cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posttransplant hypertension: Studies of cortical blood flow and the renal pressor system

Posttransplant hypertension: Studies of cortical blood flow and the renal pressor system. Thirteen hypertensive and six normotensive posttransplant patients were studied 6 to 28 months after grafting. No significant differences in prednisone dosage, incidence of pretransplant hypertension, remaining diseased kidneys, glomerular filtration rate, type of donor or original renal disease existed between groups. Using a 133 Xe-xenon washout technique, hypertensive patients had lower mean renal blood flow, 130 + 18 ml/100 g/min, and cortical blood flow, 211 + 15 ml/100 g/min, than the 260 ± 24 and the 414 ± 37 ml/100 g/min, respectively, (P Hypertension arterielle apres transplantation: Etude du debit sanguin cortical et du systeme hypertenseur renal. Treize malades hypertendus et six malades normotendus apres transplantation renale ont ete etudies 6 a 28 mois apres la greffe. Il n'y avait pas de difference significative entre les deux groupes dans la posologie de la prednisone, l'incidence de l'hypertension avant la transplantation, les reins leses restants, le debit de filtration glomerulaire, le type de donneur ou la maladie renale initiale. Avec une technique de lavage du xenon-133, les malades hypertendus avaient des debits renaux moyens et corticaux plus faibles que ceux obtenus dans le groupe normotendu (130 ± 18 ml/100 g/min et 211 ±15 ml/100 g/min au lieu de 260 ± 24 et 414 ml/100 g/min, P
POSITIVE T WAVES IN RIGHT CHEST LEAD (V1) AS AN INDEX OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTENSION IN VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT IN THE YOUNG

It is believed that right ventricular pressure (RVP) at or near systemic levels is associated with negative T waves in VI (TV1), while positive TV1 represents mild RV hypertension. This study was undertaken to assess TV1 morphology as a predictor of RVP in 35 patients (pts,) with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) and 28 pts,, with VSD and pulmonary stenosis (PS), aged 0.5-36 mos. who had electrocardiogram and cardiac catheterization within 24 hours. TV1 morphology was classified as positive (TV1+), isoelectric (TV1±), or negative (TV1-). Significant RV hypertension was defined as a systolic RVP ≥60mmHg. or an RVP/LV ≥0.66. Results follow: Thus, TV1+ appears to be an excellent predictor of significant RV hypertension in pts. with isolated VSD, while TV1- suggests RVP ≤60mmHg. On the contrary, regardless of TV1 morphology, the majority of patients with VSD and PS had significant RV hypertension.
Immunologic events in pigeon breeders' disease

Abstract The immunologic and physiologic status of a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders was studied in an attempt to define the immunologic events occurring in pigeon breeders' disease. Antibody activity to antigen(s) present in pigeon dropping extract (PDE) and pigeon serum (PS) was detected in the serum of both symptomatic and asymptomatic breeders. Antibody activity, however, tended to be greater in the symptomatic pigeon breeders. When subjects were challenged with PS via aerosol, serum complement activity became depressed only in asymptomatic patients. Cellular hypersensitivity to antigens present in PDE was detected in vitro in peripheral lymphocyte populations of 4 of 5 symptomatic breeders and in none of the asymptomatic breeders; cellular hypersensitivity to antigens in PS was not demonstrated in any of the individuals tested. These findings indicate that cell-mediated hypersensitivity, as well as humoral immunologic processes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in pigeon breeders.
Introduction [to “Transactions of 1941, Part II”]

The American Geophysical Union was established in 1919 as the American Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and its Executive Committee is the Committee on geophysics of the National Research Council. The objects of the Union are to promote the study of problems concerned with the figure and physics of the Earth, to initiate and coordinate researches which depend upon international and national cooperation, and to provide for their scientific discussion and publication. In the accomplishment of these objects, the Union is divided into Sections following the plan of organization of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. There are now eight Sections, namely, (a) Geodesy, (b) Seismology, (c) Meteorology, (d) Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, (e) Oceanography, (f) Volcanology, (g) Hydrology, and (b) Tectonophysics. A Section of Geophysical Chemistry was discontinued May 31, 1924, as the International Union had failed to provide such a Section. The Section of Hydrology was established November 15, 1930—matters pertaining to scientific hydrology referred to the American Geophysical Union had been previously looked after by special committees on Hydrology. The Section of Tectonophysics was established April 9, 1940, for the purpose of promoting and encouraging research of fundamental importance to our knowledge of Earth-structure not covered in any one of the other Sections of the Union.
Education, Virtue and Democracy in the Work of Emile Durkheim

Abstract A condition for a flourishing liberal society, I believe, is a public education similar to that recommended by Durkheim. Its heterogeneous character, embracing critical thought and shared traditions, autonomy and community, human diversity and social unity, provides a powerful support for and challenge to liberal, democratic institutions. Durkheim mingled standard liberal and communitarian values‐‐values supporting individual rights and critical thought, on one hand, and values supporting the common good and tradition on the other. On my reading, Durkheim forged a middle way between liberalism and communitarianism, thereby rescuing us from the forced option that is often erected‐‐defend “the individual” or protect “the community”. He championed various authoritative perspectives from society's shared understanding as a means to cultivate, in students, dispositions for social criticism. Tradition and critical thought go hand in hand, in Durkheim's view, because social critics, faced with changing ...
Two-Dimensional Differential Adherence and Myoblast Alignment Driven Fabrication of Engineered C2C12 Muscle Organoids

Differential adherent surfaces were used to induce attachment of C2C12 myoblasts that later would form engineered muscle organoids. Narrow channels, 60–400 µm wide, were micromachined in a 2% agarose gel using an ArF laser, and subsequently filled with extracellular matrix. Upon addition of 1 mL of a 2×104 cells/mL myoblast suspension, cells selectively adhered to the ECM lined channels in a non-confluent manner and we monitored their growth at various time points. The adherent myoblasts were flourescently imaged with a propidium iodide live/dead assay, which revealed that the cells were alive within the channels. After 72 hours growth, the myoblasts grew, proliferated and differentiated into myotubes. Myoblasts residing in the narrow channels (60–150 µm wide) aligned parallel to the channel, while myoblasts adhered to the wide channel (400 µm) were randomly aligned within the channel. The fully-grown 1 cm long organoids maintained an aspect ratio on the order of 100:1. These results provide the foundation for future three-dimensional tissue growth using differential adherent surfaces.
A pharmacologic study of the effects of various pharmaceutical vehicles on the action of orally administered phenobarbital

The ED 50 -ED 95 /LD 5 of phenobarbital sodium orally to rats 5 cc./Kg. was 126–190/240 mg./Kg. Constant dosage for this study was 200 mg./Kg. or equivalent. Normalcy, instead of righting reflex regained, was used to define termination of narcosis. Phenobarbital sodium was more efficient than phenobarbital when given in aqueous agar solution-suspensions. Increasing viscosity by increasing sucrose concentration of vehicle progressively lengthened induction time. There was more rapid absorption from hypotonic than hypertonic solutions of phenobarbital sodium; yet there was less rapid absorption when given 10 cc./Kg. than 5 cc./Kg. using an 80 per cent sucrose vehicle. A sex and species variation in response was noted. Calculations utilizing log transformation data were used to summarize most accurately results obtained.
Designed experiment to find the optimal combination of the factors for the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to measure cylindricity of engine cylinder bore

This experimental study investigated the relationship between scan speed, point density, outlier elimination, probe diameter, probing force, filtration, part location in the measuring envelope of a CMM, and part orientation in the CMM. The goal of this investigative study was not only to find the best optimal combination of the factors but also to determine factor levels in CMM that influence cylindricity measurement. The results of the CMM measurements were compared with FAG (a reference form measuring machine) and verified the CMM capability and accuracy of measuring the cylinder bore geometry. A quarter fraction experimental design with 64 runs was conducted to gain knowledge among all factors. A confirmatory run was performed to validate the findings.
THE DIFFRACTION OF SECOND-ORDER BICHROMATIC WAVES BY A SEMI-IMMERSED HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR CYLINDER

Abstract The diffraction of second-order bichromatic Stokes waves by a semi-immersed horizontal rectangular cylinder (prism) is investigated theoretically. The problem is assumed two-dimensional and the fluid domain is divided into three regions: upwave, beneath and downwave of the structure. Analytical expressions for the velocity potentials in each region at both first- and second-order are obtained by an eigenfunction expansion approach. The solutions in each fluid region are linked through matching conditions on the imaginary fluid interfaces between them. Semi-analytical expressions are derived for the sum-and difference-frequency hydrodynamic loads and the free-surface elevations upwave and downwave of the structure to second-order. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the influence of the different wave and structural parameters on these quantities at both first- and second-order.
Numerical study of plane couette flow in a rotating framework

A numerical study of laminar plane Couette flow subjected to a steady spanwise rotation is conducted. The full nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations in a steadily rotating framework are solved by a finite difference method for a long, large-aspect-ratio rectangular channel where the outer wall moves at a constant velocity. In this manner, nonlinear and wall end effects which are present in any real laboratory Couette flow experiment are taken into account. The computations demonstrate the existence of a roll instability, at intermediate rotation rates, when the Reynolds number exceeds a critical value of 42. The associated secondary flow in the form of longitudinal rolls is shown to have a severe distortional effect on the primary axial velocity in the interior of the channel which is not linear like its counterpart in an inertial framework. Comparisons are made with previously conducted linear stability analyses as well as with other analogous numerical and experimental studies.
Effects of fumonisin B1 on selected immune responses in broiler chicks

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate immune responses in chicks fed fumonisin B1 (FB1). Day-old male chicks were randomly allotted to dietary treatments: 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg FB1/kg diet. In Experiment 1, chicks were fed diets for 3 wk and were injected intravenously with 4.6x10(6) Escherichia coli on Day 21. Blood samples were collected at 60, 120, and 180 min postinjection, and liver, spleen, and lung were collected after 180 min. Chicks fed 200 mg FB1/kg diet had significantly higher numbers of bacterial colonies in blood, spleen, and liver (P or = 2.5 microg FB1/mL. Data of the current study suggested that FB1 is immunosuppressive in chicks when present in the ration at 200 mg FB1/kg diet.
Prevention of focal intimal hyperplasia in rat vein grafts by using a tissue engineering approach

Abstract The present study focused on the role of blood flow in the formation of focal intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts, as well as the development of an engineering approach that can be used to eliminate disturbed blood flow and prevent blood flow-related focal intimal hyperplasia. A rat vein graft model was constructed by interposing a jugular vein into the abdominal aorta with end-to-end anastomoses. Locally disturbed flow was identified by analyzing particle streak-lines in methyl salicylate-cleared and perfused vein grafts in vitro with a physiological Reynolds number. At day 10, 20, and 30 after surgery, focal intimal hyperplasia of the vein grafts was examined using a histological approach and the density of α -actin positive cells was determined using immunohistological and fluorescent approaches. Results showed that apparent eddy blood flow formed at the proximal, but not at the distal, end of the vein grafts due to graft-host diameter mismatch and local geometric distortions, and was associated with apparent focal intimal hyperplasia. The thickness of the α -actin positive layers of the proximal vein grafts was significantly higher than that of the distal grafts (192±27 vs. 94±18 μ m, 278±55 vs. 124±20 μ m, and 288±24 vs. 131 ±23 μ m for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively). The density of the α -actin positive cells, however, was similar between the proximal and the distal regions (3569±361 vs. 3285±343 cells/mm 2 , 5540±650 vs. 5376±887 cells/mm 2 , and 5465±791 vs. 5278±524 cells/mm 2 for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively). When eddy blood flow was eliminated by matching the graft-host diameters using a tissue engineering approach, the average thickness of the α -actin positive layers of the proximal (71±15, 86±16, and 85±14 μ m for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively) and the distal vein grafts (68±13, 80±14, and 79±13 μ m for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively) was reduced significantly. The density of the α -actin positive cells was also reduced significantly in the proximal (2946±359, 3261±295, 3472±599 cells/mm 2 for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively) and in the distal regions (3151±511, 3466±687, 3593±688 cells/mm 2 for day 10, 20, and 30, respectively). The thickness of the α -actin positive layers and the density of the α -actin positive cells were not significantly different between the proximal and distal regions of the engineered vein grafts at each observation time. These results suggest that eddy flow may develop in vein grafts and may facilitate the formation of focal intimal hyperplasia, and the vascular tissue engineering approach developed in this study may be used to prevent blood flow-related focal intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts.
Complications related to inferior vena cava filters: a single-center experience

We reviewed our experience with the different types of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters used over 4 years for the incidence of complications and correlated this with the type of filter used. This is a retrospective study involving chart reviews of all the patients who received IVC filters placed between January 2002 and January 2006. Data related to indications for filter insertion and the incidence of early (30 days) and late complications related to the filter insertion were collected. Complications were correlated to the type of filter and the indication for insertion. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test, and p<0.05 was considered significant. During this period 400 filters were inserted. There were 199 males (49.7%) and 201 females (50.25%). The mean patient age was 61 years (range 17-86). Filters used included TrapEase in 224 (56%), Greenfield filter in 95 (23.8%), Gunther-Tulip in 42 (10.5%), Bard recovery nitinol (all first-generation) in 34 (8.5%), and Simon Nitinol filter in five (1.2%). The indications for IVC filter insertion included acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) event in 273 patients (68.25%) and pulmonary embolism (PE) prophylaxis in 127 (31.75%) patients. In the group with VTE, 59 (21.6%) had contraindication for anticoagulation and 34 (12.5%) had hypercoagulable/malignant conditions. In the 127 patients who received the filter for PE prophylaxis in the absence of VTE, 107 (84.3%) had fractures, 43 (33.9%) had head injury, 32 (25.2%) had multiple trauma, and 15 (11.8%) had paralysis. Sixteen (12.6%) of the prophylaxis patients had IVC filter insertion prior to an elective surgical procedure. Complications in the form of hematoma at the site of filter insertion occurred in four (1%) patients, ipsilateral limb deep vein thrombosis in 15 (3.8%) patients, migration/tilt of filter in six (1.5%) patients, PE in six (1.5%) patients, and IVC thrombosis in 19 (4.75%) patients. Migration/tilt was higher in Bard filters compared to other filters, individually (p<0.004) and as a group (11.8% vs. 0.55%, p<0.0005). All other complication had a comparable incidence in all filters. However, in the group of patients (n=34) who had hypercoagulable/malignant conditions, the incidence of IVC thrombosis was higher with TrapEase filters compared to all other filters as a group (25% vs. 0%, p<0.05). In conclusion, IVC filters are frequently used for prophylaxis in the absence of VTE conditions. Complications are relatively low. All types of filters used in this study had comparable complications with the exception of the Bard filter, which had a higher incidence of tilt, and the TrapEase filter, which had a higher incidence of IVC thrombosis, in patients with hypercoagulable/malignant conditions.
Evolution of median fin modules in the axial skeleton of fishes

Detailed examples of how hierarchical assemblages of modules change over time are few. We found broadly conserved phylogenetic patterns in the directions of development within the median fins of fishes. From these, we identify four modules involved in their positioning and patterning. The evolutionary sequence of their hierarchical assembly and secondary dissociation is described. The changes in these modules during the evolution of fishes appear to be produced through dissociation, duplication and divergence, and co-option. Although the relationship between identified median fin modules and underlying mechanisms is unclear, Hox addresses may be correlated. Comparing homologous gene expression and function in various fishes may test these predictions. The earliest actinopterygians likely had dorsal and anal fins that were symmetrically positioned via a positioning module. The common patterning (differentiation) of skeletal elements within the dorsal and anal fins may have been set into motion by linkage to this positioning module. Frequent evolutionary changes in dorsal and anal fin position indicate a high level of dissociability of the positioning module from the patterning module. In contrast, the patterning of the dorsal and anal fins remains linked: In nearly all fishes, the endo- and exoskeletal elements of the two fins co- differentiate. In all fishes, the exoskeletal fin rays differentiate in the same directions as the endoskeletal supports, indicating complete developmental integration. In acanthopterygians, a new first dorsal fin module evolved via duplication and divergence. The median fins provide an example of how basic modularity is maintained over 400 million years of evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev.
Composition of energetic particles in the Jovian magnetotail

[1] The New Horizons spacecraft offered a unique opportunity to explore the distant Jovian magnetotail to over 2565 Jovian Radii. Previous observations of ion abundances were available only out to ∼150 Jovian Radii. During the 100+-day exploration of the magnetotail, New Horizons observed a number of energetic particle bursts, similar to particle bursts observed by Galileo much closer to Jupiter. We examine the composition of these dynamic structures and compare the ion abundances with those found in more quiescent regions. We show that the composition of these energetic bursts is Iogenic and suggest it is within these bursts that Jupiter releases the bulk of its energetic material. We report on the ion composition ratios as a function distance down the Jovian magnetotail, finding an increasing intrusion of interplanetary He into the tail with distance from the planet. These observations show that the radial gradients in particle flux observed by Galileo in the magnetotail close to Jupiter extend deep into the magnetotail. We observed large electron intensities at the noon magnetopause crossing and continuous strong 10-h modulations in electron intensity to nearly 500 Jovian Radii toward the tail. Our current hypothesis is that Jupiter enforces azimuthal rotation on some fields to distances of over a few hundred Jovian Radii. At distances greater than 500 Jovian Radii we observed long-duration periods of strong electron anisotropy beaming down the magnetotail. Intermittent observations of 10-h electron modulations continue into distant regions of the magnetotail and we suggest these are a signature of occasional field line connection to the magnetosphere.
Water and Erosion Management with Multiple Applications of Polyacrylamide in Furrow Irrigation

Polyacrylamide (PAM) in furrow irrigation water eliminates 94% of runoff sediment. Higher infiltration (15-50%) can result in upperfield uverirrigation. We hypothesized that PAM would lengthen advance time, but that interactions with flow rate and wheel-track (WT) Ihrrows would occur, influencing erosion and infiltration with potential for improved water management. A 2-yr study conducted on 1.5% slope Portneuf soil (Dnrinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) was irrigated with 10 g tn-1 PAM in advancing 23 L min-1 furrow streams (reduced to 19 L min-1 after advance) (PAM treatment, 1 1) or without PAM (control, C). Initial inflows in 1994 were 23 L min-1 (normal flow rate, N) or 45 L min- 1 (high flow rate, H) with or without PAM. The application of PAM at 23 L min-1 (PN) increased 2-yr mean advance time 33% and reduced runoff soil loss 88% compared with controls (CN). Polyacrylamide applied at 45 L min-' (PH) reduced advance time 8% and soil loss 75% compared with CN, whereas untreated 45 L min-1 inflows (CH) cut advance time 42% but raised soil loss 158%. The CH and PH raised infiltration 11 and 35% more than CN respectively. Polyacrylamide halted erosion in all furrows, but in WT furrows had no effect on advance time and Bide infiltration effect after two or three irrigations. This is mainly attributed to erosion and deposition increasing control-furrow wetted perimeters; accumulated PAM may also slightly affect seal conductivity. Polyacrylamide raised aggregate stability from 54 to 80% in 1993 and from 63 to 84% in 1994. In 1994, PAM reduced sod strength in furrows from 1.7 to 1.1 Mpa.
Capacity of pilot-aided MIMO communication systems

In this paper a MIMO system with transmit and receive antenna and the channel model with two methods of pilot-aided (PA) schemes are considered. The first scheme is pilot insertion (PI) scheme, where pilots are time multiplexed with data and the second scheme pilot embedding (PE) scheme, where pilots are added and transmitted concurrently with data. The study shows that PI scheme is better than PE scheme. To obtain the capacity the maximum-likelihood channel estimation is used. Then the discrete and continuous capacity of a MIMO channel with imperfect channel estimates is evaluated.
Ranging behaviour and activity of the Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga) in a logged and an unlogged forest in Danum Valley, East Malaysia

The Malay civet Viverra tangalunga is a relatively little known member of Borneo's carnivore community found throughout Peninsular Malaysia, Palawan, Sumatra and adjacent islands and Sulawesi. To investigate the basic ecology of this species and examine the potential impact of selective logging, a radiotelemetry study was carried out in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in Sabah, East Malaysia. From December 1995 to June 1997, home range, movement and activity data were collected on 12 study animals in a dipterocarp rain forest, and comparisons made between civets in a selectively logged and an unlogged site. Mean home-range size was 110 ha and did not differ between sites or gender. In areas of range overlap, radio-collared civets tended to avoid one another. Day beds were located on the ground and were associated with dense cover. Activity levels averaged 55% and were similar between forest types and gender. Most activity occurred from 18:00 to 07:00 during which mean activity was 81%. In a single day, males travelled further and covered a larger part of their home range than females. Roads and trails were used by both sexes, and roads were the only observed source of mortality resulting from vehicles. While density was higher in the unlogged forest, this species persists in both areas. The ability to survive in disturbed habitats might be influenced by the proximity of undisturbed habitat that served as a biological reservoir, or source of individuals to immigrate into the disturbed habitat.
Complexity and Analyst Following of Multinational Firms

This research studies the association between multinational firm complexity and analyst following. We first present a model of a firm?s operational complexity in terms of its lines of business and geographic operating regions, considered separately, jointly, and interactively, including a measure of operating segment complexity incorporating both line of business and geographic region information. Using ordinary least squares regression, we empirically measure the relationship between firm complexity and analyst following, controlling for firm size, risk, and ownership structure. Our analysis of about 250 firms is consistent with our hypothesis of a negative association between firm complexity and analyst following. Results on the interactive variable, operating segment complexity, are negative and significantly associated with analyst following. However, this model does not improve on those including lines of business and geographic operating regions separately and jointly. Our findings add to our understanding of the role of complexity in affecting analyst following of multinational firms, and have implications for segment reporting under SFAS 131.
Wavelet-Based Encoding for HD Applications

In the past decades, most of the research on image and video compression has focused on addressing high bandwidth-constrained environments. However, for high resolution and high quality image and video compression, as in the case of high definition television (HDTV) or digital cinema (DC), the primary constraints are related to quality and flexibility. This paper presents a comparison between scalable wavelet-based video codecs and the state of the art in single point encoding and it investigates the obtainable compression efficiency when using temporal correlation with respect to pure intra coding.
Expression of Mutant p193 and p53 Permits Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Reentry After Myocardial Infarction in Transgenic Mice

Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of p193 and p53 mutants with dominant-interfering activities renders embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes responsive to the growth promoting activities of the E1A viral oncoproteins. In this study, the effects of p53 and p193 antagonization on cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in normal and infarcted hearts were examined. Transgenic mice expressing the p193 and/or the p53 dominant-interfering mutants in the heart were generated. Transgene expression had no effect on cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in uninjured adult hearts. In contrast expression of either transgene resulted in a marked induction of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity at the infarct border zone at 4 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion. Expression of the p193 dominant-interfering mutant was also associated with an induction of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in the interventricular septa of infarcted hearts. A concomitant and marked reduction in hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth was observed in the septa of hearts expressing the p193 dominant-interfering transgene, suggesting that cell cycle activation might partially counteract the adverse ventricular remodeling that occurs after infarction. Collectively these data suggest that antagonization of p193 and p53 activity relaxes the otherwise stringent regulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry in the injured adult heart.
Three-dimensional profilometry with nearly focused binary phase-shifting algorithms

This Letter investigates the effects of different phase-shifting algorithms on the quality of high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) profilometry produced with nearly focused binary patterns. From theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments, we found that the nine-step phase-shifting algorithm produces accurate 3-D measurements at high speed without the limited depth range and calibration difficulties that typically plague binary defocusing methods. We also found that the use of more fringe patterns does not necessarily enhance measurement quality.
Nuclear Factor-κB Is Selectively and Markedly Activated in Humans With Unstable Angina Pectoris

Background —Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) resides inactive in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes, monocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, where, after stimulation, it transcriptionally activates interleukins, interferon, tumor necrosis factor-α, and adhesion molecules. Because acute inflammation may play a role in coronary artery plaque rupture, it was hypothesized that NF-κB activation correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) activity. Methods and Results —Evidence of NF-κB activation in the circulation of 102 consecutive patients without an acute myocardial infarction who were undergoing cardiac catheterization was determined. Of these, 19 had unstable angina (USA) and were within 24 hours of the last episode of chest pain. The remaining 83 were being evaluated for stable angina (53), valvular heart disease (8), atypical chest pain (12), or congestive heart failure (10). Evidence of NF-κB activation was determined by electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) with the NF-κB binding-site–specific probe and nuclear proteins isolated from the buffy coat of blood obtained at the beginning of the procedure. Specificity of this DNA-protein interaction was confirmed by competition and supershift EMSAs. Analyses showed that 17 of 19 patients with USA had marked activation of NF-κB. Despite a significant number of patients with severe CAD (69%), only 2 of the 83 without USA showed marked NF-κB activation. A lack of NF-κB activation was not due to a lack of functional cell/protein because NF-κB was appropriately activated by lipopolysaccharide ex vivo in all patients. NF-κB activation was not a nonspecific response of all transcription factors because neither Sp1 or Oct1 was activated in patients with activated NF-κB. There was no relationship between drugs used, hemodynamic status, or other clinical characteristics and state of NF-κB activation. Conclusions —These data show that NF-κB is specifically and significantly activated in unstable angina pectoris and is not affected by severity of CAD or medical therapy. Furthermore, because NF-κB is activated before a clinical event, it may be mechanistically involved in the plaque disruption that produces acute coronary artery syndromes.
A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms

We present a new differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry algorithm for monitoring the temporal evolution of surface deformations. The presented technique is based on an appropriate combination of differential interferograms produced by data pairs characterized by a small orbital separation (baseline) in order to limit the spatial decorrelation phenomena. The application of the singular value decomposition method allows us to easily "link" independent SAR acquisition datasets, separated by large baselines, thus increasing the observation temporal sampling rate. The availability of both spatial and temporal information in the processed data is used to identify and filter out atmospheric phase artifacts. We present results obtained on the data acquired from 1992 to 2000 by the European Remote Sensing satellites and relative to the Campi Flegrei caldera and to the city of Naples, Italy, that demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to follow the dynamics of the detected deformations.
Mechanisms of ATM Activation

The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response, and it coordinates checkpoint activation, DNA repair, and metabolic changes in eukaryotic cells in response to DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative stress. Loss of ATM activity in humans results in the pleiotropic neurodegeneration disorder ataxia-telangiectasia. ATM exists in an inactive state in resting cells but can be activated by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex and other factors at sites of DNA breaks. In addition, oxidation of ATM activates the kinase independently of the MRN complex. This review discusses these mechanisms of activation, as well as the posttranslational modifications that affect this process and the cellular factors that affect the efficiency and specificity of ATM activation and substrate phosphorylation. I highlight functional similarities between the activation mechanisms of ATM, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and the other PI3K-like kinases, as well as recent structural insights into their regulation.
A four-phase model of transdisciplinary team-based research: goals, team processes, and strategies

The complexity of social and public health challenges has led to burgeoning interest and investments in cross-disciplinary team-based research, and particularly in transdisciplinary (TD) team-based research. TD research aims to integrate and ultimately extend beyond discipline-specific concepts, approaches, and methods to accelerate innovations and progress toward solving complex real-world problems. While TD research offers the promise of novel, wide-reaching, and important discoveries, it also introduces unique challenges. In particular, today's investigators are generally trained in unidisciplinary approaches and may have little training in, or exposure to, the scientific skills and team processes necessary to collaborate successfully in teams of colleagues from widely disparate disciplines and fields. Yet these skills are essential to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of TD team-based research. In the current article, we propose a model of TD team-based research that includes four relatively distinct phases: development, conceptualization, implementation, and translation. Drawing on the science of team science field, as well as the findings from previous research on group dynamics and organizational behavior, we identify key scientific goals and team processes that occur in each phase and across multiple phases. We then provide real-world exemplars for each phase that highlight strategies for successfully meeting the goals and engaging in the team processes that are hallmarks of that phase. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the model for TD team-based research initiatives, funding to support these initiatives, and future empirical research that aims to better understand the processes and outcomes of TD team-based research.
Modeling long distance dependence in language: topic mixtures vs. dynamic cache models

We investigate a new statistical language model which captures topic-related dependencies of words within and across sentences. First, we develop a sentence-level mixture language model that takes advantage of the topic constraints in a sentence or article. Second, we introduce topic-dependent dynamic cache adaptation techniques in the framework of the mixture model. Experiments with the static (or unadapted) mixture model on the 1994 WSJ task indicated a 21% reduction in perplexity and a 3-4% improvement in recognition accuracy over a general n-gram model. The static mixture model also improved recognition performance over an adapted n-gram model. Mixture adaptation techniques contributed a further 14% reduction in perplexity and a small improvement in recognition accuracy.
Ultrasonic Threshold Dosages for the Mammalian Central Nervous System

The ultrasonic threshold doses (acoustic intensity and time duration of a single pulse) to produce functional and structural irreversible effects in the mouse, rat, cat, monkey, and human central nervous systems are presented for a wide range of the pertinent parameters. There does not appear to be an important dependence upon frequency in the range from 1 to 6 MHz. Embryonic tissue is found to be appreciably more sensitive than adult tissue. From considerations of the measured outputs of commercially available ultrasonic diagnostic instruments, the experimentally determined threshold dosages necessary to produce these irreversible effects, and reports of clinical experience, it is concluded that ultrasound does not present a hazard, as currently employed for medical diagnostic purposes.
A new finite-difference representation for the vorticity at a wall with suction

Abstract In two-dimensional convective transport, the vorticity at a wall is usually not well specified. There exist several representations to relate the vorticity at a wall to the stream function and interior vorticity values. These are shown to be inadequate when suction occurs at the wall. A new representation is proposed and shown to be significantly superior to the existing ones. The analysis can also be applied to heat transfer calculations at a wall with suction.
Fibrous Concrete Repair of Cavitation Damage

Libby Dam is a high head concrete structure on the Columbia River System. After moderate usage, one of the sluices (low level outlets) developed severe cavitation damage. The concrete was investigated thoroughly and found to exceed design criteria with strength ranging between 6,530 psi (45,057 kN/m²) and 9,650 psi (66,585 kN/m²). Since the cause of cavitation was not known, the damaging forces could not be eliminated. The repair had to be strong, practical, and more cavitation resistant than the original material. Several procedures were considered before a fibrous concrete pour back was decided upon. A mix design procedure for the fibrous concrete was developed that would insure the workability necessary to place the pour back around severe congestion of reinforcing and anchor bars. The placement was successful and service to date shows no damage of the repaired area.
The Visual Politics of Un/Veiling the Female Body in Political Protest

The Ukrainian group FEMEN, who formed in 2008 and whose “sextremist” events drew international media attention (“‘Sextremist'”), opens up a key set of issues for communication scholars interested i...
Allergy-immunology practice parameters and strength of recommendation data: an evolutionary perspective.

Abstract Background The practice parameters for allergy and immunology (A/I) are a valuable tool guiding practitioners' clinical practice. The A/I practice parameters have evolved over time in the context of evidence-based medicine milestones. Objectives To identify evolutionary trends in the character, scope, and evidence underlying recommendations in the A/I practice parameters. Methods Practice parameters that have guided A/I from 1995 through 2014 were analyzed. Statements and recommendations with strength of recommendation categories A and B were considered to have a basis in evidence from controlled trials. Results Forty-three publications and updates covering 25 unique topics were identified. There was great variability in the number of recommendations made and the proportion of statements with controlled trial evidence. The mean number of recommendations made per practice parameter has decreased significantly, from 95.8 to a mean of 38.3. There also is a trend toward an increased proportion of recommendations based on controlled trial evidence in practice parameters with fewer recommendations, with a mean of 30.7% in practice parameters with at least 100 recommendations based on controlled trial evidence compared with 48.3% in practice parameters with 30 to 100 recommendations and 51.0% in those with fewer than 30 recommendations. Conclusion The A/I practice parameters have evolved significantly over time. Encouragingly, greater controlled trial evidence is associated with updated practice parameters and a recent trend of more narrowly focused topics. These findings should only bolster and inspire confidence in the utility of the A/I practice parameters in assisting practitioners to navigate through the uncertainty that is intrinsic to medicine in making informed decisions with patients.
An efficient parallel algorithm for finding rectangular duals of plane triangular graphs

We present an efficient parallel algorithm for constructing rectangular duals of plane triangular graphs. This problem finds applications in VLSI design and floor-planning problems. No NC algorithm for solving this problem was previously known. The algorithm takesO(log2n) time withO(n) processors on a CRCW PRAM, wheren is the number of vertices of the graph.
Pathology of cerebral vascular malformations

The gross and microscopic features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectases, and venous malformations are compared and contrasted. The pathogenesis of these lesions and possible interrelationships suggested by transitional lesions are also reviewed.
Thermal Resistance of Nano Constrictions

The advent of nanotechnology makes it possible to make constrictions of nanoscale size between contacting solids. For example devices or structures made of nanowires and nanoparticles can form a nano sized constriction. In these structures, the nanowires or nanoparticles are typically in contact with each other or another solid surface forming contact constrictions of the order of few nanometers. Understanding the thermal energy transport across the nano-constrictions is of critical importance in these applications. Our previous study derived the ballistic conductance across the constriction (Prasher, R.S., Nano Letters 5, 2155-2159 (2005)). In this paper, we further consider the wave effect of the phonons when crossing the constrictions. We show in the Rayleigh regime, where the dominant phonon wavelengths are much larger than the constriction sizes, the constriction conductance varies with temperature as T7 © 2006 ASME
Does Multiple Risk Factor Reduction Explain the Reduction in Fall Rate in the Yale FICSIT Trial

In a recent study of fall prevention in 301 community-living older persons (the Yale FICSIT Trial, 1990-1993), participants in the multifactorial targeted intervention (TI) group experienced significantly fewer falls than participants in the social visit (SV) control group. In the present paper, the authors explore the relation between changes in the studied risk factors and the occurrence of falling. In comparison with SV participants, TI participants showed significantly greater improvements in postural blood pressure change (p = 0.01), step length (p = 0.004), use of > or = 4 medications (p = 0.003), and unsafe tub and toilet transfers (p = 0.05), while change in balance was of borderline significance (p = 0.08). Reduction in the occurrence of falling, in turn, was at least marginally associated with improvements in balance, postural blood pressure change, step length, lower extremity strength/range of motion, and transfers. When participants were divided into tertiles based on a composite risk factor change score, a significantly higher percentage of TI participants (42%) than SV participants (22%) were in the greatest risk factor reduction tertile. Among TI participants, there was a progressively lower fall rate per person per year in the tertiles with the least, intermediate, and greatest risk reduction (0.832, 0.624, and 0.260), respectively. A similar but weaker relation between risk factor reduction and fall rate was seen in the SV group. When compared within tertiles, essentially adjusting for the amount of risk factor reduction, the fall rates among TI and SV participants in the greatest risk factor reduction tertile were identical (0.260 falls per person per year), and the rates in the least reduction tertile were similar (0.832 vs. 1.040 falls per person per year); this suggests that risk factor reduction at least partially mediated the treatment effect. These results support the feasibility of implementing and analyzing the effectiveness of a multiple risk factor reduction strategy in the aged.
The psychology of aging: its significance in the practice of geriatric medicine.

Confronting the death experience is one of the major psychologic problems of the aged. Being unable to repress this fear completely, the aged person resorts to various mechanisms of adjustment. He may show evidence of rebellion, manifested by active aggressive behavior; regression, seen in his use of infantile tactics to attain his needs; or obsessive somatic concern.The physician must recognize that senescence is a psychobiologic as well as a biologic phenomenon, weigh the elderly patient's background and environment, and treat him as an individual and as though life were a continuous process for him.
Platelet-associated IgG in patients with lymphoma.

Abstract Levels of platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG) were studied in 72 patients with Hodgkin's (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Thirty-nine percent of patients with HD and 20% of patients with NHL had elevated PA-IgG levels. There was a positive correlation between disease activity and the presence of PA-IgG in HD and NHL. In patients with HD, PA-IgG strongly correlated with extent of disease and may serve as a marker of disease activity. PA-IgG may have facilitated platelet destruction in 5 of 11 thrombocytopenic patients with HD and increased PA-IgG and in 2 patients with HD and increased PA-IgG who developed severe thrombocytopenia when treated with chemotherapy.
Structural Features Essential to the Antimicrobial Functions of Human SPLUNC1.

SPLUNC1 is an abundantly secreted innate immune protein in the mammalian respiratory tract that exerts bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects, binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and acts as a fluid-spreading surfactant. Here, we unravel the structural elements essential for the surfactant and antimicrobial functions of human SPLUNC1 (short palate lung nasal epithelial clone 1). A unique α-helix (α4) that extends from the body of SPLUNC1 is required for the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding activities of this protein. Indeed, we find that mutation of just four leucine residues within this helical motif to alanine is sufficient to significantly inhibit the fluid spreading abilities of SPLUNC1, as well as its bacteriostatic actions against Gram-negative pathogens Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conformational flexibility in the body of SPLUNC1 is also involved in the bacteriostatic, surfactant, and LPS binding functions of the protein as revealed by disulfide mutants introduced...