cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IT Outsourcing Maturity Model

This paper presents a model for analysing IT outsourcing maturity in organizations. Organizations outsource their IT for reasons such as cost reduction, access to superior skill sets, focus on core competence, and strategic objectives. Organizations that outsource the development, operational and management of their IT activities to other companies are at various levels of maturity. This study identifies five levels of maturity based on literature review and informal interview discussion with practitioners. The five stages of maturity developed in this research are Insourcing, Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing. These five stages of maturity are discussed in this paper and the implication for researchers and practitioners are identified.
Systematic reviews of clinical trials of acupuncture as treatment for depression: how systematic and accurate are they?

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is very popular in the United States, Canada and other Western societies, and the number of patients seeking treatment by CAM practitioners is increasing. This trend also affects treatment-seeking patients with affective disorders. Many patients and mental health providers update their information and formulate opinions and decisions based on second-hand digested summaries and scientific reviews of the literature. This results in the proliferation of review articles and journals that are exclusively dedicated to reviews. Since most medical schools do not teach CAM and most continuing medical education programs still ignore these subjects, it is of interest to examine the reliability of reviews that claim to be “systematic” and not to take their procedures and conclusions for granted.
Bayesian implementation of a Lagrangian macroscopic traffic flow model

In this paper we apply state-estimation techniques to a model which describes the time-evolution of observed traffic patterns. We develop a switched linear state-space formulation of a macroscopic traffic flow model and then use Sequential Monte Carlo filtering and regime-based Kaiman Filter (RKF) to reconstruct the underlying traffic patterns, where observations are provided by a microscopic traffic flow simulation which runs in parallel with our model.
Oxygen absorption by 2,5-dimethylpyrrole doped shale diesel fuel: Measurement under conditions of accelerated storage

The absorption of oxygen by thermally stressed samples of a shale-derived diesel fuel containing an active dopant was conveniently monitored by means of a gas buret assembly. The depletion of soluble 2,5-dimethylpyrrole in the fuel was correlated with oxygen uptake in doped fuel samples at temperatures of 65 and 80 °C. The observation of induction periods in DMP-promoted fuel instability were noted. The auto-oxidation of DMP in the fuel was confirmed to be first order in DMP with an approximate activation energy of 11–12 kcal mol−1, in agreement with earlier gravimetric studies.
The Financial Judgment and Decision Making Process of Women: The Role of Negative Feelings

This is a PDF file of ‘The Financial Judgment and Decision Making Process of Women: The Role of Negative Feelings’ slides from a presentation at the Third Annual Meeting of the Academy of Behavioral Finance & Economics, September 21-23, 2011, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.This conference presentation provided an extensive discussion about the literature on academic studies and non-academic research endeavors (e.g., national surveys and polls) in the realm of negative emotions, gender, and decision making. The financial psychology literature on gender and negative feelings documents the hypothesis that women reveal greater degrees of negative affect (emotion) than their male counterparts about money, financial planning, and investment decisions. Note: SSRN is experimenting with enabling the distribution of different types of files: slides, spreadsheets, video, etc. This is an upload of a PDF file of PowerPoint slides. We are interested in our users desires to distribute files that go beyond word processing text files. You can communicate with me on these issues via my email address below. We invite you to submit your own presentation slides.
Residual and influence diagnostics

In Chapter 6, the statistical methods of residual diagnostics are described first. A variety of residual types are specified, both generally and with specific regard to longitudinal data analysis. I also delineate semi-variogram, a popular residual diagnostic technique applied in longitudinal data analysis. This unique method is used to check whether serial correlation among repeated measurements for the same subject is present given the specified fixed effects and the covariance parameters. The method can be specified in both the random intercept and the random coefficient perspectives. Next, the statistical methods on influence diagnostics are displayed. The variety of the basic diagnostics to identify influential observations include the Cook’s distance statistic, leverage, the DFFITS score, the MDFFITS statistic, COVTRACE, COVRATIO, the likelihood displacement statistic (the LD statistic), and the LMAX standardized statistic. An empirical illustration is provided for displaying how to check whether there are any influential observations in fitting a linear mixed model.
Common needs but divergent interventions for U.S. homeless and foster care children: results from a systematic review

Many children living in homeless situations in the U.S. have temporary stays in foster care, and both populations suffer disproportionately higher rates of physical, psychological and social difficulties compared with other children. However, very little is known about which specific interventions achieve the best outcomes for children in these overlapping transitional living situations. To address this gap, we review existing literature to identify the most promising practices for children living in transition. A standardised vocabulary specific to each of three electronic databases (i.e. Medline, PsychINFO and CINAHL) was employed to identify studies that described an intervention specifically targeting foster care or homeless children and families. Separate systematic searches were conducted for homeless and foster children, and only studies published in English between January 1993 and February 2009 were selected. The final sample (n = 43) of articles described interventions that fell into two categories: mental health (n = 17) and case management (n = 26). No article included a sample containing both homeless and foster care children, and most studies on homeless children used case management interventions while most studies on foster care children focused on mental health interventions. Few articles employed rigorous study designs. Although repeatedly studies have demonstrated the overlap between populations of homeless and foster care children, studies focused on one population or the other. Virtually all studies on both homeless and foster children devised interventions to reduce trauma and family instability; yet, no evidence-based practice addresses the overlapping needs and potentially relevant evidence-based practice for these two populations. An important and vital next step is to establish an effective evidence-based intervention that reduces the impact of trauma on both U.S. populations of children living in transition.
Forced and constrained consensus among cooperating agents

In this paper we consider the coordination of multiple agents via nearest-neighbor negotiations over a consensus variable. Existing results for single consensus variables are extended to include the cases of forced consensus, when one of the negotiating agents is driven by a setpoint, and of multiple consensus variables separated by hard constraints.
Functional and Genetic Characterization of the Oligomerization and DNA Binding Properties of the Drosophila Doublesex Proteins

The doublesex (dsx) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes both male-specific (DSXM) and female-specific (DSXF) polypeptides, which are required for normal differentiation of numerous sexually dimorphic somatic traits. The DSX polypeptides are transcription factors and have been shown previously to bind through a zinc finger-like domain to specific sites in an enhancer regulating sex-specific expression of yolk protein genes. We have determined the consensus target sequence for this DNA binding domain to be a palindromic sequence (A)(G)NNAC(T)(A) A(A)(T)GTNN(T)(C) composed of two half-sites around a central (A/T) base pair. As predicted by the symmetric nature of this site, we have found that the DSX proteins exist as dimers in vivo and have mapped two independent dimerization domains by the yeast two-hybrid method; one in the non-sex-specific amino-terminal region of the protein and one that includes the partially sex-specific carboxy-terminal domains of both the male and female polypeptides. We have further identified a missense mutation that eliminates dsx function in female flies, and shown that the same mutation prevents dimerization of DSXF in the yeast two-hybrid system, indicating a critical role for dimerization in dsx function in vivo.
Preliminary evaluation of potential stable isotope and trace element productivity proxies in the oyster Crassostrea gigas

Abstract As most bivalve mollusks are filter feeders or deposit feeders—predatory septibranchs (Poromyacea) being the notable exception—they are closely linked with the activity of primary producers. Perhaps this is nowhere more evident than in shallow water habitats influenced by seasonal phytoplankton blooms. In these systems, photoautotrophs are capable of changing the physical and chemical properties of the water column. In turn, clams, ingest large quantities of phytoplankton and precipitate their shells in these chemically altered waters. Thus, clam shells likely archive valuable information about phytoplankton dynamics in shallow water habitats. To better understand this relationship, we investigated geochemical records from two potential productivity proxy systems archived in shells of the oyster Crassostrea gigas that live in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, USA. Here we present multi-year records of shell carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) and barium/calcium (Ba/Cacarb) variation. These archives are compared with records of environmental variation using oxygen isotopes (δ18Ocarb) as a temporal marker. We also present high-resolution δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb and Ba/Ca profiles associated with the 2003 spring phytoplankton bloom. Our results suggest that the prominent positive δ13Ccarb excursion, present in shell material deposited in the spring of 2003, most likely reflects photosynthetic enrichment of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool. Calibration of stable isotopes with calculated chlorophyll a concentrations, measured during the bloom, suggests that our δ13Ccarb sample variation reflects phytoplankton abundance with 3 to 4 day resolution. These findings highlight the potential utility of stable isotope records as tools for reconstructing patterns of primary productivity. Elevated Ba/Ca values are recorded each year in the spring. Thus, like stable isotope profiles, Ba/Ca profiles from these specimens demarcate individual years of shell growth and establish ontogenetic age. Low- and high-resolution Ba/Ca profiles do not, however, correlate with the 2003 spring phytoplankton bloom, casting doubt on the relationship between Ba/Ca ratios and phytoplankton blooms. Although the Ba/Ca peak timing loosely correlates with freshwater discharge events, peak amplitude does not, leaving the environmental cause/trigger of these peaks unknown. Nevertheless, the San Francisco Bay estuary seems like an ideal environment in which to further investigate the relationship between skeletal geochemical variation and patterns of primary productivity.
Computer security in academia: a potential roadblock to distributed annotation of the human genome

Computer security in academia—a potential roadblock to distributed annotation of the human genome
Creating test systems using AXIe and PXI modules

The new AXIe standard is based on the ATCA standards and relieves some constraints of PXI, most notably the module size and power limitations. However AXIe does not replace PXI since PXI provides an excellent solution for applications that don't need the incremental AXIe capabilities. Many conventional systems will benefit from combining PXI, AXIe and rack and stack assets. This paper describes the common software and hardware interfaces available from each and how to integrate them all together.
Metabolic syndrome best defines the multivariate distribution of blood variables in postinfarction patients.

The hypothesis was tested that metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a leading role in approximating the multivariate distribution of thrombogenic and metabolic blood variables in a population of postinfarction patients. The multivariate statistical technique of factor analysis was used to determine blood variable clustering 2 months after myocardial infarction. Five clusters resulted in two separate independent factors, dyslipidemia and metabolic, reflecting MS and the remaining interpreted as cholesterol-lipoprotein, vascular-inflammatory, and coagulation. All five factors accounted for 55% of total variance with MS-associated factors accounting for 20% and individual factor contributions as follows: 11.6, 8.6, 12.9, 11.9, and 9.6%, respectively. There were no interactions of metabolic variables with thrombogenic variables or CRP in any factor. Results of subgroup analysis in males and females and in patients on and not on statins were all similar to the total group. We conclude there is no interaction of variables of MS or cholesterol-lipoprotein factors with those of thrombogenic factors. This independence yields the potential for use of factors in evaluating CVD risk. Further, the importance of MS in this group of postinfarction patients is emphasized, as the largest contribution to total variance was from MS factors, meaning that these variables best approximate the original multivariate distribution.
Prosthodontic management of a combination transosteal/endosteal implant reconstruction: a clinical report.

This is a clinical report of a patient who was not referred for prosthodontic evaluation and treatment until after undergoing Branemark endosseous implant placement to supplement the previously existing mandibular staple bone plate implant. This supplemental treatment was the surgeon's attempt to resolve the patient's complaint of loose dentures. Creativity with implant biomechanics and prosthodontic design were necessary to restore the patient, in a predictable manner, to normal function. A fixed, detachable cast overdenture bar rigidly connected to all the implants was constructed utilizing resilient attachments to retain the tissue-supported mandibular overdenture. A presurgical prosthodontic evaluation could have averted many of the problems encountered with treatment. More effective conventional prosthodontic treatment may have resolved the patient's complaints and eliminated the need for additional implant placement.
Rank 3 incidence structures admitting dual-linear, linear diagram

Abstract The results, restricted to finite Buekenhout incidence structures, are the following. (1) Let Γ be a finite rank 3 Buekenhout incidence structure admitting diagram Then for some generalized projective geometry π and some integer i , Γ is isomorphic to the rank 3 Buekenhout incidence structure having all ( i − 2)-, ( i − 1)-, and i -dimensional subspaces of π as varieties, and comparability as the incidence relation. (2) Let Γ be a finite rank 3 Buekenhout incidence structure admitting diagram Then for some set X and integer i , Γ is isomorphic to the rank 3 Buekenhout incidence structure having all ( i − 1)-, i -, and ( i + 1)-subsets of X as varieties, and set inclusion as the incidence relation.
Routing Internet traffic in heterogeneous mesh networks: Analysis and algorithms

In practical wireless mesh networks (WMNs), gateways are subject to hard capacity limits on the aggregate number of flows (in terms of bit rate) that they can support. Thus, if traffic is routed in the mesh network without considering those constraints, as well as the traffic distribution, some gateways or intermediate mesh routers may rapidly get overloaded, and the network resources can be unevenly utilized. To address this problem, in this paper we firstly develop a multi-class queuing network model to analyze feasible throughput allocations, as well as average end-to-end delay, in heterogeneous WMNs. Guided by our analysis, we design a Capacity-Aware Route Selection algorithm (CARS), which allocates network paths to downstream and upstream Internet flows so as to ensure a more balanced utilization of wireless network resources and gateways' fixed connections. Through simulations in a number of different network scenarios we show that the CARS scheme significantly outperforms conventional shortest path routing, as well as an alternative routing method that distributes the traffic load on the gateway nodes to minimize its variance.
Person‐organization value congruence, burnout and diversion of resources

One‐hundred‐thirty‐five university faculties participated in a survey‐based study of burnout. This study investigated the role of person‐organization value congruence on the experience of burnout. Also, the mediating role of burnout on the relationship between person‐organization value congruence and outcomes (in congruence with Maslach, Schaufel and Leiter's theory) was examined. As predicted by a coping/withdrawal framework, burnout was associated with less time spent on teaching, service/administrative tasks, and professional development activities. To a lesser extent, burnout was associated with spending more time on non‐work activities. Person‐organization value congruence was strongly associated with burnout. Value congruence had direct relationships with several of the outcome variables, and, consistent with the model, burnout partially or fully mediated the relationship between congruence and satisfaction, spending less time on teaching, and on professional development activities.
Differential tolerance of bush bean cultivars to excess manganese in solution and sand culture

Abstract Nineteen bush bean cultivars were screened for tolerance to excess Mn in nutrient solution and sand culture experiments. Seven‐day‐old seedlings were treated with full strength Hoagland No. 2 nutrient solution containing different Mn concentrations for 12 days in the greenhouse. Cultivars showing the greatest sensitivity to Mn toxicity were ‘Wonder Crop 1’ and ‘Wonder Crop 2'; those showing the greatest tolerance were ‘Green Lord’, ‘Red Kidney’ and ‘Edogawa Black Seeded’. Leaf Mn concentration of plants grown in sand culture was higher than that for plants grown in solution culture. The lowest leaf Mn concentration at which Mn toxicity symptoms developed, was higher in tolerant than in sensitive cultivars. The Fe/Mn ratio in the leaves at which Mn toxicity symptoms developed, was higher in the sensitive cultivars than in the tolerant ones. We concluded that Mn tolerance in certain bush bean cultivars is due to a greater ability to tolerate a high level of Mn accumulation in the leaves.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces As Studied by SECM

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to investigate the kinetics of heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) as a function of driving force at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. At high driving force, experimental rate constants decreased with increasing overpotential, deviating from predictions based on Butler−Volmer kinetics. This decrease in ET rate with increasing driving force is consistent with Marcus theory inverted region behavior. At low driving force, the potential dependence of the forward and reverse ET rate constants followed Butler−Volmer theory. SECM is also demonstrated to be a useful means of studying the effect of high ionic strength on the kinetics of heterogeneous ET.
Experiences With Parents and Youth Physical Health Symptoms and Cortisol: A Daily Diary Investigation

Using daily diary data, this study examined the associations between positive and negative parent–youth experiences and youth cortisol and physical health symptoms among a sample of adolescents (N = 132, mean age = 13.39). On days when girls reported more negative experiences than usual, they exhibited more physical health symptoms and flatter evening cortisol slopes than usual. Negative experiences with mothers were associated with higher dinner and bedtime youth cortisol levels (between-person). Daily positive experiences with fathers were linked with lower dinner cortisol levels. Youth with high levels of negative experiences, on average, were less sensitive to daily variation in negative experiences than youth who experienced lower parental negativity. We discuss the benefits of a daily diary approach.
A Note on Evaluating a Certain Orthant Probability

Abstract Using only a first-year calculus background, a closed-form expression for an orthant probability is derived. The result and examples are appropriate for students in their first course in the theory of nonparametric statistics.
The effects of levonantradol on rewarding brain stimulation thresholds in the rat

Rats were implanted bilaterally with electrodes aimed at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and trained to deliver intracranial stimulation. Reward thresholds were determined using a modification of the psychophysical method of limits. Levonantradol, a cannabinoid with reported analgesic activity, was tested at doses between 0.0125 to 0.3 mg/kg. Significant elevations of reward thresholds were observed at 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg. Since none of the doses tested lowered the reward threshold, an effect believed to be predictive of abuse, these results suggest that levonantradol has little or no abuse liability.
A high resolution direction-of-arrival algorithm for narrow-band coherent and incoherent sources

A high-resolution algorithm is presented for solving the general multiple-source location problem. The incident energy sources may be a mixture of incoherent, partially coherent, or coherent narrowband plane waves, and the array's geometry is unrestricted. A procedure is first developed that tests for the presence of coherent sources. If no coherent sources are detected, this procedure provides the azimuth and elevation angles associated with the incident sources. When a subset of the sources are found to be coherent, however, an iterative method is then given for solving a nonlinear relationship that provides the required source azimuth-elevation angle estimates. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improved performance achieved by this new approach relative to that obtained with MUSIC for incoherent sources and spatial smoothed MUSIC for coherent sources. >
Understanding applicant behavior in employment interviews: A theoretical model of interviewee performance

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical model of interviewee performance in selection interviews. Our model positions the construct of interviewee performance as a central mediating variable between candidate attributes and interviewer ratings. The model includes six sets of factors that may influence interviewee performance, interviewer ratings, or both (e.g., interviewer–interviewee dynamics). This model promotes a fundamental shift in the way we think about employment interviews, from a focus on interviewer ratings to a focus on interviewee performance. Factors like culture and interview specific self-efficacy, while receiving little attention in current literature, take on greater significance when viewed through the lens of interviewee performance. A number of avenues for future research are developed and presented, which we hope will encourage future research in this area.
The primate neocortex in comparative perspective using magnetic resonance imaging

In this study we use neuroanatomic data from living anthropoid primate subjects to test the following three hypotheses: (1) that the human neocortex is significantly larger than expected for a primate of our brain size, (2) that the human prefrontal cortex is significantly more convoluted than expected for our brain size, and (3) that increases in cerebral white matter volume outpace increases in neocortical gray matter volume among anthropoid primates. Whole brain MRI scans were obtained from 44 living primate subjects from 11 different species. Image analysis software was used to calculate total brain volume, neocortical gray matter volume, cerebral white matter volume, and the cross sectional area of the spinal cord in each scan. Allometric regression analyses were used to compare the relative size of these brain structures across species, with an emphasis on determining whether human brain proportions correspond with predictions based on nonhuman primate allometric trajectories. All three hypotheses were supported by our analysis. The results of this study provide additional insights into human brain evolution beyond the important observation that brain volume approximately tripled in the hominid lineage by demonstrating that the neocortex was uniquely modified throughout hominid evolution. These modifications may constitute part of the neurobiological substrate that supports some of our species most distinctive cognitive abilities.
Structure-based HIV-1 integrase inhibitor design: a future perspective.

The pol gene of HIV-1 encodes for three essential enzymes, protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN). More than 16 drugs, targeting two of these enzymes, PR and RT have been approved by the FDA. At present, there are no clinically useful agents that inhibit the third enzyme, IN. Combination chemotherapy consisting of PR and RT inhibitors has shown remarkable success in the clinic and has benefited many patients. It is thought that a combination of drugs targeting all three enzymes should further incapacitate the virus. Discovery of highly selective PR inhibitors owe their success to the recent development in structure-guided drug design. During the past several years a plethora of structures of HIV-1 PR in complex with an inhibitor have been solved by x-ray crystallography. This incredible wealth of information provided opportunities for the discovery of second and third generation inhibitors. Due to the inherent nature of IN and insufficient structural information, structure-based inhi...
Parvovirus infection mimicking a myeloproliferative neoplasm in a toddler with sickle cell disease

![Figure][1] A 3-year-old boy with sickle cell disease (SCD) presented to the emergency room postsplenectomy for abdominal pain and constipation. Upon examination, he was noted to be tachycardic with a 3/6 systolic ejection murmur. Complete blood count showed a white blood cell (WBC) count of
Finite dimensional potential theory applied to numerical analysis of linear systems

Abstract It is shown how to use finite dimensional potential theory in the numerical analysis of certain iterative methods for solving differential equations.
Boundary conditions for the Swain-Schaad relationship as a criterion for hydrogen tunneling.

Hydrogen quantum mechanical tunneling has been suggested to play a role in a wide variety of hydrogen-transfer reactions in chemistry and enzymology. An important experimental criterion for tunneling is based on the breakdown of the semiclassical prediction for the relationship among the rates of the three isotopes of hydrogen (hydrogen -H, deuterium -D, and tritium -T). This is denoted the Swain−Schaad relationship. This study examines the breakdown of the Swain−Schaad relationship as criterion for tunneling. The semiclassical (no tunneling) limit used hereto (e.g., 3.34, for H/T to D/T kinetic isotope effects), was based on simple theoretical considerations of a diatomic cleavage of a stable covalent bond, for example, a C−H bond. Yet, most experimental evidence for a tunneling contribution has come from breakdown of those relationship for a secondary hydrogen, that is, not the hydrogen whose bond is being cleaved but its geminal neighbor. Furthermore, many of the reported experiments have been mixed-la...
Classroom-based research and evidence-based practice

This book was written primarily for teachers. As the author points out, both in their initial training and in further study teachers are expected to be able to carry out research into their own or ...
The Use of Court Records in the Reconstruction of Village Networks: A Comparative Perspective1

Taking a comparative study of peasant collective action as a starting point, this paper demonstrates how certain methodological techniques can improve the two-case contrast-oriented comparisons. The study, which is built on two comparative strategies (case versus case and case versus theory), is further upheld through case-level internal analyses reinforcing the implied causality across cases. Substantively, it argues that a better understanding of peasant behavior can be gained by embedding actors in networks of interaction within and across villages, presenting this as a fruitful bridge between micro (rational choice) and macro (institutional) analyses. In the process, new sources of historical evidence (court records) are proposed to reconstruct this middle level-horizontal structure of relations in villages indicating the degree of organization of rural communities.
A context and boundaries for a theory-driven approach to validity

Abstract This comment begins with the concern that the Chen and Rossi “theory-driven approach to validity” was offered as if it were universally applicable in evaluation. The purpose of this article is to identify the conditions under which the “theory-driven approach to validity” is relevant. Those conditions are when one is undertaking a major summative evaluation with primary concern about causality and generalizability to be judged according to rigorous criteria. There is a great deal of evaluation activity that falls outside those boundaries. The article discusses ways in which attention to face validity and working with stakeholders' own theory of action may be more appropriate ways to proceed for evaluations that are more action-oriented than “truth ”-oriented.
Advances in Scanning Reflectarray Antennas Based on Ferroelectric Thin-Film Phase Shifters for Deep-Space Communications

Though there are a few examples of scanning phased array antennas that have flown successfully in space, the quest for ldquolow costrdquo high-efficiency large-aperture microwave phased arrays continues. Fixed and mobile applications that may be part of a heterogeneous exploration communication architecture will benefit from the agile (rapid) beam steering and graceful degradation afforded by phased array antennas. The reflectarray promises greater efficiency and economy compared to directly radiating varieties. Implementing a practical scanning version has proven elusive. The ferroelectric reflectarray, under development and described herein, involves phase shifters based on coupled microstrip patterned on films that were laser ablated onto substrates. These devices outperform their semiconductor counterparts from X- through and K-band frequencies. There are special issues associated with the implementation of a scanning reflectarray antenna, especially one realized with thin-film ferroelectric phase shifters. This paper will discuss these issues, which include relevance of phase shifter loss; modulo 2 effects and phase shifter transient effects on bit error rate; scattering from the ground plane; presentation of a novel hybrid ferroelectric-semiconductor phase shifter; and the effect of mild radiation exposure on phase shifter performance.
A multipoint method of third order

LetF be a mapping of the Banach spaceX into itself. A convergence theorem for the iterative solution ofF(x)=0 is proved for the multipoint algorithmxn+1=xn−o(xn), where $$\phi (x) = F\prime_x^{ - 1} \left[ {F(x) + F\lgroup {x - F\prime_x^{ - 1} F(x)} \rgroup} \right]$$ andF′x is the Frechet derivative ofF. The theorem guarantees that, under appropriate conditions onF, the multipoint sequence {xn} generated by o converges cubically to a zero ofF. The algorithm is applied to the nonlinear Chandrasekhar integral equation $$\frac{1}{2}\omega _0 x(t)\int_0^1 {\frac{{tx(s)}}{{s + t}}ds - x(t) + 1 = 0}$$ where ω0>0. A discretization of the equations of iteration is discussed, and some numerical results are given.
Histone gene transcription: A model for responsiveness to an integrated series of regulatory signals mediating cell cycle control and proliferation/differentiation interrelationships

Histone gene expression is restricted to the S-phase of the cell cycle. Control is at multiple levels and is mediated by the integration of regulatory signals in response to cell cycle progression and the onset of differentiation. The H4 gene promoter is organized into a series of independent and overlapping regulatory elements which exhibit selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions with multiple transactivation factors. The three-dimensional organization of the promoter and, in particular, its chromatin structure, nucleosome organization, and interactions with the nuclear matrix may contribute to interrelationships of activities at multiple promoter elements. Molecular mechanisms are discussed that may participate in the coordinate expression of S-phase-specific core and H1 histone genes, together with other genes functionally coupled with DNA replication.
Chromosome localization and genomic structure of the KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1)

Abstract The identification and sequence of KiSS-1 (HGMW-approved symbol, KISS1), a human malignant melanoma metastasis-suppressor gene, was recently published. In this report, we present a corrected genomic sequence, genomic structure, and refined chromosomal location for KiSS-1. The genomic organization of the sequence reveals a gene consisting of four exons. The first two exons are not translated; the third exon contains 38 5′ noncoding bases followed by the translational start site and another 100 translated bases. The terminal exon contains a further 332 translated bases, the translational stop codon, and the polyadenylation signal. The gene maps to chromosome 1q32 as determined by radiation hybrid mapping and FISH analysis. The relatively simple organization of this gene will facilitate analyses for mutations and abnormal expression in human tumors.
Aromatic Benzannulated Germole Dianions. The Dilithio and Disodio Salts of a Germaindenyl Dianion

Conversion of the neutral 1,1-dichloro-DPGI (1) (DPGI = 2,3-diphenyl-1-germaindene) to the lithium dianion (2a) or sodium dianion (2b) leads to the highly unusual phenomenon of aromatization of the...
Effects of an unbalanced magnetron in a unique dual-cathode, high rate reactive sputtering system

Simple plasma and magnetic field measurements are presented to illustrate the opportunities afforded by using unbalanced magnetrons in a dual-cathode system. The system employs a pair of opposed cathodes, 38 cm x 13 cm, placed 27.5 cm apart, to coat specimens mounted on a rotational substrate holder. Comparisons are drawn between the original 'balanced' magnetron and several unbalanced configurations in terms of field strengths, deposition rates, etching characteristics, and substrate ion current densities for the growth of TiN films. The effects of 'unbalancing' on the nature of the plasma within the 3D geometry of the deposition chamber are elucidated via plasma probe and magnetic field studies performed under a variety of conditions. All the unbalanced configurations examined provided enhanced ion bombardment at the surface of the growing film. The closed-field or opposed magnet geometry resulted in a threefold or greater increase in current density when compared with that obtained using the corresponding mirrored geometry under the same conditions.
Relevance in tertiary instruction: A psychological interpretation

Relevance is an ill-used, slogan-like word which scholars eschew but which tertiary students persist in using as a criterion for success or failure of their classes. Those who would improve college instruction can facilitate student acceptance of their recommendation only by seeking to understand what relevance means to the learner, and by tailoring reforms to meet the learner's conceptions. Defining relevance as a kind of “goodness-of-fit” in teacher-student interaction, the author elucidates its cognitive, affective, and technological dimensions in the light of psychological research and theory. Students who demand relevance are asking for “meaningful” content which is appropriate to their developmental level and which is conveyed by media to which they naturally respond. The problems faced by teachers and curriculum planners include: (1) understanding the nature of the students' classroom experience; (2) designing curricula and instructional procedures which are congruent with, rather than antagonistic toward, the aspects of that experience which facilitate learning; and (3) finding ways of implementing those procedures within a system not easily turned from its traditional path. Specific suggestions for attaining relevance are made; but the strongest recommendation is for increased understanding of the meaning of the word relevance itself - a development which would bring vigor to an important word now vitiated by misuse.
HOW PATIENTS COMMUNICATE ABOUT THEIR ILLNESS

This article presents two empirical investigations of how patients communicate about their illness. A review of the literature on provider-patient communication is offered. From this review, we conclude that we know intuitively more about the interaction between health care providers and their patients than the research literature has revealed. A series of research questions are advanced concerning the patient's communicative contributions to the provider-patient relationship. The first study offers evidence of distinct patient-communication typologies. How patients communicate about their illness is also closely related to how they utilize the health care system. The second study uses independent raters to validate patient self-reports about their communication behavior. The findings suggest that how patients communicate to health care providers is a factor worthy of further study. Several specific avenues for future research are discussed in light of these findings.
Helicopter parents hovering in the workplace: What should HR managers do?

Abstract Applying life course theory, this article provides an overview of what is known about helicopter parenting behavior in the workplace and why it exists. Herein, we discuss the pervasiveness of this issue and present a typology of the different levels of intensity or obtrusiveness of parental involvement (‘reconnaissance,’ ‘low altitude,’ and ‘guerilla warfare’) in the workplace, as well as ways in which the adult child may respond to such behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of how employers are responding to this issue with proposed strategies for how to best manage such situations.
Elevated temperature application of polymer hollow-fiber membranes

Abstract Three asymmetric hollow-fiber polymer membrane systems were studied for application in elevated temperature, low feed pressure systems: (1) a single component polyaramide, (2) a single component polyimide, and (3) a composite polyimide on a polyimide/polyetherimide blend support. Permeation driving force was increased for the 2.2 psig feed pressure by sweeping an inert gas along the downstream side of the membrane. Both cocurrent and countercurrent sweep flow patterns were examined with only minimal differences found. The polyaramide membrane was stable in the entire range of temperatures tested (23–220°C). After utilizing a silicone rubber post-treatment, the membrane exhibited a hydrogen permeance of approximately 300 GPU at 175°C with a hydrogen to n -butane selectivity of 700. The polyimide-containing membranes had superior room-temperature properties; however, the thin skins aged at elevated temperatures. This aging effect decreased the permeance of the membranes approximately 40% at 175°C and slightly increased the permselectivity; however, the effects of aging leveled out over 200–250 h at 175°C and the membrane properties became constant. At this level, the polyimide membranes exhibited approximately 400 GPU of hydrogen permeance with a 660 selectivity to n -butane.
Sevenfold-reduced osmotic water permeability in primary astrocyte cultures from AQP-4-deficient mice, measured by a fluorescence quenching method.

A calcein fluorescence quenching method was applied to measure osmotic water permeability in highly differentiated primary cultures of brain astrocytes from wild-type and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4)-defici...
Isomeric cross-section ratio for the (α, pn) reaction

Abstract Isomeric cross section ratios have been measured at α-particle bombarding energies up to 40 MeV for the formation of 254 Es isomers from 252 Cf. The high-spin isomer was not observed, and a lower limit of 34 could be set for the cross-section ratio (low spin/high spin).
Myosin superfamily evolutionary history

The superfamily of myosin proteins found in eukaryotic cells is known to contain at least 18 different classes. Members are classified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the head domains located at the amino terminus of the polypeptide. While phylogenetic relationships provide insights into the functional relatedness of myosins within and between families, the evolutionary history of the myosin superfamily is not revealed by such studies. In order to establish the evolutionary history of the superfamily, we analyzed the representation of myosin gene families in a range of organisms covering the taxonomic spectrum. The amino acid sequences of 232 myosin heavy chains, as well as 65 organisms representing the protist, plant, and animal kingdoms, were included in this study. A phylogenetic tree of organisms was constructed based on several complementary taxonomic classification schemes. The results of the analysis support an evolutionary hypothesis in which myosins II and I evolved the earliest of all the myosin groups. Myosins V and XI evolved from a common myosin II-like ancestor, but the two families diverged to either the plant (XI) or animal (V) lineage. Class VII myosin appeared fourth among the families, and classes VI and IX appeared later during the early period of metazoan radiation. Myosins III, XV, and XVIII appeared after this group, and X appeared during the formative phases of vertebrate evolution. The remaining members of the myosin superfamily (IV, VI, XII, XIII, XIV, XVI, and XVII) are limited in distribution to one or more groups of organisms. The evolutionary data permits one to predict the likelihood that myosin genes absent from a given species are either missing (not found yet because of insufficient data) or lost due to a mutation that removed the gene from an organism's lineage. In conclusion, an analysis of the evolutionary history of the myosin superfamily suggests that early-appearing myosin families function as generalists, carrying out a number of functions in a variety of cell types, while more recently evolved myosin families function as specialists and are limited to a few organisms or a few cell types within organisms.
Unsupervised Statistical Learning of Higher-Order Spatial Structures from Visual Scenes

Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic, as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency, subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences. Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting "suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.
Treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the endovascular management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed with the approval and under the guidelines of the institutional review board and complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Informed consent from patients was not required by the institutional review board for this retrospective study. From 1995 to 2003, 13 patients (eight male, five female), including 12 adults and one adolescent (age range, 14–67 years; median age, 52 years), underwent endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation. Patients gave informed consent for all procedures. Eleven patients received whole livers, and two received living-related donor right liver lobes. Four underwent repeat piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation prior to intervention. Primary stent placement was performed in 12 patients. O...
Cranial growth and growth dimorphism in Ateles geoffroyi

With the exception of the work of Schultz (1960), cranial growth in Ateles is not well documented. This paper describes the results of a detailed quantitative study of cranial ontogeny in male and female Ateles geoffroyi. Using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA), local areas of form change due to growth within spider monkey crania are identified. We found substantial change local to the zygomatic region in the face, identified mediolaterally directed changes in the palate, detected relatively larger amounts of change local to the anterior neurocranium compared to the posterior neurocranium, and demonstrate a greater amount of basicranial growth along a mediolateral axis than previously reported. Cranial sexual dimorphism is also examined. A. geoffroyi is noted for being monomorphic, and we found a general similarity between male and female cranial forms at all developmental ages. However, differences in overall cranial size between the sexes were found in the oldest subadult age group but not between male and female adults. This difference suggests that A. geoffroyi females attain their adult cranial form slightly before males and implies a pattern of earlier onset of female maturity relative to males. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and immunological evaluation of a MUC1 glycopeptide incorporated into l-rhamnose displaying liposomes.

MUC1 variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) conjugated to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) have been shown to break self-tolerance in humanized MUC1 transgenic mice. Therefore, we hypothesize that a MUC1 VNTR TACA-conjugate can be successfully formulated into a liposome-based anticancer vaccine. The immunogenicity of the vaccine should be further augmented by incorporating surface-displayed l-rhamnose (Rha) epitopes onto the liposomes to take advantage of a natural antibody-dependent antigen uptake mechanism. To validate our hypothesis, we synthesized a 20-amino-acid MUC1 glycopeptide containing a GalNAc-O-Thr (Tn) TACA by SPPS and conjugated it to a functionalized Toll-like receptor ligand (TLRL). An l-Rha-cholesterol conjugate was prepared using tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEG) as a linker. The liposome-based anticancer vaccine was formulated by the extrusion method using TLRL-MUC1-Tn conjugate, Rha-TEG-cholesterol, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in a total lipid concen...