cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empowering managers: enhancing the performance of protected area tourism managers in the twenty-first century.

The role of tourism and visitation in parks and protected areas has accelerated in the past quarter century and will continue to do so, not only because of increased travel activity but also because of the emphasis it receives as a strategy to assist local economic development and as a source of financing for biodiversity protection. Yet, managers are poorly prepared to manage tourism to meet biodiversity and visitor experiences objectives. Enhancing professional competencies is an often argued approach for more effective management, but focusing on competencies alone while raising capacity is not sufficient to improve performance. Here, we suggest managers need greater awareness and opportunity to exercise those competencies and to perform at a higher level. In this paper, we show how insights from women's empowerment theory can enable male and female managers to respond to complex and dynamic natural resource and tourism challenges by presenting a framework for enhancing awareness and expanding managers...
Orthogonally tunable solid-state nanopore modifications for improved biosensing

Advances in biosensor sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility are required for the development of next generation diagnostic tools. Solid-state nanopores consisting of sub-10 nm in diameter pores drilled into an insulating material show promise as single-molecule biosensors for detecting both nucleic acid and protein targets. However, this technology is limited by rapid analyte translocation speeds and complex and/or inconsistent device assemblies. To address these limitations, we have developed two orthogonally tunable solid-state nanopore modifications which slow nucleic acid translocation speeds and streamline device assembly and manipulation through the use of a 3-dimensional polymeric nanofiber mesh (NFM) coating and the development of a novel microfluidic device, respectively. A range of translocation speeds from 1x to >100x slower than a bare nanopore were achieved by tuning the chemical composition of the NFM coating. In addition, a microfluidic device was designed to streamline nanopore assembly enabling facile integration of both sample purification protocols and single-molecule detection using optical and electronic readouts simultaneously.
Keynes's critiques of Moore: philosophical foundations of Keynes's economics

This paper analyzes three of John Maynard Keynes's unpublished apostles papers, "Ethics in Relation to Conduct," "Miscellanea Ethica," and "Egoism," and the philosophical discussion in the first chapters of the Treatise on Probability. It argues that Keynes's philosophical development before and in the Treatise can be understood as an effort to make sense of the concept of intuition. Specifically, it is argued that Keynes abandoned a two-fold view of intuition in the early papers for a two-tier epistimology of acquaintance and knowledge in the Treatise, only to return to the two-fold view later in The General Theory. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.
Arterial cross compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in trigeminal neuralgia: Case report with autopsy findings

✓ The autopsy findings in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia who died from unrelated causes are presented. Arterial cross compression of the appropriate trigeminal nerve at the pons was demonstrated. The relationship of arterial cross compression to trigeminal neuralgia is briefly discussed.
Preserved for the afterlife

Ancient Egyptians used sophisticated combinations of natural substances to embalm the human body. Over time, they modified their recipes to balance quality of preservation with cost and availability of materials.
Sexual Coercion: Men Victimized by Women:

A 12-item inventory designed to assess mild, moderate, and severe forms of sexual coercion was administered to an ethnically diverse sample of 182 college men at California State University, Long B...
Factors affecting lysine degradation by ruminal fusobacteria

Fusobacterium necrophorum can readily be enriched from the rumen with lysine, and its deamination rate is very rapid. The addition of F. necrophorum JB2 to mixed ruminal bacteria significantly increased lysine degradation, but only if the ratio of ruminal fluid to basal medium was less than 25%. If more ruminal fluid (pH 6.1) was added, ammonia production decreased by as much as 80%. Clarified, autoclaved ruminal fluid was also inhibitory. When F. necrophorum JB2 was grown in a lysine-limited continuous culture (0.1 h−1 dilution rate) and pH was decreased using HCl, optical density decreased linearly, and the culture washed out at pH 5.6. Batch cultures of F. necrophorum JB2 deaminated as much lysine at pH 6.1 as at pH 6.6, but only if fermentation acids were not present. Sodium acetate (100 mM) had little effect at pH 6.6, but the same concentration inhibited ammonia production by 80% at pH 6.1. The idea that fermentation acids could prevent the enrichment of fusobacteria in vivo was supported by the observation that dietary lysine supplementation did not enhance the lysine deamination rate of the mixed ruminal bacteria.
Predictors of missed appointments in prospective hand surgery research

Background Missed research appointments may bias the outcome of prospective clinical trials if the participants that miss appointments differ in important ways from those that do not. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of missed research appointments in patients enrolled in clinical trials.
Atypical mediastinal lipomatosis

We present an elderly, non-obese male with no significant medical history who presented with dyspnea on exertion. Chest radiography showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette with a retrocardiac shadow of increased lucency, resulting in a "double contour" effect. Transthoracic echocardiography raised the suspicion of a diffuse fatty infiltration in the pericardium severely distorting the left atrium. This was later confirmed on computed tomography of the chest by measuring radiodensity in Hounsfield units. The serum cortisol level ordered later was normal. To the authors' knowledge, this is only the second reported case of mediastinal lipomatosis that occurred in the absence of endogenous or exogenous steroid excess or obesity, with diffuse fatty infiltration, suspected on chest radiography and transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by computed tomography of the chest.
Cytogenetics of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Abstract Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) is a dominantly inheritable neoplasm derived from intrathyroid C cells. The cytogenetics of this tumor has been only sparsely and indirectly studied previously. This article describes the chromosomes of primary MCT tumor tissue cultured with colcemid for 48 hr, metastatic tumor in lymph node cultured for 7 days from the same patient, and of primary tumor tissue cultured for 3 weeks from a second patient. The modal numbers were 42–44 in all 3 specimens. Karyotypes from the metastastic tumor were similar to those of the primary tumor. Karyotypes of the two primary tumors, however, differed from each other, having in common only the modal numbers and the loss or structural alteration of a #22.
Thin film fracture: Ti-coating-Be-substrate bond failure

The role of microstructure in the fracture of the bond between vapour-deposited thin film coatings and substrates will be modelled to a first approximation using classical fracture mechanics principles. Vapour-deposited coatings are composed of a grain structure with varying orientations. The effect of differing degrees of texture on the bond strength between the coating and its substrate will be considered in this analysis. Incorporated in stress calculations will be the residual stresses arising from the thermal contraction of the coating, an applied tensile stress normal to the coating surface (as that in an adherence pull test) and the critical stress needed for coating-substrate bond failure.
Designing light responsive bistable arches for rapid, remotely triggered actuation

Light responsive azobenzene functionalized polymer networks enjoy several advantages as actuator candidates including the ability to be remotely triggered and the capacity for highly tunable control via light intensity, polarization, wavelength and material alignments. One signi cant challenge hindering these materials from being employed in applications is their often relatively slow actuation rates and low power densities, especially in the absence of photo-thermal e ects. One well known strategy employed in nature for increasing actuation rate and power output is the storage and quick release of elastic energy (e.g., the Venus ytrap). Using nature as inspiration we have conducted a series of experiments and developed an equilibrium mechanics model for investigating remotely triggered snap-through of bistable light responsive arches made from glassy azobenzene functionalized polymers. After brie y discussing experimental observations we consider in detail a geometrically exact, planar rod model of photomechanical snap-through. Theoretical energy release characteristics and unique strain eld pro les provide insight toward design strategies for improved actuator performance. The bistable light responsive arches presented here are potentially a powerful option for remotely triggered, rapid motion from apparently passive structures in applications such as binary optical switches and positioners, surfaces with morphing topologies, and impulse locomotion in micro or millimeter scale robotics.
Flux Line Lattice melting and the Lindemann ratio

Abstract The dynamics and stability of the Flux Line Lattice to thermal vibration in High Tc and conventional superconductors is evaluated. As temperature or magnetic field is increased, the FLL eventually becomes unstable to vibration. This instability provides an upper limit to FLL melting. We find that the Lindemann ratio varies greatly (by a factor of 100) from material to material and is not a constant at melting.
COMMENTS ON THE SURVEY BY BALAKRISHNAN AND ZHAO

N. Balakrishnan and Peng Zhao have prepared an outstanding survey of recent results that stochastically compare various order statistics and some ranges based on two collections of independent heterogeneous random variables. Their survey focuses on results for heterogeneous exponential random variables and their extensions to random variables with proportional hazard rates. In addition, some results that stochastically compare order statistics based on heterogeneous gamma, Weibull, geometric, and negative binomial random variables are also given. In particular, the authors of have listed some stochastic comparisons that are based on one heterogeneous collection of random variables, and one homogeneous collection of random variables. Personally, I find these types of comparisons to be quite fascinating. Balakrishnan and Zhao have done a thorough job of listing all the known results of this kind.
Intimacy and structure: Sex differences in imagery of same-sex relationships

Thirty-three female and 42 male undergraduates wrote stories in response to verbal Thematic Apperception Test cues of characters of the subject's sex in structured and unstructured situations. Significantly more men than women wrote stories with negative and defused imagery to the unstructured situation cue. In addition, men wrote stories with significantly more negative and defused imagery to the unstructured cue than to the structured cue. Women showed no significant difference in the frequency of negative and defused imagery to unstructured and structured cues. A detailed content analysis, however, indicated that for women structure decreases intimate contact and inhibits satisfying relationships of support and reciprocity. Results suggest that males, perceiving same-sex relationships as dangerous, feel threatened by intimacy, and thus need to impose structure onto interpersonal situations in order to defuse the intimacy: by using rules, roles, and the addition of others, boundaries may be established between people. Women, comfortable with same-sex intimacy, perceive structured situations as hindering the development of satisfying relationships.
The Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist: A Psychometric Evaluation

The Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC) assesses supportive and non-supportive parental behavior specific to diabetes management via parent and child reports. The DFBC was administered to 133 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers. Subsequent analysis verified the two-factor structure of the DFBC corresponding to positive and negative support behaviors. Internal consistency was high for DFBC scores. Moderate to strong correlations with other measures of diabetes-specific familial behaviors, adherence, and metabolic control support the validity of the DFBC. Clinical application of the DFBC is discussed.
Law, legislation, and local minima: Solving a problem in Hayek’s theory of common law judging, with historical examples

Friedrich Hayek’s Law, Legislation, and Liberty noted a problem in the common law system: Sometimes, following judicial precedent would lead to unforeseen bad outcomes over time. No judge can anticipate all possible implications of a precedent-setting decision, and sometimes later judges, bound by precedent, will be forced despite themselves to elaborate the law in ever more inefficient or unjust ways. Hayek proposed that one role of the legislator was to correct such “dead ends” in the common law. This paper proposes that judges working within the constraints of the common law and given only the tools Hayek himself allowed them are capable of escaping such binds on their own. It uses historical examples from the era of coverture to support this claim. Not only were judges willing to identify exceptions to coverture, these exceptions helped pave the way for coverture’s eventual abolition. This process is examined and found to be otherwise consonant with Hayek’s larger theory of the common law as a rule-finding process.
Nek1 kinase associates with ATR–ATRIP and primes ATR for efficient DNA damage signaling

The master checkpoint kinase ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) and its partner ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein) exist as a complex and function together in the DNA damage response. Unexpectedly, we found that the stability of the ATR–ATRIP complex is regulated by an unknown kinase independently of DNA damage. In search for this regulator of ATR–ATRIP, we found that a single member of the NIMA (never in mitosis A)-related kinase family, Nek1, is critical for initiating the ATR response. Upon DNA damage, cells lacking Nek1 failed to efficiently phosphorylate multiple ATR substrates and support ATR autophosphorylation at threnine 1989, one of the earliest events during the ATR response. The ability of Nek1 to promote ATR activation relies on the kinase activity of Nek1 and its interaction with ATR–ATRIP. Importantly, even in undamaged cells, Nek1 is required for maintaining the levels of ATRIP, the association between ATR and ATRIP, and the basal kinase activity of ATR. Thus, as an ATR-associated kinase, Nek1, enhances the stability and activity of ATR–ATRIP before DNA damage, priming ATR–ATRIP for a robust DNA damage response.
John McCone and the Cuban missile crisis: A persistent approach to the intelligence‐policy relationship

(1988). John McCone and the Cuban missile crisis: A persistent approach to the intelligence‐policy relationship. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 547-576.
Growth hormone in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus of juvenile or adult onset under treatment with insulin is characterized by higher serum growth hormone levels prior to and during disposal of an oral glucose load. The possible role of such growth hormone excesses in diabetic microangiopathy is discussed.
Dynamic properties of blood flow and leukocyte mobilization in infected flaps

Two aspects of the inflammatory response to infection--blood flow alteration and leukocyte mobilization--are investigated in the canine model. The elevation of paired musculocutaneous (MC) and random pattern (RP) flaps allowed comparison of healing flaps with significant differences in blood flow (lower in random pattern flaps) and resistance to infection (greater in musculocutaneous flaps). Blood flow changes as determined by radioactive xenon washout were compared in normal skin and distal flap skin both after elevation and following bacterial inoculation. Simultaneous use of In-111 labeled leukocytes allowed determination of leukocyte mobilization and subsequent localization in response to flap infection. Blood flow significantly improved in the musculocutaneous flap in response to infection. Although total leukocyte mobilization in the random pattern flap was greater, the leukocytes in the musculocutaneous flap were localized around the site of bacterial inoculation within the dermis. Differences in the dynamic blood flow and leukocyte mobilization may, in part, explain the greater reliability of musculocutaneous flaps when transposed in the presence of infection.
Effect of adrenaline on neurofibril formation in adult mammalian cortical neurones in tissue culture.

IN recent experiments, the addition of adrenaline (0.001–0.005 µgm./ml.) to in vitro cultures or subcultures of adult mammalian cerebral cortex invariably caused the appearance of neurofibrils in the neurones within 30–90 min. The formation of neurofibrils was recorded, with phase-contrast time-lapse photomicrography, on the living neurones.
What do persons with mental illnesses need to quit smoking? Mental health consumer and provider perspectives.

Objectives: Forty-one percent (41%) of persons in the U.S. who reported having recent mental illnesses also smoke cigarettes. Tobacco use among this population is associated with up to 25 less years of life and excess medical comorbidity com- pared to the general population. While research demonstrates that tobacco inter- ventions can be effective for persons with mental illnesses, they are not common- ly utilized in clinical practice. The current study explored how to adapt evidence- based tobacco cessation interventions to meet the unique physiological, psycho- logical, and social challenges facing persons with mental illnesses. Methods: Ten focus groups were conducted utilizing a semi-structured discussion; 5 for adult mental health consumers (n = 62) and 5 with mental health clinicians and admin- istrators (n = 22). Content analysis was used to organize themes into categories. Results: Five thematic categories were found: (1) Barriers to treatment, (2) Resources and infrastructure, (3) Negative influences on smoking behavior, (4) Knowledge deficits, and (5) Treatment needs. Conclusions: These findings are instructive in developing appropriate tobacco cessation services for this popula- tion. Specifically, these data have been incorporated into a mental health provider toolkit for smoking cessation and have informed the development of a tobacco cessation intervention study.
Myelin contains neutral sphingomyelinase activity that is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α

Purified myelin from mouse brain was found to contain two forms of neutral sphingomyelinase, one Mg2+ dependent and the other Mg2+ independent. The former had a pH optimum of 7.5 and Km of 0.35 mM, whereas the corresponding values for the latter were pH 8.0 and Km 3.03 mM. Specific activity of the Mg2+-dependent enzyme showed a rostral-caudal gradient, ranging from 75 nmol/mg protein/hr in myelin from cerebral hemispheres to 21 nmol/mg protein/hr in myelin from spinal cord. Relative specific activity was approximately 20% that of brain stem or cerebral hemisphere homogenate. Treatment of myelin with taurocholate or high salt concentration did not significantly reduce activity of the Mg2+-dependent enzyme. The activity of that enzyme did not change with time or in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors; by contrast, that of the Mg2+-independent enzyme decreased sharply in the absence of protease inhibitors but rose in their presence. To test for the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) on myelin sphingomyelinase, mouse brain myelin was labeled in vivo by intracerebral injection of [3H]acetate into 18–20-day-old mice. After 40 hr, brain stems were removed, minced, and treated with TNFα in Krebs-Ringer solution, after which myelin was immediately isolated. Separation and counting of individual lipids revealed TNFα treatment to cause increased labeling of myelin ceramide and cholesterol ester with concomitant decrease in myelin sphingomyelin. Western blotting of myelin proteins using antibodies to the two TNFα receptors as probes revealed the presence of the p75 receptor. Implications of these findings in relation to possible mechanisms of autoimmune demyelination are discussed. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:466–476, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Review article: esomeprazole, 40 mg once daily, compared with lansoprazole, 30 mg once daily, in healing and symptom resolution of erosive oesophagitis

Summary Background : Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective agents for treating erosive oesophagitis, but their relative efficacies have not been well characterized in large clinical trials. Aim : To compare standard doses of esomeprazole and lansoprazole in healing oesophagitis and resolving accompanying symptoms. Methods : This was a US, multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial and included 5241 adult patients (intention-to-treat) with endoscopically documented erosive oesophagitis. Patients were randomized to esomeprazole, 40 mg once daily, or lansoprazole, 30 mg once daily, for up to 8 weeks. The primary end-point, endoscopic healing at Week 8, was assessed using life-table analysis and a log-rank test. Secondary endpoints included healing at Week 4, healing according to baseline severity of oesophagitis, control of heartburn and side-effects. Results : Healing rates were 92.6% with esomeprazole and 88.8% with lansoprazole at Week 8 (P = 0.0001, log-rank test). A significant difference was also observed at Week 4. Sustained resolution of heartburn occurred faster and in a larger proportion of patients treated with esomeprazole. Both agents were well tolerated. Conclusions : Esomeprazole produced significantly higher oesophagitis healing rates than lansoprazole over all grades of oesophagitis. Esomeprazole also provided better control of heartburn and was associated with a greater proportion of patients with sustained resolution of symptoms.
Evaluation of a real-time fluorescent PCR assay for rapid detection of Group B Streptococci in neonatal blood.

Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus: GBS) is the major causative agent of neonatal sepsis. Neonates at risk for GBS infections are empirically administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for at least 48 h pending blood culture results. A rapid assay to expedite detection of GBS would facilitate initiation of specific antibiotic therapy. Conversely, expeditious proof of absence of infection will avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. Using the LightCycler™, we evaluated a hybridization probe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect GBS-specific cfb gene target DNA sequence in blood specimens. Both sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR assay was 100%. The assay demonstrated 100% specificity when tested against 26 non-GBS bacteria. This method is capable of detecting as few as ∼100 copies or 10 pg of GBS genomic DNA. This real-time PCR method is rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of GBS in neonatal blood samples and holds great promise in its utility in the diagnostic laboratory.
RISK‐BASED MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION‐MAKING IN PROPERTY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

. Determining best management systems for properties and evaluating their sustainability at the watershed scale are useful and important aspects of integrated watershed management. Multiattribute decision-making (MADM) is very useful for modeling the selection of best management systems for properties in a watershed. This paper reviews four MADM approaches including utility theory, surrogate worth tradeoff, free iterative search and stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDWF). Emphasis is on determining how the first three methods could be used to determine the best (most preferred) combinations of attributes and associated management systems for a property. An application of the expected utility method with risk neutral preferences is presented in which farmer's preferences for five attributes are used to rank five farming systems for an agricultural watershed in Missouri. A framework is presented for assessing the sustainability of the best management systems for all properties in a watershed and the cost-effectiveness of policies for enhancing sustainable resource management at the watershed scale.
Sea-surface NRCS observations in high winds at low incidence angles

We report on airborne measurements of the sea-surface normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) at incidence angles of approximately 22° obtained at both C-band and Ku-band in high-wind (> 25ms−1) conditions. Measurements obtained over numerous research flights through tropical cyclones and high-latitude winter storms between 2011 and 2014 are composited to yield geophysical model functions in rain-free conditions. The present observations extend the results of [1], who reported high-wind NRCS for incidence angles from 30° to 50°, to a smaller incidence angle. Saturation of the mean NRCS is observed at both frequencies. In some cases the NRCS is observed to decrease with increasing wind speed beyond the saturation. The results have implications for planned and future scatterometers aiming to increase the observed swath width by extending the range of incidence angles.
Direct synthesis of nanostructured V2O5 films using solution plasma spray approach for lithium battery applications

We demonstrate for the first time, the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide (V{sub 2}O{sub 5}) nanoparticles and nanorods in the films using a high throughput solution plasma spray deposition approach. The scalable plasma spray method enables the direct deposition of large area nanostructured films of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} with controllable particle size and morphology. In this approach, the solution precursors (vanadium oxychloride and ammonium metavanadate) were injected externally into the plasma jet, which atomizes and pyrolyzes the precursors in-flight, resulting in the desired films on the current collectors. The microstructure analysis of the as synthesized films revealed pure nanocrystalline phase for V{sub 2}O{sub 5} with particles in the size range of 20-50 nm. The V{sub 2}O{sub 5} film based electrodes showed stable reversible discharge capacity in the range of 200-250 mAh g{sup -1} when cycled in the voltage window 2-4 V. We further discuss the mechanism for controlling the particle growth and morphology, and also the optimization of reversible lithium storage capacity. The nanorods of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} formed after the anneal treatment also show reversible storage capacity indicative of the potential use of such film based electrodes for energy storage.
Brief paper: Analysis of feedback-loop interactions with actuator and sensor parasitics

Feedback system design is often simplified by neglecting sensor and actuator dynamics. It is of practical importance to investigate the effects of such 'parasitics', especially when feedback gain is high. In this paper, we employ singular perturbations to model and analyze the interaction of sensor-actuator dynamics with the fast modes created by high feedback gain.
Experiments in Best-Effort Multimedia Networking for a Distributed Virtual Environment

Until there is greater consensus on proposals for realizing better-than-best-effort services on the Internet, developers of multimedia and distributed virtual environment applications must rely on best-effort media adaptations to ameliorate the effects of network congestion. We present the results of a study on the use of adaptations originally developed for audio and video applications for the data-flows generated by the UNC nanoManipulator. The nanoManipulator is a virtual environment interface to a scanned-probe microscope that has been used by scientists as a tool for basic research in the material and biological sciences. We are building a distributed version of the system for operation over the Internet and are investigating media adaptations for realizing application performance requirements. The results of early experiments with audio and video-centric media adaptations applied to the flows generated by a microscope and a haptic force feedback device are promising. A simple forward error correction scheme provides good recovery from packet loss and an elastic display-queue management scheme limits the impact of delay- jitter and results in more continuous playout of media samples. These preliminary results provide evidence that a sophisticated virtual environment interface can operate over modest distances over the Internet to control a remote microscope in real-time.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Developments in FDTD as applied to photonics

The capabilities and limitations of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for modeling nanophotonic and plasmonic devices are reviewed. Straightforward modifications which can extend these capabilities and finesse limitations are discussed.
Electrical impedance analysis of cell growth using a parallel RC circuit model

For label-free and real-time monitoring of cells during growth, the electrical impedance of cell-covered electrodes was measured and analysed by an equivalent parallel-RC circuit model. The impedance of a cell-layer model was simulated in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz at different cell sizes and cell-cell gaps by using finite element method to understand how morphological changes of cells affect the impedance of the cell-layer. The simulated impedance of the cell-layer could be represented by a parallel-connected capacitance and resistance at frequencies below 10 kHz but not at frequencies higher than 10 kHz. The capacitance and resistance of the celllayer were dependent on cell size and cell-cell gap. The impedance analysis of cells with the equivalent RC circuit model was proper to characterize the extracellular information and to estimate changes in cell size and cell-cell gap.
Cross-generalization of an EtOH "hangover" cue to endogenously and exogenously induced stimuli.

Abstract Twenty male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained in a two-choice food-reinforced drug discrimination task (10 min sessions) using the state-dependent interoceptive stimulus attributes of ethanol's (EtOH) delayed or rebound effects (EDE) versus “normal” basal homeostasis. Cross-generalization tests were conducted with 0.18 mg/kg naloxone injected after three days of three injections per day of either SAL or 10 mg/kg morphine. Naloxone failed to generalize to the EDE-state after chronic saline; however, the precipitated morphine withdrawal state produced complete generalization to the EDE training cue. Daily tests were conducted after 8 h photoperiod phase-shifts. An 8 h phase-advance, equivalent to a west-to-east intercontinental night-time flight in humans, produced a biphasic, graded, increase in EDE-appropriate responding, which peaked on the second day after the phase-advance and recovered by the fourth day. The 8 h phase-delays failed to engender significant EDE-appropriate responding. These data provide evidence for the subjective similarity between EtOH hangover, opiate withdrawal states, and the physiological disruption induced by circadian phase-advances.
Positron annihilation in helium.

The modified adiabatic scattering function previously used to compute phase shifts for positron-helium scattering below the positronium threshold is applied to the problem of annihilation in helium. A large enhancement factor relative to the Dirac rate is found, varying with energy from 2.30 to 3.16. The probability of finding the spectator electron in states of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ion other than the ground state is computed and found to be small but probably observable.
Controller Design for a Force-Reflecting Teleoperator System With Kinematically Dissimilar Master and Slave

The purpose of this paper is to develop a controller for a force-reflecting teleoperator system having kinematically dissimilar master and slave. The controller is a stiffness controller for both the master and the slave. A mathematical problem associated with representing orientations using Euler angles is described, and Euler parameters are proposed as a solution. The basic properties of Euler parameters are presented, specifically those pertaining to stiffness control. The stiffness controller for both the master and the slave is formulated using Euler parameters to represent orientation and a Liapunov stability proof is presented for the controller. The master portion of the control scheme is implemented on a 6-degree-of-freedom master. 22 refs., 6 figs.
An exploration of sex-specific linkage disequilibrium on chromosome X in Caucasians from the COGA study

This paper explores the decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) on the autosomes and chromosome X. The extent of marker-marker LD is important for both linkage and association studies. The analysis of the Caucasian sample from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism study revealed the expected negative relationship between the magnitude of the marker-marker LD and distance (cM), with the male and female subgroups exhibiting similar patterns of LD. The observed extent of LD in females was less across the pseudoautosomal markers relative to the heterosomal region of chromosome X. Marked differences in LD patterns were also observed between chromosomes X and the 22 autosomes in both males and females.
Recent sedimentary histories of shallow lakes in the guatemalan savannas

Shallow basins in the savannas of Peten, Guatemala filled with water after 305±55 BP (calibrated age+1430–1660 AD). Aguadas Chimaj and Chilonche possess dilute waters and iron-rich, clayey sediments that are poor in Ca and Mg, reflecting the highly weathered nature of riparian soils. Low 210Pb flux rates to Chimaj (0.085 pCi cm-2 yr-1) and Chilonche (0.134 pCi cm-2 yr-1) are attributed to low 222Rn emission rates from the nearby Caribbean Sea. Mean sediment accumulation rates in Chimaj and Chilonche for the past 150 years are 0.015 g cm-2 yr-1 and 0.047 g cm-2 yr-1 respectively. Forest expansion after 305 BP is documented in pollen profiles from the small aguadas and larger Lake Oquevix. Regional reforestation postdates the 9th century Classic Maya collapse and coincides with indigenous depopulation that was a consequence of European intrusion that began in the early 1500s. The timing of forest regrowth indicates the importance of historical anthropogenic factors in controlling Peten's vegetation. Nevertheless, other sedimentological lines of evidence (e.g. lithology, algal remains and charcoal particles) suggest that changing climate and/or local hydrology may have played a role in the reforestation process.
The Procedurally Directive Approach to Teaching Controversial Issues.

Recent articles on teaching controversial topics in schools have employed Michael Hand's distinction between “directive teaching,” in which teachers attempt to persuade students of correct positions on topics that are not rationally controversial, and “nondirective teaching,” in which teachers avoid persuading students on topics that are rationally controversial. However, the four methods of directive teaching discussed in the literature — explicit directive teaching, “steering,” “soft-directive teaching,” and “school ethos endorsement” — make rational persuasion problematic, if not self-defeating. In this essay, Maughn Rollins Gregory argues that “procedurally directive teaching” offers an alternative to such approaches because it derives from the intention to guide inquiry rather than to persuade. He demonstrates that the conceptual frameworks of perfectionism and antiperfectionism, which have been proposed for directive teaching on same-sex marriage, can instead be used to generate open questions for student inquiry, as can a third, civil rights framework. Given these considerations, Gregory maintains that pedagogical guidance on this topic should be procedurally directive rather than substantively directive. Further, the fact that legal, political, and ethics scholars disagree about which framework is more appropriate to the issue of same-sex marriage indicates that such arguments cannot be dispositive of the pedagogical issue of how to frame classroom discussions about it. Rather, students should inquire into this meta-level framing dispute for themselves.
Chronic Administration of Nicardipine Attenuates Myocardial Stunning in Isolated Rabbit Hearts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the chronic administration of a calcium channel blocker, nicardipine, on systolic and diastolic alterations occurring during myocardial stunning in isolated rabbit hearts. Rabbits were presented with nicardipine 20 mg (O.I.D.) for 30 days. Then hearts were isolated (group II) and compared with control hearts (group I) in their response to 20 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Coronary flow and heart rate were kept constant. Left ventricular isovolumic developed pressure (LVDP), its first derivative (dP/dt), and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured. After isolation, no statistically significant changes were detected in LVDP, + dP/dtmax, LVEDP, or coronary resistance in hearts of rabbits with or without the pharmacological intervention. Early after the onset of reperfusion, LVDP and + dP/dtmax partially recovered in a similar way in groups I and II. Late in reperfusion LVDP stabilized at 48 ± 7% in group I and 71 ± 6% in group II (P < 0.05) and + dP/dtmax stabilized at 56 ± 7% and 79 ± 6% (P < 0.05), respectively. Diastolic dysfunction was manifested by a 217 ± 39% increase in LVEDP (P < 0.05) in group I, and 140 ± 31% in group II (P < 0.05). The isovolumic relaxation time constant (τ, tau) increased from 70 ± 5 to 151 ± 27 ms (P < 0.05) and from 66 ± 6 to 97 ± 10 ms (NS) in groups I and II, respectively at 5 min of reperfusion. This relaxation parameter returned to normal values in the late reperfusion. Pretreating rabbits with nicardipine appears to protect the heart from the systolic and the diastolic dysfunction of stunning without evidence of prior decrease in contractile state or changes in coronary resistance.
Technology communities and innovation communities

Abstract The technology community framework provides new insights into how technologies and organizational systems co-evolve. Little has been written by the creators of this framework, however, about community-level variables. As a result, this literature has yet to provide a good basis for addressing many of the traditional concerns of researchers and policymakers about technological innovation: e.g. how various characteristics of communities influence the speed and extent to which an innovation is used. This paper presents an alternative framework for the study of the commercialization of technology, the ‘innovation community.’ An innovation community includes the organizations involved in the commercialization of a specific technology. It comprises a superstructure of coordinating organizations and a substructure of business firms providing inputs for the innovation. Research using this framework can address either how community attributes such as size or inclusiveness of superstructure impact on the development and use of new technologies or how the attributes of new technologies can influence community attributes. The framework seems particularly suitable as a basis for comparative research.
Stability of arc-transitive graphs

The present paper investigates arc-transtive graphs in terms of their stability, and shows, somewhat contrary to expectations, that the property of instability is not as rare as previously thought. Until quite recently, the only known example of a finite, arc-transitive vertex-determining unstable graph was the underlying graph of the dodecahedron. This paper illustrates some methods for constructing finite arc-transitive unstable graphs, and three infinite families of such graphs are given as applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 38: 95–110, 2001
Attitudes toward genetic testing for cystic fibrosis among college students.

The knowledge and attitudes of 25 college students toward clinical and genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis (CF) were assessed before and after an 80-minute presentation about the disease. The students were asked about their plans regarding genetic testing for cystic fibrosis prior to, and during future conceptions. While their knowledge about the disease increased significantly following the lecture, there were no significant changes in their attitudes.
Problems in evolution

Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. By George C. Williams. Oxford University Press: 1992. Pp. 208. £35, $55 (hbk); £14.95, $24.95 (pbk).
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Tacoma's Assigned Vehicle Program:

The Police Department's Assigned Vehicle Program (AVP) in Tacoma was adopted in 1999. In 2004, the city decided to make an economic evaluation of it. Focus groups preceded development of a questionnaire about current and changed usage of police vehicles since inception of the AVP. A second questionnaire explored citizen attitudes toward the AVP. The evaluation addressed two questions: (a) Is the present AVP better than using pool vehicles? and (b) Is it better to let officers take vehicles home when off duty or should they be kept in the city? The analysis found that the benefits of assigning vehicles and allowing them to be taken home far outweigh costs; police productivity is significantly enhanced, and free parking at officers' homes is much less expensive than parking provided by the city. The study methodology is a prototype for similar benefit-cost evaluations.
Paraganglioma of the facial canal: a report of 2 cases and literature review.

Abstract Purpose 1. Describe the presentation, imaging, and outcome of two cases of paraganglioma of the facial canal at our institution. 2. Summarize existing literature to better understand this lesion. 3. Clarify terminology. Methods Retrospective chart review at single tertiary academic referral center. Literature review using the PubMed electronic database. Results There are 12 cases of histologically-proven paraganglioma of the facial canal published in the English literature. We present two additional cases that were encountered at our institution. We also include three additional cases from a separate institution that have been accepted for publication in a different journal. We found that patients most commonly present with slowly progressive facial paralysis; though paralysis can be acute. The second most common symptom was pulsatile tinnitus, which was the only symptom in one patient. Radiographically, tumor location was in the descending segment in all but one case. The mass was often centered directly over the stylomastoid foramen, mimicking a parotid mass. We found circumferential widening of the proximal fallopian canal, and a “moth-eaten” bony destruction distally on CT imaging in several patients. In patients with poor facial nerve function (HB IV-VI), complete tumor removal with nerve sacrifice followed by great auricular or sural nerve grafting was performed with acceptable facial function results. Conclusions Paraganglioma of the facial canal remains a rare etiology of progressive facial paralysis. The lesions are found in the distal descending segment, or centered over the stylomastoid foramen 94% of the time. In patients with poor facial function, surgical removal with nerve sacrifice, followed by great auricular or sural nerve grafting, yields an acceptable functional result.
Dopamine-modified α-synuclein blocks chaperone-mediated autophagy

Altered degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). We have shown that α-syn can be degraded via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective lysosomal mechanism for degradation of cytosolic proteins. Pathogenic mutants of α-syn block lysosomal translocation, impairing their own degradation along with that of other CMA substrates. While pathogenic α-syn mutations are rare, α-syn undergoes posttranslational modifications, which may underlie its accumulation in cytosolic aggregates in most forms of PD. Using mouse ventral medial neuron cultures, SH-SY5Y cells in culture, and isolated mouse lysosomes, we have found that most of these posttranslational modifications of α-syn impair degradation of this protein by CMA but do not affect degradation of other substrates. Dopamine-modified α-syn, however, is not only poorly degraded by CMA but also blocks degradation of other substrates by this pathway. As blockage of CMA increases cellular vulnerability to stressors, we propose that dopamine-induced autophagic inhibition could explain the selective degeneration of PD dopaminergic neurons.
A New, Fast, Accurate Pressure-Decay Probe Permeameter

The theory, design, and operation of a new probe permeameter based on a pressure-decay technique are discussed. Its useful range is from 0.001 to 30,000 md. Measurement time varies from [approx] 2 to 35 seconds. Slip-corrected (Klinkenberg) and conventional gas permeabilities, both of which are free from inertial flow-resistance effects, and measurement-position coordinates are obtained automatically. Computer-stored data facilitate generation of permeability profiles'' (permeability/depth logs), permeability contour plots, or calibration'' of wireline logs that imply permeability.
Particle packing of BaTiO3 powders in aqueous solutions

Abstract Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) powder was dispersed in aqueous solutions containing different additives. The particle-packing behavior was investigated and compared with results from organic solvent systems. Two polyelectrolytes were found to be the best dispersants of the additives tested in pure water. A solution of 1.0 wt.% Darvan® C in deionized water gave a sediment density that was about 50% of the measured powder density, which is comparable with the best densities obtained in the organic systems. The density of the Darvan® C compact after sintering at 1250 °C for 1 h was about 99% of the theoretical density. The grain growth during sintering was affected by the solution used in the compaction process.
Exceptional Congruences for Powers of the Partition Function

In Journal of London Math. Soc.31 (1956), 350–359, Morris Newman studied vector spaces of functions arising from lifts to Γ0(p) of certain eta-products on the group Γ0(pQ), Q = pn. In this paper, the author considers vector spaces of modular functions obtained as lifts of more general eta-products from Γ0(pQ) to Γ0(p), (Q, p) = 1. Specifically considered are functions arising as lifts of functions of the form
The handedness of postural fluctuations

Abstract In two experiments we investigated whether the dynamics of standing upright were lateralized. The postural task of Experiment 1 introduced a lateral bias of attention; the postural task of Experiment 2 did not. In Experiment 1, six left-handed and six right-handed participants passively held a laser pointer at the side of the body in either the left or right hand. Successful pointing at targets that varied in distance and size required minimizing the body's medio-lateral (ML) sway. Sway variability, in the range of 2.8–5 mm, was smaller in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction (of relevance to keeping upright) and larger in the ML direction when the pointer was on the preferred rather than non-preferred side. In Experiment 2, six left-handed and six right-handed participants maintained quiet stance while visually fixating a target. Variability of ML and AP sway changed in the same way with difficulty of the precision aiming task and did so independently of handedness. Discussion focused upon the possible mechanism of postural lateralization and the nature of the tasks by which such lateralization is revealed.