cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Analog VLSI circuits for robot path planning

This paper presents robot path planning using reconfigurable Analog-Very-Large-Scale-Integrated (AVLSI) circuits. Existing research has shown that custom AVLSI circuits known as application-specific-integrated-circuits (ASICs) can theoretically be used for robot path planning. There are two main drawbacks to using custom ASICs: 1) circuit designs are fixed to some extent (not changeable) and 2) long design cycle/fabrication time (order of months). Reconfigurable analog circuits called Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) have been used to implement a variety of AVLSI circuits in a short time (order of minutes). This paper presents initial hardware results using reconfigurable AVLSI circuits developed at Georgia Tech to implement a robot path planning algorithm. A simple toy problem is presented as a proof of concept.
Using data compression in automatic test equipment for system-on-chip testing

Compression has been used in automatic test equipment (ATE) to reduce storage and application time for high volume data by exploiting the repetitive nature of test vectors. The application of a binary compression method to an ATE environment for manufacturing is studied using a technique, referred to as reuse. In reuse, compression is achieved by partitioning the vector set and removing repeating segments. This process has O(n/sup 2/) time complexity for compression (where n is the number of vectors) with a simple hardware decoding circuitry. It is shown that for industrial system-on-chip (SoC) designs, the efficiency of the reuse compression technique is comparable to sophisticated software techniques with the advantage of easy and fast decoding. Two shift register-based decompression schemes are presented; they can be either incorporated into internal scan chains or built in the tester's head. The proposed compression method has been applied to industrial test and data and an average compression rate of 84% has been achieved.
9/11, Afghanistan, and Iraq: The Response of the New York Theatre

Clearly the attacks of 11 September 2001 served as a defining moment in the contemporary American political, social, or cultural imagination, and led directly to the invasion of Afghanistan and the far more controversial invasion of Iraq. Both wars were brief, the modest forces of these countries quickly capitulating to the overwhelming military superiority of Western forces, headed by the United States. On 1 May 2003, President George Bush announced victory and the end of the war in Iraq. Although the much more difficult and complex problems of occupation and pacification clearly will continue for some time, 1 May may be taken to have marked an end of a major phase in the crisis that was initiated on 9/11.
High-Q Whispering Gallery Modes in Wet Etched Silica Microdisk Resonators Containing Silicon Nanocrystals

We demonstrate coupling of room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emission from silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) embedded in silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of 10 mum radius microdisk resonators. The resonators were fabricated by wet chemical etching of circular patterns defined by electron beam lithography and display very smooth edges. We observe nearly degenerate counter-propagating WGMs from the microdisks and measure quality factors of Q>3500 for the fundamental mode at 850 nm - limited by the absorption loss from the nanocrystals
Biogenesis of mammalian microRNAs by a non-canonical processing pathway

Canonical microRNA biogenesis requires the Microprocessor components, Drosha and DGCR8, to generate precursor-miRNA, and Dicer to form mature miRNA. The Microprocessor is not required for processing of some miRNAs, including mirtrons, in which spliceosome-excised introns are direct Dicer substrates. In this study, we examine the processing of putative human mirtrons and demonstrate that although some are splicing-dependent, as expected, the predicted mirtrons, miR-1225 and miR-1228, are produced in the absence of splicing. Remarkably, knockout cell lines and knockdown experiments demonstrated that biogenesis of these splicing-independent mirtron-like miRNAs, termed ‘simtrons’, does not require the canonical miRNA biogenesis components, DGCR8, Dicer, Exportin-5 or Argonaute 2. However, simtron biogenesis was reduced by expression of a dominant negative form of Drosha. Simtrons are bound by Drosha and processed in vitro in a Drosha-dependent manner. Both simtrons and mirtrons function in silencing of target transcripts and are found in the RISC complex as demonstrated by their interaction with Argonaute proteins. These findings reveal a non-canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway that can produce functional regulatory RNAs.
Neuropeptide deficits in schizophrenia vs. Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex

Neuropeptide concentrations were determined in the postmortem cerebral cortex from 19 cognitive-impaired schizophrenics, 4 normal elderly subjects, 4 multi-infarct dementia (MID) cases, and 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Only AD patients met criteria for AD. The normal elderly and MID cases were combined into one control group. Somatostatin concentrations were reduced in both schizophrenia and AD. Neuropeptide Y concentrations were reduced only in schizophrenia, and corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations were primarily reduced in AD. Concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and cholecystokinin also were reduced in schizophrenia, although not as profoundly as somatostatin or neuropeptide Y. In AD, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were unchanged. Neuropeptide deficits in schizophrenics were more pronounced in the temporal and frontal lobes than in the occipital lobe. The mechanisms underlying these deficits in schizophrenia and AD are likely distinct. In schizophrenia, a common neural element, perhaps the cerebral cortical gaba-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neuron, may underlie these deficits.
Management of patients with symptomatic extracranial carotid artery disease and incidental intracranial berry aneurysm.

Abstract Perioperative fluctuation of blood pressure and the use of anticoagulants during carotid endarterectomy may potentiate lethal aneurysm rupture in patients who have symptomatic extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease with incidental, asymptomatic, intracranial berry aneurysms. Ten patients having this combination are described in the present study. Of five men and five women whose mean age was 63 years, nine had symptomatic carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis, one had internal carotid fibromuscular dysplasia, and all had intracranial berry aneurysms ranging from 2 to 13 mm in diameter (mean diameter 6.6 mm). In seven patients, aneurysms were ⩾6 mm in diameter. Hypertension was present in seven patients and moderately severe in five. Three of the aneurysms were located in the intracranial internal carotid artery, five in the middle cerebral artery, three in the posterior communicating artery, one in the anterior cerebral artery, and one in the superior cerebellar artery. Twelve carotid reconstructive procedures were performed without morbidity related to aneurysm rupture. These included 10 carotid endarterectomies, one of which was combined with Dacron patch angioplasty and one of which was combined with a simultaneous coronary artery bypass; one carotid artery dilatation for fibromuscular disease; and one reoperative carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty. Three patients had correction of hemodynamically significant lesions, two of which were proximal to ipsilateral anterior circulation aneurysms. An intraluminal shunt and heparin anticoagulation therapy were used in all patients. Despite a concerted effort to control blood pressure, the patients' perioperative blood pressures ranged from 60/30 to 240/110 mm Hg. Three patients had subsequent elective clipping of intracranial aneurysms. The results of this study indicate that carotid endarterectomy is safe in patients with asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms
Smart Memories: a modular reconfigurable architecture

Trends in VLSI technology scaling demand that future computing devices be narrowly focused to achieve high performance and high efficiency, yet also target the high volumes and low costs of widely applicable general purpose designs. To address these conflicting requirements, we propose a modular reconfigurable architecture called Smart Memories, targeted at computing needs in the 0.1m technology generation. A Smart Memories chip is made up of many processing tiles, each containing local memory, local interconnect, and a processor core. For efficient computation under a wide class of possible applications, the memories, the wires, and the computational model can all be altered to match the applications. To show the applicability of this design, two very different machines at opposite ends of the architectural spectrum, the Imagine stream processor and the Hydra speculative multiprocessor, are mapped onto the Smart Memories computing substrate. Simulations of the mappings show that the Smart Memories architecture can successfully map these architectures with only modest performance degradation.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Comparison of Epidural and Intravenous Sufentanil Infusions

BACKGROUND The site of action (spinal vs. central) of epidurally administered lipid-soluble opioids has been the subject of controversy. We compared the efficacy, plasma concentration and side effects of epidural and intravenously administered sufentanil for postoperative pain relief. METHODS Using a double-blind, prospective design, 50 patients scheduled for intraabdominal operations during combined epidural-general anesthesia were randomized into one of two groups. Patients in group 1 (n = 24) received a 1-microgram/ml sufentanil infusion epidurally at 0.2 microgram.kg-1.h-1 and a saline infusion intravenously at the same rate. Patients in group 2 (n = 26) received a 1-microgram/ml sufentanil infusion intravenously at 0.2 microgram.kg-1.h-1 and a saline infusion epidurally at the same rate. Intravenous morphine sulfate was available in 2-mg increments to all patients in the postanesthesia care unit until visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) pain score was < or = 30. Then, a patient-controlled intravenous pump providing morphine on demand (1 mg with a 10-min lockout) was begun. Blood samples were drawn for sufentanil plasma levels and patients were assessed for pain, sedation and nausea for the 48 h after commencement of the infusions. RESULTS Similar visual analogue pain, sedation, and nausea scores were found between the patients in the two groups. No differences were found in supplemental morphine requirements and plasma sufentanil concentrations between the patients in the two groups. A higher incidence of excessive sedation requiring infusion decrease was infusion decrease was found in the intravenous group (six vs. one, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Many clinical similarities were found when epidural and intravenous sufentanil infusions were compared. The higher incidence of excessive sedation in the patients receiving intravenous sufentanil could not be explained on the basis of plasma sufentanil concentrations alone. This study indicates that little clinical difference exists between epidural and intravenous administration of sufentanil.
Magnetic moments of active and sterile neutrinos

Since most of the neutrino parameters are well measured, we illustrate precisely the prediction of the Standard Model, minimally extended to allow massive neutrinos, for the electron neutrino magnetic moment. We elaborate on the effects of light sterile neutrinos on the effective electron neutrino magnetic moment measured at the reactors. We explicitly show that the kinematical effects of the neutrino masses are negligible even for light sterile neutrinos.
Accumulation of Maillard reaction products in skin collagen in diabetes and aging.

To investigate the contribution of glycation and oxidation reactions to the modification of insoluble collagen in aging and diabetes, Maillard reaction products were measured in skin collagen from 39 type 1 diabetic patients and 52 nondiabetic control subjects. Compounds studied included fructoselysine (FL), the initial glycation product, and the glycoxidation products, N'-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and pentosidine, formed during later Maillard reactions. Collagen-linked fluorescence was also studied. In nondiabetic subjects, glycation of collagen (FL content) increased only 33% between 20 and 85 yr of age. In contrast, CML, pentosidine and fluorescence increased fivefold, correlating strongly with age. In diabetic patients, collagen FL was increased threefold compared with nondiabetic subjects, correlating strongly with glycated hemoglobin but not with age. Collagen CML, pentosidine and fluorescence were increased up to twofold in diabetic compared with control patients: this could be explained by the increase in glycation alone, without invoking increased oxidative stress. There were strong correlations among CML, pentosidine and fluorescence in both groups, providing evidence for age-dependent chemical modification ofcollagen via the Maillard reaction, and acceleration of this process in diabetes. These results support the description of diabetes as a disease characterized by accelerated chemical aging of long-lived tissue proteins. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 91:2463-2469.)
The reference monitor: an idea whose time has come

As operating systems were developed, limitations in the hardware and software technologies forced the designers to develop large monolithic core programs called kernels. Over time all major operating system functionality was concentrated into these large unstructured programs. When trusted systems were built from these kernels, the simple idea of a reference validation mechanism was not easily implemented. In place of this simple idea ponderous structures were developed in an effort to break apart and modularize the monolithic kernels. This process has become part of the trusted systems development since it is incorporated into the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria. In the last five years there has been a major change in the way operating systems are built. Investigation of current projects reveals that operating systems are now built along modular lines, and there is a concerted effort to reduce the size of the monolithic kernels. Consequently, implementing a small modular reference validation mechanism is now possible in its original form. In some cases, the operating system designers are incorporating a reference validation mechanism, albeit without assurance, to solve some of their own design problems. So technology has finally caught up with the idea of the reference monitor, and it is now possible to use these implementations. Lest the picture seem too optimistic, there are other trends in operating system design that are less favorable to trusted systems development, and any change in our view of trusted systems must also allowfor these other developments.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Isolation by Combined Continuous Flow-Isopycnic Banding Centrifugation

A new zonal centrifuge rotor (B-IX) which combines continuous sample flow centrifugation with isopycnic banding has been used to isolate and concentrate respiratory syncytial virus from liter volumes of culture fluid. This isolation technique utilizes a sucrose density gradient to trap and isopycnically band the virus particles, and permits recovery of the particles from the rotor in an unaggregated condition.
National Technology Medal nominations

Nominations opened this month for the second round of the National Technology Medals, which are awarded periodically by the president of the United States to recognize individuals and companies for “outstanding contributions to improving the well being of the United States through the promotion of technology or technological manpower.” Any U.S. citizen or U.S.-owned company is eligible. Persons connected with the administration or selection procedures for the medal are not eligible during the period of their service or for 5 years thereafter. It is anticipated that no more than 12 medals will be awarded on any one occasion.
Federal Criminal Forfeiture: A Royal Pain in the Assets

This article examines federal criminal forfeiture from statutory authorization to application, highlighting troublesome areas along the way.
Low Complexity Detection Algorithms in Large-Scale MIMO Systems

In this contribution, we present low-complexity detection algorithms in large-scale MIMO systems where they achieve significantly better bit error rate (BER) performance than known heuristic algorithms in large-scale MIMO literature, such as local ascent search (LAS) and reactive tabu search (RTS) algorithms, especially at higher-order modulations. The proposed techniques are developed from the conventional quadratic programming (QP) detector. The first one is based on performing two stages of a QP detector with a novel combination of both interference cancellation and shadow area constraints of the constellation. The second one is based on the branch and bound search tree algorithm. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is investigated at various QAM modulations. Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithms outperform LAS and RTS algorithms in both uncoded and turbo coded BER performance, especially at higher QAM levels, with no significant change in complexity as the modulation level increases. Also, an extension of the QP detector for iterative detection and decoding is developed for the case of QPSK using a low complexity approach.
Evolutionary and Environmental Forces Sculpting Leaf Development

Leaf shape is spectacularly diverse. As a major component of plant architecture and an interface for light capture, gas exchange, and thermoregulation, the potential contributions of leaves to plant fitness are innumerable. Particularly because of their intimate association and interaction with the surrounding environment, both the plasticity of leaf shape during the lifetime of a plant and the evolution of leaf shape over geologic time are revealing with respect to leaf function. Leaf shapes arise within a developmental context that constrains both their evolution and environmental plasticity. Quantitative models capturing genetic diversity, developmental context, and environmental plasticity will be required to fully understand the evolution and development of leaf shape and its response to environmental pressures. In this review, we discuss recent literature demonstrating that distinct molecular pathways are modulated by specific environmental inputs, the output of which regulates leaf dissection. We propose a synthesis explaining both historical patterns in the paleorecord and conserved plastic responses in extant plants. Understanding the potential adaptive value of leaf shape, and how to molecularly manipulate it, will prove to be invaluable in designing crops optimized for future climates.
Impact of Chiral Molecules on the Formation of Biominerals: A Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Example

Minerals in organisms often exhibit chiral shapes. The physical mechanism by which chiral information is transferred from molecules to crystal morphology is still not well-defined. In this article,...
Time- and Temperature-Independent Local Carrier Mobility and Effects of Regioregularity in Polymer-Fullerene Organic Semiconductors

Organic semiconducting polymers exhibit complex microstructure and disorder over a wide range of length scales, which impact the electronic transport properties relevant for the development of photovoltaic devices. Typical transport measurements blur together intermolecular and intramolecular conduction processes, making it difficult to develop an understanding of how disorder on different length scales impacts device performance. This work uses time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to selectively study intramolecular carrier transport in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). At 2 THz, P3HT polymers with different side chain regularity have fast THz carrier mobility ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the mobility dependence on the side chain regularity is much smaller than studied by other macroscopic mobility measurements. The fast local carrier mobility allows us to understand how the efficiency of charge-transfer state splitting is high in these polymers and shows that local disorder does not strongly impact intramolecular transport processes. Moreover, the local mobility does not exhibit changes with temperature or time within the 1 ns duration probed, indicating that local carrier transport is always fast. To fully understand the differences in time and temperature dependence on carrier transport at different length scales, a transport model that separates local transport from intermolecular carrier hopping is required.
Critical behaviors in the dietary management of hypertension.

An interdisciplinary group convened by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) was charged with describing the patient behaviors critical to successful dietary management of high blood pressure. The group’s report identifies 10 steps the patient must take to change dietary behavior; it emphasizes a gradual, progressive approach and ongoing patient contact with the health care team. The approach should interest the dietary counselor and might serve as an example of how progressive nutrition counseling programs can be built around a behavioral model. The report should stimulate the continuing efforts of the nutrition counselor, the physician, and the health care administrator to improve the nutrition care of the patient.
Differences and Similarities in Characterizing Terrorists: A Comparison of American and Russian Samples After 9/11

AbstractEighty-three Russian and 185 American students were given a political opinion survey addressing terrorism (Takooshian & Verdi, 1995) and a questionnaire that specifically addressed the terrorist attacks ofSeptember 11th in order to examine attributions made about terrorists shortly after a terrorist attack. The results indicate that both Russians and Americans believe that terrorism should be eliminated and that innocent people should be protected in the process. However, Russians were more likely to make disopositional attributions about terrorists while Americans were more likely to make situational attributions. The results are discussed in regard to social-historical factors and recent political events.
Can stories influence African-American patients’ intentions to change hypertension management behaviors? A randomized control trial

Abstract Objectives Information-only interventions for hypertension management have limited effectiveness, particularly among disadvantaged populations. We assessed the impact of viewing African-American patients' stories of successfully controlling hypertension on intention to change hypertension management behaviors and engagement with educational materials. Methods In a three-site randomized trial, 618 African-American Veterans with uncontrolled hypertension viewed an information-only DVD about hypertension (control) or a DVD adding videos of African-American Veterans telling stories about successful hypertension management (intervention). After viewing, patients were asked about their engagement with the DVD, and their intentions to change behavior. Mean scores were compared with two-sided t -tests. Results Results favored the Stories intervention, with significantly higher emotional engagement versus control (4.3 vs. 2.2 p Conclusion Patients were more emotionally engaged and reported intentions to change behavior when watching real patient hypertension management success stories. Practice implications Stories may be more influential than information alone, and represent a scalable approach to modifying behavioral intention.
Basilar Impression and Invagination

Basilar impression (secondary/acquired) and invagination (primary) develop when the odontoid process of C2 migrates into the foramen magnum, causing compression of the brainstem and upper cervical spine. The terms are often used interchangeably because the symptoms and treatment are similar. For the purposes of this chapter, both basilar impression and invagination will be referred to as BI. Basilar invagination is more commonly associated with congenital anomalies such as the Klippel-Feil syndrome and hindbrain herniation. Basilar impression is more commonly associated with conditions causing softening of the bone and secondary settling, including Paget disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism, Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The mean age of patients requiring surgical decompression is 43 years for basilar impression and 22 years for basilar invagination. Clinical signs and symptoms may include weakness, neck pain, myelopathy/spasticity, ataxia, swallowing difficulty, and other lower cranial nerve deficits. Craniocervical instability may be present and requires a thorough assessment, as discussed below.
Understanding and Using Situations

In this chapter we discuss the notion of “situations” as broadly understood across different research fields and then provide an operational definition for it.
Reconfigurable Planar Capacitive Coupling in Substrate-Integrated Coaxial-Cavity Filters

This paper expands our previous work on planar tunable capacitive coupling structures in substrate-integrated cavities using lumped components. We demonstrate both frequency and bandwidth tunable filters with adjustable transmission zeros (TZs). By the appropriate choice of the absolute and relative strength of magnetic and electric coupling coefficients, we demonstrate: 1) tunable bandwidth and the ability to maintain either a constant absolute bandwidth or a constant fractional bandwidth; 2) adjustable TZ location at a prescribed bandwidth; and 3) the ability to switch OFF the filter with high isolation. Filter design methodologies based on a dispersive coupling structure are presented using lumped circuit models, coupling matrix, and full-wave simulations. With this planar capacitive coupling, it is also convenient to realize cross-coupling in higher order filters to produce additional TZs for rejecting spurious resonances or interferes. Fabricated two-pole filters with one or two TZs and four-pole filters with three or four TZs validate the filter design. A two-pole filter with tunable center frequency and tunable bandwidth along with a four-pole filter with tunable center frequency and tunable TZs are also demonstrated.
Hypercalcemia as Initial Presentation of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Gastric Origin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hypercalcemia of malignancy due to metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma is extremely rare; in fact, to the best of our knowledge, only three case reports of hypercalcemia associated with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma have been published in the literature to date. Herein, we report a rare case involving a 61-year-old African-American female who had hypercalcemia at initial presentation and who was later diagnosed with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with extensive liver metastases, without bone involvement. She was found to have elevated parathyroid hormone-related peptide and normal parathyroid hormone levels. Despite aggressive treatment, she died within a few months of diagnosis.
The impacts of fracking on the environment: A total environmental study paradigm

Fracking has become a hot topic in the media and public discourse not only because of its economic benefit but also its environmental impacts. Recently, scientists have investigated the environmental impacts of fracking, and most studies focus on its air and ground water pollution. A systematic research structure and an overall evaluation of fracking's impacts on the environment are needed, because fracking does not only influence ground water but most environmental elements including but not limited to air, water, soil, rock, vegetation, wildlife, human, and many other ecosystem components. From the standpoint of the total environment, this communication assesses the overall impacts of fracking on the environment and then designs a total environmental study paradigm that effectively examines the complicated relationship among the total environment. Fracking dramatically changes the anthroposphere, which in turn significantly impacts the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere through the significant input or output of water, air, liquid or solid waste disposals, and the complex chemical components in fracking fluids. The proposed total environment study paradigm of fracking can be applied to other significant human activities that have dramatic impacts on the environment, such as mountain top coal mining or oil sands for environmental studies.
PRELIMINARY DATA ON DRIVING ABILITY IN CHARCOT MARIE TOOTH 1A (CMT 1A) PATIENTS (P1.141)

Objective: To determine driving ability in those with CMT1A. Background: Driving is a complex task requiring rapid responses, which can be impaired by weakness and sensory loss in those with peripheral neuropathies (PN). CMT1A subjects provide an ideal cohort for a study in how PN affects driver performance and safety. Methods: The following study draws from our registry of patients with CMT1A who have various levels of impairment indexed by the CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNSv2). To evaluate driving abilities in CMT1A, sixteen participants with CMT1A and eight normal controls were tested using driving simulation scenarios implemented on the Simulator for Interdisciplinary Research in Ergonomics and Neuroscience (SIREN), a high performance driving simulator (a four-door 1994 GM Saturn SL2). SAS (statistical analysis software) was used to analyze data. Results: CMT1A patients reported on average two times more motor vehicle accidents (MVA’s) than controls. CMT drivers had double the rates of lane departures and lane crossings compared to controls (p=0.0006 and p=0.0040, respectively). Lane control variability was very similar in the two groups (p=0.7718), while steering wheel variability was about 1/3rd higher for CMT drivers, though not statistically significant (p=0.2266). Similarly, although collision rates were almost double in the CMT group compared to controls, this was not significant (p=0.1990). None of the five measures of driving were significantly associated with the CMTNSv2. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that CMT1A patients self-report more MVA’s and make more lane deviation safety errors on a variety of driving scenarios and tasks in SIREN compared to controls. We will continue to acquire data on driving safety in CMT1A patients, which will provide insight on improving driving safety in patients with PN. Our next step will be to implement hand controls and determine if they reduce driving errors in those with PN. Disclosure: Dr. Jerath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feely has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dawson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aksan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rizzo has received research support from Nissan Auto. Dr. Shy has nothing to disclose.
International Relations and the First Great Debate

Foreword Michael Cox 1. Introduction Brian Schmidt 2. The Myth of the 'First Great Debate' Peter Wilson 3. Rereading Early Twentieth-Century IR Theory Andreas Osiander 4. Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? Luke Ashworth 5. C.A.W. Manning and the First Great Debate David Long 6. The American National Interest Great Debate Brian Schmidt 7. Myth, Half-Truth, Reality or Strategy? Cameron Thies 8. Where are we now in the Debate about the First Great Debate? Peter Wilson
Virtual team learning: The role of collaboration process and technology affordance in team decision making

The study examines two dimensions that impact virtual team decision making. One is the influence of collaboration process structure: the sequences, patterns, and routines participants use to interact and solve problems. The other is technology affordance: the strengths and weaknesses of technologies in terms of the usefulness they offer to teams when performing tasks. Some teams used a structured collaboration process with monitoring, coordination, and backup functions during a decision-making discussion. Other teams had no discussion process instructions. In addition, some teams possessed stronger technology affordance including both chat and an editable document. Other teams used chat technology alone, which offered fewer collaboration possibilities. The collaboration process and technology affordance factors were tested in an experiment in which four-person online teams worked as a personnel hiring committee. Information about four job candidates was distributed to create a hidden profile in which some information was shared across all team members, while other information was visible only to specific members. Two hundred and eight students, comprising fifty-two teams completed the study. Teams using the structured collaboration process made more accurate and higher-quality decisions. In addition, scores were higher when technology affordance included both chat and editable document tools, but this influence was not significant. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2016.08.037
Visual methods for gathering post-test user feedback: Pilot testing the Picture Card Sort deck

In this pilot study, we tested the potential benefits of visual card sorting method for usability testing as an alternative to the text-based Product Reaction Card Deck. Findings suggest that participants provide summative feedback about their usability experiences during the visual card sort task. Directions for future research are discussed.
Complications Associated with Rhytidectomy (Facelift Surgery): Avoidance and Correction

Rhytidectomy (facelift surgery) is an aesthetic rejuvenation surgery of the face which can remove excess sagging skin, minimize the appearance of creases and marionette lines, and correct facial fat depletion or double chin. It is the seventh most commonly requested aesthetic procedure (126,713 procedures performed in 2014) and the most commonly performed aesthetic surgery in patients greater than 65 years old (http://www.surgery.org/media/statistics; Gupta et al., Aesthet Surg J 36:1–13, 2015). Rhytidectomy generally has a very high satisfaction rate provided patients are properly selected and complications are minimized. This chapter will review important aspects of the preoperative assessment and intraoperative procedure focused on the identification and minimization of complications related to rhytidectomy surgery.
Cervical Spine Athletic Injuries: A Pain in the Neck

Interest and participation in recreational and competitive sports have increased over the past several decades as has the number of musculoskeletal injuries caused by these athletic activities. The majority of cervical spine injuries are due to soft-tissue and mechanical dysfunction of the spine and its supporting elements. This article reviews sports-related epidemiology, anatomy, and biomechanics of the cervical spine. The rehabilitation of cervical soft tissue and mechanical dysfunctions using the vicious-cycle-of-tissue-overload injury model as its basis are addressed also.
Sample Characteristics and Initial Description

This chapter includes a brief discussion of the sample of 335 households, as well as a first glimpse of the measures of household labor and market time. The short discussion of some selected characteristics of the sample gives a broad overview of the households under study and provides some basis from which to later judge the external validity of the findings. One could argue that simply because the data were collected in 1976, the patterns that emerged (particularly for the division of household labor) depart from those that might be found today. Those who believe that the social relations of the household have been radically transformed since the 1970s will find the descriptive statistics presented in this chapter useful for comparison with future studies of the division of household labor.
Growth, Reproduction and Survival in Peromyscus leucopus Carrying Intraperitoneally Implanted Transmitters

Abstract The effect of an intraperitoneal transmitter implant on the rates of growth, reproduction and survival of Peromyscus leucopus was studied. Growth was measured in weaned juveniles for 21 days following implantation. Observed growth rates based on average daily weight gain (g) per 24 hours were 0.32 and 0.31 for implanted and control mice respectively. Reproductive performance of females in a wild population was based on their observed breeding condition during censusing and the number and size of litters found in nest boxes. Of the implanted females 37 percent produced litters compared to 33 percent for controls. Litter size averaged 4.3 and 5.0 respectively for implanted and control mice. Neither of these differences was significant. Survival rates were determined for juveniles, sub-adults, and adults in a wild population. No significant differences were found in monthly disappearance or overwintering survival between implanted and control mice for any age or sex category. This study failed to reveal any deleterious effects caused by intraperitoneal implantation and it was concluded that implanted mice behaved normally.
Burn Injuries: The Social and Emotional Impact of Scarring

This article summarizes the current research on psychosocial burn rehabilitation with a focus on the social and emotional impact of scarring. The following topics are covered: an introduction to burn injuries, the epidemiology of burns, the stages of recovery from a major burn, the cultural and interpersonal stigmatization of burn survivors, predictors of body image, surgery and camouflage strategies for changing appearance, cognitive behavioral therapy for body image and social concerns, school reintegration, social advocacy for the human and civil rights of burn survivors and other people with visible distinctions, and future directions.
Behavior modification and human rights: A legacy of Edward Stanton Sulzer, 1930–1970

Edward Stanton Sulzer was born in New York City on June 4, 1930. He attended school in Laureltown, N.Y., until the age of 15, when, after two years of high school, he was admitted into the University of Chicago. Leaving prematurely due to his mother’s death, he returned to New York to work in film production. Sulzer completed his undergraduate work at the City College of New York, studying film production and psychology. In 1953 he entered the doctoral program in clinical psychology at Teachers College, Columbia. Spending two years in the Army during his graduate training, his work was completed in 1958. He then joined the faculty of the Upstate Medical School of the State University of New York, Department of Psychiatry, moving on two years later to the Psychiatry Department at the University of Minnesota. In 1965 Sulzer moved to assume the directorship of the Behavior Modification Program, in the Rehabilitation Institute at Southern Illinois University, where he remained until his death on February 28, 1970. In observance of the 10th anniversary of the death of Edward Stanton Sulzer, these reminiscences are presented. They describe how an individual psychologist could affect the professional and personal lives of many. Edward Sulzer is described in terms of the environment that shaped his values, how they affected the actions of his students and clients, and how they are reflected in current social policy. The account leads to a conclusion that the actions of single individuals may influence the course of human events.
Rosa multiflora’s performance under water stress: the role of positive and negative density-dependent intraspecific interactions

It is well known that biotic interactions may significantly alter plant population and community dynamics in natural ecosystems. Multiple studies have reported that density-dependent positive interactions can modify the effect of extreme stress on plant performance (in line with predictions by the stress gradient hypothesis, SGH). However, the performance of invasive species and the role of intraspecific density dependence, either negative or positive, in successful invasions are not well understood. In the present study, we tested if monocultures of Rosa multiflora, a highly invasive shrub, experience a group advantage under extremely low water availability. Using a manipulative greenhouse study, we tested the growth response of R. multiflora seedlings to a 4-level conspecific density treatment and a 4-level water availability gradient. Overall, our results provide preliminary evidence that biotic interactions under stressful conditions between R. multiflora individuals do not experience a group advantage, as predicted. Instead, our study indicates that seedling performance was strongly driven by negative density dependence, in which individuals grown at higher conspecific densities displayed lower plant performance, regardless of water availability. This demonstrates that R. multiflora experiences intense intraspecific competition even under a stressful, low resource environment. Thus, management efforts of R. multiflora need to ensure that re-sprouting of individuals after treatment is eliminated, as release from negative density dependence could lead the invader population to rebound.
Effects of Schema-Based Instruction on Immediate, Generalized, and Combined Structured Word Problems:

Instruction targeting the underlying math problem structure is identified as an evidence-based practice for students with a specific learning disability (SLD). Furthermore, schema-based instruction...
Leadership Challenges During a Period of Change: Unpacking a District’s Efforts to Diversify Its Teacher Workforce:

A superintendent initiates an equity focus in a small school district and experiences resistance from both school board members and principals. As the school district diversifies its teaching workf...
Pneumatic Dilation for Esophageal Achalasia

Current American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines consider pneumatic dilation (PD) the most effective nonsurgical treatment of achalasia. The aim of PD is to disrupt the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) by its forceful stretching using air-filled balloons. Currently PD is performed as an outpatient procedure in an ambulatory surgical center or hospital. High-resolution manometry and timed barium swallow should be performed prior to PD. We recommend initial PD with a 30 mm Rigiflex balloon. The most important part of PD is appropriate positioning of the balloon to see a good waist as confirmed by fluoroscopy. Following PD, the esophagus is assessed with barium esophagram to exclude an esophageal perforation. Esophageal perforation (approximately 1.9%) can be managed either by placement of esophageal stent or surgical repair. PD is comparable to surgical myotomy over at least 5 years, but 25% may require a repeat procedure. Older patients, women, and patients with type I and II achalasia are the best candidates for PD.
Association of prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus with hospitalization for mental health disorders in US adults.

Prurigo nodularis (PN) and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) are debilitating chronic pruritic diseases that can lead to and be exacerbated by psychosocial distress. However, little is known about the mental health (MH) comorbidities of PN/LSC. We sought to evaluate the likelihood and cost-burden of MH comorbidities and emergencies associated with PN/LSC. Data were examined from the 2002–2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, including a representative ~ 20% sample of US hospitalizations (n = 87,053,155 admissions). Inpatients with vs. without PN/LSC had higher odds of MH disorders overall (39.4% vs. 20.0%; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.26 [2.13–2.41]) and in all 15 individual MH disorders examined. Inpatients with vs. without PN/LSC were more likely to be admitted with a primary diagnosis of a MH disorder (4.5% vs. 2.2%; 2.16 [1.91–2.45]), particularly developmental, psychotic, and mood disorders, history of MH disorders or substance abuse, and cognitive disorders. PN/LSC were associated with prolonged inpatient length of stay, and an excess $0.69 million in inpatient costs of care indirectly related to hospitalization for MH disorders. In conclusion, inpatients with PN/LSC had increased likelihood of comorbid MH disorders and emergencies requiring hospitalization. Optimized approaches are needed for screening and managing MH comorbidities in PN/LSC.
A green approach to water‐based graphene ink with reverse coffee ring effect

In printing electronics, graphene is used as a functional material due to its excellent physical properties. Therefore, to prepare a conductive graphene ink that contains non-toxic and environment-friendly solvent is very important. Direct preparation of graphene from graphite using liquid-phase exfoliation process is beneficial since it is simple and easy to use. Here in this work, we have synthesized the graphene dispersion using ethanol and water by liquid-phase exfoliation method and prepared a conductive graphene ink that shows an absence of coffee ring formation during the evaporation of solvents. A film has been prepared using the prepared ink which shows the electrical resistivity 1.06 Ω-cm at temperature 300 °C.
A 40nm 100Kb 118.44TOPS/W Ternary-weight Computein-Memory RRAM Macro with Voltage-sensing Read and Write Verification for reliable multi-bit RRAM operation

RRAM is a promising candidate for compute-in-memory (CIM) applications owing to its natural multiply-and-accumulate (MAC)-supporting structure, high bit-density, non-volatility, and a monolithic CMOS and RRAM process. In particular, multi-bit encoding in RRAM cells helps support advanced applications such as AI with higher MAC throughput and bit-density. Notwithstanding prior efforts into commercializing RRAM technology, underlying challenges hinder the wide usage of RRAM [1]. As a circuit-domain approach to address the challenges, this paper presents a 101.4Kb ternary-weight RRAM macro with 256x256 cells supporting: (1) CIM for ternary weight networks by employing voltage-based read (RD) with active feedback surmounting a low resistance ratio (R-ratio) between the high resistance state (HRS) and the low resistance state (LRS) in high-endurance RRAM, and (2) iterative write with verification (IWR) to facilitate a reliable multi-bit encoding under a narrow margin. Compared to [2] supporting CIM with binary RRAM cells, this work provides 38.44x (=33x3/23x3) flexibility on 3x3 filters in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and 1.585x bit density improvement, thereby enabling advanced CIM applications with ternary weight networks.
Neurotransmitter transporters: new insights into structure, function and pharmacology

Neurotransmitter transporters on neurons and glial cells catalyze the uptake of neurotransmitter, and may serve to limit the activation of receptors during synaptic signaling. Over the past few years significant progress has been made toward a molecular understanding of neurotransmitter transporters in the CNS. The plasma membrane neurotransmitter carriers are comprised of two structurally- and mechanistically-distinct gene families, the Na+ and Cl(-)-dependent transporters that include the carriers for most of the classical CNS neurotransmitters and several additional carriers for amino acids and other substrates outside the nervous system. A second structurally distinct family of Na(+)-dependent carriers encompasses the excitatory amino acid transporters. For both carrier families the transport of substrate is coupled to the cotransport of sodium ions down a concentration gradient. Electrophysiological studies of neurotransmitter transporters indicate that many of the carriers are electrogenic and may operate in some ways similar to ion channels. In addition, emerging data indicate that these carriers not only function in the uptake of neurotransmitter, but also that as a consequence of their ability to alter the membrane potential they may have a broader role in regulating neuronal excitability and signaling mechanisms.
Hubs of knowledge: using the functional link structure in Biozon to mine for biologically significant entities.

Background Existing biological databases support a variety of queries such as keyword or definition search. However, they do not provide any measure of relevance for the instances reported, and result sets are usually sorted arbitrarily.