cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
30 ORGAN CULTURE OF FETAL RAT PANCREAS: EFFECT OF CCK AND INSULIN ON AMYLASE ACTIVITY

In fetal rats, just before birth, there is a dramatic increase in pancreatic amylase activity. Besides the well demonstrated role of corticosteroids in this process, in vivo studies have suggested that CCK, a trophic hormone for the pancreas in adult rats, might also be involved (Werlin, Biol Neonate 1983; 44: 287-94). Since in vivo studies cannot rule out an indirect maternal effect through corticosteroid secretion, we studied the direct effect of CCK on fetal rat pancreas in organ culture. Furthermore, the role of insulin, another important hormone for the exocrine pancreas in adult rats, was checked by using streptozotocin (STZ). Pancreata from 20 day-old rat fetuses were cultured in a serum-free medium (SFM) for 6 days, with or without dexamethasone 3.10−6M (DXM) and/ or CCK8 2.10−6M. In the presence of these two hormones, and with or without insulin (0.1 U/ml), cultures were exposed to STZ 10−7M for the first day of culture. Pancreatic explants were assayed for proteins and amylase on days 0, 2, 4, 6. Amylase specific activity (ASA) was expressed as percentage of day 0. With SFM alone, almost all the ASA disappeared by day 2 (17.7 % ± 12.5), but was partially but significantly maintained when CCK (48.6% ± 8.8) or DXM (47.9% ±14.4) was added. The DXM effect was significantly maintained for 6 days but not the CCK effect which lasted only 2 days. On day 2 of culture the latter was dose-dependent with a maximum occuring between 10 md 10−10M and was inhibited by asperlicin 10 μM. A combination of CCK and DXM gave the best results in maintenance of ASA (87.4 % ± 21.8 on day 2; 81.9% ± 15.9 on day 4; 62.2% ± 10.3 on day 6). When cultures in this optimal medium (CCK + DXM) were exposed to streptozotozin for the first day of culture, a significant decrease of the ASA was found on days 4 (63.2% ± 21)and 6 {47.6% ± 12.8). This difference was corrected when, in the same protocol, insulin was added for the complete time of culture. Conclusions: CCK, like DXM, is important in the prenatal development of the pancreas in the rat. Its action on ASA is different from and additive, but not synergistic, to that of DXM. The effect of STZ, corrected by insulin, suggests also a role for this hormone. The paracrine effect of insulin on exocrine pancreas, well demonstrated in the adult rat, might be already efficient in the fetus.
An Inconvenienced Youth? Ageism and its Potential Intergenerational Roots

Age is the only social category identifying subgroups that everyone may eventually join. Despite this and despite the well-known growth of the older population, age-based prejudice remains an understudied topic in social psychology. This article systematically reviews the literature on ageism, highlighting extant research on its consequences and theoretical perspectives on its causes. We then identify a crucial gap in the literature, potential intergenerational tensions, speculating how a growing-older population-and society's efforts to accommodate it-might stoke intergenerational fires, particularly among the younger generation. Presenting both sides of this incipient issue, we review relevant empirical work that introduces reasons for both optimism and pessimism concerning intergenerational relations within an aging society. We conclude by suggesting future avenues for ageism research, emphasizing the importance of understanding forthcoming intergenerational dynamics for the benefit of the field and broader society.
The mechanism of caffeine-enhanced glucose stimulation of liver glycogen synthase phosphatase activity

Our report that glucose within its physiological range stimulates glycogen synthase phosphatase activity, provided an appropriate second effector is present, has been expanded. The nature of the stimulatory process, particularly the roles of glucose, and of caffeine which represents the potential second effectors, has been studied. Glucose and caffeine stimulated synthase phosphatase activity in a synergistic manner. With 0.5 mM caffeine the A0.5 for glucose was 11 mM (from 27 mM), whereas in the presence of 30 mM glucose the A0.5 for caffeine was 0.06 mM (from 0.7 mM). At 10 mM glucose the A0.5 for caffeine was 0.1 mM. Glucose stimulation remained non-cooperative, unaffected by the presence of caffeine, whereas the cooperative stimulation of caffeine was unaffected by glucose. Some slight stimulation of synthase activity was observed with caffeine and with glucose over a wide concentration range. However, they did not act synergistically to influence the measurement of synthase activity. Glucose-6-phosphate, which also stimulates synthase phosphatase activity, acted independently, not synergistically with caffeine. All the methylxanthines were tested as potential second effectors in an effort to discover the essential structural elements of the agent. All dimethylxanthines, 3- and 7-methylxanthine and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine enhanced glucose stimulation but none of them alone was stimulatory. Judged from the half-maximal concentrations, in the presence of 10 mM glucose, caffeine was the most potent second effector by a significant margin. The maximum velocity was also greatest with caffeine, whereas that with other methylxanthines was generally lower, and varied. 1-Methylxanthine with increased concentration was slightly inhibitory even in the presence of 10 mM glucose. Xanthine (0.5 mM), itself, strongly inhibited synthase phosphatase activity, an effect not influenced by glucose. Xanthine did not influence the measurement of synthase or phosphorylase phosphatase activity with or without glucose. In general, conditions of methylxanthine-enhanced, glucose stimulation of synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities differed markedly, confirming that separate, distinct mechanisms are involved.
Hand-held sextant - Results from Gemini XII and flight simulator experiments.

The capability of a spacecraft navigator to make in-flight navigation measurements from onboard the spacecraft using a hand-held sextant has been extensively studied at NASA Ames Research Center. Tests were conducted in the Ames Midcourse Navigation and Guidance Simulator and in the NASA Convair 990 research aircraft and onboard the orbiting Gemini XII spacecraft. The results of the Gemini XII and flight simulator experiments show that 1) hand-held sextant measurement performance is excellent, providing a standard deviation of measurement error less than ±10 arcsec; 2) spacecraft rotational motion and the actual spacecraft operational environment had little effect on the sextant performance; and 3) sextant performance is critically dependent on adequate crew training. The simple handheld optical space sextant used in the Gemini XII experiments appears to have application to onboard navigation for future lunar and interplanetary flights.
Identification of American Shad Spawning Sites and Habitat Use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina

Abstract We examined spawning site selection and habitat use by American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina, to inform future management in this flow-regulated river. American shad eggs were collected in plankton tows, and the origin (spawning site) of each egg was estimated; relocations of radio-tagged adults on spawning grounds illustrated habitat use and movement in relation to changes in water discharge rates. Most spawning was estimated to occur in the Piedmont physiographic region within a 25-river-kilometer (rkm) section just below the lowermost dam in the system; however, some spawning also occurred downstream in the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region has a higher gradient and is predicted to have slightly higher current velocities and shallower depths, on average, than the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region is dominated by large substrates (e.g., boulders and gravel), whereas the Coastal Plain is dominated by sand. Sampling at night (the primary spawnin...
Levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in human adipose tissue from hospitalized persons in the north and south of Vietnam 1984-88

Abstract Twenty-seven individual and ten pooled human adipose tissue specimens, collected from persons from the south and north of Vietnam, respectively, were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF. The results show a mean value of 19 ppt TCDD and 7 ppt TCDF in the samples from persons in the South, and non-detected TCDD and TCDF in the samples from persons from the North. Differences in 2,3,7,8-TCDD body burdens continue to be substantiated in the populations of the south and north of Vietnam.
The Impact of Tier 2 Mathematics Instruction on Second Graders with Mathematics Difficulties

Although research on Tier 2 interventions for early mathematics is accumulating, such efforts remain far behind those for reading, especially regarding specific features such as the ideal time to begin an intervention. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a Tier 2 intervention using a single subject multiple baseline, across-groups design with two cohorts of second graders. Because the two cohorts of students were given the intervention at different times during the second grade year, the study also documented whether the timing of the intervention affected acquisition and retention of second grade mathematics competencies. Finally, the study tracked student performance up to the first semester of the third grade year to document any sustained effects. The results show that the supplemental intervention was effective for both cohorts, but differences in performance indicate that the timing of the intervention may affect the degree of success. In addition, for some participants, the positive...
A controlled experiment in ground water flow model calibration

Nonlinear regression was introduced to ground water modeling in the 1970s, but has been used very little to calibrate numerical models of complicated ground water systems. Apparently, nonlinear regression is thought by many to be incapable of addressing such complex problems. With what we believe to be the most complicated synthetic test case used for such a study, this work investigates using nonlinear regression in ground water model calibration. Results of the study fall into two categories. First, the study demonstrates how systematic use of a well designed nonlinear regression method can indicate the importance of different types of data and can lead to successive improvement of models and their parameterizations. Our method differs from previous methods presented in the ground water literature in that (1) weighting is more closely related to expected data errors than is usually the case; (2) defined diagnostic statistics allow for more effective evaluation of the available data, the model, and their interaction; and (3) prior information is used more cautiously. Second, our results challenge some commonly held beliefs about model calibration. For the test case considered, we show that (1) field measured values of hydraulic conductivity are not as directly applicable to models as their use in some geostatistical methods imply; (2) a unique model does not necessarily need to be identified to obtain accurate predictions; and (3) in the absence of obvious model bias, model error was normally distributed. The complexity of the test case involved implies that the methods used and conclusions drawn are likely to be powerful in practice.
High-efficiency stepwise contraction and adsorption nanolithography.

A new miniaturization protocol is demonstrated using stretching and relaxation of an elastomer substrate. A designed microstructure is formed on the stretched substrate and subsequently becomes miniaturized when the substrate relaxes. More importantly, the miniaturized structures can be transferred onto a new substrate for further miniaturization or can be utilized as stamps for nanolithography of designated materials. As an example of this approach, an elastic mold was first cast from a Si mold containing periodic line arrays of 1.5-μm line width. Upon relaxation, line width is reduced to 240 nm. The new elastomer may be used as stamps for micro- and nanofabrication of materials such as proteins. The polymer surface roughness or wrinkling behavior at nanoscale is found to follow classic stability model in solid mechanics. This observation provides means to design and control the surface roughness to meet specific requirements.
A chopped fast flow technique for transient surface reaction rate measurement: carbon deposition and oxidation on hot PT

Abstract A novel “chopped fast flow” technique for surface reaction studies is described. It extends the molecular beam chopping approach to fast flow systems, exploits higher reactant and product fluxes, and permits transient rate measurements of fast surface reactions at much higher pressure. It employs an oscillating needle gas source to generate reactant square wave flows. The method was used to measure rates of carbon deposition following impact of hydrocarbon molecules on a hot Pt surface (T > 1000 °K). Square wave flows of hydrocarbon and oxygen, out of phase, produced period changes in carbon coverage, surface work function, and thermionic electron emission current. Carbon deposition rates were inferred from the variation of emission current with time. Deposition probabilities were low and very sensitive to hydrocarbon chain length. The results suggest that energy transfer during the short physisorption lifetime of the hydrocarbon molecule limits the deposition probability.
Mattesia grandis n. sp., a Sporozoan Pathogen of the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman*

SYNOPSIS. Laboratory cultures of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, became infected with Mattesia grandis n. sp. (Neogregarinida, Ophryocystidae). The ensuing epizootic resulted in destruction of the weevil colony. Infection occurred per os in larval and adult weevils. Sporozoites penetrate the intestinal wall and infect adipose tissue cells. Micronuclear schizogony with production of merozoites is the primary method of multiplication and spread to new foci. Micronuclear schizonts may grow as large as 30 μ in size and produce up to 200 or so merozoites, which may be 20 μ long and 1–2.5 μ wide and are motile. Macronuclear schizonts are formed from these 1st schizogony merozoites, and can become 20–30 μ in size, producing up to 80 or so macronuclear merozoites. These can be 15 μ long but 2–3 μ wide with limited motility. Second schizogony merozoites form gamonts, which pair, forming gametocysts. Nuclear division occurs, resulting in 4 equal sized nuclei and 2 pairs of residual nuclei. Four gametes are formed by cytoplasmic constriction around the nuclei. The gametes rapidly pair to form 2 zygotes in the gametocyst, resulting in 2 spores. Nuclear pairing in 1 of the 2 zygotes often lags slightly behind. Abnormal development of zygotes was rare, but could result in 1 spore with 3 poles and a normal spore, or with only 1 spore developing. Near maturity gametocysts are about 12.5 μ long and 14.0 μ wide, with the gametocyst wall tightly stretched over the poles of the spores. Spores often are slightly flattened on the adjacent side in the gametocyst but frequently attained evenly curved walls on all sides after release. The spores are octozoic, with sporozoite development occurring after release from the gametocyst. Spores measured 7.1 μ X 11.8 μ. Characters are given to separate M. grandis from other species of Mattesia.
World Society, NGOs and Environmental Policy Reform in Asia:

We examine the role of domestic nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in environmental policy reform in Asia. Standard accounts treat NGOs as critical players in the policy process, responding to local environmental degradation and pressing states for environmental reforms. We argue, by contrast, that environmental policy changes are borne largely of the global environmental regime, and that domestic environmental NGOs in Asia are better seen as products of world society than as independent actors driving policy change. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses support our view. In event-history analyses of policy reform, we find that both ties to world society and linkages to the global environmental regime are stronger predictors of policy adoption rates than domestic environmental NGOs or local degradation. We suggest that the rhetorical centrality of `grassroots' NGOs results not from any direct impact such associations have on political change but rather from their roles in the theater of democracy, ...
Meeting Joint Commission Standards for Drug/Food Interactions Utilizing Computers and Existing Personnel

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME : To recognized how computer automation can be used to efficiently add new programs related to clinical nutrition management. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standards state that patients must be provided with instruction on potential drug/food interactions so that they can meet their ongoing health care needs. The major goals of a drug/food interaction program are to inform the patient of potential interactions and to educate them in how to adjust their food intake to prevent them. In today's health care environment, this needs to be accomplished efficiently using as few resources as possible. At a large tertiary care hospital, Pharmacy and Food and Nutrition Services (FANS) identified 16 drugs in which efficacy could be moderately or severely affected by food. The Pharmacist wrote a description of each drug and its interaction with food. The Registered Dietitian (RD) composed the dietary guidelines to assist the patient in preventing an interaction. The FANS network administrator designed a computer program that identifies patients receiving one of the key drugs and automatically prints all material needed to comply with the JCAHO standards. Education sheets specific to each drug combine the pharmacist's description and the RD's guidelines. These are printed with the patient's name and location at the top for ease of delivery. Medical record documentation (MRD) is generated that contains all of the necessary information specific to the drug and the patient except the clinician's signature. The RD Assistant gives the education sheets to the patients when making menu rounds, then signs and drops the MRD in the "to be filed" basket on each patient care area. This efficient use of resources and computer automation has enabled FANS to give instructions and to complete the MRD regarding drug/food interactions for 50 patients daily in just 3 hours.
The Effects of Policy on Enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children:

This study’s aim is to determine effects of policy variables on enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) using a framework for the study of access. Secondary analysis of 1994 data from public documents and agencies for the 50 states was conducted. Independent variables were ratio of the federal WIC grant to the eligible population, state supplementation of WIC, administrative and food dollars per person, WIC population per clinic, and WIC priority categories served. The dependent variable was the eligible WIC population enrolled. State supplementation of the WIC budget, administrative and food dollars per person, cost of living, population density, population distribution, and ratio of the federal WIC grant to the eligible population accounted for 85% of variance in WIC enrollment. Policy recommendations include reorienting the federal funding formula toward incentives for enrollment, state supplementation of WIC, and examination of administrative and...
Becoming a globally integrated enterprise: lessons on enabling organizational and cultural change

For 100 years, IBM has embraced the notion that change is essential for progress. IBM has a significant history of ongoing reinvention, and its transformation to a globally integrated enterprise (GIE) has accelerated as the company has responded to historic shifts that have reshaped the industry and the global economy. This paper provides insights into the organizational and cultural change enablers for becoming a GIE. The authors focus on the highlights, challenges, and lessons learned, including the shifts in mindsets and behaviors that were required to operate as a GIE. Moreover, the paper outlines the organizational and cultural change approach that is being used in the key transformation initiatives of IBM to engage leaders and employees at all levels and accelerate the adoption of new ways of working.
Transfer of cadmium in a phytoplankton-oyster-mouse food chain.

The trophic transfer of cadmium (Cd) was studied in a phytoplankton-oyster-mouse food chain. Phytoplankton, grown in a continuous culture chemostat system containing CdCl2 plus the isotope109Cd, accumulated 70% of the total supplied cadmium. Oysters filtered out 85 to 95% of the phytoplankton. The rate of oyster Cd accumulation at 15 C increased linearly with seawater Cd concentration according to: y=0.066X − 0.15 (n =12, r=0.96); where X=μg Cd/L seawater (between 2 and 22) and y=μg Cd/g dry wt oyster/ day. About 59% of the Cd accumulated by the oysters came from the phytoplankton food source and 41% from the cadmium dissolved in the water. Sixty-one percent of the total supplied cadmium was retained in the whole soft body of the osyters. Mice fed 0.4 μg of oyster-bound Cd per g of diet, retained 0.83% of the dietary cadmium consumed. Mouse kidney retention for organic oyster-bound cadmium was 0.14%. Extrapolation of these results to human risk assessment indicates that moderate consumption of oysters, which are not highly contaminated with cadmium, poses no significant health risk in terms of elevating kidney cadmium levels.
Formation of low resistivity ohmic contacts to n-type 3C-SiC

Abstract In this study, the dependence of nickel contacts to n-type 3C-SiC on anneal temperature is characterized by the linear transmission line method. It is found that Ni contacts begin to exhibit ohmic behavior after annealing at 700 °C, and the specific contact resistivity decreases gradually with increasing anneal temperature. A low contact resistivity of 1.4×10−5 Ω cm2 was obtained after annealing at 1000 °C. Phosphorus was implanted into 3C-SiC epilayer and then activated at 1050, 1150, 1250 and 1350 °C, respectively. Both the sheet resistance of the 3C-SiC epilayer and the specific contact resistivity of Ni contacts decrease monotonically with increasing activation temperature. Results from Ni/Si bilayer contacts with varying layer thickness ratios (50 nm/180 nm, 50 nm/90 nm and 50 nm/50 nm) are also reported. Ni/Si bilayer contacts are found to be inferior to pure Ni contacts.
Manpower needs in academic emergency medicine

One of the value statements of the American College of Emergency Physicians states that, "Quality Emergency Medicine is best practiced by qualified, credentialed emergency physicians." 1 To address this value ACEP has established the following goal: "The number of board-certified physicians will be sufficient to meet the manpower needs of the public." 1 It is the position of ACEP that there is currently a severe shortage of appropriately trained and certified emergency physicians and, moreover, that the shortage will continue well into the next century. We discuss how ACEP arrived at this position and the role of academic emergency medicine in addressing this shortage. For many years, there has been a public debate as to whether there is a physician shortage or surplus. The Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Commission report of 1980 estimated that there would be 630,000 US physicians by 1990, with a surplus of 70,000. 2 This report also identified emergency medicine as a shortage specialty, indicating there would be a need for 14,000 emergency physicians in 1990, with a supply of only 8,000. Schwartz included such factors as increased provision of administrative and research activity by physicians and concluded that there would be a shortage of 7,000 physicians by the year 2,000. 3
A primary kinetic isotope effect for the O-H insertion of dimethoxycarbene

Abstract The primary kinetic isotope effect for the insertion of dimethoxycarbene into MeOH(D) is 3.3 ± 0.5.
Inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity by the cardiotonic drugs amrinone and milrinone.

Abstract Amrinone and milrinone are new cardiotonic drugs that have potent inotropic and vasodilatory properties. The mechanism of action of these agents is controversial, but the positive inotropic component is thought to be due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Because amrinone and milrinone have been shown to be involved primarily in cyclic AMP-mediated processes, we examined the effect of these agents on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The results indicate that amrinone and milrinone inhibit cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity by competing with ATP but not cyclic AMP binding sites. Dissociation constants (Ki) of amrinone and milrinone for ATP binding sites on protein kinase were calculated to be 100–300 μM and 842 μM, respectively. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM) had no effect on protein kinase activity. Amrinone and milrinone inhibited the catalytic subunit of protein kinase to the same degree as the holo-enzyme by competitively inhibiting the binding of ATP. Amrinone and milrinone had no effect on phospholipid-sensitive, calcium-dependent protein kinase indicating that there may be differences in the ATP binding sites on these two protein kinases. Inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase by amrinone and milrinone occurs at concentrations higher than those used clinically. However, because amrinone and milrinone are lipophilic drugs, they may be useful tools for the investigation of protein kinase mediated reactions.
Comparison of articulation severity ratings of s and r by lower-, middle-, and upper socioeconomic groups.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to compare articulation severity ratings of /s/ and /r/ by lower-, middle-, and upper SES groups. The stimuli were rated by three groups of observers by the psychological scaling method of equal appearing intervals. Results suggest that different SES groups view acceptability of specific phoneme errors in a similar manner. Moreover, severity ratings vary systematically as a function of type of misarticulation, a finding explainable in acoustic-perceptual and distinctive feature theory terms.
Charging fluctuations and resistive transition in Josephson junction arrays

Abstract The density of a vortex plasma in a two-dimensional quantum planar model is calculated as a function of temperature. The results imply flux-flow resistance with tails extending down to T = 0 and allowing for the possibility of resistance minima.
Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for a Strongly Interacting Superfluid Boson System

The Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the order parameter of a superfluid boson system is derived in a form which is applicable to a system in which the two-body potential has a strong repulsive core, as is the case for liquid helium. The equation of motion for the order parameter, defined as the matrix element of the field annihilation operator between the states of an ($N\ensuremath{-}1$)-particle and an $N$-particle system, is obtained. The term describing the average potential due to the other particles is expanded in a perturbation series, in which the coherentstate representation is used. The resulting expansion is the same as using the Bogoliubov approximation and Wick's theorem, and shows that the Bogoliubov expansion is exact in the limit of an infinite number of particles. The perturbation expansion is partially resummed to give a Hartree field in which the potential has been replaced by the $T$ matrix, which gives a finite average effective field.
Anterior temporal electrodes in complex partial seizures.

Abstract Anterior temporal (AT) and sphenoidal (SP) electrodes as well as standard 10–20 electrodes were used to evaluate patients with recent onset partial seizures. A total of 58 epileptiform foci were found in 80 patients. AT electrodes significantly improved detection of foci in comparison with 10–20 electrodes. SP electrodes resulted in a small, non-significant increase in detection in comparison to AT electrodes. AT electrodes may be substituted for basal electrodes for the purpose of diagnosis in the majority of patients with recent onset complex partial seizures.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN VIETNAMESE AND CAMBODIAN CHILDREN: Cultural and Structural Explanations

Many Vietnamese and Cambodians fied war and communist takeover and entered the United States as part of the largest refugee resettlement program in the country's history. Both of the refugee groups...
Geologic interpretation of gravity‐anomalies in southeastern Oklahoma

Determinations of the value of gravity by pendulum and computations of gravity-anomalies were made by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for 14 new stations (Nos. 977 to 990) in Atoka and Bryan counties, Oklahoma, in 1938–39. The stations were located at or near township- corners and were spaced at intervals of about six miles in an approximately rectangular grid. The stations lie on or adjacent to the north border of the Gulf Coastal Plain. North of the Coastal Plain are two prominent fault-systems. One is the belt of overthrust-faults at the northwest side of the Ouachita Mountains. It trends south-southwest and separates a thick sequence of light clastic sediments to the east from a sequence of limestone and dolomite and some granite to the west. The second belt of faults trends east-southeast and lies west of the belt of thrust-faulting. Two of the faults in this belt, the Tishomingo and Ravia faults, dip at high angles and bound a granite uplift along Tishomingo anticline. Limestone and dolomite with some clastic sediments are present north and south of the granite. The two fault-systems converge toward the south and pass beneath the thin sedimentary cover (1,300 feet, maximum) of the Coastal Plain. The gravity-stations surround the junction of the prolongations of the surface-traces of the two fault-systems. The gravity-anomalies range from +56 milligals on the granite uplift to −18 milligals above the edge of the sequence of clastic rocks of the Ouachita Mountains with an average difference between stations six miles apart of 12.5 milligals.
Selective Guest Binding by Tailored Channels in a 3-D Porous Zinc(II)−Benzenetricarboxylate Network

Diffusion of triethylamine into an ethanol solution containing 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate yields crystalline Zn2(BTC)(NO3)·(H2O)(C2H5OH)5, which was formulated by elemental microanalysis, solid-state NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction [cubic, P213, a = 14.728(2) A, V = 3195(2) A3, Z = 4]. This compound possesses a 3-D structure with nearly 44% of the framework represented by an extended channel system having a 14 A cross-section, where highly mobile ethanol and water guest molecules reside. The multidentate functionality of BTC imparts rigidity to the structure, consequently allowing the guests to be removed or exchanged without destruction of the porous framework. X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR (13C CP MAS and static), gas chromatography, and thermogravimetry analyses reveal that this material is highly selective to alcohols because of the coordination environment adopted by Zn(II) within its framework. Other molecular inclusions such as tet...
Sources and sinks for atmospheric H2 - A current analysis with projections for the influence of anthropogenic activity

Oxidation of CH4 provides the major source for atmospheric H2, which is removed mainly by reaction with OH. Biological activity at earth's surface appears to represent at most a minor sink for H2. Anthropogenic activity is a significant source for both H2 and CO in the present atmosphere and may be expected to exert a growing influence in the future. Models are presented which suggest a rise in the mixing ratio of H2 from its present value of 5.6 ten-millionths to about 1.8 millionths by the year 2100. The mixing ratio of CO should grow from 9.7 hundred-millionths to 2.3 ten-millionths over the same time period, and there should be a rise in CH4 by about a factor of 1.5 associated with anthropogenically induced reductions in tropospheric OH.
Electron-driven excitations and dissociation of molecules

This program studied how energy is interchanged in electron and photon collisions with molecules leading to ex-citation and dissociation. Modern ab initio techniques, both for the photoionization and electron scattering, and the subsequent nuclear dynamics studies, are used to accurately treat these problems. This work addresses vibrational ex-citation and dissociative attachment following electron impact, and the dynamics following inner shell photoionzation. These problems are ones for which a full multi-dimensional treatment of the nuclear dynamics is essential and where non-adiabatic effects are expected to be important.
Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind

Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind Jose Luis Bermudez New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010 516 pages, ISBN: 1412977614 (pbk); $80.00 Introductory textbooks for a re...
Formation of zinc protoporphyrin in cultured hepatocytes: effects of ferrochelatase inhibition, iron chelation or lead

Abstract The formation of zinc protoporphyrin in response to lead or iron depletion has previously been investigated in erythroid systems. Because of its possible metabolic role in non-erythroid tissue, we investigated the formation of zinc protoporphyrin in cultured hepatocytes. The effects of lead and inhibitors of ferrochelatase, the iron insertion step of heme synthesis, on the conversion of 5-aminolevulinic acid to zinc protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin and heme were compared in rat and chick embryo hepatocyte cultures. In rat cultures, zinc protoporphyrin was synthesized enzymatically by ferrochelatase, since N -methylmesoporphyrin, an inhibitor of ferrochelatase, caused 40% or greater decreases in both heme and zinc protoporphyrin accumulation and markedly stimulated protoporphyrin accumulation. In addition, chelation of ferrous iron with 2,2′-dipyridyl decreased heme accumulation by 50%, but increased ZPP accumulation by 200%. Zinc protoporphyrin formation in chick embryo hepatocytes required the addition of zinc as well as 5-aminolevulinic acid and apparently was non-enzymatic, since it was not inhibited by N -methylmesoporphyrin nor increased by iron chelation. In the presence of 5-aminolevulinic acid, lead had no effect on zinc protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin or heme accumulation in chick hepatocytes, but decreased all three in rat hepatocytes, with the decrease in protoporphyrin being far greater than that of zinc protoporphyrin or heme. These findings indicate that, in contrast to the effect of lead in erythroid tissue, it did not specifically increase zinc protoporphyrin accumulation or alter iron availability in cultured hepatocytes.
Analytical evaluation of plasminogen purification.

Summary The purification of plasminogen has been studied. Subfractionation of Fraction III appears to be most satisfactory. Purification of plasminogen-Fraction III and plasminogen-Fraction III-3 yields purification with low yield. Comparisons show higher recovery of proteolytic than of fibrinolytic activity. Resume La purification du plasminogene a ete etuditee. La methode la plus satisfaisante parait etre le sous-fractionnement de la Fraction III. La purification du plasminogene, Fraction III, et du plasminogene, Fraction III-3, n'a qu'un rendement mediocre. Des etudes comparatives montrent que I'on recueille davantage d'activite proteolytique que d'activite fibrinolytique.
Genomic clustering of tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAT1 and two tRNA synthetases.

Human tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase (hADAT1) specifically converts A37 in the anticodon loop of human tRNAAla to inosine via a hydrolytic deamination mechanism. The enzyme is related to a family of RNA editing enzymes (ADARs) specific for pre-mRNA, and it has been cloned based on its sequence homology to the catalytic domain of ADARs. In the present study we have analyzed the 5′-flanking sequence of the murine ADAT1 gene, revealing that the first transcribed exon is located 1.1 kb downstream from the polyadenylation site of lysyl tRNA synthetase (KARS). The close proximity is conserved in the human genome with an intergenic distance of 5.5 kb. We determined the complete cDNA sequence as well as exon/intron organization of murine KARS. Significant sequence similarities between KARS and ADAT1 are apparent within their substrate interaction domains. Radiation hybrid panel analysis mapped human ADAT1 and human KARS to region q22.2–22.3 of Chromosome (Chr) 16 with alanyl tRNA synthetase (AARS) positioned centromeric to the KARS and ADAT1 genes. 16q22–24 has recently been recognized as a susceptibility candidate locus for several autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The clustering of three tRNA specific genes, of which two are specific for tRNAAla, may indicate their evolutionary relatedness or common factors involved in regulating their expression.
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Chimpanzees and Marmosets

Nine of 15 specimens of human origin thought to contain non-A, non-B hepatitis agents caused hepatitis in recipient chimpanzees. Two have been further characterized. One inoculum, designated strain F, has been reported to produce unique cytoplasmic changes detected by electron microscopy in liver biopsy specimens; the other, strain H, produced distinctive nuclear changes. It is not yet clear whether these two changes result from infection by different agents; they have been useful markers of non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees. Strain F was serially passaged six times in chimpanzees, and the infectivity titer of the strain F plasma was estimated to be less than 10(2)/ml. Strain H had an infectivity titer in chimpanzees of at least 10(6)/ml. Both the strain F and strain H agents have been successfully transmitted and serially passaged in marmosets. Although hepatitis was detected in a lower percentage of marmosets than chimpanzees given either the strain F or H inoculum, the infectivity titer of the strain H agent appeared to be greater than or equal to 10(8) marmoset infectious doses/ml.
A dual blood supply protects the right gastroepiploic arterial graft: Report of two cases

We report two cases whose right gastroepiploic arterial bypass grafts were protected by a dual blood supply due to the anatomical anastomosis between the celiac and the superior mesenteric artery systems. This unique characteristic of the graft adds an advantage for its use as a graft conduit.
Heterogeneity of riparian habitats mediates responses of terrestrial arthropods to a subsidy of Pacific salmon carcasses

The transfer of nutrients and energy across habitat or ecosystem boundaries, or resource subsidies, is important in structuring ecological communities. Variation in biotic and abiotic characteristics of patches receiving resource subsidies may mediate their effects, including responses by consumers, however few studies have investigated this explicitly or the potential effects at broader spatial scales. To test the role recipient patches may play in mediating effects of a subsidy and consequences at larger reach scales, we conducted an experiment to evaluate changes in arthropod community composition and abundance in response to a subsidy of salmon carcasses in vegetated and un-vegetated riparian patches, where carcasses are frequently deposited by animals, and how these patterns in patches mediate responses at reach scales. Arthropod community composition differed between habitats, and salmon additions yielded strong positive changes in arthropod abundance among select families. Four dipteran families responded positively to additions of carcasses to riparian habitats, and effects were generally stronger in vegetated habitats. Salmon carcasses in un-vegetated habitats desiccated whereas in vegetated habitats they remained moist which likely facilitated rapid consumption. Of the five predatory arthropod families observed, only the coleopteran, Staphylinidae, increased in response to the salmon carcass subsidy, and only in vegetated habitats. Differences in effect size between habitats suggest selection of salmon carcasses by riparian arthropods changes with habitat context. Additionally, we detected significant increases in adult Calliphoridae biomass at reach scales, with the largest increases occurring at streams with more carcasses in vegetated patches. Our results show that the responses to the subsidy of salmon carcasses are not ubiquitous among riparian arthropods, nor are they spatially homogenous. Rather, our findings demonstrate that spatial variation in recipient habitat can mediate the responses of primary and secondary consumers to a subsidy, with effects manifesting at broader spatial extents, highlighting an additional means by which landscape heterogeneity influences the dynamics of food webs.
Inverse Kinematics of an Untethered Rigid Body Undergoing a Sequence of Forward and Reverse Rotations

A sequence of rotations considered in this paper is a series of rotations of an untethered rigid body about its body-fixed axes such that the rotation about each axis is fully reversed at the end of the sequence. Due to the noncommutative property of finite rigid body rotations, such a sequence can effect nonzero changes in the orientation of the rigid body even though the net rotation about each axis is zero. These sequences are useful for attitude maneuvers of miniature spacecraft that use elastic deformation-based microactuators, or of other airborne or neutrally buoyant underwater vehicles. This paper considers the inverse kinematics problem of determining the angles in a given sequence to achieve a desired change in the orientation. Two types of problems are addressed. For the first problem, where four-rotation sequences are used, an analytical solution is presented and it is shown that a pointing vector attached to the rigid-body can be arbitrarily oriented. In the second problem, six-rotation sequences are used to control all three of the orientation freedoms of the rigid body. Some of the six-rotation sequences can provide any change in orientation while others are limited in their capabilities. A general numerical solution for all types, and a closed-form analytical solution for one type are presented along with the numerical examples and graphical visualization. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1767185#
A single sample GnRHa stimulation test in the diagnosis of precocious puberty

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been the standard test for diagnosing central precocious puberty. Because GnRH is no longer available, GnRH analogues (GnRHa) are now used. Random LH concentration, measured by the third-generation immunochemiluminometric assay, is a useful screening tool for central precocious puberty. However, GnRHa stimulation test should be considered, when a basal LH measurement is inconclusive. However optimal sampling times for luteinizing hormone (LH) have yet to be established. To determine the appropriate sampling time for LH post leuprolide challenge. A retrospective analysis of multi-sample GnRHa stimulation tests performed in 155 children (aged 1–9 years) referred for precocious puberty to Texas Children’s Hospital. After 20 mcg/kg of SQ leuprolide acetate, samples were obtained at 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours. Of 71 children with clinical evidence of central precocious puberty, fifty nine children had a peak LH >5 mIU/mL. 52 (88%) of these responders had positive responses at 1 hour (95% CI is 80–96%), whereas all 59 children (100%) had a peak LH response >5 mIU/mL at 3 hours (95% CI is 94-100%), P = 0.005. A single serum LH sample collected 3 hours post GnRHa challenge is the optimal sample to establish the diagnosis of central precocious puberty.
The New Conventional Wisdom: An Evaluation of the Who Report Health Systems: Improving Performance

The World Health Organization's recent report, Health Systems: Improving Performance, has been highly visible in the professional and popular media. The report evaluates the world's health care systems according to three characteristics—effectiveness, responsiveness to users, and the progressivity of their funding—then uses these evaluations to rank countries by each of these characteristics and by an overall indicator of performance, a composite of all three characteristics. The ranking has been widely cited, but rarely subjected to scientific scrutiny. This article analyzes the concepts and methods used in the study and the assumptions and values inherent in the report. The author demonstrates how the report's uncritical acceptance of what has become the new conventional wisdom on health and medical care policies in the United States and other developed countries seriously limits its value.
Fluorescent protein-based biosensors: resolving spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling

Cellular processes are orchestrated by the precise coordination and regulation of molecular events in the cell. Fluorescent protein-based biosensors coupled with live-cell imaging have enabled the visualization of these events in real time and helped shape some of the current concepts of signal transduction, such as spatial compartmentation. The quantitative information produced by these tools has been incorporated into mathematical models that are capable of predicting highly complex and dynamic behaviors of cellular signaling networks, thus providing a systems level understanding of how pathways interact to produce a functional response. Finally, with technological advances in high-throughput and in vivo imaging, these molecular tools promise to continually engender significant contributions to our understanding of cellular processes under normal and diseased conditions.
Formidability and the logic of human anger

Eleven predictions derived from the recalibrational theory of anger were tested. This theory proposes that anger is produced by a neurocognitive program engineered by natural selection to use bargaining tactics to resolve conflicts of interest in favor of the angry individual. The program is designed to orchestrate two interpersonal negotiating tactics (conditionally inflicting costs or conditionally withholding benefits) to incentivize the target of the anger to place greater weight on the welfare of the angry individual. Individuals with enhanced abilities to inflict costs (e.g., stronger individuals) or to confer benefits (e.g., attractive individuals) have a better bargaining position in conflicts; hence, it was predicted that such individuals will be more prone to anger, prevail more in conflicts of interest, and consider themselves entitled to better treatment. These predictions were confirmed. Consistent with an evolutionary analysis, the effect of strength on anger was greater for men and the effect of attractiveness on anger was greater for women. Also as predicted, stronger men had a greater history of fighting than weaker men, and more strongly endorsed the efficacy of force to resolve conflicts—both in interpersonal and international conflicts. The fact that stronger men favored greater use of military force in international conflicts provides evidence that the internal logic of the anger program reflects the ancestral payoffs characteristic of a small-scale social world rather than rational assessments of modern payoffs in large populations.
Alterations of brain cholecystokinin receptors in mice made obese with goldthioglucose.

: We investigated the binding of cholecystokinin (CCK) to its receptors in brains of mice made obese by the injection of goldthioglucose. In these mice there was a significant increase in the number of binding sites in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and olfactory lobes in comparison with either unin-jected mice or injected mice that did not become obese. The present study demonstrates, therefore, that obesity in mice is associated with changes in brain CCK receptors, and raises the possibility that obesity in certain animals may be related to abnormalities in the binding of CCK to its receptors.