, the fact that many academic cartographers participated in a controversy about the worth of the Peters projection 'defines' something of the nature of the dominant perspective in cartography; on the other hand, the period over which the controversy o...
An integral approximate solution of heat transfer in the grinding process

An integral approximation solution of heat transfer in the grinding process is presented in this paper. Heat transfer models for the abrasive grain, fluid and workpiece were developed by using the integral approximation method. For the case in which film boiling does not occur in the grinding zone during the grinding process, the workpiece background temperature rise calculated by the present model agreed very well with previous theoretical analysis. The present model can also correctly simulate the grinding process when film boiling occurs in the grinding zone. Furthermore, a simplified model, which is applied only for cases where film boiling does not occur in the grinding zone, has also been developed.
UV Resonance Raman Elucidation of the Terminal and Internal Peptide Bond Conformations of Crystalline and Solution Oligoglycines

Spectroscopic investigations of macromolecules generally attempt to interpret the measured spectra in terms of the summed contributions of the different molecular fragments. This is the basis of the local mode approximation in vibrational spectroscopy. In the case of resonance Raman spectroscopy independent contributions of molecular fragments require both a local mode-like behavior and the uncoupled electronic transitions. Here we show that the deep UV resonance Raman spectra of aqueous solution phase oligoglycines show independent peptide bond molecular fragment contributions indicating that peptide bonds electronic transitions and vibrational modes are uncoupled. We utilize this result to separately determine the conformational distributions of the internal and penultimate peptide bonds of oligoglycines. Our data indicate that in aqueous solution the oligoglycine terminal residues populate conformations similar to those found in crystals (3(1)-helices and β-strands), but with a broader distribution, while the internal peptide bond conformations are centered around the 3(1)-helix Ramachandran angles.
On the Correlation of the Hardness of B2 Compounds with Point Defect Concentrations

Point defects such as vacancies and anti-site atoms are known to strongly affect the mechanical properties of B2 compounds. The variations in the hardness of these compounds with composition and quenching temperature can often be correlated with the concentrations of these point defects. Simple thermodynamic models using a quasi-chemical approach can be used to estimate the concentrations of point defects with composition and temperature. These estimates can often be supported by experimental methods. Knowledge of the concentrations of defects can then be compared to the variations in hardness using solid solution strengthening models. A consistent relationship is found for several B2 compounds. The hardening rates of vacancies are found to be greater than those of anti-site atoms. B2 compounds having the anti-structure defect structure (AuZn, FeCo) are investigated as well as those with the triple-defect structure (FeAl, NiAl, CoAl).
Structure-activity relationships of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid ligand.

Abstract Identification of arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) as an endogenous cannabinoid is one of the most important developments in cannabinoid research in recent years. In a relatively short period of time thereafter, pharmacological and biochemical studies have confirmed initial speculations that anandamide is a neuromodulator and significantly advanced our understanding of cannabinoid biochemistry. Moreover, the discovery of anandamide has led to the identification of two heretofore unknown proteins associated with cannabinoid physiology: 1) Anandamide Amidohydrolase (AAH), an enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic breakdown of anandamide and 2) the Anandamide Transporter (ANT), a carrier protein involved in the transport of anandamide across the cell membrane. Evidence obtained so far suggests that these two proteins, in combination, are responsible for the termination of the biological actions of anandamide. Also, the discovery of anandamide has revealed a novel class of more selective cannabimimetic agents possessing a somewhat different pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic value. A number of such analogs have now been reported many of which possess markedly improved cannabinoid receptor affinity and metabolic stability compared to those of the parent ligand. Generally, anandamide and all known analogs exhibit significant selectivity for the CB 1 receptor and modest to very low affinity for CB 2 . For this reason, this group of compounds can be considered as CB 1 , ligands. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of anandamide for the CB 1 cannabinoid receptor and to define the structural requirements for the substrates and the inhibitors of anandamide amidohydrolase and the anandamide transporter.
Nuclear Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IIδ Preferentially Transmits Signals to Histone Deacetylase 4 in Cardiac Cells

Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) act as repressors of cardiac hypertrophy, an adaptative response of the heart characterized by a reprogramming of fetal cardiac genes. Prolonged hypertrophy often leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Upstream endogenous regulators of class II HDACs that regulate hypertrophic growth are just beginning to emerge. HerewedemonstratethattheδBisoformofcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIδB), known to promote cardiac hypertrophy, transmits signals specifically to HDAC4 but not other class II HDACs. CaMKIIδB efficiently phosphorylates both a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-HDAC4 fragment spanning amino acids 207–311 and full-length FLAG-HDAC4 but not the equivalents in HDAC5. Although previous studies in skeletal muscle cells have shown that HDAC4 lacking serine 246 cannot be phosphorylated by CaMKI/IV, a similar mutant is still phosphorylated by CaMKIIδB. Importantly, mutation of serine 210 to alanine totally abolishes phosphorylation of the GST fragment and significantly reduces phosphorylation of full-length HDAC by CaMKIIδB. RNA interference knockdown of CaMKIIδB prevents the effects of hypertrophic stimuli. Overexpression of CaMKIIδB in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes increases the activity of the Mef2 transcription factor and completely rescues HDAC4-mediated repression of MEF2 but only partially rescues inhibition by HDAC5 or the HDAC4 S210A mutant. CaMKIIδB strongly interacts with HDAC4 in cells but not with HDAC5. These results demonstrate that CaMKIIδB preferentially targets HDAC4, and this involves serine 210. These findings identify HDAC4 as a specific downstream substrate of CaMKIIδB in cardiac cells and have broad applications for the signaling pathways leading to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus focus on quality.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common chronic medical condition that is associated with increased mortality, great morbidity, and diminished quality of life. It can lead to blindness, end-stage renal disease, and lower limb amputations. It is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, disability, depression, and cognitive impairment. Early diagnosis and proper management can prevent or delay these potentially devastating complications, however. The purpose of this article is to provide the latest evidence and recommendations to assist primary care physicians in providing quality ambulatory care to individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The morphology and migration of transverse bars off the west-central Florida coast

Abstract A series of migrating shore-normal sandbars with wavelengths of 75–120 m and heights up to 2 m have been identified off the northern tip of Anna Maria Island, a barrier island on the west-central Florida coast. Similar features have been described elsewhere since the 1930s and termed ‘transverse bars’. The transverse bars identified off Anna Maria Island are found for about 3 km along the coast and extend 4 km offshore, well outside the normal surf-zone width. No cusps or any other associated beach expression is evident despite the fact that the bars come to within about 75 m of the beach. Sediments on the crests of the bars are a well-sorted fine quartz sand, whereas sediments in the troughs are a poorly sorted coarse carbonate shell hash. Historical aerial photographs and repeated high-resolution bathymetric surveys provide a means of quantifying the migration of the transverse bars. Analyses of orthorectified aerial photographs from the early 1940s through the mid 1990s clearly show movement or migration taking place in the bar field. In the 40-yr period from 1951 to 1991, the southern edge of the bar field moved 200–350 m to the south, with an average long-term migration rate of 8 m/yr. Repeated bathymetric surveys over an 8-month period give an average short-term migration rate of 21 m/yr to the south. Wave and current measurements suggest that southerly winds associated with the passage of cold fronts drive near-bed currents to the south that are strong enough to initiate sediment transport and cause the southerly migration of the transverse bars.
Efficacy of combining timolol with other antiglaucoma medications

The ocular hypotensive effects of timolol and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide or methazolamide) are partially additive; that is, concurrent administration of these drugs produces a clinically useful reduction in intraocular pressure which is greater than the effect of either medication alone, but less than the arithmetic sum of the effects of the individual drugs. Similarly, concurrent administration of timolol and a miotic agent (pilocarpine, carbachol, or echothiophate iodide) produces a clinically useful response in most glaucoma patients. In contrast, the ocular hypotensive effects of timolol and epinephrine are poorly additive. Only a minority of patients maintain a substantial, longterm reduction in intraocular pressure when timolol is added to a regimen of epinephrine or vice versa. Ophthalmologists prescribing timolol or epinephrine for patients receiving the other drug are urged to use a therapeutic trial to one eye for several weeks to determine the efficacy of concurrent treatment. The addition of timolol to the medical regimen of patients uncontrolled on maximum tolerated antiglaucoma therapy (a miotic agent, epinephrine and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) reduces intraocular pressure substantially in one-third to one-half of the cases.
Comparison of the Chemical Stability of Li1−xCoO2 and Li1−xNi0.85Co0.15O2 Cathodes

Abstract The chemical stability of the layered Li 1− x CoO 2 and Li 1− x Ni 0.85 Co O.15 O 2 cathodes is compared by monitoring the oxygen content with lithium content (1− x ) in chemically delithiated samples. The Li 1− x CoO 2 system tends to lose oxygen from the lattice at deep lithium extraction while the Li 1− x Ni 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2 system does not lose oxygen at least for (1− x )>0.3. This difference seems to result in a lower reversible (practical) capacity (140 mA h/g) for LiCoO 2 compared to that for LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2 (180 Ma h/g). The loss of significant amount of oxygen leads to a sliding of oxide layers and the formation of a major P3 and a minor O1 phase for the end member CoO 2− δ with δ =0.33. In contrast, Ni 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2− δ with a small amount of δ =0.1 maintains the initial O3 layer structure.
An exact analytical solution of the Falkner-Skan equation with mass transfer and wall stretching

Abstract In this paper, an exact analytical solution of the famous Falkner-Skan equation is obtained. The solution involves the boundary layer flow over a moving wall with mass transfer in presence of a free stream with a power-law velocity distribution. Multiple solution branches are observed. The effects of mass transfer and wall stretching are analyzed. Interesting velocity profiles including velocity overshoot and reversal flows are observed in the presence of both mass transfer and wall stretching. These solutions greatly enrich the analytical solution for the celebrated Falkner-Skan equation and the understanding of this important and interesting equation.
Binuclear ruthenium complexes of fluorous phosphine ligands: Synthesis, properties, and biphasic catalytic activity. Crystal structure of [Ru(μ-O2CMe)(CO)2P(CH2CH2(CF2)5CF3)3]2

Abstract The fluorocarbon soluble, binuclear ruthenium(I) complexes [Ru(μ-O 2 CMe)(CO) 2 L F ] 2 , where L F is the perfluoroalkyl substituted tertiary phosphine, P(C 6 H 4 -4-CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 ) 3 , or P(CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 ) 3 , were synthesized and partition coefficients for the complexes in fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon biphases were determined. Catalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol in benzotrifluoride at 105 °C occured in the presence of either [Ru(μ-O 2 CMe)(CO) 2 P(C 6 H 4 -4-CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 ) 3 ] 2 ( 1 ) or [Ru(μ-O 2 CMe)(CO) 2 P(CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 ) 3 ] 2 ( 2 ). The X-ray crystal structure of [Ru(μ-O 2 CMe)(CO) 2 P(CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 ) 3 ] 2 was determined. The compound exhibited discrete regions of fluorous and non-fluorous packing.
Rheology Modification and Enzyme Kinetics of High Solids Cellulosic Slurries

Chemical additives that reduce the yield stress and viscosity of pretreated corn stover slurries and also enhance the kinetics and overall conversion of cellulose during enzymatic saccharification ...
The Ineffectiveness of Absorbing Coatings on Conducting Objects Illuminated by Long Wavelength Radar

Theoretical and experimental electromagnetic scattering results are presented concerning the effects of applying thin coatings to perfectly conducting scatterers. Most of the paper is concerned explicitly with spheres and cones. It is shown that thin coatings can have little effect on the Rayleigh scattering cross sections. It is also pointed out how the effect of conductivity is enhanced at low frequencies and how, as a consequence, a thin slightly lossy spherical shell scatters like a perfectly conducting sphere in the Rayleigh region.
EPA-1093 – Driving Assessment in Dementia – A Literature Review

Introduction Driving is an essential activity of daily living for many patients. A diagnosis of dementia is likely to affect one's ability to continue driving safely due to cognitive decline. It is the role of the memory services team to inform the patient of the above, assess their risk and advise patients about their driving accordingly. Furthermore given that there are currently no gold standard assessment tools available, the method by which patient risk is assessed is often left of the discretion of the assessor. This literature review looks at assessment of driving to see if there is an effective method that could be adopted by memory service assessors. Objectives To review literature with regards to assessing competency of driving in patients with dementia (pre and post disclosure). Aims To see if there are effective measures, tools or assessment criteria that can effectively determine if a patient is competent to continue driving. Methods PubMed and OvidSP search using ‘driving assessment’ and ‘dementia’ as search criteria for journal publications in English over the past five years. Results The search gave 60 papers from pubmed and 14 from OvidSP. 12 papers met the criteria for selection. Conclusions There are many different tools that can be used to assess cognition, each with varying ability to identify those patients who are at risk when continuing to drive. The problem lies not only in detecting those at risk but there is also the issue over validation for the tests that are available
Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy in Males with Chronic Heel Spur

The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy (ESWT) in men with chronic heel spur (HS). Continuous research was done in the period from January 2011 to October 2013, and involved 52 men, 42-59 years old. The pain level was evaluated according Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Physiotherapists examined patients before, just after it, 3 and 6 months after its completion. ESWT successively decreased pain and such a tendency continued for up to 6 months after the last ESWT session. The observed differences were statistically significant on p = 0.000 level, in men with chronic HS.
Left-handedness: a study of its relation to opposition.

Summary An attempt was made to evaluate the relationship between left-handedness and oppositional tendencies through the use of the White Space (S) response on the Rorschach. Right and left-handed males were administered the Rorschach, and it was found that the left-handed subjects gave significantly more S responses than did the right-handed males. It was felt that the results of this study indicated the existence of a relationship between hand-preference and oppositional tendency. Caution was raised concerning the assumption that oppositional tendencies foster left-handedness. It was pointed out that opposition could also be produced by being left-handed.
Effects of DNA and Pt-DNA electrodes on bulk heterojuction solar cells

Employing DNA molecules provide opportunities for electronics and photonics applications, serving to enhance the device properties as active part of the device or being a linker agent to aid in the self assembly of nanostructures. In this work, the effects of two different sets of biological materials, stand alone DNA sequences and Pt-DNA nanowires on the device properties of bulk heterojunction solar cell devices are being investigated. During the metallization of DNA, a Pt ion activation process over the DNA backbone is followed by a reduction process, where positively charged Pt nanoparticles are assembled on the DNA sequences to form the Pt-DNA complexes via sequential ionic reduction. Pt nanowires 20 nm in diameter are obtained by optimization of the salt reduction parameters of this. Several solar cell devices consisting of Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO layers, are fabricated where DNA sequences or the Pt-DNA nanostructures are placed in between the P3HT:PCBM and the PEDOT:PSS layers. Both DNA sequences and Pt-DNA nanostructures are spray coated onto the PEDOT:PSS layer before spin-coating the PEDOT:PSS polymer mixture. The effects of the DNA and Pt-DNA nanostructures are observed from the I-V characteristics under the standard AM1.5G 1 Sun Test Condition. We observe that both DNA sequences and Pt-DNA nanostructures improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by %12 and %25 respectively. We believe that this increase in PCE is provided by the enhancement of hole collection and a reduction of the recombination loses. In addition, improvement in the short circuit current (Isc) is observed for the DNA containing network. Similar improvements in both Isc and the open circuit voltage (Voc) are observed for the Pt-DNA containing network. We hypothesize that while the high resistance of the DNA network limits charge collection, comparably low resistance Pt-DNA network improves this feature.
Attributable risk estimate of severe psoriasis on major cardiovascular events.

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that psoriasis, particularly if severe, may be a risk factor for major adverse cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. We compared the risk of major adverse cardiac events between patients with psoriasis and the general population and estimated the attributable risk of severe psoriasis. Methods We performed a cohort study in the General Practice Research Database. Severe psoriasis was defined as receiving a psoriasis diagnosis and systemic therapy (N=3603). Up to 4 patients without psoriasis were selected from the same practices and start dates for each patient with psoriasis (N=14,330). Results Severe psoriasis was a risk factor for major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.85) after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia. After fully adjusted analysis, severe psoriasis conferred an additional 6.2% absolute risk of 10-year major adverse cardiac events. Conclusion Severe psoriasis confers an additional 6.2% absolute risk of a 10-year rate of major adverse cardiac events compared with the general population. This potentially has important therapeutic implications for cardiovascular risk stratification and prevention in patients with severe psoriasis. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Stimulated chemotactic response in neutrophils from Trichinella pseudospiralis-infected mice and the neutrophilotactic potential of Trichinella extracts

Abstract During infection with Trichinella pseudospiralis a strong neutrophil response is evident in the peripheral circulation of the mouse. This study compared the chemotactic response of neutrophils from uninfected. T. pseudospiralis -infected and Trichinella spiralis -infected mice to extracts from adult worms, newborn larvae and muscle-stage larvae of both species of parasite. The chemotactic response of neutrophils from T. pseudospiralis -infected mice to Zymosan-activated mouse serum (ZAMS) was significantly greater than that seen with neutrophils from either uninfected or T. spiralis -infected mice. Unstimulated chemotactic response of neutrophils from these three groups of animals to medium alone was similar. The chemotactic response of neutrophils from the three groups of animals was unaffected by either the concentration or source of serum. The chemotactic response of neutrophils from T. pseudospiralis -infected mice was significantly greater than that observed with cells from uninfected or T. spiralis -infected mice. Among parasite extracts, those from newborn larvae displayed the strongest chemotactic potential for neutrophils. Extracts from muscle larvae of T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis and extracts of T. spiralis adult worms showed the weakest attraction for neutrophils. Extracts from adult T. pseudospiralis and from newborn larvae of both species elevated the chemotactic response of uninfected mouse neutrophils to a significantly greater level than that seen with ZAMS alone, while a significant reduction in this response was evident only when ZAMS was presented to neutrophils with 500 μg of extract from muscle larvae of T. pseudospiralis or T. spiralis . These results demonstrate that neutrophils isolated from T. pseudospiralis -infected mice appear in general to be chemotactically hyperresponsive compared to neutrophils recovered from uninfected or T. spiralis -infected mice and that extracts of adult worms and newborn larvae of T. pseudospiralis exhibit strong neutrophil chemotactic potential. These phenomena may underlie the strong neutrophil response characteristic of infections with this species of Trichinella .
Multimodal capture of consumer intent in retail

In this paper we present a prototype for capturing retail related consumer intent using multiple devices and in multimodal input formats such as text, audio, and still images. The prototype was used in a longitudinal user study to analyze the process that consumers go through in order to make purchasing decisions. Based on these findings, we recommend desirable features for information management systems specifically designed for the retail environment.