cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blurring the Lines of Play and Work to Create Blended Classroom Learning Experiences

Researchers exploring children’s perceptions of play in a prekindergarten and a K/1 classroom found a new category of classroom activities that combined elements of play and work. These blended learning activities were characterized by blurred lines between play and work, shared control of classroom activities, and spontaneity present in the learning experiences.
Oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

Thirty-nine evaluable, postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally at daily doses of 800 mg/day in 29 patients and 400 mg/day in 10 patients. One patient experienced a complete remission and 16 had partial remissions for an objective remission rate of 44%. There was no apparent difference in response between the two dose levels. Median remission duration was 8 months, and median survival for the whole group is expected to exceed 18 months. Increased appetite (66%) and weight gain (97%) were the most common side effects, followed by fluid retention, muscle cramps, and increased blood pressure. Performance status improved and white blood cell and platelet counts increased in the majority of patients. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an effective hormonal agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
Modeling Finger Capabilities for Use in Assessment and Monitoring of Hand Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation of the hand is often necessary for individuals to regain function following events such as a stroke, injury, or surgery [1]. To understand whether function is being restored with rehabilitation, measures of function must be quantified and presented in a manner that shows the current level of progress in comparison with the initial and potential abilities. The model presented in this research represents a unique way to view and interpret functional abilities and limitations of the hand prior to, during, and after rehabilitation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Ovariectomy-induced reductions in endothelial SK3 channel activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in murine mesenteric arteries.

Mesenteric artery endothelium expresses both small (SK3)- and intermediate (IK1)-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels whose activity modulates vascular tone via endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Two other major endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathways utilize nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2). To examine how ovariectomy (ovx) affects the basal activity and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced activity of each of these three pathways to vasorelaxation, we used wire myograph and electrophysiological recordings. The results from functional studies using isolated murine mesenteric arteries show that ovx reduces ACh-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to decreased EDH and NO contributions, although the contribution of PGI2 is upregulated. Both endothelial SK3 and IK1 channels are functionally coupled to TRPV4 (transient receptor potential, vanilloid type 4) channels: the activation of TRPV4 channels activates SK3 and IK1 channels, leading to EDH-mediated vascular relaxation. The decreased EDH-mediated vasorelaxation in ovx vessels is due to reduced SK3 channel contribution to the pathway. Further, whole-cell recordings using dispersed endothelial cells also show reduced SK3 current density in ovx endothelial cells. Consequently, activation of TRPV4 channels induces smaller changes in whole-cell current density. Thus, ovariectomy leads to a reduction in endothelial SK3 channel activity thereby reducing the SK3 contribution to EDH vasorelaxation.
APPARENT UNILATERAL URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION IN THE NEWBORN: EXPECTATIONS FOR RESOLUTION

AbstractPurpose: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with prenatal hydronephrosis to characterize those in whom it was more likely to resolve with conservative management.Materials and Methods: We studied 51 patients in a 4-year period who presented with nonspecific unilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed by prenatal and confirmed by postnatal sonography. Patients were followed with sequential nuclear renograms with furosemide washout to evaluate function and drainage. In all cases a nonoperative approach was attempted. Pyeloplasty was performed only for poor or decreasing kidney function and/or drainage.Results: Four of the 51 patients were lost to followup, 21 of the remaining 47 (45%) eventually underwent surgery, and 26 (55%) had complete normalization of renal function and washout pattern without surgery. There was no statistically significant correlation between hydronephrosis grade on initial postnatal sonography and the likelihood of nonsurgical resolution. However, the shape of the wa...
Sexual Socialization Messages in Mainstream Entertainment Mass Media: A Review and Synthesis

Results of recent research on the effects of the mainstream entertainment mass media on youth sexuality indicate that studies that do not take care to link particular types of media content to conceptually related outcomes are likely to yield results inconsistent with theoretical expectations. The purpose of this article is to facilitate content sensitive research by providing a review of the literature that researchers can use as a reference point when considering which questions to pose in their efforts to assess the effects of sexual entertainment media content on young people. Key results of content analyses of sexual portrayals in programs popular with adolescents across the entire television landscape, in prime-time programming popular with adolescents, soap operas, music videos, talk shows, feature length films, and magazines targeting adolescent and young adult females and males are presented, differences and similarities across genres are highlighted, and implications for future research are considered.
Dopamine, in the presence of tyrosinase, covalently modifies and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase

Dopamine has been implicated as a potential mediating factor in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Dopamine can be oxidized to form a reactive dopamine quinone that can covalently modify cellular macromolecules including protein and DNA. This oxidation can be enhanced through various enzymes including tyrosinase and/or prostaglandin H synthase. One of the potential targets in brain for dopamine quinone damage is tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. The present studies demonstrated that dopamine quinone, the formation of which was enhanced through the activity of the melanin biosynthetic enzyme, tyrosinase, covalently modified and inactivated tyrosine hydroxylase. Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA; the catechol-containing precursor of dopamine) also inactivated tyrosine hydroxylase under these conditions. Catecholamine-mediated inactivation occurred with both purified tyrosine hydroxylase as well as enzyme present in crude pheochromocytoma homogenates. Inactivation was associated with covalent incorporation of radiolabelled dopamine into the enzyme as assessed by immunoprecipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and denaturing sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the covalent modification and inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase was blocked by antioxidant compounds (dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione, or NADH). In addition to kinetic feedback inhibition and the formation of an inhibitory dopamine/Fe+3 complex, these findings suggest that a third mechanism exists by which dopamine (or DOPA) can inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase, adding further complexity to the regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis.
Preparation of Highly Labeled [32P]Nucleic Acids from Yeast; Isolation of "Denaturable" Leucine Acceptor Transfer RNA

Culture conditions were developed that permit efficient incorporation of [32P]phosphate into nucleic acids of baker's yeast. RNA sufficiently labeled for sequence determination was obtained in this way. Pure "denaturable" leucine acceptor transfer RNA (tRNALeu3) was isolated for this purpose.
Observations on Some Symptoms of Vitamin A Deficiency in Chicks

Abstract SEVERAL investigators have reported a staggering gait, or “ataxia,” as one of the characteristic symptoms of vitamin A deficiency in chicks. Frohring and Wyeno (1934) state that practically all of the chicks they used showed marked ataxia from 3 to 14 days before complete depletion of vitamin A and death, and suggest that the first signs of ataxia would be a safer end point to begin giving the curative dose if chicks are to be used for quantitative tests of vitamin A after depletion. Elvehjem and Neu (1932) describe a staggering gait and a general incoordination of movements among other symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, and state that all chicks placed on their diet developed all of the specific symptoms they described. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Observations were made of the bursa of Fabricius in a total of 536 chicks, of ataxia in a total of 226 chicks, and of retention cysts . . .
Fermentation of aqueous extract of peanuts with Lactobacillus bulgaricus in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor

Abstract Lactobacillus bulgaricus was used to ferment an aqueous extract of peanuts ( Arachis hypogea ) (peanut milk) unsupplemented and supplemented with 2% glucose in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor system. Glucose-supplemented peanut milk supported increased cell populations and resulted in a greater decrease in pH and higher titratable acidity compared to unsupplemented peanut milk. Changes in viscosity and the dissolved oxygen content during fermentation of the unsupplemented and supplemented peanut milks were similar. Total carbohydrate and reducing sugar content in supplemented peanut milk was decreased substantially during fermentation.
Consistent price determination of income and production: A singular equation system applied to the MPS model

In this article we present a general methodology that can be used to estimate a singular equation system of relative prices for a large disaggregated macroeconometric model (MPS). The accounts consistency requirements and the necessity to utilize distributed lag restrictions and to impose a serial correlation structure on the estimated model make these sum constraints rather cumbersome. Estimates of the MPS model and multiplier analysis illustrate the use of these constraints on a large forecasting model as well as the feasibility of the technique.
Final state gluon polarization in large transverse momentum quarkonium production

We calculate the polarization of the final state gluon in the processes thought to dominate large transverse momentum quarkonium production atep colliders ( $$(\gamma g \to g^3 S_1 (Q\bar Q))$$ ) and at hadron colliders $$(gg \to g^3 S_1 (Q\bar Q), gg \to g^3 P_J (Q\bar Q) (J = 0,1,2))$$ . We find that the polarization is never more than 10%.
Effects of insulin on the adaptation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in rat adipose tissue☆

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of insulin on adipose tissue glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were studied. 2. 2. At physiological concentrations of glucose, insulin, added to the incubation medium, stimulated the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, but not 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, in epididymal adipose tissue, from starved or diabetic rats, incubated in vitro for 16 h. 3. 3. The inhibitors actinomycin D (5 μg/ml) and cycloheximide (1 mg/ml) blocked the insulin stimulation.
Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated and Voltage-Activated K+ Channels Contribute to the Rise and Maintenance of Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation and Maintenance of Blood Pressure

Uterine blood flow (UBF) increases greater than 4-fold 90 min after systemic estradiol-17β (E2β) in nonpregnant sheep and remains elevated longer than 6-8 h; mean arterial pressure (MAP) is unchanged. Large-conductance Ca(+2)-activated (BK(Ca)) and voltage-activated (K(V)) K(+) channels contribute to the acute rise in UBF; their role in maintaining UBF and MAP longer than 90 min is unknown. We examined this in five nonpregnant, ovariectomized ewes with uterine artery (UA) flow probes and catheters in a UA for infusion of K(+) channel inhibitors and uterine vein to sample venous effluent. Animals received systemic E2β (1.0 μg/kg; control), E2β+UA tetraethylammonium (TEA; 0.4-0.8 mm, n = 4), and E2β+UA 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.01-0.08 mm, n = 4) to block BK(Ca) and K(V), respectively, while monitoring MAP, heart rate, and UBF. Uterine cGMP synthesis was measured. Ninety minutes after E2β, UBF rose 4.5-fold, uterine vascular resistance (UVR) fell greater than 5-fold and MAP was unchanged [78 ± 0.8 (sem) vs. 77 ± 1.5 mm Hg] in control studies and before UA inhibition with TEA and 4-AP. Between 90 and 120min, UBF, UVR, and MAP were unchanged after E2β alone. E2β+TEA dose dependently decreased ipsilateral UBF and increased UVR (24 ± 8.9 and 38 ± 16%, respectively, at 0.8 mm; P < 0.03); MAP was unchanged. Contralateral UBF/UVR were unaffected. E2β+4-AP also dose dependently decreased ipsilateral UBF and increased UVR (27 ± 5.3 and 76 ± 18%, respectively, at 0.08 mm; P < 0.001); however, MAP rose 27 ± 6.9% (P ≤ 0.006). E2β increased uterine cGMP synthesis greater than 3.5-fold and was unaffected by local K(+) channel inhibition. BK(Ca) and K(V) contribute to the rise and maintenance of E2β-induced uterine vasodilation, which is partially cGMP dependent. Systemic vascular K(V) also contributes to maintaining MAP after systemic E2β.
HOLE SELF-ENERGY CORRECTIONS IN THE BRUECKNER THEORY

To study corrections to hole propagators in Brueckner theory, an extension of the Hugenholtz convolution theorem is proved. An integral equation is derived for a class of Brueckner hole corrections and approximate solutions are obtained, one of which gives the usual prescription that makes holes propagate on the energy shell. The derivation shows which class of diagrams are included in this prescription and suggests that a more accurate treatment might be needed.
Trophic factors in the pathogenesis and therapy for retinal degenerative diseases

Trophic factors are endogenously secreted proteins that act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to affect vital cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration, thereby maintaining overall cell homeostasis. In the eye, the major contributors of these molecules are the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and Muller cells. The primary paracrine targets of these secreted proteins include the photoreceptors and choriocapillaris. Retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are characterized by aberrant function and/or eventual death of RPE cells, photoreceptors, choriocapillaris, and other retinal cells. We discuss results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies in which candidate trophic factors, either singly or in combination, were used in an attempt to ameliorate photoreceptor and/or retinal degeneration. We also examine current trophic factor therapies as they relate to the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in clinical studies.
Colorectal Emergencies and Related Complications: A Comprehensive Imaging Review— Noninfectious and Noninflammatory Emergencies of Colon

OBJECTIVE. In this article, we illustrate imaging findings of colorectal emergencies encountered in the acute setting that are primarily noninfectious and noninflammatory in origin. Our review should enable the reader to identify and understand common colorectal emergencies and related complications in clinical practice. CONCLUSION. The diagnosis of colorectal emergencies is mostly straightforward, but it can be challenging because of the overlap of presenting symptoms and imaging findings. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the cause, narrow the differential diagnosis, and identify associated complications.
Quasi-scaling of the extinction efficiency of spheres in high frequency Bessel beams

The extinction efficiency Qext of a sphere is defined to be the ratio of its extinction cross section to the area of its profile. For non-dissipative situations Qext reduces to the scattering efficiency. For a sphere centered on the axis of a Bessel beam Qext has a complicated dependence on dimensionless frequency ka and on the conic angle β of the beam, even in the simple case of a rigid sphere. With appropriate scaling using Babinet's principle, however, the dependence reduces approximately to a function of ka sin(β) when ka is large. An example is also shown for a metal shell in water.
Effects of chronic opiate and opioid antagonist treatment on striatal opioid peptides

It has long been speculated that feedback inhibition of endogenous opioid neurons may have a role in opiate tolerance and dependence. However, in studies in which opiates or opioid antagonists have been administered to animals, mixed results have been obtained on the ability of these drugs to regulate endogenous opioids. The present studies were undertaken to determine the effects of chronic administration of opiate drugs on opioid peptides. These studies focused on the regulation of prodynorphin (Prodyn) and proenkephalin (Proenk) peptides in striatal tissue. Morphine, whether administered by chronic infusion or repeated injection, was found to increase the concentration of Prodyn peptides in striatum. Increases were statistically significant in the sensorimotor dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen) but not in the limbic-motor ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle). No changes in Prodyn peptides were found following chronic administration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone. No changes in the Proenk peptide MERGL were found following chronic treatment with morphine or naltrexone. These studies are consistent with the suggestion that Prodyn neurons may have a role in the consequences of long-term opiate administration.
Evaluation of Blood Regimen on the Survival of Cimex lectularius L. Using Life Table Parameters

Knowledge of bed bug development under varying conditions can lead to more sophisticated management techniques. Development rate, age and stage-specific life tables were compared for a laboratory strain (HS) and field strain (ECL-05) of bed bug Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) reared on two blood regimens: human or rabbit blood. Harlan and ECL-05 bed bugs reared on human blood had a life expectancy of 207 and 208 days respectively from the egg stage. Egg to adult development of HS bed bugs reared on human blood (~35 days) was significantly longer than that of the ECL-05 strain (~33 days) in the third, fourth, and fifth instars. The HS and ECL-05 bed bugs reared on rabbit blood had a life expectancy of 149 and 174 days respectively. Egg to adult development time of HS on rabbit blood (~52 days) was significantly longer than ECL-05 (~37 days) in every instar, and HS total life span was significantly shorter compared to ECL-05. Developmental differences based on strain and blood regimen suggest rabbit blood is an inferior blood source for colony maintenance, and strain has variable effects on bed bug development. Findings suggest that blood regimen should strongly be considered in bed bug colony maintenance.
Intraspecific phylogeography of Lasmigona subviridis (Bivalvia: Unionidae): conservation implications of range discontinuity

A nucleotide sequence analysis of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) between the 5.8S and 18S ribosomal DNA genes (640 bp) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (576 bp) was conducted for the freshwater bivalve Lasmigona subviridis and three congeners to determine the utility of these regions in identifying phylogeographic and phylogenetic structure. Sequence analysis of the ITS-1 region indicated a zone of discontinuity in the genetic population structure between a group of L. subviridis populations inhabiting the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers and more southern populations. Moreover, haplotype patterns resulting from variation in the COI region suggested an absence of gene exchange between tributaries within two different river drainages, as well as between adjacent rivers systems. The authors recommend that the northern and southern populations, which are reproductively isolated and constitute evolutionarily significant lineages, be managed as separate conservation units. Results from the COI region suggest that, in some cases, unionid relocations should be avoided between tributaries of the same drainage because these populations may have been reproductively isolated for thousands of generations. Therefore, unionid bivalves distributed among discontinuous habitats (e.g. Atlantic slope drainages) potentially should be considered evolutionarily distinct. The DNA sequence divergences observed in the nuclear and mtDNA regions among the Lasmigona species were congruent, although the level of divergence in the COI region was up to three times greater. The genus Lasmigona, as represented by the four species surveyed in this study, may not be monophyletic.
Renal transplantation in recipients over the age of 60: the impact of donor age.

BACKGROUND: Kidneys from older donors exhibit a series of changes characterized by glomerular, vascular, and tubular senescence. These changes may be aggravated by atherosclerosis, hypertension, or diabetes, which are highly prevalent in older individuals. METHODS: We analyzed the outcome after transplantation in 230 recipients over the age of 60, who received transplants between February 1990 and December 1996. We assessed the 1- and 5-year patient and graft survival, the quality of renal function, tacrolimus levels, the incidence of rejection, and the incidence of delayed graft function, and compared the outcomes in recipients of kidneys from donors over the age of 60 (group 1, n = 40) with those in recipients of kidneys from donors under the age of 60 (group 2, n = 190). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of recipient sex, race, age, and cold ischemia time. Immunosuppression was with tacrolimus and steroids in 61% of cases; in the remainder of the patients, a third agent, either azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (for 1 week), or mycophenolate mofetil was administered as well. The median follow-up was 31.5 months (range: 1-86). RESULTS: In recipients over the age of 60 receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, overall patient survival at 1 and 5 years was 90% and 76%, and was not significantly compromised in recipients receiving a kidney from a donor over the age of 60. The overall 1-and 5-year actuarial graft survival was 84% and 64%; in recipients from donors over the age of 60, it was 73% and 52%, whereas in recipients of kidneys from donors under the age of 60, it was 87% and 66% (P<0.05). Most of the effect on graft survival was seen by 1 year. The mean serum creatinine was 2.6+/-2.7 mg/dl, without any difference between the two groups. Although the incidence of delayed graft function was higher in recipients of kidneys from donors over the age of 60, this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall outcomes of transplantation in older recipients remain reasonable, the inferior outcomes with older donor kidneys call into question proposals to utilize older donor kidneys preferentially in older recipients.
Multi-modal low cost mobile indoor surveillance system on the Robust Artificial Intelligence-based Defense Electro Robot (RAIDER)

We present an autonomous system capable of performing security check routines. The surveillance machine, the Clearpath Husky robotic platform, is equipped with three IP cameras with different orientations for the surveillance tasks of face recognition, human activity recognition, autonomous navigation and 3D reconstruction of its environment. Combining the computer vision algorithms onto a robotic machine has given birth to the Robust Artificial Intelligencebased Defense Electro-Robot (RAIDER). The end purpose of the RAIDER is to conduct a patrolling routine on a single floor of a building several times a day. As the RAIDER travels down the corridors off-line algorithms use two of the RAIDER's side mounted cameras to perform a 3D reconstruction from monocular vision technique that updates a 3D model to the most current state of the indoor environment. Using frames from the front mounted camera, positioned at the human eye level, the system performs face recognition with real time training of unknown subjects. Human activity recognition algorithm will also be implemented in which each detected person is assigned to a set of action classes picked to classify ordinary and harmful student activities in a hallway setting.The system is designed to detect changes and irregularities within an environment as well as familiarize with regular faces and actions to distinguish potentially dangerous behavior. In this paper, we present the various algorithms and their modifications which when implemented on the RAIDER serves the purpose of indoor surveillance.
Efficacy of penicillin for dental pain without overt infection.

Objectives: Dental pain is a common presenting symptom in the acute care setting. Even in the absence of overt infection, many physicians routinely prescribe antibiotics such as penicillin. The authors sought to test the hypothesis that penicillin is not necessary or beneficial in the treatment of undifferentiated dental pain without overt infection. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at an urban teaching hospital with approximately 105,000 emergency department visits per year. A convenience sample of adult emergency department patients presenting with dental pain and no clinically overt infection was randomized to receive penicillin or placebo. A structured evaluation was performed at enrollment and again at a 5- to 7-day follow-up visit. The main outcome measure was evidence of overt dental infection at the 5- to 7-day follow-up visit. Results: A total of 195 patients were enrolled. Ninety-eight (50%) were randomized to treatment with penicillin. A total of 125 patients (64%) were followed up. Outcome data were identified for nine additional study patients, who returned to the dental clinic or emergency department outside of the scheduled follow-up period and were included in the final analysis. Overall, 13 of 134 patients (9%) developed signs of infection: six of 64 (9%) from the penicillin group and seven of 70 (10%) from the placebo group (p = 0.90). There was no significant difference between the penicillin and placebo groups in baseline characteristics, medication compliance, or visual analog scale pain scores at enrollment. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that penicillin is neither necessary nor beneficial in the treatment of undifferentiated dental pain in the absence of overt infection.
Approximate equilibria in microeconomic rational expectations models

Abstract For general equilibrium models in which prices transmit information among asymmetrically informed traders, strict rational expectations approximate equilibria are defined. A state-dependent price function is an e-equilibrium if, when agents use their own information and that conveyed by prices, aggregate excess demand (in each state of the world) does not exceed e. For any positive e, existence requires only very mild assumptions—continuity and compact support. Moreover, there are revealing e-equilibria for all smooth economies satisfying a dimensionality condition. In an open neighborhood of this case, existence of maximally revealing e-equilibria holds.
Integrated actions of progesterone receptor and cell cycle machinery regulate breast cancer cell proliferation

Multiple laboratories have investigated progesterone receptor (PR) involvement in breast cancer cell cycle progression. There is now a growing body of evidence demonstrating complex interactions between PR and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Here we review the current literature linking PR to cell cycle control and discuss gaps in the current knowledge. A more complete understanding of the relationships between PR and cell cycle regulatory molecules may reveal additional avenues for prevention and treatment of steroid receptor positive breast cancers.
Of Ziploc Bags and Black Holes: The Aesthetics of Transparency in the War on Terror

This essay examines the technological, media, and mediation shifts that are taking place in what has become generally referred to the “war on terror” contemporary moment. Through a careful and detailed analysis of the visual manifestation of this discourse in U.S. border security procedures and mainstream media coverage of the “war on terror,” the essay contributes to a growing series of commentaries that question the contemporary aesthetic effect of this political and cultural discourse. The essay provides a comparative analysis of Computer generated imagery in surveillance and border technologies, on the one hand, and in CNN's coverage of Saddam Hussein's capture, on the other. The author argues that through the language and aesthetics of transparency, human embodiment is being challenged and that there is a significant political cost to the ways by which human subjectivity is being experienced and understood.
Aging and marrow neutrophil reserves.

Objectives: Measurement of blood neutrophil (PMN) counts after the administration of hydrocortisone, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and epinephrine. Design: Prospective study, with subjects serving as their own controls before and after administration of hydrocortisone, G-CSF, and epinephrine. Setting: The G-CSF and hydrocortisone studies were conducted at the Clinical Research Center, University of Washington, and the epinephrine study was conducted at the Seattle VA Medical Center. Participants: Healthy volunteers of both sexes (ages 20 to 30 years and 70 to 80 years) were recruited from the community. The subjects had no acute or chronic medical problems and were on no prescription medications. Main Outcome Measures: Change in the blood PMN count after administration of hydrocortisone (25 and 200 mg intravenously), G-CSF (30 and 300 μg subcutaneously), or epinephrine (10, 25, and 50 ng/kg/min intravenously). Results: Baseline PMN counts were similar for all comparison groups. The peak PMN response (maximum count-baseline count) to hydrocortisone was significantly less in the older subjects (P 0.05) in the two groups at both the dosages: 6696 + 736/mm3 (30 μg) and 9801 + 893/mm3 (300 μg) in the young and 6340 + 833/mm3 (30 μg) and 9733 + 956/mm3 (300 μg) in the elderly. There was no age-related change in the response to epinephrine. Conclusions: Aging has no effect on baseline PMN counts, bone marrow PMN reserves as measured with G-CSF, and blood PMN pools as measured with epinephrine. However the ability to mobilize these PMNs from the marrow into blood, as measured by the hydrocortisone response, is significantly reduced in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 42:77–81, 1994
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE PULMONARY VALVE.

Abstract Clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, and pathologic findings in 5 autopsyproved cases of congenital absence of the pulmonary valves are summarized. Anatomically, only scattered flat nubbins or ridges, apparently representing rudimentary valve tissue, were found in a well-delineated annular zone in place of the normal semilunar pulmonary cusps. In each case, a large ventricular septal defect and aneurysmal dilatation of the main pulmonary arteries were present. Three, and possibly 4, of the infants had tetralogy of Fallot as well, and thus belonged to the increasingly recognized group of patients with this combination of lesions. The fifth infant had a severe form of common atrioventricular canal, double-outlet right ventricle, and an abnormal aortic sinus of Valsalva-right ventricular communication in addition to absence of the valves. Each of the patients died in early infancy (1 month to 6 months), and the cause of death was attributed to two factors: obstruction of the respiratory tract due to the aneurysmal pulmonary arteries, and heart failure. Hence, the prognosis for infants with these findings appears to be poor. Characteristic auscultatory findings consist of a loud, rough systolic murmur and an early diastolic (to-and-fro) murmur which, together with absence of the pulmonary closure sound and normal systemic pulse pressure, strongly suggest an absence of the pulmonary valves. Markedly dilated pulmonary arteries are seen radiologically.
Sequence analysis of a 34.7-kb DNA segment from the genome of Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of aphids) containing groEL, dnaA, the atp operon, gidA, and rho.

Buchnera aphidicola is a prokaryotic endosymbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum. From past and present nucleotide sequence analyses of the B. aphidicola genome, we have assembled a 34.7-kilobase (kb) DNA segment. This segment contains genes coding for 32 open reading frames (ORFs), which corresponded to 89.9% of the DNA. All of these ORFs could be identified with homologous regions of the Escherichia coli genome. The order of the genes with established functions was groELS–trmE–rnpA–rpmH–dnaA–dnaN–gyrB–atpCDGAHFEB–gidA–fdx–hscA– hscB–nifS–ilvDC–rep–trxA–rho. The order of genes in small DNA fragments was conserved in both B. aphidicola and E. coli. Most of these fragments were in approximately the same region of the E. coli genome. The latter organism, however, contained many additional inserted genes within and between the fragments. The results of the B. aphidicola genome analyses indicate that the endosymbiont has many properties of free-living bacteria.
Habitat–occupancy associations and tree-species use patterns by breeding birds in Tibetan sacred forests

Himalayan forests are undergoing rapid changes due to population growth and economic development and their associated bird communities are among the most threatened and least-studied on earth. In the Chinese Himalaya, traditionally managed Tibetan sacred forests are keystone structures for forest bird conservation. Yet, it remains unclear which fine-scale habitat characteristics of the sacred forests are best associated with Himalayan forest bird species. Our goal here was to quantify the relationship between forest habitat characteristics and bird communities in Tibetan sacred forests to understand habitat associations of common forest birds in the Chinese Himalaya. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted bird point counts and habitat surveys at 62, 50-m radius, sample points distributed within and adjacent to six Tibetan sacred forests in northwest Yunnan, China. From this data, we constructed habitat–occupancy relationship models for 35 bird species and documented tree-use patterns of 14 common arboreal foraging bird species. Our modeling results revealed that large diameter trees and heterogeneity in vertical vegetation structure were the most important habitat characteristics, and were positively associated with occupancy of 63 % of the study bird species. Furthermore, we found that occupancy of eight bird species of conservation concern was related to specific thresholds of forest integrity characteristics. For example, predicted occupancy of three of eight species was high in forested habitats with >15 % bamboo cover and was greatly reduced when bare ground cover exceeded 5 %. We found that bird species foraged on pine (Pinus densata, 58 % more than it was available) and poplar (Populus davidiana, 41 %) in higher proportion to their availability, but that foraging success was highest on fir (Abies spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), willow (Salix spp.) and Chinese Larch (Larix potaninii). Our findings suggest that, although conservation is not a primary management goal of Tibetan sacred forests, these lands harbor critical habitat features for forest breeding birds of the Chinese Himalaya.
The structure of Cedar

This paper presents an overview of the Cedar programming environment, focusing primarily on its overall structure: the major components of Cedar and the way they are organized. Cedar supports the development of programs written in a single programming language, also called Cedar. We will emphasize the extent to which the Cedar language, with runtime support, has influenced the organization, comprehensibility, and stability of Cedar.Produced in the Computer Science Laboratory (CSL) at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Cedar is a research environment supporting the development and use of experimental programs, emphasizing office information and personal information management applications. Although it was clear that some unsolved problems would be addressed, the intent was to combine well-understood methods and technologies to exploit a new generation of high-performance personal computers, including the Xerox 1132 (Dorado) and Xerox 1108 (Dandelion).
Comparison of a gene probe with classical methods for detecting 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-biodegrading bacteria in natural waters.

Colony hybridizations with a gene probe for enumeration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were compared with classical enrichment and radiolabel most-probable-number (MPN) assay methods. Two natural water samples (rivers) and raw sewage were tested by each method. UV scans of enrichment cultures revealed 2,4-D degradation with raw sewage occurred in 4–11 days, 4–>22 days with Mary's River water, and 5–>22 days with Willamette River water. [14C]-2,4-D MPN analysis, measuring release of14CO2, yielded estimates of bacteria per milliliter able to degrade 2,4-D. Raw sewage estimates were 1.4 × 105 2,4-D degraders/ml, Mary's River >1.6 × 105/ml, and Willamette River water 1.6 × 104/ml. Activities noted by UV scan enrichment data supported these results.
Effects of cardiac vagal afferent electrostimulation on the responses of trigeminal and trigeminothalamic neurons to noxious orofacial stimulation

We have previously reported that electrical stimulation of cardiac vagal afferents produces an inhibition of the feline's digastric reflex evoked by tooth-pulp stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated whether cardiac vagal afferent stimulation (CVAS) alters the responses of trigeminal sensory neurons to noxious orofacial stimulation in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. A total of 37 trigeminal and trigeminothalamic neurons were recorded from trigeminal nucleus caudalis and trigeminal nucleus oralis. Thirty-five of these 37 neurons were classified as wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons because they had cutaneous receptive fields and responded to both noxious heat and non-noxious tactile stimuli. The effects of continuous CVAS (5 Hz, 3 msec, 2 mA) on heat-evoked responses (6 sec 50 degrees C heat pulse) were examined on 32 WDR neurons. CVAS inhibited (21 of 32 neurons), facilitated (5 of 32 neurons) or did not affect neuronal responses (6 of 32 neurons) to noxious heat. The effects of CVAS on heat-evoked responses of trigeminal and trigeminothalamic neurons were equivalent. The effects of intermittent CVAS (7 pulses at 333 Hz, 5 mA, delivered 200 msec prior to the test stimulus) on the responses to electrical test stimuli delivered to the center of a neuron's cutaneous receptive field or to the tooth pulp were also examined. Intermittent CVAS inhibited (15 of 24 neurons), facilitated (4 of 24 neurons) or had no effect (5 of 24 neurons) on A delta-mediated responses evoked by the electrical stimulation of facial skin. Intermittent CVAS either inhibited (8 of 12 neurons) or had no effect (4 of 12 neurons) on C-fiber-mediated responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the facial skin. Eight cells were recorded that received tooth-pulp input. Six of these 8 cells also received afferent input from facial skin, the remaining 2 cells responded only to tooth-pulp stimulation. Intermittent CVAS either inhibited (7 of 8 neurons) or had no effect (1 of 8 neurons) on A delta-mediated responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp. The modulatory actions of intermittent CVAS on trigeminal and trigeminothalamic neuronal responses to convergent afferent input from both skin and tooth pulp were equivalent. The outcomes of this study provide additional evidence that cardiopulmonary vagal afferent stimulation modulates neuronal responses to noxious stimulation and suggest that alterations in cardiopulmonary dynamics may modulate nociception.
Raman scattering study of alkali-molecular ternary graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract We have studied the room temperature Raman spectra of several stages of ternary GICs prepared by sequential intercalation of potassium-binary GICs with either furan, THF or NH 3 . A Raman study, which detects the shift of the graphite intralayer vibrational frequency due to intercalation, provides a useful tool for the probe of charge transfer of these novel materials. For all three stage 1 compounds, we have observed an intralayer graphite vibrational frequency at ∼ 1606 cm −1 (upshifted from the pure graphite peak at 1582 cm −1 ), which is Fano broadened and has a Raman profile similar to that exhibited by LiC 6 and EuC 6 . These results are compared and contrasted with those for the alkali binary GICs.
Validation study of three-dimensional ray-based GPR simulation code

In previous papers the authors reported work on a 3D frequency domain simulation of bistatic GPR scenarios involving signals from buried mines and clutter due to random permittivity fluctuations in the soil, roughness of the air-ground interface, and distributions of rocks. The analysis is based on Born approximations. The emphasis in these papers was on simulation of a focused array radar, which is a multi static system and hence its simulation requires a large number of runs. Simulation of a multi static GPR system places a high premium on speed, which necessitates some loss of accuracy. Work is currently underway on validation of this code through comparison with experimental results and with result obtained with numerical codes that can achieve great accuracy with very long running times. In the work reported in this paper, results obtained with our code, requiring only minutes of running time, are compared with result of a 3D FDFD code, which requires many hours of CPU time for the same case.
Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood-shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis.

Previous work in southeastern US floodplains led to the hypothesis that a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance underlies species-specific responses to flooding and light, which drive forest regeneration. In systems where community turnover can occur with small-scale environmental changes, testing this hypothesis requires recognizing that turnover of species along the two gradients can be large relative to the spatial distances involved. We test the tradeoff hypothesis in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest by (1) comparing shade and moisture profiles of woody juveniles versus random points and (2) using individual-based sampling of woody juveniles to model probability of occurrence in response to distance-to-water table and canopy openness gradients. We found that juveniles of all species combined occupied a similar range of distance-to-water table compared to measurements taken at random points, but average canopy openness above seedlings was significantly higher than at random points. On average, shade-tolerant species, with the exception of Acer rubrum, were found in shaded areas that were also drier, whereas less shade-tolerant taxa, plus A. rubrum, were found in wetter, more open areas, suggesting a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance. Predictive models of species occurrence, which incorporate the availability of canopy and microtopographic conditions, indicated that three taxa (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Quercus spp., and Ulmus americana) had patterns consistent with a flood–shade tolerance tradeoff. In contrast, Asimina triloba, Celtis laevigata, and Liquidambar styraciflua had positive responses when the joint stresses of flooding and shade were diminished. A. rubrum appeared to be the most tolerant to both stresses. Our work not only lends support to the flood–shade tradeoff hypothesis but also indicates that a more general model is needed that includes a “flood–shade release” component. We also suggest that responses to small-scale gradients should not be overlooked, particularly in systems where the gradients are ecologically steep.
Case 5 Tuberous Sclerosis Variant with Production of Rosenthal Fibers (AlphaB-Crystallin)

(1993). Case 5 Tuberous Sclerosis Variant with Production of Rosenthal Fibers (AlphaB-Crystallin) Pediatric Pathology: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 869-873.
Structure and conformation of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) in solution determined by electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy.

The structure and conformation of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) [VO(acac)2] and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) [VO(malto)2] in frozen methanol have been determined by application of electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. The positions of inner- and outer-sphere-coordinated solvent were assigned by ENDOR through use of selectively deuterated analogues of methanol. Similarly, the methyl and methylinyl proton resonance features of VO(acac)2 were identified by site-selective deuteration. For VO(acac)2, the ENDOR-determined metal−proton distances were best accounted for by a complex of tetragonal-pyramidal geometry, essentially identical to that determined by X-ray crystallography [Dodge, R. P.; Templeton, D. H.; Zalkin, A. J. Chem. Phys. 1961, 35, 55] but with an inner-sphere solvent molecule coordinated trans to the vanadyl oxygen and an axially positioned solvent molecule hydrogen-bonded to the vanadyl oxygen. In contrast to its trans conformation in crystals [Caravan, P.; et al. J. Am...
Applying psychiatric rehabilitation in rural areas: A commissioner's perspective

Abstract Though psychiatric rehabilitation and community support are widely accepted, rural areas face serious obstacles in expanding availability of, access to, and utilization of these services. This paper examines the demographic and structural uniqueness of rural America, and describes several unique approaches in rehabilitation, telemental health, and prepaid behavioral healthcare.
Quantitative determination of the selectivities of five different phenyl radicals in hydrogen atom abstraction from ethanol

An experimental method is described for obtaining quantitative selectivity information for H-atom abstraction by organic radicals from different sites of a substrate in the gas phase. The method is used to determine the selectivities of five different phenyl radicals toward the three different types of hydrogen atoms in ethanol. This experimental method involves studying the reactivities and selectivities of derivatives of the radicals that contain a chemically inert, charged group (distonic ions), which allows them to be manipulated in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer.
Cigarette Smoke Increases Progesterone Receptor and Homeobox A10 Expression in Human Endometrium and Endometrial Cells: A Potential Role in the Decreased Prevalence of Endometrial Pathology in Smokers

Cigarette smoking has long been tied to a multitude of poor health outcomes; however, in reproductive biology, smoking has shown several unintuitive findings. Smoking is associated with significantly decreased rates of endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Here, we show that treatment with cigarette smoke extract leads to increased mRNA and protein expression of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) and progesterone receptor (PGR) as well as more rapid decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in vitro. In vivo, mice exposed to cigarette smoke similarly showed increased expression of HOXA10 and PGR in the endometrium. Both HOXA10 and PGR drive endometrial differentiation and are suppressed in endometrial tumors and in endometriosis. The increased expression found upon exposure to cigarette smoke may provide a protective effect, mediating the decreased incidence of endometrial disease among smokers. This mechanism contrasts with the accepted paradigm that the effects of smoking on the uterus are secondary to ovarian alterations rather than direct effects on endometrium as demonstrated here.