cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation: A salt-free way to begin quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe

Cooling a 1:1 (v/v) solution of acetonitrile and water at -16° C is known to result in two clear phases. We will refer to this event as "cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation (CIPS)". On a molar basis, acetonitrile is 71.7% and 13.6% in the upper and lower phases, respectively, in our study. The phase separation proceeds as a descending cloud of microdroplets. At the convenient temperature (typical freezer) employed here the lower phase is rather resistant to solidification, although it emerges from the freezer as a solid if various insoluble matter is present at the outset. In a preliminary way, we replaced the initial (salting-out) step of a representative QuEChERS procedure with CIPS, applying this modified procedure ("CIPS-QuEChERS") to a homogenate of salmon (and partly to beef). Three phases resulted, where only the upper, acetonitrile-rich phase is a liquid (that is completely clear). The middle phase comprises ice and precipitated lipids, while the lower phase is the residual matrix of undissolved salmon or meat. Treating the upper phase from salmon, after isolation, with anhydrous MgSO4 and C18-Si (typical QuEChERS dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents), and injecting into a GC-MS in a nontargeted mode, gives two-fold more preliminary hits for chemicals, and also number of spiked pesticides recovered, relative to that from a comparable QuEChERS method. In part, this is because of much higher background signals in the latter case. Further study of CIPS-QuEChERS is encouraged, including taking advantage of other QuERChERS conditions.
Editorial on: multidisciplinary therapy of marginally operable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer.

Yang and colleagues report on a multidisciplinary management strategy for marginally operable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). The authors used a very broad definition of “marginally operable,” as tumors with bulky or multistation N2 disease, invasion of a rib or diaphragm, atelectasis, or superior sulcus tumors. From 2006 to 2013, a treatment strategy termed “phased concurrent chemoradiotherapy” (CCRT) was employed, followed by assessment 4 weeks after CCRT to assess operability (Group A, N=16). If the patient was deemed to be inoperable, the patient received more chemotherapy and a boost of up to 30 Gy of radiation (Group B, N=12). The authors then compared these two groups to patients who underwent definitive CCRT (Group C, N=19). Per the authors, the purported rationale for this phased approach in the “marginally operable” patient is “to decrease the toxicities associated with CCRT and to maximize resectability”.
Assessing colon polypectomy competency and its association with established quality metrics

Background and Aims Inadequate polypectomy leads to incomplete resection, interval colorectal cancer, and adverse events. However, polypectomy competency is rarely reported, and quality metrics are lacking. The primary aims of this study were to assess polypectomy competency among a cohort of gastroenterologists and to measure the correlation between polypectomy competency and established colonoscopy quality metrics (adenoma detection rate and withdrawal time). Methods We conducted a prospective observational study to assess polypectomy competency among 13 high-volume screening colonoscopists at an academic medical center. Over 6 weeks, we made video recordings of ≥28 colonoscopies per colonoscopist and randomly selected 10 polypectomies per colonoscopist for evaluation. Two raters graded the polypectomies by using the Direct Observation of Polypectomy Skills, a polypectomy competency assessment tool, which assesses individual polypectomy skills and overall competency. Results We evaluated 130 polypectomies. A total of 83 polypectomies (64%) were rated as competent, which was more likely for diminutive (70%) than small and/or large polyps (50%, P = .03). Overall Direct Observation of Polypectomy Skills competency scores varied significantly among colonoscopists ( P = .001), with overall polypectomy competency rates ranging between 30% and 90%. Individual skills scores, such as accurately directing the snare over the lesion ( P = .02) and trapping an appropriate amount of tissue within the snare ( P = .001) varied significantly between colonoscopists. Polypectomy competency rates did not significantly correlate with the adenoma detection rate (r = 0.4; P = .2) or withdrawal time (r = 0.2; P = .5). Conclusions Polypectomy competency varies significantly among colonoscopists and does not sufficiently correlate with established quality metrics. Given the clinical implications of suboptimal polypectomy, efforts to educate colonoscopists in polypectomy techniques and develop a metric of polypectomy quality are needed.
Non-Cooperative Team Formation and a Team Formation Mechanism

We model decentralized team formation as a game in which players make offers to potential teams whose members then either accept or reject the offers. The games induce no-delay subgame perfect equilibria with unique outcomes that are individually rational and match soulmates. We provide sufficient conditions for equilibria to implement core coalition structures, and show that when each player can make a sufficiently large number of proposals, outcomes are Pareto optimal. We then design a mechanism to implement equilibrium of this game and provide sufficient conditions to ensure that truthful reporting of preferences is a strong ex post Nash equilibrium. Moreover, we show empirically that players rarely have an incentive to misreport preferences more generally. Furthermore, for the problem with cardinal preferences, we show empirically that the resulting mechanism results in significantly higher social welfare than serial dictatorship, and the outcomes are highly equitable.
Developing an Attitudinal Model of Viral Marketing Acceptance: Moderating Effects ofConsumer Traits and Situational Factors

With the ever increasingly competitive business environment, more marketers are using viral marketing campaigns to reach consumers more efficiently at lower cost. The goal is to motivate consumers to take action as a result of the message including selecting the products, services or brands promoted while passing the message to others through individuals’ social networks. Research indicates the great potentials of viral marketing campaign to marketers, however, little is known about the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of consumers engaged in this marketing instrument (Wolny & Mueller, 2013). As the social media platform continues to advance, understanding the traits and motivations of consumers is invaluable for marketers and communicators who deal with message strategy and media outreach.
ALGORITHMS FOR GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION AND DISCRETE PROBLEMS BASED ON METHODS FOR LOCAL OPTIMIZATION

One of the most challenging optimization problems is determining the minimizer of a nonlinear nonconvex problem in which there are some discrete variables. Any such problem may be transformed to that of finding a global optimum of a problem in continuous variables. However, such transformed problems have astronomically large numbers of local minimizers, making them harder to solve than typical global optimization problems. Despite this apparent disadvantage we show the approach is not hopeless.
The NASA Smart Probe project for real-time multiple microsensor tissue recognition: automating stereotactic brain biopsy and other procedures

Automating the sensor, effector, and sensor-effector communication aspects of surgery is essential to perform opera-tions at a site remote from the surgeon, e.g. in Space. Real-time tissue recognition can be combined with image-guidance to augment the sensor component; a robot can be the remote effector component. The NASA Smart Probe uses neural networks to combine data from multiple microsensors in real-time to provide a unique tissue “signature”. The concept has been demonstrated in both animal models and clinical trials with women undergoing breast “biopsy” (optical followed by histological). Minimally-invasive multiparameter real-time tissue recognition should improve (1) cancer diagnosis, (2) localization (e.g. functional neurosurgery), and (3) tissue monitoring (e.g. cerebral or cardiac ischemia). The Smart Probe can become the sensor component of a self-contained robotic surgical device.
Es wird wohnlich

Die Oberflachentemperatur eines Planeten hangt von der Leuchtkraft des Sterns ab, den er umlauft, sowie von der Entfernung zwischen ihnen. Sie wird ebenfalls vom Reflexionsvermogen der Planetenoberflache und von der „Treibhauswirkung“ seiner Atmosphare beeinfluβt. Erde und Venus sind Beispiele fur die Bedeutung dieser Treibhauswirkung. Obwohl sie in Groβe und chemischer Zusammensetzung fast ubereinstimmen, liegt die Bodentemperatur der Venus um 400 K hoher als die der Erde. Die Ursache besteht darin, daβ auf der Venus der meiste Kohlenstoff als CO2 in der Atmosphare vorliegt. Dadurch entstand eine Warmedecke, die die Oberflachentemperatur der Venus um etwa 400 K erhoht hat. Auf der Erde ist der meiste Kohlenstoff dagegen in Form von Karbonatgestein und organischen Ruckstanden in Sedimenten gespeichert. Der CO2-Gehalt der Erdatmosphare ist 350 000mal geringer als der der Venus.
Coping with Rejection: Derogating Those Who Choose Us Last

Interpersonal rejection poses a threat to people's identities as competent, desirable individuals. This study examined the possibility that people buffer themselves against the implications of rejection by derogating those who reject them and by concluding that the rejector did not know them well. Participants were led to believe that a team captain had selected them either first or last for a laboratory team, then rated the captain and indicated how well he or she knew them. Results showed that, compared to those who were selected first for the team, participants who were selected last rated the team captains less positively, were less interested in having them as friends, and indicated that the captains knew them less well. Mediational analyses suggested that ratings of the captains were mediated by perceived rejection and that derogation helped to maintain participants' positive affect following rejection.
The Software Side of Computer Science – Computer Programming

Still following Turing’s fundamental conception of Computation as having two indissoluble complementary sides, namely, hardware and what we now call software, as implied by the ideas in his groundbreaking 1936 paper and other papers, in this Chap. 4 we give a description of the Software side of Computer Science. We present the hardware side in the next chapter. We choose this ordering of presenting the two sides because, as we shall explain in the next chapter, the conception and design of a new computer begins mainly with considerations of its software as defining its major functions and then continues with the hardware elements providing the physical devices to implement these functions.
See No Evil, Hear No Evil: Audio-Visual-Textual Cyberbullying Detection

Emerging multimedia communication apps are allowing for more natural communication and richer user engagement. At the same time, they can be abused to engage in cyberbullying, which can cause significant psychological harm to those affected. Thus, with the growth in multimodal communication platforms, there is an urgent need to devise multimodal methods for cyberbullying detection and prevention. However, there are no existing approaches that use automated audio and video analysis to complement textual analysis. Based on the analysis of a human-labeled cyberbullying data-set of Vine "media sessions' (six-second videos, with audio, and corresponding text comments), we report that: 1) multiple audio and visual features are significantly associated with the occurrence of cyberbullying, and 2) audio and video features complement textual features for more accurate and earlier cyberbullying detection. These results pave the way for more effective cyberbullying detection in emerging multimodal (audio, visual, virtual reality) social interaction spaces.
Defining the ‘Environment’ and the Principle of Environmental Integrity

As a conflict draws to a close, a whole suite of institutions and processes engage with environmental remediation, reconstruction, and reparations, when they are authorized and compelled to do so by law. Defining what we mean by ‘the environment’ as an object of protection in the postconflict period (e.g. in reparations proceedings) is a starting point for a discussion of what this law is and how it should develop. There is no commonly agreed definition of ‘environment’ in international law, or in the sub-field of the LOAC. If, on investigation, a precise definition of ‘environment’ is difficult, dangerous, and ultimately unhelpful, a guiding principle would be useful. The current treaty regime does not adequately address the scope or magnitude of the environment which concerns the international community. A new approach can evaluate damage to the environment in terms of ‘environmental integrity’ rather than in the narrow terms considered sufficient in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The principle of ‘environmental integrity’ expresses a complex set of concepts that describe a healthy natural system that can support essential processes.
The blood proteomic signature of early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis shows systemic inflammation and is distinct from adult long-standing disease

Background Despite increasing evidence that adults with long-standing atopic dermatitis (AD) have systemic inflammation, little is known about systemic inflammation in recent-onset early pediatric AD. Objective To analyze blood inflammatory proteins of early pediatric AD. Methods Using high-throughput proteomics (proximity extension assay), we assessed 257 inflammatory and cardiovascular risk proteins in the blood of 30 children with moderate to severe AD younger than 5 years of age (within 6 months of onset) compared with age-matched pediatric control individuals and adult patients with AD. Results In pediatric AD blood, T helper (Th) type 2 (CCL13, CCL22) and Th17 (peptidase inhibitor-3/elafin) markers were increased, together with markers of tissue remodeling (matrix metalloproteinases 3/9/10, urokinase receptor), endothelial activation (E-selectin), T-cell activation (IL2RA), neutrophil activation (myeloperoxidase), lipid metabolism (FABP4), and growth factors (FGF21, transforming growth factor-α). Total numbers of dysregulated proteins were smaller in pediatric AD (n = 22) than in adult AD (n = 61). Clinical severity scores were positively correlated with receptors for interleukins 33 and 36 and inversely correlated with some Th1 markers (interferon gamma, CXCL11). Limitations Different baseline expression levels in healthy pediatric vs adult samples. Conclusions Within months of pediatric AD onset, systemic immune activation is present, with Th2/Th17 skewing but otherwise different proteomic patterns from adult AD. Future correlation of proteomic patterns with disease course, comorbidity development, and drug response may yield predictive biomarkers.
Quality of Life in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Qualitative Insights From Patients and Caregivers

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and presently incurable disease resulting in distressing and debilitating symptoms for patients, including exertional dyspnea, fatigue, chest ...
VPAC1 biomarker for imaging triple negative breast cancer

1282 Objectives: Our previous studies in which we used Copper-64 labeled VPAC1 receptor specific PACAP analogue (TP-3805) to image breast cancer (BC) in humans, showed that BC can be imaged at 15 minute post injection with 100% sensitivity and specificity. No triple negative BC (TNBC) were included. The objective here was to determine if 64Cu-TP3805 could be used to image TNBC in nude female mice bearing MDA-MB-231xenografts. Methods: 30 µL of 64CuCl2 in 0.1M HCl, was added to peptide-conjugate (20 µg) in 200 µL of 0.2M glycine buffer (pH=9.27), and incubated at 70°C for 90 min. The radiochemical purity was determined by radio-HPLC. Expression of VPAC1 receptors on MDA-MB-231, along with three other human BC cells lines namely MD-MBA-231, MD-MBA-157, MD-MBA-436 and MD-MBA-468, was determined by western blots. Cell binding assay was performed by incubating 64Cu-TP3805 with 1.5 x 106 MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells. 107 MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the tissue culture were administered subsequently in the right thigh of the mice (N=5) and tumors were allowed to grow to no more than 6mm in diameter. PET/CT imaging, receptor blocking, and tissue distribution were performed. Results: radio-HPLC showed retention time for 64Cu-peptide at 5.3 min as compared to free 64CuCl2 at 3.4. The radiochemical purity of 64Cu-TP3805 was 96.3 ± 0.5 %. We found strong signal for VPAC1 receptor on western blot (Fig-1). The cell binding for 64Cu-peptide was 83.96 ± 3.5 %. Micro-PET/CT images were analyzed and tissue distribution showed tumor to muscle (T/M) ratio of 5 ± 0.5 post 2h injection. Receptor blocked imaging studies with 64Cu-TP3805 showed ~60% decrease in T/M (1.9 ± 0.2). The tissue distribution showed a similar pattern as observed in PET imaging. Conclusions: Western blot studies confirmed high VPAC1 expression on the TNBC cells lines examined. TP3805 showed excellent labeling efficiency, and high uptake in TNBC cells. Receptor blocking confirmed the specificity of the 64Cu-TP3805 for the VPAC1 receptors in TNBC cells, which makes it a highly suitable biomarker to image TNBC. Acknowledgments: The research, in part, was supported by NIH/NCI RO1CA157372 (MLT), NIH/NCI 1S10OD012406 (MLT) and NIH/NCI S10RR23709 (MLT). References 1- VPAC1 Receptors for Imaging Breast Cancer: A Feasibility Study. J Nucl Med. 2013 Jul;54(7):1019-25, Mathew L. Thakur, Kaijun Zhang, Adam Berger, Barbara Cavanaugh, Sung Kim, Chaitra Channappa, Andrea J. Frangos, Eric Wickstrom and Charles M. Intenzo.
Sustained Improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality Measures Using an Electronic Health Record Intervention

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with wide variation in treatment and resource utilization because of many different disease presentations and treatment options. In an effort to standardize care and improve health outcomes, several organizations have created performance measures to monitor various aspects of IBD care. Objectives We aimed to assess longitudinal documentation adherence with physician quality reporting system's (PQRS) IBD performance measures before, immediately after, and 1 year following the implementation of a comprehensive electronic health record (EHR) IBD clinical documentation support tool intervention. Methods We reviewed 50 patient charts that were randomly selected from consecutive outpatient IBD visits at our tertiary care center from September 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, prior to implementation of an IBD-specific note template, order set, and patient education handout on September 1, 2016. Two additional cohorts of 50 patient charts were randomly selected from September 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 and September 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. These charts were reviewed to assess adherence of pertinent PQRS performance measures for outpatient IBD care. The project was deemed not human subjects research and received exempt approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB#: IRB00040399). Results The cohort immediately after the intervention showed significant increases in documentation rates of influenza immunization (19–59%, p Conclusion A multifaceted, EHR focused approach can significantly and sustainably improve documentation of outpatient IBD quality measures.
The Value of Social Control: Racial Resentment, Punitiveness, and White Support for Spending on Law Enforcement:

A well-established body of research finds that racial resentment predicts support for punitive criminal justice policy. This article links racial resentment with punitiveness, expanding the existin...
Mid-infrared electroluminescence from type-II In(Ga)Sb quantum dots

There exists significant interest in the demonstration and development of alternative mid-infrared emitters, with future applications for thermal scene projection, low-cost infrared sensing, and possible long-wavelength quantum communication applications. Type-II In(Ga)Sb quantum dots grown in InAs matrices have the potential to serve as a viable material system for wavelength-flexible, mid-infrared sources. Here, we dramatically expand the range of potential applications of these mid-infrared quantum emitters through the demonstration of surface-emitting electrically pumped mid-infrared light-emitting diodes with active regions utilizing type-II In(Ga)Sb quantum dots. Two device structures were studied, the first iteration being a single In(Ga)Sb insertion layer within a simple PIN structure and the second being a design engineered for improved room temperature emission with the addition of lattice matched AlAsSb cladding at the anode to block electrons and five layers of In(Ga)Sb dots to increase the effective volume of active material. Samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and the electrical and optical properties for each design were characterized as a function of temperature.
HEREDITARY TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH LEFT MAIN CORONARY ANEURYSM

Amyloidosis is a rare condition in which protein deposits throughout the body. A complete diagnosis often requires a multi-modality approach. A 69 year old actress presented for evaluation of new left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. 7 years earlier, workup for syncope revealed a large left main
Cadaveric Simulation of Otologic Procedures: An Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectiveThe otolaryngology community has significant concerns regarding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through droplet contamination and viral aerosolization during head and neck examinations and proced...
Characterization and analysis of exhaust pipe (muffler) contact burns: An unsuspecting culprit:

IntroductionThermal injury due to contact with engine exhaust systems represents a distinct subgroup of acute contact burns. Temperatures generated by motor vehicle, radiator, and lawn mower engine...
Helically Wrapped Supercoiled Polymer (HW-SCP) Artificial Muscles: Design, Characterization, and Modeling

Supercoiled polymer (SCP) artificial muscles exhibit many desirable properties such as large contractions and high power density. However, their full potential as robotic muscles is challenged by insufficient strain or force generation – non-mandrel-coiled SCP actuators produce up to 10-20% strain; mandrel-coiled SCP actuators often lift up to 10-30g of weight. It is strongly desired but difficult to obtain SCP actuators that produce large strain and large force. In this paper, the design, characterization, and modeling of helically wrapped SCP (HW-SCP) actuators are presented, which can produce up to 40-60% strain and lift more than 90g of weight. By adjusting their configuration parameters, their strain and force performance can be changed. Experiments are conducted to characterize the force production, strain, and speed of HW-SCP actuators. A Preisach hysteresis model and a polynomial model are adopted to accurately capture the actuator behaviors. This work contributes to high-performance artificial muscles.
Mímesis onettiana. A propósito de las fotografías de "El infierno tan temido"

Leida en el contexto de un retorno a ciertas formas de realismo, la obra de Juan C. Onetti (1909-1994) suscita nuevos intereses. En ella, suelen presentarse ficciones de tema fotografico que corresponden a una mimesis velada, de caracter no ostensivo, indicativa de una postulacion critica de la realidad. El analisis del cuento “El infierno tan temido” (1957) ilustrara como la escritura de la imagen da lugar a una experiencia ontologica que, si bien declara su interes por la inmanencia y no por la semejanza referencial, pone de relieve la logica de los comportamientos humanos en toda su crudeza. El proceso narrativo concluye asi en una comprension de orden estetico que, situandose mas alla de las palabras, se proyecta sobre la realidad rehuyendo cualquier forma de explicacion.
A Nonlinear Wealth Transfer from Shareholders to Creditors Around Chapter 11 Filing

Past literature has assumed that negative stock returns around Chapter 11 filing are solely due to new adverse information about firm value. This paper argues that there is also a nonlinear wealth transfer from shareholders to creditors causing shareholder loss. The magnitude of the wealth transfer can be quantified in a setting where equity is a call option on firm assets as in the Merton(1974) model. The wealth transfer originates from maturity shortening of the call option as a result of Chapter 11 filing. We present a parsimonious model to explain why Chapter 11 can be voluntarily filed by managers acting in the interest of shareholders with the existence of the wealth transfer. The model predicted stock return has comparable magnitude as observed stock returns around filing, and explains the cross-sectional variation of the latter.
Predictive and explanatory models might miss informative features in educational data

We encounter variables with little variation often in educational data mining (EDM) and discipline-based education research (DBER) due to the demographics of higher education and the questions we ask. Yet, little work has examined how to analyze such data. Therefore, we conducted a simulation study using logistic regression, penalized regression, and random forest. We systematically varied the fraction of positive outcomes, feature imbalances, and odds ratios. We find the algorithms treat features with the same odds ratios differently based on the features' imbalance and the outcome imbalance. While none of the algorithms fully solved the problem, penalized approaches such as Firth and Log-F reduced the scale of the problem. Our results suggest that EDM and DBER studies might contain false negatives when determining which variables are related to an outcome. We then apply our findings to a graduate admissions data set and we propose recommendations for researchers working with the kind of imbalanced data common to EDM and DBER studies.
The Influences of Non-Volatile Surface Compound Layer on the Plasma Etching of Borosilicate Glass

In dry etching of borosilicate glass (BSG), the process gas reacts with the impurities of borosilicate glass and makes nonvolatile compound layer on the surface. This surface compound layer (SCL) significantly influences the etch rate. We examined the influences of SCL on the etch rate of Quartz and BSG, and discuss the mechanisms depending on the plasma parameters. In CF 4 /Ar gas plasma etching, the high efficient etching could be achieved by the regulation of etching conditions. We analysis the etching mechanism depending on the plasma parameters and proposes the etching conditions for the improvement of etch rate.
Water Quality and Quantity Benefits of Agroforestry and Processes: Long-Term Case Studies from Missouri, USA

Two long-term case studies established in 1991 and 2000 use row crop watersheds in northeast Missouri and grazing watersheds in central Missouri to evaluate water benefits of agroforestry (AF). Results showed that integration of AF into a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation and a grazing system has improved the quality of surface, subsurface, and ground water by reducing sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses. Model simulations have further proven AF’s water quality benefits on these watersheds. Water quality improvements of AF are attributed to changes in soil properties, nutrient cycling, water use by the perennial vegetation, soil biodiversity, chemical-biological reactions, and microclimate. These findings suggest that strategic placement of AF can help improve water quality while contributing to enhanced ecosystem services like pollination, aesthetic value, biodiversity, and diversified products.
Sources of Cellular Oxidative Potential of Water-soluble Fine Ambient Particulate Matter in the Midwestern United States

We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of cellular oxidative potential (OP) in the Midwest US. Weekly samples were collected from three urban [Chicago (IL), Indianapolis (IN), and St. Louis (MO)], one rural [Bondville (IL], and one roadside site [Champaign (IL)] for a year (May 2018 to May 2019), and analyzed for water-soluble cellular OP using a macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Chemical composition of the samples including several carbonaceous components, inorganic ions, and water-soluble elementals, were also analyzed. The emission sources contributing to water-soluble cellular OP and PM2.5 mass were analyzed using positive matrix factorization. The secondary organic aerosols contributed substantially (≥54%) to PM2.5 cellular OP at urban sites, while the roadside and rural OP were dominated by road dust (54%) and agricultural activities (62%), respectively. However, none of these sources contributed substantially to the PM2.5 mass (≤21%). Other sources contributing significantly to the PM2.5 mass, i.e., secondary sulfate and nitrate, biomass burning and coal combustion (14-26%) contributed minimally to the cellular OP (≤13%). Such divergent profiles of the emission sources contributing to cellular OP vs. PM2.5 mass demonstrate the need of considering more health-relevant metrics such as OP in the design of air pollution control strategies.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA: EXPERIENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL CENTER

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), a group of the more virulent malignant tumors in humans, is derived from the trophoblast of human pregnancy. Prior to 1956, the prognosis for these patients was exceedingly poor, regardless of the surgical or irradiation therapies utilized (1). Since that time and the advent of systemic chemotherapy as the primary therapeutic modality for these patients, results have become exceedingly good (2). Sequential reports have been published documenting increasingly good remission rates (3–6). Cure rates now approach 100% for patients without metastases and those with “good” prognosis metastatic disease. Even in patients with “poor” prognosis GTN, high rates of remission have been achieved with vigorous multi-modality therapy.
A Better Way to Encourage Gifts of Conservation Easements

The author’s proposal would repeal the deduction for the appraised value of a conservation easement that is allowed by current law. Congress should consider replacing the subsidy with a program of direct grants or limited-budget tax credits administered by an expert agency. If the deduction is continued, eligible donees should be only large institutions with a large portfolio of easements and resources and motives to enforce the easement, there should be an excise tax on nonenforcement of the easement, and there should be another government agency other than the IRS involved in enforcement. The special higher allowances for the deduction of appreciated property allowed by current law should be repealed.The proposal is offered as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration of tax professionals to develop proposals to raise revenue without a VAT or a rate increase. Shelf Project proposals raise revenue while making the tax system more efficient and reducing deadweight loss. Shelf projects follow the format of a congressional tax writing committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.
Ranking with a p-norm push

We are interested in supervised ranking with the following twist: our goal is to design algorithms that perform especially well near the top of the ranked list, and are only required to perform sufficiently well on the rest of the list. Towards this goal, we provide a general form of convex objective that gives high-scoring examples more importance. This “push” near the top of the list can be chosen to be arbitrarily large or small. We choose lp-norms to provide a specific type of push; as p becomes large, the algorithm concentrates harder near the top of the list. We derive a generalization bound based on the p-norm objective. We then derive a corresponding boosting-style algorithm, and illustrate the usefulness of the algorithm through experiments on UCI data. We prove that the minimizer of the objective is unique in a specific sense.
Cylindric Algebra Equation Solver

The Cylindric Algebra Equation Solver (CAES) is a set of about 200 Schemata definitions specifying the properties of the symbols, for solving equations in the cylindric algebra [Henkin et al.] of 25(2~N) elements with a function which maps 1 to 1 and everything else to 0. The following are some representative definitions expressed in the symbology of modal quantificational logic [Carnap, Bressan, Brown87]: (falsity: F, truth: T, and: ^, or: v, for all: V, for some: 3, not: -~, necessary: [], and synonymous: =-), ra ther than with algebraic symbols: (zero: 0, one: 1, multiplication: *, inclusive addition: +, products: ~, summation: sigma, minus: -, the function which maps 1 to 1 and all other elements to 0, and equality of elements of the cylindric algebra: =):
The Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Understanding, Identification, and Modification

Historical Perspective: The Vascular Lesions Committee of The American Heart Association. 1. Coronary Artery Disease: Plaque Vulnerability, Disruption, and Thrombosis. S. Dalager--Pederson, E. Morre Pederson, S. Ringgard, E. Falk. 2. Pathobiology of Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis. H.S. Bassiouny, Y. Sakaguchi, C.A. Goudet, R. Vito, S. Glagov. 3. The Vulnerable Plaque: Aortic Disease. I.N. Hamilton, L.H. Hollier. Panel Discussion I. Overview of Pathology: The Vulnerable Plaque and Complications of Atherosclerosis. 4. Coronary Angiography and the Vulnerable Plaque. D. Waters. 5. Detection of Atherosclerosis and Identification of Vulnerable Plaque: Potential Role of Intravascular Ultrasound. S.E. Nissen, K. Ziada, E.M. Tuzcu. 6. Angioscopic Detection of Vulnerable Plaques and Predication of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Y. Uchida. 7. Ultrafast Computed Tomography in Coronary Heart Disease. A.D. Guerci. Panel Discussion II. Overview of Imaging: Characterisation of the Vulnerable Plaque with Emphasis on Coronary Atherosclerosis. 8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Vessel Wall in Carotids and Coronaries. M. Shannar, Z.A. Fayad, J.T. Fallon, V. Fuster. 9. Tissue Characterisation of Human Atherosclerosis and Plaque Vulnerability by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J--F. Toussaint, V. Fuster. 10. Coronary and Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging. R.R. Edelman. 11. Aortic Arch Vulnerable Plaques. P. Amarenco, A. Cohen. 12. Radioisotopic Imaging of Atheroma. S. Vallabhajosula. 13. Thermography. W. Casscells, M. David, G. Bearman, F. Clubb, J.G. Fujimoto. 14. Cardiovascular Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography. M.E. Brezinski, G.J. Tearney, J.F. Southern, J.G. Fujimoto. Panel Discussion III. Overview of Imaging: Characterisation of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque with Emphasis on Other Atherosclerotic Regions and Imaging Modalities. 15. De Novo Atherosclerotic Geometric Remodelling and Plaque Vulnerability. G. Pasterkamp. 16. Lipids in Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression. J.R. Guyton. 17. Extracellular Matrix of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque. W.D. Wagner. Panel Discussion IV. Structural and Cellular Components of the Vulnerable Plaque. 18. Mechanical Stress and Strain and the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesion. L. Rohde, R.T. Lee. 19. Hemodynamic Aspects of Plaque Disruption. D.N. Ku, S. Biz, J.M. Downing, S. Glagov. 20. Effect of Rheology on Thrombosis. J.J. Badimon, L. Badimon, V. Fuster. 21. The Potential Role of Endothelium in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Vasomotion, Inflammation, Thrombosis. S. Kinlay, A.P. Selwyn, P. Ganz. Panel Discussion V. Mechanical Forces in Plaque Disruption. 22. Regulation of Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors in Atheroma. R.P. Fabunmi, P. Libby. 23. New Concepts in Regulation of Vascular Calcification. F. Parhami, L.L. Demer. 24. Plaque Stabilisation: Present and Future Trends. V. Fuster. Panel Discussion VI. Functional Components of the Vulnerable Plaque
RECONSTRUCTION OF MULTIPLE CRACKS FROM EXPERIMENTAL ELECTROSTATIC BOUNDARY MEASUREMENTS

This paper describes an algorithm for recovering a collection of linear cracks in a homogeneous electrical conductor from boundary measurements of voltages induced by specified current fluxes. The technique is a variation of Newton''s method and is based on taking weighted averages of the boundary data. We also describe an apparatus that was constructed specifically for generating laboratory data on which to test the algorithm. We apply the algorithm to a number of different test cases and discuss the results.
Narrowband interference suppression in multipath CDMA system

As a means of suppressing interference, this paper analyzes the effect of filtering and diversity on the bit error rate performance of a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) overlay system. The system is analyzed in terms of the interference-to-signal power, ratio of interference bandwidth to spread spectrum bandwidth, order of diversity, multipath intensity profile and number of users. The performance of the system with and without filters is compared. It is shown that the use of filtering and diversity results in performance improvement compared to a system without filtering or system without diversity or both.
The chromosomal locations of enzyme-coding genes Adh-1 and Pgm-1 in Allium fistulosum L.

The chromosomal locations of two enzymecoding genes were investigated using allele dosage effects in two Allium cepa alien addition lines possessing different A. fistulosum chromosomes as the trisomes. Adh-1 has been assigned to the A. fistulosum sub-telocentric chromosome 5, while Pgm-1 is on the A. fistulosum submetacentric chromosome 4. Karyotype data of a shortday cultivar of A. cepa, ‘Temprana’, A. fistulosum ‘Ishikura Long White’, and the relevant chromosomes of the two trisomies are presented.
PHYSICIANS' SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF CARE FOR EMERGING ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

ABSTRACT Objective: Establishing care with adult providers is essential for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) transitioning from pediatric care. Although research evaluating the transition from pediatric to adult care has been focused primarily on patients' perceptions, little is known about the adult providers' perspectives. We sought to ascertain adult providers' perspectives of caring for the medical and psychosocial needs of this patient population. Methods: We developed and mailed a survey to 79 regional adult endocrinologists and 186 primary care physicians (PCPs) identified through 2 regional insurance plans. Questions addressed perceived aptitude in clinical aspects of diabetes management, importance and availability of diabetes team members, and opinions regarding recommended transition methods. Results: The response rate was 43% for endocrinologists and 13% for PCPs. Endocrinologists reported higher aptitude in insulin management (P<.01). PCPs reported greater aptitude in screening and ...
High-power K-band submicron insulating gate heterostructure field-effect transistors

In this paper, we report the high performance quarter micron gate Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (MISHFET) with a 5 W/mm CW power at 26 GHz at drain bias of 35 V. The MISHFETs to have the same power gain and power added efficiency as the HFETs, in spite of lower transconductance. An improved RF linearity of MISHFETs is attributed to more linear transconductance-gate bias dependence.
S-methylmethionine conversion to dimethylsulfoniopropionate : Evidence for an unusual transamination reaction

Leaves of Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC. synthesize the osmoprotectant 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) from methionine via S-methylmethionine (SMM) and 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde (DMSP-ald); no other intermediates have been detected. To test whether the amino group of SMM is lost by transamination or deamination, [methyl-2H3,15N]SMM was supplied to leaf discs, and 15N-labeling of amino acids was monitored, along with synthesis of [2H3]DMSP. After short incubations more 15N was incorporated into glutamate than into other amino acids, and the 15N abundance in glutamate exceeded that in the amide group of glutamine (Gln). This is more consistent with transamination than deamination, because deamination would be predicted to give greater labeling of Gln amide N due to reassimilation, via Gln synthetase, of the 15NH4+ released. This prediction was borne out by control experiments with 15NH4Cl. The transamination product of SMM, 4-dimethylsulfonio-2-oxobutyrate (DMSOB), is expected to be extremely unstable. This was confirmed by attempting to synthesize it enzymatically from SMM using L-amino acid oxidase or Gln transaminase K and from 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate using methionine S-methyltransferase. In each case, the reaction product decomposed rapidly, releasing dimethylsulfide. The conversion of SMM to DMSP-ald is therefore unlikely to involve a simple transamination that generates free DMSOB. Plausible alternatives are that DMSOB is channeled within a specialized transaminase-decarboxylase complex or that it exists only as the bound intermediate of a single enzyme catalyzing an unusual transamination-decarboxylation reaction.
Effect of Injection of Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Acid and L-Tryptophan Upon Deiodination of Diiodotyrosine by Thyroid and Liver Homogenates of Normal and Hypophysectomized Rats

Nicotinamide injected into the animal greatly enhanced the enzymatic deiodination of 131I-labeled L-diiodotyrosine in thyroid and liver homogenates of normal and hypophysectomized rats. Twenty-four hr after injection the deiodination activity was back to control values, with the exception of the liver homogenates of normal rats. In NADPH-fortified homogenates of thyroid and liver, the deiodinating activity was greatly enhanced, but the values of the nicotinamide-treated normal and hypophysectomized rats were not appreciably different from that of the controls. Administration of nicotinic acid and Ltryptophan left unaffected the deiodinating activity of thyroid and liver homogenates of normal rats. (Endocrinology 77: 32, 1965)
Occult intraocular perforations from brow and lid lacerations.

Minor brow and lid lacerations may be associated with scleral and retinal perforations, even when the lacerations are apparently remote from the globe. Reports of three cases in children have been used to illustrate that the classical signs of scleral perforation need not always be present. This appears especially true of injuries caused by narrow, sharp objects such as darts, scissors, and knives. The necessity of suspecting perforating injuries to the globe cannot be over emphasized. A method for diagnosing and treating such injuries has been presented.
Lipodystrophy and quality of life in HIV: symptom management issues

The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and prevalence of lipodystrophy-related symptoms in persons with HIV ( n = 165) and to determine the impact of these symptoms on health-related quality of life. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV, the quality of life of persons is affected across the spectrum of the disease. The sample was composed of 165 persons from three national outpatient HIV settings (clinics and community-based organizations) in Boston, MA, Fresno, CA, and Victoria, TX. The descriptive, cross-sectional study included self-report instruments measuring lipodystrophy-associated symptom presence, intensity, and quality of life. The sample was primarily male (75.8%), with ethnicity represented across several groups including African American (30.9%), Hispanic/Latino (26.7%), White/Anglo (38.8%), Native American/Indian (1.8%), and other (1.8%). On quality-of-life measures, only 7.9% of the sample indicated excellent health, 28.5% indicated very good health, 22.4% indicated good health, and more than 40% indicated fair or poor health. Most of the participants indicated that aspects of their quality of life have equally good and bad parts (37.6%). Quality of life was significantly correlated with adequacy of income ( r = .241, p = .002), most recent CD4 count ( r = -.276, p = .012), and most recent viral load value ( r = .379, p = .019). In addition, bodily pain was significantly correlated with most recent CD4 count ( r = -.312, p = .004) and with lowest CD4 count ( r = -.191, p = .050). The results of the study indicate that quality of life is affected by HIV symptoms and that lipodystrophy-related symptoms may negatively affect quality of life.
Computation of the Two-Sample Smirnov Statistics

Abstract A simple method is given for evaluating the one- or two-sided Smirnov statistic for comparing two independent samples from continuous populations.
The Moderating Role of Gender and Gender Role Attitudes on the Link Between Spousal Support and Marital Quality

Researchers who examine the relation of gender role attitudes to division of household labor and marital quality often overlook its relation to emotional spousal support. Moreover, research on gender and marriage often ignores how gender role attitudes may explain the link between spousal support and marital quality. Secondary data analyses on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults examined the interaction of gender and gender role attitudes on spousal support and marital quality. Emotional spousal support predicted better marital satisfaction and less conflict for traditional women and egalitarian men, whereas both instrumental and emotional spousal support predicted better marital satisfaction for egalitarian women and traditional men. These results suggest that within, as well as between, gender differences are important for understanding the contribution of spousal support to perceived marital quality.
On P-Adic Differential Equations. III. On P-Adically Bounded Solutions of Ordinary Linear Differential Equations with Rational Function Coefficients.

For clarity of exposition, the underlying motivation is indicated at the end of this article under concluding Remarks 3, rather than at the beginning.