cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Net centric radar technology and development using an open system architecture approach

The second generation of the Radar Open Systems Architecture has been developed and put into practice. This approach consists of a layered architecture that isolates applications from underlying hardware and software elements such as operating systems, middlewares, communication fabrics, and computer platforms. The framework also consists of a set of component libraries that are being populated as the framework is applied in an expanding series of application domains. Easy swap ability for the library components or newly developed components along with a high degree of hardware independence allows systems built using this infrastructure to be easily maintained and upgraded.
Bulk density of long- and medium-grain rice varieties as affected by harvest and conditioned moisture contents

ABSTRACT The effect of harvest and conditioned moisture contents (MC) on bulk density (BD) of rough, brown, and white rice was determined for several long- and medium-grain rice varieties harvested from different Arkansas locations. The results indicated that harvest MC (HMC) significantly affected the BD of freshly harvested and conditioned rough rice. Higher HMC levels resulted in lower BD levels for rough rice over the conditioned MC range from 11 to 29% (wb). There was a strong linear relationship between rough rice BD and conditioned MC for a given HMC. The harvest location had a more pronounced effect on rough rice BD of long-grain varieties than of medium-grain varieties. The BD of brown and white rice was less dependent on harvest location and conditioned MC than the BD of rough rice. Rice harvested at low MC level (≈13%) gave a higher BD for both brown and white rice than that harvested at higher MC levels. Medium-grain varieties showed a higher BD for brown and white rice than did long-grain var...
Vascular malformations and pregnancy

Between January 1975 and June 1989, 240 patients with cerebral vascular malformations were treated at Henry Ford Hospital. In 16 of the patients, the treatment was influenced by pregnancy. Eleven of the patients presented with hemorrhage, four with seizures, and one with hydrocephalus. There were no maternal or fetal deaths in the patients presenting with seizure or hydrocephalus. There were two maternal deaths and one fetal death among the cases presenting with hemorrhage. In the patients with seizure or hydrocephalus, the pregnancy was brought to term and obstetric indications used to determine the time and method of delivery. Hydrocephalus was treated by shunting, and seizures with medication. Antiepileptic drug levels fluctuate in pregnancy and hence were closely monitored to ensure therapeutic levels. Vascular malformations are the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy. The risk of rebleed in the same pregnancy is about 27%. If an arteriovenous malformation ruptures during pregnancy and the patient's condition deteriorates, appropriate emergency surgery should be done. In stable patients, our policy has been to bring the pregnancy to term and then electively perform a craniotomy to excise the arteriovenous malformation.
The association between cigarette smoking and non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in a large US cohort study

Results from studies of smoking and non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms (NHL) are inconsistent. This study assessed whether this inconsistency might be due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, to different relationships in subpopulations such as gender, or to chance. We examined cigarette smoking status, initiation, intensity, and duration in relation to the risk of NHL, and subtypes of NHL in men and women from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. From 1992 to 2007, 1,926 NHL cases were identified among 152,958 subjects. Extended Cox regression was used to compute multivariable rate ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). The RR (95 % CI) for current smoking associated with NHL incidence in women was 1.37 (1.04–1.81) and in men was 0.88 (0.65–1.19). Among current smokers, there was a positive relationship between years smoked and risk of NHL in women (p-trend < 0.01), but no association in men. In women, the positive associations with current smoking were strongest for follicular lymphoma (RR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.20–3.77) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocyte lymphoma (RR 1.75, 95 % CI 1.03–2.96). In men and women combined, current smoking was associated with an increased risk of T-cell lymphoma and a decreased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This study supports an association of current smoking with risk of NHL that varies by gender and subtype. Future studies should focus on differences by gender and disease subtype to better clarify the smoking and NHL relationship.
Preconditioned conjugate gradient wave-front reconstructors for multiconjugate adaptive optics

Multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems with 104–105 degrees of freedom have been proposed for future giant telescopes. Using standard matrix methods to compute, optimize, and implement wavefront control algorithms for these systems is impractical, since the number of calculations required to compute and apply the reconstruction matrix scales respectively with the cube and the square of the number of adaptive optics degrees of freedom. We develop scalable open-loop iterative sparse matrix implementations of minimum variance wave-front reconstruction for telescope diameters up to 32 m with more than 104 actuators. The basic approach is the preconditioned conjugate gradient method with an efficient preconditioner, whose block structure is defined by the atmospheric turbulent layers very much like the layer-oriented MCAO algorithms of current interest. Two cost-effective preconditioners are investigated: a multigrid solver and a simpler block symmetric Gauss-Seidel (BSGS) sweep. Both options require off-line sparse Cholesky factorizations of the diagonal blocks of the matrix system. The cost to precompute these factors scales approximately as the three-halves power of the number of estimated phase grid points per atmospheric layer, and their average update rate is typically of the order of 10-2 Hz, i.e., 4–5 orders of magnitude lower than the typical 103 Hz temporal sampling rate. All other computations scale almost linearly with the total number of estimated phase grid points. We present numerical simulation results to illustrate algorithm convergence. Convergence rates of both preconditioners are similar, regardless of measurement noise level, indicating that the layer-oriented BSGS sweep is as effective as the more elaborated multiresolution preconditioner.
Early Degenerative Nerve Alterations in Feline Resorbing Deciduous Incisors as Observed by Electron Microscopy

Electron microscopy was used to assess degenerative nerve alterations in resorbing deciduous incisors of the cat. Intradental nerve structural changes are described when minimal signs of root resorption are present. Intradental nerves in resorbing deciduous incisors are compared with those of fully developed deciduous incisors.
Child's Play: Hillel Bavli's “Mrs. Woods” and Indian Representation in American Hebrew Literature

Americans are cognizant of references to Native Americans in their culture. Some are even familiar with a few loanwords from Indian languages in English. Bearing references to Native Americans are sports teams, train lines, and place names. In these, no actual Indians need be found. The impression left in the minds of some is that Native Americans are missing from the continent. Such was the impression conveyed in the works of some Hebraists who dwelled on the fate of Native Americans in their critique of the imagined ideal life in the New World. In them, they saw reflected their own selves-either as Hebraists or as Jews-as in danger of being at the precipice of extinction in America. The term "the last of the Mohicans," borrowed from James Fennimore Cooper's famous novel, has become a figure of speech in their reference to themselves, and has even penetrated today's Israeli Hebrew. The lingering references to this expression, a phrase coined as part and parcel of the language today, underscored the overwhelming threat posed by White America's culture to annihilate and assimilate all minor cultures, absorbing them even as it grew larger on their ruin.1 Despite the continued survival of over five hundred Indian tribes recognized officially by the Federal government, a considerable segment of the citizenry of the United States, among them also Hebrew writers, considered Native Americans as close to physical extinction. To be sure, the net number of Native Americans is estimated to have decreased precipitously in the early centuries of the European conquest of the New World. According to some, their population declined to an estimated two million.2 Nonetheless, it seems that the numerical increase of Native Americans in the last century bodes well for their continued persistence, though it is now the quality of life that remains a concern in the case of many. The prospect of a nearly total eradication of Indians figures centrally in the imagination of Hebrew writers who pondered the fate
Unicellular Cyanobacterial Distributions Broaden the Oceanic N2 Fixation Domain

Nitrogen (N 2 )–fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are an important source of biologically available fixed N in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and control the productivity of oligotrophic ocean ecosystems. We found that two major groups of unicellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN) have distinct spatial distributions that differ from those of Trichodesmium , the N 2 -fixing cyanobacterium previously considered to be the most important contributor to open-ocean N 2 fixation. The distributions and activity of the two UCYN groups were separated as a function of depth, temperature, and water column density structure along an 8000-kilometer transect in the South Pacific Ocean. UCYN group A can be found at high abundances at substantially higher latitudes and deeper in subsurface ocean waters than Trichodesmium . These findings have implications for the geographic extent and magnitude of basin-scale oceanic N 2 fixation rates.
A Wide-Field IR Spectrograph for the Giant Magellan Telescope

The Giant Magellan Telescope, with seven 8.4 meter primary mirrors, is taking shape as one of the most powerful telescopes of the next generation. We describe a conceptual design for a powerful 0.85 to 2.50 μm imaging spectrograph that addresses a 7' by 7' field of view for imaging and a 5' by 7' field of view for spectroscopy at the GMT's f/8 Gregorian focus. The all-refractive optical design presses the limits of available lens blank diameters, but delivers excellent images (~0.15" 80% encircled energy) with just four collimator elements and five camera elements. The collimated beam diameter is 300 mm, and the detector is a 6K by 10K array. The spectrograph will use interchangeable slit masks, and an assortment of VPH and conventional surface relief gratings. Each of the entire J, H, or K bands can be observed with a resolution of 3000. The scientific potential of ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) using a constellation of sodium laser guide stars appears to be very high in the near infrared. Simulations suggest that 0.2" FWHM images may be achieved across the entire 7' by 7' field of view of the spectrograph. We describe the design of the GLAO system with a versatile opto-mechanical design that allows rapid changeover between GLAO and seeing-limited observations.
Preliminary results of a spectral analysis of simulated complex pulse response history of a synthetic aperture radar pixel

Images of a uniform scene produced with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) frequently appear nonuniform. This phenomenon, called “speckle” is attributed to the coherency of the radar signal and intra-pixel interferometry. Whereas speckle is usually associated with image contrast between adjacent pixels, the same type of contrast exists for one pixel between adjacent azimuthal looks (heading angles). A pixel in a terrestrial scene typically contains numerous scatterers and the phase and amplitude of the reflected radar signal generally varies from pulse to pulse due to intra-pixel interference. This variation in complex response history has been previously simulated by a computer program. In the present effort, the complex response history of a pixel with few scatterers is analyzed by a complex Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. After removing the phase centroid bias and mean phase slope from the original phase history, preliminary results indicate that the spectral responses show correlation with sub-pixel texture when there are one or two dominant scatterers in the pixel for a particular azimuth look. This textural information may be helpful in selecting the optimum resolution and number of azimuth looks for SAR imaging.
Measurement of Young's modulus and damping as a function of temperature in a borosilicate glass-matrix composite with continuous ceramic fibres

The matrix of the composite was N51A glass reinforced with continuous Nextel 480 fibres (70 wt% alumina with 28 wt% silica and 2 wt% boria). Fibres of specimen 1 were uncoated while those of specimen 2 had a 0.1 μm thick boron nitride coating
Soils and sustainable agriculture. A review.

Enhancing food production and supporting civil/engineering structures have been the principal foci of soil science research during most of the 19th and the first seven or eight decades of the 20th century. Demands on soil resources during the 21st century and beyond include: (i) increasing agronomic production to meet the food needs of additional 3.5 billion people that will reside in developing countries along with likely shift in food habits from plant-based to animal-based diet, (ii) producing ligno-cellulosic biomass through establishment of energy plantations on agriculturally surplus/marginal soils or other specifically identified lands, (iii) converting degraded/desertified soils to restorative land use for enhancing biodiversity and improving the environment, (iv) sequestering carbon in terrestrial (soil and trees) and aquatic ecosystems to off-set industrial emissions and stabilize the atmospheric abundance of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, (v) developing farming/cropping systems which improve water use efficiency and minimize risks of water pollution, contamination and eutrophication, and (vi) creating reserves for species preservation, recreation and enhancing aesthetic value of soil resources. Realization of these multifarious soil functions necessitate establishment of inter-disciplinary approach with close linkages between soil scientists and chemists, physicists, geologists, hydrologists, climatologists, biologists, system engineers (nano technologists), computer scientists and information technologists, economists, social scientists and molecular geneticists dealing with human, animal and microbial processes. While advancing the study of basic principles and processes, soil scientists must also reach out to other disciplines to address the global issues of the 21st century and beyond.
Significance of Urinary Tract Involvement in Patients Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC)

Background Urinary tract involvement in patients with peritoneal surface disease treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) often requires complex urologic resections and reconstruction to achieve optimal cytoreduction. The impact of these combined procedures on surgical outcomes is not well defined.
Relative influence upon microwave emissivity of fine-scale stratigraphy, internal scattering, and dielectric properties

The microwave emissivity of relatively low-loss media such as snow, ice, frozen ground, and lunar soil is strongly influenced by fine-scale layering and by internal scattering. Radiometric data, however, are commonly interpreted using a model of emission from a homogeneous, dielectric halfspace whose emissivity derives exclusively from dielectric properties. Conclusions based upon these simple interpretations can be erroneous. Examples are presented showing that the emission from fresh or hardpacked snow over either frozen or moist soil is governed dominantly by the size distribution of ice grains in the snowpack. Similarly, the thickness of seasonally frozen soil and the concentration of rock clasts in lunar soil noticeably affect, respectively, the emissivities of northern latitude soils in winter and of the lunar regolith. Petrophysical data accumulated in support of the geophysical interpretation of microwave data must include measurements of not only dielectric properties, but also of geometric factors such as finescale layering and size distributions of grains, inclusions, and voids.
Blood-spinal cord barrier response to transection.

Abstract The intergrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSB) distal to a surgical transection was evaluated at the light and electron microscopic levels, using the tracers Evans blue albumin (EBA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At the light microscopic level, the orange fluorescence of the EBA was detected as far as 0.45 mm distal to the transection. The tracer was not only diffusely distributed in the neuropil but also was apparently taken up by ventral horn neurons and glial cells. A feathery halo of EBA extending beyond their walls indicated that there had occurred some leakage of EBA from intrinsic vessels into the surrounding cord tissue. The microvasculature was evaluated at the ultrastructural level for evidence of changes in permeability to HRP. Pinocytosis and vesicular transport of the protein were apparent in some endothelial cells. In addition, there was limited evidence for leakage across tight junctions. After 1 day the barrier selectivity appeared to be restored and vesicular transport of HRP was not found. Endothelial pinocytosis, however, appeared enhanced for as long as 7 days following injury.
The accuracy of symptom reporting by patients complaining of palpitations

Abstract purpose: To examine the relationship between patients' reports of palpitations and documented arrhythmias. patients and methods: Consecutive patients complaining of palpitations and referred for 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were studied using self-report questionnaires and a structured diagnostic interview. Electrocardiographic results were subsequently analyzed in conjunction with symptom diaries. Positive predictive value was used to estimate the likelihood that a reported symptom coincided with a documented arrhythmia. Sensitivity was calculated as a measure of the likelihood that an arrhythmia would be detected and reported as a symptom. results: Positive predictive value was inversely related to somatization, hypochondriacal attitudes, and psychiatric symptoms. It was not related to chronicity of palpitations, previously diagnosed heart disease, more extensive medical care utilization, or clinically significant arrhythmias. Patients were generally insensitive to their arrhythmias, failing to note the vast majority. conclusions: Somatizing and hypochondriacal patients are not more sensitive to or accurately aware of subtle changes in cardiac activity, but rather may be expressing a response bias toward reporting somatic and psychologic distress in general. Apparently, patients do not learn to discriminate and detect cardiac activity more accurately as a result of having more medical care or suffering longer with their symptoms.
A method of computing the distribution of a ligand among multiple binding sites on different proteins in plasma: thyroxine as an illustrative example.

Abstract This paper describes a computer program for estimating the amount of free or unbound ligand in the plasma as well as the distribution of the ligand among different sets of binding sites on different proteins. The input data consists of: the number and concentrations of proteins involved, the number of binding sites on each protein, the association constant and binding capacity of each set of sites for the ligand, and the total concentrations of ligand. The output provides tables of estimates of the concentration of free drug, the amount of ligand bound by each set of sites on each protein, the concentration of free protein, and the input values for reference. The distribution of thyroxine between thyroid binding globulin, prealbumin, human serum albumin and free drug is used as an illustrative example.
Effect of methanol concentration on the speed-resolution properties in adiabatic supercritical fluid chromatography.

Abstract The influence of the modifier concentration in supercritical mixtures of carbon dioxide and methanol on the speed-resolution properties of columns packed with 1.7 μm core–shell particles was investigated from a theoretical viewpoint. Molar fractions of methanol up to 30% were considered. The column was assumed to be operated under strict adiabatic conditions in order to maximize its efficiency. Four inlet temperatures were tested, between 297 and 337 K. Four different pressure drops along the column were considered, between 25 and 200 bar. The physico-chemical properties (density, viscosity, and heat capacity) of the mixtures of carbon dioxide and methanol were derived from the NIST REFPROP program for temperatures between 287 and 337 K and pressures between 150 and 390 bar. The axial heterogeneity of the column was taken into account by segmenting it into 500 hundreds slices in each of which all physical and chromatographic properties were assumed to be uniform. The apparent kinetic Poppe plots were built from the apparent column efficiency calculated from the sum of the increments of the retention times and time variances from the column inlet to its outlet. The numerical results showed that the axial heterogeneity of the column due to axial variations of the temperature and the equilibrium constant decreases with increasing molar fraction of methanol in the eluent when the pressure drop is increased from 25 to 200 bar. The methanol content decreases the speed-resolution of the column more particularly when the analysis is done at low pressure drops. The results demonstrate also that under adiabatic conditions, for pressure drops larger than 100 bar, an increase of methanol concentration does not cause a dramatic loss of speed-resolution. For example, at 310 K and with a pressure drop of 25 bar, the longest column is expected to deliver 17,000 plates; increasing the molar fractions of methanol from 0 to 30% decreases this efficiency by about 15% and increases the analysis time by +140%. In contrast, under the same experimental conditions except for a pressure drop of 200 bar, the maximum efficiency (130,000 plates) would remain unchanged and the analysis time increase by only 40%.
A Curious Connection Between Fermat Numbers and Finite Groups

(2002). A Curious Connection Between Fermat Numbers and Finite Groups. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 109, No. 6, pp. 517-524.
Anesthesia for Prolonged Bronchoscopy

At the Mayo Clinic, experience with 22 patients undergoing bronchoscopy on 29 occasions has shown that prolonged operative manipulation in the airway can be carried out safely and satisfactorily using general anesthesia. Requisites for this procedure include a period of apneic oxygenation, an adequate-sized endotracheal tube, hyperventilation of the patient during operative manipulation, and careful attention to management of postoperative bronchospasm. Prolonged bronchoscopy under general anesthesia has permitted localization of occult bronchogenic carcinoma at an earlier stage than has been possible up to this point.
Synthesis of cholesterol analogs having varying length alkyl side chains including cholesterol-23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27-d 11 as probes of cholesterol's functions and properties

Cholesterol-23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27-d11 and nondeuterated long-chain analogs of cholesterol were prepared by alkylation of cyano-containing sterols with isopentyl-d11 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.0equiv.) or with isoalkyl bromides, followed by reductive decyanation with excess potassium metal and a crown ether in toluene. The products are potentially useful probes of the role of the side-chain of cholesterol in the sterol's interactions with membrane lipids and proteins.
Liberation modeling using automated image analysis

Abstract A population balance model describing the combined processes of size reduction and mineral liberation has been developed for batch grinding. Important model parameters including breakage distribution functions, breakage rate functions, and liberation functions have been determined experimentally by examining the mill product using a Zeiss SEM-IPS image analyzer. Areal assays, obtained from image analysis of monosized particle mounts, have been found to correspond quite closely to the actual chemical assays. As a result of the model parameter analysis, breakage distribution functions have been found to be independent of the grinding environment, while breakage rate functions appear to be sensitive to it. The model has been validated by simulating the batch grinding of a sphalerite ore from Tennessee. Excellent agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results is observed for both monosized and multisized feed materials. The liberation function has been found to be useful for analyzing the liberation mechanisms of composite particles.
OR/MS Implementation Research: A Bibliography

Whenever the volume of literature dealing with a specific topic reaches some significant level, an expository paper and accompanying bibliography soon follows. It appears that the body of literature on the problem of OR/MS Implementation and Implementation Research has reached this state. Almost 300 papers 75% of them in the last six years have been written on this topic, as reflected in the author's attempt to collect and classify this literature. During the process of reviewing these papers one observes that many writers are unaware of or neglect to reference the work of others and therefore, with a few notable exceptions, a clear-cut research tradition has not developed. Hopefully the work reported here will add some cohesion to a rather fragmented yet substantial body of research.
P‐91: The Effect of Contaminants Adsorbed by AP‐Plasma Treatment on MgO Film in AC‐ Plasma Display Panels

We applied the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (AP-plasma) to the MgO film to change the electrical properties of the AC-PDP. As Plasma-treatment progressed, parts of the MgO film turned deep red. We used Ar, O2, and N2 in individual and combined forms as the regulated gases to check which discharge gases contributed to forming the reddish parts and investigated them using EDS, FT-IR, SIMS. Electrical properties of Plasma-treated Panels were also checked. The AP-plasma seemed to activated the MgO film surface, making adsorption of Carbon and Water in the atmosphere easier. Oxygen greatly increases the discharge voltage.
Deliberate Disease: Biological Weapons, Threats, and Policy Responses

The arguments for and against the acquisition of biological and toxin weapons (BTW) are examined. A country's decision to acquire such weapons is analyzed by means of matrix analysis, separating the effects of three parameters: The offensive capability of the aggressor, the retaliatory capability of the target, and the military purpose(s) to which the weapons would be applied. The research identifies those circumstances wherein BTW are most likely to be used. The findings have implications for the type of arms control regime that should be implemented to minimize the probability that these weapons will be used, and to control their proliferation. Specifically, the author makes recommendations concerning proposals to promote compliance with the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.
Analysis of failure properties and strength of structural adhesive joints with damage mechanics

The present paper deals with the strength and failure properties of adhe sive joints weakened by initial imperfections such as flaws or debonding of the interface. The problem is analyzed by applying the principles of the newly developed damage mechanics with suitable modifications made to accommodate the inherent physical and mechanical properties of structural adhesives. The reduction in effective load-carrying area due to damage accumulation is represented by a symmetric damage tensor of second rank that is related to the decrease of elastic modulus via a hypothesis of energy equiva lence. Damage evolution is assumed to be controlled by the dilatational part of total en ergy. The model is then implemented onto a finite element program by using the updated Lagrangian formulation. A butt adhesive joint weakened by a central crack in the adhesive is subsequently analyzed to demonstrate the potential capability of the damage model. Detailed stress and damage distributions in the near and far fields are giv...
A hardware semantics based on temporal intervals

We present an interval-based temporal logic that permits the rigorous specification of a variety of hardware components and facilitates describing properties such as correctness of implementation. Conceptual levels of circuit operation ranging from detailed quantitative timing and signal propagation up to functional behavior are integrated in a unified way. After giving some motivation for reasoning about hardware, we present the propositional and first-order syntax and semantics of the temporal logic. In addition we illustrate techniques for describing signal transitions as well as for formally specifying and comparing a number of delay models. Throughout the discussion, the formalism provides a means for examining such concepts as device equivalence and internal states.
Multiport network model for two-port gap-coupled rectangular microstrip patches

A multiport network modeling (MNM) approach is developed for the analysis and design of a gap-coupled two-port rectangular microstrip patch. The case when the radiating edge is along the gap is considered. A good agreement between moment-method results and the results based on the MNM approach has been obtained verifying the accuracy of the MNM approach developed for gap-coupled patch. >
Long-wave infrared chemical sensing based on difference frequency generation in orientation-patterned GaAs

We have developed a broadly tunable, long-wave infrared difference frequency source based on orientation-patterned GaAs. The system has been applied to both cavity ring-down spectroscopy and multi-pass absorption for high specificity, high sensitivity chemical detection.
Specific features of magnet design for the Duke FEL storage ring

The 1 GeV Duke FEL storage ring is dedicated to drive UV and VUV free electron laser devices. The high brightness and low emittance electron beams needed for these devices demand high performance and tight tolerances on the storage ring magnet lattice. Tight tolerances include close spacing of magnetic elements. We show how combined function magnets are used to eliminate discrete elements and odd shaped end pieces which cause magnetic coupling, saturation and severe undesirable field nonlinearities. Using this scheme we are able to achieve desirable ring dynamic aperture with only minor modification of existing hardware. Also included is a discussion of a non-standard septum magnet with stray field compensation which will be employed by this storage ring. The design, testing procedures, and preliminary results are outlined for this magnet. >
Characterization of low-noise quasi-optical SIS mixers for the submillimeter band

We report on the development of low-noise quasi-optical SIS mixers for the frequency range 400-850 GHz. The mixers utilize twin-slot antennas, two-junction tuning circuits, and Nb-trilayer junctions. Fourier-transform spectrometry has been used to verify that the frequency response of the devices is well predicted by computer simulations. The 400-850 GHz frequency band can be covered with four separate fixed-tuned mixers. We measure uncorrected double-sideband receiver noise temperatures around 5h/spl nu//k/sub B/ to 700 GHz, and better than 540 K at 808 GHz. These results are among the best reported to date for broadband heterodyne receivers.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulates Phosphorylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in GH3 Pituitary Cells

TRH has been found to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. A specific EGF receptor kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG1478, substantially reduced TRH-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. TRH-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was found to lead to the recruitment of the adapter proteins Grb2 and Shc. TRH treatment also led to phosphorylation of the related receptor tyrosine kinase, HER2. HER2 activation likely contributes to downstream signaling events and enhances EGF receptor action. TRH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor was reduced by incubation with a protein kinase C (PKC) kinase inhibitor, GF109203X. EGF receptor phosphorylation was required for full TRH-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stimulation of specific transcriptional responses.
Synthesis of 1‐decene‐2‐13C

A four-step synthesis of 1-decene-2-13C starting with 1-bronooctane (57% overall yield) is described.
Severe Speech Sound Disorders: An Integrated Multimodal Intervention

Purpose : This study introduces an integrated multimodal intervention (IMI) and examines its effectiveness for the treatment of persistent and severe speech sound disorders (SSD) in young children....
Computerized in vitro test for chemical toxicity based on Tetrahymena swimming patterns

An apparatus and a method for rapidly determining chemical toxicity have been evaluated as an alternative to the rabbit eye initancy test (Draize). The toxicity monitor includes an automated scoring of how motile biological cells (Tetrahymena pyriformis) slow down or otherwise change their swimming patterns in a hostile chemical environment. The method, called the Motility Assay (MA), is tested for 30 s to determine the chemical toxicity in 20 aqueous samples containing trace organics and salts. With equal or better detection limits, results compare favorably to in vivo animal tests of eye irritancy.
An Algorithm for High Technology Engineering and Management Education

We present the Technology, Education, and Commercialization (TEC) Algorithm: complete sets of information and decision analysis tools used in an experiential learning process to find, assess, and commercialize technologies. The TEC educational process prepares graduate engineering and management students for the challenges they encounter when managing technology commercialization in high technology startups. Emphasis is placed on high-technology startups as a pedagogical tool to teach the entire business and technical development process to students. The process is equally applicable for corporate ventures and individuals interested in championing new ideas.
Transarterial chemoembolization for primary hepatocellular carcinoma in patients at high risk.

Purpose Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has become a standard treatment option for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of TACE in patients at high risk with increased serum bilirubin level, low serum albumin level, poor hepatic reserve, or compromised hepatopetal flow in the portal vein (PV). Materials and Methods A total of 52 patients underwent 65 high-risk procedures. Thirty patients treated with 38 procedures (57.7% of patients and 58.5% of procedures) had serum bilirubin levels of 2–3 mg/dL (ie, moderate elevation) and 22 patients treated with 27 procedures (42.3% and 41.5%) had a serum bilirubin level of at least 3 mg/dL (ie, considerable elevation). Forty patients (76.9%) had serum albumin levels less than 3.5 mg/dL. Thirteen recipients of 15 procedures (25% and 20%) had portal diversion or obstruction. Twenty-four patients (46.2%) had a Child-Pugh (CP) score of 8 or less and 28 patients (53.8%) had a CP score of at least 9 at the time of TACE. Thirty patients (57.7%) had focal tumors and 22 patients (42.3%) had multifocal or infiltrative disease. Superselective chemoembolization could be performed in 37 procedures (56.9%); lobar chemoembolization was performed in the remaining 28 (43.1%). Results The 30-day mortality rate was 7.7% and the procedure-related morbidity rate was 10.8%. Patients with multifocal disease and lobar embolization had significantly higher mortality rates ( P = .03). Individual factors such as serum bilirubin, serum albumin, and PV flow did not affect outcomes significantly. The 1- and 2-year survival rates in patients with focal disease were 67.9% and 37.7%, respectively, compared with 19.6% and 0% in patients with multifocal disease ( P Conclusions TACE in patients considered at high risk does not necessarily incur a higher incidence of morbidity or mortality. Patient selection should be based on extent of disease, and these tumors should be treated selectively at a segmental level if possible.
Retooling the Profession in the Light of Modern Research

A MMORA TORIUM on factlessness. Teachers of languages can take pride in belonging to a field with more documented research and experimentation upon which to draw than most other subjects combined. The fact that very little of this tested experience is used by those who write books and articles (and is, therefore, seldom known to more than a few newcomers to the ranks) indicates that the profession may not be taking full advantage of all that this thesaurus of recorded experimentation and research has to offer in the way of help in the guidance of students, choice of content, testing and evaluation, or even method in the classroom. The language curriculum would be well served by a more adequate consideration of the implications of research in language teaching for practice in the classroom by those who are preparing to teach at any level from the elementary school through the university. That ability to make effective use of the tested experience of the profession should not be developed at the expense of scholarship in the languages and their literatures is obvious for very practical reasons. If such ability could be increased, however, several important advantages, not now generally realized, might be achieved. Such training would bring teachers of languages into closer cooperation with teachers in other fields. Granting that the intricacies of the imperfect subjunctive, as such, may not be of interest to teachers of social studies or natural science, the ways in which human beings can be led to learn anything well, and to live what they learn outside of school, are matters of universal concern to all teachers and even to parents and the public at large. A retooling of the profession in the light of modern research would, if viewed in the light of its practical application to the classroom, also serve as a criterion for judging proposed changes in school procedures. Without such a rooting it is easy to become lost in a swampy ground of pretentious sophistry, to be blown like a tumbleweed in this direction or that by any gust of pedagogical wind that hits the school, and even to mistake scholarship in educational research itself with the desperate efforts "to
Representative Bureaucracy: An Empirical Analysis

Past theories of representative bureaucracy have four weaknesses: they assume that traditional controls are ineffective without empirical evidence, rely on secondary variables, omit the effects of lifetime socialization, and do not consider the role of individual bureaus. Because of these weaknesses, a representative bureaucracy need not be a responsive bureaucracy. Although restricted by secondary analysis, this paper seeks to eliminate these failings and empirically demonstrate the unrepresentative nature of the United States federal bureaucracy. The representativeness of various grade classifications, special services, and bureaus is also measured; and the United States upper civil service is compared to that of five other nations. After an attempt to measure the values of bureaucrats, the future concerns of the theory of representative bureaucracy are outlined.
Impact of optic flow perception and egocentric coordinates on veering in Parkinson's disease

Spatial navigation is a complex process requiring integration of visuoperceptual information. The present study examined how visuospatial function relates to navigational veering in Parkinson's disease, a movement disorder in which visuospatial cognition is affected by the degeneration of the basal ganglia and resulting dysfunction of the parietal lobes. We hypothesized that patients whose initial motor symptoms start on the left versus right side of the body (LPD, predominant right-hemisphere dysfunction; RPD, predominant left-hemisphere dysfunction) would display distinct patterns of navigational veering associated with the groups’ dissimilar visuospatial profiles. Of particular interest was to examine the association of navigational veering (lateral deviation along the medio-lateral axis) with perception of egocentric coordinates and of radial optic flow patterns, both of which are mediated by the parietal lobes. Thirty-one non-demented Parkinson's disease patients (16 LPD, 15 RPD) and 18 healthy control (HC) adults received visuospatial tests, of whom 23 Parkinson's disease patients and 17 HC also underwent veering assessment. The participants were examined on three visual-feedback navigation conditions: none (eyes closed), natural, and optic flow supplied by a virtual-reality headset. All groups veered to the left when walking with eyes closed, women with Parkinson's disease more so than the other participants. On the navigation assessments with visual feedback, only LPD patients deviated right of centre. On tests of visuospatial function, the perceived midline was shifted rightward in LPD (men and women), increasingly so with the addition of visual input. In contrast, men with RPD showed leftward deviation. RPD patients and HC perceived optic flow in the left hemifield as faster than in the right hemifield, with a trend for the opposite pattern for LPD. Navigational veering in LPD was associated with deviation of the perceived egocentric midline and not with perception of optic flow speed asymmetries, and in RPD it was also associated with visual dependence, though in fact LPD subjects were more visually dependent than those with RPD. Our results indicate that (i) parietal-mediated perception of visual space is affected in Parkinson's disease, with both side of motor symptom onset and gender affecting spatial performance, and (ii) visual input affects veering.
Review of Water Resources Engineering—Handbook of Essential Methods and Design by Anand Prakash

This is a well organized handbook of essential methods and design of water resources projects. The methods and equations included in the book focus on how to solve practical engineering problems with a minimum of literature searches. The book should not be used as a text book for students to learn the basic theories in water resources engineering. It is intended for practicing engineers who are already equipped with the knowledge and understanding of the basics in hydrology and hydraulics. This book consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction to water resources engineering and how to plan and document water resources engineering studies. Chapter 2 provides a summary of basic hydrologic analyses, i.e., estimation of peak flow, determination of runoff hydrograph, hydrologic consideration of reservoir operation, and some of the commonly used hydrologic models. Chapter 3 provides a summary of hydraulic analyses of open channel flows, hydraulics of weir and spillways, and pipe flows. Chapter 4 provides a brief summary of groundwater theories and how to apply them to one-dimensional steadystate flows, steady-state radial flows, unsteady flows, and con-
What We Do and Don't Know about Chinese Learners of English: A Critical Review of Selected Research

This paper is a critical review of selected research on the learning of English by Chinese speakers, in particular, on the difficulties they experience and the variables determining the success of ...
Physiology and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings treated with ethanol solutions.

Applying 1, 5, 10, and 20% solutions of ethanol to the roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) seedlings three times a week was deleterious to their physiology and growth. Ethanol concentrations of 10% or higher were lethal within a week of treatment initiation, while the 5% solution was lethal to seedlings at 8 weeks. Seedlings treated with the 1% solution were alive at 8 weeks, but showed signs of physiological decline. If Douglas-fir seedlings have a tolerance threshold for ethanol solutions applied to their roots, it appears to be at a concentration below 1%. Ethanol moved up the stems and into needles, yielding concentrations in the stems 9 times higher than in needles. Ethanol vapors in the atmosphere surrounding seedlings readily diffused into needles, but not into stems. After 1 week of treatments, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration declined as ethanol concentrations increased. However, seedlings treated with the control (0%) and 1% ethanol solutions had the same xylem water potentials, which were higher than for seedlings treated with the 5% solutions. High ethanol concentrations (]1%) may have damaged membranes involved in photosynthesis and stomatal function thereby causing the observed decline in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. At concentrations] 5%, water uptake was impaired, suggesting that root membranes may have been damaged. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Basement Membrane-Based Glucose Sensor Coatings Enhance Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Vivo.

Background:Implantable glucose sensors demonstrate a rapid decline in function that is likely due to biofouling of the sensor. Previous efforts directed at overcoming this issue has generally focused on the use of synthetic polymer coatings, with little apparent effect in vivo, clearly a novel approach is required. We believe that the key to extending sensor life span in vivo is the development of biocompatible basement membrane (BM) based bio-hydrogels as coatings for glucose sensors.Method:BM based bio-hydrogel sensor coatings were developed using purified BM preparations (ie, Cultrex from Trevigen Inc). Modified Abbott sensors were coated with Cultrex BM extracts. Sensor performance was evaluated for the impact of these coatings in vitro and in vivo in a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) mouse model. In vivo sensor function was assessed over a 28-day time period expressed as mean absolute relative difference (MARD) values. Tissue reactivity of both Cultrex coated and uncoated glucose sensors was eval...