cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Study of Lateral Impact Behavior of Pressurized Pipelines

This paper presents a computational study to investigate the crash responses and collapse mechanisms of pipelines subjected to lateral impact. Influence of internal pressure of the pipelines on their lateral impact behavior is revealed through a serious of numerical crashworthiness analysis. FEA software package, LSDYNA, is used to model the pressurized pipelines and perform the crashworthiness analysis. The simulation results provide a substantial background for the future experimental study to completely investigate dynamic responses and failure modes of pipelines subjected to low-velocity lateral impact. The results presented in this paper also have potential benefits on research of safety and reliability of civil pipelines and development of advanced pipelines materials.
The Crisis in Scholarly Communication, Part II: Internal Impacts on the Library, with a Focus on Technical Services

This article, the second in a two-part series, focuses on the roles that various library departments can and should play in the development of a robust scholarly communication program. It discusses how the crisis in scholarly communication affects different work areas and groups of staff. A whole-library approach to addressing the crisis can reveal how each department's responsibilities require management of different scholarly communication issues. The article also addresses the ways in which technical services is particularly impacted by the crisis in scholarly communication in order to provide a more in-depth analysis of how a discrete work area within the library experiences the crisis.
Site-directed mutagenesis and yeast two-hybrid studies of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors: The Src homology-2 domain- containing protein hGrb10 binds to the autophosphorylated tyrosine residues in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor

To characterize the structural basis for the interaction between hGrb10 and the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, different mutant receptors containing a segment of deletion in either the juxtamembrane domain or in the C terminus of the receptors, or containing tyrosine-to-phenylalanine point mutations in these regions of the insulin receptor, were generated. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding studies of the interaction between the mutant receptors and hGrb10 revealed that tyrosine residues in these regions are not essential for the binding of hGrb10. To further identify the binding site for hGrb10, all conserved tyrosine residues in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor were replaced with either phenylalanine or alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations of all tyrosine residues in this region, except at positions 1162/1163, did not inhibit the binding of the receptor to hGrb10. The binding of the Src homology 2 domain of hGrb10 to the receptors was significantly...
The Infected Urachal Cyst: Primary Excision Versus a Staged Approach

AbstractPurpose: We compared outcomes following single or 2-stage repair of infected urachal cysts in the pediatric population.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 17 patients 1 day to 14 years old (median age 22 months) with a urachal cyst. Immediate cyst excision was performed in 6 patients without infection, while those with an abscess underwent single or 2-stage repair.Results: Median postoperative hospital stay for the urachal abscess group was 14 and 11.5 days for single and 2-stage procedures, respectively. After immediate excision postoperative complications developed in each case, although none occurred with a 2-stage approach.Conclusions: In the absence of infection, urachal cyst excision affords the most benign postoperative course. However, when infection is present, perioperative drainage with subsequent total excision, including a cuff of bladder, may offer the most effective surgical option.
Development of Smart Membrane Filters for Microbial Sensing

Abstract Recent efforts aimed at minimizing membrane fouling have emphasized an increasing demand for on-line monitoring in an effort to accurately predict membrane performance. The development of an in-situ bacterial monitoring system that is integrated within the membrane can meet that need. Because the target is bacterial monitoring, organic matter fouling must be controlled to avoid interference/masking of bacterial sensing as well as to prevent permeability loses. Combining bacterial monitoring with a membrane designed for fouling control is a novel and unique concept. We have produced a fouling-resistant membrane by attaching a stimuli-responsive polymer film on the surface, which offers the potential to collapse or expand the polymer film. A temperature decrease can cause the film to expand into a hydrophilic state while a temperature increase causes a collapse into a hydrophobic state. By continuously triggering the phase transition, the non-equilibrium movement of the polymer film may offer bette...
Coherent charge transport through molecular wires : Influence of strong Coulomb repulsion

We derive a master equation for the electron transport through molecular wires in the limit of strong Coulomb repulsion. This approach is applied to two typical situations: First, we study transport through an open conduction channel for which we find that the current exhibits an ohmic-like behaviour. Second, we explore the transport properties of a bridged molecular wire, where the current decays exponentially as a function of the wire length. For both situations, we discuss the differences to the case of non-interacting electrons.
Size scaling and spatial factors in visual attention.

This study investigates the effect of the visibility of near and far letter distractors on target processing by scaling the size of the distractor letters to compensate for changes in resolution across the visual field. In Experiment 1, scaled and unscaled distractors were presented at varied stimulus onset asynchronies. Results showed that scaling the size of disiractor letters in relation to their distance from the target was effective in producing strong compatibility effects. Scaled distractors presented prior to, or simultaneously with, the target were found to interfere with target processing whether they were near or far from the target. Experiment 2 used scaled distractors and varied the presentation location and the amount of time for processing prior to the presentation of the target. Compatibility effects were found to vary by location and by the exposure duration of the distractor. The finding of distance effects at far locations supports a space-based visual-attention mechanism with a wide attention beam (Steinman, Steinman, & Lehmkuhle, 1995).
High-density genomewide linkage analysis of exceptional human longevity identifies multiple novel loci.

Background Human lifespan is approximately 25% heritable, and genetic factors may be particularly important for achieving exceptional longevity. Accordingly, siblings of centenarians have a dramatically higher probability of reaching extreme old age than the general population.
Research Issues in OD Evaluation: Past, Present, and Future

Early OD evaluation concerns at the macrolevel dealt principally with research design complexities. Current microlevel research is concerned largely with technical issues related to the accurate measurement of change. It is suggested that future evaluation research should continue this macro- to micro- evolution by (1) reconciling certain current differences and testing new methodologies; (2) drawing on studies dealing with time-order error; and (3) investigating questions of “time interval” and “measurement span” associated with longitudinal research designs.
A Signal Processing Perspective to Stepping-stone Detection

Malicious use of anonymity techniques makes network attackers difficult to track. The problem is even worse in stepping-stone attacks, where multiple anonymous connections are linked to form an intrusion path. The tracking of a stepping-stone attacker requires the detection of all the connection pairs on the intrusion path. In this paper, we consider the problem of identifying a stepping-stone connection pair at an intermediate host. We formulate the problem as one of nonparametric hypotheses testing. Our attacker model allows the attacker to encrypt the traffic and modify the timing. We propose two algorithms which do not depend on the content of the traffic. Our techniques only make generic assumptions such as delay or memory constraints, and therefore they are applicable in most practical systems. We show that our algorithms can detect all the stepping-stone connections while falsely accusing normal traffic with exponentially-decaying probabilities.
Novel circuit styles for minimization of floating body effects in scaled PD-SOI CMOS

SOI (silicon-on-insulator) technology suffers from a number of floating body effects, most notably parasitic bipolar and history effects. These are influenced by the rapidly increasing gate tunneling current caused by an ultra-thin gate oxide, even at scaled V/sub DD/s. This paper analyzes these effects in detail and proposes a number of novel circuit styles to minimize them. Simulation results are based on model parameters from an AMD 0.25 /spl mu/m PD-SOI process.
On types of interneurons responding to visual stimulation present in the optic nerve of the rock lobster, Panulirus interruptus.

The classes of visually influenced interneurons in the optic peduncle of the rock lobster, Panulirus interruptus, were determined by single unit analysis. Each class has a restricted number of members. Eleven classes were distinguished, as follows. For light intensity discrimination: sustaining and dimming fibers. For recording movement of objects: fast, medium, jittery and light movement fibers. Seeing fibers perceive motions of both black and white objects and react with an afterdischarge when the object is stopped. Space constant fibers have the additional feature of change in location of their visual fields with body position, and each previous class has a member with this property. Unidirectional movement fibers and multimodal fibers form two further classes, of which especially the last is quite heterogeneous and divisible into numerous subclasses. It is discussed in how far the behavior of these interneuron classes may be refleced in the behavior of the animal.
Simulation of anteroseptal myocardial infarction by electrocardiographic filters.

Abstract Background Most electrocardiographs have high-pass filters that may be used to attenuate baseline wander due to respiratory artifact. However, the T wave also has low-frequency components and may be distorted by these filters. Our aim was to investigate the effect of high-pass filters on the ST segment. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers had a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recorded using a Bard EP Labsystem (Bard Inc, Lowell, Mass) at different high-pass filter settings (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz). ST-segment elevation or depression was measured using digital calipers at each setting and the electrocardiogram classified as being either normal or suggestive of myocardial infarction. Results There were no significant differences in ST elevation between 0.05- and 0.1-Hz filter settings. However, at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz, there was significant ST elevation in the right precordial leads and ST depression in the inferior leads. The greatest changes were observed in V2, with an ST elevation of 0.13 ± 0.08 and 0.18 ± 0.09 mV at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz, respectively (P Conclusions High-pass filters may distort the ST segment and simulate anteroseptal myocardial infarction. These filters should comply with current standards if used on electrocardiographs and be used with caution. In case of doubt, the tracings should be compared with minimally filtered recordings.
Complementation Analysis of Fibroblasts from Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Oxidation Deficient Patients Shows High Frequency of Bifunctional Enzyme Deficiency Plus Intragenic Complementation: Unequivocal Evidence for Differential Defects in the Same Enzyme Protein

In the last few years many patients have been reported with a defect in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation of unknown origin. Using a combined approach based on direct activity measurements of straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase and complementation analysis after somatic cell fusion of fibroblasts, we have now classified 13 patients into 4 distinct groups representing different gene defects. Remarkably, we found intragenic complementation in group 2 so that group 2 is in fact made up of 3 distinct subgroups. The underlying basis for this peculiar phenomenon probably has to do with the fact that bifunctional protein harborstwocatalytic activities including enoyl-CoA hydrataseand3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In group 2A enoyl-CoA hydrataseand3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase are defective whereas in group 2B and 2C either the hydrataseor3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase component of the bifunctional protein is deficient.
RNA Editing in Hepatitis Delta Virus

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) relies heavily on host functions and on structural features of the viral RNA. A good example of this reliance is found in the process known as HDV RNA editing, which requires particular structural features in the HDV antigenome, and a host RNA editing enzyme, ADAR1. During replication, the adenosine at the amber/W site in the HDV antigenome is edited to inosine. As a result, the amber stop codon in the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) open reading frame is changed to a tryptophan codon and the reading frame is extended by 19 or 20 codons. Because these extra amino acids alter the functional properties of HDAg, this change serves a critical purpose in the HDV replication cycle. Analysis of the RNA secondary
Impurity in a d-wave superconductor: Kondo effect and STM spectra.

We present a theory for recent STM studies of Zn impurities in the superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$, using insights from NMR experiments which show that there is a net $S\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1/2$ moment on the Cu ions near the Zn. We argue that the Kondo spin dynamics of this moment is the origin of the low bias peak in the differential conductance, rather than a resonance in a purely potential scattering model. The spatial and energy dependence of the STM spectra of our model can also fit the experiments.
Self-Health Care among the Elderly A Test of the Health-Behavior Model

Data from a U.S. sample of 714 respondents aged 55 years and over were used to test the efficacy of the health-behavior model for explaining self-health care practices and attitudes. Three different indicators of self-health care, including a measure of actual self-care behavior and two attitudinal indicators, normative self-care response and global self-care, were employed in this work. Hierarchical ordinary least squares regression modeling yielded R2s consistent with those reported in the extant literature on health-services utilization. A difference with this literature, however, was that the net contribution of predisposing characteristics was found to be larger than that of enabling and need characteristics combined for all three indicators of self-health care.
Choosing a standard reactor: International competition and domestic politics in Chinese nuclear policy

China has ambitious plans to expand its nuclear power capacity. One of the policy goals that high-level policymakers have desired is to base the nuclear program on a standardized reactor design. However, this has not materialized so far. By examining its nuclear reactor choices for individual projects, we argue that China's policymaking process has been greatly influenced by international competition and domestic politics. Multiple international nuclear vendors are intent upon maintaining their respective niches in the expanding Chinese reactor market, and they have used various forms of economic and political pressure to achieve their objectives. On the other hand, China's policymaking process is frag- mented and the shifting power balances among powerful domestic actors do not allow a fixed path to be followed. Further, because of the high costs and potential profits involved, nuclear reactor choices in China have been driven not just by technical considerations but also by foreign and trade policy objectives. All of these make it unlikely that China will standardize the reactor type it constructs in the near future.
Potential Attenuation of Disease Progression in Recurrent Prostate Cancer With Plant-Based Diet and Stress Reduction

A rising level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), after primary surgery or radiation therapy, is the hallmark of recurrent prostate cancer and is often the earliest sign of extraprostatic spread in patients who are otherwise asymptomatic. While hormonal therapy may slightly extend survival in a minority of patients, it is not curative and produces side effects including hot flashes, decreased libido, and loss of bone mass. Alternatively, dietary modification may offer an important tool for clinical management. Epidemiologic studies have associated the Western diet not only with prostate cancer incidence but also with a greater risk of disease progression after treatment. Conversely, many elements of plant-based diets have been associated with reduced risk of progression. However, dietary modification can be stressful and difficult to implement. We therefore conducted a 6-month pilot clinical trial to investigate whether adoption of a plant-based diet, reinforced by stress management training, could attenuate the rate of further PSA rise. Urologists at the University of California, San Diego, and San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Centers recruited 14 patients with recurrent prostate cancer. A pre-post design was employed in which each patient served as his own control. Rates of PSA rise were ascertained for each patient for the following periods: from the time of posttreatment recurrence up to the start of the study (prestudy) and from the time immediately preceding the intervention (baseline) to the end of the intervention (0-6 months). There was a significant decrease in the rate of PSA rise from prestudy to 0 to 6 months (P < .01). Four of 10 evaluable patients experienced an absolute reduction in their PSA levels over the entire 6-month study. Nine of 10 had a reduction in their rates of PSA rise and an improvement of their PSA doubling times. Median PSA doubling time increased from 11.9 months (prestudy) to 112.3 months (intervention). These results provide preliminary evidence that adoption of a plant-based diet, in combination with stress reduction, may attenuate disease progression and have therapeutic potential for clinical management of recurrent prostate cancer.
Comparison of the Memory Performance Index With Standard Neuropsychological Measures of Cognition

The Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (MCIS) is a computer-based cognitive assessment designed for clinical and research use in detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Performance on the MCIS is reported as the Memory Performance Index (MPI). However, the comparability between the MPI and traditional neuropsychological tests in detecting aMCI, and in differentiating it from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal aging has not been examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the validity of the MPI relative to standard neuropsychological measures. Participants included 12 individuals diagnosed with aMCI, 49 with mild AD, and 25 healthy elderly. The MCIS significantly discriminated among aMCI, AD, and healthy elderly controls. The MCIS is effective in detecting aMCI, and in discriminating it from cognitive changes observed in AD and normal aging. The MCIS may be a valuable tool in the identification of elderly at high risk for dementia due to its ease-of-use and brief administration time.
Providing Secrecy Irrespective of Eavesdropper's Channel State

A usual concern against physical layer security is that the legitimate parties would need to have (partial) channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper in order to design transmission schemes that provide secrecy. In this work, to overcome this concern, we consider the model where the eavesdropper's CSI is completely unknown at the legitimate transmitter(s) and the receiver. A static channel setting, and multiple antennas are considered for all parties, and it is assumed that the eavesdropper has perfect self-CSI. In this setting, assuming that the legitimate parties can employ a larger number of antennas than the eavesdropper, we provide a positive secure communication rate in the sense of strong secrecy. The achievable (guaranteed) secrecy rate we derive for the MIMO wiretap channel matches its converse in terms of secure degrees of freedom. As a side result of our approach, we also derive the secure degrees of freedom region for the MIMO MAC-wiretap channel where the transmitters and the intended receiver have the same number of antennas.
Metal Contents of Silver and Gold Ingots and Coins from 16TH-18TH Century Spanish Shipwrecks

Neutron activation analysis of metal-rubbing samples from over 500 silver and gold bars and coins resulted in data for the silver, copper, and gold contents of the objects. The analysis of gold coins (from a 1715 shipwreck) minted in Bogota also showed detectable levels of the metal iridium (>0.002%) whereas gold coins from other mints did not. The presence of detectable iridium, therefore, might serve as a diagnostic indicator of early 18th century gold of Colombian origin. Data are also given for silver and gold ingots from a (ca. 1520s) shipwreck off the coast of the Bahamas and for silver bars from the 1622 Atocha shipwreck.
Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus to Methicillin and Other Antibiotics In Vitro and In Vivo in the Presence of HAMLET

HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a protein-lipid complex from human milk with both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities. HAMLET exerts a rather specific bactericidal activity against some respiratory pathogens, with highest activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but lacks activity against most other bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococci. Still, ion transport associated with death in S. pneumoniae is also detected to a lower degree in insensitive organisms. In this study we demonstrate that HAMLET acts as an antimicrobial adjuvant that can increase the activity of a broad spectrum of antibiotics (methicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and erythromycin) against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, to a degree where they become sensitive to those same antibiotics, both in antimicrobial assays against planktonic and biofilm bacteria and in an in vivo model of nasopharyngeal colonization. We show that HAMLET exerts these effects specifically by dissipating the proton gradient and inducing a sodium-dependent calcium influx that partially depolarizes the plasma membrane, the same mechanism induced during pneumococcal death. These effects results in an increased cell associated binding and/or uptake of penicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin, especially in resistant stains. Finally, HAMLET inhibits the increased resistance of methicillin seen under antibiotic pressure and the bacteria do not become resistant to the adjuvant, which is a major advantageous feature of the molecule. These results highlight HAMLET as a novel antimicrobial adjuvant with the potential to increase the clinical usefulness of antibiotics against drug resistant strains of S. aureus.
Ribonucleic acid in canine mast cell granules and the possible interrelationship of mast cells and plasma cells.

RNase-sensitive pyroninophilia has been demonstrated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine mast cell granules and it was concluded that these granules contain RNA. When combined with (1) the observed morphologic similarities between mast cells and plasma cells, (2) the presence of common distinctive ultrastructures, (3) the differentiation of both cells from a common precursor and (4) the participation in a common reaction, the presence of RNA in mast cell granules is offered as additional evidence for a mast cell-plasma cell relationship. A proposed functional relationship between these two cells is discussed and the “plasma mast cell” is proposed as a possible transitional form between mast cells and plasma cells.
Characterizing tolerance to trichloroethylene (TCE): effects of repeated inhalation of TCE on performance of a signal detection task in rats

Previous work showed that rats develop tolerance to the acute behavioral effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on signal detection if they inhale TCE while performing the task and that this tolerance depends more upon learning than upon changes in metabolism of TCE. The present study sought to characterize this tolerance by assessing signal detection in rats during three phases of TCE exposures. Tolerance was induced in Phase 1 (daily 1-h test sessions concurrent with TCE exposure), extinguished in Phase 2 (daily tests in air with intermittent probe tests in TCE), and reinduced in Phase 3. Original induction in Phase 1 required 2 weeks, whereas reinduction in Phase 3 required less than 1 week. Tolerance persisted for 2 (accuracy) or 8 weeks [response time] in Phase 2 and was resistant to changes in test conditions in Phase 3. The slow induction, gradual extinction, savings during reinduction and lack of disruption from altered test conditions suggest mediation by instrumental learning processes. These data and most other evidence for behavioral tolerance to solvents can be explained by solvent-induced loss of reinforcement.
Short-term effect of aldosterone on Na-Cl transport across equine colon

In ponies fed concentrated (pelleted) meals, postprandial increases of plasma aldosterone have been temporally associated with a decrease in colonic fluid volume that parallels the conclusion of postfeeding fermentation. To determine the significance of short-term increases of plasma aldosterone on the rate of colonic Na absorption, in vitro transport studies were conducted on the mucosae of three morphologically distinct colonic segments (i.e., ventral, dorsal, and small colons) from ponies infused with a high physiological concentration of aldosterone for an 8-h period. In control ponies, basal NaCl absorption across the proximal colon (ventral and dorsal colons) was amiloride-insensitive and electroneutral. In aldosterone-treated ponies, the rate of electroneutral Na absorption was doubled in both segments and a small, amiloride-sensitive current was detected in the dorsal colon. However, consistent with previous observations [Clarke and Argenzio. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 22): G62-G69, 1990], expression of electroneutral Na absorption in the ventral colon required pretreatment of the tissues with an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, i.e., indomethacin. In the distal (small) colon, basal absorption was entirely electrogenic and amiloride-sensitive, and aldosterone treatment tripled the rate of absorption. The above findings are consistent with the notion that postprandial hyperaldosteronism can significantly increase colonic Na absorption and, thereby, may facilitate colonic fluid absorption during the concluding period of meal-induced fermentation (8-12 h postfeeding). However, in the ventral colon (i.e., the principal site of fermentation), mineralocorticoid action does not dominate control of electroneutral Na transport because accelerated absorption could be abolished by the antiabsorptive effect of local prostanoids.
Treatment of unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer in the VA population: Does it improve survival?

15121 Background: Locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma present as a treatment challenge because of poor outcomes with current treatment modalities. Therapy of unresectable or m...
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DIFFERENCES IN CISPLATIN RESISTANT CELLS

Acquired resistance frequently develops in humans after the initial use of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CP). Furthermore, both clinical and laboratory results suggest tumor cells with resistance to CP are often cross resistant to other structurally and mechanistically distinct agents. For example, the human squamous cell carcinoma SCC25/CP, which has 12-fold acquired resistance to CP, is also approximately 7-fold resistant to methotrexate, 5-fold resistant to melphalan and 3-fold resistant to cyclophosphamide (Kelley et al., 1988). Studies with other cells suggest CP resistance can be associated with cross resistance to x-radiation in human tumor cell lines (Schwartz et al., 1988). Thus, brief or repeated exposure to CP can lead to cross resistance to other cancer therapeutics but the mechanism for the drug cross-resistance is not known. Moreover, the generation of anticancer drug cross-resistance is not unique to CP and can be seen with other agents. Because many anticancer agents are genotoxic, altered gene expression might occur after drug treatment. Indeed, increased gene expression is frequently seen in cells with acquired resistance to anticancer drugs. The focus of the work described in this manuscript has been to examine the mechanistic basis for alter gene expression in a human cell line with acquired resistance to CP.
The Enzymic Synthesis of Rubber

Abstract Studies of the mechanism of biosynthesis of rubber in seedlings and cultured tissues of guayule have established that the carbon of the isoprenoid chain can be derived exclusively from acetate, and flax enzyme preparations have indicated that the branched chain acids, β-methyl crotonic acid and β-methyl-β- hydroxyglutaric acid are probably intermediates in the formation of the basic isoprenoid unit. However, the requirement for intact plants or tissue cultures has made detailed studies of the biosynthesis of rubber difficult. We have now observed that incubation of C14-labelled acetate results in the incorporation of radioactivity into rubber.
Nuclear targeted silver nanospheres perturb the cancer cell cycle differently than those of nanogold.

Plasmonic nanoparticle research has become increasingly active due to potential uses in biomedical applications. However, little is known about the intracellular effects these nanoparticles have on mammalian cells. The aim of this work is to investigate whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugated with nuclear and cytoplasmic targeting peptides exhibit the same intracellular effects on cancer cells as peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nuclear and cytoplasmic targeting spherical AgNPs with a diameter of 35 nm were incubated in a cancer (HSC-3) and healthy (HaCat) cell line. By utilizing flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and real-time dark field imaging, we were able to analyze how targeting AgNPs affect the cell cycle and cell division. These experiments demonstrated that nuclear-targeting AgNPs cause DNA double-strand breaks and a subsequent increase in the sub G1 (apoptotic) population in our cancer cell model at much lower concentrations than previously reported for nuclear targeting ...
Erythrocyte enigmas in cystic fibrosis.

SummaryCystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by exocrine hyperexcretion of sodium and calcium, and several studies have suggested abnormalities of these transport functions in the CF erythrocyte. The present study analyzed the functions of the sodiumpotassium ion exchange pump and the calcium extrusion pump of the erythrocytes of CF patients and found them to be equivalent to those of paired age and sex-matched normals, therefore, no evidence could be found to support a primary genetic defect in the CF erythrocyte.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium paradoxum Strain JW-YL-7

Clostridium paradoxum strain JW-YL-7 is a moderately thermophilic anaerobic alkaliphile isolated from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Athens, GA. We report the near-complete genome sequence of C. paradoxum strain JW-YL-7 obtained by using PacBio DNA sequencing and Pilon for sequence assembly refinement with Illumina data.
Examination on efficacy of disinfecting aerosol in disinfection of influenza virus

[Objective] To explore the efficacy of “Disinfecting Aerosol” in disinfection of influenza virus. [Method] Result of disinfection were tested not only by the tube method, but also after the simulated field spray. [Result] The inactivation exponent of the sample was higher than 100,000 and the inactivation rate exceeded 99.999% on the infectivity of A/Wuhan/359/95(H3N2) by the tube method, and the infectivity of the virus in chick embryo had a 76.9% reduction in the simulated field spray test. According to statistics, χ 2=10.42,P0.005. [Conclusion] The efficacy of the “Disinfecting Aerosol” in disinfection of influenza virus is outstanding in laboratory.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in an infertile population.

Objective The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in an infertile population. Design The study design included a retrospective anonymous survey of clinical data and screening for HIV-1 antibody by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) in stored sera. Samples that were ELISA-positive were further tested by Western blot assay. Frequency distributions were analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Setting University tertiary care center. Participants Based on availability of stored frozen sera, the total study population included 182 of 304 consecutively registered infertile couples. Results Seventy-five percent of the study population were found to have one or more risk factors for HIV infection. Of the 252 sera tested, 10 were repeatedly reactive by ELISA, and Western blot testing confirmed HIV-1 infection in one woman and two men. Conclusions This relatively high HIV-1 seroprevalence (male: 2.6%; female: 0.6%) in a low-middle class infertile population emphasizes the urgent need to implement on-site HIV-infection counseling aimed at preventing the spread of disease to the healthy partner and fetus and to discuss therapeutic and reproductive options.
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Update

The treatment of diabetes is still a problem more than a half-century after the discovery of insulin. Patients are now living significantly longer but until the development of oral hypoglycemic agents, the only direct treatment modalities were exercise, diet, and insulin. Before evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, a therapeutic goal must be determined. While there are no absolutely "hard" facts proving that "good control" is beneficial in preventing chronic complications of diabetes, increasing accumulation of "soft" data strongly suggests that normal blood glucose levels are most desirable, when possible, but not at the cost of severe or disabling hypoglycemic reactions. The development of the oral agents was a great public health advance in that many persons with early diabetes, but fearful of insulin injections, had less dread of "the pills" and sought treatment. The oral agents simplified care but this very simplification process often undermined the need for proper diet and good fundamental care. This often led to mediocre diabetes care. While useful, the oral agents have marked limitations and in some are effective only temporarily. The presently available oral agents are sulfonylureas and require a viable beta-cell system for success. This limits the number of diabetics responsive to such treatment. The general indications for tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide and tolazamide are in maturity-onset diabetics, generally beyond the age of 40 with diabetes of less than 10 years. They are contraindicated in juvenile-onset diabetics, in pregnant women, and usually in patients undergoing major surgery, and can become ineffective during periods of extreme stress or during severe infection. They can lower blood glucose levels if used in proper doses in properly selected patients. Contrary to several decades of documentation, it has become popular to suggest that the oral agents are not effective. They can be effective but for many reasons apparently were not in their use by the U.G.D.P. researchers. This might not be the fault of the oral agent used. If ineffective, they should be discontinued. Many, but not all, patients may respond to diet therapy, which is then the treatment of choice. Obviously insulin, though difficult to use for many persons and in itself able to induce several severe reactions if not used properly, is the only treatment (with diet) for the severe diabetic. There is a large spectrum of patients inbetween in whom the oral agents may be useful. The use of phenformin (phenethyl-biguanide) has been effectively curtailed because of many reported cases of lactic acidosis, and while it is doubtful that phenformin alone, in the absence of complicating factors, is the causative factor, it is capable of being an augmenting influence when other conditions, such as decreased kidney function, prevail...
The paradox of Foxd3: how does it function in pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells?

Uncommitted cells of the early mammalian embryo transition through distinct stages of pluripotency, including establishment of ground state “naive” pluripotency in the early epiblast, transition to a post-implantation “primed” state, and subsequent lineage commitment of the gastrulating epiblast. Previous transcriptional profiling of in vitro models to recapitulate early to late epiblast transition and differentiation suggest that distinct gene regulatory networks are likely to function in each of these states. While the mechanisms underlying transition between pluripotent states are poorly understood, the forkhead family transcription factor Foxd3 has emerged as a key regulatory factor. Foxd3 is required to maintain pluripotent cells of the murine epiblast and for survival, self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Two recent, simultaneous studies have shed light on how Foxd3 regulates gene expression in early cell fate transitions of progenitor cells. While the two publications shared some common findings, they also presented some conflicting results and suggest different models for the mechanisms underlying Foxd3 function. Here, we discuss the key similarities and differences between the publications, highlight data from the literature relevant to their findings, and hypothesize a potential mechanism of Foxd3 action.
LTE wireless private network planning in electric power system

In view of the problems of electric power wireless communication, based on the network structure and link budget, the parameter configuration and coverage in the wireless network planning are analyzed, and a new method of wireless network planning in electric power system is proposed. In the simulation of network planning, through the method of data processing and comparative analysis, the practicability of planning scheme is verified. The network planning scheme provides a technology support for electric power communication access network construction and operation management and lays the foundations for popularization and application of LTE power wireless private network.
An Interdisciplinary Design Education Framework

Over the last decade many educational programs have integrated methodologies of design thinking across a variety of curriculums. This has cast a welcome light on creative processes and facilitated ...
AAV gene delivery to the spinal cord: serotypes, methods, candidate diseases, and clinical trials.

Introduction: Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery to the spinal cord has finally entered the pathway towards regulatory approval. Phase 1 clinical trials using AAV gene thera...
AF classification from ECG recording using feature ensemble and sparse coding

Introduction: The aim of the Physionet/CinC Challenge 2017 is to automatically classify atrial fibrillation (AF) from a short single lead ECG recording. The Challenge provides 8,528 labeled ECG recordings; each recording was labeled as normal, AF, other, or noisy. In addition, the Challenge provides sample code which includes an R-peak detector and a simple classifier. Algorithm: We use an ensemble of features extracted from the ECG signals to create a four-class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Included in the feature set are statistics obtained from the ECG signal, its spectrum, and the RR-intervals. In addition, we learn a 32-element sparse coding dictionary on the sorted RR-intervals of the ECG signals. Using the dictionary, we calculate a sparse coefficient vector for each training sample and put these through a soft-margin linear SVM. The soft-margin scores are used as additional features in the final classifier. Results: Our algorithm achieves cross-validated F1 scores of 0.874, 0.756, and 0.689 (for normal, AF, and other files, respectively), resulting in afinal cross-validated challenge score of0.773. The score when tested on a subset of the unknown data is 0.78 (with F1 scores of 0.88, 0.80, 0.65). The official challenge score was 0.77. Conclusions: We developed an algorithm to classify ECG recordings as normal, AF, other, or noisy. Our results show that sparse coding is an effective way to define discriminating features from a list of sorted RR-intervals. In addition, these sparse codes complement more commonly used features in the classification task. Further work will attempt to increase the accuracy of the algorithm by exploring other features and classifiers while still using sparse coding as an unsupervised feature extractor.
Exemple d’un dispositif de prévention des risques psychosociaux dans un groupe industriel du secteur nucléaire, dans un contexte de réorganisations

La vie d’un groupe industriel comporte parfois des etapes delicates telles que scissions/fusions d’entites ou encore de Plans de Sauvegarde de l’Emploi. L’entreprise peut alors s’appuyer sur des competences, externes ou internes afin de prevenir ou de minimiser de potentiels impacts organisationnels, collectifs ou individuels. Par leur connaissance detaillee du milieu de travail et a travers leurs interactions avec les equipes pluridisciplinaires, les medecins du travail y apportent leur expertise et y jouent un role pivot, mettant en coherence ces trois etages de la prevention des alterations psychosociales. Nous nous proposons de decrire les dispositifs originaux mis en place au sein de notre groupe, et presenter les strategies innovantes homogenes permises par notre structure particuliere de service sante groupe. Notre presentation detaillera les roles occupes par chaque protagoniste de la prevention des risques psychosociaux (RPS) : service de sante au travail, equipe Strategie Sociale, sphere RH, CHSCT, Dispositif d’ecoute et d’accompagnement (DEA). Nous presenterons egalement des exemples concrets d’accompagnements collectifs du changement a travers l’evaluation initiale des risques puis la gestion de points de vigilance declinee sous forme de plans d’action. Ces points de vigilance sont identifies a travers les travaux de groupes de travail pluridisciplinaires specifiques, ou les CHSCT notamment. Les processus de transformation sociale y sont analyses a l’aide d’une « grille d’impact potentiel du changement », permettant de construire un plan d’action particulier a l’echelle de l’unite de travail consideree. Ce systeme efficace mis en place constitue un des fers de lance du service medical. Il permet d’engager le dialogue social, et de favoriser le maintien dans l’emploi.
Psychological Response of Children to Shootings and Hostage Situations

Despite the seemingly endless news coverage of sensationalized stories of children as victims of shooting, kidnapping, and hostage situations, it has been noted that the empirical literature on the psychological sequelae of these experiences is rather meager (Forehand, Long, Zogg, & Parrish, 1989), and few longitudinal studies exist (Nader, Pynoos, Fairbanks, & Frederick, 1990). National crime statistics in the United States point out that between 25,000 and 100,000 children a year are the victims of parental kidnapping (Shetky & Haller, 1983), and in 1988 alone, between 200 and 300 children were kidnapped or held hostage by assailants unknown to them (Finkelhor, Hotaling, & Sedlak, 1990). Estimates suggest that over 3 million children annually witness violence in the home (Silvern & Kaersyang, 1989).
Nonneutralizing antibody against the glycoprotein K of herpes simplex virus type-1 exacerbates herpes simplex virus type-1-induced corneal scarring in various virus-mouse strain combinations.

Purpose. To determine whether the exacerbation of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) induced corneal scarring that the authors reported previously in HSV-I glycoprotein K (gK) vaccinated BALB/c mice challenged with HSV-I strain McKrae was a general phenomenon independent of virus and mouse strains. To determine the gK-induced immune response leading to exacerbation of HSV-1-induced corneal scarring. Methods. BALB/c or CS7BL/6 mice were vaccinated with gK, ocularly challenged with HSV-I strain KOS or McKrae, and the relative amount of corneal scarring determined 28 days after challenge. The T cells, total serum, or purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from gK-vaccinated mice was transferred individually to naive mice, and the affects on corneal scarring after HSV-1 challenge were determined. Results. The KOS challenge of gK-vaccinated BALB/c mice resulted in significant corneal scarring (P = 0.0003), despite the fact that KOS normally produces no corneal scarring. McKrae challenge of gK-vaccinated C57BL/6 mice resulted in significant corneal scarring (P < 0.0001), despite the fact that C57BL/6 mice are normally refractory to HSV-l-induced corneal scarring. Passive transfer of total anti-gK mouse sera or purified anti-gK mouse IgG, but not adoptive tranfer of total anti-gK T-cells to naive mice, resulted in exacerbation of corneal scarring after HSV-1 challenge (P < 0.0001). Mice defective for T-cell-dependent antibody production were not susceptible to exacerbation of HSV-1-induced corneal scarring by gK vaccination (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. The ability of gK vaccination to exacerbate HSV-l-induced corneal scarring was not mouse strain or HSV-1 strain specific. The gK-induced exacerbation of corneal scarring was related to anti-gK IgG. How anti-gK IgG exacerbated HSV-I induced corneal scarring remains to he determined.
Spin-optotronic Properties of Organometal Halide Perovskites.

Spin is an intrinsic quantum mechanical property of fundamental particles including the electron. The spin property is intimately related to electronic and optical properties of molecules and materials. The combination of spin (magnetic), electronic, and optical properties of materials, such as organometal halide perovskites (OMHP), has attracted increasing attention, which has led to a new field termed spin-optotronics based on all three key properties. This growing field has implications in emerging technological applications across disciplines, including photonics, electronics, spintronics, quantum computation, and information storage. This Perspective provides a brief introduction to this field from both experimental and computational aspects, with a focus on the effect of spin on charge carrier dynamics in OMHP, a class of materials with novel properties and promising applications in a number of fields. For instance, recent studies have demonstrated the use of ultrafast laser techniques in probing th...
Singing Dry: Music and Temperance in the United States and Canada, 1871–1900

AbstractMusic was an integral component of the Dry movement, particularly during the last decades of the nineteenth century when the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and other like-minded organiz...
A surprising rearrangement of a carbeneethylene sulfide ylide

Photolysis of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-5,5-dipropyl-Δ3-1,3,4 oxadiazoline in methylene chloride produces 4 diazo-heptane which can undergo secondary photolysis to form dipropylcarbene. Dipropylcarbene reacts with ethylene sulfide to form a ylide which rearranges to form a vinyl sulfide. Calculations indicate that this rearrangement is a concerted and asynchronous process in the gas phase.
In-process monitoring of porosity in additive manufacturing using optical emission spectroscopy

A key challenge in metal additive manufacturing is the prevalence of defects, such as discontinuities within the part (e.g., porosity). The objective of this work is to monitor porosity in Laser Po...