cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antidepressant Drugs on Rats Bred for Low Activity in the Swim Test

To determine responsivity to antidepressant medication of Sprague-Dawley rats bred for low activity in the swim test [Swim Low-Active (SwLo) rats], these animals were given different antidepressant drugs via subcutaneously implanted minipumps for 1, 12, or 26 days, and then were tested for activity in the swim test and 2 days later in the open field. Antidepressant drugs given were amitriptyline, imipramine, desipramine (tricyclics), phenelzine (monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)], fluoxetine [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)], venlafaxine, and bupropion (atypical). To assess specificity of response, the nonantidepressant drugs amphetamine, caffeine, and haloperidol were also tested. For comparison, several drugs were also tested in rats bred for high activity in the swim test [Swim High-Active (SwHi) rats]. When administered for 14 and/or 28 days (but not for 1 day), imipramine, desipramine, venlafaxine, phenelzine, and bupropion significantly increased struggling behavior of SwLo rats in swim test. No nonantidepressant drug significantly elevated struggling activity. Long-term administration of phenelzine and bupropion also significantly decreased floating behavior in the swim test, although amphetamine also had this effect at all times of administration. No significant effects of antidepressants were seen in SwHi rats. Amitriptyline and fluoxetine were ineffective in altering either struggling or floating in SwLo rats; however, a high dose of an SSRI (sertraline) did reduce floating, but this type of effect is probably not indicative of antidepressant action. Behavior in the open field was not consistently affected by any drug type. It is concluded that, based on pharmacological response profile in the swim test, SwLo rats represent depression that is responsive to potent norepinephrine reuptake-blocking antidepressants and also MAOIs; atypical depression may fit this profile.
Incumbency and the News Media in U.S. Senate Elections: An Experimental Investigation:

Although our understanding of voting in Senate elections has increased considerably over the past decade, the exclusive reliance on survey data has limited the range of questions we have explored. Using a less traditional design, the present study expands our understanding of vote choice in Senate elections. This study combines two methods-a content analysis and an experiment-to examine the impact that news coverage and candidate status have on voters views of Senate candidates. The results of this study suggest that both campaign coverage and the candidate's status favor incumbents. First, current patterns of campaign coverage encourage people to develop more favorable impressions of incumbents. Second, people use incumbency as a cue to draw distinctions between identical incumbents and challengers, and these distinctions always favor incumbents.
64-dB amplification of 19-psec laser-diode pulses in a Ti-sapphire laser.

We report 64-dB amplification of 19.4-psec pulses at 820 nm at a 2-kHz repetition rate in an injection-seeded Ti:Al2O3 laser oscillator. In a single-pass amplifier configuration, a 5.2-dB gain was measured. We discuss the advantages of the short-pulse injection-seeding technique as a means of constructing an all-solid-state tunable source of picosecond and subpicosecond laser pulses in the near infrared.
Ciz1, Cip1 interacting zinc finger protein 1 binds the consensus DNA sequence ARYSR(0-2)YYAC.

The matrin 3 family of nuclear proteins consists of members with potentially diverse activities. Martin 3 and NP220 share RNA-binding domains, and NP220 has been shown to recognize and bind to the DNA sequence, CCCCC (G/C). We have isolated and characterized another member of the matrin 3 family, designated NP94, from a medulloblastoma. This protein, also named Ciz1, has previously been characterized for its ability to interact with p21Cip1/Waf1 and contains 3 zinc finger domains and a matrin 3-homologous domain 3. Our immunofluorescence and Northern blot analysis data indicate that Ciz1 is localized in the nucleus and is expressed in a wide range of tissues, especially the pancreas and the brain; within the brain, the highest message levels are found in the cerebellum. A modified selected and amplified binding (SAAB) sequence method was used to identify DNA sequences recognized by Ciz1. From the analysis of the retrieved SAAB sequences and verification using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we formulated a consensus DNA sequence, ARYSR(0–2)YYAC, recognized by Ciz1. The potential activities of Ciz1, including those involved in brain tumorigenesis, are discussed.
635 SODIUM BALANCE IN THE INFANT ILEOSTOMATE

Sodium balance was assessed in infant ileostomates to learn if a sodium intake of approximately double the normal infant's requirement would be adequate to protect the infant against anticipated ileal Na losses. Six infants were studied just prior to ileostomy closure, at 3½-11 months of age. During the three-day balance study infants were maintained on 3/4 strength Pregestamil with total Na intake adjusted to 6 mEq/kg/day. Ileal excreta contained 80-119 mEq Na/1000g stool (4-30 mEq Na/day). Mean urine Na was 8±6 (S.D.) mEq/day and mean net sodium balance was +7±5 mEq/day. Mean plasma renin was 8.8±9.6 ng/ml/hr (normal 6.3±3.9) and mean plasma aldosterone was 82±37 ng/100 ml (normal 60±35). Sodium balance was again assessed in three of these infants 1 wk. following reanastomosis when sodium intake was 3 mEq/kg/day. Mean fecal sodium excretion was 2.2 mEq/day (p <0.05 compared to the ileostomy balance period. Urinary sodium excretion was 4±4 mEq/day. Mean net sodium balance +5±3 mEq/day was similar to the ileostomy balance data but renin 2.9±1.2 ng/ml/hr aldosterone 49±17 ng/100 ml were decreased. Conclusion: six mEq Na/kg/day probably provides less than optimal sodium intake for the infant ileostomate resulting in increased serum aldosterone and avid sodium retention. One wk. after reanastomosis colonic absorption of sodium is sufficient to reduce the sodium needs of the infant.
Fetal myelomeningocele surgery: preschool functional status using the Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM)

Objective To study preschool functional status in children following fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) surgery.
The Effects of Stress State and Cavitation on Deformation Stability During Superplastic Forming

The current available models describing superplastic deformation do not account for a number of important characteristics, leading to the current limited predictive capabilities of deformation and failure. In this work, the effects of cavitation and stress state on deformation stability during superplastic forming are investigated using Finite Element simulations. The simulations are performed using constant strain rate forming and using a proposed optimization approach based on a multiscale failure criterion that accounts for stress state, geometrical necking, and microstructural evolution including grain growth and cavitation. The simulations are conducted for the superplastic copper-based alloy Coronze-638 and the superplastic aluminum alloy Al-5083 which are known to develop significant cavitation during deformation. The results clearly show the importance of accounting for microstructural evolution during superplastic forming, especially when the state of stress is biaxial. Furthermore, the results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in reducing the forming time and maintaining the integrity of the formed parts.
Dose dependent suppression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 content by Doxorubicin and Mitomycin-C: Correlation with antipyrine biotransformation

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) and Mitomycin-C (MMC) are two anthraquinones which, when administered to rats, result in a decrease in the content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and mixed function oxidase activities. DOX administration produced a dose-dependent immediate decrease in cytochrome P-450 content at all doses but a parallel dose-dependent decrease in the rate of antipyrine metabolite formation of the two higher doses. The lower dose of DOX produced an increase in metabolite formation and produced a less than 20% reduction in cytochrome P-450 content. MMC administration produced an immediate, modest (less than 10% of control levels) suppression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and had no effect on antipyrine metabolite formation. These findings demonstrates that two drugs of the same class can produce similar suppressions of cytochrome P-450 content and that a threshold suppression of cytochrome P-450 content is needed to produce alterations in vivo drug biotransformations.
Relative uniform completeness and order-convex representations of archimedean ℓ-groups and f-rings

Abstract Results of Henriksen and Johnson, for archimedean f -rings with identity, and of Aron and Hager, for archimedean l -groups with unit, relating uniform completeness to order-convexity of a representation in a D ( X ) (the lattice of almost real continuous functions on the space X ) are extended to situations without identity or unit. For an archimedean l -group, G , we show: if G admits any representation G ⩽ D ( X ) in which G is order-convex, then G is divisible and relatively uniformly complete. A converse to this would seem to require some sort of canonical representation of G , which seems not to exist in the l -group case. But for a reduced archimedean f -ring, A , there is the Johnson representation A ⩽ D ( X A ) , and we show: A is divisible, relatively uniformly complete and square-dominated if and only if A is order-convex in D ( X A ) and square-root-closed. Also, we expand on the situation with unit, where we have the Yosida representation, G ⩽ D ( Y G ) : if G is divisible, relatively uniformly complete, and the unit is a near unit, then G is order-convex in D ( Y G ) .
Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Christian in Philosophy

Norman Malcolm, whose Memoir is an important primary source for the life of his teacher, wrote just before his own death a second brief work, Wittgenstein: A Religious Point of View?, that provides extended evidence of Wittgenstein's enduring Christian commitment. Yet Malcolm could see nothing more than analogies between his religious attitude on the one hand and his attitude to philosophical questions on the other. William Warren Bartley, III, a philosopher interested in biography, placed more stock in his own long-distance psychoanalysis of two of Wittgenstein's reported dreams than he did in the concrete Christian particularity of a life that he correctly labeled an amalgam of ‘ethical activity and practical philosophy’. James C. Edwards acknowledged his subject's imitatio Christi and ‘religious sensibility’ but reduced these to a generic ethics, oddly suppressing Wittgenstein's own standard Christian terminology—barely noting that he read the Christian Gospels, was converted to follow the way of Jesus, and (with some eccentricity) lived a faithful Christian life and died a Christian death. What would it be, then, to take a more fully integrated view of Wittgenstein's life and work—to consider him as a Christian in philosophy?
Do the Au 5d-bands narrow at the surface: Comparison with Au alloys

Abstract Synchrotron radiation studies indicate no systematic narrowing of the Au surface 5d-bands. Comparison with Au alloys reveals an insensitivity to the number of nearest Au neighbours. The applicability of simple tight-binding theory to noble metal surfaces is questioned.
Identifying Expertise to Extract the Wisdom of Crowds

Statistical aggregation is often used to combine multiple opinions within a group. Such aggregates outperform individuals, including experts, in various prediction and estimation tasks. This result is attributed to the “wisdom of crowds.” We seek to improve the quality of such aggregates by eliminating poorly performing individuals from the crowd. We propose a new measure of contribution to assess the judges' performance relative to the group and use positive contributors to build a weighting model for aggregating forecasts. In Study 1, we analyze 1,233 judges forecasting almost 200 current events to illustrate the superiority of our model over unweighted models and models weighted by measures of absolute performance. In Study 2, we replicate our findings by using economic forecasts from the European Central Bank and show how the method can be used to identify smaller crowds of the top positive contributors. We show that the model derives its power from identifying experts who consistently outperform the crowd. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1909 . This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Recent progress in hyperbolic, chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces

This abstract will discuss recent progress in sub-wavelength metamaterials including hyperbolic metamaterials, chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces. Applications include super-resolution hyperlens imaging and nanoscale cavities and photo-induced negative index switching.
A DNA-binding-independent pathway of repression by the Drosophila Runt protein

DNA-binding proteins are important for regulating gene expression during development. It is widely assumed that this regulation involves sequence-specific DNA binding by these transcription factors to cognate cis-regulatory sequences of their downstream target genes. However, studies in both the Drosophila and the mouse model systems have provided examples in which the DNA-binding activity of a transcription factor is not essential for in vivo function. Using a system that allows for quantitative analysis of gene function in the Drosophila embryo, we have discovered a DNA-binding-independent activity of Runt, the founding member of the RUNX family of transcriptional regulators. Examination of the in vivo potency of a DNA-binding-defective form of Runt reveals differential requirements for DNA binding in the regulation of different downstream target genes. DNA binding is not required for establishing repression of the odd-numbered stripes of the segment polarity gene engrailed, but does contribute to Runt's role as a regulator of sloppy-paired, another downstream target gene in the pathway of segmentation. We investigate this DNA-binding-independent pathway using a genetic screen for dose-dependent modifiers of runt activity. These studies reveal that DNA-binding proteins encoded by the tramtrack locus cooperate with Runt to repress engrailed. These results provide new insights into the context-dependent regulatory functions of Runt domain proteins and provide a paradigm for understanding DNA-binding-independent regulation by developmentally important transcription factors.
Development of auditory‐evoked potentials in the cat. I. Onset of response and development of sensitivity

Auditory‐evoked potentials, originating from the brain stem and the forebrain, were studied in 30 unanesthetized kittens during the first 3 months of postnatal life, and from a smaller set of animals before and after surgical exposure of their tympanic membranes. In intact animals, responses to 135‐dB peak SPL clicks were first reliably discernible on the seventh postnatal day; when stimuli were presented directly to the exposed tympanic membrane, responses were observed several days earlier. Responses progressed through three stages during maturation: an early period of gross insensitivity during which responses are evoked only by high‐intensity stimuli and whose response thresholds remain essentially constant (week 1); a middle period characterized by rapid acquisition of sensitivity to near‐adult values (week 2); and a late period during which adult thresholds and latencies are acquired. A sequential stage model of threshold maturation is proposed, in which thresholds decline linearly during stage two and exponentially during stage three. It is hypothesized that mechanical reorganization of the cochlea during the first 2 to 3 postnatal weeks and development of the stria vascularis are primarily responsible for the linear stage, and that neural factors primarily underlie the exponential stage and account for the gradual acquisition of adult thresholds. Rates of maturation for brain stem responses are frequency dependent, with responses to high frequencies achieving adult thresholds earlier than those to low frequencies.
Can a soft diet prevent bowel obstruction in advanced pancreatic cancer

Although many patients are advised to follow a high-fiber diet to avoid constipation, it seems that a soft diet such as that recommended after bowel surgery may well be more helpful in avoidance of intestinal obstruction.
Investigation of Women with Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding: Clinical Practice Recommendations

Postmenopausal uterine bleeding is defined as uterine bleeding after permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity. Bleeding can be spontaneous or related to ovarian hormone replacement therapy or to use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (eg, tamoxifen adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma). Because anovulatory "cycles" with episodes of multimonth amenorrhea frequently precede menopause, no consensus exists regarding the appropriate interval of amenorrhea before an episode of bleeding that allows for the definition of postmenopausal bleeding. The clinician faces the possibility that an underlying malignancy exists, knowing that most often the bleeding comes from a benign source. Formerly, the gold-standard clinical investigation of postmenopausal uterine bleeding was institution-based dilation and curettage, but there now exist office-based methods for the evaluation of women with this complaint. Strategies designed to implement these diagnostic methods must be applied in a balanced way considering the resource utilization issues of overinvestigation and the risk of missing a malignancy with underinvestigation. Consequently, guidelines and recommendations were developed to consider these issues and the diverse spectrum of practitioners who evaluate women with postmenopausal bleeding. The guideline development group determined that, for initial management of spontaneous postmenopausal bleeding, primary assessment may be with either endometrial sampling or transvaginal ultrasonography, allowing patients with an endometrial echo complex thickness of 4 mm or less to be managed expectantly. Guidelines are also provided for patients receiving selective estrogen receptor modulators or hormone replacement therapy, and for an endometrial echo complex with findings consistent with fluid in the endometrial cavity.�
THE RELATIVE DIFFICULTY POSITION FUNCTION

A study was conducted to determine if the serial position curve remains invariant across developmental levels under different rote verbal learning tasks when the curves are expressed as Indices of Relative Difficulty. Eighty students, ages 5–11, from the University of Missouri-Columbia Laboratory School served as subjects for this study. Each subject participated in two experimental tasks, multitrial free recall and serial recall, counterbalanced in presentation. Seven words for each of the two experimental tasks and for each of the two practice tasks constituted the list length. On each task, every subject received a different random order of the list. The data consisted of an error score, cumulated over five trials, at each of seven serial positions for each subject in two tasks. The data were transformed into the Index of Relative Difficulty, which was the method used in representing the serial position effect. The statistical analyses were a multiple discriminant analysis on the four age groups for each of the two tasks and a Hotelling T2 analysis on the serial versus free recall mean vectors. All analyses were performed on the Index of Relative Difficulty. The analyses indicated that age or grade level in and of itself is not a significant factor in changing the bowed skewed curve found in rote verbal learning tasks. The effect of serial position on the shape of the serial position curve has been shown to be consistent with the findings of other investigators.
Comparison of Pupillary Light Reflex Sytem Modeling with H∞ and LSM Adaptive Algorithms

The pupillary light reflex (PLR), which decreases the pupil size as larger amounts of light are sensed by the retina, is considered as the dominant factor in determining the pupil size. However, it has been found recently that the pupil diameter (PD), controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), also responds to cognitive and emotional processes. In this paper, we are interested in the modeling of the PLR system, so that the PD changes caused by light intensity variation can be distinguished from those due to affective stimuli. We tackle the modeling task with an adaptive interference canceller (AIC) architecture. We investigate the adaptation of the AIC using the popular least-mean-square (LMS) adaptation algorithm and the H-infinity time-varying algorithm. Preliminary results indicate that the latter algorithm seems better able to capture the PLR system dynamics.
A technique for visual confirmation of intrathoracic placement of tube thoracostomy using a fiberoptic laryngoscope in a cadaver

Safe intrathoracic placement of chest tubes is a continual challenge. Current techniques for determining the intrathoracic location of the thoracostomy site include blunt dissection and digital exploration, with subsequent tube placement. Using current techniques, complication rates for this procedure approach 30 %. We present a novel technique using available endotracheal intubation technology for determining intrathoracic placement of tube thoracostomy. One cadaver was used for placement of tube thoracostomy. Both sides of the thorax were prepared in the standard fashion for tube thoracostomy placement, and tube thoracostomy was performed on each hemithorax at interspaces 3 through 7. The right side of the thorax was used for standard thoracostomy placement, and the left side was used for fiberoptic visualization of thoracostomy placement using a video laryngoscope. Thoracic wall thickness was measured at all thoracostomy sites. Proper placement and any injuries were documented for each site. Chest wall thickness ranged from 2.4 to 3.8 cm on the right and 2.8 to 4.0 cm on the left. With use of fiberoptic thoracostomy, no injuries were generated. During the standard thoracostomy placement in the sixth intercostal space, a pulmonary laceration was caused using blunt dissection. Use of a fiberoptic laryngoscope offers a novel technique for direct visualization the thoracic space during tube thoracostomy. Further studies are needed to determine the safety of this technique in patients.
The sulfide capacities of CaO-SiO2 melts containing MgO, FeO, TiO2, and Al2O3

The sulfide capacities of CaO-SiO2 melts containing MgO, FeO, TiO2, and A12O3 have been measured by simultaneous equilibration within quartz capsules at 1776 K (1503 °C). The compositions of the melt samples and static gas phase within each capsule adjusted to establish a mutual equilibrium. The sulfide capacities, Cs, of all equilibrated samples must satisfy the following equation: $$C_{{\text{S(}}j{\text{)}}} = \frac{{{\text{pctS}}_j }}{{pctS_i }} \bullet C_{S(i)} $$ The inclusion of several reference slags for which values of Cs are known from previous measurements enabled the calculation of the sulfide capacities of unknown samples. The influences of basic oxide substitutions (FeO and MgO) for CaO and acidic oxide substitutions (TiO2 and A12O3) for SiO2 on the sulfide capacities of CaO-SiO2 melts have been measured. When a basic oxide/acidic oxide ratio of 1.21 is maintained, MgO additions decrease sulfide capacity, while FeO, TiO2 and A12O3 additions increase sulfide capacity. The results are compared with earlier measurements on the influences of CaF2 and B2O3, and the relative effects are discussed in terms of the activity of free oxide ions.
THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHATASES AND ORGANIC PHOSPHATES ON RH REACTIONS.

Summary In accord with published reports it was found that the RNA derivatives cytidine sulfate and eytidylic acid inhibit Rh agglutinations, but only weakly. A number of other compounds structurally related by virtue of containing rigid ring systems and phosphate ester groups were more potent inhibitors. Included in this group are phenolphthalein diphosphate, α-naphthyl phosphate, riboflavin-5′-phosphate, and α-tocopherol phosphate, the latter giving the strongest inhibition at the lowest concentration. That the inhibition is probably not specific is indicated by the lack of effect on Coombs reactions and by the inhibition of blood group systems unrelated to Rh. Treatment of red cells with acid and alkaline phosphatase, ribo-nuclease, and the phosphodiesterase of Russell's viper venom failed to produce a consistently significant effect on Rh agglutination reactions. Resume En accord avec les rapports publies, lee auteurs constatent que des derives de l'ARN, le sulfate de cytidine et l'acide cytidylique, inhibent l'agglutination Rhesus, mais seulement faiblement. Un nombre d'autres composants de structure apparen-the par le fait qu'ils contiennent des systemes a anneaux fixes et des groupes phos-phoriques esterifies sont des inhibiteurs plus puissants. Font partie de ce groupe le diphosphate de phenolphthaleine, l'α-naphtyl-phosphate, le riboflavine-5′-phosphate et l'α-tocopherol phosphate, ce dernier donnant l'inhibition la plus forte a la concentration la plus basse. Cette inhibition n'est probablement pas specifique etant donne l'absence de ralentissement sur la reaction de Coombs et l'inhibition d'autres systemes de groupe sans rapport avec le systeme Rhesus. Le traitement des erythrocytes avec les phosphatases alcalines et acides, les ribonucleases et la phospho-diesterase du venin de vipere Russell ne produisent pas un effet significatif sur les reactions d'agglutinations Rhesus. Zusammenfassung In Ubereinstimmung mit publizierten Berichten wurde festgestellt, daβ die RNS-Derivate Cytidinsulfat und Cytidylsaure Rh-Agglutinationen zu hemmen vermogen. Der Effekt ist aber wenig ausgepragt. Eine Reihe strukturell verwandter Verbindungen, die starre Ringsysteme und Phosphatestergruppen enthielten, zeigten starkere Hemmwirkungen. Zu dieser Gruppe gehoren Phenolphthaleindiphosphat, α-Naphtylphosphat, Riboflavin-5-phosphat und α-Tocopherolphosphat, wobei die letztgenannte Verbindung die starkste Hemmwirkung aufweist. Die Hemmung ist wahrscheinlich unspezifisch. Dies geht daraus hervor, daβ einerseits die Coombs-reaktionen unbeeinfluβt bleiben und anderseits andere nicht zum Rh-System gehorige Blutgruppenreaktionen ebenfalls gehemmt werden. Die Behandlung der Erythrozyten mit saurer und alkalischer Phosphatase, Ribonuklease und der im Russellschen Viperngift enthaltenen Phosphodiesterase vermochte die Rh-Agglutinationsreaktionen nicht eindeutig zu beeinflussen.
ADHD characteristics: I. Concurrent co-morbidity patterns in children & adolescents

342 Caucasian subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited from pediatric and behavioral health clinics for a genetic study. Concurrent comorbidity was assessed to characterize the clinical profile of this cohort. Subjects 6 to 18 years were diagnosed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia for School aged Children (K-SADS-P IVR). The most prevalent diagnoses co-occurring with ADHD were Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (40.6%), Minor Depression/Dysthymia (MDDD) (21.6%), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (15.2%). In Inattentive ADHD (n = 106), 20.8% had MDDD, 20.8% ODD, and 18.6% GAD; in Hyperactive ADHD (n = 31) 41.9% had ODD, 22.2% GAD, and 19.4% MDDD. In Combined ADHD, (n = 203), 50.7% had ODD, 22.7% MDDD and 12.4% GAD. MDDD and GAD were equally prevalent in the ADHD subtypes but, ODD was significantly more common among Combined and Hyperactive ADHD compared to Inattentive ADHD. The data suggested a subsample of Irritable prepubertal children exhibiting a diagnostic triad of ODD, Combined ADHD, and MDDD may account for the over diagnosing of Bipolar Disorder. Almost 2/3rd of ADHD children have impairing comorbid diagnoses; Hyperactive ADHD represents less than 10% of an ADHD sample; ODD is primarily associated with Hyperactive and Combined ADHD; and, MDDD may be a significant morbidity for ADHD youths from clinical samples.
Resonance Raman scattering of the I2 molecule in solution

Abstract Resonance Raman scattering of the I2 molecule in chloroform solution is reported. Several overtones are observed both stokes and antistokes, making it possible to determine ωe and ωexe for the ground state from a Δ G 1 2 plot. In contrast to what is observed for I2 in the gas phase the same general spectrum is obtained whether the exciting frequency is above or below the dissociation limit of the 3Π0+ state. The spectrum in solution resembles closely the gas phase spectrum excited above the dissociation limit. Using the chloroform spectrum as internal standard, relative intensities of the I2 Raman lines have been determined as a function of excitation frequencies. The dependence of the intensity on the excitation frequency is strong, the intensity increases by a factor of ⋍2 between 4765 A and 5145 A. This behaviour can be understood on the basis of a theory recently advanced by the author.
FAMILIAL REFLUX IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS

Abstract A case report of monozygotic twins with reflux nephropathy is presented. The possible mode of inheritance is either by multiple genes producing a cumulative effect or by an autosomal dominant gene of variable penetrance.
Resonance behavior of magnetostrictive micro/milli-cantilever and its application as a biosensor

Magnetostrictive micro/milli-cantilever (MSMC) was recently introduced as a promised biosensor platform due to its high performance in liquid and wireless nature. To better understand the resonance behavior of the MSMC, unimorph-type MSMCs with thickness about 30 μm and different lengths and widths were fabricated, and their resonance behaviors were investigated in air and in different liquids. The influence of the driving magnetic fields and the surrounding media on their resonance behavior was also studied. It is found that the amplitude of the driving ac magnetic field has very weak influence on the resonance frequency. On the basis of the damping effect of different liquids on the resonance behavior of the MSMCs, it is found that the characteristic frequency of the MSMC is linearly dependent on the density of the liquid media, while the Q value is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the density and viscosity of the liquid media. It is also found that the damping effect of liquid on the MSMC can be treated as a damping string of sphere and the effect radius of the oscillating sphere for an MSMC is a constant. The value of the effect radius for different MSMCs was experimentally determined. Additionally, the resonance frequency of the MSMC is very stable. Due to their wireless nature, MSMCs are suitable for the development of a cantilever array. It is experimentally demonstrated that the characterization of an MSMC array is as simple as a single MSMC. The detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in water was performed using MSMC biosensors in a real-time manner to demonstrate the in situ detection capability.
Tumor cell proliferation and cyclooxygenase inhibitory constituents in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and wasabi (Wasabia japonica)

Cyclooxygenase and human tumor cell growth inhibitory extracts of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and wasabi (Wasabia japonica) rhizomes upon purification yielded active compounds 1-3 from horseradish and 4 and 5 from wasabi rhizomes. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the identities of these active compounds as plastoquinone-9 (1), 6-O-acyl-beta-d-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol (2), 1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-galactosylglycerol (3), linolenoyloleoyl-3-beta-galactosylglycerol (4), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-beta-galactosylglycerol (5). 3-Acyl-sitosterols, sinigrin, gluconasturtiin, and phosphatidylcholines isolated from horseradish and alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinone-10 from wasabi rhizomes isolated were inactive in our assays. At a concentration of 60 microg/mL, compounds 1 and 2 selectively inhibited COX-1 enzyme by 28 and 32%, respectively. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 gave 75, 42, and 47% inhibition of COX-1 enzyme, respectively, at a concentration of 250 microg/mL. In a dose response study, compound 3 inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells (HCT-116) by 21.9, 42.9, 51.2, and 68.4% and lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) by 30, 39, 44, and 71% at concentrations of 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 microg/mL, respectively. At a concentration of 60 microg/mL, compound 4 inhibited the growth of colon, lung, and stomach cancer cells by 28, 17, and 44%, respectively. This is the first report of the COX-1 enzyme and cancer cell growth inhibitory monogalactosyl diacylglycerides from wasabi and horseradish rhizomes.
The Challenges Facing Global E-Commerce

The power of Web enablement is that geographical boundaries disappear for an enterprise. Thus, an E-commerce initiative can easily become a global E-commerce initiative. Nevertheless, before conducting E-business globally, Web-enabled enterprises must consider an array of international economic, technological, social, and legal issues, which this article examines.
The development of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the rat limbic brain. II. An autoradiographic study

We report here the results of an autoradiographic analysis of the postnatal development of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor system in the rat brain. Quantitative analysis of the autoradiograms revealed a varied pattern of gradual development towards adult receptor concentrations during the second week of life. Receptor concentrations in the dentate gyrus increased dramatically between Days 9 and 15, while the changes during this period in the pyramidal layers of Ammon's horn seemed to reflect both structural changes in these regions as well as increases in receptor concentrations.
The distribution of power from government-by -area to government-by -bureau

This essay is concerned with the shift in the distribution of power - from areal functional agencies - and the impact on decision-making. The principal approaches to the issue of the distribution of power among national ministries, regional agencies, and local units may be viewed in a spectrum ranging from a functional to an areal emphasis. Four major patterns among present day governments may be discerned based on their use of a coordinating ministry, a regional executive, and the local chief executive. Prototypes are the Federal Republic of Germany (modified government-by-aea), adn the United Kingdom (government-by-bureau). The shift affects not only the environment in which decisions are made but also what type of officials make decisions, where decisions are made, and what kind of decisions are made.
Wafer-Level Patterned and Aligned Polymer Nanowire/Micro- and Nanotube Arrays on any Substrate

Research supported by DARPA (Army/AMCOM/REDSTONE AR, W31P4Q-08-1-0009), BES DOE (DE-FG02-07ER46394), Air Force Office (FA9550-08-1-0446), and KAUST Global Research Partnership. We would like to thank Polysciences, Inc. for their generous contribution of PVDF polymer. Thanks to Prof. C. P. Wong and Rongwei Zhang for assistance in acquiring the FTIR data. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author.
Does the timing of reoperation influence the risk of graft infection

Objective This study compared the incidence and characteristics of graft infection in patients who underwent early vs late revisional surgery of lower extremity arterial bypass grafts. Methods Between 1992 and July 2005, 500 revisional procedures were performed on 198 lower extremity bypass grafts. Patients whose revisions were performed 30 days after bypass were in the late revision (LR) group (n = 99). Infection was defined as cellulitis with graft exposure or purulence in continuity with a graft that required antibiotics and operation for infection control. Mean follow-up was 60 months (range, 2 to 60 months). Groups were compared using Student's t test. Results The ER group included 66 autogenous and 33 prosthetic grafts. The LR group consisted of 53 autogenous and 46 prosthetic grafts. Of the 500 revisional procedures performed, 17 graft infections occurred (3.4%). Twelve (70.6%) were prosthetic grafts and five (29.4%) were autogenous grafts ( P = .004). Defining the infection rate per graft rather than per revisional procedure, the ER group had a significantly higher graft infection rate at 11% (11/99) compared with 6.1% in the LR group (6/99; P = .012). The risk of infection for prosthetic grafts was significantly higher within the ER group at 27.3% (9/33) compared with autogenous grafts at 3.1% (2/66; P = .0001). Infection developed in three vein grafts and three prosthetic grafts in the LR group ( P = NS). For prosthetic graft revisions only, infection risk was 27.3% (9/33) in the ER group and 6.5% (3/46) in the LR group ( P = .005). The most common cultured pathogen was methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ER, 6/11 vs LR, 3/6; P = NS. Within the ER group, the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly higher at 27.3% (3/11) compared with 0% (0/6) in the LR group ( P = .04). Conclusions Early revision of lower extremity arterial bypass grafts has a significantly higher risk of graft infection compared with revision >1 month after surgery. Infection will develop in approximately 25% (9/33) of prosthetic grafts that are reoperated on early. If feasible, reoperation should be delayed >1 month for prosthetic grafts needing revision. Endovascular or extra-anatomic interventions should be considered if early revision is mandated in this group.
Uncertainty Assessment of Performance Evaluation Methods for Solar Thermal Absorber/Thruster Testing

Proposed ground testing of solar thermal upper stage propulsion systems will verify the technology readiness level and provide a higher degree of cone dence for pursuing a e ight experiment. This study applies experimental uncertainty analysis techniques to investigate various performance evaluation methods that could be used to interpret results of solar thermal absorber/thruster ground testing. A general uncertainty analysis is applied to engine specie c impulse determination methods for an open-ended cavity, heat exchanger type, solar thermal engine. Six performance relationships consisting of both thrust- and nonthrust-based evaluation methods are utilized and two nominal operating cases are assessed. Based on the uncertainty estimates made for individual variables in the data reduction equations, overall specie c impulse uncertainties for the nonthrust-based methods range from about 6 to 10%, depending on the method and testing situation. Thrust-based evaluation methods yield specie c impulse uncertainties on the order of 1.5% if thrust and propellant mass e ow rate can be measured with uncertainties of 1% or less.
Faculty Perceptions of Plagiarism at Queensborough Community College

The researchers surveyed English and Speech & Theater faculty members at Queensborough Community College on their perceptions of and attitudes toward plagiarism. The researchers used the Queensborough Community College Academic Integrity Policy as the basis for their analysis. Based on the responses received, it was determined that 50% of the respondents did not clearly understand the institutional definition of plagiarism or academic integrity and/or did not properly apply the College's guidelines. The researchers determined there was a strong need for faculty development programming on the interpretation, use, and application of the Academic Integrity Policy at this institution.
Discussion – Circumstellar environment of active OB stars

This session dealt with the circumstellar gas surrounding active OB stars, and the discussion broadly focused on disks, wind morphology and structures, X-ray emission, and mass loss rates.
Presence and Functional Activity of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Isolated Murine Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes

Numerous functions regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) are targeted by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); however, the cell specific targets and mechanisms of toxicity are unknown. Outside of the brain, the peripheral vascular endothelium has been identified as a significant cellular target of TCDD toxicity resulting in apoptosis, edema, hemorrhaging and vascular dysfunction. Possible effects of TCDD in the vascular endothelium of the CNS have not been examined. Cellular dysfunction in this endothelium may disrupt function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which could severely compromise neuronal homeostasis and potentiate neurotoxicity. TCDD toxicity is mediated primarily by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand activated transcription factor that modulates the expression of a large battery of genes. This study examined the presence and functional activity of the AhR in response to TCDD in endothelial cells and astrocytes, the two primary components of the BBB. Primary mouse cortical endothelial cells and astrocytes express the AhR, as shown by immunocytochemical and western blot analyses. AhR activity was assessed by time- and concentration-dependent analyses of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 protein expression following TCDD treatment. Both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins were induced in endothelial cells after 4 and 8h, respectively, while only CYP1B1 protein induction was detected in astrocytes after 16h. The CYP450 protein induction was sustained for greater than 72h in both cell types. These changes in protein expression were dependent on AhR activity as indicated by the inhibition of these responses by a receptor antagonist. Together these data indicate endothelial cells and astrocytes are responsive to TCDD through the AhR-mediated pathway and therefore could be targets of toxicity.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among vaginal surgeons.

Introduction and hypothesis Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) reportedly affect a large proportion of providers in obstetrics and gynecology. We hypothesize a high MSD prevalence rate among vaginal surgeons associated with surgeon- and work- related characteristics.
Digitalis. IX. A Spectroscopic Study of the Baljet Reaction for Digitoxin and Digitoxigenin

Absorption spectra obtained in the region between 460 and 530 mμ strongly indicate that the colored substance formed in the Baljet reaction for digitoxin is not picramic acid but a complex which, on more or less prolonged standing, decomposes in alkaline medium to form picramic acid. Similar results were obtained with digitoxigenin. The results also show that the absorption maximum occurs in the region of 490 to 495 mμ and therefore this region is the most favorable one for analytical purposes.
Lower Hispanic Participation In Medicare Part D May Reflect Program Barriers

Despite the successes of Medicare’s Part D prescription drug program, an estimated 12.5 percent of Americans ages sixty-five and older do not have prescription drug coverage. It is possible that some who remain without coverage do so for rational economic reasons. However, barriers to insurance uptake, such as the program’s complexity, may exist for certain elderly people. Racial and ethnic minorities may be particularly susceptible to these barriers. To investigate the role that race and ethnicity may play in Medicare Part D participation, we analyzed data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. We found that Hispanics were 35 percent less likely than non-Hispanic whites to have coverage, after individual predictors of prescription drug demand were controlled for. There was no statistically significant difference in Part D coverage between non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Results of a stratified analysis suggest that the difference between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in Pa...
Heart Failure Therapy in Evolution

During the past 25 years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms for the development and progression of the heart failure syndrome. On the basis of this growing knowledge, a number of therapeutic approaches have been proposed and tested for the long-term management of chronic heart failure. One of the reasons for the continuing search for newer therapies is to improve prognosis further than achievable with an established therapy. It has been amply documented that clinical heart failure resulting from impaired left ventricular systolic function is associated with a substantial mortality and morbidity and that the more severe the clinical heart failure is, the worse the prognosis. Before the introduction of vasodilator and ACE inhibitor therapy, a 1-year mortality rate of ≈50% was observed with conventional therapy in patients with severe chronic heart failure.1 In the CONSENSUS I trial,2 in which patients with severe heart failure (NYHA functional class IV) were randomized to receive placebo or enalapril (an ACE inhibitor) in addition to contemporary conventional treatment (digitalis and diuretics), the mortality rates with conventional treatment at 6 months and 12 months were 44% and 54%, respectively. The prognosis of patients who initially present with mild to moderate clinical heart failure and are treated conventionally was assessed in the VA Heart Failure Trial I.3 The cumulative mortality rate of these patients over a period of 48 months was 53.6%. The realization that conventional treatment of established clinical heart failure with digitalis and diuretics is associated with very poor prognosis prompted the search for newer therapeutic modalities that might have the potential to correct the hemodynamic abnormalities of heart failure, improve ventricular function, relieve symptoms, and improve survival. Because it was initially postulated that the reduction of left ventricular outflow resistance and wall stress …
Functional correlates of musical and visual ability in frontotemporal dementia.

Background The emergence of new skills in the setting of dementia suggests that loss of function in one brain area can release new functions elsewhere. Aims To characterise 12 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) who acquired, or sustained, new musical or visual abilities despite progression of their dementia. Method Twelve patients with FTD who acquired or maintained musical or artistic ability were compared with 46 patients with FTD in whom new or sustained ability was absent. Results The group with musical or visual ability performed better on visual, but worse on verbal tasks than did the other patients with FTD. Nine had asymmetrical left anterior dysfunction. Nine showed the temporal lobe variant of FTD. Conclusion Loss of function in the left anterior temporal lobe may lead to facilitation of artistic or musical skills. Patients with the left-sided temporal lobe variant of FTD offer an unexpected window into the neurological mediation of visual and musical talents.