cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient mining of discriminative co-clusters from gene expression data

Discriminative models are used to analyze the differences between two classes and to identify class-specific patterns. Most of the existing discriminative models depend on using the entire feature space to compute the discriminative patterns for each class. Co-clustering has been proposed to capture the patterns that are correlated in a subset of features, but it cannot handle discriminative patterns in labeled datasets. In certain biological applications such as gene expression analysis, it is critical to consider the discriminative patterns that are correlated only in a subset of the feature space. The objective of this paper is twofold: first, it presents an algorithm to efficiently find arbitrarily positioned co-clusters from complex data. Second, it extends this co-clustering algorithm to discover discriminative co-clusters by incorporating the class information into the co-cluster search process. In addition, we also characterize the discriminative co-clusters and propose three novel measures that can be used to evaluate the performance of any discriminative subspace pattern-mining algorithm. We evaluated the proposed algorithms on several synthetic and real gene expression datasets, and our experimental results showed that the proposed algorithms outperformed several existing algorithms available in the literature.
Graft-versus-host disease and graft- versus-leukemia after donor leukocyte infusion

Although dramatically effective for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), successful donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) remains limited primarily by inadequate responses for patients with diseases other than CML and by toxicity related to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Acute GVHD grades 2 to 4 follows 34% to 47% of infusions and chronic GVHD occurs in 33% to 61% of cases. Strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of GVHD while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, such as low-dose DLI, depletion of GVHD effector cells, and tumor-specific DLI, are reviewed.
Tax-benefit incidence of value added tax on food and medicine to fund progressive social expenditure

In 2009, the Mexican Congress received a proposal of a generalized 2% increase in the statutory VAT rate, including currently untaxed food and medicine. Whereas opponents emphasized the regressive effect, supporters argued that progressivity of the compensatory expenditures included in the bill more than compensated the bottom income quintiles. In this paper I present a tax-benefit incidence of this proposal using national survey data on household’s income and consumption. Despite the regressive effect of the tax increase, the data shows that the progressive expenditure offsets this effect. Overall the proposal was progressive. This finding undermines the arguments in favor of keeping food and medicines exempt of VAT to prevent a regressive effects. This result also contributes to the debate about the regressive effects of a single VAT to all consumption and no exemptions. To illustrate that, I analyze the redistributive effect of this policy. The result is that the increase in public expenditure can offset the regressive effect of this policy.
The Impact of War on the Economy of Canterbury Cathedral Priory, 1294-1340

How much did people suffer as a result of the wars between France and England in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries?' As in any war, a few fortunate individuals were able to turn the situation to their advantage and make a profit, usually by supplying the government with needed arms, foodstuffs, or other raw materials. Moreover, soldiers had the opportunity to acquire ransoms, booty, or at the very least pardons for past misdeeds.2 But those who stayed at home were forced to pay additional taxes, feed the armies, and cope with the disruption of trade. If they lived near the coast, their homes might be destroyed by enemy raiders. J. R. Maddicott has recently shown that peasants, with few resources behind them, suffered severely from the repeated royal demands for money and goods. He suggested that between 1335 and 1341 the weight of taxation may have been greater than at any other time in the Middle Ages.3 To make matters worse, at the same time extensive prises were levied for the army in Scotland, for the garrisons of castles there, and for the provisioning of the south-coast fleet, and they were collected in new and harsher ways. When the tax collector or purveyor deprived peasants of their seed corn or their oxen, many had no alternative but to let their land go out of cultivation. Yet did the great landlords suffer as much, or were they able to escape the worst burdens of these wars? A close look at how one wealthy ecclesiastical house, the cathedral priory of Christ Church, Canterbury, fared during this time can help to answer this question. When in the 1290s Edward I was faced with war on three fronts, in France, Wales, and Scotland, he taxed both the clergy and the laity harder
Wrong side of the tracks: the neglected human costs of transporting oil and gas.

The connection between human rights and climate change is most evident when examining carbon dioxide emissions that result from burning fossil fuels (e.g., sea level rise and displaced coastal cultures). However, the transport of fossil fuels also has human rights implications for human rights and climate change. This research focuses on the health and safety risks in inflicted on those residents who are adjacent to the railways that ship fossil fuels along the US-Canada transportation corridors. Applying sociological and jurisprudential perspectives, we review the environmental/climate justice literature as it pertains to industrial transport corridors, documenting the forms of heightened risk imposed on those living along these transportation paths. Next, we develop an illustrative case study of Canada’s worst rail catastrophe. In so doing, we provide evidence of a decades-long failure of US and Canadian regulators to prevent such disasters. We interpret that disaster through a human rights case law suggesting that States have an affirmative duty to protect their citizens from foreseeable disasters. Based on this analysis, we propose specific rail safety regulatory reforms. We argue that if the US and Canadian governments implement these regulations as required under human rights law, they can more e 5ectively honor their obligations to their citizens who are paying a high human cost for the material benefits associated with increased energy production.
Self-deploying shape memory polymer scaffolds for grafting and stabilizing complex bone defects: A mouse femoral segmental defect study

Treatment of complex bone defects places a significant burden on the US health care system. Current strategies for treatment include grafting and stabilization using internal metal plates/screws, intramedullary rods, or external fixators. Here, we introduce the use of shape memory polymer (SMP) materials for grafting and adjunct stabilization of segmental defects. Self-deploying SMP grafts and SMP sleeves capable of expanding and contracting, respectively, under intraoperative conditions were developed and evaluated in a mouse segmental defect model in vivo. Integration between grafts/sleeves and native bone was assessed using x-ray radiography, microcomputed tomography, and torsional mechanical testing. We found that SMP grafts were able to integrate with the native bone after 12 weeks, maintain defect stability, and provide torsional mechanical properties comparable to an allograft alone treatment; however no gross de novo bone formation was observed. SMP sleeves did not inhibit bony bridging at the margins, and limbs treated with a sleeve/allograft combination had torsional mechanical properties comparable to limbs treated with an allograft alone. In vitro torsional and bending tests suggest sleeves may provide additional torsional stability to defects. Incorporation of shape memory into synthetic bone graft substitutes and adjunct stabilization devices is anticipated to enhance functionality of synthetic materials employed in both applications.
Impact of Copolymer Sequence on Solid-State Properties for Random, Gradient and Block Copolymers containing Thiophene and Selenophene

Nickel-catalyzed chain-growth copolymerizations of thiophene and selenophene derivatives afforded well-defined π-conjugated copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions, defined end-groups, and specific sequences. In particular, a π-conjugated copolymer with a novel linear gradient sequence was prepared. Compared to the analogous block and random copolymers, the gradient copolymer displayed unique optical and thermal properties as well as thin-film morphology. Moreover, the gradient copolymer exhibited an intermediate extent of phase separation into thiophene-rich and selenophene-rich domains compared to the block and random copolymers. Because this gradient sequence provides access to new solid-state properties, these materials should be further explored in applications where phase-separated morphology is important (e.g., solar cells, transistors, and light-emitting diodes).
Design of Welding Current Control System Based on Labview

In order to solve the problem of difficult to control the welding current, the welding current control system was designed based on virtual instrument Labview. The different current control signal with amplitude and frequency adjustable was produced based on virtual instrument LabView. The control current was sent to the welding circuit by the digital port of the data acquisition card, in order to control the welding current. The automatic control of welding current was realized.
Analysis of Polio Antibody Levels Surveillance In healthy Population in LingLing District of Yongzhou City

[Objective]To understand the poliovirus antibody levels among local residents and floating population after the routine and intensified immunization with oral polio vaccine(OPV) in LingLing District of Yongzhou City; to evaluate the immune effect, and provide evidence for developing immunization strategies.[Methods]Stratified random sampling method was adopted to conduct survey on 7 age groups (l years, 1 to 2 years. 3 to 4 years. 5 to 6 years, 7 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, and≥20 years) with 10 to 15 persons in each, totally 478 individuals, selected from local residents and floating population in 3 investigation points. Blood samples were collected and tested for the neutralizing antibodies by using the neutralization test.[Results]The neutralizing antibody-positive rates for poliovirus type I, II, III were 97. 55%, 98.78% and 93.87%, respectively in local residents; and the geometric mean titers(GMT) was l∶ 105. 11, 1∶131.89 and 1∶ 37. 12. The neutralizing antibody positive rates among floating population were 96.58%, 95.73%, 92.04 %, respectively; the GUT was l∶119. 85; 1∶ 110. 77 and l∶ 31. 24.[Conclusion]An effective immune barrier has been established after the implementation of routine and intensified OPV immunization in LingLing District of Yongzhou City. However, the immunity levels of floating population are lower than that of local residents. Therefore, the improvement of the immune planning and management for floating children will contribute to the prevention of poliomyelitis.
Investigating the Model of Training Students Inventive Ability of Biotechnology Major

According to the characteristic of biotechnology industries and the requirements of biotechnology education, the measures for training students inventive ability of biotechnology major were suggested. Furthermore, the model of training technicians invention ability was concluded. The result was rational and successful curriculum and systematic experiments and engineering practice and panicipating in scientific research activity in opening laboratories.
Study on the Evaluation of Regional Technology Innovation Ability System and Regional Differences based on Factor Analysis Model——The Promotion of Technical Innovation Ability in Midwest

This article exercises factor analysis model,selects 31 provinces and cities,16 primitive indexes,discusses the reason to the difference and its countermeasure in east,middle and west areas on the basis of the appraisal and analysis to various region technology innovation ability and difference synthetically,and provides the basis to formulate region economy and technological development policy in various areas especially Midwest.
Perinatal toxicology screening.

Accurate identification of substance abusing mothers and their infants is critical for appropriate medical management as well as the collection of accurate information on the effects of illicit drug use on perinatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term neurobehavioral outcome in the infants. This study examines the differences found using two methods for urine toxicology screening at the time of obstetrical admission to the hospital. The institution of universal screening identified significantly more women than were previously identified through the use of a risk-directed protocol (P less than .0001). Women identified using either protocol were significantly more likely than toxicology-negative women to have had poor prenatal care and to have smoked and used alcohol during pregnancy (P less than .001). In the population studied, the multiple criteria needed to accurately identify mothers with positive-toxicology screens would also include screening over one half of the toxicology-negative mothers.
Management of the malignant polyp.

SUMMARY Colonoscopy and endoscopic polypectomy are being utilized more frequently these days with the increased emphasis on the prevention, early detection, and treatment of colon cancer. Consequently, the problem of managing the malignant polyp is likely to be more frequently encountered. Many attempts have been made to clarify the management principles involved. Although the studies conducted have been imperfect in their design, the variety of information obtained from these studies is making the picture clearer. A more conservative approach is evolving. Many malignant polyps may be managed by endoscopic polypectomy alone. The criteria for which patients are to be managed in this fashion seem to be relatively simple ones, though technical problems with polypectomy performance and histologic evaluation are still frequently encountered. More carefully designed long-term studies are needed to create firm guidelines for the management of malignant polyps. Should screening and surveillance result in the discovery of earlier and more readily treatable forms of invasive colon cancer, endoscopic polypectomy will most certainly be a cornerstone of their treatment.
Public Goods Provision, Inequality of Opportunity, and Attitudes Toward Income Inequality

A substantial literature in comparative politics and political economy emphasizes the importance of income inequality in redistributive policies and regime transition. This paper argues that the importance of income inequality for political outcomes depends on the degree to which citizens are averse to inequality. Specifically, if citizens perceive equality of opportunity, income inequality is less likely to generate pressure for greater redistribution and/or regime changes. Moreover, I contend that governments can influence the perception of equality of opportunity through public goods and services provision, particularly education. This paper provides systematic empirical evidence showing that the perception of equality of opportunity is negatively associated with resentment toward income inequality. Further, I conducted a survey experiment in China in 2009 to provide supporting evidence that this relationship is causal. Finally, this paper assesses the effect of objective inequality of opportunity on attitudes toward inequality in China. These analyses provide consistent evidence that equality of opportunity, which is influenced by government policies, reduces resentment toward income inequality.
Educating Adolescents from a Piagetian Perspective

After briefly discussing key aspects of formal operational thinking and the three kinds of knowledge (social arbitrary, physical, logico-mathematical) that Piaget has identified, this paper offers eight principles for secondary educators. They suggest how teachers may select content, attend to students' social and emotional needs, stimulate thinking, coordinate instruction with development, and conduct evaluations of students' performances. This approach is contrasted with traditional approaches.
Design of intensity-limited dye laser amplifiers

Dye laser amplifiers have been analyzed and design criteria determined for operating these devices in conditions of limited output intensity. All practical laser systems are ultimately limited by damage considerations, specifically radiation-induced damage to the active laser media, containment windows, or output surfaces. In dye lasers this is of particular concern since the molecular saturation intensity is very high, of the order of a fraction to several megawatts per square centimeter. Hence efficient power extraction often requires operation very near the threshold of optical damage for the system optical components so it is necessary to develop designs that are compatible with these limitations.
King of Shadows: Early Modern Characters and Actors

Considering references to characters as shadows in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and its metatheatrical elements, Cook focuses on how Shakespeare’s plays make audiences aware of the construction of drama as an act that is aware of both the embodied condition of actors and the projected creation of characters. Character is an attribute that requires comprehension if drama is to be in any way coherent, but such understanding arises out of simulations which are dependent upon culturally specific categories. After discussing character scholarship in the context of cognitive linguistics and embodied and distributed cognition, Cook, observing the rude mechanicals’ performance and multiple overlapping identities, argues that such complex cognitive artifacts create narrative gaps that can be fruitfully analyzed in the context of consciousness and audience experience.
Rapid and facile synthesis of high-quality, oleate-capped PbS nanocrystals

A method for producing PbS nanocrystals using air stable precursors is examined and compared to existing methods. The method employs thermal decomposition of thiocarbonyls to produce the reactive sulfide needed to react with lead oleate. Thioacetamide is emphasized in this work, but similar results are obtained with other thioamides and with various thioureas. The use of these reagents in the synthesis of PbS NCs is not new; however, this is the first detailed examination of the potential to produce high quality PbS nanocrystals by these methods, and new insights on this approach are presented here. Using thioacetamide in combination with lead oleate and a mixture of solvents, we have obtained PbS nanocrystals with relatively narrow (≤60 meV) exciton absorption peaks, moderate photoluminescence quantum yield, and good stability against size change or degradation upon storage. Size tuning over a wide range—from 4 nm to 10 nm particle diameters—can be achieved by controlling precursor concentrations or by gradually injecting multiple precursor doses. This allows for tuning of the lowest exciton energy across the near infrared from less than 0.60 eV to 1.0 eV.
Establishing a Health Policy Strategy at the Association Level

There is no more important role of an association or membership organization than advocacy for the advancement of the profession, its members, and patients. Just like knowledge and practice are not static, so health policy is constantly evolving, and membership organizations hold great potential to advocate in a positive way for their members and the people they serve professionally.
The Largest Occupational Group of All the Disabled: Homemakers with Disabilities and Vocational Rehabilitation in Postwar America

This chapter takes as its focus the vocational rehabilitation of homemakers with disabilities in the post-World War II United States. The postwar period witnessed a surge of interest in assisting disabled people to obtain gainful employment as well as a heightened emphasis on domesticity that stemmed largely from the postwar marriage and baby booms. At the nexus of these developments there emerged a network of policymakers, medical experts, home economists, inventors, and disabled women who sought to assist homemakers with disabilities to fulfill their domestic responsibilities and to carry out “normal” lives. While many of these efforts to rehabilitate disabled homemakers bolstered postwar domesticity, middle-class gender roles, and able-bodied normality, they also posed new challenges to them. Efforts to expand vocational rehabilitation for disabled homemakers not only hinged on a redefinition of homemakers as workers that presaged later feminist efforts to monetize housework, but they also drew on homemaking strategies already developed by people with disabilities, thereby forging connections to the independent living movement. Although homemaker rehabilitationists rarely used the term “rights,” their efforts intersected with and lent support to later movements aimed at improving the lives of both women and disabled people.
For an “Ambitious History”: A Reply to Our Critics

This article responds to a variety of criticisms of our thesis that the longue duree is returning after a period of retreat, and that this return provides a necessary means to revive the discipline of history as a critical human science. We argue that the longue duree has different meanings in distinct historical traditions and that its importance for non-academic audiences will not be the same as for an academic readership. We also suggest that the longue duree should be combined with other historical time-scales (including those covered by microhistory), and that this combination can help us all to better understand the present in light of the past and then orient ourselves toward the future. In sum, we argue that the revenant longue duree can be one means, among others, to address the widespread “crisis of the humanities” that has been discerned by scholars around the world.
Teens, power tools, and green schools: Education for sustainability through a university environmental design program and middle school partnership

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of green schools in promoting education for sustainability by reflecting on a university–middle school partnership focused on sustainable design. Undergraduates and middle school students met weekly for a semester to learn about sustainability through simple design projects and activities that focused on sustainability features of the school. Instructor and university student reflections explore the value and challenges in integrating education for sustainability and green schools that teach.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Enzymes on Carbon Nanotubes

The use of Layer-by-layer techniques for immobilizing several types of enzymes, e.g. glucose oxidase (GOx), horse radish oxidases(HRP), and choline oxidase(CHO) on carbon nanotubes and their applications for biosenseing are presented. The enzyme is immobilized on the negatively charged CNT surface by alternatively assembling a cationic polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDDA) layer and a enzyme layer. The sandwich-like layer structure (PDDA/enzyme/PDDA/CNT) formed by electrostatic assembling provides a favorable microenvironment to keep the bioactivity of enzyme and to prevent enzyme molecule leakage. The morphologies and electrocatalytic acitivity of the resulted enzyme film were characterized using TEM and electrochemical techniques, respectively. It was found that these enzyme-based biosensors are very sensitive, selective for detection of biomolecules, e.g. glucose, choline.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hematologic malignancies: a single cancer center retrospective review.

Abstract Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an uncommon opportunistic infection with high morbidity and mortality. This is an institutional review board–approved retrospective review of medical records identified by diagnostic coding for PML or John Cunningham virus (JCV) from 2000 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positive for JCV by polymerase chain reaction or brain biopsy–proven PML in non-HIV patients. There were 16 patients, 12 of whom were men (75%); the median age was 56 years (range, 31-71 years). All had hematologic malignancies (5 [31%] had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 3 [19%] had acute myeloid leukemia, 3 had [19%] mantle cell lymphoma, and 1 patient each had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, or B-cell lymphoma). One patient received no cancer-directed therapy. Of the remaining 15 patients, all received conventional chemotherapy, and 9 (60%) underwent transplant. Thirteen patients (87%) received immunomodulating therapy (predominantly rituximab). The median time from cancer diagnosis to PML diagnosis was 48.5 months. PML was diagnosed a median of 2.1 months from symptom onset; however, the median time to PML diagnosis was 5.4 months for the 4 patients presenting with a cerebellar syndrome. PML was diagnosed by CSF in 12 patients and brain biopsy in 4 following negative CSF test results. Median survival from PML diagnosis was 4.3 months for the 11 patients on treatment and 0.87 months for the 5 without treatment. PML still occurs in patients with hematologic malignancies in the absence of treatment. Twenty-five percent of our patients required brain biopsy for diagnosis, and diagnosis was delayed when the clinical presentation was unusual, such as a cerebellar syndrome.
Mycobacterium genavense infections in non-HIV immunocompromised hosts: a systematic review.

Background: Mycobacterium genavense is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium which can rarely cause disease in non-HIV immunocompromised hosts. We describe our experience with this unusual infection and ...
Cauchy data spaces and Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index on non-compact manifolds

Abstract We study the Cauchy data spaces of the strongly Callias-type operators using maximal domain on manifolds with non-compact boundary, with the aim of understanding the Atiyah–Patodi–Singer index and elliptic boundary value problems.
NVQuery: Efficient Query Processing in Nonvolatile Memory

Today’s computing systems use a huge amount of energy and time to process basic queries in database. A large part of it is spent in data movement between the memory and processing cores, owing to the limited cache capacity and memory bandwidth of traditional computers. In this paper, we propose a nonvolatile memory-based query accelerator, called NVQuery, which performs several basic query functions in memory including aggregation, prediction, bit-wise operations, join operations, as well as exact and nearest distance search queries. NVQuery is implemented on a content addressable memory and exploits the analog characteristic of nonvolatile memory in order to enable in-memory processing. To implement nearest distance search in memory, we introduce a novel bitline driving scheme to give weights to the indices of the bits during the search operation. To further improve the energy efficiency, our design supports configurable approximation by adaptively putting memory blocks under voltage overscaling. Our experimental evaluation shows that a NVQuery can provide $49.3{\boldsymbol \times }$ performance speedup and $32.9{\boldsymbol \times }$ energy savings as compared to running the same query on traditional processor. Approximation improves the energy-delay product (EDP) of NVQuery by $7.3{\boldsymbol \times }$ , while providing acceptable accuracy. In addition, NVQuery can achieve $30.1{\boldsymbol \times }$ EDP improvement as compared to the state-of-the-art query accelerators.
Mechanical hemolysis in pediatric patients associated with rapid transfusion and one-way valve.

BACKGROUND Four similar transfusion reactions involving infants were reported in less than 1 year. After transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) via syringe in the operating room, each patient experienced discolored urine, laboratory evidence of hemolysis, and acute kidney injury. Clerical and serologic investigations were unremarkable. Mechanical hemolysis was considered. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Simulated syringe transfusions were performed. Measurements included hematocrit (Hct), free hemoglobin, and visual hemolysis index. Washed and unwashed RBCs were tested with or without a recently introduced one-way valve, using a 24- or 16-gauge intravenous catheter. Constant manual pressure (1.43 ± 0.49 mL/sec) or syringe pump (2 mL/min) was used and a subset was timed. RESULTS The valve increased hemolysis during manual transfusion using both catheters with washed and unwashed RBCs. With the 24-gauge catheter, the change in Hct was -3.53 ± 0.69% with the valve and 0.22 ± 0.13% without (p < 0.00001). Comparing the individual valves tested, differences in hemolysis were observed (change in Hct, p < 0.0001). During manual transfusion with 24-gauge catheter and unwashed RBCs, the degree of hemolysis was greater when it took longer to transfuse with a valve (change in Hct versus time, r = -0.75, p < 0.0001) compared to a slight increase in hemolysis for samples that took less time to transfuse without a valve (change in Hct versus time, r = 0.58, p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Mechanical hemolysis should be considered when investigating possible hemolytic transfusion reactions, especially with high rates of transfusion and use of a valve. During rapid manual transfusion with the valve, greater resistance was associated with increased hemolysis.
Lip, Cheek, and Scalp Reconstruction

Ancient Hindu descriptions of lip reconstruction date as far back as 3000 BC, but the first written account was by Susruta in 1000 BC (1). Most of the surgical concepts still used today were developed during the mid-1800s and have been adapted and improved over the years. The idea of using like or similar tissues was introduced by Gillies in the 1920s and later modified by Karapandzic in 1974 (2),(3). Refinements by Burget and Menick, based on the subunit principle, placed further emphasis on lip aesthetics (4). Even though new techniques continue to be introduced, the basic tenets of lip reconstruction remain largely unchanged.
The Role of Cognitive Change in Psychotherapy

Identifying the roles that cognitive change is thought to play among contemporary psychotherapies represents a considerable challenge. This task assumes that one can recognize the commonalities among approaches that masquerade as differences and the differences that masquerade as similarities. Extracting meaningful similarities and differences confronts us with the thorny and multifaceted issue of assigning causal relationships among cognitions, emotional distress, and behaviors, as viewed both from the vantage point of diverse theories and from empirical literature.
Analysis of Roofing Mat Structure

We describe hardware and software features of an image analysis-based instrument developed in our laboratory to characterize web structure. The potential value of detailed web analysis that is possible today using image analysis is illustrated for a small number of roofing mat webs by characterizing basis weight (small area) uniformity, fiber bundle orientation (directionality control) and fiber bundle diameter (dispersion quality). From this analysis, we show that it is possible to observe differences in web structure between the top and wire sides of webs, built-up roofing and shingle mat webs, production with hydraulic pressurized (closed) and atmospheric (open) headboxes, production with and without a flow synchronizer, and web basis weight.
“The ‘Asiatic’ Model”: The Brechtian Art of Refunctioning of Japanese (Asian) Theatre

Bertolt Brecht’s practical approach to Japanese theatre, which necessitates the refunctioning of it by displacing it from its historical, cultural as well as aesthetic contexts was consistent with his general approach to classical traditions. Brecht treated classical traditions as raw material, and what interested him was the usability and adaptability (displaceability) of the traditions concerned, not their essential differences and differentiations. In determining the transportability and usability of Japanese theatre, a foreign dramatic art, Brecht consciously chose to disregard its historical, cultural, and ethnic peculiarities. The Brechtian art of refunctioning prescribes and legitimizes the copyist’s right and freedom of using (or abusing) the material to the benefit of the copyist’s work (practical and theoretical). The act of abuse or sacrilege against the material, however, does not sanctify the afterlife of the material with its true identity, but displaces it and thereby deprives it of its true identity. The material may live on, but is forced to live the life, and to mirror the identity, of the copyist’s work.
Are mnemonic failures and benefits two sides of the same coin?: Investigating the real-world consequences of individual differences in memory integration

Theories of reconstructive memory have long been influenced by investigations of false recognition errors, in which old/new judgements are compromised by spontaneous activation of associated but nonpresented concepts. Recent evidence similarly suggests that reconstructive memory processes (so-called memory integration) also support positive learning behaviors, such as inferential reasoning. Despite prevailing hypotheses, the question of whether a common integration process underlies these seemingly disparate mnemonic outcomes is not well understood. To address this question, young adults, recruited from two institutions, completed the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (Deese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17–22, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814, 1995) and Bransford and Franks (Cognitive Psychology, 2, 331–350, 1971) false recognition paradigms, as well as an inferential paradigm (Varga & Bauer, Memory & Cognition, 45, 1014–1027, 2017b), all of which depend on integration of related information in memory. Across two experiments, the well-established tasks were adapted such that successful memory integration resulted in the same negative outcome (i.e., false recognition; Experiment 1) or positive outcome (i.e., inferential reasoning; Experiment 2). By capturing variability in item-to-item responding within and among tasks for each person, a common memory integration process was found to elicit positive and negative consequences in paradigms that required the combination of individual units to construct a composite understanding, but only when memory for directly learned and novel, integrated items were modeled together. Furthermore, linking task-related behavior to academic performance revealed that a greater propensity to integrate factual information (but not arbitrary materials) was related to higher SAT scores. Together, these results provide evidence for domain-general and domain-specific reconstructive mechanisms and their role in supporting educational success beyond the laboratory.
Dissecting α-synuclein inclusion pathology diversity in multiple system atrophy: implications for the prion-like transmission hypothesis

Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of insoluble, aggregated α-synuclein (αS) pathological inclusions. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) presents with extensive oligodendroglial αS pathology and additional more limited neuronal inclusions while most of the other synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), develop αS pathology primarily in neuronal cell populations. αS biochemical alterations specific to MSA have been described but thorough examination of these unique and disease-specific protein deposits is further warranted especially given recent findings implicating the prion-like nature of synucleinopathies perhaps with distinct strain-like properties. Taking advantage of an extensive panel of antibodies that target a wide range of epitopes within αS, we investigated the distinct properties of the various types of αS inclusion present in MSA brains with comparison to DLB. Brain biochemical fractionation followed by immunoblotting revealed that the immunoreactive profiles were significantly more consistent for DLB than for MSA. Furthermore, epitope-specific immunohistochemistry varied greatly between different types of MSA αS inclusions and even within different brain regions of individual MSA brains. These studies highlight the importance of using a battery of antibodies for adequate appreciation of the various pathology in this distinct synucleinopathy. In addition, it can be posited that if the spread of pathology in MSA undergoes prion-like mechanisms, “strains” of αS aggregated conformers must be inherently unstable and readily mutable, perhaps resulting in a more stochastic progression process. Leveraging an extensive panel of α-synuclein antibodies that targets a wide range of epitopes, the authors provide evidence that multiple system atrophy α-synuclein inclusions display distinct misfolded strain-like characteristics divergent from Lewy body diseases. The findings also indicate that in multiple system atrophy α-synuclein prion-like strains are likely inherently mutable.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Hydrogenase Enzyme Models

Hydrogenase enzymes are nature’s solution to using molecular hydrogen as an energy source. While the air-sensitivity of these biological catalysts make them impractical for industrial hydrogen generation, synthetic mimics show promise in acting as effective substitutes. Hydrogenase model compounds also enable detailed investigation of the ultrafast dynamics and chemical reaction mechanisms using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. This chapter reviews the progress in applying ultrafast transient infrared absorption and multidimensional spectroscopy to a range of small molecule hydrogenase model compounds, as well as several macromolecular and larger constructs. The rich vibrational structure and straightforward chemical modularity of these diiron compounds represent an exciting class of molecules that are, at the same time, excellent model systems for fundamental chemical dynamics, and practical molecular catalytic components with direct application to next-generation hydrogen-based energy strategies.
Demographics, Learner Characteristics, and Use of Wearable Devices:

This case study was intended to explore whether wearable device use is associated with their demographic factors (e.g., device ownership and gender), using undergraduate students in a Hispanic Serv...
The fear of missing out at work: Examining costs and benefits to employee health and motivation

Abstract The popular business media argues that the “fear of missing out” (FoMO) on work-related opportunities harms employees’ health and performance. Yet, these claims rely on the study of FoMO in college students in non-work contexts. Therefore, we explored workplace FoMO among employees across three studies. We first developed a measure and provided validation evidence for workplace FoMO among diverse employees (N = 324; Study 1) and MBA students (N = 223; Study 2). Using a third large employee sample (N = 300; Study 3), we tested whether workplace FoMO predicted health (i.e., work burnout and work well-being) and motivational outcomes (i.e., message-checking behaviors and work engagement). We also examined whether family-supportive organizational perceptions (FSOP) moderated these relationships. Results indicated that workplace FoMO is a distinct construct from other measures, including general FoMO. Workplace FoMO also predicted work burnout and message checking behavior, but not work well-being. Lower levels of FSOP strengthened the positive relationship between workplace FoMO and message checking behavior, but also produced a positive relationship between workplace FoMO and work well-being. Overall, FoMO appears to be relevant to the work context and predicts both employee well-being and behavior outcomes.
English Learners' Appropriation of English Language Policy at a U.S. University.

Employing an ethnographic design, this study analyzes three undergraduate English learners’ (ELs) appropriation of language policy at a U.S. university. In this study, ELs refers to bi/multilingual...
Neuropathic Pain Is Associated with Poor Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

Background. The hallmark complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) is pain - both acute pain and chronic, daily pain that worsens with increasing age. Emerging data reveal patients with SCD display features of nervous system sensitization, with associated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity and neuropathic pain. Children with SCD report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) when compared to healthy race-matched controls. In addition, more severe SCD is associated with worse HRQL. Further, data show approximately 40% of patients with SCD report neuropathic pain. The presence of neuropathic pain is associated with poor HRQL in non-SCD pain conditions, but this relationship in SCD is unknown. Thus, we sought to investigate associations between neuropathic pain and HRQL in adolescents with SCD. We hypothesized that neuropathic pain is associated with worse HRQL in adolescents with SCD. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with SCD ages 13-18 years presenting for a clinic visit. All patients were in their baseline state of health, defined as no emergency department visits or hospitalizations for a SCD-related complication, including acute pain crisis, for at least 7 days prior to the completion of either assessment. Primary outcome was HRQL, assessed by the PedsQLTM SCD Module (child self-report and parent proxy-report). Neuropathic pain was assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire. PedsQLTM SCD Module is a 43-item questionnaire that encompasses 9 scales: (1) Pain and Hurt, (2) Pain Impact, (3) Pain Management and Control, (4) Worry I, (5) Worry II, (6) Emotions, (7) Treatment, (8) Communication I and (9) Communication II. This study focused on the following: Total Score, Pain and Hurt, Pain Impact and Pain Management and Control scales. PedsQLTM SCD Module is scored resulting in a Total Score (0-100) and individual scale scores (0-100). Higher scores indicate better HRQL; scores from 0-60 indicate poor HRQL. The painDETECT questionnaire is a 12-item screening tool used to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic pain, validated for use in ages ≥14 years. painDETECT is scored from 0-38; scores between 13 and 38 indicate a probable or definite component of neuropathic pain. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographic characteristics, PedsQLTM scores and painDETECT scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations between painDETECT and PedsQLTM Total Score, Pain Impact, Pain and Hurt and Pain Management and Control Scores. Analyses for child self-report and parent proxy-report were performed separately. A p Download : Download high-res image (140KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Panepinto: NIH: Research Funding. Brandow: NIH: Research Funding.
DMMP pyrolysis and oxidation studies at high temperature inside a shock tube using laser absorption measurements of CO

Abstract Dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) is an organo-phosphorous compound (OPC) used as a fire suppressant and a simulant for sarin, a chemical warfare agent. There exists a critical need to gather combustion data at high heating rate and high temperatures conditions, similar to what exists during destruction process of chemical weapons. In the present work, DMMP pyrolysis and oxidation were carried out behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1300–1700 K and pressures of 1.5–1.8 atm. Lean, stoichiometric, and rich DMMP mixtures (Φ = 0.23, 0.5, 1, 2) were investigated for oxidation experiments. Laser absorption spectroscopy utilizing a quantum cascade laser near 4.9 µm was used to measure intermediate CO concentration formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation processes. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first intermediate concentration data at the reported conditions for DMMP. A tentative kinetic model, based on the AramcoMech2.0 mechanism with Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL)’s OPC incineration chemistry, was utilized in Chemkin-Pro to predict CO yield during the processes. The model provided fair prediction of CO yield during DMMP pyrolysis, however, overpredicted the CO yield for oxidation. Sensitivity and rate of production analyses were carried out to understand important reactions leading to CO formation.
Exercise in Thermal Inversions: PM2.5 Air Pollution Effects on Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Performance.

Introduction Wintertime thermal inversions can lead to the accumulation of small particulate matter (PM2.5). Despite an association between respiratory hospital admissions and elevated PM2.5 levels, many people continue to exercise outdoors during inversions. This study compared pulmonary function and exercise performance during periods of low and high ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Methods Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured outdoors before and after two 3200 m running time trials: one with low ambient PM2.5 (0.6–14.7 microgram·m-3), and the other during high PM2.5 (19.1–42.5 micrograms·m-3). A 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) administered postexercise quantified subjective ratings of respiratory discomfort. Results The PM2.5 differential between trials was ≥18 micrograms·m-3 for 10 healthy runners. Despite feeling more respiratory discomfort (P=0.044) during the bad air trial (VAS: 4.6±1.8 cm) compared with the good air trial (VAS: 2.9±1.8 cm), the 3200 m run time (low PM2.5: 13:54±1:34 min:s; high PM2.5: 14:07±1:44 min:s) was not different (P=0.261) between trials. Postexercise forced vital capacity was not significantly different (P=0.846) between the low (4.86±1.00 L) and high (4.84±0.95 L) PM2.5 conditions. Similarly, the difference in postexercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s was not significant (P=0.750) between trials (4.22±0.89 L vs 4.23±0.85 L). Conclusions Neither run time nor pulmonary function of healthy adults were adversely affected by an acute bout of exercise in elevated ambient PM2.5, equivalent to yellow or orange on the air quality index.
Real-time and non-destructive hydrocarbon gas sensing using mid-infrared integrated photonic circuits

A chip-scale mid-infrared (mid-IR) sensor was developed for hydrocarbon gas detection. The sensor consisted of amorphous Si (a-Si) optical ridge waveguides that were fabricated by complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) processes. The waveguide exhibited a sharp fundamental mode through λ = 2.70 to 3.50 μm. Its sensing performance was characterized by measuring methane and acetylene. From the spectral mode attenuation, the characteristic C–H absorption bands associated with methane and acetylene were found at λ = 3.29–3.33 μm and λ = 3.00–3.06 μm, respectively. In addition, real-time methane and acetylene concentration monitoring was demonstrated at λ = 3.02 and 3.32 μm. Hence, the mid-IR waveguide sensor enabled an accurate and instantaneous analysis of hydrocarbon gas mixtures.
Decellularized Bovine Pericardial Mitral Valve in a Neonatal Marfan Patient

Mitral valve construction using decellularized bovine pericardium is a new procedure. A 10-month-old infant with neonatal Marfan syndrome underwent mitral valve replacement due to severe mitral regurgitation with a cylinder valve constructed from decellularized bovine pericardium. Nineteen months postoperatively the patient is clinically well with trivial mitral regurgitation, mild stenosis, and without need for anticoagulation.
Where Were We

This essay examines the twentieth-century water infrastructure of Phoenix, Arizona. An extensive network of canals transformed the desert into farmland, then farmland into suburban sprawl. This inf...