cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relative Weighting of Position and Velocity in Satisfaction

Satisfaction with a desired outcome depends both on its position (i.e., the actual value of the outcome) and on its velocity (i.e., the change in the value). In a questionnaire study, we investigated factors that influence the relative weighting of position and velocity in satisfaction and found that the relative weight of velocity loomed larger when the outcome was (a) framed in terms of change (rather than in terms of overall position), (b) related to consummatory (rather than instrumental) behaviors, or (c) internally (rather than externally) controlled. The findings suggest that the relative importance of position and velocity in satisfaction varies, depending on the condition and nature of the outcome.
Multilayered Josephson junction logic and memory devices

Flux quantum logic and memory circuits using superconducting Josephson tunnel junctions have high-speed switching times (approximately 1 ps), low power dissipation (< 1 (mu) W per circuit) and low levels of thermally induced electrical noise. Current designs of such circuits employ single trilayer junctions, which impose circuit size and logic threshold limitations. A new design component, the multilayered tunnel junction, consists of a vertically stacked array (a 1D superlattice) of Josephson tunnel junctions. The introduction of multilayered junctions into superconducting electronic circuitry offers a reduction in the current device size, fault tolerances, and new device applications. We present numerical simulations of simple circuits employing multilayered Josephson junctions as design components. Comparison with conventional single flux quantum circuitry is discussed. We also present preliminary measurements of multilayered Josephson junctions fabricated for use in flux quantum devices.
Extremes in Otolaryngology Resident Surgical Case Numbers

ObjectiveUnderstand (1) significance between minimum, mean, and maximum case numbers for otolaryngology resident surgical procedures; (2) weaknesses of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) resident case log system contributing to inaccurate data/case inflation; and (3) when excessive case load may transform education into service.Study DesignCross-sectional survey using a national database.SettingAcademic otolaryngology residency programs.Subjects/MethodsReview of otolaryngology resident national data reports from ACGME resident case log system performed from 2004 to 2010. Minimum, mean, standard deviation, and maximum values for total number of resident surgeon cases and for specific surgical procedures were compared. Case unbundling, resident data entry habits, and tracked vs untracked Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were reviewed.ResultsMean total number of resident surgeon cases remained constant (1699.5 ± 424.2 to 1772.2 ± 517). Minimum total number of cases ranged ...
Glial Control of Neuronal Activity

The concept that the activity of neurons is both passively and actively modified by the surrounding glial and other non-neuronal cells is found in this review to be supported, but not conclusively demonstrated, by recent and previously unreported experiments. The evidence makes such non-neuronal control seem highly likely in the vertebrate retina. In particular, the non-neuronal horizontal cells of the retina were found to sunumate, and apparently to transmit, changes in their membrane potentials (the L-response type of S-potential) over distances many times the span of a single such cell. Available evidence is consistent with the idea that these potential changes can affect the neuronal transmission of excitation from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells. This is proposed as the basis for a mechanism accounting for the low-luminance portion of light adaptation and for certain retinal functions of spatial summation and movement detection.
Beam-foil spectroscopy and new atomic structure theory with a survey of results since 1970

Abstract BFS has given stimulus to new developments in atomic structure theory and has provided tests of the new approaches. These and previous theoretical approaches to the prediction of allowed and forbidden transition probabilities are critically surveyed. Systematic calculations, based on accurate atomic structure theory including the correlation effects in both ground and excited states, are given for multiplet oscillator strengths for both low and high Z's for nearly all 2s22pn→2s2pn+1 transitions. These compare overall with BFS, Phase-shift, and Hanle experiments within 11%. New results and extension of this theory (NCMET by Sinanoǧlu) to M-shells (Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl,...) by Sinanoǧlu and Beck are compared with recent BFS experiments and examined. Predicted lifetimes suggesting BFS experiments on highly-stripped heavy ions in accelerators like SUPER-HILAC and tandems are given. Recent developments in theory and experiment on multiply-excited spectra are outlined. Lifetimes of metastable states in [C I], [O I], [O II], [N II], etc. are also presented.
Translational and Rotational Dynamics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspension

Near-infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy has been used to study simultaneously the translational and rotational diffusion of individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in aqueous suspension. Analysis of translational trajectories revealed diffusion coefficient values from approximately 0.3 to 6 μm2/s. The nanotube lengths deduced from these values ranged between ∼130 nm and 6 μm. From the minor bending motions observed in individual nanotubes several micrometers in length, we confirmed that the shorter SWCNTs of primary interest here can be considered to be rigid rods under normal conditions. Because the nanotubes act as highly rigid, photostable, steady, and anisotropic fluorophores, it was possible to monitor their rotational reorientations through fluctuations in emission intensity under linearly polarized excitation. The magnitudes of observed orientational fluctuations varied substantially among individual nanotubes. These magnitudes correlated strongly with translational dif...
Distributed policy specification and interpretation with classified advertisements

In a distributed system, the principle of separation of policy and mechanism provides the flexibility to revise policies without altering mechanisms and vice versa. This separation can be achieved by devising a language for specifying policy and an engine for interpreting policy. In the Condor [14] high throughput distributed system the ClassAd language [16] is used to specify resource selection policies and matchmaking algorithms are used to interpret that policy by matching jobs with available machines. We extend this framework to specify and interpret authorization policies using the SPKI/SDSI [6] public key infrastructure. SPKI/SDSI certificates are represented using the ClassAd language and certificate chain discovery is implemented using a modified matchmaking algorithm. This extension complements the resource selection policy capabilities of Condor with the authorization policy capabilities of SPKI/SDSI. Techniques for policy analysis in the context of resource selection and authorization are also presented.
Discomfort Glare in Lighted Streets

Glare which affects comfort or causes distraction is distinguished from glare which affects the ability to see. The results of an investigation to determine the factors which cause discomfort glare...
Peer review Toward improving the integrity of the process

Peer review, that maze through which medical manuscripts pass and are ultimately accepted for publication or rejected, is a complicated and flawed process, poorly understood by many in the medical field. There are published data showing much of which has been published in the past is untrue.1 Gradually, perhaps glacially, the process has been evolving in a favorable manner but much remains to be done to ensure that what enters the medical literature is correct. Understanding the peer review process is crucial to critically examining the literature and utilizing it appropriately. Ten years ago, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors announced that participating journals would only publish randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had been prospectively registered in approved clinical trial registries (such as Clinicaltrials.gov).2 The purpose was to help eliminate publication bias, which can occur by selective reporting of trial results, nonpublication of trial results, and suppression of negative results. Registering a clinical trial before the enrollment of any participants and declaring prespecified endpoints before initiating the trial can be effective in mitigating such bias.
Who's afraid of coordinate systems? An essay on representation of spacetime structure

Coordinate-based approaches to physical theories remain standard in mainstream physics but are largely eschewed in foundational discussion in favour of coordinate-free differential-geometric approaches. I defend the conceptual and mathematical legitimacy of the coordinate-based approach for foundational work. In doing so, I provide an account of the Kleinian conception of geometry as a theory of invariance under symmetry groups; I argue that this conception continues to play a very substantial role in contemporary mathematical physics and indeed that supposedly ``coordinate-free'' differential geometry relies centrally on this conception of geometry. I discuss some foundational and pedagogical advantages of the coordinate-based formulation and briefly connect it to some remarks of Norton on the historical development of geometry in physics during the establishment of the general theory of relativity.
Aggregation in Blattaria

When given a choice between contaminated vs. uncontaminated paper, young nymphs of several species of cockroaches will aggregate on paper contaminated by own or another species. In a few instances a species (e.g., Blattella germanica [L.]) may be repelled the fouling of another species ( Sytnploce capitata [Saussure] and Diploptera punctata [Eschscholtz]). Usually a species can discriminate between and prefers own fecal contamination to that of others. One cannot assume that all species of cockroaches produce a fecal aggregation pheromone simply because other species collect on paper contaminated by them. When the nymphs of 2 different species were tested in 32 combinations in a chamber with 8 shelters, 17 combinations segregated, 10 were more or less indifferent to one another, and 5 integrated (mixed). Mixing of 2 species occurred mainly within the Blaberinae and Oxyhaloinae, but 7 of the 9 species tested belonged to these 2 subfamilies.
Plasma Levels and Association of Cardiac Interstitial Components in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective To observe the plasma levels of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP 12 the procollagen type ⅠⅢ the angiotensinAng Ⅱand the aldosteroneALD in patients with chronic heart failure CHF. To investigate the correlative effect among these components. Methods Eighty six CHF patients and 60 healthy controls were involved in this study. Serum MMP1 MMP2 were measured by ELISA. PⅠNP PⅢNP AngⅡand ALD were analyzed by RIA. Results 1The plasma levels of MMP1 PⅠNP PⅢNP AngⅡ and ALD in patients with CHF were higher than those in controls P 0.01. 2There were positive correlation between MMP1and MMP2 PⅠNP and PⅢNP Ang Ⅱand ALD PⅢNP and AngⅡP 0.05. Conclusion Plasma levels of MMP1 PⅠNP PⅢNP Ang Ⅱ and ALD were elevated in patients with CHF. There were some correlative effects among these components.
Detection of treated water by reverse osmosis method for seawater desalination in Shengsi island from 2007 to 2008

Objective:To find out the potential risks to the crowds drinking treated water by reverse osmosis method for seawater desalination in long term,and to provide counter measure and foundation for the relevant hygienic standard.Methods:In accordance with the requirement of standard examination methods for drinking water(GB5750-2006),treated water samples have been detected four times in different seasons from seawater deslaination plant in Shengsi islands in 2007~2008.Results:The sensory characteristic indicator of treated water was basically in the line of Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),chemical index shew that the problem of high permeability in highly saliferous seawater has been effectively solved,the indicators of potassium,sodium,total hardness,total dissolved solids,chlorid,sulphate etc.,were reduced to standard level,but the universal phenomenon for out of limits of boron and the typical soften water were always existed.Conclution:It is worthwhile to investigate furthmore the potential risks to human body for drinking treated water by in long term in Shengsi islands.
Study on the Level of Health Knowledge and Related Influencing Factors Among Residents of Chaoyang District,Beijing City

Objective To investigate the level of health knowledge and related influencing factors among the residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,and to provide a scientific basis for developing strategies and intervention measures.Methods Using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling,1,800 residents aged between 18 and 79 years selected from 6 streets were investigated with the questionnaire about health knowledge.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the level of health knowledge and analyze its influencing factors.Results The scores of 5 aspects of health knowledge,including healthy lifestyles,safety and first aid,basic medical care and health care,chronic non-communicable diseases prevention,infectious diseases and endemic diseases prevention,among the residents of Chaoyang District were as follows:(69.84±12.96),(80.99±14.56),(75.64±11.81),(66.54±15.30),and(72.37±13.79),respectively.And the total score of health knowledge was(73.39±9.49).The results of multivariate analysis showed that sex,age and educational background were the factors influencing the scores of health knowledge,and educational background was the main impact factor.Conclusions It is necessary to conduct targeted health education according to the level of health knowledge in the residents with different characteristics.
“Free” oxide ions in silicate melts: Thermodynamic considerations and probable effects of temperature

Abstract Reactions of simple metal oxides with silica often describe the melt solution in terms of equilibria among three energetically distinct oxygen ion species: bridging oxygens connecting two network cations, non-bridging oxygens shared by one network cation and multiple modifier cations of lower charge and larger radius, and “free” oxide ion bonded only to modifiers. Interest in the role and concentration of “free” oxide ions has recently been renewed by spectroscopic studies that have directly determined its abundance in a few glassy and amorphous silicates with low silica contents and high cation field strengths, as well as being inferred to be present by less direct measurements of bridging/non-bridging oxygen ratios in more silica-rich compositions. Here we review and evaluate recent evidence on “free” oxide concentrations in silicate glasses and melts, and discuss the important clues about effects of composition that come from comparisons of heats of formation of silicates and measurements of oxide component activities: relative proportions of oxygen species are expected to depend strongly on the charge and size of the modifier cation and its degree of covalent/ionic bonding. We also present simple thermodynamic approximations that allow temperature effects on “free” oxide concentrations to be estimated. In most compositions, this relative high energy species is expected to become more abundant at high temperatures, and may reach quite significant concentrations (> 10% of total oxygens?) in hot, ultramafic, Mg- and Fe-rich melts in nature. In contrast, in most common, glass-forming compositions the concentrations of “free” oxide ion are probably much lower, particularly on cooling to glass transition temperatures, but this species has been suggested to potentially have an important role in melt dynamics even at low abundances. In any case, further experimental determinations, and theoretical evaluations, of this somewhat elusive and controversial species are well warranted.
Veneration and Violence

T he seeds of my ongoing engagements with matters of cultural production and social change are rooted in my growing-up years, experiencing violence and Catholicism in a Mexican American family. My father was the son of Mexican immigrants who had come to the United States to work in agriculture as field laborers and stayed to better their family’s future. My mother was the daughter of poor whites who had moved into the heart of the California desert, living the hardscrabble life of those who had migrated west during the dustbowl era. Neither ever spoke in detail about their family histories. Both turned to the church to guide and direct them through their frustrations and struggles. Economic pressures always took center stage and were made to stand in for other tensions that merged together and exploded.
Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Is Required for Retinal Ganglion Cell and Photoreceptor Differentiation

Purpose We have previously demonstrated that soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is necessary for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axon growth. Here, we further investigate the role of sAC in neuronal differentiation during retinal development. Methods Chx10 or Math5 promoter-driven Cre-Lox recombination were used to conditionally delete sAC from early and intermediate retinal progenitor cells during retinal development. We examined cell type-specific markers expressed by retinal cells to estimate their relative numbers and characterize retinal laminar morphology by immunofluorescence in adult and newborn mice. Results Retinal ganglion cell and amacrine cell markers were significantly lower in the retinas of adult Math5cre/sACfl/fl and Chx10cre/sACfl/fl mice than in those of wild-type controls. The effect on RGC development was detectable as early as postnatal day 1 and deleting sAC in either Math5- or Chx10-expressing retinal progenitor cells also reduced nerve fiber layer thickness into adulthood. The thickness of the photoreceptor layer was slightly but statistically significantly decreased in both the newborn Chx10cre/sACfl/fl and Math5cre/sACfl/fl mice, but this reduction and abnormal morphology persisted in the adults in only the Chx10cre/sACfl/fl mice. Conclusions sAC plays an important role in the early retinal development of RGCs as well as in the development of amacrine cells and to a lesser degree photoreceptors.
Is There An Industry Effect in Executive Compensation? Evidence from Aerospace/Defense and Leisure/Hospitality Industry

The objective of this study is to compare the executive compensation of two industries that are diametrically opposites in terms of dependence on government: The Aerospace/Defense industry versus Leisure/Hospitality industry. The financial crisis brought the issue of the executive compensation to the attention of government. Congress has often tried to control executive compensation through mandated public disclosures of private contracts, restrictive tax policy, and direct interference with corporate governance. Recent studies show a reduction in donations to nonprofits subsequent to disclosure of high executive compensation. In the same light, since governments are the primary customers of defense industry, we suspect that the issue of high levels of executive compensation will factor into contract negotiations. The study finds a negative relationship, albeit weak, between the Aerospace/Defense industry variable and executive compensation as compared to the Leisure/Hospitality industry.
Biological therapy for non-obstructive azoospermia.

Introduction: Most male patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have no therapeutic options outside of assisted reproductive techniques to conceive a biological child. If mature sperm canno...
Optimization of Energy Combination for Gold-Based Contrast Agents Below ${K}$ -Edges in Dual-Energy Micro-CT

Dual-energy microcomputed tomography provides high resolution noninvasive images at low cost. It can determine the concentrations of component materials in a mixture. Taking the advantages of ${K}$ -edge, the gold-based agents contribute to improve the contrast of some physiological tissues with low natural contrast. Because the ${K}$ -edge of gold (80.7 kVp) is excessively high, the anatomical structures could not be identified clearly in in vivo small animal experiments. In this paper, the energy combination below ${K}$ -edge is optimized to differentiate bone, soft tissue, and gold. Furthermore, we evaluate the effects of concentration of contrast agents, the extrinsic filtration setting, and dose level. Based on the quantitative analysis results of material decomposition, the optimized energy pair gathered in a certain range where the low-energy is 30–40 kVp. Our results can provide a practical guidance for the design of in vivo small animal experiments using gold-based contrast agents.
Racial Conflict in Prison

Events taking place in society permeate inmate social systems. Nowhere is this more evident than in the area of race relations where the conflicts between racial groups in society also exist behind prison walls. Correctional administrators historically segregated inmates according to race, but inmates also preferred to remain separate from one another. The civil rights movement had a major influence on race relations and the prison environment. Racial tensions in society escalated as black Americans pushed for equality and an end to racial discrimination. Black inmates have always been part of more solidified groups compared to their white counterparts, due largely in part to their ideologies and efforts to maintain a unique cultural identity. The ideological perspectives adhered to by black inmates shape their attitudes and behaviors in prison. Despite court rulings limiting the use of segregation to further security goals in prison, inmates continue to voluntarily segregate themselves from one another. Keywords: inmate segregation; prison violence; racial conflict
Cyclic imides. 16. Hydroxy and methoxy derivatives of aminophthalimide and phthalhydrazide

Treatment of N-alkyl derivatives of 3,6-dichlorophthalimide and 4,5-dichlorophthalimide with potassium nitrite gave 3-hydroxy-6-nitro- and 4-hydroxy-5-nitrophthalimides. The potassium salts of these phenols were alkylated by dialkyl sulfates. The products were reduced to the 3-amino-6-alkoxy- and 4-amino-5-alkoxyphthalimides, and the fluorescence emission spectra of these products were measured. Hydrazinolysis of the phthalimides in a toluene medium gave phthalhydrazides. The luminescence spectra of several aminophthalhydrazides were measured. The infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectra of these and of some nitrophthalhydrazides were measured and aspects of these spectra characteristic of phthalhydrazides were identified.
Guideline-Based Referral for Septal Reduction Therapy in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Is Associated With Excellent Clinical Outcomes.

Background: The outcome of medically refractory patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association consensus gu...
The Power of Negativity: a Theory of Abstract Entities

In this paper, I articulate and solve a puzzle originally presented by Gideon Rosen. The puzzle challenges us to produce a causal criterion that distinguishes concrete objects from abstract objects, even though it seems like abstract objects are constituents of events that enter into causal relations. My solution is to identify concrete objects with objects that have dispositions to manifest causal powers.
Distinct roles for motor cortical and thalamic inputs to striatum during motor learning and execution

Abstract The acquisition and execution of learned motor sequences are mediated by a distributed motor network, spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog in this network, yet how its two main inputs, from motor cortex and thalamus respectively, contribute to its role in motor learning and execution remains largely unknown. To address this, we trained rats in a task that produces highly stereotyped and idiosyncratic motor sequences. We found that motor cortical input to the sensorimotor striatum is critical for the learning process, but after the behaviors were consolidated, this corticostriatal pathway became dispensable. Functional silencing of striatal-projecting thalamic neurons, however, disrupted the execution of the learned motor sequences, causing rats to revert to behaviors produced early in learning and preventing them from re-learning the task. These results show that the sensorimotor striatum is a conduit through which motor cortical inputs can drive experience-dependent changes in subcortical motor circuits, likely at thalamostriatal synapses.
Sensor-Based User Authentication

We study the feasibility of leveraging the sensors embedded on mobile devices to enable a user authentication mechanism that is easy for users to perform, but hard for attackers to bypass. The proposed approach lies on the fact that users perform gestures in a unique way that depends on how they hold the phone, and on their hand’s geometry, size, and flexibility. Based on this observation, we introduce two new unlock gestures that have been designed to enable the phone’s embedded sensors to properly capture the geometry and biokinetics of the user’s hand during the gesture. The touch sensor extracts the geometry and timing of the user hand, while the accelerometer and gyro sensors record the displacement and rotation of the mobile device during the gesture. When combined, a sensor fingerprint for the user is generated. In this approach, potential attackers need to simultaneously reproduce the touch, accelerometer, and gyro sensor signatures to falsely authenticate. Using 5000 gestures recorded over two user studies involving a total of 70 subjects, our results indicate that sensor fingerprints can accurately differentiate users while achieving less than 2.5% false accept and false reject rates. Attackers that directly observe the true user authenticating on a device, can successfully bypass authentication only 3% of the time.
A systematic optimization technique for the coefficient of thermal expansion of Portland cement concrete

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete is one of the important concrete properties that is responsible for the deterioration of concrete pavements and structures. A significant savings in repair and rehabilitation cost can be achieved by optimizing the CTE of concrete according to the need of the concrete pavements and structures. CTE reduction also improves the durability and longevity. CTE of concrete is dependent on the CTE of its constituents. Replacing high-CTE aggregates with low-CTE aggregates can significantly reduce the CTE of overall concrete. In addition, concrete CTE can be reduced by reducing the cement paste volume. This study presented systematic guideline to select the concrete constituents to achieve a target CTE.
The capacity to designate a surrogate is distinct from decisional capacity: normative and empirical considerations.

The capacity to designate a surrogate (CDS) is not simply another kind of medical decision-making capacity (DMC). A patient with DMC can express a preference, understand information relevant to that choice, appreciate the significance of that information for their clinical condition, and reason about their choice in light of their goals and values. In contrast, a patient can possess the CDS even if they cannot appreciate their condition or reason about the relative risks and benefits of their options. Patients who lack DMC for many or most kinds of medical choices may nonetheless possess the CDS, particularly since the complex means-ends reasoning required by DMC is one of the first capacities to be lost in progressive cognitive diseases (eg, Alzheimer’s disease). That is, patients with significant cognitive decline or mental illness may still understand what a surrogate does, express a preference about a potential surrogate, and be able to provide some kind of justification for that selection. Moreover, there are many legitimate and relevant rationales for surrogate selection that are inconsistent with the reasoning criterion of DMC. Unfortunately, many patients are prevented from designating a surrogate if they are judged to lack DMC. When such patients possess the CDS, this practice is ethically wrong, legally dubious and imposes avoidable burdens on healthcare institutions.
Credit Insurance, Bailout and Systemic Risk

This paper studies the impact of expectation of bailout of a credit insurance firm on the investment strategies of the counterparty banks. If the failure of credit insurance firm may result in the bankruptcy of its counterparty banks, then the regulator will be forced to bail it out. This imperfectly targeted time inconsistent policy incentivizes the banks to make correlated investments ex ante. All banks want their assets to fail exactly at the time when the bailout is occurring to indirectly benefit from the bailout of the insurance firm and hence they make correlated investments. I build a model in which correlated investment by banks, under priced insurance contracts and a systemically important insurance firm arise endogenously and show that while credit insurance helps in risk sharing during good times, it can also create systemic risk. I also show that putting a limit on size of insurance firm can mitigate this problem.
Deep Learning Approach for Chemistry and Processing History Prediction from Materials Microstructure: Application to Spinodal Decomposition

Finding the chemical composition and processing history from a microstructure morphology for heterogeneous materials is desired in many applications. While the simulation methods based on physical concepts such as the phase-field method can predict the spatio-temporal evolution of the materials’ microstructure, they are not efficient techniques for predicting processing and chemistry if a specific morphology is desired. In this study, we propose a framework based on a deep learning approach that enables us to predict the chemistry and processing history just by reading the morphological distribution of one element. As a case study, we used a dataset from spinodal decomposition simulation of Fe-Cr-Co alloy created by the phase-field method. The mixed dataset, which includes both images, i.e., the morphology of Fe distribution, and continuous data, i.e., the Fe minimum and maximum concentration in the microstructures, are used as input data, and the spinodal temperature and initial chemical composition are utilized as the output data to train the proposed deep neural network. The proposed convolutional layers were compared with pretrained EfficientNet convolutional layers as transfer learning in microstructure feature extraction. The results show that the trained shallow network is effective for chemistry prediction. However, accurate prediction of processing temperature requires more complex feature extraction from the morphology of the microstructure. We benchmarked the model predictive accuracy for real alloy systems with a Fe-Cr-Co transmission electron microscopy micrograph. The predicted chemistry and heat treatment temperature were in good agreement with the ground truth.
Back to Basics: Developmental Catalysts of Quality Improvement in Early Education and Care:

Children’s experiences in early education programs can have a profound influence on their cognitive, social, and emotional development. In these settings, interactions with educators serve as catal...
Fat Man at the Margin: The Poetry of Richard Hugo

Richard Hugo's poems are infused with an essential strangeness that is both immediate and pervasive, the first and last qualities in all the landscapes where things happen to him. It is comforting to say that Hugo is a regional poet, a celebrator of place who stares out at the Pacific Northwest; but its glance meets his stare as a lighthouse beacon hits the eye of a beguiled fish. Furthermore, the region in which he is located is as much within him as without, and most often in both places at once. The landscape where things happen to Hugo goes as far into his mind as it goes outside of it, and the landscape inside has a relationship with the one outside which words like contiguity and continuity, separately or together, cannot exhaust. In part the poetry?like that of Stevens or William Staf ford?is about the meeting of these landscapes. Thus, if we want to call Hugo a regional poet we have to extend the region he encompasses to include the mind which makes the poems out of those meetings. He and his mind move out from the beaches of the Olympic Peninsula to the house of a just-dead drunk, deep into Italy and out to Montana ranches, into places that are no longer here and others that ought never to have been anywhere. Wherever it goes, this mind is never entirely surprised. Perhaps that means that the strangeness too is as much within him as without, that the confrontations of landscapes are really shocks of recognition. There is, after all, that within himself which can seem as dark as the darkest waters. But Hugo is never that easy a poet. An immense compassion links him to all other men without making him one of them, while his awareness of men as natural objects is wildly overweighed by his sense of them as men. Shocks of recognition are surely there, but his inner landscape is still the mind of a man and not a fish, its strangeness a human strangeness, and his ability to recognize likeness is the property of an isolated but percipient intelligence which watches those like itself at war with each other and with their surroundings. This intelligence can entice more out of some surroundings than it can out of others, which is not to say that Hugo is limited (the Italian poems show that he is not) but that what he sees is usually seen most clearly in certain conditions. On the whole his is not a citified intelligence: in the city, he has said, it is difficult
Towards a national healthcare information infrastructure

Many countries around the world have placed an increased focus on the need to modernize their healthcare information infrastructure. This is particularly challenging in the United States. The U.S. healthcare industry is by far the largest in the world in both absolute dollars and in percentage of GDP (>$1.7T – 15% of GDP). It is also quite fragmented and complex. This complexity, coupled with an antiquated infrastructure for the collection of and access to medical data, leads to enormous inefficiencies and sources of error. Driven by consumer, regulatory, and governmental pressure, there is a growing consensus that the time has come to modernize the US Healthcare Information Infrastructure (HII). A modern HII will provide care givers with better and timelier access to data. The launch of a National Health Infrastructure Initiative (NHII) in the US in May 2004 – with the goal of providing an electronic health record for every American within the next decade- will eventually transform the healthcare industry in general...just as I/T has transformed other industries in the past. While such transformation may be disruptive in the short term, it will in the future significantly improve the quality, efficiency, and successful delivery of healthcare while decreasing costs to patients and payers and improving the overall experiences of consumers and providers. The key to this successful outcome will be based on the way we apply I/T to healthcare data and to the services delivered through that I/T. This must be accomplished in a way that protects individuals, allows competition, but gives caregivers reliable and efficient access to the data required to treat patients and to improve the practice of medical science.
Modeling the DOCSIS 1.1/2.0 MAC protocol

A model of the data over cable (DOCSIS) version 1.1/2.0 MAC and physical layers using the ns simulation package is developed. In this paper we present the results of a performance analysis that we have conducted using the model. The main objective of our study is to examine the performance impact of several key MAC layer system parameters as traffic loads are varied. We focus on the DOCSIS best effort service. We measure the level of ACK compression experienced by a downstream TCP connection and show that even under moderate load levels DOCSIS can cause TCP acknowledgement packets to compress in the upstream direction leading to bursty (and lossy) downstream dynamics. We explore the use of downstream rate control on network performance and find that it does reduce the level of ACK compression for moderate load levels compared to an equivalent network scenario without rate control. However, as the number of active subscribers on a given channel increase, the level of ACK compression grows implying that other mechanisms should be looked at to improve performance during periods of high usage.
Abstract W MP32: Localized Increase of Chemokines in the Lumen of Human Cerebral Aneurysms

Introduction: Inflammation may play an important role in the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Chemokines act as chemoattractants for leukocytes directing them toward sites of tissue inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chemokines and chemoattractant cytokines were increased in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms. Methods: The concentrations of chemokines and other inflammatory molecules in blood samples drawn from the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms of 16 consecutive patients (harboring 18 aneurysms) were compared with blood samples from femoral arteries of the same patients. Specifically, the concentrations of the following molecules were determined: RANTES, monokine-induced-by-gamma-interferon (MIG), interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), eotaxin, interleukin (IL) 1-beta, IL 1 Receptor Antagonist, IL2, IL2 Receptor, IL4, IL5, IL6, I7, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL13, IL15, IL17, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, epidermal g...
Heterosexual Dating Discourses Among College Students: Is There Still a Double Standard?

ABSTRACT We investigated the extent to which contemporary dating practices are characterized by traditional sexual scripts, such as the double standard, and emerging scripts of female sexual desire and male sexual integrity. One hundred sixty-two upper-division college students responded to measures about dating under two instructional conditions, one describing their dating experiences and the second their dating preferences. Both traditional and emerging scripts portrayed participants experiences and preferences, with the expression of sexual desire perceived as positive for both sexes. However, according to respondents, sex does not dominate their dating relationships. Men were not as likely as women to perceive the traditional double standard to be normative. Findings are discussed in terms of current norms for heterosexual dating as they pertain to psychoeducational programming on college campuses, as well as to psychotherapy with college students.
Stereoisomeric Provitamins A

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on stereoisomeric provitamins A. The provitamins A belong to the carotene-like polyene pigments, the so-called carotenoids. The four provitamins A which are practically most important are the three C 40 H 56 -hydrocarbons, α-, β-, and γ-carotene, and a monohydroxy-β-carotene, termed cryptoxanthin, C 40 H 55 .OH. The β-carotene molecule contains 11 conjugated double bonds. The two terminal double bonds are not subject to spatial changes because they are located in rings. The other double bonds are all in trans configuration in naturally occurring β-carotene. Of these, four double bonds are sterically hindered from rotating into cis position, namely, those of which one carbon atom is adjacent to a C–CH 3 group, because the relatively voluminous methyl involves a spatial conflict with a hydrogen atom. Consequently, of the 11 double bonds, only five are “sterically effective,” viz., those numbered in the β-carotene formula. Most fresh plant extracts contain each of the provitamin A molecules in all-trans configuration. In this chapter, methods of bioassays are discussed. Results of bioassays are presented. The quantitative data available in each of the four stereoisomeric provitamin A sets are analyzed.
Subcellular sorting of isoactins: Selective association of γ actin with skeletal muscle mitochondria

Abstract We describe two subpopulations of actin antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography from a polyclonal antibody to chicken gizzard actin. One subpopulation recognizes γ actins from smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells, but does not recognize α actin from skeletal muscle. The other subpopulation recognizes determinants that are common to a actin from skeletal muscle and the two γ actin isotypes. Neither antibody recognizes cytoplasmic β actin. Both antibodies recognize only actins or molecules with determinants that are also present in actins. By immunofluorescence we found that the anti-γ actin colocalizes with mitochondria in fibers of mouse diaphragm, and that it does not bind detectably to the I bands of sarcomeres. The antibody that recognizes both α and γ actins stains I bands intensely, as expected. We interpret these observations as preliminary evidence for selective association of γ actin with skeletal muscle mitochondria and, more broadly, as evidence for subcellular sorting of isoactins.
Angular distributions of total LMM Auger electron yields produced by energetic He + ions in Ar, Cl, and S

Angular distributions from 45[degree] to 135[degree] in 15[degree] intervals of [ital LMM] Auger electrons produced by 1.2-MeV and 1.8-MeV He[sup +]-ion bombardment of argon, methyl chloride (CH[sub 3]Cl), and hydrogen sulfide (H[sub 2]S) have been measured. The [ital LMM] total Auger yields were measured at 1.8-eV resolution with an experimental probable error not exceeding 9%. The results revealed that the angular distributions of the [ital LMM] total Auger yields of Ar, Cl, and S were isotropic at these bombarding energies.
Uptake and effects of copper and cadmium in the gonad of the scallop Placopecten magellanicus: concurrent metal exposure

Sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in early gametogenesis from the southern shelf of Hudson Canyon, New Jersey, USA, were exposed in late winter 1984 to sublethal levels of Cu and Cd in a flowing seawater system at the NMFS Milford Laboratory. Exposure was to copper (10 and 20 μgl-1: low-Cu and high-Cu groups) or to a combination of copper and equimolar cadmium (10μg Cu+17.7 μg Cdl-1: low-Cu/Cd group) for eight weeks, with sampling at 2-wk intervals. Copper had a strongly inhibitory effect on gamete production and maturation, which in some respects was partially moderated in the presence of cadmium in the female gonad only. Total gamete weight per scallop doubled in control individuals but dropped by 60% in both high-metal exposure groups over the 8-wk exposure period, with a smaller, temporary decrease in the low-Cu group. Cadmium did not add to the inhibition by copper of gamete development in the low-Cu/Cd group, but there was no partial recovery at 8 wk, as was seen in female scallops exposed to low-Cu alone. Gonadal RNA, higher in the females, decreased proportionately more in that sex than in the males of the metal exposure groups. Conversely, DNA levels were higher in the male than in the female gonad, and decreased sharply in all metal-exposed males. Gonadal protein concentration also dropped in all metal-exposed scallops with time and degree of metal exposure. Copper uptake in the gonad increased with time and metal exposure concentration, and cadmium increased in the low-Cu/Cd group with time. In contrast, manganese decreased significantly in the gonads of Cu-exposed scallops, especially in the high-Cu group. In the low-Cu/Cd group, manganese concentrations stabilized after an initial sharp drop at 2 wk in the low-Cu/Cd group, then rose at 6 and 8 wk. We ascribe this phenomenon to the induction by cadmium of metal-binding proteins (Fowler and Megginson 1986). In both sexes, gonadal magnesium concentrations did not change with increasing tissue burdens of copper and cadmium, but instead rose initially in proportion to the degree of metal exposure, homeostasis being maintained thereafter.
Library Staff Recognition Awards

In an attempt to recognize staff excellence and retain staff during a pay equity phase‐in period, Southern Methodist University Libraries has created five “Library Staff Recognition Awards:” Continuing Excellence, Outstanding Achievement, Employee of the Year, Student Assistant of the Year, and one unnamed award that can be for any of the previous four categories.
On the nature of attention, with ambient interfaces at street level

As a paradigm for interaction design, the ambient is different from the visual and intentional. Here you cannot always tell who is a user. Appropriate resolution becomes a significant cultural consideration. Data undergo formation and not just visualization. Human capacities for embodied non-visual cognition face new opportunities and challenges. Towards a synthesis of a cultural agenda for the ambient, this paper reviews fundamental principles of epistemology, cognition, ethnography and urbanism. As a starting point towards this agenda, neither embedded technology nor media-cultural critique seem so important as a better understanding of attention itself. Attention becomes scarce as information becomes superabundant. This paper explores common misconceptions about attention, at least with regard to ubiquitous media. It suggests some alternative first principle for understanding of the design challenge of more truly ambient information.
Orographic precipitation isotopic ratios in stratified atmospheric flows: Implications for paleoelevation studies

An idealized, fully nonlinear atmospheric model was used to evaluate the effects of stratified atmospheric flows on orographic precipitation isotopic ratios, with the aim of improving the foundation for interpreting proxy records used for paleoelevation studies. Orographic precipitation isotopic ratios can be understood in terms of two nondimensional parameters: the flow parameter Nh / U , where N is the moist Brunt-Vaisala frequency, a measure of atmospheric stratification, h is the large-scale relief, and U is the upstream horizontal wind speed perpendicular to the orogen; and the horizontal aspect ratio β, the ratio of the along-strike length of the orogen to its across-strike width. Existing Rayleigh condensation models for paleoaltimetry studies are only strictly applicable when Nh / U 0 much of the time. High values of both Nh / U and β favor precipitation upstream of the terrain, leading to isotopic ratios that are more depleted than predicted by the Rayleigh model. High Nh / U and low β favor low-level deflection of winds around the terrain, which substantially reduces lifting and condensation, leading to precipitation isotopic ratios in that are less depleted than predicted by the simple Rayleigh model. Changes in climate or the horizontal terrain aspect ratio can change precipitation isotopic ratios at least as much as changes in surface elevation, and surface uplift need not always affect precipitation isotopic ratios, suggesting that proxy records must be interpreted within a broad context of climate variability and landscape evolution.