cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time dependence of unipolar cathodal and anodal strength-interval curves.

Following pacemaker electrode attachment, greater ventricular vulnerability to arrhythmias exists in an acutely is-chemic ventricle with a univocal anodal than cathodal stimulus falling on the T wave, due to the shorter refractory period exhibited by an anodal stimulus. In order to determine the relationship between anodal and cathodal refractory period at various times following endocardial electrode insertion, ventricular strength-interval curves were determined in nine dogs. With stable electrode position, serial measurements were made for a mean duration of 44 days. It was observed that during the first five days, the anodal refractory period was significantly shorter than cathodal, but within 15–20 days this relationship was reversed in all dogs. The longer anodal refractory period was observed up to the end of each study. These results suggest that due to shorter anodal refractory period, greater vulnerability to arrhythmias may occur with an anodal than cathodal stimulus in the initial 15–20 days following electrode insertion.
The effect of electron irradiation and proton implantation on and a novel operation of IGBT integrated current sensors

In this paper, the effect of electron irradiation and proton implantation on a punchthrough-type, n-channel, 600 V vertical IGBT and its integrated current sensors is studied. Also, we have applied internal voltage probing to examine the potential surrounding active and MOS integrated sensors.
Neutralized Adenovirus-Immune Complexes Can Mediate Effective Gene Transfer via an Fc Receptor-Dependent Infection Pathway

Neutralization of adenovirus (Ad) by anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies in serum involves formation of Ad-immune complexes that prevent the virus from interacting with target cells. We hypothesized that Ad-immune complexes likely contain viable Ad vectors which, although no longer capable of gaining access to receptors on target cells, may be able to express transgenes in cells bearing Fc receptors for immunoglobulins, i.e., that antibody-based "neutralization" of Ad vectors may be circumvented by the Fc receptor pathway. To test this hypothesis, we expressed the Fcgamma receptor IIA (FcgammaR) in A549 lung epithelial cells or human dermal fibroblasts and evaluated gene transfer in the presence of human neutralizing anti-Ad serum. FcgammaR-expressing cells bound and internalized copious amounts of Ad, with a distinct population of internalized Ad trafficking to the nucleus. The dose-response curves for inhibition of gene transfer revealed that FcgammaR-expressing cells required a more-than-10-fold higher concentration of anti-Ad serum to achieve 50% inhibition of Ad-encoded beta-galactosidase expression compared with non-FcgammaR-expressing cells. The discrepancy between neutralization of Ad during infection of FcgammaR-expressing cells and neutralization of Ad during infection of non-FcgammaR-expressing cells occurred with either heat-inactivated or non-heat-inactivated sera, was blocked by addition of purified Fc domain protein, and did not require the cytoplasmic domain of FcgammaR, suggesting that immune complex internalization proceeded via endocytosis rather than phagocytosis. FcgammaR-mediated infection by Ad-immune complexes did not require expression of the coxsackie virus-Ad receptor (CAR) since similar data were obtained when CAR-deficient human dermal fibroblasts were engineered to express FcgammaR. However, interaction of the Ad penton base with cell surface integrins contributed to the difference in neutralization between FcgammaR-expressing and non-FcgammaR-expressing cells. The data indicate that complexes formed from Ad and anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies, while compromised with respect to infection of non-FcgammaR-expressing target cells, maintain the potential to transfer genes to FcgammaR-expressing cells, with consequent expression of the transgene. The formation of Ad-immune complexes that can target viable virus to antigen-presenting cells may account for the success of Ad-based vaccines administered in the presence of low levels of neutralizing anti-Ad antibody.
Peripheral regulation of T cells by dendritic cells during infection

It is well accepted that T cell responses are integral in providing protection during pathogenic infections. In numerous tissues, T cell responses are generated to combat infection. Typically, these T cell responses are primed in draining lymph nodes (LN) by dendritic cells (DC) that have migrated from the infected tissue. Previously, it was thought that after the initial encounter between DC and T cells in the LN, the T cells underwent a programmed response. However, it has become increasingly clear that direct interactions between DCs and T cells in infected, peripheral tissues can modulate the activation, effector function, tissue residence, and memory responses of these T cells. This review will highlight the contribution of local, direct DC: T cell interactions to the regulation of T cell responses in various tissues during inflammation and infection .
Route to chaos in porous-medium thermal convection

A pseudo-spectral numerical scheme is used to study two-dimensional, single-cell, time-dependent convection in a square cross-section of fluid saturated porous material heated from below. With increasing Rayleigh number R convection evolves from steady S to chaotic NP through the sequence of bifurcations S→P(1)→QP2→P(2)→NP, where P(1) and P(2) are simply periodic regimes and QP2 is a quasi-periodic state with two basic frequencies. The transitions (from onset of convection to chaos) occur at Rayleigh numbers of 4π2, 380–400, 500–520, 560–570, and 850–1000. In the first simply periodic regime the fundamental frequency f1 varies as . The chaotic states are characterized by spectral peaks with at least 3 fundamental frequencies superimposed on a broadband background noise. The time dependence of these states arises from the random generation of tongue-like disturbances within the horizontal thermal boundary layers. Transition to the chaotic regime is accompanied by the growth of spectral components that destroy the centre-symmetry of convection in the other states. Over-truncation can lead to spurious transitions and bifurcation sequences; in general it produces overly complex flows.
Design of currents to reduce torque ripple in brushless permanent magnet motors

A method to design an improved motor excitation for three-phase brushless permanent magnet motors is presented. The unique motor excitation reduces ripple in the developed torque, reduces the effects of cogging or detent torque, and is also a minimum average power excitation. Practical benefits are reduced vibration and acoustic noise in speed control applications, and improved accuracy in position control applications. First, an analysis of torque ripple is presented using the exponential Fourier series in the torque model. The analysis is simple, yet extends some well known results by predicting the presence of additional harmonic components. Next, the design of an optimal weighting of stator current harmonics is cast as a type of constrained minimisation problem. In contrast to iterative approaches that have been reported in the past, the new design method determines the current harmonic weights in closed form. Steps in the design procedure are demonstrated using measured back EMF data from a 2 hp brushless DC motor.< >
A kinesthetic activity using LEGO bricks and buckets for illustrating the regulation of blood sugar.

when first faced with understanding blood sugar regulation, students often resort to simple memorization. Many students would like to get more involved with the conceptual framework but don't know how to start. We have developed an activity based on the Modell ([4][1]) approach, a “view from the
Managing Around Roles: Building Groups in Labor Negotiations

Although the formal role structure of labor negotiations is explicitly confrontational, informal relationships and attempts at problem solving may develop among members of the opposing negotiating teams during the course of negotiations. Effective management of negotiations, it is argued, is a process of managing around formal role structures so that negotiators can interact openly and informally. The intervening variable that makes this possible is the creation of "joint" team identity among labor and management negotiators. This process of managing around roles is illustrated by a comparison of two labor negotiations.
A scheme for quantizing privacy in context-aware ubiquitous computing

Privacy is one of the areas of security with tradeoffs in ubiquitous computing and tends to a difficult, yet necessary, design issue in such dynamic environments. Context and social nuances contribute to creating privacy for the user, making it a meta-property. Developers currently incorporate little support in designing frameworks that help end- users manage their privacy in an undaunted way. In this paper, we present a scheme for introducing granularity of user privacy in context-aware systems deployed in ubiquitous computing environments. Our scheme aims to configure the privacy of the overall system (1) based on the overall privacy set by the user and (2) dynamically, based on the context rulesets and policies. We strive to make perception of privacy intuitive for the user, yet allowing the scheme to be adept in resolving context. We consider two real life situations and present results demonstrating the implementation of our scheme.
Natural feature tracking for augmented reality

Natural scene features stabilize and extend the tracking range of augmented reality (AR) pose-tracking systems. We develop robust computer vision methods to detect and track natural features in video images. Point and region features are automatically and adaptively selected for properties that lead to robust tracking. A multistage tracking algorithm produces accurate motion estimates, and the entire system operates in a closed-loop that stabilizes its performance and accuracy. We present demonstrations of the benefits of using tracked natural features for AR applications that illustrate direct scene annotation, pose stabilization, and extendible tracking range. Our system represents a step toward integrating vision with graphics to produce robust wide-area augmented realities.
Survival and long-term outcomes following bioprosthetic vs mechanical aortic valve replacement in patients aged 50 to 69 years.

RESULTS No differences in survival or stroke rates were observed in patients with bioprosthetic compared with mechanical valves. Actuarial 15-year survival was 60.6% (95% CI, 56.3%-64.9%) in the bioprosthesis group compared with 62.1% (95% CI, 58.2%-66.0%) in the mechanical prosthesis group (hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83-1.14]). The 15-year cumulative incidence of stroke was 7.7% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.7%) in the bioprosthesis group and 8.6% (95% CI, 6.2%-11.0%) in the mechanical prosthesis group (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.75-1.43). The 15-year cumulative incidence of reoperation was higher in the bioprosthesis group (12.1% [95% CI, 8.8%-15.4%] vs 6.9% [95% CI, 4.2%-9.6%]; hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.36-0.75]). The 15-year cumulative incidence of major bleeding was higher in the mechanical prosthesis group (13.0% [95% CI, 9.9%-16.1%] vs 6.6% [95% CI, 4.8%-8.4%]; hazard ratio, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.27-2.43]). The 30-day mortality rate was 18.7% after stroke, 9.0% after reoperation, and 13.2% after major bleeding. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among propensity-matched patients aged 50 to 69 years who underwent aortic valve replacement with bioprosthetic compared with mechanical valves, there was no significant difference in 15-year survival or stroke. Patients in the bioprosthetic valve group had a greater likelihood of reoperation but a lower likelihood of major bleeding. These findings suggest that bioprosthetic valves may be a reasonable choice in patients aged 50 to 69 years.
Compton scattering opacity

Abstract We show first that there is an error in the literature in the evaluation of the Compton scattering opacity; second, we compare the corrected values with the published ones and, third, we show that two commonly made approximations are inaccurate in the case of electron degeneracy.
Effect of interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitor on acute myelogenous leukemia progenitor proliferation

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) converting enzyme (ICE) is a cysteine protease that specifically cleaves precursor IL-1 beta to its biologically active form. Recent studies have also implicated ICE in the induction of apoptosis in vertebrate cells. Because IL-1 plays a major role in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blast proliferation, we sought to investigate the effect of ICE inhibition on AML progenitors. To do this, we used bocaspartyl (benzyl) chloromethylketone (BACMK) an inhibitor designed to penetrate cells and bind covalently to the active site of ICE. Our preliminary experiments showed that incubation of activated peripheral blood cells with 2.5 mumol/L of BAMCK downregulated production of mature IL-1 beta but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha. To test the effects of the inhibitor on AML cells, we first used the OCI/AML3 cell line. We found that these cells produce IL-1 beta and bind the biotinylated cytokine and that IL-1 inhibitors, such as IL-1 neutralizing antibodies, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble IL-1 receptors, specifically inhibit OCI/AML3 proliferation, indicating that IL-1 beta is an autocrine growth factor for OCI/AML3 cells. The ICE inhibitor suppressed OCI/AML3 growth in a dose-dependent manner (at 0.4 to 4 mumol/L) and downregulated mature IL- 1 beta production, as assessed by Western immunoblotting. Similar results were obtained with marrow aspirates from 16 AML patients. The ICE inhibitor suppressed proliferation of AML precursors (by up to 78%; mean, 44%) in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 5 mumol/L but not proliferation of normal marrow progenitors; the suppressive effect was reversed by IL-1 beta. Furthermore, incubation of AML cells with 4 mumol/L BAMCK downregulated the production of mature IL-1 beta, suggesting that the growth-inhibitory effect is mediated through suppression of the biologically active cytokine. Our data indicate that inhibition of ICE suppresses AML blast proliferation and suggest that ICE inhibitors may have a role in future therapies for AML.
The Impact of Corruption on State Asset Sales - Evidence from China

We document the under-pricing of state asset sales in China. Because these stakes were in partially privatized firms, there is a credible benchmark - the price of publicly traded shares - to measure the extent of under-pricing. On average, we find that blocks of government shares sell at a discount of more than 70 percent relative to tradable shares. Further, sellers that conceal their state ownership status (likely in order to elude regulatory scrutiny) sell at a further 5 percentage point discount. The impact on subsequent performance is negative - both profitability and investment fall after transfers. We also document patterns in the data consistent with increased tunneling after asset sales.
Doping Dependence of Local Hydrogen Motion in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

1H NMR dipolar echo measurements have been performed on a series of samples of phosphorus- and boron-doped a-Si:H. The dipolar echo sequence consists of three rf pulses followed by an echo in the form: (π/2)x − τ1 (π/4)y − τ2 − (π/4)y - echo. The echo height is plotted against τ2 and the slope yields the dipolar spm-lattice relaxation time (T1D). T1D is a measure of fluctuations in the local dipolar field surrounding each hydrogen atom in a-Si:H, and measurement of this quantity can be employed as a probe of hydrogen motion on a microscopic scale. The T1D measurements of 10−5 B-doped, 10−3 P-doped and undoped a-Si:H are compared to the previously measured T1D of 10−4 B-doped a-Si:H. The T1D values for 10−4 B-doped, 10−5 B-doped and undoped a-Si:H are, respectively, 1.7 ms, 11 ms and 22 ms at 300 K. The T1D for 10−3 P-doped is found to be the same as for 10−5 B-doped within experimental error. These trends are similar to the variation of the macroscopic diffusion of hydrogen with respect to various doping levels, but the details of the local motion are very different from those of the macroscopic diffusion.
The Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Unplanned Emergency Department Revisit Within 72 Hours

Study objective Language barriers are known to negatively affect many health outcomes among limited English proficiency patient populations, but little is known about the quality of care such patients receive in the emergency department (ED). This study seeks to determine whether limited English proficiency patients experience different quality of care than English-speaking patients in the ED, using unplanned revisit within 72 hours as a surrogate quality indicator. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an urban adult ED in 2012, with a total of 41,772 patients and 56,821 ED visits. We compared 2,943 limited English proficiency patients with 38,829 English-speaking patients presenting to the ED after excluding patients with psychiatric complaints, altered mental status, and nonverbal states, and those with more than 4 ED visits in 12 months. Two main outcomes—the risk of inpatient admission from the ED and risk of unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours—were measured with odds ratios from generalized estimating equation multivariate models. Results Limited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to be admitted (32.0% versus 27.2%; odds ratio [OR]=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.30). This association became nonsignificant after adjustments (OR=1.04; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.15). Included in the analysis of ED revisit within 72 hours were 32,857 patients with 45,546 ED visits; 4.2% of all patients (n=1,380) had at least 1 unplanned revisit. Limited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to have an unplanned revisit (5.0% versus 4.1%; OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45). This association persisted (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.53) after adjustment for potential confounders, including insurance status. Conclusion We found no difference in hospital admission rates between limited English proficiency patients and English-speaking patients. Yet limited English proficiency patients were 24% more likely to have an unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours, with an absolute difference of 0.9%, suggesting challenges in ED quality of care.
Profiling of Changes in Optical Fiber Stress and Refractive Index Due to Carbon-Dioxide Laser Irradiation

Independent measurements of the 2D refractive index and axial stress distributions in CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings are performed. Physical mechanisms of fabrication are evaluated for the first time by direct measurement.
A TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL EXPRESSING A NOVEL SINGLE-CHAIN ENZYME COMPLEX OF CYCLOOXYGENASE AND PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHASE EXHIBITS ROBUST RESISTANCE TO HEART DISEASE AND VASCULAR ASSAULT

The biosynthesis of prostanoids is induced by cyclooxygenase enzymes, which exist in two isoforms: housekeeping isoform COX-1, and the inducible isoform COX-2. COX acts to convert downstream arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandin G2, which is further converted into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) via
A constitutive model of nanocomposite hydrogels with nanoparticle crosslinkers

Abstract Nanocomposite hydrogels with only nanoparticle crosslinkers exhibit extraordinarily higher stretchability and toughness than the conventional organically crosslinked hydrogels, thus showing great potential in the applications of artificial muscles and cartilages. Despite their potential, the microscopic mechanics details underlying their mechanical performance have remained largely elusive. Here, we develop a constitutive model of the nanoparticle hydrogels to elucidate the microscopic mechanics behaviors, including the microarchitecture and evolution of the nanoparticle crosslinked polymer chains during the mechanical deformation. The constitutive model enables us to understand the Mullins effect of the nanocomposite hydrogels, and the effects of nanoparticle concentrations and sizes on their cyclic stress–strain behaviors. The theory is quantitatively validated by the tensile tests on a nanocomposite hydrogel with nanosilica crosslinkers. The theory can also be extended to explain the mechanical behaviors of existing hydrogels with nanoclay crosslinkers, and the necking instability of the composite hydrogels with both nanoparticle crosslinkers and organic crosslinkers. We expect that this constitutive model can be further exploited to reveal mechanics behaviors of novel particle-polymer chain interactions, and to design unprecedented hydrogels with both high stretchability and toughness.
A Technique for Generating Volumetric Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a techique to generate on-board volumetric cine-magnetic resonance imaging (VC-MRI) using patient prior images, motion modeling, and on-board 2-dimensional cine MRI. Methods and Materials One phase of a 4-dimensional MRI acquired during patient simulation is used as patient prior images. Three major respiratory deformation patterns of the patient are extracted from 4-dimensional MRI based on principal-component analysis. The on-board VC-MRI at any instant is considered as a deformation of the prior MRI. The deformation field is represented as a linear combination of the 3 major deformation patterns. The coefficients of the deformation patterns are solved by the data fidelity constraint using the acquired on-board single 2-dimensional cine MRI. The method was evaluated using both digital extended-cardiac torso (XCAT) simulation of lung cancer patients and MRI data from 4 real liver cancer patients. The accuracy of the estimated VC-MRI was quantitatively evaluated using volume-percent-difference (VPD), center-of-mass-shift (COMS), and target tracking errors. Effects of acquisition orientation, region-of-interest (ROI) selection, patient breathing pattern change, and noise on the estimation accuracy were also evaluated. Results Image subtraction of ground-truth with estimated on-board VC-MRI shows fewer differences than image subtraction of ground-truth with prior image. Agreement between normalized profiles in the estimated and ground-truth VC-MRI was achieved with less than 6% error for both XCAT and patient data. Among all XCAT scenarios, the VPD between ground-truth and estimated lesion volumes was, on average, 8.43 ± 1.52% and the COMS was, on average, 0.93 ± 0.58 mm across all time steps for estimation based on the ROI region in the sagittal cine images. Matching to ROI in the sagittal view achieved better accuracy when there was substantial breathing pattern change. The technique was robust against noise levels up to SNR=20. For patient data, average tracking errors were less than 2 mm in all directions for all patients. Conclusions Preliminary studies demonstrated the feasibility of generating real-time VC-MRI for on-board localization of moving targets in radiation therapy.
Regulation of Cl- permeability in normal and cystic fibrosis sweat duct cells

Reabsorptive cells of the human sweat gland normally exhibit a high basal Cl- permeability but are markedly impermeable to Cl- in cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined the possibility that the reduced ...
Effect of active immunization against estrogen on gonadotropin response to testosterone propionate treatment in ovariectomized pony mares.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether partial neutralization of estrogens via active immunization alters testosterone propionate (TP)-induced increases in FSH secretion after GnRH administration in ovariectomized pony mares. Twenty mares were used in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 5/group). Factor 1 was long-term active immunization against either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or estrone-17-oxime-BSA. Factor 2 was 11-d administration of either vehicle (vegetable oil) or TP (175 micrograms/kg BW). Plasma concentrations of FSH were not affected (P greater than .1) by either factor. As expected, the FSH response to exogenous GnRH was threefold greater (P less than .05) in BSA-immunized mares treated with TP than in BSA-immunized mares receiving oil. However, immunization against estrogens reduced (P less than .05) this TP-induced increase in FSH response by 52%. Plasma concentrations of LH were decreased (P less than .08) by TP; this effect was not altered (P greater than .1) by immunization against estrogen. The LH response to exogenous GnRH was not affected (P greater than .1) by either factor. We conclude that aromatization of testosterone to estrogen is partially responsible for the increased FSH response to exogenous GnRH in TP-treated mares. In contrast, suppression of LH concentrations by TP appears to involve only the androgenic effect of TP.
The Relationship between the Effectiveness of Production Factors and Business Performance in Agriculture

The effectiveness of production factors can be evaluated against several relations, which must always be understood as relations between output and input. The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between the effectiveness of production factors and business performance. One-factor productivity (more precisely labour productivity), total productivity (TFP)- on the basis of economic profit and Return on Assets (ROA) – the most synthetic indicator of profitability, were the applied indicators at approx. 820 agricultural enterprises. In the reference period (2004 – 2010) it was possible to describe the impact of the Czech Republic´s accession to the European Union on the selected agricultural enterprises. The agricultural enterprises system was further classified according to several criteria to verify the assumption that enterprises with higher efficiency of production factors have a higher Return on Assets (ROA).
Targeting the toxoplasma gondii apicoplast for chemotherapy

The apicoplast represents a potential drug target to combat Toxoplasma gondii infection, as it is essential to the parasite and absent from host cells. Functions of the apicoplast include fatty acids synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, electron transport, and heme biosynthesis. Each pathway and its potential for new chemotherapeutic leads will be discussed.
Enigmatic Elder Statesman,1950–62

Nearing his 57th birthday in early 1950, Alfred Xuma found himself at a crossroads. He had devoted the last nine years of his life to political leadership and now faced the prospect of readjusting to private life in a society dominated by apartheid. But the fallout from his ouster as ANC president kept his name in the headlines. Although seen as too conservative by the newly triumphant Congress Youth League, Xuma still enjoyed the admiration of a good many of his compatriots. ‘Whatever may be said against Dr Xuma’s leadership/ wrote J.H. Maswanganyi in a letter to the Bantu World, ‘the fact is that he has done quite well indeed, perhaps better than any of his predecessors.
Snaketown: 1964–1965

ABSTRACTThe 1964–1965 excavations at Snaketown have verified and augmented the results obtained by Gila Pueblo in 1934–1935. Numerous house floors, wells, pits, cremations, a crematory area, trash mounds, platform mounds and canals were located as well as an abundance of ceramic and artifactual material. There were limited excavations in adjacent Classic Period sites and canals. The analysis and description of all of these materials proceeds at the present time. It is expected that relationships with Mexican and other Southwestern groups will be clarified.
Accelerator test of an improved Angle Detecting Inclined Sensor (ADIS) prototype with beams of 78Kr and fragments

Abstract The measurement of cosmic rays and Solar energetic particles in space is basic to our understanding of the Galaxy, the Sun, phenomena in the heliosphere and the emerging field of space weather. For these reasons, cosmic ray instruments are common on both scientific spacecraft and operational spacecraft such as weather satellites. Cosmic rays and Solar energetic particles include ions over the full range of elements found in the Solar System. High-resolution measurements of the elemental and isotopic composition require the angle of incidence of these energetic ions be determined to correct for pathlength variation in detectors within an instrument. The Angle Detecting Inclined Sensor (ADIS) system is a simple detector configuration used to determine the angle of incidence of heavy ions in space instruments. ADIS replaces complex position sensing detectors (PSDs) with a system of simple, reliable and robust detectors inclined at an angle to the instrument axis. An ADIS instrument thus offers significant advantages in mass, power, telemetry and cost. In February 2008 an improved ADIS prototype was tested with a 150 MeV/u 78 Kr beam at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory's (NSCL) Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF). This demonstrated a charge resolution of σ~0.3 e at Kr (Z=36), an exceptional charge resolution for such a simple instrument system.
Continuance of protective security behavior

Previous research has established continuance models that explain and predict an individual's behaviors when engaged with hedonic or functional systems, or with other environments that provide productivity-enhancing outcomes. However, within the context of information security, these models are not applicable and fail to accurately assess the circumstances in which an individual engages in protective security behaviors beyond an initial adoption. This research addresses this gap and establishes a model for explaining an individual's continued engagement in protective security behaviors, which is a significant problem in securing enterprise information resources. Within this model, protection motivation theory (PMT) is considered an underlying theoretical motivation for continuance intention using constructs such as perceived threat severity, perceived threat susceptibility, self-efficacy, and response efficacy as direct antecedents of behavioral intents and indirect predictors of continuance behavior. Furthermore, the introduction of perceived extraneous circumstances is used to reconcile the "acceptance-discontinuance anomaly." A novel research methodology for measuring actual security behavior continuance was developed for this investigation. Experimental results indicate support for all of the proposed relationships, with the exception of response efficacy-continuance intent. Nearly half of the variance in the dependent variable, continuance behavior, was explained by the model. This is the first comprehensive empirical investigation of protective security behavior continuance intention. The findings have practical implications for security administrators and security technology solution providers, and they have theoretical ramifications in the area of behavioral information security and protection motivation theory. Investigated actual behavior in context of information security threatsCollected actual data over 9-week period (longitudinal data)Findings include PMT factors and "perceived extraneous circumstances" as behavioral antecedents.
q-Hypergeometric Functions and Heine’s Formula

For further study of infinite sums and infinite products we would like to introduce the hypergeometric series. A classical hypergeometric series is defined as follows.
Community health indicators associated with outcomes of pancreatectomy.

Abstract Purpose This study evaluates the association of environmental, social and health risk factors in relation to outcomes of pancreatic surgery. Methods Patients who underwent pancreatectomy with a 30 day postoperative follow up in Florida, New York and Washington states were identified using the State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 2010 to 2011. This data was merged with community health indicators complied from the County Health Ranking database. Fourteen community health indicators were used to determine higher risk communities. Communities were then divided into low and high risk communities based on a scoring system using accumulative community risk. Results Among 3494 patients included recipients in high-risk communities were more likely African American ( p p = 0.001), and had Medicaid as primary insurance ( p = 0.001). Management of patients in high-risk communities was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications ( p p p Conclusion Health indicators from patients' communities are predictors of increased risk of perioperative complications for individuals undergoing pancreas surgery. Synopsis Environmental, social and health risk factors are likely contributors to healthcare outcomes. This study compares post-operative outcomes for patients who underwent pancreatic resection based on community risk factors.
Transcriptomic insights into the genetic basis of mammalian limb diversity

From bat wings to whale flippers, limb diversification has been crucial to the evolutionary success of mammals. We performed the first transcriptome-wide study of limb development in multiple species to explore the hypothesis that mammalian limb diversification has proceeded through the differential expression of conserved shared genes, rather than by major changes to limb patterning. Specifically, we investigated the manner in which the expression of shared genes has evolved within and among mammalian species. We assembled and compared transcriptomes of bat, mouse, opossum, and pig fore- and hind limbs at the ridge, bud, and paddle stages of development. Results suggest that gene expression patterns exhibit larger variation among species during later than earlier stages of limb development, while within species results are more mixed. Consistent with the former, results also suggest that genes expressed at later developmental stages tend to have a younger evolutionary age than genes expressed at earlier stages. A suite of key limb-patterning genes was identified as being differentially expressed among the homologous limbs of all species. However, only a small subset of shared genes is differentially expressed in the fore- and hind limbs of all examined species. Similarly, a small subset of shared genes is differentially expressed within the fore- and hind limb of a single species and among the forelimbs of different species. Taken together, results of this study do not support the existence of a phylotypic period of limb development ending at chondrogenesis, but do support the hypothesis that the hierarchical nature of development translates into increasing variation among species as development progresses.
Icosahedral carboranes: Closo-CB11 clusters

The synthesis, structure, derivatization, and reactivities of the much-studied and widely utilized closo -monocarbadodecaborane anion and its substituted derivatives are described. Particular attention is directed to the robust character, high water solubility, and extremely low proton affinity of these carborane anions, whose very weak coordination toward cations in solution make them extremely useful in stabilizing highly electrophilic organic and inorganic species. This property has enabled the isolation of salts of hitherto nearly inaccessible ions such as R 3 Si + , protonated benzene, and C 60 +• among others.
Analysis of Legal and Ethical Issues for Data Analytic Service Providers in the Healthcare Industry

This paper will attempt to identify, predict and provide solutions for legal and ethical issues related to the relationship between healthcare providers and DASPs contracted by healthcare providers. First, the paper will attempt to explain “big data” in relation to its adoption in the healthcare industry, providing an overview of big data and including a brief explanation of big data uses in other industries. Second, we will explain the budding roles of DASPs in the healthcare industry. Third, the paper will explore hypothetical ethical and legal situations related to the inevitable relationship between healthcare providers and data analytics providers and attempt to provide solutions (both legal and ethical, where possible) for each scenario presented. And, finally, the paper will set forth some policy advice for DASPs planning to or considering participation in the healthcare sector. We present this analysis from two main premises. First, DASPs in healthcare should be held to a very high standard of ethical conduct for both security and individual data protection and privacy purposes. Second, that new or updated statutory language will be needed to properly protect individual data while simultaneously providing guidance to contracted DASPs working within the healthcare industry.
Public choice as political philosophy

Moral philosophy as it emerged from the Scottish Enlightenment spawned the social sciences in general and the field of political economy in particular. The latter field itself went on to splinter into two. James Buchanan, however, walked us back from our tendency to over-specialize and recovered the field of political economy as it was done in its classical heyday.
Chapter 22 Cortical blindness and visual anosognosia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses perception disorders, including the most severe acquired disorder of perception: cortical blindness. The cortically blind patient may be unable to perceive any visual stimulus or only have preserved rudimentary vision of light and shadows. Yet, some of these patients will deny their blindness and claim to be able to see (Anton's syndrome or visual anosognosia). Anosognosia of the visual deficit is also seen in hemianopic subjects (hemianopic anosognosia). In the current scheme of visual processing, cortical blindness is predicted when both primary visual cortices are disabled either because they are destroyed or because they are disconnected from the extrastriate visual areas. These issues are complex and relate to the difficult problem of brain and mind. To quote Zeki, “The study of the visual system is a profoundly philosophical enterprise; it entails an inquiry into how the brain acquires knowledge of the external word, which is no simple matter.”
Introduction to Electrically Assisted Forming

Electrically assisted forming (EAF) is a recently introduced metal-forming technique capable of enhancing a metal’s formability during deformation and reducing springback after deformation.
Brucella Infections and Immunity

Brucellosis, caused by several species of Gram-negative intracellular bacteria in the genus Brucella, is a zoonotic disease that has a significant impact on both human and animal health worldwide.1 Animal species infected include companion (dogs) and agricultural species (sheep, cattle, swine, camels, and water buffalo) as well as wildlife (bison, elk, caribou, and African buffalo).2,3 Brucella spp. infective for humans in order of virulence are B. melitensis, whose primary hosts are sheep and goats; B. suis, whose primary host is swine; B. abortus, whose primary host is cattle; and B. canis, whose primary host is dogs. The first three species are classified as “smooth” organisms based upon the length of their lipopolysaccharide O -side chains, while B. canis is a naturally occurring “rough” strain. Although the severity of disease is variable, ranging from lethal to subclinical in humans, in most cases the brucellae establish long-term parasitic relationships with their hosts whether human or animal. Survival and replication of brucellae in macrophages is critical to the maintenance of these chronic infections4,5 and our current understanding of this process is the primary focus of this chapter.
The Impact of User Characteristics, Instructor Availability, and Pre-training Interventions on eLearning Outcomes

Internet based e-learning courses has the potential to become a key tool for knowledge dissemination, particularly for delivering Information Technology (IT) courses. The objective of the current study is to understand whether learner characteristics, instructor availability, and pre-training intervention influence the learning outcomes of e-learning based courses on IT. Using Social Cognitive Theory as a foundation, we study the role of individual learner characteristics such as, ability to self-regulate learning, and computer self-efficacy in impacting learning outcomes. We conducted two pilot studies and found some support for our premise. Currently, data is being collected for the complete study and these results will be presented at the conference.
The No-Wait Flow Shop

After describing some real-world examples of flow shops with no waiting, we demonstrate the equivalence of no-wait and blocking in the shop with m = 2. For the no-wait shop, some research is available on the flow time objective while the majority of research focuses on the makespan objective. Hence, we start with a detailed discussion of an O(n log n) algorithm for F2|nwt|C max. For the makespan objective and m > 2 machines, we present a plethora of polynomially solvable special cases of the problem. Most interesting is the case with semi-ordered processing time matrices. In this case, a so called pyramidal schedule provides an optimal solution in O(n 2) time. Heuristic algorithms for m > 2 and the makespan objective show that the problem is intimately related to the traveling salesman problem. We survey the state of the art on metaheuristics. The problem is analyzed in the presence of lot streaming, with separable setup and teardown times, and in assemblytype and hybrid flow shops.
Student Perceptions of the Importance of Athletic Teams in Creating Soft Skills: The Case of Rodeo

Being a collegiate student athlete is known to be more difficult and hindering on grade point averages then being the typical full-time student. However, it is also thought that being a part of a team can help improve communication skills and thus, assist in receiving a job or simply be more organized in life’s day to day activities. This study surveyed alumni and current members of the University of Tennessee at Martin Rodeo Team on their views of how being a student athlete affected their college experience. In this survey, 77 participants were asked questions about the social, academic, and athletic views on being a student athlete at the University of Tennessee at Martin. Another extension to this survey is to show the positive and/or negative effects athletic teams bring a university. This survey questioned athletes on why they chose the university and if they if they perceived being part of the team helped them succeed in future careers. The study gave insight on how student athletes experience college and how universities can help improve the student athlete experience. The study revealed that rodeo had a positive impact on student time management skills and ability to work with others. Results show that a majority of survey participants had a positive and valuable experience being a student athlete at the University of Tennessee at Martin.
Access to What

The access-to-justice crisis is bigger than law and lawyers. It is a crisis of exclusion and inequality. Today, access to justice is restricted: only some people, and only some kinds of justice pro...
Social Feedback Modulates Neural Response Associated With Cognitive Bias in Individuals Expressing Anxious Symptoms.

BackgroundSocial anxiety is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes and consequences before, during, and after interpersonal interactions with social partner...
Implications of two different methods for analyzing total dietary fiber in foods for food composition databases

Abstract Since 1989, total dietary fiber values in USDA databases were determined by the enzymatic-gravimetric (EGF) method (AOAC 991.43), where “fiber” is the residue remaining after samples are subjected to enzymatic treatments mimicking digestion. In 2009 EGF was modified to recover additional non-digestible components (e.g., galacto/fructo-oligosaccharides, polydextrose, resistant starch) (AOAC 2009.01, 2011.25) (mEGF). Limited mEGF data and high cost create a need to identify suitable foods for analysis. USDA’s National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program sampled suitable foods for analysis by EGF and mEGF. No detectable difference between EGF and mEGF was found in almonds, wheat bread, oatmeal cookies, tortilla chips, taco shells, kale, fast food French fries, or cooked dried pulses. mEGF exceeded EGF in uncooked dried pulses (5.4–10.5 g/100 g), raw potatoes (13.7 g/100 g), and cooked plantains (3.1 g/100 g), and slightly higher (0.7–2.2 g/100 g) in hummus, canned refried beans, prepared wild rice mix, and frozen raspberry berries, concentrate, and puree. Statistical power was hindered by high analytical uncertainty, especially for mEGF (up to 33% RSD), likely due to cumulative errors in the multiple steps comprising mEGF. mEGF analyses should focus on foods containing significant levels of fiber components not included in EGF, and reporting individual, particularly metabolically active, fiber components.
Heat-related knowledge, perceptions, and barriers among oil spill cleanup responders

Abstract Despite increased risk for heat-related illnesses (HRI) among oil spill cleanup responders, little research has examined factors related to the issue. This study assessed occupational heat-related knowledge, perceptions, and barriers among responders during cleanup activities. A total of 65 responders completed an online survey which examined occupational heat stress during cleanup activities. Of the respondents, most had 25 or more years’ experience, worked for companies with 19 or fewer employees, were not classified as safety and health professionals, had a Bachelor’s degree or higher, and worked in the northern or central regions of the United States. While most respondents were knowledgeable of heat stress, the items in which respondents were least knowledgeable were: identifying the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke, the appropriate use of salt tablets, the effects of air conditioning on acclimatization, and previous heat-related illness (HRI) as a risk factor. For knowledge of heat stress, there was a significant difference in the employment classification scores for non-safety and health professionals and safety and health professionals. Respondents reported that they tended to perceive that heat stress can be severe and that HRI’s may affect workers. Regarding self-efficacy, most respondents felt confident in contacting emergency medical services for HRI, recognizing signs and symptoms of HRI, and knowing what to do if a coworker became ill. Oil spill cleanup responders are at high risk for HRI, injury, and death and findings illustrate the need to improve heat stress knowledge within training programs with emphasis on non-professionals.
Evaluation of a School Campaign to Reduce Hatred

Combating violent extremism can involve organizing Peer-to-Peer (P2P) preventing violent extremism (PVE) programs and campaigns. In recent years, hundreds of school campaigns have been launched around the world but very few have been evaluated. In this manuscript, we present the results of the evaluation of one of these initiatives. Study objectives consisted of: 1) Assessing the impact of the campaign in increasing students’ exposure to messages of acceptance and decreasing exposure to hate messages in the school environment, 2) Assess the impact of the campaign in improving students’ attitudes towards ethnocultural diversity. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with control groups. The study was implemented in Utah in schools of 8th and 9th-grade levels. Two schools were identified as campaign implementation sites, and two schools of similar socio-economic and ethnocultural characteristics were identified as the control sites. We utilized univariate and multivariate regression analysis to assess changes in students’ exposure to hate messages and attitudes towards ethnocultural diversity. Our study findings can be useful for the development of future campaigns and educational programs as they highlight the importance of ethnocultural empathic awareness in improving students’ attitudes regarding ethnocultural diversity.