cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of retention and stability of two implant-retained overdentures based on implant location

Statement of problem The location of dental implants and the choice of retentive attachments for implant-retained overdentures are selected based on clinician preference, expert opinion, or empirical information. Limited information is available regarding implant position and the effect on the retention and stability of 2-implant mandibular implant overdentures. Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of implant location on the in vitro retention and stability of a simulated 2-implant-supported overdenture and to examine the differences among different attachment systems. Material and methods A model that simulates a mandibular edentulous ridge with dental implants in positions that approximate tooth positions, and a cobalt-chromium cast framework attached to a universal testing machine was used to measure the peak load (N) required to disconnect the attachments. Four different types of attachments (Ball/Cap, ERA, Locator, and O-Ring) were used in sequence in various positions on the model to evaluate the effect of implant location on the retention and stability of a simulated 2-implant-retained overdenture. Means were calculated, and differences among the systems, directions, and groups were identified by using a repeated measured ANOVA (α=.05). For differences observed between measurements, the Bonferroni post hoc method at the 5% level of significance was used to determine the location and magnitude of difference. Results The interactions between the attachment system, direction of force, and implant location were statistically significant (P =.01). The vertical retention and horizontal stability of a simulated overdenture prosthesis increased with the distal implant location up to the second premolar, and the anteroposterior stability increased with distal implant location. The attachment type affected retention and stability differently by location. Ball attachments produced the highest levels of retention and stability, followed by Locator (pink), O-Ring, and ERA (orange). Conclusions The retention and stability of a 2-implant simulated overdenture prosthesis is significantly affected by implant location ( P =.01) and abutment type ( P =.01).
Enhancing Case Conceptualization Through Film: The Addiction Web

Self-reflection, creativity, and experiential education are effective teaching strategies for counselor educators. Understanding and conceptualizing client cases can feel overwhelming for counselors-in-training. This article describes how the process of case conceptualization can be enhanced through the use of film. A case example is provided of how one student was able to creatively conceptualize a client through the use of film. The student's creation— The Addiction Web—is a serendipitous and visual diagram illustrating a comprehensive and compassionate understanding of a client with complex addiction issues.
Post-fabrication trimming on silicon nitride photonic Bragg grating add-drop filter

We study the post-fabrication trimming effect on a silicon nitride photonic Bragg grating add-drop filter for the realization of practical CWDM network system.
Scaling limit for interacting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes

The problem of describing the bulk behavior of an interacting system consisting of a large number of particles comes up in different contexts. See for example [1] for a recent exposition. In [4] one of the authors considered the case of interacting diffusions on a circle and proved that the density of particles evolves according to a nonlinear diffusion equation. The interacting particles evolved according to a generator that was symmetric in equilibrium. In this article we consider interacting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. Here the diffusion generator is not symmetric relative to the equilibrium and the earlier methods have to be modified considerably. We use some ideas that were employed in [3] to extend the central limit theorem from the symmetric to nonsymmetric cases.
Measurement of electro-optic coefficients of stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/ prepared by vapor transport equilibrium

The electro-optic coefficients of stoichiometric lithium tantalate were discovered to dramatically depend on electrodes used. r/sub 33/ of 35.8/spl plusmn/0.1 pm/V and 2.0/spl plusmn/0.2pm/V respectively for liquid electrode and Pt electrode were measured using Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
AGU Board and Council Project Team Take Next Steps

[1] AGU continues to actively implement its strategic plan. Both the AGU Board of Directors and the Council's Mission:Alignment Project (M:AP) team met during the last week of March at AGU headquarters in Washington, D. C. Significant progress was made at both meetings.
Prognostic value of electrocardiographic detection of unrecognized myocardial infarction in persons with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study

Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) carries a poor prognosis in the general population, but its prognostic value is less clear in high-risk patients. We sought to determine whether Q waves on electrocardiogram (ECG), suggestive of unrecognized MI, predict cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but without a prior history of MI. We studied 462 patients enrolled in the Heart and Soul Study with stable CAD but without a prior history of MI. All patients had baseline ECGs. The baseline prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction was 36%. After a mean of 6.3 years of follow-up, there were a total of 141 cardiovascular events. The presence of Q waves in any ECG lead territory predicted cardiovascular events before (unadjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.97) and after adjustment for demographics, medical history, diastolic function, and ejection fraction (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.26). This association was partly attenuated after adjustment for the presence of inducible ischemia at baseline (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.96–2.12). When specific territories were analyzed separately, Q waves in anterior leads were predictive of cardiovascular events in both unadjusted and adjusted models (adjusted HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.14–3.00), and this association was partly attenuated after adjustment for inducible ischemia. In conclusion, in patients with CAD but no history of prior MI, the presence of any Q waves or anterior Q waves alone is independently predictive of adverse cardiovascular events.
Histopathology of ischemic optic neuropathy.

A 67-year-old woman, a retired writer, was ad­ mitted to the hospital on March IS, 1968. She stated that she had been in excellent health until the previous summer, when she noted an unusual lack of energy. In December, 1967, she experienced the abrupt onset of bitemporal aching pains which waxed and waned in severity and which radiated to her jaw. Examination revealed that both tem­ poral arteries were stony hard and very tender. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 8.0/ mm/hour. In view of the history and physical ex­ amination, temporal arteritis was diagnosed. Be­ cause of personal fears, the patient refused to take corticosteroids, and aspirin, 10 gr every four hours, was prescribed. One week later she awakened in the morning and noted severe visual impairment in her left eye, pro­ gressing within a day to monocular blindness. Eye examination the following week revealed a visual
Fox broadcasting company, why now? An economic study of the rise of the fourth broadcast “network”

The Fox Broadcasting Company might be the first successful fourth television broadcast network in history. But why establish a fourth network now? This historical and economic study examines the various barriers as well as the conditions that have prompted entry into the network arena at such a remarkable time. Conclusions follow with a discussion of the status of the Fox Broadcasting Company, new barriers, and Fox's potential for success in a changed video entertainment industry.
Persistent Diplopia Associated With Strabismus Surgery

ABSTRACTThe primary therapeutic goal for patients with binocular vision problems is comfortable, single, clear, normal binocular vision at all distances and directions of gaze. Strabismus surgery is frequently used to assist in achieving this therapeutic goal. Strabismus surgery is also used for tho
MECHANISM OF CARBON DIOXIDE-CATALYZED OXIDATION OF TYROSINE BY PEROXYNITRITE

Peroxynitrite ion (ONO2-) reacted rapidly with CO2 to form a short-lived intermediate provisionally identified as the ONO2CO2- adduct. This adduct was more reactive in tyrosine oxidation than ONO2- itself and produced 3-nitrotyrosine and 3,3'-dityrosine as the major oxidation products. With tyrosine in excess, the rate of 3-nitrotyrosine formation was independent of the tyrosine concentration and was determined by the rate of formation of the ONO2CO2- adduct. The overall yield of oxidation products was also independent of the concentration of tyrosine and medium acidity; approximately 19% of the added ONO2- was converted to products under all reaction conditions. However, the 3-nitrotyrosine/3,3'-dityrosine product ratio depended upon the pH, tyrosine concentration, and absolute reaction rate. These data are in quantitative agreement with a reaction mechanism in which the one-electron oxidation of tyrosine by ONO2CO2- generates tyrosyl and NO2 radicals as intermediary species, but are inconsistent with mechanisms that invoke direct electrophilic attack on the tyrosine aromatic ring by the adduct. Based upon its reactivity characteristics, ONO2CO2- has a lifetime shorter than 3 ms and a redox potential in excess of 1 V, and oxidizes tyrosine with a bimolecular rate constant greater than 2 x 10(5) M-1 s-1. In comparison, in CO2-free solutions, oxidation of tyrosine by peroxynitrite was much slower and gave significantly lower yields (approximately 8%) of the same products. When tyrosine was the limiting reactant, 3,5-dinitrotyrosine was found among the reaction products of the CO2-catalyzed reaction, but this compound was not detected in the uncatalyzed reaction.
Challenges and opportunities for EPL and EUVL masks

As the semiconductor industry is continuing to stay on the path laid by Moore's, law, challenges in the technology development are on the rise. For the transition from optical lithography to next generation lithography for sub 100 nm nodes, masks are considered to be high risk. Mask issues are not only critical to the NGL technologies--such as Extreme Ultra Violet lithography (EUVL). E-beam Projection Lithography (EPL). Ion projection lithography and X-ray lithography--but also to the extension of optical lithography using 193 and 157 nm wavelengths. The paper addresses the details and progress made on fabrication of EPL and EUVL masks in recent years, highlighting the challenges such as manufacturability, defect control, inspection and repair.
Reevaluating simulation in nursing education: beyond the human patient simulator

The human patient simulator or high-fidelity mannequin has become synonymous with the word simulation in nursing education. Founded on a historical context and on an evaluation of the current application of simulation in nursing education, this article challenges that assumption as limited and restrictive. A definition of simulation and a broader conceptualization of its application in nursing education are presented. The need for an ideological basis for simulation in nursing education is highlighted. The call is made for theory to answer the question of why simulation is used in nursing to anchor its proper and effective application in nursing education.
Fabrication and characterization of PDMA inductors

Integration of inductors onto a silicon chip is the main challenge in realizing monolithic dc-dc converters. Planar spiral inductors can be fabricated with top metal layer of any standard CMOS IC process. These inductors have high series resistance due to low thickness of the metal layer. As the series resistance of inductor is directly related to converter efficiency, a custom process is to be devised in order to fabricate spiral inductors with higher metal thickness. In this paper, we present a MEMS based process called plastic deformation and magnetic assembly (PDMA) for fabricating inductors directly on to silicon chip. We detail the key fabrication steps in building these PDMA inductors. We also derive empirical expressions for estimating inductance and series resistance of these PDMA inductors from measured data. Finally, we compare these inductors with planar spiral inductors and present the advantages of using PDMA inductors in monolithic dc-dc converters.
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN VII. TOXIN-STIMULATED HYDROLYSIS OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE IN MAMMALIAN CELL EXTRACTS

When diphtheria toxin and NAD are added to soluble fractions containing aminoacyl transfer enzymes isolated from rabbit reticulocytes or from HeLa cells, free nicotinamide is released and, simultaneously, an inactive ADP ribose derivative of transferase II is formed. The reaction is reversible, and in the presence of excess nicotinamide, toxin catalyzes the restoration of aminoacyl transfer activity in intoxicated preparations. In living cultures of HeLa cells, the internal NAD concentration is sufficiently high to account for the rapid conversion, catalyzed by a few toxin molecules located in the cell membrane, of the entire cell content of free transferase II to its inactive ADP ribose derivative. Completely inactive ammonium sulfate fractions containing soluble proteins isolated from cells that have been exposed for several hours to excess toxin, can be reactivated to full aminoacyl transfer activity by addition of nicotinamide together with diphtheria toxin. Transferase II appears to be a highly specific substrate for the toxin-stimulated splitting of NAD and thus far no other protein acceptor for the ADP ribose moiety has been found.
Pertussis Toxin by Inducing IL-6 Promotes the Generation of IL-17-Producing CD4 Cells

Compelling evidence has now demonstrated that IL-17-producing CD4 cells (Th17) are a major contributor to autoimmune pathogenesis, whereas CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Treg) play a major role in suppression of autoimmunity. Differentiation of proinflammatory Th17 and immunosuppressive Treg from naive CD4 cells is reciprocally related and contingent upon the cytokine environment. We and others have reported that in vivo administration of pertussis toxin (PTx) reduces the number and function of mouse Treg. In this study, we have shown that supernatants from PTx-treated mouse splenic cells, which contained IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines, but not PTx itself, overcame the inhibition of proliferation seen in cocultures of Treg and CD4+CD25- T effector cells. This stimulatory effect could be mimicked by individual inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. The combination of these cytokines synergistically stimulated the proliferation of CD4+CD25- T effector cells despite the presence of Treg with a concomitant reduction in the percentage of FoxP3+ cells and generation of IL-17-expressing cells. PTx generated Th17 cells, while inhibiting the differentiation of FoxP+ cells, from naive CD4 cells when cocultured with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from wild-type mice, but not from IL-6-/- mice. In vivo treatment with PTx induced IL-17-secreting cells in wild-type mice, but not in IL-6-/- mice. Thus, in addition to inhibiting the development of Treg, the immunoadjuvant activity of PTx can be attributable to the generation of IL-6-dependent IL-17-producing CD4 cells.
The effect of risedronate on hip structural geometry in chemotherapy-induced postmenopausal women with or without use of aromatase inhibitors: A 2-year trial

Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is a major health problem for postmenopausal women. Adjuvant hormonal therapy with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in postmenopausal breast cancer patients further worsens bone loss. Bisphosphonates are able to prevent AI-induced bone loss, but limited data exists on their effect on bone structure. Our objectives were to (1) examine the impact of AIs and no-AIs on hip structural geometry (HSA) of chemotherapy-induced postmenopausal women, and (2) determine if oral bisphosphonates could affect these changes. Methods This is a sub-analysis of a 2-year double-blind randomized trial of 67 women with nonmetastatic breast cancer, newly postmenopausal following chemotherapy (up to 8 years), who were randomized to risedronate, 35 mg once weekly (RIS) and placebo (PBO). Many women changed their cancer therapy from a no-AI to an AI during the trial. Outcomes were changes in Beck's HSA-derived BMD and structural parameters. Results Eighteen women did not receive adjuvant hormone therapy, while 41 women received other therapy and 8 received AIs at baseline distributed similarly between RIS and PBO. Women on AIs and PBO were found to have the lowest BMD and indices. RIS improved BMD and several HSA indices at the intertrochanteric site in women regardless of their hormonal therapy, but most improvement was observed in women who were not on AIs (all p ≤ 0.05 except buckling ratio). Changes at the narrow neck and femoral shaft were similar. Conclusion The use of AIs appears to lead to lower HSA-derived BMD and hip structural indices as compared to women on no or non-AI therapy in chemotherapy-induced postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Preventive therapy with once weekly oral risedronate maintains structural, skeletal integrity independently of the use of or type of adjuvant therapy.
The development and nature of problem-solving among first-semester calculus students

This study investigates interactions between calculus learning and problem-solving in the context of two first-semester undergraduate calculus courses in the USA. We assessed students’ problem-solving abilities in a common US calculus course design that included traditional lecture and assessment with problem-solving-oriented labs. We investigate this blended instruction as a local representative of the US calculus reform movements that helped foster it. These reform movements tended to emphasize problem-solving as well as multiple mathematical registers and quantitative modelling. Our statistical analysis reveals the influence of the blended traditional/reform calculus instruction on students’ ability to solve calculus-related, non-routine problems through repeated measures over the semester. The calculus instruction in this study significantly improved students’ performance on non-routine problems, though performance improved more regarding strategies and accuracy than it did for drawing conclusions and...
Long span repeaterless transmission using adiabatic solitons

We demonstrate transmission of 10 Gb/s data over 296 km without inline amplification using adiabatically propagating optical solitons as the data carrier. Adiabatic soliton propagation suppresses the deleterious effects of self-phase modulation and stimulated Brillouin scattering, allowing higher optical powers at the transmitter. The system power budget is also enhanced by the narrowing of the optical bandwidth under adiabatic propagation, allowing improved receiver sensitivity. We show that the technique may ultimately enable repeaterless spans in excess of 500 km.
Compensation crisis related to the onsite adequacy evaluation during FNA procedures-Urgent proactive input from cytopathology community is critical to establish appropriate reimbursement for CPT code 88172 (or its new counterpart if introduced in the future)

The confusion centered around appropriate use of the CPT billing code 88172 is addressed in the commentary from the Economic and Government Affairs Committee of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) who have written a timely commentary in this issue of Cytojournal, "Adequate Reimbursement is Crucial to Support Cost-Effective Rapid Onsite Cytopathology Evaluations". Currently, lack of standardized use within and between pathology departments is stirring unhealthy practices of denying reimbursements for this critical and legitimate cytopathology service. This editorial discusses the important concerns raised in this commentary and recommends immediate corrective action. (See also Al-Abbadi MA, et al. Adequate reimbursement is crucial to support cost-effective rapid on-site cytopathology evaluations. CytoJournal 2010;7:22).
A ZZAM S. T AMIMI , Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001). Pp. 276. $49.95 cloth

The compatibility of political Islam with democracy is an enormously debated but slippery topic, often losing its balance over the definitions of the two elements. There are (at least) two ways to approach the topic—from the outside and from the inside. The usual approach is to stake out a definition of the two elements and then see whether they permit enough overlap to be compatible with each other. Variations are huge. If political Islam means consultation of the believers, and democracy is regular consultation of the governed, then they are compatible—at least, in a polity populated by Muslims. If political Islam means validation of rulers and their policies by vox Dei, and democracy means validation by vox populi, then they are not. In between are many variations.
The National Institutes of Health Workshop on Fetal Treatment: needs assessment and future directions.

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Office of Rare Diseases convened a multidisciplinary group of experts on August 16–17, 2004, for a workshop entitled ‘‘Fetal Treatment: Needs Assessment and Future Directions.’’ The purpose of the workshop was to develop a plan for the surgical, obstetric, neonatal, and maternal–fetal fields for the evaluation and dissemination of maternal–fetal surgical innovations and to further the scientific evaluation of maternal–fetal surgery. This article highlights the discussions and outlines recommendations for the future. An overarching recommendation was for the formation of a cooperative group of investigators and clinicians to help set a national agenda for research and clinical progress, as well as emphasize ethical issues.
An (in)visible universe of grief: Performative disidentifications with white motherhood in the We are not Trayvon Martin blog

ABSTRACTThis essay offers a critical rhetorical analysis of social media discourse of white mothers protesting the acquittal of Trayvon Martin’s killer. I argue that through affectively charged performative disidentifications, white mothers contributing to the We are not Trayvon Martin blog worked within and against norms of ideal motherhood to challenge dominant formations of whiteness in ways that exposed the privileged status of U.S. American white motherhood and reconceptualized motherhood as an affective orientation toward antiracism. Unpacking affectively charged performative disidentifications with privileged racial identities is important for enhancing understandings of white antiracist rhetoric and fostering formations of white antiracist consciousness.
Community rules and speaker behavior: Individual adherence to group constraints on (ING)

This paper investigates the degree to which individual speakers follow the morphosyntactic hierarchy governing grammatical constraints on (ING) in the Southern U.S. city of Raleigh, North Carolina. (ING) was used as the variable of study for its well-studied internal constraints and comparability to previous studies on the internal constraints of t/d deletion. A lexical category constraint hierarchy for the community was determined via multivariate mixed-effects statistical models, and each speaker's (ING) pattern was compared to this hierarchy. Results show maintenance in grammatical constraints even when taking phonological factors into account, unlike some work on t/d deletion. Uniformity exists across speakers with respect to the ordering of internal constraints despite the overall decline in rates of –in over time, but constraint weights (expressed as log odds) vary significantly from speaker to speaker, with no correlates to social or internal factors. These results have consequences for representation of individuals in terms of an aggregate pattern, questioning the consistency of factor weight values at the speaker level despite consistent ordering of constraints.
Effect of Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Wrist Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Statistical Investigation.

Background: A significant number of patients on long-term treatment and users of biologics complain of wrist pain due to synovial proliferation and arthropathic changes. Synovectomy or joint arthroplasty is often indicated for such patients, but many refuse surgery. For these patients triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the dorsum of the wrist, and evaluated the clinical benefit and safety of the wrist joint. Methods: We injected triamcinolone acetonide into the dorsum of the wrist. We evaluated the clinical benefit and safety of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide by analyzing data on (1) the number of injections, (2) decrease in visual analog scale pain, (3) changes in carpal height ratio, radio carpal distance ratio, and radial rotation angle in X-ray imaging, and (4) the adverse reactions of triamcinolone acetonide injection on the subcutaneous tissue and extensor tendons. Results: 1. The number of injections per patient over 3 years 8 months was 1 for 44 wrists, 2 for 21 wrists, 3 for 17 wrists, 4 for 6 wrists, 5 for 3 wrists, 6 for 3 wrists, 7 for 2 wrists, 9 for 2 wrists, 12 for 4 wrists, and 13 for 1 wrist. 2. The overall mean VAS improved from 79 mm at baseline to 11 mm post-injection. 3. In the grade I and II group, CHS, RCDR and RRA were not statistically significant. In the grade III and IV group, CHR showed a significant decrease. 4. Neither subcutaneous atrophy nor extensor tendon rupture was reported. Conclusions: More than 90% of patients of all disease grades responded to an average of 1 to 4 injections per year.
Study on the characteristics of the epidemiology and etiology of hand-footmouth disease in Suizhou(2010)

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the epidemiology and etiology of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease(HFMD) in Suizhou in 2010,and provide basis for further prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Data of reported HFMD case were analyzed,for all the severe cases and 5 mild cases randomly selected from the relevant cities/counties monthly,pathogen samples were examined.Results A total of 5 284 cases reported in 2010,Most cases was reported on March-MAY,aged under 4 years old child,11 severe cases reported in May-July.In 125 tested samples,EV71 positive were 19,which accounted for 15.2%,and Cox A16 positive were 25,which accounted for 20%,and PE positive were 15,which accounted for 12%,Cox A16 was detected as only the HFMD pathogens on Jan.-April,EV71 was on Aug-Dec,and both on others months EV71 was the pathogen of case with severe syndrome or death case.Conclusions HFMD was epidemic on mainly late spring and summer in 2010 in Suizhou,involved in young child age under 4.The major causative agents were EV71 and Cox A16,pathogen of EV71 was the main reason to cause death and severe,and onset time was mainly concentrated in the 5-7 month.
Investigation of thermal control for different SOFC flow geometries

Abstract A dynamic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model is used to investigate the effects of different flow arrangements, as well as those of non-uniform air flow across channels, on temperature profile and thermal gradients under transient and steady state response. A high performance multi-input multi-output feedback controller has been developed to minimize SOFC spatial temperature variations during changes in power demands for different flow patterns. Numerical results show that the controller would result in negligible temperature variations for the modified cross-flow arrangement proposed here, even for large changes in the power drawn. The combination of a high performance controller and design modification results in a more uniform temperature profile at steady state nominal conditions, and modest variations in temperature profile, from the nominal, for ±15% change in power. Similarly, non-uniform air flow rate decreases the temperature gradient as well as maximum temperature across the cell, though its effect is less pronounced in the closed loop response.
What Voters Do – A First Cut

We have two goals for this chapter. First and foremost, we want to describe, in broad outlines, what voters in our mock election campaigns actually did. Now, our “broad outlines” may seem like the minutest details to many students of politics, who typically are primarily concerned with which candidate – or even which party's candidate – won the election. But remember that our purpose is to get inside the heads of ordinary citizens while they are making their vote decisions. To accomplish this goal, we must dig much deeper than simply observing the vote choice and trying to explain it from preelection political attitudes and values. Second, we must describe the actual measures and operationalizations of the information processing and search variables described at a more conceptual level in Chapter 2, which provide the windows for looking (if not actually getting) inside the heads of our voters. It is precisely these data that no previous students of the vote decision have had, and because they are unique to our study, we must carefully describe how the crucial variables are constructed. Because most of the measures we rely upon will be unfamiliar to most of our readers, we must spend sufficient time describing them. These measures are so central to our undertaking that this discussion cannot be relegated to appendices. Thus, a full understanding of what is to follow requires the reader to work through this chapter carefully.
Families’ Conversations about the Dictatorship: Appropriating Anecdotes and Taking an Affective Stance

Why do family conversations matter in processes of intergenerational transmission? Family narratives provide a context for creating and re-creating individual and group identity. In addition to this consideration, families have different styles of reminiscing that may influence how individuals remember the past (Fivush, 2008). Family conversations have previously been examined to better understand how youth are socialized into political discourse in the private sphere (e.g., George, 2013; Gordon, 2004; Ochs and Taylor, 1992) and to explore how the historical self develops (Fivush and Nelson, 2006; Wineburg, Mosborg, Porat and Duncan, 2007).
Adiponectin protects against incident hypertension independent of body fat distribution: observations from the Dallas Heart Study

Background Excess adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis and is a key risk factor for blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, circulating levels of adiponectin, a protein produced by adipose tissue and widely implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, are inversely proportional to adiposity. The relationship between adiponectin and incident hypertension has not been determined in the general US population. Methods Normotensive participants (n = 1233) enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic, probability-based population sample of Dallas County adults were followed for median of 7 years. Retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured at baseline by magnetic resonance imaging. Liver fat content was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Relative risk regression was used to determine the association of adiponectin with incident hypertension after adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, smoking, diabetes, baseline systolic BP, total cholesterol, and regional fat depot. Results Of the 1233 study participants (median age 40 years, 40% black, and 56% women), 391 (32%) had developed hypertension over a median follow-up of 7 years. Adiponectin levels were associated with reduced risk of incident hypertension (RR 0.81, 95% CI [0.68-0.96]) in the fully adjusted model, which included liver fat. Similar results were observed after adjustment for subcutaneous or visceral fat depots when tested individually or simultaneously in the model. Conclusion Our study suggested a protective role of adiponectin against incident hypertension independent of body fat distribution.
Diffuse Reflectance Study on Thermochromic Coatings for Solar Infrared Management

Switchable coatings could reduce thermal control costs by accessing the infrared Solar spectrum. Thermochromic liquid crystals and Leuco dyes were studied using diffuse reflectance from 15–40°C towards development of infrared switching materials.
Theory Follows from Practice: Lessons from the Field

Theory is a distillation that makes the inevitable trial and error of teaching and learning count for lessons to be passed on. We learned this from working on engaged humanities projects, and also from reading Frederich Schiller, John Dewey, and others who share a fascination with doing as a trigger for feeling and thinking. The sometimes humble practice of service learning generates lessons that add up to the broad intellectual ambition of public humanities: to explore and expand the civic dimensions of art and interpretation, and to demonstrate through practise the centrality of the humanities to democratic processes and social justice. Theory not only informs engaged humanities practices: theory is transformed by these practices, as are those who participate in them. At a time when the value of the humanities is continually in question, it is all the more essential to engage the humanities in the dialogical process of refashioning education, community, theory, and the humanities themselves.
Global convergence rate of incremental aggregated gradient methods for nonsmooth problems

We analyze the proximal incremental aggregated gradient (PIAG) method for minimizing the sum of a large number of smooth component functions equation and a convex function r(x). Such composite optimization problems arise in a number of machine learning applications including regularized regression problems and constrained distributed optimization problems over sensor networks. Our method computes an approximate gradient for the function f(x) by aggregating the component gradients evaluated at outdated iterates over a finite window K and uses a proximal operator with respect to the regularization function r(x) at the intermediate iterate obtained by moving along the approximate gradient. Under the assumptions that f(x) is strongly convex and each f i (x) is smooth with Lipschitz gradients, we show the first linear convergence rate result for the PIAG method and provide explicit convergence rate estimates that highlight the dependence on the condition number of the problem and the size of the window K over which outdated component gradients are evaluated.
Preoperative visual field deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Surgical resection and laser thermoablation have been used to treat drug resistant epilepsy with good results. However, they are not without risk. One of the most commonly reported complications of temporal lobe surgery is contralateral superior homonymous quadrantanopsia. We describe a patient with asymptomatic preoperative quadrantanopsia fortuitously discovered as part of our recently modified protocol to evaluate patients prior to temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. This visual field deficit was subtle and not detected on routine clinical neurological examination. While we understand that this is a single case, we advocate further study for more detailed preoperative visual field examinations to characterize the true incidence of postoperative visual field lesions.
Magnetoelectric Neural Modulation

A method to remotely stimulate neurons would allow for the study of deep brain regions in freely moving animals and lead to potential applications in new forms of treatment for disorders such as Parkinson's disease. For clinical applications, techniques that do not require genetic manipulations are most desirable. An ideal neuromodulation device would be enclosed in the tissue after implantation and externally activated to deliver a specific electrical signal to a deep brain region without the use of wires, which can cause tissue damage. Using the magnetoelectric coupling between a magnetostrictive and piezoelectric material we propose the use of magnetoelectric thin films as a novel neuromodulation device. This device will allow for specific less-invasive neural modulation by the application of a small external magnetic field that is transformed to a local electric field.To create a biocompatible magnetoelectric film we bonded a piezoelectric material polyvinlydene fluoride and a magnetostrictive material Metglas. We then encapsulated the films to make them biocompatible. These films can generate voltages above four volts under resonant conditions using alternating magnetic fields with an amplitude of about 0.5 mT. We can also design the film geometry to resonate at different frequencies, which allows us to independently control multiple stimulation channels on a device. We have also shown these films to be biocompatible in vitro using cell viability assays over a period of seven days with no loss of device functionality. In conclusion, these biocompatible magnetoelectric devices can convert magnetic fields that can penetrate the brain into electric fields that interact with surrounding cells to modulate their activity. Magnetoelectric materials could also be developed into a novel deep brain stimulation treatment for neural disorders like Parkinson's disease using devices that cause less neural damage compared to current electrodes.
Brightness discrimination for varying durations of the just discriminable increment

Hecht’s equation for brightness discrimination adequately accounts for results obtained with a constant duration of ΔI. When the duration of ΔI is varied, the constants of the equation assume different values.
Availability of Insect Pathogens and Endoparasites

This chapter was added for the practical purpose of indicating the biological control agents of insects that are commercially available and where they can be obtained. There is always the risk of a section such as this one becoming outdated, since some of the firms are relatively small and will not continue in this line indefinitely, and new suppliers are always emerging. However, we felt it would be useful to indicate sources for many of the agents listed in the Guide.
Optimizing the ASME Venturi Recovery Cone Angle to Minimize Head Loss

AbstractMany flow-meter applications require accurate flow measurement (0.5% of actual flow or better), whereas other applications accept less-accurate flow measurements. Some applications attempt ...
Density characterization of discharged gas-filled capillaries through common-path two-color spectral-domain interferometry.

Electrically discharged plasma structures, typically several centimeters in length and sub-millimeter in diameter, have been applied to guide laser pulses in laser plasma accelerators and to focus ion and relativistic electron beams in compact, radially symmetric transport configurations. Knowledge of the on-axis plasma density is critical. Traditional density interferometry has been ineffective for these laser-machined structures, while group velocity delay (GVD) techniques involve combining two laser paths with corresponding alignment complexities and stability sensitivities. Here the GVD technique is advanced to a common-path two-color interferometer configuration performed in the spectral domain of a broad-bandwidth femtosecond laser. Multi-shot tracking of the phase is not required, and the common path assures improved stability. This in situ technique was validated on 15 mm long plasma structures, measuring electron densities of 1017-1018 cm-3 for various fill pressures.
Introduction to Creatively Gifted Students are not like Other Gifted Students

This book focuses on the needs of creatively gifted students and how schools can meet those needs. Creatively gifted students show exceptional levels of creativity. These students may or may not have developed other talents and abilities, yet. Even when their abilities and talents are apparent, the needs of creatively gifted students may not be recognized by current gifted education programs.
Association between prothrombin time and bleeding in hospitalized patients receiving rivaroxaban

Purpose Results of an investigation of the pharmacodynamic effect of rivaroxaban anticoagulation, as measured by prothrombin time (PT), on bleeding risk and other outcomes in hospitalized patients are reported. Methods In a single-center retrospective cohort study, adult inpatients who had a PT measured within 24 hours after rivaroxaban administration during a designated 23-month period were identified. Patients who experienced in-hospital bleeding events were compared with those who did not. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to quantify the association between PT and bleeding events while adjusting for albumin levels and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or antiplatelet agents. Thromboembolic events were assessed as a secondary outcome. Results A total of 199 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis; 41 experienced a bleeding event. Among patients with a PT of ≥30 seconds versus a PT of p = 0.0067). Results of multivariable regression modeling showed that a PT of ≥30 seconds correlated with an approximately 3-fold higher bleeding risk (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–9.66). Hypoalbuminemia was also a positive predictor of bleeding risk. There was no significant between-group difference in thromboembolic events. Conclusion In hospitalized patients receiving rivaroxaban who had coagulation tests performed, a PT of ≥30 seconds was associated with a higher risk of bleeding. Hypoalbuminemia was also associated with bleeding in this population.
Discussion: Financing acquisitions with earnouts

Abstract “Financing Acquisitions with Earnouts” by Thomas Bates, Jordan Neyland, and Yolanda Wang broadly focuses on an important topic: how firms finance their acquisitions. Specifically, authors study the role of earnout agreements in financing acquisitions and show that they could be substantial both for financially constrained firms and at times when external capital is more expensive. My discussion focuses on the economic significance of the results presented, questioning the importance of earnouts in the world of M&As and discussing the role of financing synergies in general.
When a Seemingly Harmless Prescription Turns into Toxicity

Valacyclovir neurotoxicity is commonly seen in the elderly and those with impaired renal function. Differential diagnosis can be challenging as a myriad of medical conditions, including herpes zoster virus associated encephalitis, may present in a similar fashion. We present a case of a 71-year-old male who presented with altered mental status in the setting of recent herpes zoster eruption. His condition was attributed to valacyclovir neurotoxicity, and initiation of appropriate supportive therapy was met with complete resolution of symptoms and normalization of cognitive function.
Rapamycin, an Immunosuppressant and mTORC1 Inhibitor, Triples the antidepressant Response Rate of Ketamine at 2 Weeks Following Treatment: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Ketamine exerts rapid and robust antidepressant effects thought to be mediated by activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). To test this hypothesis, depressed patients were pretreated with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, prior to receiving ketamine. METHODS Twenty-three patients suffering a major depressive episode were randomized to oral rapamycin (6 mg) or placebo, each was followed 2 hours later by ketamine 0.5 mg/kg in a double-blind cross-over design with treatment days separated by at least 2 weeks. Depression severity was assessed using Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Antidepressant response was defined as a MADRS improvement of 50% or more. RESULTS Over the two-week follow-up, we found a significant treatment by time interaction (F(8,245) = 2.02, p = 0.04), reflecting prolonged antidepressant effects post rapamycin+ketamine treatment. At 2 weeks, we found a significantly higher response rate following rapamycin+ketamine (41%) compared to placebo+ketamine (13%, p = 0.04). However, rapamycin pretreatment did not alter the acute effects of ketamine. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, pretreatment with rapamycin prolonged rather than blocked the acute antidepressant effects of ketamine. This observation raises questions about the role of mTORC1 in the antidepressant effects of keta-mine, raises the possibility that rapamycin may extend the benefits of ketamine, and thereby potentially sheds light on mechanisms that limit the duration of ketamine effects. The supplementing of ketamine with rapamycin may be a treat-ment strategy for reducing the frequency of ketamine infusions during maintenance treatment.
Utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for driverless car technology

This paper examines the relationship between perceived usefulness of driverless car technology, perceived ease of use of driverless car technology, years of driving experience, age and the intention to use driverless cars. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with the Technology Acceptance Model as its theoretical framework. The primary method of data collection was an online survey. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. This study found significant, positive relationships between perceived usefulness of driverless car technology, perceived ease of use of driverless car technology and intention to use driverless cars. Also, there were significant, negative relationships between years of driving experience, age and intention to use driverless cars.
The Diffusion of the Constitution: State Constitutions and State Education Financing

This manuscript uses a dyadic dataset and event history analysis to examine when a state court of last resort is likely to order education finance reform. Examining adopting and emulating states over the period 1970 through 2004 we find several things that support and expand on prior research, such as showing the importance to a state court of its constitutional language and its institutional structure. However, we also find that success for courts is different than success for a legislature. Applied to the matter of education finance reform, we find that courts do engage in emulation. There is a dialogue of law going on and court ordered education finance reform is transmitted from one state court to another. There is policy convergence between state courts. However, the factors that matter to a court are different than the factors that matter to a legislature. Courts, unlike legislatures, focus on state level differences not state level similarities. The state courts seem to take strength from the idea that courts that are in a weaker legal and structural position can still order finance reform. Thus courts make policy, but they do so in a manner very different from a legislature.
The Nature of Confirmatory Strategies in the Initial Assessment Process

Because mental health counselors typically rely on confirmatory or supportive questions to gain initial impressions about their clients' presenting concerns, they tend to search for differential diagnostic information less frequently (e.g., Haverkamp, 1993; Parmley, 2007). There has been little empirical attention given to the potential mechanisms for confirmatory questions. Accordingly, this study used multilevel modeling to analyze 772 confirmatory and disconfirmatory questions generated by 97 mental health counselors in training. Mental health counselors in this study, as in previous research, generated more confirmatory questions that supported their initial diagnostic impression than disconfirmatory questions; confirmatory questions were rated as having more diagnostic clarity and as being more specific. Further, confirmatory questions were more likely to be elicited from the initial case data presented to the counselor. These findings suggest that the ability of mental health counselors to generate ...