cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive Evaluation and Materials Characterization Using Photothermal-Optical-Beam-Deflection Imaging

Photothermal-optical-beam-deflection (PTOBD) imaging involves use of a focused, modulated laser beam to locally heat a sample and a second laser beam to probe the resulting changes in sample temperature. For opaque samples, the photothermal heating occurs essentially at the surface and temperature changes in the bulk occur via thermal diffusion to a depth below the surface of the order of a thermal-diffusion length, δ = (2K/PCω)½, where K is the thermal conductivity, p is the density, C is the specific heat, and ω is the modulation frequency. Since the limiting factor in definition/resolution is not the thermal diffusion length [1,2], features of the order of the heating-laser-beam diameter or smaller can be investigated, even at relatively low modulation frequencies. Lateral spatial resolution for subsurface features much closer to the surface than a diffusion length is independent of the diffusion length and is determined principally by the diameter of the heating beam, although the diameter of the probe beam can affect the resolution [1–4]. Generally, the limiting factors on spatial resolution in PTOBD imaging are the heating-beam diameter, the shape and depth of the subsurface feature being imaged, and the modulation frequency (to a lesser extent) [2,4]. This paper presents images of a number of important classes of materials with resolution less than 10 urn. Some contrast issues and underlying materials issues are discussed qualitatively.
Measuring the vulnerability of disadvantaged populations during hurricane evacuation

In this paper, the extent to which the potentially transit-dependent portion of the population is vulnerable to the effects of a hurricane is estimated. The vulnerability of an area is defined as a composite measure of the proportion of disadvantaged persons, distance to transit, and flooding potential of people within an area. Unlike past studies which have focused on the vulnerability of the population in relatively large geographic areas, this study estimates the vulnerability of the population in 30 m × 30 m areas as defined in the National Land Cover Database. Population estimates from the national census at block level are disaggregated to the 30 m × 30 m units using a modified dasymetric mapping method in ArcGIS. The modified mapping method assigns population to each small areal unit using weights estimated by regressing the area of each land use in a census block against the population in that block. The coefficients in the regression analysis are “weights” associating population with each land use, and are used to distribute the population in each census block to the small geographic units based on their land use. In a case study of New Orleans, the results show that some areas are not well served by the existing transit pickup locations, as evidenced by their high vulnerability scores. Reassignment of pickup point locations to cover higher vulnerability score areas was investigated using integer linear programming. The results show that the optimally located pickup points serve areas with a larger average vulnerability score than the current pickup points in the study area. The method appears to be helpful in identifying vulnerable areas that, subsequently, could receive improved hurricane evacuation service in the future.
Conserved Mechanism of Conformational Stability and Dynamics in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors involved in diverse biological functions. Despite the diversity in their amino acid sequences, class A GPCRs exhibit a conserved structural topology and possibly a common mechanism of receptor activation. To understand how this high sequence diversity translates to a conserved functional mechanism, we have compared the dynamic behavior of eight class A GPCRs comprised of six biogenic amine receptors, adenosine A2A, and the peptide receptor protease-activated receptor 1. Starting from the crystal structures of the inactive state of these receptors bound to inverse agonists or antagonists, we have performed multiple all-atom MD simulations adding up to several microseconds of simulation. We elucidated the similarities and differences in the dynamic behavior and the conformational ensembles sampled by these eight class A GPCRs. Among the six biogenic amine receptors studied here, β2-adrenergic receptor shows the highest level of fluctuation in t...
Management of Infection for the Obstetrician/Gynecologist

Pregnant women have an increased morbidity and mortality for certain illnesses owing to the physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy. Certain infections are common during pregnancy, including urinary tract infections and pneumonia. Others are uncommon, but yield increased severity, including influenza. Human immunodeficiency virus, although it does not increase in pathogenesis during pregnancy, requires specific attention and management in the context of pregnancy.
Relative power consumption at the electrode-retina interface during retinal stimulation with voltage versus current controlled stimulus pulses

The purpose of this study is to compare power consumed at the electrode-retina interface between rectangular current controlled and voltage controlled stimulus pulses.
Algorithm to prioritize the restoration of a multiple facility, multiple-hazard road network:

Transportation networks are one of several critical infrastructures on which first responders rely in order to deliver emergency services. However, there is no guarantee that a transportation netwo...
Abstract IA20: Phosphorylation of BRCA1 by CHK2 mediates resection activity and recruitment of BRCA2

There is genetic evidence that Chk2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are functioning in the same pathway of DNA repair, but the links between the proteins are poorly understood. We have previously shown that BRCA19s regulation of homologous recombination (HR) is dependent on Chk2-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 at serine 988 (BRCA1-S988). We also found that BRCA1 regulates BRCA2 recruitment in response to DNA damage, which is also dependent on the phosphorylation of BRCA1 at Serine-988. Furthermore, in HCT116/Chk2-/- cells and in MCF7 cells with depleted Chk2, the same effects on HR and BRCA2 recruitment has been found as found in cells expressing the BRCA1-S988A protein. However, in both cases, BRCA1 is recruited to chromatin and into nuclear foci, so the effect of Chk2 is not affecting the recruitment of BRCA1. BRCA1-S988A shows a defect in RPA phosphorylation in response to replication stress and DNA damage. After global DNA damage with X-rays, MRE11 foci form at double-strand breaks, and in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, an association with CTIP is observed transiently. In the presence of BRCA1-S988A, MRE11 co-localized with CTIP persists for much longer, and results in reduced single-stranded DNA bound by RPA. In response to a site-specific DSB induced by I-SceI nuclease, BRCA1-S988A can localize to the vicinity of the break, but not directly at the broken end, as observed by chromatin immuno-precipitation. A physical assay of resection, which distinguishes single-stranded DNA from double-stranded DNA by its susceptibility to restriction enzyme digestion, shows that BRCA1-S988A expressing cells have an initiation of resection, but a failure to extend resection up to 2 kb observed in wild-type cells. The recruitment of Exo1 is being investigated. Therefore, these results demonstrate that BRCA1-S988 plays key role in regulating the extent of resection, which in turn impedes the recruitment of BRCA2 to sites of resected DSB. Chk2 inhibition may exacerbate the defect in HR, particularly in cells with a partial or mild HR-deficiency, which is found quite commonly in human tumor cells, suggesting that combination of Chk2 and PARP inhibitors may be a useful combination DNA repair based therapy. Citation Format: Simon N. Powell. Phosphorylation of BRCA1 by CHK2 mediates resection activity and recruitment of BRCA2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Image aesthetics assessment using Deep Chatterjee's machine

Image aesthetics assessment has been challenging due to its subjective nature. Inspired by the Chatterjee's visual neuroscience model, we design Deep Chatterjee's Machine (DCM) tailored for this task. DCM first learns attributes through the parallel supervised pathways, on a variety of selected feature dimensions. A high-level synthesis network is trained to associate and transform those attributes into the overall aesthetics rating. We then extend DCM to predicting the distribution of human ratings, since aesthetics ratings are often subjective. We also highlight our first-of-its-kind study of label-preserving transformations in the context of aesthetics assessment, which leads to an effective data augmentation approach. Experimental results on the AVA dataset show that DCM gains significant performance improvement, compared to other state-of-the-art models.
Understanding policy problems: a refinement of past work

To better connect the concept of policy problems to policy solutions, this article builds on Guy Peters’ framework for identifying and applying ‘attributes’ of policy problems. It does so by applyi...
Jump Conditions for Second-Order Trajectory Sensitivities at Events

Trajectory sensitivity analysis has been widely used to analyze the dynamic behaviour of complex systems such as power system. It is common to use first-order sensitivities, which have been fully described for hybrid dynamical system. However, second-order trajectory sensitivities have only been analyzed for continuous systems. This paper derives the jump conditions describing the behaviour of second-order trajectory sensitivities at switching and reset events. This enables second-order sensitivity analysis of general hybrid dynamical systems. The jump conditions are illustrated using a simple power system example and the results are compared with first-order sensitivities. It is shown that incorporating second-order sensitivity increases the accuracy of trajectory approximation.
Recent Electroanalytical Studies in Molten Fluorides

We have been interested for some time (1–32) in the application of modern electroanalytical methods to the study of molten fluoride salt systems of interest to nuclear reactor technology. The development of in situ (in-line) monitoring techniques has been one of the main goals of this research. An obvious advantage of in-line monitoring is that it would provide immediate knowledge of the behavior of the reactor fuel and at the same time eliminate sampling and other time consuming procedures. Experience with this and other programs has generally demonstrated the value of in-line analysis, both in more economical analyses and, frequently, in more timely and meaningful results.
Runtime verification: a computer architecture perspective

A major challenge in hardware verification is managing the state explosion problem in pre-silicon verification. This is seen in the high cost and low coverage of simulation, and capacity limitations of formal verification. Runtime verification, through on-the-fly property checking of the current trace and a low-cost error recovery mechanism, provides us an alternative attack in dealing with this problem. There are several interesting examples of runtime verification that have been proposed in recent years in the computer architecture community. These have also been motivated by the resiliency needs of future technology generations in the face of dynamic errors due to device failures. I will first highlight the key ideas in hardware runtime verification through specific examples from the uni-processor and multi-processor contexts. Next, I will discuss the challenges in implementing some of these solutions. Finally I will discuss how the strengths of runtime verification and model checking can be used in a complementary fashion for hardware.
Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

An end-to-end suite of technologies has been established for the unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of health and activity changes occurring in the daily life of older adults over extended periods of time. The technology is aggregated into a system that incorporates the principles of being minimally obtrusive, while generating secure, privacy protected, continuous objective data in real-world (home-based) settings for months to years. The system includes passive infrared presence sensors placed throughout the home, door contact sensors installed on exterior doors, connected physiological monitoring devices (such as scales), medication boxes, and wearable actigraphs. Driving sensors are also installed in participants' cars and computer (PC, tablet or smartphone) use is tracked. Data is annotated via frequent online self-report options that provide vital information with regard to the data that is difficult to infer via sensors such as internal states (e.g., pain, mood, loneliness), as well as data referent to activity pattern interpretation (e.g., visitors, rearranged furniture). Algorithms have been developed using the data obtained to identify functional domains key to health or disease activity monitoring, including mobility (e.g., room transitions, steps, gait speed), physiologic function (e.g., weight, body mass index, pulse), sleep behaviors (e.g., sleep time, trips to the bathroom at night), medication adherence (e.g., missed doses), social engagement (e.g., time spent out of home, time couples spend together), and cognitive function (e.g., time on computer, mouse movements, characteristics of online form completion, driving ability). Change detection of these functions provides a sensitive marker for the application in health surveillance of acute illnesses (e.g., viral epidemic) to the early detection of prodromal dementia syndromes. The system is particularly suitable for monitoring the efficacy of clinical interventions in natural history studies of geriatric syndromes and in clinical trials.
DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SEGMENTATION, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING ACTIVITY USING STUDENT PERCEIVED LEARNING AND ACTUAL STUDENT LEARNING

An innovative segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) activity is described and evaluated using two learning outcomes: student perception of learning and actual student learning. The results...
Semi-analytical method for matrix diffusion in heterogeneous and fractured systems with parent-daughter reactions

Abstract A semi-analytical/numerical method for modeling matrix diffusion in heterogeneous and fractured groundwater systems is developed. This is a significant extension of the Falta and Wang (2017) method that only applied to diffusion in an aquitard of infinite thickness. The current solution allows for the low permeability matrix to be embedded within a numerical gridblock, having finite average thickness, a specified volume fraction and a specified interfacial area with the high permeability domain. The new formulation also allows for coupled parent-daughter decay reactions with multiple species that each have independent retardation factors , decay rates, and yield coefficients in both the high and low permeability parts of the system. The method uses a fitting function to approximate the transient concentration profile in the low permeability part of each gridblock so that the matrix diffusion flux into the high permeability part of the gridblock can be computed as a concentration dependent source-sink term. This approach is efficient because the only unknowns in each gridblock are the concentrations in the high permeability domain, so there is practically no increase in computational effort compared to a conventional transport simulation. The method is shown to compare favorably with an analytical solution for matrix diffusion in fractured media with parallel fractures, with an analytical solution for matrix diffusion with parent-daughter decay reactions, with laboratory experiments of matrix diffusion in a layered system, with a laboratory experiment involving lens shaped inclusions, and with fine grid numerical simulations of transport in highly heterogeneous systems.
Iliac conduits remain safe in complex endovascular aortic repair

Abstract Objective Iliac conduits (ICs) are used for challenging iliac access during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with contradictory reports of safety and increased surgical complications, morbidity, and mortality in national database reviews. The objective of this study was to examine outcomes related to IC placement before or concomitant with EVAR at a high-volume single center. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IC placement for endovascular aortic repair from 2006 to 2016 was conducted. Planned and unplanned, as well as staged and concomitant IC for EVAR, thoracic EVAR, and fenestrated/branched EVAR were included. Categorical factors were described using frequencies and percentages. Continuous measures were summarized in comparative tables. Comparisons between the planned and unplanned groups, concomitant and staged groups, and between those with and without a postoperative event were performed using Pearson χ2 tests, two-sample t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results A total of 137 patients underwent IC placement, of which 9 were bilateral procedures, for a total of 144 IC placements. IC placement was necessary in 14 EVARs (9.7%), 38 thoracic EVARs (26.4%), and 92 fenestrated/branched EVARs (63.9%). The 30-day related mortality was 2.1% (n = 3). Perioperative morbidities included return to the operating room in five patients (5.6%) for bleeding (n = 4) and graft thrombosis (n = 1), 4 myocardial infarctions (2.8%), 5 episodes of respiratory failure (3.5%), 12 wound complications (8.3%), and 7 renal injuries (4.9%), of which 3 had progression to dialysis (2.1%). Other complications included return to the operating room for endoleak reintervention (n = 3) and late graft infection (n = 1 [0.7%]). There were 112 ICs (77.8%) planned and 65 (45.1%) were staged. Staged ICs were less likely to have postoperative complications (P Conclusions ICs are a safe and viable option for high-risk patients with challenging iliac artery access for EVVAR. ICs are best performed in a planned fashion or in a staged manner, when feasible.
"Together Make a Visit; Together Make a Plan": Messaging to Adult Children with Concerns about a Parent's Memory Loss.

Using the integrative model (IM), we developed and tested messages to encourage adults to accompany their parent to a memory doctor for a cognitive evaluation. We conducted in-depth interviews (n =...
Comparing Self-Efficacy and Meta-Cognition as Indicators of Learning

We report the results of a pilot study that compared the computer self-efficacy construct with metacognition. While self-efficacy is primarily affective and refers to one’s beliefs about one’s ability to perform a task, metacognition is primarily cognitive and refers to one’s thoughts about one’s ability to perform a task. Given their similarity, both have been used as surrogate measures of knowledge or skill. We developed an instrument to measure both constructs and applied the instrument to a set of MIS students taking an Analysis and Design course. Factor analysis produced a five-factor model, with metacognition factoring out as a unidimensional scale. Implications for further research are discussed.
Implementation and Cryogenic Operation of FPGA Based n-bit Analog to Digital Converter

The need for data acquisition and controls operating at deep cryogenic temperatures has become pronounced with the large number of nuclear and high energy physics detectors that are currently running at cryogenic temperatures. At LBNL we have built a FPGA based n-bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for operation at deep cryogenic temperatures (4.2K). This novel device is currently under test and has been evaluated both at cryogenic and room temperatures. Both nuclear and high energy physics experiments running at cryogenic temperatures can greatly benefit from this new development.
Gauging Pre-Service Teachers’ Awareness of Dialectical Code Switching in Classroom Settings:

This study explored pre-service teachers’ knowledge and awareness of dialectical code switching in classroom settings. A Likert-type scale survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted as pa...
A method of nanoscale analysis of the initial stages of crystallization as applied to a FINEMET metallic glass

Abstract Simultaneous nanometer-scale spatial resolution and fractions of a second temporal resolution at controlled temperatures are desired to directly investigate the earliest stages of materials transformations. In this work, laser annealing of an amorphous Fe-Si-Nb-Cu-B alloy within an atom probe instrument is used to induce and subsequently probe in 3D the initial crystallization of an amorphous phase. Methods of estimating the laser-induced temperature profile, determining the cumulative annealing time, and measuring the resultant nanoscale crystallization are explored. These are verified through atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy measurements of laser pulsing conditions above and below the crystallization temperature of the alloy. Evaluation of the two-dimensional distribution of copper-rich cluster sizes and densities measured by atom probe tomography show good qualitative and, in some instances, quantiative agreement with Thermo-Calc modeling results. COMSOL models provide support for the claimed sub-second annealing time and the observed spatial variations in cluster sizes and densities induced by spatial variations in thermal history.
Sociodemographic correlates of occupational, recreational and firearm noise exposure among adults in the USA

ObjectiveTo determine sociodemographic factors associated with occupational, recreational and firearm-related noise exposure.MethodsThis nationally representative, multistage, stratified, cluster cross-sectional study sampled eligible National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 20–69 years (n = 4675) about exposure to occupational and recreational noise and recurrent firearm usage, using a weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty-four per cent of participants had exposure to occupational noise and 12 per cent to recreational noise, and 13 per cent repeatedly used firearms. Males were more likely than females to have exposure to all three noise types (adjusted odds ratio range = 2.63–14.09). Hispanics and Asians were less likely to have exposure to the three noise types than Whites. Blacks were less likely than Whites to have occupational and recurrent firearm noise exposure. Those with insurance were 26 per cent less likely to have exposure to occupational noise than those without insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95 per cent confidence interval = 0.60–0.93).ConclusionWhites, males and uninsured people are more likely to have exposure to potentially hazardous loud noise.
Hemodynamic Assessment and Pharmacologic Probes as Tools to Analyze Cardiovascular Reactivity

The blood pressure and heart rate responses to a laboratory task are most frequently used to assess an individual’s cardiovascular reactivity. Information from such observation is useful for general categorization and for the delineation of subgroups of hyper- and hyporesponders. Measurement of systemic and regional hemodynamics further complements reactivity studies by providing important information about qualitative differences which are not necessarily reflected in the overall magnitude of the blood pressure response. Hollenberg, Williams, and Adams (1981) engaged patients with borderline hypertension and normotensive control subjects in resolving Ravens progressive matrices. The blood pressure responses to this challenge were similar in both groups, but patients with borderline hypertension had a significant decrease of renal blood flow. This observation, that renal vasculature tends to overrespond to the mental stress, provided important inference as to how behavioral factors might lead to hypertension. As Light, Koepke, Obrist, and Willis (1983) suggest, mental stress might cause excessive salt retention in patients with borderline hypertension. It is not difficult to visualize how sodium retention might lead to hypertension. Another example of the differential behavior of local vasculature was provided by Mark, Lawton, and Abboud (1975). They observed that chronic salt loading does not alter the mean blood pressure in borderline hypertensive and normotensive subjects, but the forearm vascular resistance in normotensive individuals decreased whereas in patients with borderline hypertension it increased.
The dynamic type hierarchy theory of metaphor

In the first chapters of this book we discussed the status of metaphor in language, and covered some of the major theories of metaphor. We also considered various psychological experiments that have been conducted on idioms, metaphor and other forms of non-literal speech. We have seen that the reputation metaphor has been given, that of being linguistically deviant and emotive, is not justified either by our actual use of language or by the results of psychological studies. The fact is that metaphors abound in everyday language, learning and science, and their use is just as important to speech as literal expressions. This unflattering view of metaphor has a long history, but it has been strengthened most recently by a particular school in philosophy. The view of language and meaning generated by this school, known as ideal language philosophy, lingers on in many AI approaches to knowledge representation and natural language processing.
Less is More Expensive: Income Differences in Bulk Buying

Quantity discounts are an effective way for households to save money. I explore how large these quantity discounts are, how bulk buying differs by income, and how other factors affect the bulk buying decision. Using Nielsen’s granular store- and household-level data, I establish two empirical facts. First, quantity discounts are large for a wide range of products. Second, low-income households are less likely to buy in bulk than high-income households. I estimate that low-income households could reduce their grocery expenditures by 5%, saving an aggregate of $5.4 billion annually, if they bought in bulk to the same extent as high-income households. I augment Nielsen data with new data that I collected on state-level unit-price regulations and on warehouse club entry. I find that a combination of cognitive costs, store preferences, budget constraints,and storage costs discourage low-income households from realizing these savings. I then estimate a discrete choice model of household purchasing behavior to quantify how bulk buying changes when cognitive costs and storage costs are reduced. Counterfactual simulations show that mandating the display of unit prices, which has only been adopted by nine states, would reduce the difference in how often the highest- and lowest-income households buy in bulk by 26%.
Association of amyloid angiopathy with microbleeds in logopenic progressive aphasia: an imaging-pathology study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral microbleeds (MB) and superficial siderosis (SS) are frequent neuroimaging findings in patients with logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA), often with frontal lobe predilection. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is hypothesized to be the major pathologic determinant of MB/SS in these patients; however, neuroimaging-pathologic data are limited. METHODS All patients who had been prospectively recruited by the Neurodegenerative Research Group at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 2010 and 2015 and met the following inclusion criteria were included: (i) received an antemortem LPA diagnosis, (ii) had a gradient-recalled echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed, (iii) died and completed a brain autopsy. Demographic, genetic, neuroimaging, and clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between patients with/without MB/SS. Two-tailed Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for comparison of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria, six (46%) had MB/SS on MRI. Moderate/severe CAA was associated with the presence of MB/SS (p = 0.029). As expected, MB/SS most frequently involved the frontal lobes, followed by the parietal lobes. No clear associations were found between regional MB/SS distribution and regional distribution of CAA or hypometabolism on [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. There was some evidence for a regional association between MB/SS and uptake on Pittsburgh compound B, although not in all patients. No formal statistical analyses to assess topographic relationships were performed due to the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The presence of MB/SS is a strong indicator of underlying moderate/severe CAA in LPA, although the biological mechanisms underlying the topographic distribution of MB/SS remain unclear.
Summary and Discussion

Advances in digital signal processing and the invention of turbo codes open many new research topics in the magnetic recording channel design. This monograph reviewed encoding and decoding algorithms for turbo codes and LDPC codes, and proposed a simplified channel APP detector based on Decision Aided Equalization (DAE). The implementation of iterative detectors remains a significant challenge to the magnetic recording society and deserves further study. This chapter lists some possible future research topics.
Hereditary pancreatitis

Hereditary chronic pancreatitis (HCP) is a rare disease in which chronic pancreatitis develops in childhood. HCP has autosomal dominant inheritance with approximately 80% penetrance. Diagnostic criteria are not universally agreed upon but the EUROPAC trial defined it as two first-degree relatives or at least 3 second-degree relatives in two or more generations, with chronic pancreatitis for which there is no other etiology. The gene for HCP was originally identified on chromosome 7 and subsequently many other genes have been reported to be associated with HCP. To date, no single genetic alteration has been found that is necessary for the development of HCP. In a recent study, 81% of patients with HCP were found to have a mutation of the PRSS1 gene. Patients with HCP are at risk for developing exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and there is a 50-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer in HCP patients as compared with the general population.
Agent-based modeling and simulation in construction

Abstract Agent-based modeling (ABM) has gained popularity in construction research because of its unique system modeling features and recent advances in computing capabilities, leading to a significant growth in publication number on ABM construction research. To capture recent ABM development in construction research, this study conducts a three-step quantitative-qualitative review on 182 journal articles published between 2001 and 2020. Bibliometric and content analyses present metrics about publications, journals, and authors along with categorization of research studies. An integrated analysis combines the two preceding analyses to present an exhaustive discussion on research evolution and trends and identifies existing gaps and potential future research topics. The research can contribute to the body of knowledge from: 1) a theoretical perspective by further familiarizing researchers with ABM within the context of construction from a category-specific viewpoint; and 2) a practical perspective by reviewing industry-oriented studies and providing recommendations to raise their applicability in real construction.
Error modeling in the ACT-R production system

We describe how to extend the ACT-R production system to model human errors in the performance of a high-level cognitive task: to solve simple linear algebra problems while memorizing a digit span. Errors of omission are produced by introducing a cutoff on the latency of memory retrievals. If a memory chunk cannot gather enough activation to be retrieved before the threshold i s reached, retrieval fails. Adding Gaussian noise to chunk activation produces a pattern quantitatively similar to subject errors. Errors of commission are introduced by allowing imperfect matching in the condition side of productions. The wrong memory chunk can be retrieved if its activation is large enough to allow it to overcome the mismatch penalty. This mechanism provides a qualitative and quantitative fit to subject errors. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates that human-like errors, sometimes thought of as the exclusive domain of connectionist models, can be successfully duplicated in production system models.
Using water, bryophytes, and macroinvertebrates to assess trace element concentrations in the Upper Colorado River Basin

This study examined trace elements concentrations and macroinvertebrate community structure at 32 sites in 22 streams in Colorado. Sites affected by mining activities (mining sites) and sites that were minimally disturbed (nonmining sites) were selected for the assessment. Water and transplanted aquatic bryophyte samples were analyzed for trace elements. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected to assess the effects of trace elements on the aquatic community of the stream. All samples of aquatic bryophytes had detectable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Principal components analysis of chemical and physical properties classified sites into three groups. The first group represented sites that were unaffected to minimally affected by mining activities; the second group was characterized by sites with Cd, Pb and Zn predominant in the mineralogy; and the third group was characterized by sites with Cu predominant in the mineralogy. Six macroinvertebrate families were common in the study area. Median values of total abundance, taxa richness and mayfly and stonefly abundance were reduced at mining sites. Abundances of Heptageniidae, Chloroperlidae and Rhyacophila and Baetis sp. also were reduced at sites with elevated trace element concentrations. Tanytarsini chironomids were most abundant at reference and minimally-disturbed sites.
The Role of the Health Educator in Interdisciplinary Health Team Development: An Organizational Development Strategy

(1984). The Role of the Health Educator in Interdisciplinary Health Team Development: An Organizational Development Strategy. Health Education: Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 13-15.
Parental Etiological Explanations and Disproportionate Racial/Ethnic Representation in Special Education Services for Youths with Emotional Disturbance.

Although there has long been concern about underidentification or misidentification of children with emotional or behavioral disorders in special education, recent attention has also been focused o...
Viral Regulation of RANTES Expression during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Endothelial Cells

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) evades healthy immune responses during infection, and this evasion may allow HCMV to establish latency in the host. The human vasculature has been recognized as a site of HCMV infection and may also be a site of latent HCMV infection. As the interface between circulating cells and underlying parenchymal cells, the vascular endothelium provides signals for local reaction of inflammatory cells. We propose that HCMV down-regulates expression of the proinflammatory chemokine RANTES from the infected endothelium, which may result in reduced recruitment of mononuclear cells to the site of infection. Abortive HCMV infection of primary endothelial cells with the clinical isolate HCMV 4010, under conditions in which viral gene expression could not occur, induced high levels of RANTES expression. Replicative HCMV infection, however, induced cells in parallel cultures to express significantly lower levels of RANTES. Expression of the chemokines interleukin 8 and MCP-1 by endothelial cells was found to be unaffected by replicative HCMV infection and thus may not play an important role during early HCMV infection of the endothelium. HCMV may regulate RANTES expression from endothelial cells as a mechanism to evade the local immune response to infection.
Isolation and structural characterization of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene for cytochrome c6. Analysis of the kinetics and metal specificity of its copper-responsive expression.

Abstract We have isolated a 5-kilobase pair fragment of genomic DNA containing the entire coding region for the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene encoding the copper-repressible Cyt c6. A region comprising 2.6 kilobase pairs contains the entire transcribed region plus 852 nucleotides upstream of the Cyt c6 transcription start site and 495 nucleotides downstream of the conserved C. reinhardtii polyadenylation signal. Comparison of the genomic sequence with the cDNA sequence (Merchant, S., and Bogorad, L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9062-9067) revealed that the coding region is interrupted by two introns, each of which is flanked by C. reinhardtii consensus intron/exon boundaries. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses identified the 5' border of the Cyt c6 mRNA at approximately 79 base pairs upstream from the initiator methionine. Analysis of the 5' upstream region reveals no significant similarity to sequences found in upstream regions of other copper-regulated genes. Time-course studies indicate that 1) the mature Cyt c6 mRNA has a half-life of approximately 45-60 min and is completely lost within 4 h, and 2) the primary, unspliced transcript has a half-life of approximately 10 min and is completely lost within 30 min after the addition of copper ions to copper-depleted cells. These results indicate that the response to copper occurs very rapidly upon elevation of extracellular copper levels. Although this gene is unresponsive to silver ions in vivo, in contrast to the yeast copper-responsive CUP1 gene (Furst, P., Hu, S., Hackett, R., and Hamer, D. (1988) Cell 55, 705-717), it does respond to mercury ions, albeit with less sensitivity. Mercury ions cannot, however, substitute for copper in allowing the accumulation of plastocyanin in vivo.
Molecular Basis of Isolated Cardiac Conduction Disease

Cardiac conduction disorders are among the most common rhythm disturbances causing disability in millions of people worldwide and necessitating pacemaker implantation. Isolated cardiac conduction disease (ICCD) can affect various regions within the heart, and therefore the clinical features also vary from case to case. Typically, it is characterized by progressive alteration of cardiac conduction through the atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system, with right or left bundle branch block and QRS widening. In some instances, the disorder may progress to complete atrioventricular block, with syncope and even death. While the role of genetic factors in conduction disease has been suggested as early as the 1970s, it was only recently that specific genetic loci have been reported.Multiple mutations in the gene encoding for the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (SCN5A), which plays a fundamental role in the initiation, propagation, and maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm, have been linked to conduction disease, allowing for genotype-phenotype correlation. The electrophysiological characterization of heterologously expressed mutant Na+ channels has revealed gating defects that consistently lead to a loss of channel function. However, studies have also revealed significant overlap between aberrant rhythm phenotypes, and single mutations have been identified that evoke multiple distinct rhythm disorders with common gating lesions. These new insights highlight the complexities involved in linking single mutations, ion-channel behavior, and cardiac rhythm but suggest that interplay between multiple factors could underlie the manifestation of the disease phenotype.
Chapter Four Applications of radical cyclization reactions in total syntheses of naturally occurring indole alkaloids

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the recent accomplishments in the total syntheses of naturally occurring indole alkaloids where radical cyclization reactions have played a central role in the synthetic approach. It classifies these syntheses according to the size of the rings formed by radical cyclization—namely (a) Five-membered ring formation, (b) Six-membered ring formation, (c) Seven- and eight-membered ring formation, and (d) tandem cyclization. Most of the five-membered ring formations employing intramolecular radical cyclization proceed via the 5-exo-trig path. The few exceptions to Baldwin's rule occur when substrates possess structural moieties (such as an amide bond) that conformationally bias the substrates in favor of the 5-endo-trig mode. In contrast to the large body of data available on S-exo-trig cyclizations in indole alkaloid syntheses, there are relatively few examples of those using the 6-endo-trig cyclization. When a radical cyclization reaction involves the 5-hexenyl radical intermediate, the reaction proceeds preferentially in the 5 -exo-trig mode. However, when the 5-exo-trig mode of cyclization is stereoelectronically disfavored, the 6-endo-trig cyclization mode predominates. Generally, most radical cyclizations proceed kinetically in an exo fashion to provide the smaller of the two possible rings. Nonetheless, as an important exception, 7 -endo and 8 -endo cyclizations occur when the (conformationally restrained) intermediate radicals possess geometrical restrictions.
Host Restriction and Transduction in Rhizobium meliloti.

A host restriction difference exists between Rhizobium meliloti Rm41 and SU47 exists as indicated by the reduce plating efficiency of transducing phage ΦM12h1. Restriction can be attenuated by incubating cells at 42°C for 3 h; this procedure overcomes a block to transduction from SU47 to Rm41.
Termination of pregnancy.

A review of the techniques and side effects of terminating pregnancy is presented highlighting medical and surgical methods. The medical methods of interrupting pregnancy by use of abortifacients either those that destroy the embryo or placenta such as ionizing radiation antimitotics (demecolcine) and antimetabolites (aminopterin and 6-azauridine) or those that interfere with the maternal reaction to pregnancy such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (pargline hydrochloride or 5-hydroxytryptamine) acetylated diphenylalkenes and immunological methods are described. Criminal methods of abortion are briefly noted. Therapeutic surgical interruption can be either by dilatation and curettage before 12-16 weeks of pregnancy; hysterotomy; abortifacient pastes up to 5 months of pregnancy; intraamniotic injections of 20% saline 50% glucose or 40% formalin; and vacuum aspiration. Side effects of the procedure vary greatly with the duration of the pregnancy and the method used. There is a high mortality rate for criminally performed abortions. Morbidity levels also vary and may be ascribed to infection hemorrhage and perforation. There is little evidence of effect of pregnancy termination on subsequent pregnancies. The range of variation of views on the topic of psychiatric sequelae following abortion is great. However clandestine abortion is rarely a precipitating factor in psychiatric illness. There was a negative effect shown in 1/4 of the women refused an abortion in a follow-up study of 7-11 years duration. Every woman terminated must be offered a contraceptive device.
The Politics of Invisibility

Approximately one-fourth of Latino families in the United States live in poverty. Women in the Latino community have carried a great burden associated with such pervasive poverty and inequality, a burden that has placed them in economic margins compared to their other female counterparts. Yet, the lives and economic marginality of Latinas are generally unknown and unfamiliar to the populace and to legislators. This Article challenges the politics of invisibility grown from a lack of information and intentional distribution of misinformation. It sets forth goals of progressive policy and legislation with an anti-violence agenda, challenging policy makers to focus on women as autonomous human beings, respond to and reflect upon the experiences of Latinas and other women of color, address abuse by law enforcement officers, reevaluate our conceptualization of the domestic violence shelter system, and carefully craft legislative language to ensure that funds for legislative and policy initiatives reach the Latina community.
Orchestration of Dysregulated Epithelial Turnover by a Manipulative Pathogen

Summary Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. In order to survive and propagate under the harsh conditions of the gastric niche, this pathogen has evolved numerous means to interact with host epithelium. In this issue, Mimuro et al. shed light on mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori attenuates apoptosis in the gastric epithelium to facilitate its persistence within the human stomach.
A technique for staining extracted teeth: a research and teaching aid for bleaching

This study developed a technique for staining extracted teeth. Its value in research to compare of bleaching techniques and as an aid in teaching students bleaching techniques is discussed.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery.

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) has been employed in 70 renal arteries, utilizing the balloon angioplasty technique described by Gruntzig for peripheral vessels. The procedure has been employed both in patients with normal renal function and in selected patients with decreased renal function. The complication rate has been low (5.7%), and no patient has required operative intervention as a result of a complication sustained during PTRA. The early results of PTRA compare favorably to those achieved through operative revascularization. An assessment of the duration of PTRA’s effects must however, await the results of long-term follow-up.
Sensory maps in the claustrum of the cat

The claustrum is a telencephalic cell group (Fig. 1A, B) possessing widespread reciprocal connections with the neocortex. In this regard, it bears a unique and striking resemblance to the thalamus. We have now examined the anatomical ordering of pathways linking the claustrum with sensory areas of the cat neocortex and, in parallel electrophysiological experiments, have studied the functional organization of claustral sensory zones so identified. Our findings indicate that there are discrete visual and somatosensory subdivisions in the claustrum interconnected with the corresponding primary sensory areas of the neocortex and that the respective zones contain orderly retinotopic and somatotopic maps. A third claustral region receiving fibre projections from the auditory cortex in or near area Ep was found to contain neurones responsive to auditory stimulation. We conclude that loops connecting sensory areas of the neocortex with satellite zones in the claustrum contribute to the early processing of exteroceptive information by the forebrain.
Approach to the ED Patient with “Low-Risk” Chest Pain

Patients who present to the ED with chest pain (or its equivalent) but have no electrocardiographic changes or elevation in cardiac biomarkers after an appropriate interval can be considered low risk for acute coronary syndrome. Combined with a low demographic risk for coronary artery disease (eg, using Framingham criteria), such patients can be said to be "low risk" for a subsequent coronary event. Whether there is a role for further risk stratification with provocative testing and/or coronary imaging before discharge remains open to debate.