cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noise‐induced inner ear damage in newborn and adult guinea pigs

Two-day (Group A), eight-day (Group B), and eight-month (Group C) old guinea pigs were exposed to 30 continuous hours of white noise at 119–120 db SPL. One month later pathology of the organ of Corti was evaluated and quantitated by use of the surface preparation technique. Percent cell damage was determined for outer hair, inner hair, outer pillar, and inner pillar cells at each of the four turns of the cochlea and for the cochlea as a whole. Comparisons of pathology of each cell type were made between groups. Mean percent outer hair cell damage per cochlea (± 1 S.E.) was 23.72 ± 3.69 for Group A, 36.98 ± 5.76 for Group B, and 7.24 ± 1.75 for Group C. There was no significant difference in outer hair cell damage between Groups A and B. Outer hair cells of Group A were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group A at three and one half turns; likewise, outer hair cells of Group B were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group B at two and one half and at three and one half turns. A similar effect was observed in terms of pathology of inner hair cells and pillar cells: there was a trend toward increased damage in animals of Groups A and B compared with C. Group C showed no outer or inner pillar cell damage, and only one of six animals had alterations in inner hair cells. In contrast, outer and inner pillar cells were damaged in Groups A and B, and four of six animals of Group A and six of eight of Group B showed inner hair cell damage. Recent electrophysiological and audiometric studies are discussed which, with the results of the present study, indicate greater susceptibility of young cochleas when compared with older cochleas, to noise-induced physiological and pathological alterations. It would seem medically prudent to take special precautions to avoid exposing newborns to excessive noise.
PRECOCIOUS ROLE ENTRY AS A MEDIATING FACTOR IN WOMEN'S METHAMPHETAMINE USE: IMPLICATIONS FOR LIFE‐COURSE AND PATHWAYS RESEARCH*

Precocious adoption of adult roles and responsibilities at an early age often has been linked to substance abuse and criminal behavior. Yet, much of the existing research suggests that early offending behaviors induce precocious movement into adulthood; less attention has focused on the way in which early adoption of adult roles and responsibilities might itself contribute to the onset of offending. In the following article, we examine the cumulative impact of early transitions into adult roles and responsibilities on the onset of methamphetamine (MA) use. Through inductive analyses of interviews with women methamphetamine users, we identified a range of adult roles and responsibilities that women described as facilitating their initiation into MA use, including family caretaking, motherhood, independent living, and peer and romantic associations with adults. Such findings have theoretical implications for both life-course perspectives and feminist pathways research. They highlight the importance of attending to the timing and sequencing of experiences as well as highlight the gendered nature of these processes.
The Causal Relationship Between Academic Self-Concept and Academic Achievement for Students With Disabilities: An Analysis of SEELS Data

This study examined the reciprocal causal effect between academic self-concept and academic achievement with family SES and parent involvement as predictive factors. Elementary and secondary groups...
Intermale Aggression in Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptor 1 Deficient Mice

Abstract The anxiogenic neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), has a complex effect on intermale aggression. CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) is the primary receptor for CRF and in this study, we examined in detail isolation-induced intermale aggression in CRFR1 deficient mice. All mice contained a mixed 50:50 inbred/outbred background to improve aggressive performance. Mice were isolated for 4 weeks prior to 2 consecutive days of aggression testing using the resident–intruder paradigm. Mice were also tested for anxiety on the elevated plus maze. Relative to littermate wild-type (WT) controls, CRFR1-mutant mice exhibited normal levels of intermale aggression over the 2 test days in terms of percentage showing aggression, number of attacks, time aggressive, and latency to first attack. In terms of sites of attacks on intruders, CRFR1-deficient mice attacked the ventral portion of the mid-section (including belly) significantly less frequently than WT males on test day 1, but these differences did not reach significance on test day 2. No other differences in sites of attacks were observed. Tail rattling also did not differ between groups. Importantly, KO males showed decreased anxiety relative to WT mice (consistent with previous reports) as evidenced by spending significantly more time on the open arms and significantly less time on the closed arms of the elevated plus maze. Plus maze performance did not correlate with any measure of levels of aggression, suggesting a dissociation between altered levels of anxiety and aggressive performance. Taken together, the results suggest that the activation CRFR1 is not necessary for the normal production of isolation-induced intermale aggression.
Distribution of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in apple orchards of the Hood River Valley, Oregon.

In a survey of predaceous phytoseiid mites from 65 apple blocks in the Hood River Valley, Oregon, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were the principal species present. Metaseiulus occidentalis predominated over T. pyri by a ratio of about 2:1 in 1984 mites collected during 1985. In experimental, commercial, and integrated pest management blocks, M. occidentalis was present alone or predominated over T. pyri in up to 88% of the blocks, whereas T. pyri occurred alone or predominated in up to 20% of the blocks. Both species occurred in near equal proportions in a maximum of 20% of blocks. An analysis of nine factors influencing the relative abundance of M. occidentalis and T. pyri indicated that vegetation in the habitat surrounding the block and the pesticides used were most important. In 1986, seasonal distributions and proportions of predatory mites found in individual blocks were similar to those found in 1985. The feasibility of managing mixed populations of T. pyri and M. occidentalis in Hood River orchards is discussed.
Contracting Costs and Information Asymmetry Reduction in Cross‐Border M&A

This paper explores the contracting costs of conducting mergers and acquisitions (M&A), creates a theoretical model of the information asymmetry involved, and shows how buying firms employ several mechanisms to reduce such asymmetry. Extending prior literature, the paper examines these costs in both domestic and cross-border settings using a sample of over 3000 M&A deals. I consider both the fees paid and the time required in the bargaining phase to be contracting costs, and model them simultaneously to help explicate their endogenous relationship. The results show that buyers in cross-border deals are more likely to employ mechanisms to affect information asymmetry, while the employment of these mechanisms affects contracting costs. The results help to explain why cross-border M&A are more costly yet more quickly executed. Finally, modelling the use and effects of the mechanisms is sufficient to explain the contracting cost differences between domestic and cross-border M&A.
Clinical Management of Flail Chest in Dogs and Cats: A Retrospective Study of 24 Cases (1989–1999)

Cases of flail chest injury for 24 client-owned companion animals following various traumas were evaluated. Concurrently sustained injuries, initial emergency treatments, and definitive treatment and outcome for regimens that utilize stabilization of the flail segment were compared with cases treated with no stabilization. Flail chest was confirmed in 24 animals: 21 dogs and three cats. There was an even division (12 each) of right and left flail segments. The median number of ribs involved was three (range, two to seven). Flail segment stabilization was performed in nine, and 15 were treated with no stabilization. Statistical analysis using multiple data permutations evaluating all combinations failed to reveal a significant difference in outcome between stabilized and unstabilized cases.
The Role of Mathematics in Science as Exemplified by the Work of the Bernoullis and Euler (1979, 1981)

The flight of man in space is the most astonishing achievement of engineering. Many factors were necessary to it. Everybody konws that one was numerical calculation on large machines. Another was the basic equations that the machines were told to solve, thousands and perhaps millions of times. The equations that govern the motion of a space capsule were discovered by mathematicians more than 200 years ago. Machines and methods of using them change often. The basic equations do not. They are permanent.
Corporate Commitment to Quality of Life: Evidence from Company Mission Statements

This paper examines the relationship between commitment to Quality of Life and firm size, profitability and industry. Mission statements were content analyzed for Day’s (1987) societal QOL goals and Maslow’s hierarchy. Including firms from Forbes Best Small Businesses and the Fortune 200 insured firm size diversity.Findings include significant (a=.05) relationships between firm size and several Maslow’s criteria. ROE is positively correlated (a=.05) with workforce well being, supporting literature regarding internal marketing. Industry effects suggest that financial services often include societal goals in mission statements, while ecological and safety goals are frequently mentioned in mining, metals and construction.
Aerosols in the Atmosphere: Sources, Transport, and Multi-decadal Trends

We present our recent studies with global modeling and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. We have used the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and satellite and in situ data to investigate (1) long-term variations of aerosols over polluted and dust source regions and downwind ocean areas in the past three decades and the cause of the changes and (2) anthropogenic and volcanic contributions to the sulfate aerosol in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere.
The Cardiac Care Unit in 1973

By anticipating and preventing acute rhythm disorders, the first generation of coronary care units achieved a 50% drop in early postinfarction mortality among patients who lived to reach the hospital. Today's CCU focuses on the problems of power failure and shock in an effort to improve survival even among poor-risk patients, and is simultaneously opening new approaches to therapy through related laboratory and clinical research.
Measurement of Hydrodynamic Growth near Peak Velocity in an Inertial Confinement Fusion Capsule Implosion using a Self-Radiography Technique

First measurements of hydrodynamic growth near peak implosion velocity in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion at the National Ignition Facility were obtained using a self-radiographing technique and a preimposed Legendre mode 40, λ=140 μm, sinusoidal perturbation. These are the first measurements of the total growth at the most unstable mode from acceleration Rayleigh-Taylor achieved in any ICF experiment to date, showing growth of the areal density perturbation of ∼7000×. Measurements were made at convergences of ∼5 to ∼10× at both the waist and pole of the capsule, demonstrating simultaneous measurements of the growth factors from both lines of sight. The areal density growth factors are an order of magnitude larger than prior experimental measurements and differed by ∼2× between the waist and the pole, showing asymmetry in the measured growth factors. These new measurements significantly advance our ability to diagnose perturbations detrimental to ICF implosions, uniquely intersecting the change from an accelerating to decelerating shell, with multiple simultaneous angular views.
Evaluating ACED: The Impact of Feedback and Adaptivity on Learning

This paper reports on the evaluation of a program named ACED (Adaptive Content with Evidence-based Diagnosis)---an assessment for learning system using Algebra I content related to the topic of geometric sequences. We used an evidence-centered design (ECD) approach [1] to create the system which includes three main models: proficiency, evidence, and task. Our goals of this study were to determine the learning benefit of the key design elements of adaptivity and formative feedback. Results from an experiment testing 268 heterogeneous students generally show that the system: (a) significantly improves learning, and (b) is a reliable and valid assessment tool. More specifically, the system's formative feedback feature significantly enhanced student learning, but did not detract from the accuracy of the assessment.
Phenotypes and Pathology of Drug-Induced Liver Disease

Drug hepatotoxicity can simulate nearly any clinical syndrome or pathologic lesion that may occur in the liver, so clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury may be difficult. Nevertheless, most drugs that are known to idiosyncratic liver injury tend to cause patterns of injury that produce characteristic phenotypes. Recognition of these patterns or phenotypes in liver biopsy material is helpful in evaluation of clinical cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-Induced Interleukin-10 Expression by Mononuclear Cells at 3% O2.

Abstract The production of IL-10, which counteracts the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, is induced by HIV-1 Tat in monocytes/macrophages by a process regulated by CREB-1 transcription factors [ 1 ]. IL-10 has been reported to suppress HIV-1 replication in macrophages by inhibiting HIV-1 transcription [ 2 ] at a, but it has also been reported to contribute to cell-mediated immunity in the setting of HIV infection [ 3 ]. We compared Tat-induced expression of IL-10 by THP-1 monocytes at 3% O2 (20 mmHg), the tension that monocytes see in certain tissues, and atmospheric 21% O2 (150 mmHg), the conventional in vitro culture condition. THP-1 cells were treated with recombinant HIV-Tat protein in combination with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-10 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Treatment of THP-1 cells with HIV-Tat and LPS resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in IL-10 expression in the cells cultured at 21% O2. In contrast under 3% O2 the expression of IL-10 was reduced by 3-fold. Treatment with tautomycin, a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibitor, prevented IL-10 expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells cultured at 21% O2. Thus, PP1 is likely to participate in Tat-mediated IL-10 production. PP1 has shown to affect CREB activity [ 4 ]; therefore we propose that PP1 might be involved in the CREB-mediated IL-10 gene expression. The inability of Tat to induce IL-10 production under 3% O2 might reflect the inadequate response of HIV-1 infected macrophages in vivo that might permit viral replication in infected macrophages. Further investigation of the role of PP1 in IL-10 expression could lead to new therapeutic opportunities for HIV-1 infection.
The relationship between 3D morphology of optic disc and spatial patterns of visual field loss in glaucoma

Purpose: Optic disc tilt defined over 3D optic disc morphology has been shown to be associated with the location of initial glaucomatous damages. In this work, we study the impact of optic cup depth (OCD) on spatial patterns of visual field loss in glaucoma. Methods: Pairs of reliable Cirrus OCT scans around optic disc and Humphrey visual fields of glaucoma patients without visually significant cataract and age-related macular degeneration were selected. The most recent visit of a randomly selected eye of each patient was chosen. The OCD was automatically calculated on the superior-inferior cross sectional image passing through the optic disc center. The correlations between the mean pattern deviation (PD) of each sector in glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) and Garway-Heath scheme and OCD were evaluated for all severities glaucoma and mild glaucoma (mean deviation ≥ -5 dB), respectively. Results: 424 eyes of 424 patients passed the data reliability criteria with 346 mild glaucoma patients. For all severities glaucoma, there was no significant correlation between the mean sector PD and OCD. For mild glaucoma, OCD was uniquely correlated to the mean PD of the inferior pericentral sector (r=-0.18, p=0.01) in GHT, which was independent of mean deviation and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p<0.001 for both). Conclusion: OCD was uniquely correlated to the vision loss of the inferior pericentral sector in GHT and Garway- Health scheme for mild glaucoma. Future advancement of OCT imaging techniques may provide better clinical diagnosis for early glaucoma by focusing on 3D morphological variation of the optic disc.
Novel mechanical impact simulator designed to generate clinically relevant anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.

Abstract Background Over 250,000 anterior cruciate ligament ruptures occur each year; therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of these injuries. The objective of the current investigation was to develop and analyze an impact test device that consistently produces anterior cruciate ligament failure in a clinically relevant manner. Method A mechanical impact simulator was developed to simulate the ground reaction force impulse generated from landing in a physiologic and clinically relevant manner. External knee abduction moment, anterior shear, and internal tibial rotation loads were applied to the specimen via pneumatic actuators. The magnitudes of applied loads were determined in vivo from a cohort of healthy athletes. Loads were systematically increased until specimen failure was induced. Three cadaveric lower extremity specimens were tested and clinically assessed for failure. Knee specimens were physically and arthroscopically examined at baseline and at post-injury by a board certified orthopedic surgeon. Findings All three specimens experienced failure at either the midsubstance or the femoral insertion site. The mean peak strain prior to failure was 18.8 (6.2)%, while the mean peak medial collateral ligament strain was 7.9 (5.9)%. Interpretation A board certified orthopedic surgeon confirmed observed rupture patterns were representative of clinical cases. Peak strains were consistent with literature. The novel mechanical impact simulator will allow researchers to assess clinically relevant patterns of rupture and the data generated will inform clinician decisions. This novel machine presents the ability to assess healthy specimens as well as differences in the function of deficient and reconstructed knees.
Tiling proofs of some Fibonacci-Lucas relations.

We provide tiling proofs for some relations between Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, as requested by Benjamin and Quinn in their text, Proofs that Really Count. Extending our arguments yields Gibonacci generalizations of these identities.
Examining Interdisciplinary Sustainability Institutes at Major Research Universities: Innovation in Cross Campus and Cross Disciplinary Models

This is a study of the distinctive characteristics, activities, challenges and opportunities of a specific type of sustainability institute, one that spans the many disciplines of the University and, to do so, reports to upper administration (Provost or Vice President.) Among research universities within the Association of American Universities (AAU), 19 are identified and 18 agreed to participate in this study. Directors were sent a 71-question survey in January 2017 that covered issues of Governance, Research, Education, Engagement, Campus Operations and Best Practices.
Utilizing active single-mode fiber injection for speckle nulling in exoplanet characterization

Despite recent advances in high-contrast imaging techniques, high resolution spectroscopy for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres is still limited by our ability to suppress residual starlight speckles at the planet’s location. We have demonstrated a new concept for speckle nulling by injecting directly imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). The restrictions on the incident electric field that will couple into the single-mode fiber give the adaptive optics system additional degrees of freedom to suppress the speckle noise on top of destructive interference. We are able to achieve a starlight suppression gains that are an order of magnitude better than conventional techniques in broadband light with minimal planet throughput losses.
Self-Efficacy and Nutrition Education: A Study of the Effect of an Intervention with Faith Community Nurses.

The faith community provides an important access point for practice focused on population health at a time when health issues such as obesity and overweight are affecting large number of Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine faith community nurses’ self-efficacy perceptions following a nutrition educational intervention. A convenience sample of 92 faith community nurses were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The t-distribution analysis revealed significant differences between the nutrition knowledge self-efficacy (p = .016) and nutrition counseling self-efficacy (p = .010) post-test scores for the experimental and control groups. This type of educational intervention provides a model to be used with faith community nurses as they integrate faith and health in this setting.
Elucidating and handling effects of valve-induced nonlinearities in industrial feedback control loops

Abstract In this work, we investigate the effects of various types of valve behavior (e.g., linear valve dynamics and stiction) on the effectiveness of process control in a unified framework based on systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that characterize the dynamics of closed-loop systems including the process, valve, and controller dynamics. By analyzing the resulting dynamic models, we demonstrate that the responses of the valve output and process states when valve behavior cannot be neglected (e.g., stiction-induced oscillations in measured process outputs) are closed-loop effects that can be difficult to predict a priori due to the coupled and typically nonlinear dynamics of the process-valve model. Subsequently, we discuss the implications of this closed-loop perspective on the effects of valve dynamics in closed-loop systems for understanding valve behavior compensation techniques and developing new ones. We conclude that model-based feedback control designs that can account for process and valve constraints and dynamics provide a systematic method for handling the multivariable interactions in a process-valve system, where the models in such control designs can come either from first-principles or empirical modeling techniques. The analysis also demonstrates the necessity of accounting for valve behavior when designing a control system due to the potentially different consequences under various control methodologies of having different types of valve behavior in the loop. Throughout the work, a level control example and a continuous stirred tank reactor example are used to illustrate the developments.
Perspectives on 3-D Visualization of Spatial Geodata and Future Prospects

For more than a century spatial scientists have sought to mathematically describe, illuminate, and visualize various forms of spatial surfaces, and other 3-D and higher dimensional spatial data. In the early years these were mostly physical terrain surfaces illustrated under the rubric of hill shading. In the first half of the 20th century rapid developments in 3-D visualization occurred largely in air photo and analogue photogrammetry. Beginning in the 1960s it became feasible to implement quantitative formulations in computing machines. This provided the opportunity to operationalize the mathematical theory in a digital virtual environment that was much more flexible than before. At about that time the use of homogeneous coordinate transformations provided a major breakthrough for digital 3-D object visualization. The involvement of interactive control and visualization techniques soon followed. Spatial surfaces, and especially topographic surfaces, were among the more popular objects. Since that time the theory of spatial surfaces and objects, spatial data structure designs, and the technology of display hardware have continued to develop and enhance the 3-D spatial visualization processes. This presentation will reflect on these conceptual and technical developments in spatial 3-D visualization from the perspective of four decades of involvement in the field. Comments and suggestions will be offered for suggestions of future developments.
LP strategy for the interval-Newton method in deterministic global optimization

A strategy is described for using linear programming (LP) to bound the solution set of the linear interval equation system that must be solved in the context of the interval-Newton method for deter...
Lake Champlain offshore benthic invertebrate community before and after zebra mussel invasion

Abstract Benthic invertebrates are important bio-indicators of water quality and play a significant role in aquatic systems. Lake Champlain has limited benthic invertebrate data which hinders development of food web models, assessment of invasive species impacts, and evaluation of management actions. In June 2016, we assessed benthic invertebrates along three transects in the main basin of Lake Champlain ranging from 5 to 100 m, and then compared results to densities from a limited survey in 1991 prior to the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion. In 2016, total biomass and density were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater at 5 m than at 20–100 m. Zebra mussels, chironomids, oligochaetes, and gastropods were dominant at 5 m, and oligochaetes and sphaeriids were dominant at 20–100 m. Total density at the 5-m site was 94% lower in 2016 compared to 1991, but similar at the 100-m site. Diporeia, while abundant in many freshwater bodies, is historically rare in Lake Champlain and was not detected in our sampling. Because Lake Champlain benthic invertebrate densities are low and display dissimilar distributions to the Great Lakes, we hypothesize the offshore fish community is likely much more reliant on pelagic rather than benthic production. Although the current composition and biomass suggest the benthic community in Lake Champlain may not be greatly impacted by an invasion of quagga mussel (D. rostriformis bugensis), the potential for quaggas to re-route energy from pelagic to benthic habitats, as it has in the Great Lakes, could limit the Lake Champlain offshore fish community.
Studies on N-Glycosylation of Proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

The N-glycosylation of proteins at asparagine residues in polypeptide chains is a ubiquitous modification in eukaryotic organisms that occurs at the lumenal face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins that are destined to become N-linked glycoproteins are synthesized on membrane bound ribosomes, and glycosylated during the process of translocation into the ER (cotranslational translocation). Subsequently these glycoproteins traverse the endomembrane system where they may be further processed, and then either delivered to various organelles, the plasma membrane, or secreted. In many cases oligosaccharide chains of these proteins are essential because if they are absent or altered, several processes can be affected. These processes are: (1) protein stability; (2) subcellular localization; (3) normal folding; or (4) protein secretion. The diverse biological roles for N-linked oligosaccharides have been reviewed (Varki, 1993).
Web mining: creating structure out of chaos

This chapter presents an overview of web mining. The three areas of web mining--Web content mining, Web usage mining, and Web structure mining--are identified. In this chapter specific attention is paid to Web structure mining, which is the study of the link topology. The link topology of the Web is analyzed in the context of a cyber-community in order to explore the connection between the link topology and conferral of authority. Millions, soon to be billions, of people are annotating Web documents, which results in an abundance of information. Herein lies the problem: topic distillation--searching through the sea of documents for relevant information. To address the problem of overabundance and relevancy, models are needed that can assist in creating order at the local level. The hub and spoke model identified in this chapter takes a proactive approach to creating an online community in a centralized or planned fashion and provides control over the architecture of the Web graph. In the end users can be assured with a certain level of confidence that the Web content contained in a hyperlinked community is both accurate and relevant.
Software Tools Supporting Integration

This chapter provides a brief survey of existing software tools that enable, facilitate, and/or support the integration of different optimization techniques. We focus on tools that have achieved a reasonable level of maturity and whose published results have demonstrated their effectiveness. The description of each tool is not intended to be comprehensive. We include references and links to detailed accounts of each tool for the interested reader, and we recommend that the reader consult his/her developers and/or vendors for the latest information about upgrades and improvements. Our purpose is to summarize the main features of each tool, highlighting what it can (or cannot) do, given the current version at the time of writing. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for future research directions.
Parent–Child Closeness and Parents’ Meaning in Life in Personal Meaning in Life: Examining Ethnic Differences

We examined for ethnic differences in how parent–child closeness and parents’ meaning in life predict personal meaning in life between 187 Asian American and 201 European American college students....
Plexiform Schwannoma of the Tongue in a Pediatric Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction. Plexiform schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma that accounts for only 5% of all schwannomas. Herein, we present a rare case of plexiform schwannoma of the tongue in a pediatric patient with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Case Presentation. A 13-year-old female presented with a growing left-sided tongue mass. The patient has a past medical history of NF2. The tongue mass was excised and histopathological examination revealed a spindle cell tumor with multinodular growth pattern, with Verocay bodies' formation. Tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), and EMA highlighted perineural fibroblasts surrounding tumor nodules. These findings were diagnostic of plexiform schwannoma. Conclusion. Plexiform schwannoma of the tongue is an extremely rare tumor seen in patients with NF2. Clinical examination and histopathological evaluation are important for diagnosis of plexiform schwannoma.
Stress, migration, and allostatic load: a model based on Mexican migrants in Columbus, Ohio.

Immigration is a disruptive event with multiple implications for health. Stressors, including family separation, acculturation, job insecurity, restricted mobility, sojourns, dangerous border crossings, stigmatization, and marginalization, shape immigrant health in ways we are only beginning to untangle. Around the world, there are over 200 million international migrants. In 2015, there were 43.2 million immigrants living in the US, 26.8% of whom were born in Mexico. Investigating how stress affects health among migrants facilitates better understanding of their experiences. Here, we review existing research on stress and how allostatic load varies among migrants with specific attention to Mexican migrants in the US. Next, we explore research incorporating biomarkers of allostasis and narratives of migration and settlement to examine disease risks of Mexican migrants residing in Columbus, Ohio. This mixed-methods approach allowed us to examine how social stressors may influence self-reports of health differentially from associations with assessed discrimination and physiological biomarkers of health. These data sources are not significantly associated. Neither narratives nor self-reports of health provide significant proxies for participants’ physiological health. We propose, the pairing of objectively assessed health profiles with narratives of migration better illustrate risks migrants face, while allowing us to discern pathways through which future health challenges may arise. Immigration and acculturation to a new nation are biologically and culturally embedded processes, as are stress and allostatic responses. To understand how the former covary with the latter requires a mixed-methods bioethnographic approach. Differences across multiple social and physiological systems, affect individual health over time. We propose incorporating physiological biomarkers and allostatic load with migrants’ narratives of their migration to unravel complex relationships between acculturation and health.
Solution and Solid State Properties for Low-Spin Cobalt(II) Dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene [(tmtaa)CoII] and the Monopyridine Complex

The single-crystal X-ray structure of solvent-free (tmtaa)CoII reveals three different π–π intermacrocyclic interactions between tmtaa units (tmtaa = dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene). Pairs of inequivalent (tmtaa)CoII units in the unit cell link into a one-dimensional π–π stacked array in the solid state. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) studies from 300 to 2 K reveal the effects of intermolecular interactions between (tmtaa)CoII units in the solid state. The effective magnetic moment per CoII center is constant at 2.83 μB from 300 to 100 K and begins to significantly decrease at lower temperatures. The magnetic data are fit to a singlet (S = 0) ground state with a triplet (S = 1) excited state that is 13 cm–1 higher in energy (−2J = 13 cm–1). Toluene solutions of (tmtaa)CoII have 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) paramagnetic shifts, a solution-phase magnetic moment μeff (295 K) of 2.1 μB, and toluene glass electron paramagnetic resonance spectra that are most consistent with a low-spin (S = 1/2) CoI...
Contemplating Cops: A Tale of Identities – Essay 1

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness” (Dickens, 1859/1940, p. 1), it was the epoch of traditional police policy and administ...
Cascade calculation with schematic interactions

In previous works we considered schematic Hamiltonians represented by simplified matrices. We defined two transition operators and calculated transition strengths from the ground state to all excit...
LEEM, SPLEEM and SPELEEM

This chapter discusses some of the most important imaging methods with low-energy electrons, including: low-energy electron microscopy (), its extension to spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (), and its combination with spectroscopic photoemission and low-energy electron microscopy (). Other imaging methods mentioned only briefly in the chapter include ultraviolet photoemission electron microscopy (), mirror electron microscopy (), low-electron energy loss microscopy (), and Auger electron emission microscopy (). The instruments used in these imaging methods allow imaging not only in real space but also in reciprocal space, such as low-energy electron diffraction () and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES in SPELEEM). The combination of these methods with complementary high-lateral-resolution methods renders imaging with low-energy electrons a comprehensive surface analysis tool.
Big data: mind your Ps and Qs-the importance of precision and quality in data validation.

CITATIONStierer TL. Big data: mind your ps and qs—the importance of precision and quality in data validation. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(2):161–162.
Safety of Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin or Unfractionated Heparin Infusion during Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

Abstract Purpose To examine the safety of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation during catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and Methods A retrospective review of 156 consecutive cases (age, 56.6 ± 15.4 years; 85 males) of CDT with alteplase for acute PE (symptoms, Results There were 4 mild (2.6%), 3 moderate (1.9%), and 3 severe (1.9%) hemorrhagic complications (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries), 1 of which (0.6%) was intracranial. No significant differences in hemorrhagic complication rates (P = .3, P = 1.0, and P = .6, respectively) or general complication rates (Society of Interventional Radiology [SIR] minor, P = .2; SIR major, P = .7) were noted between the LMWH and heparin groups. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure for the entire cohort improved from 28.9 ± 7.6 mmHg to 20.4 ± 6.5 mmHg (P Conclusions Therapeutic anticoagulation during CDT for PE appears to be safe. The current study did not find a significant difference between LMWH and heparin infusion with respect to hemorrhagic and general complication rates.
Minorities, Islam, Genocide?: The thirty-year genocide. Turkey’s destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894–1924, by Benny Morris and Dror Ze’evi, Cambridge, MA, and London, Harvard University Press, 2019, 672 pp., USD$35.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9780674916456

It is a peculiarity of the field of genocide studies that its practitioners often seem notably unmoored from the broader scholarly literature about the places they are studying. Since its inception...
Progress of plasma exchange in treatment of nervous system diseases

Plasma exchange is a commonly used blood purification method, h includes plasma exchange,double filtration plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption.Many nervous system diseases have the antibody. Guillian-Barre syndrome is caused by antibodies of the nervous system demyelinafing disease; Myasthenia grads is caused by the acetylcholinc receptor antibodies. CIDP also has autoimmune-mediated mechanism. Plasma exchange can be apphed effectively to remove antibodies, and to quickly improve the patient' s clinical symptoms and shorten the course of disease. Key words: Plasma exchange; Nervous system disease.
Paediatric bacterial meningitis in the USA: outcomes and healthcare resource utilization of nosocomial versus community-acquired infection

Introduction. Paediatric bacterial meningitis remains a costly disease, both financially and clinically.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Previous epidemiological and cost studies of bacterial meningitis (BM) have largely focused on adult populations or single pathogens. There have been few recent, large-scale studies of pediatric BM in the USA.Aim. We examined healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated morbidity and mortality of community-acquired versus nosocomial bacterial infections in children across the USA.Methodology. The IBM MarketScan Research databases were used to identify patients <18 years old admitted to USA hospitals from 2008 to 2015 with a primary diagnosis of BM. Cases were categorized as either community-acquired or nosocomial. HCRU, post-diagnosis neurosurgical procedures, 30-day in-hospital mortality, and complications were compared between groups. Multivariable regression adjusted for sex, age and Gram staining was used to compare costs of nosocomial versus community-acquired infections over time.Results. We identified 1928 cases of paediatric BM without prior head trauma or neurological/systemic complications. Of these, 15.4 % were nosocomial and 84.6 % were community-acquired infections. After diagnostic lumbar puncture (37.1 %), the most common neurosurgical procedure was placement of ventricular catheter (12.6 %). The 30-day complication rates for nosocomial and community-acquired infections were 40.5 and 45.9 %, respectively. The most common complications were hydrocephalus (20.8 %), intracranial abscess (8.8 %) and cerebral oedema (8.1 %). The 30-day in-hospital mortality rates for nosocomial and community-acquired infections were 2.7 and 2.8 %, respectively.Median length of admission was 14.0 days (Q1: 7 days, Q3: 26 days). Median 90-day cost was $40 861 (Q1: $11 988, Q3: $114,499) for the nosocomial group and $56 569 (Q1: $26 127, Q3: $142 780) for the community-acquired group. In multivariable regression, the 90-day post-diagnosis total costs were comparable between groups (cost ratio: 0.89; 95 % CI: 0.70 to 1.13), but at 2 years post-diagnosis, the nosocomial group was associated with 137 % higher costs (CR: 2.37, 95 % CI: 1.51 to 3.70).Conclusion. In multivariable analysis, nosocomial infections were associated with significantly higher long-term costs up to 2 years post-infection. Hydrocephalus, intracranial epidural abscess and cerebral oedema were the most common complications, and lumbar punctures and ventricular catheter placement were the most common neurosurgical procedures. This study represents the first nation-wide, longitudinal comparison of the outcomes and considerable HCRU of nosocomial versus community-acquired paediatric BM, including characterization of complications and procedures contributing to the high costs of these infections.
Diversification, Vertical Integration, and the Regional Pattern of Dairy Farm Size

Dairy farm size differs considerably across the United States. We analyze patterns of dairy farm size to determine how differences in vertical integration and diversification relate to farm size. We find that diversification accounts for little size variation. For vertical integration, the partial correlation with dairy herd size is strongly negative. Dairy value-added size measures vary less across regions than herd size, indicating that an important part of herd size variation relates to vertical integration. Nonetheless, dairy farms in the Pacific and South regions remain much larger than farms in the traditional dairy regions, even when accounting for vertical integration.
Nonparametric jump variation measures from options

Abstract This paper proposes a novel nonparametric method for estimating tail jump variation measures from short-dated options, which can achieve rate-efficiency and works in a general infinite jump activity setting, avoiding parametric or semiparametric assumptions for the jump measure. The method is based on expressing the measures of interest as integrals of the Laplace transforms of the jump compensator and developing methods for recovering nonparametrically the latter from the available option data. The separation of volatility from jumps is done in a novel way by making use of the second derivative of the Laplace transform of the returns, de-biased using either the value of the Laplace transform or of its second derivative evaluated at high frequencies. A Monte Carlo study shows the superiority of the newly-developed method over existing ones in empirically realistic settings. In an empirical application to S&P 500 index options, we find risk-neutral negative market tail jump variation that is on average smaller than previous estimates of it, is generated by smaller-sized jumps, and has less dependence on the level of diffusive volatility.
Flight call response is lower at dusk than during daytime in two parulid species

Many passerines regularly use flight calls to communicate during migration. However, flight-calling is inconsistent throughout the day, with a markedly lower degree of calling by free-flying individuals during the early evening hours and with peaks in calling typically around dawn. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that individual flight call response would vary by time of day, and the likelihood to respond would be lower at dusk than during the daytime. We tested daytime and dusk flight call responsiveness of captive American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) and Magnolia Warblers (S. magnolia) during spring migration at the Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (near Rochester, New York, USA). We played a conspecific flight call sound stimulus for individual birds placed inside a soundproof recording studio and recorded their acoustic responses. In our experiment, American Redstarts and Magnolia Warblers were significantly less likely to give flight call responses at dusk than the individuals tested during the daytime. The almost absent responsiveness to flight calls at dusk suggests that these species either minimally communicate with one another during take-off or do not use flight calls as a source of communication at this time. These results have important implications for detection and quantitative bioacoustics migration monitoring. They also demonstrate the need for additional studies in temporal flight-calling behavior.
Parametric Acoustic-based Passive Transponders for Ultra-sensitive Temperature and Temperature-Threshold Sensing

In this work, we report a new class of passive acoustic-based transponders (PATs), enabling both continuous and threshold temperature sensing, in a reduced form-factor. These PATs rely, for the first time, on the dynamical features exhibited by high-Q X-cut Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ) acoustic resonators, connected to the output of solid-state parametric frequency dividers (PFDs). The unique dynamics of the PFD boost the temperature sensitivity of the acoustic resonator by orders of magnitude. A threshold input power of ~ −15 dBm triggers a sub-harmonic oscillation in the PFD which is proportional to the temperature variations. This unique feature makes any temperature data accessible, in real-time, needlessly of expensive transponder architectures.
Modeling the determinants of large-scale building water use: Implications for data-driven urban sustainability policy

Abstract As the world's population continues to urbanize, cities are struggling to meet the demand for key resources such as clean water. In urban areas, enhancing the sustainability and water efficiency of buildings is crucial to meeting the resource needs of a growing population. Nevertheless, the understanding of the determinants of urban water consumption – and specifically of multi-family residential buildings that constitute the bulk of the urban building stock – is limited. Using an extensive database of actual water use from New York City's Local Law 84, coupled with land use and demographic data from the NYC Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output (PLUTO) database and Census data, we apply weighted robust regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to analyze the determinants and spatial patterns of water consumption in over 2300 multi-family buildings located in New York City. Our results indicate that occupancy, building size, building age, ownership structure, neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and the energy use intensity (EUI) of a building all have statistically significant effects on the water use intensity (WUI) of multi-family housing. Results of the GWR spatial analysis demonstrate large spatial variability across building characteristics, demographic variables and household income. The analysis and findings presented here give further support to the potential of targeted measures and incentives, segmented and classified by building characteristics and neighborhoods, to be effective tools for policymakers seeking to increase water efficiency in urban buildings and to accelerate reductions in resource use at the city scale.