cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel synthetic human insulin super promoter for targeting PDX-1-expressing pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that a rat insulin promoter II fragment (RIP) was used to effectively target pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and insulinoma that over-express pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1). To enhance the activity and specificity of the human insulin promoter, we engineered a synthetic human insulin super-promoter (SHIP). Reporter assay demonstrated that SHIP1 was the most powerful promoter among all of the SHIPs and had far greater activity than the endogenous human insulin promoters and RIP in PDAC expressing PDX-1. Over-expression, knockdown and competitive inhibition of PDX-1 expression assay proved that PDX-1 is a critical transcript factor to regulate the activity of SHIP1. SHIP1-driven viral thymidine kinase followed by ganciclovir (SHIP1-TK/GCV) resulted in cytotoxicity to PDAC cells in vitro. Systemic delivery of SHIP1-TK/GCV in PDAC xenograft mice significantly suppressed PANC-1 tumor growth in vivo greater than RIP-TK/GCV and CMV-TK/GCV controls (p
Concurrent Milk Ingestion Decreases Absorption of Levothyroxine.

Background: Levothyroxine is the most commonly prescribed medication in the United States. Many foods and medications, including calcium supplements, can interfere with levothyroxine absorption. No...
Dynamic Time Warping Temperature Compensation for Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring

Guided wave structural health monitoring is widely researched for remotely inspecting large structural areas. To detect, locate, and characterize damage, guided wave methods often compare data to a baseline signal. Yet, environmental variations create large differences between the baseline and the collected measurements. These variations hide damage signatures and cause false detection. Temperature compensation algorithms, such as baseline signal stretch and the scale transform have been used to optimally realign data to a baseline. While these methods are effective in some conditions, their performance deteriorates in the presence of large temperature variations, long propagation distances, and high frequencies. In this paper, we use dynamic time warping to better align guided wave data and to overcome these errors. When compared with stretch-based methods, we show that the dynamic time warping is more robust to the above-mentioned errors and more accurately detects damage with weak ultrasonic signatures.
Agitación y transferencia de masa de CO2 en fotobiorreactores tipo airlift

The production of biomass from microalgae in closed systems such as photobioreactors is a function of different issues: substrate concentration, pH, temperature, aeration and agitation of the growth medium; the latter is one of the most important elements because it has a direct influence on mass transfer. The impact of this factor on the design of photobioreactors is the object of study in this article. With the support of the bibliographic review, it found that the agitation that disperses the CO2, affects the number of bubbles, the retention of gas and the diameter of the bubble. These conditions, for mass production developed in photobioreactors directly, have an impact on the design, for which photobioreactors type airlift have been generated, that proposes, as a first step, increasing the retention of gas whilst decrease the relation of areas on the equipment and as a second step, promoting the transfer of mass regarding the handling of bubble sizes that increase the contact area between the gas-liquid phases. These patterns for the design of the airlift photobioreactors seek to carry out the mass transfer to appropriate values.
A MODEL OF A FRACTURED CANINE RADIUS BASED ON THE STRUCTURAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE FUNCTION

Abstract A series of laboratory canines were used to determine the feasibility of using the structural frequency response function to assess the state of healing in the surgically altered radius of each animal. At the conclusion of the study, all radii were tested to failure to determine their strength. In all cases, the data collected from the frequency response measurements correlated well with the strength data. These results indicate the potential of the structural frequency response as a diagnosic aid for dealing with fracture healing.
Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

In man, most of the aqueous humor drainage and the major resistance to outflow occur across the trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm’s canal. Pros-taglandins are known to alter intraocular presure (IOP) and have been implicated in both physiological and pathophysiological aspects of IOP regulation. In the present study, we have characterized pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells and measured basal and hormone-stimulated PGE2 release. The principal product of [1-14C]PGH2 metabolism and [1 − 14C]arachidonic acid metabolism was PGE2. Immunoreactive PGE2 was released in excess of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1α during 15-min incubations in phosphate-buffered saline. Incubation wth indomethacin (5 μM) for 20 min substantially reduced (80–85% inhibition) PGE2 formation from AA. Overnight incubation with dexamethasone (ID50 = 3.3 × 10−9M) inhibited basal and A23187-stimulated PGE2 release. The effects of dexamethasone on PGE2 synthesis and release could be prevented by pretreatment of the HTM cells with 2 μg/ml cyclo-heximide. A23187 (10−6-10−5 M) elicited a significant P <0.05 compared to control) increase in PGE2 release (RIA determinations).
Nonmarket Strategy in Turkey

With about 80 million inhabitants, Turkey is the world’s eighteenth most populous nation, comparable in size to fellow NATO ally, Germany (World Bank 2016b). In terms of economic size, Turkey ranks 17, with a GDP of over $863 billion and nearly $25,000 per capita (see Table 11.1). With a score of 65.4 in the Heritage Index, Turkey ranks 58 in economic freedom but only 28 out of 44 European countries. Indeed, economic freedom in Turkey is a complex phenomenon, as the nation scores very well in certain areas, but very poorly in others. Although Turkey is widely considered among the world’s largest and most prosperous countries, consolidation of power in the hands of President Tayyip Erdogan—elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018—and political uncertainty associated with a failed coup d’etat in 2016 threaten to undercut the nation’s economic progress. While political instability has not yet triggered fiscal instability, government corruption and the politicization of the nation’s court system have substantially undermined the rule of law and have caused considerable angst among potential investors (Miller et al. 2018).
The relationship between occurrence of invasive bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy 1851) and parameters of the aquatic environment in the Biosphere Reserve Třeboňsko (Czech Republic)

In the period from 2012 to 2014, twenty localities with a varying density level of the invasive bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica were investigated in the Třeboň region. These localities included water bodies ranging from eutrophic-hypertrophic fishponds to mesotrophic-oligotrophic flooded sandpits. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the water bodies’ physical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters. Control localities (localities with absence of P. magnifica) were found to be significantly different from localities with occurrence of P. magnifica in most of the measured parameters. Also shown was that P. magnifica tends to form colonies in localities showing above-average qualitative parameters within the Třeboň region: balanced oxygen and pH regime, low concentration of suspended solids (Secchi depth over 1 m) and nitrogen forms (mean TN 1.5 mg L−1), chlorophyll-a mean concentration 54 µg L−1, and zooplankton mean density 117 ind L−1 and biomass 2 mg of wet weight L−1. Furthermore, P. magnifica was also found in brown humic waters. While the sites with P. magnifica occurrence are often mesotrophic flooded sandpits and fishponds under nature protection, fishponds for recreational use, and those with low intensity of fishery management (without formation of massive cyanobacterial water blooms, oxygen regime fluctuations, etc.), localities unoccupied by invasive bryozoans are mostly strictly eutrophic-hypertrophic, semi-intensified, carp fishponds.
Coronary Bypass Versus Percutaneous Revascularization in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.

Background This study focused on contemporary outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD). Methods This was a propensity-matched retrospective, observational analysis. Patients with MVCAD who underwent CABG or PCI between 2010 and 2018 and for whom data were available through the National Cardiovascular Data Registry or The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were included. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included freedom from inpatient readmission and freedom from repeat revascularization. Results Of the initial 6,163 patients with MVCAD, the propensity-matched cohort included 844 in each group. The estimated 1-year mortality was 11.5% and 7.2% (p Conclusions This contemporary propensity-matched analysis of patients undergoing coronary revascularization for MVCAD demonstrates a significant mortality benefit with CABG over PCI, and this benefit is consistent across virtually all major patient subgroups. Futures studies are needed reflecting routine practice to assess how best to approach shared decision making and informed consent when it comes to revascularization decisions in any patient with MVCAD.
Computing Similarity Distances Between Rankings

Abstract We address the problem of computing distances between permutations that take into account similarities between elements of the ground set dictated by a graph. The problem may be summarized as follows: Given two permutations and a positive cost function on transpositions that depends on the similarity of the elements involved, find a smallest cost sequence of transpositions that converts one permutation into another. Our focus is on costs that may be described via special metric-tree structures. The presented results include a linear-time algorithm for finding a minimum cost decomposition for simple cycles and a linear-time 4 ∕ 3 -approximation algorithm for permutations that contain multiple cycles. The proposed methods rely on investigating a newly introduced balancing property of cycles embedded in trees, cycle-merging methods, and shortest path optimization techniques.
Hospital readmissions after pulmonary resection: post-discharge nursing telephone assessment identifies high risk patients

Background We previously reported that post-discharge nursing telephone assessments identified a frequent number of patient complaints. Our aim was to determine if telephone assessments can identify patients at risk for emergency room (ER) visits or hospital readmissions. Methods A single-institution, retrospective review was performed on all patients undergoing pulmonary resection over a 12-month period. Standardized nursing telephone calls were conducted and records were reviewed to determine postoperative issues. ER visits and readmissions within 30 and 90 days were recorded. Results In total, 521 patients underwent pulmonary resection and 245 (47%) were reached for telephone assessment. ER visits within 30/90 days were 8.1% (n=42) and 12.1% (n=63). Readmissions within 30/90 days were 3.1% (n=16) and 6% (n=31). For those reached by telephone assessment, patients with major issue demonstrated increased 30-day ER visits: 22.6% (n=7) vs. 8.0% (n=17), P=0.019. For all patients, those with 90-day ER visit and/or readmission were more likely to have pulmonary complications during initial admission (43.8% vs. 21.2%, P<0.001). Among patients who were reached by telephone, independent predictors of ER visit or readmission within 30 days were: major issue identified on telephone assessment (P=0.007), discharge with chest tube (<0.001), and reintubation postoperatively (P=0.047). Conclusions Standardized nursing telephone assessments were able to identify a high-risk population more likely to need ER visit or readmission. However, telephone assessments did not decrease ER visits or readmissions. Improved post-discharge protocols are needed for these high-risk patients in order to ensure patient safety, optimize patient experience, and limit unnecessary resource utilization.
Disparities in the Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Early Stage Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background Clinical trials have long established the long-term safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) in patients with clinically node-negative early stage breast cancer. The variations in utilization of SLND and ALND in this patient population, however, are currently unknown. Methods Adult female patients (40 years and older) within the National Cancer Database diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2013 and December 2015, who had clinical T1-T2 and N0 disease, and who underwent either SLND (with or without subsequent ALND) or ALND were included. Differences in utilization across race, ethnicity, insurance type, facility, and residential characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Overall, 271,689 patients were included, of which 26,527 (10%) received ALND and 245,162 (90%) underwent SLND. After adjusting for demographics and cancer characteristics, black (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06-1.17) and Hispanic women (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24) were more likely to receive ALND. Patients without health insurance (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.47), compared with private health insurance, and those receiving treatment at community cancer centers (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.53-1.67), compared with academic/research centers, were also more likely to receive ALND. Conclusions Although the vast majority of women undergo SLND, significant disparities exist in its utilization for early stage breast cancer, with traditionally underserved patients receiving unwarranted extensive axillary surgery. Increased patient and surgeon education is needed to decrease variations in care that can affect patient's quality of life.
Ligand Complexes Generated during Cytochrome P-450 Dependent Metabolism

The characterization and quantitation of cytochrome P-450 as it is known to much of the scientific community, depends not on its enzymic activity, but on the interaction of the heme iron with a ligand (Omura and Sato 1964).
Surgical treatment of midfoot Charcot neuroarthropathy with osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes: a systematic review

Objective: A wide range of clinical presentations of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot with concomitant osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes has been described. Existing literature provides a...
Strategic Planning for the Inclusion of People with Disabilities into Work Organizations

People with disabilities remain underrepresented in work organizations. To improve employment prospects for this population, employers should strategize means of inclusion. This focus rests with top managers who chart the degree of friendliness within their organizational structure. These leaders determine the strategic fabric to broaden or limit opportunities for those with mental or physical impairments. From this perspective, upper leaders are either agents of change or gatekeepers of status quo, with the latter resulting in a weak diversity composition and a homogeneous workforce. Chapter 10 links strategic planning to disability diversity in the work unit. In doing so, several strategic planning theories are presented in a disability lexis. Then, the chapter provides an analysis of how these theories can be used to broaden representation of people with disabilities within work organizations.
Fatal Cerebral Vasospasm following a Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis in a Young Child with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt.

Introduction Despite the successful implementation of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination, invasive serotypes still lead to a fatal infection. We recently cared for a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and H. influenzae meningitis and septicemia complicated by vasospasm. Vasospasm caused by Haemophilus central nervous system infection has not been previously reported. Case presentation A 34-month-old patient with a recent VPS presented with H. influenzae meningitis and sepsis. Despite the explant of hardware, followed by maximum medical management, the patient developed stroke due to severe vasospasm, which led to diffused anoxic brain injury. Conclusions We aim to alert for the possible critical condition caused by H. influenzae. It is essential to treat the underlying illness, despite the presence of a VPS. Surgical implant tends to be overlooked by other subspecialists. Being vaccinated to H. influenzae does not protect from different subtypes like non-typeable H. influenzae. The cause of vasospasm remains unclear.
Operationalizing and Measuring Personalized Learning in K-12 Schools: Development and Implementation of an Innovation Configuration Map

In 2012, the United States Department of Education announced the Race to the Top-District grants. One joint award was made to two large educational cooperatives in the same state that together represented 111 mostly rural schools in 22 districts. One of the grant’s identified four essential projects was the implementation of personalized learning. This article describes how the grant’s external evaluation team worked with grantee leadership and school districts to operationalize personalized learning and then develop and implement Innovation Configuration Maps to measure school-level personalized learning environments. Developmental steps, adoption processes, and preliminary school-level results are reported.
Analyzing outcomes after proximal humerus fractures in patients <65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background There has been an increasing amount of interest and research examining best practices for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHF). Recent, high-level randomized control trials and many retrospective cohort studies have failed to demonstrate clear benefit of surgical management for these injuries especially in the elderly (generally defined as ≥65 years old). There is a paucity of research available on outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures in adults younger than 65 years, and comparative data are almost nonexistent. The purpose of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the available data to determine if the literature supports surgical management over conservative treatment for PHFs in adults younger than 65 years. Materials and methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of proximal humerus fractures was performed using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. Studies were included if they reported useable data such as outcome measures for adult patients younger than 65 years. Quality of nonrandomized studies was assessed utilizing the MINORs criteria. Extracted data were analyzed using statistical software with P-value set at 0.05. Results Six studies were included in the study for data extraction and statistical analysis. When comparing Constant Scores (CS) and Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSS) of operatively and nonoperatively treated adult patients aged less than 65 years, no statistical differences were found. Furthermore, no statistical differences in CS or OSS were found comparing elderly patients (defined as ≥65 years) and adult patients (defined as 18 to Conclusion The available literature does not demonstrate a clear clinical benefit of operative treatment over nonoperative management of proximal humeral fractures in adult patients younger than 65 years. These results challenge the widely accepted practice of choosing surgical treatment in adult patients younger than 65 years with PHFs.
Patient Awareness of CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Patient-Oriented Questions and Study Setting.

Rationale & Objective Patient awareness of disease is the first step toward effective management and disease control. Awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has consistently been shown to be low, but studies estimating patient awareness of CKD have used different methods. We sought to determine whether the estimated prevalence of CKD awareness differed by the wording used to ascertain awareness or by setting characteristics. Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting & Study Populations Adults with CKD not receiving dialysis. Selection Criteria for Studies We included studies that estimated CKD awareness, determined CKD status by laboratory criteria, and provided the exact question wording used to ascertain awareness. Data Extraction 2 reviewers independently extracted data for each study; discordance was resolved by a third independent reviewer. Analytical Approach Mixed-effects models were used to calculate pooled CKD awareness estimates and 95% CIs. Results 32 studies were included. Publication year ranged from 2004 to 2017, with study populations ranging from 107 to 28,923 individuals. CKD awareness in individual studies ranged from 0.9% to 94.0%. Pooled CKD awareness was 19.2% (95% CI, 10.0%-33.6%) overall and was 26.5% (95% CI, 11.9%-48.9%) among individuals with an estimated glomerular filtration rate Limitations Significant heterogeneity across studies overall and among examined subgroups of wording and study setting. Conclusions Differently worded questions may lead to widely different estimates of CKD awareness. Consistent terminology is likely needed to most effectively surveil and leverage CKD awareness to improve management and disease control.
Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors of the Sinonasal Area and Skull Base: Experience at a Single Institution.

Objectives:Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare, polymorphous neoplasm with a highly variable presentation and natural history and unpredictable clinical course. The primary objective was...
Abstract P199: Circadian Contributions To Blood Pressure Variation Under Constant Conditions

The circadian clock is an endogenous biological timekeeper that responds to environmental changes and governs various physiological processes over a 24-hour cycle. Blood pressure (BP) variation is ...
Abstract 323: High Incidence of Delirium in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest Treated with Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia

Background: Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a recommended treatment for comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. To our knowledge, the incidence of delirium and its associated risk factors has not been assessed in survivors of cardiac arrest treated with TH. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 251 consecutive comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with TH from 2007 to 2013 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center following sudden cardiac arrest. The incidence and duration of delirium were measured in patients who awoke from coma after cardiac arrest and survived to ICU discharge. Delirium evaluations began after TH (temp >36 degrees Celsius), and were performed at least daily using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of cardiac arrest and post-arrest management characteristics (prior to warming) on delirium duration. This model adjusted for a...
Polyriboadenylate synthesis by nuclei from developing sea urchin embryos. II. Polyriboadenylic acid priming of ATP polymerase.

Abstract An ATP polymerase (ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.19) present in nuclear preparations from sea urchin embryos was shown to be primed by low molecular-weight polyriboadenylic acid, low molecular-weight yeast RNA, and sea urchin RNA. Non-priming, high molecular-weight poly(A) was activated by treatment with hog liver nuclease, which cleaves the polymer leaving a free 3′-hydroxyl group. Treatments that cleave the polymer leaving 3′-phosphate groups did not activate poly(A). Priming activity of poly(A) was inhibited by dATP. The acid-insoluble product of the poly(A)-primed reaction contained an average of 3–4 AMP residues. There was no evidence that chains could be initiated by the polymerase, as no [5′- 14 C]AMP was recovered from an alkaline hydrolysate.
Advanced interdisciplinary data assimilation: filtering and smoothing via error subspace statistical estimation

The efficient interdisciplinary 4D data assimilation with nonlinear models via error subspace statistical estimation (ESSE) is reviewed and exemplified. ESSE is based on evolving an error subspace, of variable size, that spans and tracks the scales and processes where the dominant error occurs. A specific focus here is the use of ESSE in interdisciplinary smoothing which allows the correction of past estimates based on future data, dynamics and model errors. ESSE is useful for a wide range of purposes which are illustrated by three investigations: (i) smoothing estimation of physical ocean fields in the Eastern Mediterranean, (ii) coupled physical-acoustical data assimilation in the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak, and (iii) coupled physical-biological smoothing and dynamics in Massachusetts Bay.
Serial and parallel concatenated differential space-time coding

We propose two types of turbo differential space-time coding, namely serial and parallel concatenated structures. In serial structure, a convolutional encoder is followed by a differential space-time encoder, while in parallel structure, two identical differential space-time encoders are concatenated in parallel. The encoding and iterative decoding process is thoroughly studied, and the improved performance at low SNR is demonstrated and compared via simulations.
Specificities of Germ Line Antibodies

The past few years have seen remarkable progress in research on the structure and function of antibodies. In our own work we have shown that it is possible to obtain extensive significant information on the composition and structure of antibody combining sites using NMR, together with nitroxide spin-label haptens (Anglister et al, 1984a, 1985 and 1987; Frey et al, 1984). This derived information includes the amino acid composition of the combining site region, that is, the number of tyrosines, alanines, etc. that are within ~ 20 A of the odd electron on the paramagnetic hapten. In antibody molecules there are typically 40–50 amino acids in this combining site region. We have shown that NMR titration data can be used to estimate distances between individual protons on amino acid side chains and the odd electron (Anglister et.al., 1984b; Frey et. al., 1988). These measured distances extend out to about 20 A, and in to distances of the order of 3–5 A. Shorter distances can sometimes be estimated from nuclear magnetization transfer experiments. The NMR data also provide a powerful and convenient means of obtaining the on-off kinetics of hapten-antibody reactions, using resonance signals from the hapten as well as from the protein.
Amount of social contact and hip fracture mortality.

In the United States, more than 340,000 hip fractures occur each year in persons aged 65 and older.1 A number of studies estimate mortality to be 20% or higher in the first year after hip fracture.2–7 Risk factors for higher mortality after hip fracture include older age, male sex, associated medical conditions, prefracture functional status, cognitive impairment, and delirium at the time of hospitalization for hip fracture,2–8 although fracture-related mortality remains high even in persons with no overt comorbidities or physical impairments.9 There is evidence that social interaction is associated with better survival in elderly persons,10–14 even after myocardial infarction or stroke.15–18 Other evidence suggests that social interaction is associated with better likelihood of functional recovery, which may indirectly improve the prospect of survival,19–22 but what is not known is whether social interaction is associated with greater survival in frail elderly participants who have suffered hip fracture—a condition associated with high mortality. Because some of the risk factors for fracture differ from those for other conditions, it is important to understand whether social interaction is associated with recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether frequent social contact is associated with greater likelihood of survival after hip fracture. It is a novel approach to examine the relationship between pre- and postfracture social support and mortality. Also, it extends previous work by examining the association between social network interaction and survival from hip fracture in a large cohort of patients, providing better adjustment for potentially confounding risk factors and by doing so over 2 years after fracture.
An Introduction to Existential-Phenomenological Thought in Psychology

Almost all present-day psychology textbooks begin their project either explicitly or implicitly discussing the nature of men and women and what there is about them as living, sentient beings that can indeed be studied systematically. Our discussion will also begin in this fashion by comparing the foundation which underlies mainstream psychology with that of the existential-phenomenological approach. As you know, psychology, as it is typically presented, is heavily indebted to the natural sciences both for its understanding of human phenomena and its methods. The ground or foundation for psychology offered in the present volume is existential-phenomenological philosophy, and whereas this particular philosophy has a long history, it is only in recent times that systematic attention has been given to its implications for psychology. Many of you will undoubtedly find some of the ideas introduced to be quite new and, more than likely, somewhat discordant with your presently held views.
OH observations of space shuttle exhaust

[1] We report the unexpected observation of a large hydroxyl (OH) cloud north and east of the United States a day after a space shuttle launch in November, 1994. The Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) observed OH(0,0) solar fluorescence near 309 nm while staring toward a tangent altitude of 87 km, where OH can be produced from water vapor photodissociation. The OH(0,0) band has a rotational temperature of 252 ± 23 K corresponding to an altitude of 110 ± 3 km, where nearly half of the shuttle's main engine water vapor exhaust is released on ascent. The location of the cloud one day after injection into the atmosphere implies that its average velocity is between 26–40 m/s northward. We also report strong evidence of water ice measured simultaneously along the same line of sight, suggesting that water vapor exhaust is redistributed by condensation and sedimentation.
Patenting of genetic material: are the benefits to society being realized?

Patents represent a contract between an inventor and society. By granting time-limited market exclusivity, patents create the potential for inventors to generate high returns on successful innovations. In exchange, the inventor provides a complete description of the invention so that others may
Structural variants of yeast prions show conformer-specific requirements for chaperone activity

Summary Molecular chaperones monitor protein homeostasis and defend against the misfolding and aggregation of proteins that is associated with protein conformational disorders. In these diseases, a variety of different aggregate structures can form. These are called prion strains, or variants, in prion diseases, and cause variation in disease pathogenesis. Here, we use variants of the yeast prions [RNQ+] and [PSI+] to explore the interactions of chaperones with distinct aggregate structures. We found that prion variants show striking variation in their relationship with Hsp40s. Specifically, the yeast Hsp40 Sis1 and its human orthologue Hdj1 had differential capacities to process prion variants, suggesting that Hsp40 selectivity has likely changed through evolution. We further show that such selectivity involves different domains of Sis1, with some prion conformers having a greater dependence on particular Hsp40 domains. Moreover, [PSI+] variants were more sensitive to certain alterations in Hsp70 activity as compared to [RNQ+] variants. Collectively, our data indicate that distinct chaperone machinery is required, or has differential capacity, to process different aggregate structures. Elucidating the intricacies of chaperone-client interactions, and how these are altered by particular client structures, will be crucial to understanding how this system can go awry in disease and contribute to pathological variation.
Web-phreeq: a WWW instructional tool for modeling the distribution of chemical species in water

Abstract A WWW-based tool, WEB-PHREEQ, was developed for classroom teaching and for routine calculation of low temperature aqueous speciation. Accessible with any computer that has an internet-connected forms-capable WWW-browser, WEB-PHREEQ provides user interface and other support for modeling, creates a properly formatted input file, passes it to the public domain program PHREEQC and returns the output to the WWW browser. Users can calculate the equilibrium speciation of a solution over a range of temperatures or can react solid minerals or gases with a particular water and examine the resulting chemistry. WEB-PHREEQ is one of a number of interactive distributed-computing programs available on the WWW that are of interest to geoscientists.
Rapid growth of cutaneous metastases after surgical resection of thrombospondin-secreting small blue round cell tumor of childhood

In animal models, the importance of tumor-derived antiangiogenic factors in controlling metastases has been demonstrated by the growth acceleration of distant metastases after surgical excision of a primary tumor mass. We report the case of an infant who developed rapidly growing cutaneous metastases after surgical resection of a neoplasm of an upper extremity. The tumor was undifferentiated, with some morphological features of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. To test the possibility that the primary tumor was secreting an angiogenic inhibitor, cells from the primary tumor were grown in culture, and the culture medium was tested with an in vitro endothelial cell migration assay and Western blot. The cultured cells secreted sufficiently high levels of an angiogenic inhibitor to overcome the inducing ability of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. One of the secreted proteins was thrombospondin-1, a potent antiangiogenic glycoprotein. The rapid dissemination of distant metastases after resection of the primary tumor in this case suggests that tumor-derived angiogenic inhibitors are important in maintaining the local net balance of angiogenic mediators controlling the growth of micrometastasis.
Developing career and employability skills: a US case study

As a result of education and business partnerships, there is general consensus that career and employability skills should be taught in high schools, since many students leave education without the requisite skills to succeed in the adult work world. This leads to the question of whether teachers are competent to provide instruction on employability skills, and whether teacher training programs are preparing teachers to do so. As an example of how to rectify this situation, one US university has developed and implemented a new course on teaching career and employability skills for its technical teacher preparation program. The case describes how the course was developed and how it is being delivered, as well as the content and process skills students are learning. The potential impact of the new course is discussed in terms of the extent to which new teachers are using the skills, the capability of their students, and ultimately, how local organizations view the graduates.
Direct observations of atomic mixing in Pt/Pd surface alloy formation

Abstract Atomic-resolution images have been obtained which show directly the mixing of platinum and palladium atoms on the (110) plane of tungsten. In the temperature range 225–250 K, the atoms mix to form one-dimensional chains. At 275 K and above, two-dimensional islands are formed. Selective removal of the palladium atoms from the mixed-metal clusters indicates that the platinum and palladium atoms are not ordered with respect to each other.
Inorganic nitrogen dynamics in an urban constructed wetland under base-flow and storm-flow conditions

Abstract In urban landscapes constructed wetlands are often used to treat wastewater. These systems have been shown to decrease inorganic nitrogen (N) pollution and improve water quality. However, many studies focus just on N removal under base-flow conditions. With climate change altering precipitation patterns, it is becoming increasingly critical to understand how these systems function during storm events in addition to base-flow conditions. Our research focused on N dynamics in an urban constructed wetland located on the State University of New York, Binghamton campus. We conducted a multi-year field research project to examine seasonal and yearly variations in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export under naturally variable hydrologic conditions. From 2007 to 2011, during base-flow conditions, we collected weekly to monthly grab samples at the inlet and the outlet of the wetland, except some winter months; corresponding discharge measurements were also recorded. From July 2010 through March 2011, during storm events, we used two ISCO automated samplers to collect water samples and stage measurements at the inlet and outlet weirs. Water samples were analyzed for DIN (NO3–N and NH4–N). Mass balance input and output budgets were calculated by multiplying concentration and discharge values for each sampling event and averaging them to calculate mean monthly fluxes. Under base-flow conditions, DIN concentrations in the wetland were significantly lower at the outlet than the inlet in all sampling years and for the spring, summer, and autumn seasons, but not during the winter. Over the entire 4-year sampling period, 38% of the DIN entering the wetland was removed during base-flow. In contrast, the wetland removed DIN in only two of the seven storm events sampled and overall, DIN-export was 34% greater than the input. Our results show that during base-flow, the constructed wetland was capable of decreasing N loads from urban sources. However, it had a limited ability to lower N during storm events. Thus, if the number of rainfall events increase as expected under future climate change scenarios, the N removal capacity of urban constructed wetlands could be compromised.
The Road Less Traveled: Associations between Externalizing Behaviors and Eating Pathology

Objective: Few studies have examined associations between externalizing behaviors and eating disorders in either sex. The current study investigated sex differences in associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and disordered eating. Method: A sample of 541 men and women completed self-reported measures of disordered eating (e.g., binge eating), internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety), and externalizing behaviors (e.g., delinquency). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine sex differences in associations between these symptoms and disordered eating. Results: Internalizing symptoms showed the strongest associations with disordered eating in both sexes. Hyperactivity and aggression were more strongly associated with disordered eating in men, whereas alcohol use was more strongly associated with disordered eating in women. Discussion: Results indicated several sex similarities in associations between internalizing symptoms and disordered eating, but some important sex differences among externalizing behaviors. Externalizing behaviors may play a significant role in the development of disordered eating uniquely within men and women. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Acupuncture as a treatment modality for the management of cancer pain: the state of the science.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the current state of the science regarding acupuncture as a treatment modality for cancer pain. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched, as were Web sites from the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Health's Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program, and the American Cancer Society. DATA SYNTHESIS: This article synthesizes nine years of published research on the use of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment for the management of cancer pain. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a lack of level I evidence regarding the use of acupuncture as a cancer pain treatment modality. The majority of evidence is level III or higher; therefore, causality cannot be inferred. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Future research should focus on level I and level II evidence, controlling for variables to strengthen validity, and addressing sample size to enhance the generalizability of results. Nurses should be knowledgeable about the state of the science evidence available to assist patients in making educated decisions.
The effects of sex of subject, sex and attractiveness of photo on facial recognition

This study was conducted to assess the effect of sex of participant, and sex and attractiveness of photo on facial recognition with 25 black male and 25 female college students. The results indicated that male participants performed better with male faces with d'prime scores.
The Bovine Papillomavirus E5 Protein and the PDGF β Receptor: It Takes Two to Tango

The dimeric, extremely hydrophobic, 44-amino acid bovine papillomavirus (BPV) E5 protein is the smallest known oncoprotein, which orchestrates cell transformation by causing ligand-independent activation of a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase, the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR). The E5 protein is essentially an isolated membrane-spanning segment that binds directly to the transmembrane domain of the PDGFβR, inducing receptor dimerization, autophosphorylation, and sustained mitogenic signaling. There are few sequence constraints for activity as long as the overall hydrophobicity of the E5 protein and its ability to dimerize are preserved. Nevertheless, the E5 protein is highly specific for the PDGFβR and does not activate other cellular proteins. Genetic screens of thousands of small, artificial hydrophobic proteins with randomized transmembrane domains inserted into an E5 scaffold identified proteins with diverse transmembrane sequences that activate the PDGFβR, including some activators as small as 32-amino acids. Analysis of these novel proteins has provided new insight into the requirements for PDGFβR activation and specific transmembrane recognition in general. These results suggest that small, transmembrane proteins can be constructed and selected that specifically bind to other cellular or viral transmembrane target proteins. By using this approach, we have isolated a 44-amino acid artificial transmembrane protein that appears to activate the human erythropoietin receptor. Studies of the tiny, hydrophobic BPV E5 protein have not only revealed a novel mechanism of viral oncogenesis, but have also suggested that it may be possible to develop artificial small proteins that specifically modulate much larger target proteins by acting within cellular or viral membranes.
Correlations between Reproductive Condition and Skull Characteristics of Beaver

After fifty years of legal protection of the beaver ( Castor canadensis canadensis Kuhl), annual midwinter trapping in Vermont was begun in 1950. At this same time, the Vermont Fish and Game Service began collecting carcasses from trappers for the purpose of analyzing the reproductive tracts and skulls, hoping principally to discover means of improving management of the beaver population in the State. Analysis of these carcasses was made in the Zoology Laboratory of the University of Vermont and the results are described here. I thank Mr. Frank T. Haseltine, Project Leader of the Vermont Fish and Game Service, and all others of this group for their aid, including dissection of the carcasses. Helpful criticisms were made by Mr. Malcolm W. Coulter, Maine Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Professors Paul A. Moody and Lyman S. Rowell, University of Vermont, and Professors Samuel L. Leonard and Perry W. Gilbert, Cornell University. I am grateful to those who assisted in making the measurements and to my wife, Amy, who prepared the figures and aided in the statistical analysis of the data. Financial support was provided by Project W-9-R of the Federal Fish and Wildlife Service and administered by Roger A. Seamans, Federal Aid Coordinator. Materials and methods .—The reproductive tracts were preserved in ten per cent formalin solution. Testes and epididymides used in the study of incidence of spermatogenesis were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at eight to ten micra, mounted, and examined under oil immersion magnification (950✕). An animal was recorded as showing spermatogenic activity only when spermatozoa were observed in the epididymis as well as the testis. The total length and the height at the base of each baculum were recorded. Both ovaries of each female were hand-sectioned (sections about one millimeter thick) under a stereoscopic dissecting microscope (15.3✕), and counts of corpora …
A Qualitative Evaluation of the Effects of Mandatory Reporting of Domestic Violence on Victims and Their Children

This purpose of this research was to evaluate the mandatory reporting law for domestic violence victims in the state of Kentucky through the qualitative interview of 24 female victims of domestic violence. Victims were generally supportive of the law and felt that professionals should be required to report domestic abuse. They did not feel that the report placed them at higher risk of revictimization or loss of their children to child protective services. The women were offered and utilized a range of supportive services. Criticisms of the process included the “secrecy” of contact, a simplistic conceptualization of family violence, and failure by police to act on the report. This research offers preliminary support for mandatory reporting as an effective intervention for domestic violence from the perspective of victims.
The millimeter-wavelength sulfur dioxide absorption spectra measured under simulated Venus conditions

Abstract Over 130 laboratory measurements of the 2–4 mm wavelength opacity of sulfur dioxide in a carbon dioxide atmosphere under simulated conditions for the upper Venus troposphere (temperatures between 308 and 343 K and pressures between 0.03 and 2 bar) have been made. These measurements along with the centimeter wavelength measurements by Steffes et al. (Steffes, P.G. et al. [2015]. Icarus 245, 153–161) have been used to empirically assess existing formalisms for sulfur dioxide opacity in a carbon dioxide atmosphere (Fahd, A.K., Steffes, P.G. [1992]. Icarus 97(2), 200–210; Suleiman, S.H. et al. [1996]. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets 101(E2), 4623–4635). The Van Vleck and Weisskopf Model (VVW) used by Fahd and Steffes with the JPL rotational line catalog (Pickett, H. et al. [1998]. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 60(5), 499–890) was found to fit 85.88% of all 500 measurements within the 2-sigma uncertainty. This work will improve the confidence in retrievals of the atmospheric abundance of sulfur dioxide from millimeter-wavelength observations of the Venus atmosphere.