cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remote preoperative tonic-clonic seizures do not influence outcome after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Objectives Tonic-clonic seizures are associated with greater chance of seizure relapse after anterior temporal lobectomy. We investigated whether the interval between the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure and surgery relates to seizure outcome in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Methods In this retrospective study, patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2014. Postsurgical outcome was categorized as seizure freedom or relapse. The relationship between surgical outcome and the interval between the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure and surgery was investigated. Results One-hundred seventy-one patients were studied. Seventy nine (46.2%) patients experienced tonic-clonic seizures before surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve of timing of the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure was a moderate indicator to anticipate surgery failure (area under the curve: 0.657, significance; 0.016). The best cutoff that maximizes sensitivity and specificity was 27 months; with a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.60. Cox-Mantel analysis confirmed that the chance of becoming free of seizures after surgery in patients with no or remote history of preoperative tonic-clonic seizures was significantly higher compared with patients with a recent history (i.e., in 27 months before surgery) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions The more remote the occurrence of preoperative tonic-clonic seizures, the better the postsurgical seizure outcome, with at least a two year gap being more favorable. A recent history of tonic-clonic seizures in a patient with MTLE may reflect more widespread epileptogenicity extending beyond the borders of mesial temporal structures.
Association analysis of successive events data in the presence of competing risks.

We aim to close a methodological gap in analyzing durations of successive events that are subject to induced dependent censoring as well as competing-risk censoring. In the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians study, some patients who managed to recover from their symptomatic entry later developed a new depressive or manic episode. It is of great clinical interest to quantify the association between time to recovery and time to recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder. The estimation of the bivariate distribution of the gap times with independent censoring has been well studied. However, the existing methods cannot be applied to failure times that are censored by competing causes such as in the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians study. Bivariate cumulative incidence function has been used to describe the joint distribution of parallel event times that involve multiple causes. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is no method available for successive events with competing-risk cen...
HSX as an example of a resilient non-resonant divertor

This paper describes an initial description of the resilient divertor properties of quasi-symmetric (QS) stellarators using the HSX (Helically Symmetric eXperiment) configuration as a test-case. Divertors in high-performance QS stellarators will need to be resilient to changes in plasma configuration that arise due to evolution of plasma pressure profiles and bootstrap currents for divertor design. Resiliency is tested by examining the changes in strike point patterns from the field line following, which arise due to configurational changes. A low strike point variation with high configuration changes corresponds to high resiliency. The HSX edge displays resilient properties with configuration changes arising from the (1) wall position, (2) plasma current, and (3) external coils. The resilient behavior is lost if large edge islands intersect the wall structure. The resilient edge properties are corroborated by heat flux calculations from the fully 3-D plasma simulations using EMC3-EIRENE. Additionally, th...
Metaphysical Parallels of the Study of Values

Spranger’s six value regions, which underlie the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values, are shown to have ancient Oriental religious-philosophical antecedents and independent contemporary parallels—metaphysical, philosophical, and psychological.
The US Geriatric Psychiatry Approach to Delirium

Delirium is frequent among elderly patients, characterized by acute confusion, with alteration of consciousness, and inability to focus and sustain attention. It is frequently underdiagnosed and causes a large burden on the patient, family, caregivers, healthcare systems, and care facilities. It is a dangerous condition that has traditionally been thought of as reversible if the causative agent is identified and treated. It can, however, be quite prolonged and associated with the progression of dementia, increased cerebral atrophy, increased healthcare costs, and mortality. A low threshold of suspicion for its presence and multidisciplinary modes for treatment can help reduce its progression and can help restore a patient’s cognitive equilibrium. It is important to have multimodal treatment initiated as early as possible. Treatments include calm surroundings, reorientation aids, improved sleep patterns, cognitive stimulation from staff and family, and removing potential offending medications. Use of psychoactive medications may also provide additional symptom relief while searching for and treating any underlying conditions which may have precipitated delirium. If pain is suspected, scheduled treatment with non-opioids to the maximum extent and then judicious use of scheduled analgesics is warranted with awareness that opioids can contribute to delirium.
An Empirical Study of Open Standards

This study employs empirical data to provide insights into the impact of open standards. This work moves beyond the existing literature's reliance on hand-picked case studies by analyzing a very large number of open standards. The results of this research are timely as governments are advocating, and sometimes mandating, the use of open standards. Our study reveals inequalities in the impact of open standards that suggest a power-law relationship. We have also found that the duration of the development process in creating an open standard does not affect the ultimate impact of the standard, but that the length of the document describing the standard affects its impact. There are two datasets used in our analysis. The analysis focuses on standards developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) because it is held as the exemplar for developing open standards. The first set encompasses 3221 IETF publications from August 1987 to January 2006. The second set consists of 32 standards, selected randomly from 2000 to 2003. The variables of interest include information about the standard document, the authors, the development process, and the impact of the open standard. The first part of the analysis found a power-law relationship in the impact of open standards. A few open standards have a very high disproportionally large impact, while there are many other standards that have a slight impact. This relationship should not be surprising. Standards are analogous to other decisions that fit the power-law relationship, because people can freely choose between many standards. This result has implications for improving the development process within standards organizations. The second part of the analysis considers significant variables that affect the impact of open standards. Our results show that the length of the standard document (as measured by the number of words) is a crucial factor affecting the impact of a standard. The length of a standard often reflects the fact that there are multiple participants, divisiveness in opinions, and overall technical complexity, all of which suggest greater interest during the development process of the standard, likely resulting in a higher impact once the standard is promulgated. We also find that the duration of the development process does not affect the impact of an open standard. This finding carries significant policy implications as reforms are underway to shorten the IETF development process.
Isolated 13q14 abnormalities and normal karyotypes are associated with typical lymphocyte morphology in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology and karyotype were correlated across the spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities in 78 previously karyotyped cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cases were classified according to French-American-British morphologic criteria as typical CLL or CLL, mixed-cell type; the latter category was divided into CLL with a mixture of small and large cells and CLL with increased prolymphocytes (CLL/PL). Other leukemic lymphoproliferative disorders were excluded from this analysis. CLL cases with normal karyotypes were more likely to demonstrate typical morphology than those with clonal abnormalities (P = .042). In addition, all six cases containing isolated 13q14 abnormalities had typical morphology, compared with six of 16 other isolated abnormalities (P = .009), including one of seven cases of isolated trisomy 12. In contrast with the cases of isolated 13q14 changes, only seven of 17 cases with 13q14 as part of complex abnormalities had typical morphology (P = .012). Trisomy 12 was associated with mixed-cell morphology, particularly CLL/PL, consistent with previous reports. We conclude that isolated 13q14 abnormalities and normal karyotype are associated with typical CLL morphology, while other clonal abnormalities, including trisomy 12, are associated with mixed-cell morphology. These results further support the concept of distinct CLL subgroups based on karyotype. Furthermore, the association of trisomy 12 and complex abnormalities with mixed-cell morphology may have implications for clonal evolution in CLL.
Cosmetic surgery of black skin.

This article attempts to clarify the usual questions posed by the black patient to the surgeon. It is hoped that this discussion will in some way facilitate the patient selection process for the physician and provide a measure of reassurance to the patient seeking cosmetic surgery.
Associations Between Manual Dexterity and Language Ability in School-Age Children.

Purpose We aimed to determine whether individual differences in manual dexterity are associated with specific language skills (nonword repetition, receptive vocabulary, and receptive grammar) after...
The Stigma of Being a Young Parent: Development of a Measurement Tool and Predictors

Many young parents perceive stigma from their communities and experience barriers and discrimination in school and healthcare, which may result in health and social consequences. The current study develops and validates a Young Parent Stigma Scale (YPSS), and examines score variation. Young parent stigma was conceptualized using literature review and stakeholder interviews. We generated a pool of 66 items and conducted cognitive interviews with 12 young parents to pre-test and subsequently revise the items. A revised self-administered survey was completed by 370 parenting youth aged 13–24 across the USA. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to develop a 23-item scale with five subscales: internalized, enacted, anticipated, felt and racialized stigma. Each subscale had low to moderate correlation with the others (0.41–0.59), and demonstrated adequate internal reliability (α = 0.64–0.88). The total scale one-factor model loaded similarly as the five factor model (α = 0.92). YPSS total scale scores varied by sociodemographic characteristic, with male gender, lower socioeconomic status, northeast and southern residence, non-Christianity, and Arab/Middle–Eastern descent associated with higher stigma. Psychosocial experiences (postpartum mental and emotional well-being, and intimate partner violence) were also associated with higher total YPSS scale scores. The YPSS total scale and its subscales demonstrated good psychometric properties and this study highlights the groups of adolescent parents most affected. The YPSS can be used to measure the latent construct of young parent stigma and the subscales can be used independently to measure aspects of this construct.
Using Technology in ASD: Communication and the Triad of Impairment

In this chapter, advanced technologies are discussed; these provide value in autism research, intervention, instruction, communication, and support. Technology is discussed as a tool for providing education and social interaction. Advanced technologies like intelligent tutoring systems, video modeling, robotics, and simulated virtual environments are discussed as valuable tools to aid learning and understanding. Video modeling has been used to help learners with Autism develop initiation skills, take the perspective of others, and make requests. Robots have been used to foster social communication, collaboration, and joint attention. Simulated environments have been used to help learners on the autism spectrum develop social and academic competence.
Auto-regressive modeling and diagnostics for qPCR amplification

Abstract Current methods used to analyze real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data exhibit systematic deviations from the assumed model over the progression of the reaction. Slight variations in the amount of the initial target molecule or in early amplifications are likely responsible for these deviations. Commonly-used 4- and 5-parameter sigmoidal models appear to be particularly susceptible to this issue, often displaying patterns of autocorrelation in the residuals. The presence of this phenomenon, even for technical replicates, suggests that these parametric models may be misspecified. Specifically, they do not account for the sequential dependent nature of qPCR fluorescence measurements. We demonstrate that a Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model addresses this limitation by explicitly modeling the dependence between cycles and the gradual transition between amplification regimes. In summary, application of a STAR model to qPCR amplification data improves model fit and reduces autocorrelation in the residuals.
The Professional Ethics Exam and Acts Discreditable: An Introductory Assignment

ABSTRACT This practice-oriented assignment familiarizes accounting students with their states' professional ethics exam and illustrates the disciplinary proceedings process resulting from failed et...
A mini-review of technology, physical health and identity among youth in Cambodia: policy implications for the Cambodian ministry of education, youth and sports

Developing countries face myriad challenges to fit into the globalized and digital world. Research abounds in the westernized world about the benefits and perils of on onscreen time usage among youth. However, few developing countries have reflected on the serious nature of potential health threats resulting from hours spent daily online. This mini-review addresses three topics that indicate significant areas for concern: technology, health and identity. Drawing from the review, policy recommendations are offered for the Cambodian Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. The context in which Cambodia will need to address these concerns merits a short description of this country’s recent history and its consequences.
A Predictive Model for Intracardiac Pressures in Patients Free From Rejection or Allograft Vasculopathy After Pediatric Heart Transplantation.

Background Despite the routine use of hemodynamic assessment in pediatric heart transplant (HT) patients, expected intracardiac pressure measurements in patients free of significant complications are incompletely described. A better understanding of the range of intracardiac pressures in these HT patients is important for the clinical interpretation of these indices and consequent management of patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric HT recipients who had undergone HT between January 2010 and December 2015 at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. We analyzed intracardiac pressures measured in the first 12 mo after HT. We excluded those with rejection, graft coronary artery disease, mechanical support, or hemodialysis. We used a longitudinal general additive model with bootstrapping technique to generate age and donor-recipient size-specific curves to characterize filling pressures through 1-y post-HT. Results Pressure measurements from the right atrium, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were obtained in 85 patients during a total of 829 catheterizations. All pressure measurements were elevated in the immediate post-HT period and decreased to a stable level by post-HT day 90. Pressure measurements were not affected by age group, donor-recipient size differences, or ischemic time. Conclusions Intracardiac pressures are elevated in the early post-HT period and decrease to levels typical of the native heart by 90 d. Age, donor-to-recipient size differences, and ischemic time do not contribute to differences in expected intracardiac pressures in the first year post-HT.
Intelligent cell-based therapies for cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Synthetic biology, when combined with immunoengineering (designated synthetic immunology), has enabled the invention of an arsenal of genetically encoded synthetic devices and systems to reprogram cells for therapeutic purposes. The engineered intelligent cells can serve as ‘living’ drugs to treat a wide range of human diseases including cancer, disorders of the immune system, and infectious diseases. As the most successful example, cells of the immune system engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown curative potentials for the treatment of hematological malignancies. We present herein emerging approaches of designing smart CARs to improve their safety, specificity and efficacy in cellular immunotherapy, and describe latest advances in applying CAR-engineered immune cells to target cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Gender differences in the impact of electoral victory on satisfaction with democracy

Abstract Dozens of studies have shown that individuals who voted for the winning party in an election tend to be more satisfied with democracy than those who did not. However, a number of recent studies—many using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES)—demonstrate that this relationship varies according to individual- and election-level factors. In this paper, we introduce for the first time gender as a modifier of the effect of winning on satisfaction. We advance a theoretical argument about why gender, independent of its many correlates, should shape the extent to which electoral victory induces satisfaction. Specifically, we argue that the winning effect should be smaller for women than for men because of (1) gender-based differences in political socialization and (2) gaps in the symbolic connection with candidates and parties. Given this, we also expect that the gender gap in satisfaction is moderated by women's descriptive representation. To test our expectations, we use surveys from Modules I-IV of the CSES coupled with macro-level data sources. Results indicate a robust and precisely estimated gender-based disparity in the impact of winning on satisfaction, with its magnitude being comparatively small among women. This gap is smaller where women are well represented in the legislature, though the gender of the chief executive does not play a conditioning role.
Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: An Introduction

Substance use disorders must be understood in a developmental framework. Substance use initiation typically occurs in adolescence or young adulthood, and earlier initiation poses a number of risks for adverse outcomes. Additionally, maternal substance use during pregnancy poses risks for the developmental course of the child. This section is intended to provide a comprehensive and timely update across a number of key areas. Epidemiology and characteristic features of adolescent substance use are reviewed, demonstrating both long-standing associations and dynamic trends. In light of the heterogeneous and often complex nature of adolescent substance use, tailored strategies for screening, assessment, and management are highlighted. Suicide, ranking among the leading causes of death in adolescents, is often associated with substance use. This relationship is examined in detail, with implications for integrated clinical strategies to prevent mortality. Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use represent a critical area for research, given the clear implications for provision of prevention efforts. The latest advances in identifying psychosocial, genetic, and neurobiological risk factors, and their potential clinical applicability, are discussed. Finally, the array of developmental implications of maternal perinatal substance use for the mother, child, and mother/child dyad are highlighted, with a focus on practical clinical strategies to optimize outcomes. Overall, this section is crafted to synthesize the latest advances in understanding and addressing substance use in the developmental context of childhood and adolescence.
Axonal mRNA in human embryonic stem cell derived neurons

The identification of axonal mRNAs in model organisms has led to the discovery of multiple proteins synthesized within axons for functional roles such as axon guidance and injury response. The extent to which protein synthesis within the axon is conserved in humans is unknown. Here we used axon-isolating microfluidic chambers to characterize the axonal transcriptome of human embryonic stem cells (hESC-neurons) differentiated using a protocol for glutamatergic neurons. Using gene expression analysis, we identified mRNAs proportionally enriched in axons, representing a functionally unique local transcriptome as compared to the human neuronal transcriptome inclusive of somata and dendrites. Further, we found that the most abundant mRNAs within hESC-neuron axons were functionally similar to the axonal transcriptome of rat cortical neurons. We confirmed the presence of two well characterized axonal mRNAs in model organisms, β-actin and GAP43, within hESC-neuron axons using multiplexed single molecule RNA-FISH. Additionally, we report the novel finding that oxytocin mRNA localized to these human axons and confirmed its localization using RNA-FISH. This new evaluation of mRNA within human axons provides an important resource for studying local mRNA translation and has the potential to reveal both conserved and unique axonal mechanisms across species and neuronal types.
Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) susceptibility to six generalist predators

Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) was shown to transmit Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in a greenhouse study. Grapevines infected with GRBV exhibit reduced sugar accumulation, altered secondary metabolite production and delayed berry maturation that negatively impacts wine quality and economics. Augmentative biocontrol may be a useful integrated pest management (IPM) tool for suppressing S. festinus populations in vineyards, but minimal research has been conducted on testing potential predators against the different life stages of S. festinus. The susceptibility of S. festinus adults and nymphs (1st through 5th instar) to predation by six commercially available biocontrol agents in petri dish and bell bean plant arenas was determined under greenhouse conditions. No significant mortality of S. festinus nymphs or adults occurred when exposed to Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adults, C. montrouzieri larvae and Sympherobius barberi adults in petri dish or bell bean plant arenas. Significant mortality of 1st and 2nd instar nymphs of S. festinus in the presence of Zelus renardii nymphs was observed in petri dish but not in bell bean arenas. Hippodamia convergens adults and Chrysoperla rufilabris larvae both consumed a significant number of S. festinus nymphs in petri dish and bell bean arenas. No significant predation of S. festinus adults was documented in this experiment. Results of this study aid in identifying predators that may be suitable candidates for additional field testing to determine their potential efficacy as biocontrol agents of S. festinus in a vineyard setting.
“There’s no way we can teach all of this”: Factors that influence secondary history teachers’ content choices

This mixed-methods study explored the factors secondary history teachers use to determine historical content for their classrooms and the degree of perceived control in decision-making. Through a s...
Psychoneurobic programming for sustainability of mental health during lockdown

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On 11th March 2020, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic and reiterated the call for countries to take immediate actions and scale up the response to treat, detect and reduce transmission to save people’s lives. The COVID-19 global crisis has given rise to the new normal way of surviving, both personally and professionally. With individuals restricted within the four walls of their homes, mental health has taken a severe hit. Sixty-one percent of Indians are experiencing mental health-related issues because of the uncertainty and looming financial crisis during the lockdown as per the survey conducted by The Mavericks India. Women are struggling more than men as their workload has increased significantly with them carrying multiple responsibilities without any assistance from domestic helpers. It is crucial for the wellbeing of the people to lower down the effect of mental stresses to heal Psychosomatic diseases like mood, anxiety disorders, loss of memory, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, thyroid, chronic back pain, arthritis, migraine, respiratory disorder, hepatitis, sleep disorders, kidney problems, allergies, muscular atrophy, etc. are more prevalent and the incidence of schizophrenia has increased. In the present study, it will be shown the effectiveness of Psycho Neurobics, innovative techniques designed by my Guru, and guide Dr. Chandrashekhar Tiwari, founder president of SIGFA Institute of Research and Development, Faridabad, Haryana, India, on psychosomatic disorders arising due to lockdown. The results will be statistically analyzed and the probability for complete healing will be discussed.
A decomposition approach for solving tri-level defender-attacker-defender problems

Abstract Network-based systems widely appear in different service, community, industrial, and economic systems such as electric power, water supply, transportation, and telecommunication networks. Due to the significant role of such systems in society, it is essential to have an effective plan to enhance the resilience of infrastructure networks against disruption (e.g., natural disasters, malevolent attacks, or operational failures). In relation to the concept of resilience, two relevant questions arise: (i) how does performance degrade after a disruption, or what is the vulnerability of the system? and (ii) how rapid does the disrupted system return to the desired performance level, or how can we characterize the system’s recoverability? To enhance the resilience of a system against disruption, we address simultaneous actions of vulnerability reduction and recoverability enhancement through interdiction model, particularly defender-attacker-defender (DAD) model. However, the proposed model is computationally challenging to solve. To deal with this issue, we design a decomposition-based solution algorithm as a general framework to optimally solve tri-level DAD models in more efficiently. The proposed solution technique is demonstrated with the existing DAD model, namely a tri-level protection-interdiction-restoration model. To define the critical components subject to protection and disruption, an efficient clustering technique is applied which results in generating three sets of candidate components based on three centrality measures. We represent an illustrative case study based on the system of interdependent infrastructure networks in Shelby County, TN, for which we solve the model and assess the computational results for each set of candidate components. The results indicate that the proposed solution algorithm substantially outperforms the traditional covering decomposition method with regard to computational complexity, particularly for the higher budget scenarios. Finally, we compare and analyze the results of the existing interdiction model, the protection-interdiction-restoration formulation represented by M-I, with a new protection-interdiction-counteraction model, denoted by M-II, in which the restoration level is not considered. Results suggest that although M-I is a comprehensive interdiction model relative to M-II, it suffers substantially from computational complexity. Therefore, there exists a tradeoff between employing a more comprehensive model with higher computational complexity and neglecting the recovery process with the interdiction model.
What can the millions of random treatments in nonexperimental data reveal about causes

We propose a new method to estimate causal effects from nonexperimental data. Each pair of sample units is first associated with a stochastic 'treatment' - differences in factors between units - and an effect - a resultant outcome difference. It is then proposed that all such pairs can be combined to provide more accurate estimates of causal effects in observational data, provided a statistical model connecting combinatorial properties of treatments to the accuracy and unbiasedness of their effects. The article introduces one such model and a Bayesian approach to combine the $O(n^2)$ pairwise observations typically available in nonexperimnetal data. This also leads to an interpretation of nonexperimental datasets as incomplete, or noisy, versions of ideal factorial experimental designs. This approach to causal effect estimation has several advantages: (1) it expands the number of observations, converting thousands of individuals into millions of observational treatments; (2) starting with treatments closest to the experimental ideal, it identifies noncausal variables that can be ignored in the future, making estimation easier in each subsequent iteration while departing minimally from experiment-like conditions; (3) it recovers individual causal effects in heterogeneous populations. We evaluate the method in simulations and the National Supported Work (NSW) program, an intensively studied program whose effects are known from randomized field experiments. We demonstrate that the proposed approach recovers causal effects in common NSW samples, as well as in arbitrary subpopulations and an order-of-magnitude larger supersample with the entire national program data, outperforming Statistical, Econometrics and Machine Learning estimators in all cases...
National routine adult immunisation programmes among World Health Organization Member States: an assessment of health systems to deploy COVID-19 vaccines

Introduction As SARS-CoV-2 disproportionately affects adults, the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine response will rely on adult immunisation infrastructures. Aim To assess adult immunisation programmes in World Health Organization (WHO) Member States. Methods We evaluated country reports from 2018 on adult immunisation programmes sent to WHO and UNICEF. We described existing programmes and used multivariable regression to identify independent factors associated with having them. Results Of 194 WHO Member States, 120 (62%) reported having at least one adult immunisation programme. The Americas and Europe had the highest proportions of adult immunisation programmes, most commonly for hepatitis B and influenza vaccines (> 47% and > 91% of countries, respectively), while Africa and South-East Asia had the lowest proportions, with < 11% of countries reporting adult immunisation programmes for hepatitis B or influenza vaccines, and none for pneumococcal vaccines. In bivariate analyses, high or upper-middle country income, introduction of new or underused vaccines, having achieved paediatric immunisation coverage goals and meeting National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups basic functional indicators were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with having an adult immunisation programme. In multivariable analyses, the most strongly associated factor was country income, with high- or upper-middle-income countries significantly more likely to report having an adult immunisation programme (adjusted odds ratio: 19.3; 95% confidence interval: 6.5–57.7). Discussion Worldwide, 38% of countries lack adult immunisation programmes. COVID-19 vaccine deployment will require national systems for vaccine storage and handling, delivery and waste management to target adult risk groups. There is a need to strengthen immunisation systems to reach adults with COVID-19 vaccines.
Differences in late adolescent psychopathology among youth with histories of co-occurring abuse and neglect experiences.

Abstract Background Knowledge about the impacts of child abuse and neglect (CAN) experiences on late adolescent psychopathology has been limited by a failure to consider the frequent co-occurrence of CAN types and potential unique impacts of specific combinations. Objective Using person-centered analyses, we aimed to identify unobserved groups of youth with similar patterns of lifetime CAN experiences before age 16 and differences in psychopathology symptom counts between groups two years later. Participants and setting Participants were 919 adolescent-caregiver dyads (56% female; 56% Black, 7% Latina/o, 13% mixed/other). Methods Prospective, multi-informant data, including child protective services records and caregiver and youth reports were collected, and youth completed a diagnostic interview at age 18. Results Latent Class Analyses classified adolescents into four distinct groups based on patterns of physical neglect, supervisory neglect, and physical, sexual, and psychological abuse: “Low-Risk” (37%), “Neglect” (19%), “Abuse” (11%), and “Multi-type CAN” (33%). The Multi-type CAN class had significantly more major depressive, generalized anxiety, and nicotine use symptoms than the Low-Risk class, and more post-traumatic stress, antisocial personality, and illicit substance use symptoms, than Low-Risk and Neglect classes. The Abuse class had significantly more generalized anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms than the Low-Risk class, and more major depressive, antisocial personality, and illicit substance use symptoms, than Low-Risk and Neglect classes. The Neglect class did not have elevated psychopathology symptoms. Conclusion Findings highlight important differences in the associations between lifetime CAN experience patterns and psychopathology. Researchers should explore mechanisms underlying psychopathology that are impacted by different CAN experience patterns.
Effect of Cofactor Structure on Control of Electron Transfer Rates at the Q A Site of the Reaction Center Protein

The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center protein (RC) catalyzes the conversion of light to electrochemical energy through a sequence of photon- initiated electron transfer reactions between redox cofactors held at fixed distances in the protein [1–4]. The primary processes are elicited by absorption of a photon by the primary donor, a dimer of bacteriochlorophyll ([BChl]2). The first excited singlet state of the dimer, [BChl]2*, transfers an electron over 10 A in 3 ps to a bacteriopheophytin (BPh). The BPh− in turn reduces a quinone bound at the QA site to form an anionic semiquinone in 0.2 ns (for a review, see: [5]). Numerous experimental efforts have aimed to identify the factors which control the remarkable near unit quantum yield and temperature independence of the RC processes [6–9], often with an eye toward emulation in artificial photosynthetic devices [10]. Here, we examine the role of structural components of the quinone cofactor in determining electron transfer rates at the RC QA site.
Revisiting readability of management information systems journals

Academicians and practitioners in the Information Systems (IS) use the IS publications to acquire information about the latest developments in the field. Some publications are harder to understand than others and may not be effective if the reader is not capable of fully compre­ hending the contents. Therefore, of great consequence is the readability of journals in the field. This paper presents results of a survey conducted to determine the readability of information systems journals based on the Flesch-Kincaid Formula. INTRODUCTION People won't read what they can't understand. In a flourishing technical discipline like information systems, the difference between merely acceptable writing and truly good writing often is the difference between a manuscript that is read and one that is not. Thus, a high level of readability should be required of all papers submitted for publications in information systemstype journals. Authors should reaUze that a high degree of readability does not mean avoiding the meticulousness approacli to an article, or shunning the needed technical aspects that should be included. Rather, according to Burman (1991) it means implementing the fundamentals of organization and presentation that one has learned in an undergraduate English composition class. The goal of this paper is to pnjsent the results of a survey that examined the readability and comprehension of nine information systems journals. Our findings are also compared with an earlier study by Partow-Navid and Beheshitan (1991). SURVEY METHODOLOGY The authors selected a group of nine popular journals from information systems-type pub­ lications. The Flesch-Kincaid formula was applied to the journals to measure their readability. The journals were then ranked according to their readability index and conclusions on their readability were drawn based upon the ranking results.
Sensor Management Problems of Nuclear Detection

Terrorist nuclear attack is a potentially devastating threat to homeland security. It is increasingly important to have the capability to intercept illicit nuclear materials entering the country and to monitor for nuclear threats emerging from within. The effective use of sensors for nuclear and radiological detection requires choosing the right type of sensor, putting it in the right place and activating it at the right time. It also involves interpreting the results of sensor alarms and making decisions that balance various types of risk and uncertainty based on those results. This article describes a variety of approaches to sensor management for nuclear detection that revolve around formulating the related problems using precise mathematical language and then developing tools of the mathematical sciences to solve them. It emphasizes a variety of approaches to sensor management in a multi-institution project on nuclear detection, which is based at Rutgers University and includes Princeton University and Texas State University-San Marcos.
Deciding recognizability under Dolev-Yao intruder model

The importance of reasoning about recognizability has recently been stressed in finding type flaw attacks, in which a protocol message may be forged from another message. However, the problem of deciding recognizability has never been fully exploited. To fill this gap, we present a terminating procedure to decide recognizability under the standard Dolev-Yao model. By incorporating the proposed procedure with Athena, a well-know security protocol verifier, our experiments succeed in finding potential type flaw attacks.
Relationship of Dynamic Balance to Speed and to Ability in Swimming

Abstract High and significant r's were found between dynamic balance (as measured by the Bass Test) and speed in swimming (−.75 ± .05), and dynamic balance and ability in swimming (.65 ± .07). Also, t ratios calculated between these same abilities indicated that dynamic balance is not a chance factor and may be an important factor in speed and in ability in swimming. Further study is needed to determine whether there is a cause and effect relationship between these factors.
Cross‐functional team effectiveness: An examination of internal team environment, shared leadership, and cohesion influences

Purpose – Current research remains unclear on what factors contribute to cross‐functional team (CFT) success. Thus, the primary purpose of this investigation is to examine internal factors of the team (namely internal team environment, shared leadership, and cohesion) and the influence of each factor on CFT effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling is used to empirically examine the data collected from an undergraduate student sample. Teams worked competitively on a complex task requiring functional area expertise.Findings – Results from the study indicate internal team environment influences effectiveness through shared leadership and cohesion as found in other forms of teams. However, unique to CFTs, internal team environment is not directly related to effectiveness, and shared leadership does not directly influence cohesion. The findings suggest that in CFTs, internal team environment indirectly influences effectiveness.Research limitations/implications – The findings of ...
Improved fiber-reinforced SiC composites fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration

Fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites by a patented chemical vapor infiltration process has continued. Modifications to the process used for infiltration of unidirectional preforms resulted in more uniform matrix deposition throughout the preform and improved mechanical properties of the composites. Infiltration of improved cloth preforms containing more uniform porosity resulted in composites with fewer and smaller voids.
Abstract P078: Effects Of Individual Dietary Factors On Metabolic Risks Within The Context Of Overall Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis

Background: Effects of dietary factors on cardiometabolic risk are often studied in isolation. Yet, multiple dietary components are often consumed together, which may alter effects of individual dietary factors. Objective: To quantify effects of 7 diet components (fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish, dietary fiber) when consumed within the context of overall dietary patterns on major metabolic risks. Methods: Using MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched multiple databases to identify randomized controlled feeding studies evaluating effects of diet patterns on cardiometabolic risk factors. We focused on trials evaluating major diet patterns that included fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish, and dietary fiber as major components and tested effects on BP, lipids, BMI or waist circumference, or glucose-insulin homeostasis (fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test, postprandial glucose, fasting insulin). Studies were excluded if <4 weeks, utilized diet ...
Using ecological momentary assessment to examine interpersonal and affective predictors of loss of control eating in adolescent girls

Objective Pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating is predictive of partial- and full-syndrome binge eating disorder. The interpersonal model proposes that LOC eating is used to cope with negative mood states resulting from interpersonal distress, possibly on a momentary level. We therefore examined temporal associations between interpersonal problems, negative affect, and LOC eating among overweight adolescent girls using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method Thirty overweight and obese (≥85th body mass index (BMI) percentile; BMI: M = 36.13, SD = 7.49 kg/m2) adolescent females (Age: M = 14.92, SD = 1.54 y; 60.0% African American) who reported at least two LOC episodes in the past month completed self-report momentary ratings of interpersonal problems, state affect, and LOC eating for 2 weeks. A series of 2-level multilevel models with centering within subjects was conducted. Results Between- and within-subjects interpersonal problems (p's < .05), but not between- (p = .12) or within- (p = .32) subjects negative affect predicted momentary LOC eating. At the between-subjects level, interpersonal problems significantly predicted increases in negative affect (p < 001). Discussion Naturalistic data lend support to the predictive value of interpersonal problems for LOC eating among adolescents. Interventions targeting interpersonal factors on a momentary basis may be useful during this developmental stage. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:748–757)
Implementation and Verification of the chen Prediction Technique for Forecasting Large Nonrecurrent Storms

ABSTRACT The Chen prediction technique is designed to identify and predict accurately the occurrence, duration, and strength of large geomagnetic storms using real-time solar wind data. It estimates the interplanetary magnetic field and the geoeffectiveness of the solar wind upstream of a monitor and can provide warning times that range from a few hours to (in principle) more than 10 hours. The model identifies physical features of solar wind structures that cause large storms: long durations of southward interplanetary magnetic field. It is currently undergoing testing, improvement, and validation at the Space Environment Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to transition it into a real-time space weather forecasting tool. In this paper, we report on the results of a 3-year historical verification study of the hourly-updated version of the model using ACE MAG Level 2 data. A real-time prediction web page has been developed and is on line at the Space Environment Center.
Nutrition and aging: a current assessment

A literature review summarizes and discusses recent findings on the associations between nutritional status and aging. Specific attention is focused on 2 aspects: (1) aging retardation via food intake restriction (considering experimental rodent studies on the effects of food restriction on survival in aging and on the possible mechanisms of action associated with increased longivity in food restriction); and (2) the purported influence of specific nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate) on aging. The relevance of the findings of experimental animal studies to the human situation also is discussed.(wz)
A systematic comparison of 18F-C-SNAT to established radiotracer imaging agents for the detection of tumor response to treatment

Purpose: An early readout of tumor response to therapy through measurement of drug or radiation-induced cell death may provide important prognostic indications and improved patient management. It has been shown that the uptake of 18 F-C-SNAT can be used to detect early response to therapy in tumors by positron emission tomography (PET) via a mechanism of caspase-3–triggered nanoaggregation. Experimental Design: Here, we compared the preclinical utility of 18 F-C-SNAT for the detection of drug-induced cell death to clinically evaluated radiotracers, 18 F-FDG, 99m Tc-Annexin V, and 18 F-ML-10 in tumor cells in culture, and in tumor-bearing mice in vivo . Results: In drug-treated lymphoma cells, 18 F-FDG, 99m Tc-Annexin V, and 18 F-C-SNAT cell-associated radioactivity correlated well to levels of cell death ( R 2 > 0.8; P 18 F-ML-10 ( R 2 = 0.05; P > 0.05). A similar pattern of response was observed in two human NSCLC cell lines following carboplatin treatment. EL-4 tumor uptake of 99m Tc-Annexin V and 18 F-C-SNAT were increased 1.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively, in drug-treated versus naive control animals ( P 99m Tc-Annexin V binding did not correlate to ex vivo TUNEL staining of tissue sections. A differential response was not observed with either 18 F-FDG or 18 F-ML-10. Conclusions: We have demonstrated here that 18 F-C-SNAT can sensitively detect drug-induced cell death in murine lymphoma and human NSCLC. Despite favorable image contrast obtained with 18 F-C-SNAT, the development of next-generation derivatives, using the same novel and promising uptake mechanism, but displaying improved biodistribution profiles, are warranted for maximum clinical utility. Clin Cancer Res; 1–10. ©2015 AACR.