cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphoreticular malignancy presenting as fulminant hepatic disease

Abstract Four cases of fulminant hepatic disease caused by lymphoreticular infiltration are described. All 4 patients died within a few weeks and clinical diagnoses included viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and drug hepatitis. A diagnosis of malignancy was made prior to autopsy in only 1 of the 4 patients. Autopsies revealed typical malignant histiocytosis in 3 patients and the fourth had a primitive lymphoreticular malignancy with malignant histiocytosis the favored diagnosis. The extent of the liver infiltrate as judged histologically was mild compared with the severe clinical illness. Randomly scattered foci of necrosis associated with the malignant infiltrate were seen in the 2 patients who had marked elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase.
Applications of a Model of Goal Orientation and Self-Regulated Learning to Individuals with Learning Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the applications of a model of goal orientation and self-regulated learning to individuals with learning problems. Self-regulated learning concerns the application of general models of regulation and self-regulation to the issues of learning, in particular academic learning that occurs in school or classroom contexts. An important aspect of models of self-regulation is that individuals regulate toward a goal, thereby implicating the motivational system. Goal-setting is most often assumed to occur before starting a task, but goal-setting can actually occur at any point during performance. Learners may begin a task by setting speciﬁc goals for learning, goals for time use, and goals or criteria for eventual performance, but all of these can be adjusted and changed at any time during task performance as a function of monitoring, control, and reﬂection processes. Cognitive monitoring involves the awareness and monitoring of various aspects of cognition and is an important component of what is classically labeled as metacognition.
Characteristics of storms driving wave-induced seafloor mobility on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between spatial and temporal patterns of wave-driven sediment mobility events on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf and the characteristics of the storms responsible for them. Mobility events, defined as seafloor wave stress exceedance of the critical stress of 0.35 mm diameter sand (0.2160 Pa) for 12 or more hours, were identified from surface wave observations at National Data Buoy Center buoys in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) over the period of 1997–2007. In water depths ranging from 36–48 m, there were 4–9 mobility events/year of 1–2 days duration. Integrated wave stress during events (IWAVES) was used as a combined metric of wave-driven mobility intensity and duration. In the MAB, over 67% of IWAVES was caused by extratropical storms, while in the SAB, greater than 66% of IWAVES was caused by tropical storms. On average, mobility events were caused by waves generated by storms located 800+ km away. Far-field hurricanes generated swell 2–4 days before the waves caused mobility on the shelf. Throughout most of the SAB, mobility events were driven by storms to the south, east, and west. In the MAB and near Cape Hatteras, winds from more northerly storms and low-pressure extratropical systems in the mid-western U.S. also drove mobility events. Waves generated by storms off the SAB generated mobility events along the entire U.S. East Coast shelf north to Cape Cod, while Cape Hatteras shielded the SAB area from swell originating to the north offshore of the MAB.
Maximum unconstrained loadability of power systems

It is shown that the maximum loadability of a power system depends on the allocation of load and generation. For a given load distribution by percentage and constant power factor, the maximum can be described by a scalar. The maximum value of this scalar depends on the generation scheduling. It is shown how the maximum loadability can be computed when there are no inequality constraints on the generation scheduling, line flows, or bus voltages. As in load flow, the set of nonlinear equations used does not have a unique solution. Further work is needed to see how the initial guess affects the solution. >
EFFECT OF COOKING ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINGED BEANS (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

The effect of soaking and cooking methods on the chemical composition, digestibility and antitryptic activity of winged beans was investigated. Water imbibition was rather slow with winged bean seeds. To obtain beans sufficiently tender for human consumption, prolonged soaking prior to cooking for 5 hr was found to be suitable. Short-cooking time was ineffective as the beans were very hard. Prolonged cooking after a prolonged soaking period improved the flavor, increased tenderness, and increased the weight of cooked beans. Also, increases in percent protein and in vitro digestibility and reduction in the activity of trypsin inhibitor were observed. Cooking influenced the mineral content of the beans leading to significant losses in potassium and magnesium.
Good Practices in Accounting Education: Classroom Configuration and Technological Tools for Enhancing the Learning Environment

ABSTRACT This article explores how classroom configuration and instructional technologies (IT) can be used to leverage good practices in accounting education and improve core competencies of undergraduate students. The Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, (Chickering and Gamson 1987, AAHE Bulletin, 39(7), pp. 3–7.) and the AICPA core competencies provide a framework to rethink educational practices in accounting and to evaluate the benefits of classroom configuration and IT within accounting curricula and pedagogy. Benefits of the enhanced classroom design and IT were assessed through a three-part student survey conducted at the end of semester coursework. Overall, students reported that classroom configuration and technology leverage certain of the Seven Principles of Good Practice in Higher Education, such as ‘cooperation among students’ and ‘respect for diverse talents and ways of learning,’ and enhance the development of core competencies identified for accounting education, ...
High precision electroweak experiments : a global search for new physics beyond the Standard Model

This paper provides a theoretical framework for the high-precision ({le}1%) electroweak experiments that are likely to be done in the next ten years. The authors have collected the Standard Model (SM) predictions of 14 weak neutral-current observables and 15 {ital W} and {ital Z} properties to the one-loop level and have calculated the deviations that would be caused by ten general types of possible new physics that enter at the tree or loop level. Certain experiments appear to have special promise as probes of the new physics considered here. Most importantly, a systematic procedure is introduced that provides a prescription for the analysis of future experimental data and the means of delineating the nature of new physics if quantitative deviations from SM predictions are observed.
Prospects for using retroviral vectors for human gene therapy

Most of the approved clinical trials of human gene therapy are based on vectors derived form retroviruses. For some retroviruses, such as murine leukemia virus, the life cylcel and means of gene regulation are well understood, and provirus sequences have been cloned. Cell lines that allow the generation of high-titer retroviral vectors without helper virus contamination have been established. Vectors generated from such cell lines are infectious and can efficiently deliver the gene of interest into the target cells. Because virus-specific genes are deleted from these vectors, further spread of the vectors is prevented. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer has been tested in human clinical trials for the treatment of the inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase and the inherited deficiency of low-density lipoprotein receptor. Preliminary results from both trials demonstrate the feasiblility and potential efficacy of using gene therapy to treat human diseases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Memory loci in artificial memory

Recent studies have begun to evaluate the ancient art of artificial memory in which first a set of places is memorized, and later things or words to be memorized are “putin those places with bizarre images.” Students of the ancient art of memory spent much effort in selecting places. However, 12 students learned 34 of 40 words in their correct sequence in one trial, using for places an arbitrary map of a street. Self-produced memory-maps are thus not a necessary part of the artificial memory process.
The Impact of Comparative Food Price Information on Consumers and Grocery Retailers: Some Preliminary Findings of a Field Experiment

There is reason to believe that consumers face a difficult task in securing adequate and accurate information upon which to judge relative price levels of competing foodstores. The objective of the research reported here was to investigate the potential of retail food price reporting for correcting this information problem. Both consumer and grocery retailer responses to this comparative food price information were analyzed. A pretest-post-test design with four pairs of experimental-control cities (with replications at two levels of concentration) was employed to collect price data. A modified Solomon-four group design was used for surveys of food consumers in experimental and control cities. The results of analysis of variance models lend support to the hypothesis that price reporting can lower the relative level of food prices, both for items individually identified in a price report and items not identified in the report. The magnitude of this effect varied among the cities. It appears that consumers' role in this experiment was a passive one: consumer behavior and patronage patterns did not change in a manner that would consistently reinforce the competitive effects of the price reports.
Electrostatic and steric control of electron self-exchange in cytochromes c, c551, and b5

The ionic strength dependence of the electron self-exchange rate constants of cytochromes c, c551, and b5 has been analyzed in terms of a monopole-dipole formalism (van Leeuwen, J.W. 1983. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 743:408–421). The dipole moments of the reduced and oxidized forms of Ps. aeruginosa cytochrome c551 are 190 and 210 D, respectively (calculated from the crystal structure). The projections of these on the vector from the center of mass through the exposed heme edge are 120 and 150 D. For cytochrome b5, the dipole moments calculated from the crystal structure are 500 and 460 D for the reduced and oxidized protein; the projections of these dipole moments through the exposed heme edge are -330 and -280 D. A fit of the ionic strength dependence of the electron self-exchange rate constants gives -280 (reduced) and -250 (oxidized) D for the center of mass to heme edge vector. The self-exchange rate constants extrapolated to infinite ionic strength of cytochrome c, c551, and b5 are 5.1 x 10(5), 2 x 10(7), and 3.7 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively. The extension of the monopole-dipole approach to other cytochrome-cytochrome electron transfer reactions is discussed. The control of electron transfer by the size and shape of the protein is investigated using a model which accounts for the distance of the heme from each of the surface atoms of the protein. These calculations indicate that the difference between the electrostatically corrected self-exchange rate constants of cytochromes c and c551 is due only in part to the different sizes and heme exposures of the two proteins.
Paleoecological structure in early silurian platform seas of the north American midcontinent

Abstract Carbonate strata of Llandovery and basal Wenlock age are well exposed over an area of 50 000 km2 in eastern Iowa and adjoining states. During the Early Silurian this district was near the center of a broad platform sea covering much of North America. Coral-algal, pentamerid, and stricklandiid communities recur through a 90–100 m stratigraphic section. The extensive lateral and vertical range of richly fossiliferous strata provide an opportunity to test contrasting models of environmental control over community distribution. Spatial arrangement of these Silurian communities conforms neither to the basin nor bank model of community distribution. Separate communities were depth-associated as in the basin model but the usual onshore—offshore pattern of several parallel communities was prohibited by lack of sufficient slope. Temporal replacements of one community type by another were apparently the result of fluctuations in sea level. Complex facies patterns predicted by analogy with the Great Bahama Bank are absent. The composition, diversity, and evenness of the Iowan communities are uniform for distances up to 67 km traced along chronostratigraphic horizons. Comparative studies in northern Michigan and central New York suggest that facies relationships existed in Silurian platform seas, but on a far grander scale.
Studies on the partial reactions catalyzed by the (Na2+ + L+-activated ATPase. I. Effects of simple anions and nucleoside triphosphates on the alkali-cation specificity of the p-nitrophenylphosphatase

Abstract 1. 1. The K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of the (Na2+ + K+)-activated. ATPase complex is stimulated by the addition of Na+ + ATP. Since oligomycin blocks the (Na+ + ATP)-stimulation, but not the K+-dependent activity, the existence of a “K+-sensitive sit” and a “Na+-sensitive site” is indicated. The object of this work was to learn more about these sites through kinetic studies. 2. 2. The “K+-sensitive site” responded to Li+, Rb+, and Cs+; but the “Na+-sensitive site” showed absolute specificity for Na+. 3. 3. The order of cation specificity of the “K+-sensitive site” (K+ = Rb+ > Cs+ > Li+), and the absolute specificity of the “Na+-sensitive site” remained constant under conditions (e.g., change in the major anion of the assay medium) which had been used to demonstrate the changing specificity of another alkali-cation-activated enzyme (AMP deaminase). 4. 4. The “+-sensitive site” could be demonstrated only in the presence of certain nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, ITP and CTP). Nucleoside diphosphates, nucleoside monophosphates, pyrophosphate and orthophosphate had no activating effects in the presence of Na+. 5. 5. A variety of simple anions were found to have inhibitory effects on the enzyme. Because of this, and due to the impurity of the enzyme, the complex kinetic data were of little value for mechanistic interpretations. 6. 6. Na+ inhibited the enzyme both in the presence and absence of an activator cation. From the kinetic data it was not possible to determine if this inhibition was exerted at the same “Na+-sensitive site” that is involved in the (Na+ + ATP)-activation of the enzyme.
Bound-electron-positron pair production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Previously reported large nonperturbative enhancements of bound-electron--positron pair production in heavy-ion reactions are shown to be extremely gauge dependent due to incompleteness of the basis set. Large-basis calculations for the Pb on Pb system put a probable upper limit of the order of 10 b on the correction to perturbative calculations of the [ital K]-orbit-electron--positron pair production at ultrarelativistic heavy-ion colliders such as RHIC; this is to be added to the perturbative value of about 115 b.
Decreased Brain Choline Uptake in Older Adults: An In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Objective. —To test the hypothesis that uptake of circulating choline into the brain decreases with age, because alterations in metabolism of choline may be a factor contributing to age-related degenerative changes in the brain. Design. —Cohort comparison in younger and older adults. Participants. —Subjects were chosen consecutively from lists of healthy volunteers screened by medical and psychiatric interviews and laboratory tests. Younger adults (n=12) were between the ages of 20 and 40 years (mean age, 32 years), and older adults (n=16) were between the ages of 60 and 85 years (mean age, 73 years). Interventions. —After fasting overnight, subjects received choline, as the bitartrate, to yield free choline equal to 50 mg/kg of body weight. Blood was drawn for determination of plasma choline concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was performed to determine the relative concentration of cytosolic choline—containing compounds in the brain at baseline and after ingestion of choline. Main Outcome Measures. —Plasma choline and cytosolic choline—containing compounds in the brain, estimated as the ratio of the choline resonance to the creatine resonance on1H-MRS scans of the basal ganglia, were compared following blinded analyses of data from subject cohorts studied at baseline and 3 hours after choline ingestion. Results. —Levels of plasma choline and cytosolic choline—containing compounds in brain were similar at baseline in younger and older subjects. Following ingestion of choline, plasma choline concentration increased by similar proportions (76% and 80%) in both younger and older subjects. Brain cytosolic choline— containing compounds increased substantially in younger subjects (mean increase, 60%;P Conclusion. —Uptake of circulating choline into the brain decreases with age. Given the key role of choline in neuronal structure and function, this change may be a contributing factor in onset in late life of neurodegenerative, particularly dementing, illnesses in which cholinergic neurons show particular susceptibility to loss. (JAMA. 1995;274:902-907)
Breast tumor images of hemodynamic information Using a contrast agent with back projection and FFT enhancement

Recent TRS results of breast tumor images revealed to us that it may be difficult to diagnosis cancer from optical characteristics of tumors by solely absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient. Benign tumors develop blood vessels surrounding tumors as well as cancers do. Scattering coefficient can be lower or higher than in normal tissues, therefore it cannot be used for diagnosis. While there is very active work on characterizing cancers with optical methods, we sought a different approach to find a “cancer signature” in the area of hemodynamics. It is known that cancers will create hypoxic lesions as well as high oxygen lesion, and we hypothesized that these hypoxic and hyperoxic lesions attributed to heterogeneity of hemodynamics, i.e. some areas have a high velocity of blood circulation, and others have extravasation, causing high and low contrast agent clearance. We used an optically visible contrast agent; ICG injected intravenously into 6 tumor bearing women, and imaged then- breasts with CWS system, which has 16 sets of source and detector in a circular holder. Time resolution was 8 seconds for 1 image thus enough to follow the time course of the ICG appearance-decay curves in each 16×16 source-detector combination. The data were saved in a PC and later analyzed using a back projected FFT enhanced image re-construction algorithm. The data suggest that indeed cancers have more heterogeneity as indicated by the time constant of ICG decay curves, and time of decay is generally longer. In contrast, in benign adenoma, the time constant was shorter. In conclusion, we have used the dynamics of ICG uptake and disappearance in cancer as compared to normal breast and benign tumor cases as a diagnostic approach.
Interaction with Brian Garner Wybourne

Quotations from personal letters and other sources are used to give an account of an interaction with Brian Wybourne over the course of a career in theoretcial rare-earth spectroscopy spanning nearly a half-century.
Paroxysmal auricular tachycardia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a newborn infant.

Summary This is a case report of a 48-hour-old infant hospitalized because of cyanosis and rapid respiration. Besides the common complications of paroxysmal tachycardia and congestive failure, 9 there were electrocardiographic evidences of paroxysmal tachycardia and of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The congestive failure and paroxysmal tachycardia responded clinically and electrocardiographically to digitalization, the rhythm and rate returned to normal, and the cardiac dilatation subsided, but evidence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome still persisted on electrocardiograms.
Self-treatment of pain in a rural area.

Context In the United States, 42% of adults say they experience pain daily, the majority often relying on self-treatment. In addition, an increasing number of people are seeking complementary/alternative therapies, often without informing their health care providers. Purpose To explore the occurrence of pain and the modalities of self-treatment used by community members (N = 108) from a rural area of Michigan, the potential for interactions between pain self-treatment modalities and other medications currently being taken, and demographic variables that might affect self-treatment choice. Method This exploratory descriptive study was conducted using a survey method. Findings Findings revealed that 66% were taking prescription medications, 75% over-the-counter medications, 20% herbal supplements, and 35% nonpharmacological treatments. Of the reported prescription and over-the-counter medications, 18% were opioids, 77% were nonopioids, and 18% were adjuvant medications. One-third of the subjects were taking more than 1 medication and/or herbal product or supplement, increasing their risk for potential drug-herb interactions, complicated by the fact that 20% did not inform their primary care practitioner of their self-treatment choices. Conclusions This study contributes to the knowledge of current self-treatment choices regarding pain management and potentially harmful interactions that might occur from using multiple medications and supplements.
Investigation of Pre-mixed Flame-Kernel/Vortex Interactions via High-Speed Imaging

To reduce cycle-to-cycle variations in SI-IC engines, knowledge of early flame kernel growth in a turbulent flow field is required. Understanding the interaction between a flame kernel and a vortex is an important fundamental step toward this goal. This paper presents high-speed movies of combustion luminosity during the interaction of a laminar vortex with a spark-generated pre-mixed flame kernel in a quiescent combustion chamber. The resulting time evolution of the perturbed flame kernel shows that laminar vortices of various sizes and vortex strengths can increase the kernel growth rate by at least a factor of 3 and significantly increase combustion reaction rates by involving additional highly curved and stretched flame fronts.
Monomer-dimer surface-reaction model: Influence of the dimer adsorption mechanism.

We consider the monomer-dimer surface reaction without surface diffusion for various dimer adsorption mechanisms, described below. After a dimer impinges ``end on'' at an empty site, its bottom atom remains there while its top atom searches N\ensuremath{\ge}1 sites, either in a local neighborhood (N-local models), or randomly located on the surface (N-random models), to find a second empty site. If one is found, the dimer can then adsorb dissociatively. The N-local models have a reactive window of finite width in the relative impingement rates, bordered by poisoning transitions, whereas the N-random models exhibit true bistability. As N increases, the reactivity is either strictly or effectively confined to relative impingement rates close to the stoichiometric ratio. We precisely analyze the limiting behavior as N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}.
Thin-layer chromatographic procedures for lipid separation

Abstract This review focuses on the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) separation aspects of lipid analysis. Since the space limitations do not permit, the quantitative aspects of the analyses are not discussed at length although some indications of appropriate methodology and detection reagents will be indicated. Many separations carried out by TLC have the prerequisite of proper sample preparation. Using proper sample clean-up prior to TLC enables one to carry out precise separation as well as sensitive quantitation. Thus, the discussion are divided into the two main topics — sample preparation and TLC. Examples of applications are limited to those which illustrate the capabilities of the technique as well as practicability. Since there are a number of reviews in the literature, the discussions herein are focused mainly on reports after 1985.
Isolation number versus Boolean rank

Abstract Let B be the binary Boolean algebra. The Boolean rank, or factorization rank, of a matrix A in M m , n ( B ) is the smallest k such that A can be factored as an m × k times a k × n matrix. The isolation number of a matrix, A , is the largest number of entries equal to 1 in the matrix such that no two ones are in the same row, no two ones are in the same column, and no two ones are in a submatrix of A of the form 1 1 1 1 . It is known that the isolation number of A is always at most the Boolean rank. This paper investigates for each k , if the isolation number of A is k what are some of the possible values of the Boolean rank of A .
The role of 13 cis-retinoic acid in the remission induction of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

The addition of retinoic acid to human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture results in their differentiation to mature myeloid forms with acquisition of the differentiated phenotype, i.e., the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. A heavily pretreated patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and residual malignant cells in his marrow after multiple courses of chemotherapy was given 13-cis-retinoic acid upon demonstration of both morphologic and functional differentiation of his leukemic cells by transretinoic acid in vitro. The patient achieved a complete remission and was maintained on 13-cis-retinoic acid for 1 year, when the patient relapsed with a population of cells that were resistant to retinoic acid-induced differentiation.
“I SLICED MY FLESH INTO PAPER, AND GROUND MY LIVER INTO INK”: WANG CIHUI’S (1593–1642) SENSUALIST POETRY AS AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE TO SELF-REALIZATION

Wang Yanhong 王彥泓 (zi Cihui 次回, 1593–1642) was active in the last decades of the Ming. Because of his particular interest in representing erotic and amorous experiences with women in rich and sensual detail, his poetry was controversial and condemned by those who upheld a Confucian poetics in which poetry was meant to express the poet’s moral intentions and social criticism. This paper is the first attempt to translate Wang’s poems into English and to closely examine them in the contexts of Chinese poetic tradition and late Ming literati culture. I argue that his “decadent” aestheticization of his amorous and emotional experiences with women was related to his identity as a “loser” who failed in the civil service examinations but sought in writing poetry an alternative path of self-realization. His poetics served to fulfill his ambition to become a poet of extraordinary creativity and aestheticism, even as it reveals his sense of self as an “invalid” member of his society.
Flame-Made Durable Doped-CaO Nanosorbents for CO2 Capture

The present study deals with the design and development of novel calcium-oxide-based refractory sorbents synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) for carbon dioxide capture. The FSP-derived sorbents inherently exhibit very large CO2 uptake capacity in the present investigation. Sorbents derived from conventional wet chemistry, possessing identical composition, were synthesized and evaluated. A wide range of refractory dopants (Si, Ti, Cr, Co, Zr, and Ce) were employed, aiming at developing sorbents with good mechanical strength. Among all of the doped CaO sorbents, Zr-doped CaO was found to exhibit the best CO2-capture performance under identical conditions of operation. To study the effect of Zr in depth and find out the optimal concentration of Zr needed in the CaO matrix, a series of Zr-incorporated CaO sorbents were synthesized by varying the relative composition of Zr in the CaO base matrix. The present studies suggest that Zr/Ca in the 3:10 atomic ratio results in the formation of the most robust ...
Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions

This article focuses on the construction, directly in physical space, of simply parametrized covariance functions for data-assimilation applications. A self-contained, rigorous mathematical summary of relevant topics from correlation theory is provided as a foundation for this construction. Covariance and correlation functions are defined, and common notions of homogeneity and isotropy are clarified. Classical results are stated, and proven where instructive. Included are smoothness properties relevant to multivariate statistical-analysis algorithms where wind/wind and wind/mass correlation models are obtained by differentiating the correlation model of a mass variable. the Convolution Theorem is introduced as the primary tool used to construct classes of covariance and cross-covariance functions on three-dimensional Euclidean space R3. Among these are classes of compactly supported functions that restrict to covariance and cross-covariance functions on the unit sphere S2, and that vanish identically on subsets of positive measure on S2. It is shown that these covariance and cross-covariance functions on S2, referred to as being space-limited, cannot be obtained using truncated spectral expansions. Compactly supported and space-limited covariance functions determine sparse covariance matrices when evaluated on a grid, thereby easing computational burdens in atmospheric data-analysis algorithms. Convolution integrals leading to practical examples of compactly supported covariance and cross-covariance functions on R3 are reduced and evaluated. More specifically, suppose that gi and gj are radially symmetric functions defined on R3 such that gi(x) = 0 for |x| > di and gj(x) = 0 for |xv > dj, O di + dj and |x - y| > 2di, respectively, Additional covariance functions on R3 are constructed using convolutions over the real numbers R, rather than R3. Families of compactly supported approximants to standard second- and third-order autoregressive functions are constructed as illustrative examples. Compactly supported covariance functions of the form C(x,y) := Co(|x - y|), x,y ∈ R3, where the functions Co(r) for r ∈ R are 5th-order piecewise rational functions, are also constructed. These functions are used to develop space-limited product covariance functions B(x, y) C(x, y), x, y ∈ S2, approximating given covariance functions B(x, y) supported on all of S2 × S2.
EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON THE OVARIES AND EMBRYOS OF MICE IN EARLY PREGNANCY1,2

SELYE (1) HAS REPORTED that five daily injections of one mg. of progesterone in normal cyclic mice caused involution of the corpora lutea, but that eight daily injections of i mg. during the second half of pregnancy had no detectable ad-verse effects on the corpora lutea of gestation, or on the progress of pregnancy. Delivery and lactation were not prevented by these doses.3 Meanwhile, we have shown (2) that early embryos of mice implant and continue to develop during a series of in-jections of desoxycorticosterone acetate begun the second day after mating, but that they die soon after the cessation of injections. Therefore it was thought advisable to determine whether or not the chemically allied corpus luteum hormone, progesterone, under the same experimental conditions, would similarly affect the progress of early pregnancy.
Investigations of silica alcogel aging using coherent light

Abstract Light scattering methods have previously been used to monitor the formation of gels. In this report we present new light scattering techniques to study the properties of silica alcogels during the aging process. Monitoring one particular polarization transformation of scattered light with time reveals a clear increase in internal strain in standing alcogels with time. The stress birefringence coefficient of an acid-catalyzed SiO2 gel was found to be 1.3 Brewsters. Additionally, the evolution of the stiffness of alcogels was investigated using laser speckle methods. Specifically, image analysis of specklegrams obtained during multi-frequency acoustic excitation of aging gels was used to non-destructively measure the hardening of alcogels. For an acid-catalyzed gel with a theoretical density of ∼0.05 g/cm3 SiO2, the rate of hardening is found to be greatest between gelation and 2× the gel time, and drops considerably thereafter. The Young's modulus of the gel can be monitored over time with this method and was found to range from 6.2×10 3 N/m 2 after 6 h to 2.2×10 5 N/m 2 after 24 h for acid-catalyzed silica gels.
Senescence comes of age.

Normal cells can respond to expression of activated oncogenes by initiating cellular senescence, a permanent state of proliferative arrest. But whether this process reflects a relevant anticancer mechanism has been debated. Several studies now show that oncogene-induced senescence can occur in vivo and provides a bona fide barrier to tumorigenesis.
A new, reliable lower-body nociception device for unrestrained animals yields data comparable to a new portable version of the face-rub test☆

A novel lower body heating device is described for use in lower body analgesiometry with freely-moving, small animals. It consists of a resistor in contact with a hindlimb. The defensive biting response to heat shows reliable dose-response effects with morphine which compare well with our similar upper body device (Rosenfeld et al. 1978). Issues dealing with upper versus lower body nociception effects may be tested with the new device set described.
Neuroinvasive Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Patient with a Negative Spinal Fluid Cryptococcus Antigen

58-year-old man presented with headache, nausea, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Brain MRI showed meningeal enhancement and herniation. Serum Cryptococcus antigen was positive but spinal fluid antigen and cultures were negative. A cerebellar biopsy revealed nonencapsulated Cryptococcus. He completed antifungal therapy. Serum Cryptococcus antigen titer decreased. He had a full neurological recovery.
Testing a Dynamical Model for Mid-Latitude Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

The present investigation is concerned with the development and testing of a dynamical model for sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the midlatitudes. The model is an extension of the stochastic forcing model, suggested by Frankignoul and Hasselmann (1977), in which SST anomalies arise naturally as a response of the slowly varying upper ocean to the rapidly varying air-sea fluxes. The conducted analysis confirms strongly the validity of this model. The results suggest that advection by mean ocean currents plays an important role in some regions. Attention is given to the governing equations, a statistical model, SST anomaly advection, heat flux anomalies, wind-driven mass transport in the mixed layer, mixed-layer depth, aspects of model testing, and the atmospheric forcing.
A mathematical taxonomy to evaluate the biomechanical quality of the human foot

The relationship between a functional disorder of the foot and the geometric configuration of its anatomical structure has been a subject of continuing interest among clinicians who are concerned with the various biomechanical disabilities of the foot. A survey of the literature shows that various geometric criteria and models have been proposed to arrive at a diagnosis and select an appropriate plan of treatment. Although these models have been used in biomechanical evaluation with varying degrees of success, their verbal descriptions and measurements are considered as over-simplifications with respect to both classification and discrimination. A more realistic model should induce a classification of sufficient refinement to produce a differential diagnosis among clinically significant variations in the biostructure of the foot. Based on a rationale of anatomical, physiological, and clinical considerations, the one-quarter ellipsoid is selected as the model. Mathematical methods are used to classify human feet into a continuum of points representing the entire range of variations in foot shape. There is located an optimal point (foot) from which every other point is measured by means of a distance function. Each numerical deviation of a particular foot reflects the biomechanical quality of that foot. The concept of a biomechanically optimal foot which has ideal function as opposed to normal function offers the practitioner a quantitative rationale for the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical foot disorders.
Complexes of Guanidinium Ion (NH2)3C+ with Super Lewis Acidic XH4+ (X = B and Al): Comparison with XH3 Complexes and Protonated and Methylated Guanidinium Dications1

Structures of the complexes (1 and 8) of the guanidinium ion (H2N)3C+ with super Lewis acidic BH4+ and AlH4+ were calculated using the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level. 13C NMR chemical shifts were also calculated by the GIAO-MP2 method. Each of the dicationic complexes contains a hypercoordinate boron or aluminum atom with a two-electron three-center (2e-3c) bond. Guanidinium ion was found to form a strong complex with BH4+ but a relatively weak one with AlH4+. On the other hand, complexations of guanidinium ion with neutral BH3 and AlH3 lead only to very weak complexes (5 and 9). The structures of mono- and dicationic complexes were compared with the structures of protonated and methylated guanidinium dications.
Physical localization of the mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-2 (Arnt2) gene within the c112K deletion.

Abstract The albino deletions identify at least seven functional intervals essential for pre- and postnatal development in the 6- to 10-cM region surrounding the albino coat color ( c = tyrosinase ) locus on mouse chromosome 7. The c 112K deletion identifies a putative thymus functional region not removed by the overlapping c 3H deletion. Cloning the c 3H proximal breakpoint provided a starting point for construction of an 840-kb BAC contig spanning the c 112K and c 3H ( D7Ssb3Hp ) proximal breakpoints. These breakpoints are separated by 320–350 kb. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-2 (Arnt2) is completely removed by the c 112K deletion and spans 130–170 kb of the interval. Although Arnt2 is a candidate for the thymus defects in c 112K homozygotes, the possibility that other as yet unidentified genes in the c 112K deletion are responsible for the abnormalities has not been ruled out. Arnt2 is a member of the bHLH-PAS (Per, Ahr, Arnt, Sim) family of transcription factors and shares the highest similarity with Arnt. The survival of c 112K homozygotes markedly contrasts the embryonic lethality observed in Arnt -deficient embryos and suggests distinct roles for these related transcription factors during embryogenesis.
Postnatal prevention and treatment of surfactant deficiency

37 Mashiach S, Barkai G, Sack J et al. Enhancement of fetal lung maturity by intra-amniotic administration of thyroid hormone. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1978;130:289-293. 38 Walters DV. Absorption of fetal lung liquid at birth and its effect on the surfactant system. In: Di Renzo GC, Hawkins DF, eds. Perinatal medicine: problems and controversies. New York: Raven Press, 1986;123-128. 39 Chang JB, Goldfine A, Ballard PL et al. Glucocorticoids increase pulmonary P-adrenergic receptors in fetal rabbit. Endocrinology 1980;107:1646-1648. 40 Avery ME: Prevention of neonatal RDS by pharmacological methods. In: Robertson B, Van Golde LMG, Batenburg JJ, eds. Pulmonary surfactant. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984;449-458. 41 Quirk JG. Risks and benefits of steroid therapy for the prevention of hyaline membrane disease. In: Vignali M, Cosmi EV, Luerti M, eds: Diagnosis and treatment of fetal lung immaturity. Paris, Masson Publications, 1986;109-115. 42 Cosmi EV, Di Renzo GC. Diagnosis of fetal lung maturity. In Cosmi EV, Scarpelli EM, eds. Pulmonary surfactant system. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1983;75-98. 43 Avery ME, Aylward G, Creasy R et al. Update on prenatal steroid for prevention of respiratory distress. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1986;155:2-5.
Analysis Of Microscopic Imaging

A simple method of image analysis suitable for arbitrary objects under partially coherent illumination is presented and applied to phase, schlieren, and interference microscopy. While approximate in the sense that diffraction is ignored, the method permits analysis using only algebra, resulting in a mathematical image in closed form.
The Great War and Its Historiography

The understanding of the First World War is connected more than that of any other modern conflict with the war's historiography. Even before the armies marched, the respective combatants were compi...
Diazepam dose preference in humans

Diazepam dose preference was studied in 10 human subjects in a hospital setting. Subjects were allowed to select between a standard compound (diazepam or pentobarbital) and one of several doses of diazepam (2-40 mg/capsule) on an ad lib basis. When 5 or 10 mg/capsule diazepam was the standard, no clear cut diazepam dose preference was found. When 30 or 50 mg/capsule pentobarbital was the standard, clear cut diazepam dose preference in some subjects was found. The shape of the dose preference function differed among subjects. Within subjects, diazepam dose preference differed within the self-administration day, with some subjects preferring one dose in the morning and a different dose later in the day.
Sinusoidal modulation analysis for optical system MTF measurements

The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a commonly used metric for defining the spatial resolution characteristics of imaging systems. While the MTF is defined in terms of how an imaging system demodulates the amplitude of a sinusoidal input, this approach has not been in general use to measure MTFs in the medical imaging community because producing sinusoidal x-ray patterns is technically difficult. However, for optical systems such as charge coupled devices (CCD), which are rapidly becoming a part of many medical digital imaging systems, the direct measurement of modulation at discrete spatial frequencies using a sinusoidal test pattern is practical. A commercially available optical test pattern containing spatial frequencies ranging from 0.375 cycles/mm to 80 cycles/mm was sued to determine the MRF of a CCD-based optical system. These results were compared with the angulated slit method of Fujita [H. Fujita, D. Tsia, T. Itoh, K. Doi, J. Morishita, K. Ueda, and A. Ohtsuka, "A simple method for determining the modulation transfer function in digital radiography," IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 11, 34-39 (1992)]. The use of a semiautomated profiled iterated reconstruction technique (PIRT) is introduced, where the shift factor between successive pixel rows (due to angulation) is optimized iteratively by least-squares error analysis rather than by hand measurement of the slit angle. PIRT was used to find the slit angle for the Fujita technique and to find the sine-pattern angle for the sine-pattern technique. Computer simulation of PIRT for the case of the slit image (a line spread function) demonstrated that it produced a more accurate angle determination than "hand" measurement, and there is a significant difference between the errors in the two techniques (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, p < 0.001). The sine-pattern method and the Fujita slit method produced comparable MTF curves for the CCD camera evaluated.
Non-coordinate Synthesis of Division-related mRNA

AMINO-ACIDS are thought to control the rate of RNA synthesis in bacteria1. In a series of preliminary experiments we showed that amino-acids strongly influence the rate of uptake of labelled RNA precursors in synchronized Tetrahymena, a eukaryotic ciliated protozoan2. It was especially interesting to examine the nature of the RNA synthesized in these conditions for two reasons: (a) synchronized Tetrahymena can divide without net RNA synthesis2 and (b) there is considerable evidence suggesting that template RNA must be synthesized between the end of the synchronizing treatment and the first synchronous division3. Because evidence has been accumulating from both bacterial and mammalian cell systems to indicate that neither isotope uptake4 nor hybridization5 techniques can accurately measure the rate of mRNA synthesis, other means of assaying its rate of synthesis in various circumstances would be useful. The precision of timing of synchronous division in Tetrahymena6 therefore appeared to offer a unique assay for mRNA synthesis. Our results suggest that the complete absence of amino-acids in the media does not significantly affect the rate of division-related mRNA synthesis in Tetrahymena.
Collisions of keV-energy H atoms with the rare gases: Absolute differential cross sections at small angles

Absolute differential cross sections are reported for collisions between 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0-keV-energy H atoms and He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe over the laboratory-frame angular range 0.018\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The scattered neutral particles are detected, and the measured cross sections include both elastic and inelastic events. The H-He results are in excellent accord with previous measurements at larger angles. Empirical interaction potential-energy curves have been extracted from the data for all collisions studied.
Use of Fish Ventilation Frequency to Estimate Chronically Safe Toxicant Concentrations

Abstract A 96-hour toxicity test with fish ventilation frequency as the response variable was developed to estimate safe zinc concentrations for steelhead Salmo gairdneri. Two Oregon steelhead strains were exposed to zinc at different water temperatures and total hardnesses (7, 12, and 17 C; 25 and 125 mg/liter as CaCO3). Ventilation frequencies enumerated from bioelectric potentials generated by buccal and opercular openings and closings showed significant increases at the highest test concentration in five of 10 tests. At 12 C and 25 mg/liter hardness, responses were detected at a zinc concentration of 144 μg/liter; the “safe” concentration determined in a chronic exposure of embryos and juveniles was between 444 and 819 μg zinc/liter. This indicates that ventilation-frequency tests are at least as sensitive as long-term toxicity tests and may be used to screen chemicals for potential harmful effects on fish.
A new synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via titanium(IV)-catalyzed aldol-type condensation of silyl enol ethers with 2-arylacetaldehydes

Abstract A novel one-pot synthesis of angular polycyclic hydrocarbon ring systems involving Ti(IV)-catalyzed aldol-type condensation of silyl enol ethers with 2-arylacetaldehydes and cyclization of the adducts is described.