cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Mediated Growth Thresholds of Acrobasis vaccinii (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Degree-day models link ambient temperature to the development of insects, making such models valuable tools in integrated pest management. These models increase management efficacy by quantifying and predicting pest phenology. In Wisconsin, the top insect pest of cranberry production is the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Control of this species is often complicated by the fact that the larvae feed entirely within the fruit. Timing of control tactics, therefore, is critical and generally targets the adult and egg stages. However, the commencement of oviposition and egg hatch are extremely difficult to track empirically, forcing pest management strategies to rely on proxy events that are more apparent but less informative as indicators of cranberry fruitworm egg presence. This research provides the upper and lower temperature-mediated growth thresholds of this pest, which represents the first steps toward the creation of a degree-day model. Using field-collected A. vaccinii, we reared the larvae within cranberry fruit and monitored larval growth at nine different constant temperatures. We determined the average growth rate at each temperature and modeled growth rates as a function of temperature. We then calculated the precise upper and lower developmental temperature thresholds of this species. Future work will be able to use these thresholds to generate degree-day accumulations that correspond to phenological events in the field, providing a powerful predictive tool for pest management in cranberry production.
Concepts in Contrast: Demonstrating Disparate Leadership Styles through The Last Castle

The Last Castle provides a unique opportunity to contrast two opposing leadership styles and examine a wide range of organi-zational behavior concepts through examples exhibited by both the antagonist and protagonist. In the movie, famed and highly decorated army general Eugene Irwin is sent to a maximum security military prison for disobeying an order that yielded a negative outcome. Colonel Winter, the prison warden admires Irwin prior to meeting him, but their leadership values clash because Winter uses suspect methods in order to maintain disci-pline in the prison. Although General Irwin tries to avoid a leadership role, the unjust treatment of the inmates cannot be ignored. As any capable leader would, Irwin takes command of the situation. In general, various scenes in the movie show traits, motives, behaviors, and style. In particular, students can examine specific personality traits, leadership motives, charis-ma and transformational characteristics, consideration and structure, leadership grid styles, contingency and situational leadership, crisis leadership, and leadership ethics. This presentation includes a six-page handout designed to systemati-cally guide students through an analysis of the movie as it aligns with organizational behavior and leadership concepts. Although the handout corresponds to a particular textbook, the concepts and vocabulary can be readily adjusted to many or-ganizational behavior and leadership textbooks.
Epoxy-Carbonyl Conformation of Graphene Oxides

The structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of graphene oxide are studied by employing a particle swarm optimization search along with density functional theory calculations. We report a novel low-energy semiconducting configuration for the C2O phase of graphene oxide that consists of a combination of 1,2 and 1,3-epoxides as well as carbonyl functional groups running along the armchair direction. A detailed analysis of the corrugation and bonding reveals unique features of the new conformation in conformity with experimental observations. Our findings shed light on structural and electronic characteristics that are essential for future improvement of graphene-based nanodevices.
Mechanoactive materials in cardiac science

Over 4000 people in the US are on the heart transplant waiting list. The lack of donor hearts and complications with ventricular assist devices motivates the development of alternative solutions for end stage heart disease patients. Mechanically active biomaterials such as shape memory materials, liquid crystal elastomers, dielectric elastomer actuators, and conductive polymers could be used in mechanical devices to augment heart function or condition cardiac cells and artificial tissues for regenerative medicine solutions. These materials are likened to natural muscle, with applications varying from intraventricular devices, ventricular support, and annuloplasty rings. Other novel materials in cardiac science are also discussed along with their potential application for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Development of a Sustainable Perchlorate-Free Yellow Pyrotechnic Signal Flare

Novel yellow-light emitting pyrotechnic compositions absent perchlorate oxidizers were investigated for use in the Mk 144 marine smoke and illumination signal. In laboratory-scale testing, three candidate formulations met or surpassed performance metrics of luminous intensity, dominant wavelength, color purity, and burn time when compared to a mock Mk 144 formulation which currently utilizes the environmentally hazardous potassium perchlorate. Also, one identified formulation does not utilize any barium compounds which may be the focus of future regulations. Furthermore, these candidate systems exhibited similar insensitivity to electrostatic, friction, and impact ignition stimuli in comparison to the mock Mk 144 formulation. Therefore, replacement formulations for the Mk 144 marine smoke and illumination signal have been identified with increased performance, environmental sustainability, and acceptable safety characteristics.
Targeting cell adhesion molecules with nanoparticles using in vivo and flow-based in vitro models of atherosclerosis:

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide; in addition to lipid dysfunction, chronic arterial wall inflammation is a key component of atherosclerosis. Techniques that target cell adhesion molecules, which are overexpressed during inflammation, are effective methods to detect and treat atherosclerosis. Specifically, research groups have identified vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin) as correlated to atherogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent strategies both in vivo and in vitro that target cell adhesion molecules. First, we discuss peptide-based and antibody (Ab)-based nanoparticles utilized in vivo for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Second, we discuss flow-based in vitro models that serve to reduce the traditional disadvantages of in vivo studies such as variability, time to develop the disease, and ethical burden, but preserve physiological rel...
Robustness of control systems with respect to disturbance model uncertainty

Abstract The problem of control system performance robustness with respect to disturbance model uncertainty is addressed. The performance index considered is the output variance. The disturbance model is assumed to be a linear filter with uncertain parameters driven by standard white noise. Both analysis and synthesis problems are investigated. In the analysis part, an analytical method for investigating performance robustness is presented. In the synthesis part, several methods for designing controllers with guaranteed robustness are proposed. The development is motivated and illustrated by an aircraft example.
Evaluation of Three Hydration Strategies in Detection Dogs Working in a Hot Environment.

Physical activity in hot environments can increase the risk of heat stress or heat stroke in dogs. Heat tolerance is influenced by acclimatization to the environment, physical fitness and hydration state. Three common strategies to promote hydration in working dogs are free access to water, oral electrolyte solutions and administration of subcutaneous fluids. None of these methods have been compared for safety or efficacy in a working environment. In a cross-over design, 7 vehicle-screening canines were randomly assigned to each of the 3 hydration strategies during working shifts at the Sarita, TX checkpoint. Physical, behavioral and biochemical parameters were collected before, during and after a work shift (mean 5.7 +/- 0.8 hours). Dogs were given 10 ml/kg oral water (W), 10 ml/kg chicken flavored oral electrolyte solution (OES), or 15 ml/kg of subcutaneous fluids (SQ) initially followed by controlled access to water or OES. The dogs drank 15.61 ± 4.47 ml/kg/hr of water and OES when in the OES group, compared to 7.04 ± 3.42 mls and 5.56 ±4.40 of water, for the water and SQ groups respectively. The median environmental temperature was 84.8F (29.3C). The median humidity was 70%. Based on mixed effects linear modeling, dogs in the OES and SQ groups had significantly higher total CO2, and lower packed cell volume and total plasma protein at the end of the day. Creatinine increased a small but significant amount in the SQ group and decreased in the OES group. Searching behaviors were independent of hydration strategy but highly related to the dog specific factors of sex, breed and activity level. Under conditions of controlled activity in moderate heat and humidity, dogs accustomed to the work and the environment were more likely to increase fluid consumption and hydration when provided a flavored OES. Potential benefits of OES and SQ were indirect and no adverse effects were documented for any of the hydration strategies tested.
Maternal reporting of child psychopathology: The effect of defensive responding

Defensive Responding is a term to describe strategies used to control the perceptions others have of oneself. The attempt to control information in an effort to influences another’s opinion can serve as a personal or social goal-directed behavior. This behavior has implications for how others perceive, evaluate, and treat them. There is a wealth of research on parental characteristics that can influence responding about children, and there is literature showing that certain motives, goals, and personality characteristics, such as defensive responding, can affect caregiver’s self-report. However, research has yet to bridge these lines of research and examine whether defensive responding impacts parents’ responding about their children. The current study explored differences in responding between mothers who do and do not engage in defensive responding on a widely-used measure of child psychopathology: the Child-Behavior Checklist, while controlling for maternal psychopathology, child race, age, and gender. Results indicated that mothers who engaged in defensive responding responded more defensively about their children on the Total score of the Child-Behavior Checklist. Specifically, mothers reported reduced internalizing, anxiety/depression, withdrawal/depression, externalizing, inattention, delinquency, and aggression symptoms. Exploratory analyses indicated that the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and child psychopathology was mediated by maternal defensive responding.
Vitamin D Actions in Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer: Genomics, Metabolism, and Stem Cells

Abstract Nuclear receptors exert profound effects on mammary gland physiology and have complex roles in the etiology of breast cancer. In addition to receptors for classic steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) modulate normal mammary gland development and sensitivity to carcinogenesis. Vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and some evidence suggests that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Genomic profiling has characterized many 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers providing insight into the molecular actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the VDR in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. New areas of emphasis regarding the effects of vitamin D on breast cancer include its effects on tumor cell metabolism, the survival and outgrowth of stem cells, and the impact of obesity. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1,25(OH)2D3 actions change with transformation but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease may help to clarify the conflicting data. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of in vitro and in vivo model systems are clearly warranted to comprehensively understand the network of vitamin D regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer.
From Plastic Sheets to Tablet PCs: A Digital Epigraphic Method for Recording Egyptian Rock Art and Inscriptions

Since 2010, the recording of rock art and inscription sites with Yale Egyptology concession areas in Upper Egypt has led to the development of new digital techniques. Those combine easily available technology with archaeological expertise to produce and collate publishable facsimiles within the fieldwork period, while remaining true to the conventions of the finest of earlier epigraphic publications. The ongoing threat to rock art sites and the recent ban of the Ministry of Antiquities on contact copies or direct tracings of petroglyphs brought urgency to effective and efficient means of documenting our archaeological sites. The nature of rock art itself, always unique and heterogeneous at the same time, does not allow technology to replace specialist knowledge: only an effective dialog between humans in the field and new technology has produced results both graphically attractive and practically useful. The present article will discuss the workflow we have developed, including the important role of tablet PCs in avoiding the potential distortion that intermediary copies may create (as well as multiple plastic sheets requiring re-alignment). Using an imaging-based recording technique called Structure from Motion, we are able to generate faithful and detailed three-dimensional models of the rock surface that are used to produce high-resolution ortho-rectified views (orthoimages) of each panel. Working on the orthoimages loaded into the tablet PC and tracing/collating in front of the original rock surface, the epigrapher can annotate, modify, or delete in real- time any information—both graphic and iconographic—pertaining to the petroglyphs. This facilitates the reading of the subject inscribed on the rock surface, even if irregular. It allows for a better control during the recording of inner and outer lines, especially for those areas that are damaged or weathered. Although our methodology was developed on Egyptian case studies, the series of tools and techniques involved are, in our opinion, much more broadly applicable to the wider panorama of African rock art and beyond.
A KINETIC THEORY OF PIT INITIATION AND REPASSIVATION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE PITTING CORROSION OF PASSIVE METALS

ABSTRACT A kinetic approach is used to test the theory of pit initiation and repassivation in the pitting corrosion of passive metals. It follows from consideration of irreversible thermodynamic stability that the pit initiation process is a probability event in which hemi-spherical halide nuclei grow to a critical radius r* in a passive film in order for pitting to take place. The repassivation process starts as soon as the monolayer formation of the metal oxide becomes stable at the bottom of the pit. It is shown that the two characteristic values of the pitting phenomenon, pit initiation and the repassivation potential are intrinsically different from each other, and coincide only when the passive film becomes very thin. The present study suggests the theoretical significance of the repassivation potential as a critical value of pitting.
Comparative Study of Metrics for Spectral Match Quality.

The selection of metrics for spectral matches is fundamental to MVSI (multi-channel visible-spectrum imaging) otherwise known as spectral imaging. The metrics used for spectral matches can impact everything from the selection of the filters used for multi-channel capture to the evaluation of the spectral estimation. However, there is, as yet, no consensus on which metric should be applied for spectral matches. The purpose of this research is to compare various metrics that have been used for spectral matches. The metrics for spectral comparison were categorized in four classes: CIE color difference equations, spectral curves difference metrics, metamerism indices and weighted spectral metrics. Here we show an analysis of the appropriateness and weakness of each metric. We compare their use for various types of spectral mismatches resulting from problems in imaging calibration, out-of-gamut colors and those due to metamerism.
Human growth hormone enhances progesterone production by human luteal cells in vitro : evidence of a synergistic effect with human chorionic gonadotropin

Objective To examine the possible direct effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on basal and human chorionic gonadodotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone (P) production by cultured human luteal cells. Design Cultures of human luteal cells from early and midluteal phase. Setting All corpora lutea were obtained from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Catholic University, a public care center. Patients, Participants Twelve nonpregnant women between 35 and 47 years of age underwent surgery for various nonendocrine disorders such as leiomyomatosis. Interventions Corpora lutea were obtained at the time of hysterectomy. Main Outcome Measure Luteal cells were incubated with or without hCG and/or hGH at different concentrations. Results Human growth hormone neither at 250 nor at 500 ng/mL increased basal P production, whereas from 1,000 ng/mL P concentration in media was significantly increased ( P Conclusion These results indicate a direct effect of hGH on the luteal steroidogenesis in vitro.
Fabrication of GaN Films in a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor

A three-dimensional numerical study has been carried out on the rotating disk GaN MOCVD process, and it is also coupled with an experimental study on the flow and thermal transport processes in the system. An impingement type reactor, with a rotating base, is considered. The dependence of the thin film growth rate and uniformity on operating conditions such as inflow velocity, rotational speed, and susceptor temperature are investigated in detail. Similarly, the effect of the geometry and configuration of the reactor are studied. The study also considers the effect of thermal and solutal buoyancy on the resulting flow. The flow and the associated transport processes are discussed in detail on the basis of the results obtained to suggest approaches to improve the uniformity of the film, minimize fluid loss and reduce flow recirculation that could affect growth rate and uniformity.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Supreme Court and the Memory of Evil

This Article commemorates the Sesquicentennial of the Fourteenth Amendment by exploring the Supreme Court’s engagement with the memory of slavery and segregation. It examines major decisions, not merely as jurisprudential landmarks, but as monuments of collective memory. The Article suggests that the Court has invoked the memory of slavery and segregation in two primary ways—through two distinct “modes” of memory. The first of these, which I call the parenthetical mode, responds to the evil past by stressing continuities with an older, nobler tradition. It presents the evil era as exceptional and aberrational, and it depicts the constitutional response to the evil era as a terminal close parenthesis. The second framework, which I call the redemptive mode, highlights caesura, rather than continuity, and underwrites aggressive judicial action to eradicate any lingering vestiges of past evils. The Article contends that, in every period of the Court’s history—including the present—the parenthetical mode has predominated over the redemptive. The immediate effect, at times, has been pernicious. The cumulative effect has hindered the Court and the country from coming to terms with the evils of our past.
Information-Centric Virtualization for Software-Defined Statistical QoS Provisioning Over 5G Multimedia Big Data Wireless Networks

The multimedia transmission represents a typical big data application in the fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. However, supporting multimedia big data transmission over 5G wireless networks imposes many new and open challenges because multimedia big data services are both time-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive over time-varying wireless channels with constrained wireless resources. To overcome these difficulties, in this paper we propose the information-centric virtualization architectures for software-defined statistical delay-bounded quality of service (QoS) provisioning over 5G multimedia big data wireless networks. In particular, our proposed schemes integrate the three 5G-promising candidate techniques to guarantee the statistical delay-bounded QoS for multimedia big data transmissions: 1) information-centric network (ICN), to derive the optimal in-network caching locations for multimedia big data; 2) network functions virtualization (NFV), to abstract the PHY-layer infrastructures into several virtualized networks to derive the optimal multimedia data contents delivery paths; and 3) software-defined networks (SDNs), to dynamically reconfigure wireless resources allocation architectures through the SDN-control plane. Under our proposed architectures, to jointly optimize the implementations of NFV and SDN techniques under ICN architectures, we develop the three virtual network selection and transmit-power allocation schemes to: 1) maximize single user’s effective capacity; 2) jointly optimize the aggregate effective capacity and allocation fairness over all users; and 3) coordinate non-cooperative gaming among all users, respectively. By simulations and numerical analyses, we show that our proposed architectures and schemes significantly outperform the other existing schemes in supporting the statistical delay-bounded QoS provisioning over the 5G multimedia big data wireless networks.
Optimization of transdermal deferoxamine leads to enhanced efficacy in healing skin wounds

Chronic wounds remain a significant burden to both the healthcare system and individual patients, indicating an urgent need for new interventions. Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron-chelating agent clinically used to treat iron toxicity, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and increase hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) activation, thereby promoting neovascularization and enhancing regeneration in chronic wounds. However due to its short half-life and adverse side effects associated with systemic absorption, there is a pressing need for targeted DFO delivery. We recently published a preclinical proof of concept drug delivery system (TDDS) which showed that transdermally applied DFO is effective in improving chronic wound healing. Here we present an enhanced TDDS (eTDDS) comprised exclusively of FDA-compliant constituents to optimize drug release and expedite clinical translation. We evaluate the eTDDS to the original TDDS and compare this with other commonly used delivery methods including DFO drip-on and polymer spray applications. The eTDDS displayed excellent physicochemical characteristics and markedly improved DFO delivery into human skin when compared to other topical application techniques. We demonstrate an accelerated wound healing response with the eTDDS treatment resulting in significantly increased wound vascularity, dermal thickness, collagen deposition and tensile strength. Together, these findings highlight the immediate clinical potential of DFO eTDDS to treating diabetic wounds. Further, the topical drug delivery platform has important implications for targeted pharmacologic therapy of a wide range of cutaneous diseases.
Private versus Public Corporate Ownership: Implications for Future Changes in Profitability

We investigate the association between public versus private ownership and future changes in profitability. Managers have long debated the implications of public and private corporate ownership; ho...
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry

There have been remarkable strides and leaps in both the diagnostic elements, mechanisms, and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in these last few decades. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) with or without the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ranks high among these maladies that witnessed a therapeutic revolution, perhaps like no other. In this chapter the author reviews the history of PSVT, and details the commonest variety of PSVT: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), describing its incidence, manifestations and mechanisms, the case for, and against dual-pathway physiology, and an unifying concept linking the slow and fast pathways.
Recent evidence of nurse practitioner outcomes in a variety of care settings.

When nurse practitioners (NPs) work to expand their scope of practice through state legislatures, the opposing lobbying groups are often physician-led organizations. The main argument against NP independence and limited scope of practice is that NP care is inherently inferior to that of physicians. However, more than three decades of research demonstrates quality and cost outcomes to be equal to or better than that of physicians. This article reviews a wide range of evidence documenting NP competency, satisfaction, and safety, as well as the challenges and consequences when limiting NP scope of practice. The evidence is clear and has not changed in over 30 years, NPs provide access to and effective primary care in a variety of settings, equal in quality outcomes and safety, and cost-effective compared with physicians.
Studying physical and mental health status among hijra, kothi and transgender community in Kolkata, India.

Abstract Individuals with diverse sexual orientation and gender identities have historically experienced the major share of stigma, discrimination, and marginalization among all the LGTBIQ+ communities in India. Transgender, intersex, or queer individuals are deprived of their basic rights, self-dignity, bodily autonomy, and healthcare leading to significant negative health status. Recent legal reforms such as the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (prohibited same-sex activity) and amendments to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill may improve their health. In this context, the study has the following objectives: 1) to measure the physical and the mental health status of hijra, kothi, and transgender (HKT) individuals using the Short Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire; 2) understand the variation in their health status by social determinants; and 3) identify spatial patterns of HKTs general, physical, and mental health. Data was collected using a Bengali version of SF-12 (N = 98). We calculated physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health composite scores and conducted relevant statistical and spatial analysis. Findings revealed that HKT individuals had poor mental health (mean MCS = 42.3) compared to their physical health (mean PCS = 49.0). ANOVA tests showed statistically significant variation of PCS and MCS among HKTs by their age and income. Participants with both poor and good health conditions were evenly distributed in the study area, with no significant spatial clustering. This study was the first attempt to assess the health-related quality of life among the HKT individuals using SF-12, not previously adapted to gender-diverse communities in India. Results clearly indicate that there is a pressing need to address both physical and mental health among gender-diverse communities by not only improving awareness of their healthcare rights but by also removing social and structural barriers to health programs, increasing targeted health interventions, grassroot level activism, and government advocacy.
Multimodally constructed dialogue in political campaign commercials

Abstract While discourse analysts have demonstrated that interactants use discursive strategies to frame situations and construct identities, few studies have taken multimodal approaches to analyzing important concepts they have developed and implemented (e.g., constructed dialogue). This study aims to fill this gap. My findings about the significant roles that different semiotic resources take on in constructing dialogue demonstrate the importance of using multimodal approaches to analyze such linguistic strategies. I analyze how dialogue is constructed multimodally in political commercials using a variety of semiotic resources. I examine commercials aired during the 2018 election for Kentucky’s Sixth Congressional District, first providing a brief quantitative analysis of the politicians’ advertising campaigns, then analyzing in-depth one ad aired by each candidate. Drawing on Tannen’s (2007) concept of constructed dialogue, Kristeva's (1980) concept intertextuality, and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996, 2001) framework of social semiotics, I demonstrate how the advertisements create meaning and construct dialogue multimodally. I illustrate how each campaign voices its opponent to (re)frame their words and construct identities, vilifying the opponent and praising the self. I show that on-screen text, imported video and audio recordings, body movements, discursive constructions, and repetition of these semiotic resources construct dialogue multimodally.
The Impact of Duplicate Orders on Demand Estimation and Capacity Investment

Motivated by a $2.2 billion inventory write-off by Cisco Systems, we investigate how duplicate orders can lead a manufacturer to err in estimating the demand rate and customers' sensitivity to delay, and to make faulty decisions about capacity investment. We consider a manufacturer that sells through two distributors. If a customer finds that his distributor is out-of-stock, then he will sometimes seek to make a purchase from the other distributor; if the latter is also out-of-stock, the customer will order from both distributors. When his order is filled by one of the distributors, the customer cancels any duplicate orders. Furthermore, the customer cancels all of his outstanding orders after a random period of time. Assuming that the manufacturer is unaware of duplicate orders, we prove that she will overestimate both the demand rate and the cancellation rate. Suprisingly, failure to account for duplicate orders can cause short-term underinvestment in capacity. However, in long term equilibrium under stable demand conditions the manufacturer overinvests in capacity. Our results suggest that Cisco's write-off was caused by estimation errors and cannot be blamed entirely on the economic downturn. Finally, we provide some guidance on estimation in the presence of double orders.
If You Need Help, Just Ask: Underestimating Compliance with Direct Requests for Help

A series of studies tested whether people underestimate the likelihood that others will comply with their direct requests for help. In the first 3 studies, people underestimated by as much as 50% the likelihood that others would agree to a direct request for help, across a range of requests occurring in both experimental and natural field settings. Studies 4 and 5 demonstrated that experimentally manipulating a person’s perspective (as help seeker or potential helper) could elicit this underestimation effect. Finally, in Study 6, the authors explored the source of the bias, finding that help seekers were less willing than potential helpers were to appreciate the social costs of refusing a direct request for help (the costs of saying “no”), attending instead to the instrumental costs of helping (the costs of saying “yes”).
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (v-v ecmo) as a bridge to lung transplantation following severe COVID-19 infection

Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proven to be the most infectious and deadly respiratory virus since the 1918 H1N1 influenza A pandemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 has caused over 62 million infections and more than 1.4 million deaths worldwide in the first year of the pandemic. This case report depicts the clinical course of a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19, requiring VV-ECMO and bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT). Case Description R.R. was a 57-year-old triathlete with history of smoking 20 years ago, anxiety, and depression. He initially presented to an outside hospital (OSH) with symptoms of fever and dyspnea and was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to increasing oxygen requirements on BiPAP seven days later. Notably, two subsequent COVID tests resulted negative. On hospital day (HOD) 28, he necessitated urgent cannulation for VV-ECMO and was transferred to our institution for further management. R.R.'s ICU course was characterized by a progressive decline of respiratory function. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed severe bullous emphysema and interstitial fibrosis. The patient developed right ventricular (RV) failure warranting treatment with inhaled nitric oxide and diuresis. Given the overall clinical status, he underwent expedited work-up and listing for lung transplantation. On HOD 32 he required intubation for worsening hypoxemia despite ECMO support with flows of 4.5 L/min, sweep of 4 L/min and circuit FiO2 of 100% with maximum lung protective ventilator support. Notably, a repeat COVID test was positive. Several days later, he underwent a tracheostomy. He continued to experience refractory hypoxia and hypercarbia, necessitating deep sedation, paralysis, and ECMO sweep of 14 L/min on the night preceding his BOLT. Post-operative course was largely unremarkable. His tracheostomy was decannulated on HOD 52 and he was discharged to rehab on HOD 59. The patient spent 17 days in rehab and was discharged home. Discussion In this case, an active triathlete without significant comorbidities developed severe pulmonary fibrosis leading to end stage lung disease from COVID-19. The vast majority of patients infected with COVID-19 have mild to moderate disease. However, patients with severe disease requiring mechanical ventilation have a mortality rate of up to 20-25%. The proportion of patients who require ECMO and lung transplantation is small. This case illustrates the merit of urgent evaluation for ECMO candidacy and consideration of lung transplantation for selected individuals in this small cohort of patients.
Uncertain instruction: effects on curiosity, learning, and transfer

While many view learning as a process of reducing learners’ uncertainty, research suggests that instruction that is uncertain can promote learning and transfer better than instruction that is certain. In addition, research on curiosity suggests that uncertainty is a key trigger of curiosity, which in turn can facilitate learning. However, educational research rarely examines the direct effects of uncertainty on curiosity, learning, or transfer. Additionally, research on the effect of curiosity on learning rarely considers state-level curiosity or how curiosity changes over time. In a study with 208 middle school students learning physics, we addressed these gaps. Participants in two conditions completed learning activities where they invented their own equations for physical science phenomena. The Low Uncertainty condition received relevant information on task process before inventing, while information on task process was withheld in the High Uncertainty (HU) condition, which received irrelevant information before inventing. Both conditions learned the physics content equally well, but the HU condition demonstrated greater state-level curiosity and performed better on transfer problems. Moreover, in both conditions, curiosity decreased over time as students gained more information. Surprisingly, curiosity did not predict learning or transfer, which suggests that curiosity was not the mechanism by which uncertainty influenced transfer. This study advances the notion that introducing uncertainty in learning activities can, perhaps counter-intuitively, promote transfer of knowledge across contexts while also rousing learners’ curiosity. This work demonstrates a practical way for educators to induce uncertainty, by withholding information about task process. This research also broadens our understanding of how to provoke curiosity in classroom contexts.
On Theodorsen Function in Incompressible Flow and C-Function in Supersonic Flow

1 3 ECENT EXPERIMENTS AT THE Jet Propulsion Laboratory have established the effect of compressibility on local skin friction for Mach Numbers up to 4.5. Friction coefficients were obtained simultaneously at three stations on a flat plate, for both laminar and turbulent boundary-layer flow, for Reynolds Numbers from 4 X 10 to 1 X 10» The floating element technique used is similar to that of Liepmann and Dhawan. Figs. 1 and 2 show typical measurements with a clean leading edge and with a tripping device. The Reynolds Numbers in the figures are based on the distance from, the leading edge and on the free-stream velocity and kinematic viscosity. No corrections for local pressure gradient or Mach Number variation have been made. Fig. 3 shows the dependence of turbulent local friction on Mach Number at a Reynolds Number of 8 X 10. I t is believed that these data will remain substantially unchanged by any corrections to be applied during the analysis of the experiments.
Small town capitalism in Western India : artisans, merchants and the making of the informal economy, 1870-1960

This book charts the history of artisan production and marketing in the Bombay Presidency from 1870 to 1960. While the textile mills of western India's biggest cities have been the subject of many rich studies, the role of artisan producers located in the region's small towns have been virtually ignored. Based upon extensive archival research as well as numerous interviews with participants in the handloom and powerloom industries, this book explores the role of weavers, merchants, consumers and laborers in the making of what the author calls 'small-town capitalism'. By focusing on the politics of negotiation and resistance in local workshops, the book challenges conventional narratives of industrial change. The book provides the first in-depth work on the origins of powerloom manufacture in South Asia. It affords unique insights into the social and economic experience of small-town artisans as well as the informal economy of late colonial and early post-independence India.
The Politics of Principle: The First South African Constitutional Court, 1995-2005, Theunis Roux : book review

Theunis Roux's important book, The Politics of Principle: The First South African Constitutional Court, 1995-2005, is a tightly reasoned and wide-ranging assessment of the Constitutional Court's first decade. It sets out to explain what we must mean when we speak of our admiration for the court in these years (the 'Chaskalson Court', as Roux appropriately calls it), and then to trace the elements of the court's decisions that earned that admiration.
Multi-dimensional, paraunitary principal component filter banks

This paper presents a generalization of the one-dimensional principal component filter bank (PCFB) derived by Tsatsanis (see Univ. of Virginia, Ph.D. Thesis, Sept. 1992.) to higher dimensions. Previously, the results of Tsatsanis were extended to two-dimensional signals, but this was limited to 2D signals and separable resampling operators. The filter bank discussed results in minimizing the mean squared error when only Q out of P subbands are retained. Furthermore, it is shown that the filter bank maximizes the theoretical coding gain (TCG). Simulations are presented, showing the results for reconstructing an image from only the first subband signal, demonstrating the potential of the PCFB.
Sampled data analog signal processor

A CMOS integrated circuit implementation of a sampled data analog signal processor which incorporates four-quadrant analog multipliers as a key component is presented. The four-quadrant multiplier facilitates signed analog inputs for both data and transfer function coefficients and thereby provides the same flexibility as digital processors for programmable and adaptive applications. Unique architectural features include a parallel configuration for the sample-and-hold circuit and a capacitor summing circuit. The processor was fabricated in a 2-micron double-poly, double-metal process. >
Creep-Rupture Behavior of Ni-Based Alloy Tube Bends for A-USC Boilers

Advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) boiler designs will require the use of nickel-based alloys for superheaters and reheaters and thus tube bending will be required. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II PG-19 limits the amount of cold-strain for boiler tube bends for austenitic materials. In this summary and analysis of research conducted to date, a number of candidate nickel-based A-USC alloys were evaluated. These alloys include alloy 230, alloy 617, and Inconel 740/740H. Uniaxial creep and novel structural tests and corresponding post-test analysis, which included physical measurements, simplified analytical analysis, and detailed microscopy, showed that different damage mechanisms may operate based on test conditions, alloy, and cold-strain levels. Overall, creep strength and ductility were reduced in all the alloys, but the degree of degradation varied substantially. The results support the current cold-strain limits now incorporated in ASME for these alloys for long-term A-USC boiler service.
Characterization of the Phosphorylase b to a Converting Activity in Skeletal Muscle Extracts of Mice with the Phosphorylase b Kinase Deficiency Mutation

Abstract The phosphorylase b kinase deficiency mutation carried in I strain mice is known to result in a marked reduction of phosphorylase b to a converting activity in skeletal muscle (Lyon, J. B., Jr. (1970) Biochem. Genet. 4, 169–185). As assayed in muscle extracts I strain had 0.3 % of the phosphorylase kinase activity found in the control strains C57BL/St and Ha/ICR (a Swiss-Webster strain). Nevertheless I strain mouse skeletal muscle contained protein that cross-reacted with an antiserum to rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase, indicating the presence of a structurally altered enzyme protein. The amount of cross-reacting material was 118% of that found in extracts of skeletal muscle from control strains of mice. The mutant activity was shown to have the same pH optimum, Km for phosphorylase b, and Mg2+ATP concentration dependence as the control strain phosphorylase b kinase activity, and both activities were inhibited by millimolar concentrations of Ca2+, F-, and ethylene glycol bis(β-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The mutant phosphorylase b to a converting activity incorporated 32P from [γ-32P]ATP into phosphorylase and the labeled phosphorylase a was isolated. The addition of ATP (10 mm), Mg2+ (50 mm), and Ca2+ (4 mm) to a protein-glycogen complex isolated by differential centrifugation of I strain skeletal muscle extracts increased phosphorylase activity as the -AMP: +AMP ratio from 0.021 to 0.075 within 20 s, as compared to an increase in activity from 0.08 to 0.85 in the protein-glycogen complex isolated from the control strain. In addition, incubation of diaphragm muscle from phosphorylase kinase-deficient animals with 4 µm isoproterenol for 10 min produced a conversion of phosphorylase b to a. The -AMP: +AMP ratio increased from 0.043 to 0.078 in mutant diaphragms, as compared to 0.060 to 0.168 in the control strain. Thus, functional phosphorylase kinase activity exists in skeletal muscle of animals with the phosphorylase b kinase deficiency mutation. Since epinephrine has been shown to stimulate glycogen breakdown in I strain gastrocnemius muscle (Lyon J. B., Jr., and Porter, J. (1963) J. Biol. Chem. 238, 1–11), conversion of phosphorylase b to a may be a necessary step in catecholamine-stimulated glycogenolysis in I strain skeletal muscle as it is in normal skeletal muscle.
Progress of optical networking and technology in the U.S.A

Summary form only given. This presentation will provide an overview of the major U.S. efforts in optical networking and technology. We will review the exciting progress made in both WDM and TDM research.
COTS Acquisition Evaluation Process: The Preacher's Practice

This paper reflects an effort to apply commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)-based engineering principles to a software acquisition by the Financial and Business Services (FABS) and Information Technology (IT) departments at the Software Engineering Institute. The team responsible for the execution of the project was guided by the principles taught in the "COTS-Based Systems for Program Managers" and "COTS Software Evaluation for Practitioners" training programs conducted by the COTS-Based Systems Initiative at the Software Engineering Institute. Some of the major expectations set and realized included precise comprehension of requirements and preferences, ability to identify weak links in the proposed solutions, support for the "buy versus build" decision and the product recommendation, the promise of a shorter implementation phase, and brimming confidence based on a well-informed project approach.
Visual Field Testing

Evaluation of visual field is an essential investigation in the diagnosis and management of various eye disorders. This article explains the various strategies for visual field testing and their applications in everyday practice. It is aimed at imparting basic concepts in visual field testing and familiarizes the reader with the various aspects of eye disorders causing visual field defects. Keywords: visual field; perimetry; field defect; glaucoma
Endothelium-targeted deletion of Nox4 attenuates hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular pressure (1089.19)

The complex pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) has been shown to be an important ...
China’s Path to Sustainable, Stable and Rapid Economic Development: From the Largest to the Strongest Manufacturing Country

The global manufacturing trade comprises 70% of the total trade, and the manufacturing export from China comprises 93% of the country’s total export. This paper explores the importance of continuously maintaining a strong manufacturing industry for China’s future economic development. It emphasizes that in order to be a world economic leader, China must first have the strongest manufacturing industry; it then discusses the ways to achieve that objective
THE GREENING OF STATE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OFFICIALS: A CALL FOR RESEARCH

Recent studies assert that rural residents support the protection of environmental quality of life features over environmentally insensitive economic development strategies. Rural development policy, however, is not typically created by common rural citizens. Instead, officials from state government agencies, non-profit corporations, national associations, and private business firms create strategies, often hand-in-hand with local interest groups and elites. Research into the attitudes of development officials could play an important role in understanding rural environmental and economic development policy. This study uses a national sample of 305 rural development administrators to define a group of green rural development officials (GRDOs) based on age, organization of employment, and educational background. The findings demonstrate that GRDOs possess strong environmental attitudes on all three areas tested: rural environmental problems, environmental rural policy options, and environmental policy consi...