cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fusing Face-Verification Algorithms and Humans

It has been demonstrated that state-of-the-art face-recognition algorithms can surpass human accuracy at matching faces over changes in illumination. The ranking of algorithms and humans by accuracy, however, does not provide information about whether algorithms and humans perform the task comparably or whether algorithms and humans can be fused to improve performance. In this paper, we fused humans and algorithms using partial least square regression (PLSR). In the first experiment, we applied PLSR to face-pair similarity scores generated by seven algorithms participating in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge. The PLSR produced an optimal weighting of the similarity scores, which we tested for generality with a jackknife procedure. Fusing the algorithms' similarity scores using the optimal weights produced a twofold reduction of error rate over the most accurate algorithm. Next, human-subject-generated similarity scores were added to the PLSR analysis. Fusing humans and algorithms increased the performance to near-perfect classification accuracy. These results are discussed in terms of maximizing face-verification accuracy with hybrid systems consisting of multiple algorithms and humans.
Neighbor–stranger discrimination in Audubon's shearwater ( Puffinus l. lherminieri ) explained by a “real enemy” effect

Neighbor–stranger discrimination (NSD) occurs when animals respond with more aggression to strangers than to territorial neighbors. NSD has been reported in many species that defend multi-purpose territories for breeding and foraging, but it is rare among species that defend other types of territories. For birds that defend only their nest sites, there is no experimental evidence for NSD, and observational studies have provided mixed results. In a colony of Audubon's shearwaters (Puffinus l. lherminieri), I played back the calls of a neighbor and a stranger to males defending nest sites. Subjects responded with longer calls to playbacks of strangers than to those of neighbors. In shearwater colonies, strangers are often birds looking for future breeding sites. In contrast, there is no evidence that established breeders compete with their neighbors for any resources. Shearwaters should benefit from NSD because strangers represent a “real enemy” and established neighbors do not.
Symposium: Field Experiments and Qualitative Methods Battling Onward: The Debate Over Field Research in Developmental Economics and its Implications for Comparative Politics

Victory has finally been declared after a fierce internecine struggle, but the conflict will never be recorded in the Correlates of War dataset. In fact, except for a few notable exceptions, news of the battle has hardly seeped into political science journals at all; and its impact has certainly not been appreciated by the group best positioned to capitalize on the terms of victory—comparative scholars with deep country knowledge. The war has been fought on the pages of economics journals 1 and the main battle lines have been drawn over the standards of admissible evidence used to assess theories of economic development. On one side were practitioners of oldschool research, who predominantly studied economic growth, trade, and capital flows, and for whom the major research tool has been large-N, cross-national regressions (Rodrik 2008). On the other side were practitioners of the New School of Developmental Economics (NSDE). These researchers, sometimes referred to sardonically as “randomistas,” abhor crossnational designs, distrust high-tech statistical band-aids, and believe the only evidence that is worth paying attention to are randomized field trials, where the impact of treatments can be readily observed, or natural experiments, where accidents of history mimic randomized trials (Banarjee 2007). Although there is still some dissent among those whose research projects do not easily lend themselves to these methods, NSDE tools are now considered to be the cutting edge of economics research; their work dominates major economics publications and they have been major beneficiaries of international and federal research funding. 2 The logic of the NSDE research agenda can be applied to a number of research arenas that political scientists are interested in as well. As I will argue below, comparative politics is a particularly target-rich environment. Moreover, NSDE approaches significantly alter the entry costs of empirical work. Mathematical facility is relatively less important, while a premium is applied to detailed country knowledge that allows researchers to identify appropriate natural experiments and use contacts to achieve buy-in on conducting gold-standard policy interventions. In short, comparative political scientists are better-suited than other sub-fields to begin applying these techniques in our work. In this essay, I introduce the NSDE, discuss their most prominent methods, and assess pros and cons of applying this approach to fieldwork in comparative politics.
Anomalous liquid imbibition at the nanoscale: the critical role of interfacial deformations

We observed that imbibition of various Rhodamine B-doped wetting liquids in an array of different-sized, horizontal, two-dimensional silica nanochannels terminated within the channels as a function of hydraulic diameter and liquid type. This front termination is not predicted by the classic Washburn equation for capillary flow, which establishes diffusive dynamics in horizontal channels. Various explanations for the anomalous static imbibition measurements were negated; hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, surface chemistry and mechanics were all taken into consideration for this analysis. The atypical imbibition data are explained by deformed menisci and decreased effective channel diameters. These occurrences are due to the enhanced influence of the following phenomena at the nanoscale: surface forces at fluid-solid boundaries, the presence of quasi-crystalline thin films or boundary regions, and potential solid surface or boundary layer deformation due to meniscus-induced negative pressures (suction). We introduce a phenomenological model which demonstrates how van der Waals forces, common to all interfaces, lead to local menisci deformation and an average reduction in capillary pressure. An expression for the approximate capillary pressure of a symmetric nanoscale meniscus in a cylindrical pore space is derived; its difference from the macroscopic capillary pressure can be expressed by an effective contact angle. Precursor films, adsorbed films and elastocapillary deformation decrease effective diameter, exacerbating meniscus deformation and increases in effective viscosity; we also describe local models and effective values for these phenomena. The findings can be scaled to imbibition and two-phase flow in nanoporous media.
Diabetic Central Neuropathy: CNS Damage Related to Hyperglycemia

Diabetes is a syndrome defined by higher than normal blood glucose levels. Those higher blood glucose levels are associated with the development of physical abnormalities termed complications. Those abnormalities are found in small blood vessels and cause pathology termed retinopathy and nephropathy. Small-vessel abnormalities are part of cardiovascular and peripheral nerve pathology as well. Larger–blood vessel abnormalities are manifest as atherosclerotic plaques that stiffen and reduce blood flow while causing embolic occlusions. This results in ischemic hearts, lungs, and brains, causing life-devastating and -ending events. High glucose levels have been associated with nonvascular damage to the lens of the eye, peripheral nerve, myelin sheath, and nonmyelinated autonomic nerves. These abnormalities cause cataracts, loss of sensation, and proprioception, as well as dysregulation of autonomic function. Autonomic dysfunction compromises normal blood flow, gastric motility, temperature regulation, and sexual function. Preventing these issues has made lowering blood glucose a major goal in the management of diabetes. There has been little concern about the influence of hyperglycemia on the structure or function of the central nervous system (CNS). The major CNS concern related to diabetes is the opposite issue, hypoglycemia. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are very dramatic, involving intoxicated behavior and mentation, seizures, and loss of consciousness. On occasion, hypoglycemia-induced hemiparesis will result in an extensive medical evaluation and rehabilitation. Generally, these abnormalities are transient …
Summing Series via Integrals

(2000). Summing Series via Integrals. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 178-181.
Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire: 1st to 4th Centuries CE

This book studies six vaulting techniques employed in architecture outside of Rome and asks why they were invented where they were and how they were disseminated. Most of the techniques involve terracotta elements in various forms, such as regular flat bricks, hollow voussoirs, vaulting tubes, and armchair voussoirs. Each one is traced geographically via GIS mapping, the results of which are analysed in relation to chronology, geography, and historical context. The most common building type in which the techniques appear is the bath, demonstrating its importance as a catalyst for technological innovation. This book also explores trade networks, the pottery industry, and military movements in relation to building construction, revealing how architectural innovation was influenced by wide ranging cultural factors, many of which stemmed from local influences rather than imperial intervention. Additional resources including extensive searchable databases with bibliographical data and colour illustrations available at www.cambridge.org/vaulting.
H2O2: A Chemoattractant?

H2O2 is a relatively stable, rapidly diffusing reactive oxygen species that has been recently implicated as a mediator of leukocyte recruitment to epithelial wounds and transformed cells in zebrafish. Whether H2O2 activates the innate immune response by acting as a bona fide chemoattractant, enhancing chemoattractant sensing, or triggering production of other chemoattractive ligands remains largely unclear. Here, we describe the basic experimental procedures required to study these questions. We present a detailed protocol of the zebrafish tail fin wounding assay and explain how to use it for analyzing leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo. We further outline a method for H2O2 measurement in live zebrafish larvae using the genetically encoded sensor HyPer on a wide-field and a spinning disk confocal microscope. These methods provide a basis for dissecting the role of H2O2 in leukocyte chemotaxis in a vertebrate animal.
Automating data sharing through authoring tools

In the current scientific publishing landscape, there is a need for an authoring workflow that easily integrates data and code into manuscripts and that enables the data and code to be published in reusable form. Automated embedding of data and code into published output will enable superior communication and data archiving. In this work, we demonstrate a proof of concept for a workflow, org-mode, which successfully provides this authoring capability and workflow integration. We illustrate this concept in a series of examples for potential uses of this workflow. First, we use data on citation counts to compute the h-index of an author, and show two code examples for calculating the h-index. The source for each example is automatically embedded in the PDF during the export of the document. We demonstrate how data can be embedded in image files, which themselves are embedded in the document. Finally, metadata about the embedded files can be automatically included in the exported PDF, and accessed by computer programs. In our customized export, we embedded metadata about the attached files in the PDF in an Info field. A computer program could parse this output to get a list of embedded files and carry out analyses on them. Authoring tools such as Emacs + org-mode can greatly facilitate the integration of data and code into technical writing. These tools can also automate the embedding of data into document formats intended for consumption.
Designing Hands and Wrists for Manufacturing

A recurrent theme in this thesis is that many manufacturing tasks can be broken into fine motion and gross motion subtasks, and therefore it is appropriate to develop a manipulation system consisting of separate “modules.” In the case of assembly, the operation can be decomposed into gross motions that move the peg in the direction of the hole, and fine accommodations about the central axis of the hole. If a robot is to assemble parts, it suffices to have an arm with the required reach and speed to pick the parts up, move them roughly into position, and push them toward each other, while a compliant RCC wrist takes care of the fine accommodations and keeps the parts from jamming. In other tasks, such as grinding, the fine and gross motion elements are not entirely independent; a change in the velocity along the surface changes the amount of material removed and alters the apparent “hardness” of the surface. Still, it is possible to use a separate arm, wrist and hand provided that they communicate with each other. If the tasks displayed a large amount of interdependence between fine and gross motions, it would become more convenient to treat the wrist and hand as the last few joints at the end of an arm. In the present case, it suffices to work in cartesian coordinates, transmitting deflections or forces sensed at the wrist and hand, and locations reported by the robot. It is not necessary to directly couple, say, the third wrist sensor with the fourth arm actuator.
The effect of photobiomodulation on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.

Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of cancer therapy with few efficacious treatments. Methods We enrolled 70 patients with CIPN in a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, cross-over trial to determine if photobiomodulation (PBM)±physiotherapy reduced the symptoms of neuropathy compared to sham treatment. At the conclusion of follow-up, sham-arm patients could cross-over into a third arm combining PBM and physiotherapy to determine if multimodal treatment had additive effects. Treatment included 30minute sessions 3-times weekly for 6weeks using either PBM or sham therapy. Neuropathy was assessed using the modified total neuropathy score (mTNS) at initiation and 4, 8, and 16weeks after initiating treatment. Results Sham-treated patients experienced no significant change in mTNS scores at any point during the primary analysis. PBM patients experienced significant reduction in mTNS scores at all time points. Mean changes in mTNS score (and corresponding percent drop from baseline) for sham and PBM-group patients respectively were −0.1 (−0.7%) and −4.2 (−32.4%) at 4weeks ( p p p p p p Conclusion and relevance Among patients with CIPN, PBM produced significant reduction in neuropathy symptoms.
Clinical Impact of Omega-3 Consumption on the Management of Chronic Heart Failure

Interest in omega-3 has grown dramatically since the observation that Eskimos have a high level of omega-3 due to high fish consumption and a low incidence of myocardial infarction. This was thought to be related to its antithrombotic effect due to inhibition of platelet aggregation. Subsequently, several studies indicate a potential beneficial impact of omega-3 in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease including chronic heart failure (CHF) especially in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Despite the progress in the medical and device management of CHF, a significant number of patients with this clinical syndrome do not respond to current therapy. In addition, CHF remains a condition of a high morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. Therefore, clinicians are interested in exploring any potential benefit in the care of patients with CHF. Potential benefits of omega-3 in the management of CHF patients have been evaluated and showed a possible positive effect on the progression of CHF through several mechanisms. These include the improvement of endothelial function, reduction of vascular tone, reduction of platelet aggregability, and improvement of myocardial function. The article cites data from several experiments pertaining to the benefits of omega-3 in patients with CHF. The aim of this article is to review the mechanisms, potential benefits, and possible therapeutic implications of omega-3 in patients with CHF. Results show that there is a significant difference in patients who intake omega-3 versus those who do not. This article is proof that there are other methods to treating CHF than what is prescribed in modern medicine.
Ethnic Disparities in Trauma-Related Mental Illness: Is Ethnic Identity a Buffer?

Despite evidence that racial and ethnic characteristics influence the impact of traumatic exposure on psychological health, little is known about how race and ethnic identity can alter, and possibl...
Coexistence of Pinning and Moving on a Contact Line

Textured surfaces are instrumental in water repellency or fluid wicking applications, where the pinning and depinning of the liquid–gas interface plays an important role. Previous work showed that a contact line can exhibit nonuniform behavior due to heterogeneities in surface chemistry or roughness. We demonstrate that such nonuniformities can be achieved even without varying the local energy barrier. Around a cylindrical pillar, an interface can reside in an intermediate state where segments of the contact line are pinned to the pillar top while the rest of the contact line moves along the sidewall. This partially pinned mode is due to the global nonaxisymmetric pattern of the surface features and exists for all textured surfaces, especially when superhydrophobic surfaces are about to be flooded or when capillary wicks are close to dryout.
Assessing compressibility effects on the performance of large horizontal-axis wind turbines

Abstract The tips of large horizontal-axis wind turbines can easily reach high speeds, thus raising the concern that compressibility effects may influence turbine wakes and ultimately power production. All past studies have assumed that these effects are negligible. Compressibility effects are assessed here in terms of blade aerodynamic properties and variable density separately. Using the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method, we find that under normal operating conditions (i.e., wind speed ∼ 15 m s−1 and tip speed ratio TSR ∼ 12 ) aerodynamic corrections to the lift and drag coefficients of the blades have a minimal impact, thus the incompressible coefficients are adequate. To assess the variable-density effects, numerical simulations of a single turbine and two aligned turbines, modeled via the actuator line model with the default aerodynamic coefficients, are conducted using both the traditional incompressible and a compressible framework. The flow field around the single turbine and its power performance are affected by compressibility and both show a strong dependency on TSR. Wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) differences between compressible and incompressible results origin from the rotor tip region but then impact the entire wind turbine wake. Power production is lower by 8% under normal operating conditions (TSR ∼ 8) and 20% lower for TSR ∼ 12 due to compressibility effects. When a second turbine is added, the front turbine experiences similar effects as the single-turbine case, but TKE differences are enhanced while wind speed differences are reduced after the second turbine in the overlapping wakes. These findings suggest that compressibility effects play a more important role than previously thought on power production and, due to the acceptable additional computational cost of the compressible simulations, should be taken into account in future wind farm studies.
The Missing Curriculum in Physics Problem-Solving Education

Physics is often seen as an excellent introduction to science because it allows students to learn not only the laws governing the world around them, but also, through the problems students solve, a way of thinking which is conducive to solving problems outside of physics and even outside of science. In this article, we contest this latter idea and argue that in physics classes, students do not learn widely applicable problem-solving skills because physics education almost exclusively requires students to solve well-defined problems rather than the less-defined problems which better model problem solving outside of a formal class. Using personal, constructed, and the historical accounts of Schrodinger’s development of the wave equation and Feynman’s development of path integrals, we argue that what is missing in problem-solving education is practice in identifying gaps in knowledge and in framing these knowledge gaps as questions of the kind answerable using techniques students have learned. We discuss why these elements are typically not taught as part of the problem-solving curriculum and end with suggestions on how to incorporate these missing elements into physics classes.
Politically Engaged Scholars: An Analytic of Positions and Norms

The following essay considers various possible roles of intellectuals in social change and some ways of evaluating these alternatives. It is important to recognize the alternatives as they complicate what we might initially envision as the nature and tasks of a scholar activist. The first section of the essay distinguishes some possible relations between expertise and politics, including not only integration, but also dissociation of the two. I conclude this first section by arguing that all these practices are potentially valuable. Thus, our assessment should not be focused on selecting among individual alternatives, but on fostering an effective distribution of activities in practice. Put simply, we should not all be the same.
Safety in the Context of Coordination via Adjustable Autonomy

When large heterogeneous robot and agent teams operate in the real-world, it is essential that a human operator has overall control to ensure safety. However, giving an operator the required control is difficult due to the complexity of the activities such teams engage in and the infeasibility of simply stopping the team whenever human input is required. Our approach to interaction in such a context has three key components which allow us to leverage human expertise by giving them responsibility for key coordination decisions, without risks to the coordination due to slow responses. First, to deal with the dynamic nature of the situation, we use pre-planned sequences of transfer of control actions called transfer-of-control strategies. Second, to allow identification of key coordination issues in a distributed way, individual coordination tasks are explicitly represented as coordination roles, rather than being implicitly represented within a monolithic protocol. Such a representation allows meta-reasoning about those roles to determine when human input may be useful. Third, the meta-reasoning and transfer-of-control strategies are encapsulated in a mobile agent that moves around the group to either get human input or autonomously make a decision. In this paper, we describe this approach and present initial results from interaction between a large number of UAVs and a small number of humans.
Reentrant Superconductivity in Quasi-Low-Dimensional Systems: Magnetic Field Effects

The possibilities of survival of superconductivity and of reentrant behavior at high magnetic fields, i.e., for fields beyond the Pauli paramagnetic (Clogston–Chandrasehkar) limit, are discussed. These possibilities are a consequence of a magnetic field induced dimensional crossover (MFIDC) and of pairing in the extreme quantum limit. In particular, when there is no Josephson coupling between layers in weak fields, the magnetic field induces a magnetic field dependent Josephson coupling at large magnetic fields. Furthermore, the cases of singlet and triplet layered superconductors are considered for systems that behave as quasi-one-dimensional metals in their normal state. A possible phase transition between singlet and triplet superconductivity is pointed out. A special emphasis is given to organic quasi-one-dimensional superconductors like (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTSF)2ClO4 in the light of new experimental results. In addition, the cases of quasi-two-dimensional superconductors like strontium ruthenate and copper oxides are briefly discussed.
Ocean, Energy Flows in

Oceanic circulation plays an important role in the climate system because it transports heat and freshwater fluxes meridionally. There is a huge heat flux through the upper surface of the ocean, but the ocean is not a heat engine; instead, the dissipation of mechanical energy associated with the oceanic general circulation is maintained by external mechanical energy, including wind stress and tides. Although mechanical energy flux is 1000 times smaller than the heat flux, it plays a key role in controlling the strength of the oceanic general circulation. In particular, energy input through wind stress is the most important source of mechanical energy in maintaining the stratification and circulation in the world oceans.
The Myth of The Derelict Daddy

One available avenue with which to conjoin the image of a deficient American father figure with the American behaviors of a typical father figure requires the two cultural universals that were introduced in Chapter 5 and one well established and widely applied theory.
Wavelength Conversion Placement in WDM Mesh Optical Networks

Wavelength conversion helps improve the performance of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks that employ wavelength routing. In this paper, we address the problem of optimally placing a limited number of wavelength converters in mesh topologies. Two objective functions, namely, minimizing the average blocking probability and minimizing the maximum blocking probability over all routes, are considered. In the first part of the paper, we extend an earlier analytical model to compute the blocking probability on an arbitrary route in a mesh topology, given the traffic and locations of converters. We then propose heuristic algorithms to place wavelength converters, and evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristics using the analytical model. Results suggest that simple heuristics are sufficient to give near-optimal performance.
Still Three Different Status for Aliens, Citizens and Human Persons?

In this chapter it is submitted that going beyond the distinction between citizens, aliens and human persons is not appropriate, with a view to promoting inclusive societies, pursuant the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Although such a distinction appears to be outdated to a certain extent (because of an increasing shift from nationality to residence occurred within several regional contexts), it should not be neglected that nationality continues to play a significant role, both as an autonomous individual right and a basis for the enjoyment of (other) human rights. At the same time, some recent and troubling developments of the legal dimension of nationality in the broad sense—i.e., the increasing recourse to nationality as a means to adopt discriminatory policies against aliens, and the resurgent recourse to a sort of “legal nationalism” when dealing with legal issues concerning aliens—suggest a more cautious approach. Such an approach could turn around the principle of non-discrimination, seen as an autonomous right; namely, the right of every human being not to be subjected to any factual or legal discrimination by public authorities (Art. 26 of the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights so as interpreted by the UN Human Rights Committee).
Risk factors for chronic lung disease and asthma differ among children born extremely preterm.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hypothesis that chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) is a risk factor for asthma in children born extremely preterm, and the hypothesis that the risk factors for CLD are similar to those for asthma. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed using data collected prospectively from 882 children born before the 28th week of gestation between 2002 and 2004 who returned for follow-up at ages 12 and 24 months and 10 years. We created time-oriented logistic regression models to compare risk factors for CLD, defined as need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and parent-reported asthma at 10 years of age. RESULTS CLD diagnosed during neonatal admission was associated with bronchodilator use at 12 months and 24 months (P < 0.001), but not with an asthma diagnosis at 10 years (Odds Ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.8). While risk factors for CLD include lower gestational age (OR 2.7; 1.5-4.7) and fetal growth restriction (OR 2.3; 1.4-3.7), risk factors for asthma include mother's eligibility for public insurance (Medicaid) (OR 1.8; 1.1-2.8), and higher weight gain velocity during the first year (OR 1.5; 1.02-2.2) and between the 2nd and 10th year (OR 1.7; 1.2-2.4). CONCLUSIONS Among children born extremely preterm, the diagnosis of CLD and its antecedents were associated with transient preschool wheezing, but not with asthma. Post-NICU factors, such as growth velocity and socioeconomic disadvantage, appear to have stronger associations with asthma than exposures during NICU admission.
Excising the “surgeon ego” to accelerate progress in the culture of surgery

Healthy self confidence has an important role in surgery, but we must take care that it doesn’t develop into disruptive ego, say Christopher G Myers and colleagues
Toward More Effective Self-Regulation in Medicine.

Every individual, on entering the profession, as he becomes thereby entitled to all its privileges and immunities, incurs an obligation to exert his best abilities to maintain its dignity and honou...
(176) New Scoring for Pain Quality Descriptors: Associations with Quantitative Sensory Testing in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

A simple count of the PAINReportIt® number of neuropathic descriptors (PR-NNP) was only moderately correlated with two other valid neuropathic pain measures. The study aim was to develop a new PR-NNP score that maximizes the accuracy of classifying known groups of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who had sensitization or normal sensation and evaluate its associations with scores on the self-report version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) and the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI). In a cross-sectional, single-session, exploratory study of existing data, 180 adults of African ancestry with SCD completed PAINReportIt® (a computerized version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire), thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing (Medoc TSA II), S-LANSS, and NPSI from April 2015 to August 2017. Among the participants, most were female (59%), and ranging in age between 19 to 66 years (mean = 36.5±11.4). Using the number word count to score the PR-NNP sensitivity was 21% and specificity was 89%. We developed a weighted score for the PR-NNP and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity to sensitization or normal sensation groups. We computed weights for the sensory pain quality descriptors using the logarithms of odds ratios as weights. The logarithms of odds ratio provided a score for the PR-NNP with sensitivity=81% and specificity=60%, which was better than the S-LANSS’ sensitivity=44% and specificity=60% and the NPSI's sensitivity=52% and specificity=71%. Our new score offers a pain screening tool to discriminate between groups with sensitization or normal sensation, which is important for healthcare provider decision making for prescription of analgesics and treatment goals. Future research is recommended to strengthen the value of the PR-NNP for discrimination of pain type by inclusion of other dimensions of pain such as pain intensity. Supported by grant number R01HL124945.
T and B-cell signaling in activated PI3K delta syndrome: From immunodeficiency to autoimmunity

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K) are a family of lipid kinases that are activated by a variety of cell-surface receptors, and regulate a wide range of downstream readouts affecting cellular metabolism, growth, survival, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. The importance of these lipid kinases in lymphocyte signaling has recently been highlighted by genetic analyses, including the recognition that both activating and inactivating mutations of the catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ, p110δ, lead to human primary immunodeficiencies. In this article, we discuss how studies on the human genetic disorder "Activated PI3K-delta syndrome" and mouse models of this disease (Pik3cdE1020K/+ mice) have provided fundamental insight into pathways regulated by PI3Kδ in T and B cells and their contribution to lymphocyte function and disease, including responses to commensal bacteria and the development of autoimmunity and tumors. We highlight critical roles of PI3Kδ in T follicular helper cells and the orchestration of the germinal center reaction, as well as in CD8+ T-cell function. We further present data demonstrating the ability of the AKT-resistant FOXO1AAA mutant to rescue IgG1 class switching defects in Pik3cdE1020K/+ B cells, as well as data supporting a role for PI3Kδ in promoting multiple T-helper effector cell lineages.
Liver Transplantation Who Developed Pancytopenia Post-transplantation

Once the donor becomes deceased, the countdown sets off for the organ to be carefully harvested, packaged, delivered to a transport facility, and finally surgically placed The cold-ischemic time allowed for a donor liver is up to 12 h The liver is a large repository of donor lymphocytes and as many as 2% of patients receiving donor livers might develop graft versus host disease
Racial and ethnic differences in patients involved in alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes and its related clinical outcomes among various age groups in the U.S.

Objective(s): 1) to determine whether the proportion of alcohol-impaired patients involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) varies by race/ethnicity within different age groups; 2) to explore the re...
Intensive collaborative intervention for phonological impairment in young children: evidence for multiple oppositions intervention1

Q (1) Does parent- and SLP-delivered multiple oppositions intervention lead to improvement in the speech accuracy and communicative participation of children (3;3–5;11 [years; months]) with a moder...
Residency Specialty and National Resident Matching Program Outcomes as Predictors of Academic vs Non-Academic Position as an Attending Physician.

Purpose Previous studies have shown that research can be used as a predictive factor for an academic career for physicians in the fields of radiation oncology, orthopedic surgery, and diagnostic radiology. We seek to determine if this factor is predictive for all medical specialties based on an analysis of public data on physicians who have trained at Hershey Medical Center (HMC) and public National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) charting outcomes. Methods We determined the location and job title of all graduates of HMC residency training programs through a combination of publicly available information on HMC's website and other institutions' websites. We separated these into academic and non-academic positions and performed Chi-square analysis to determine if the number of research experiences was predictive of an academic career. Results Participating in the residency specialties of general surgery, pathology, internal medicine, and neurological surgery are statistically significant predictors of an academic career upon graduation. The average number of research experiences obtained by matched U.S. medical students is not a statistically significant predictor of an academic career upon graduation. Conclusion In contrast to previously published studies, a higher number of research experiences in medical school is not a significant predictor of an academic career for attending physicians who graduated residency at HMC.
A case of quinacrine-induced psychosis: case report.

Quinacrine is an older antimalarial drug that remains in use for a variety of illnesses including treatment resistant giardiasis. We report a patient with no prior psychiatric history who developed mild, prodromal psychiatric symptoms when treated with quinacrine for treatment resistant giardiasis. Symptoms resolved when the drug was stopped, recurred with greater severity (requiring involuntary psychiatric hospitalization) when restarted and promptly resolved again when finally stopped. Although quinacrine remains in use today, providers may be unaware of its potential for serious neuropsychiatric toxicity.
Keck Mid-Infrared Imaging of the QSO 2237+0305

Using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on Keck I, we have imaged the gravitationally lensed radio quiet quasi-stellar object (QSO) 2237+0305 at 8.9 and 11.7 microns for the first time. The mid-infrared flux ratios are inconsistent with the optical flux ratios, but agree with the radio flux ratios and with some published gravitational lens models. These flux ratios indicate that the infrared emission is not affected by microlensing, which rules out the synchrotron emission model. The infrared emission is likely produced by hot dust extended on a length scale of more than 0.03 parsecs. The spectral energy distribution further implies a narrow range of dust temperatures, suggesting that the dust may be located in a shell extending between ~1 to 3 parsecs from the nucleus, and intercepting about half of the QSO luminosity.
A Pilot Study of a Moral Injury Group Intervention Co-Facilitated by a Chaplain and Psychologist

Moral injury, an experience of betrayal or transgression of moral values, continues to receive attention because of its associations with psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidality. There is growing recognition that moral injury may require novel interventions that involve religious or spiritual paradigms. This pilot study presents feasibility data and exploratory outcomes for 40 veteran participants across seven cohorts who participated in a novel 12-week moral injury group (MIG) over 35 months. The MIG was cofacilitated by a Veterans Affairs chaplain and psychologist and designed to reduce distress and improve functioning in individuals with histories of morally injurious experiences from military service. The intervention included a ceremony in which participants shared testimonies of their moral injury with the general public. Recruitment feasibility and retention were high, with participants completing an average of 9.45 (SD = 2.82) sessions of the 12-week group, and 32 participants (80.0%) attending nine or more sessions and the community healing ceremony. Exploratory analyses revealed medium effect sizes, ω2 = 0.05-0.08, for reductions in depressive symptoms, improvements in psychological functioning, and self-compassion after the intervention, with small effect sizes, ω2 = 0.03, in anticipated directions for personal growth and spiritual struggles. The results were not impacted by participant engagement in concurrent psychological treatments. Taken together, these findings support the feasibility of the MIG, the potential merit of an interdisciplinary approach to addressing moral injury, and justification for further research into the efficacy of this approach.
Resolution of Cryptogenic New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus with Tocilizumab

Abstract New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) was defined by the International League Against Epilepsy as occurring in patients presenting without a prior diagnosis of epilepsy or other neurological disease, with seizures that persist beyond 24 h. There is still a need to develop new treatment strategies for NORSE, particularly for those patients who are least responsive to conventional medical therapies. We present a case of a young female patient without any medical history presenting with status epilepticus, which was refractory not only to anti-seizure medications and anesthetics, but also to conventional immunomodulatory therapies. After nine weeks of electroclinical seizure activity, the patient responded to two doses of tocilizumab.
Abstract PO045: Inhibition of GAS6/AXL improves efficacy of HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab in uterine serous cancer

Objectives: To determine whether inhibition of GAS6/AXL can improve efficacy to the humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab by decreasing uterine serous cancer cell invasion and cell survival in vitro and tumor burden in vivo. Methods: We treated AXL-expressing and HER2-expressing uterine serous cancer cell lines (ARK1, ARK2) with trastuzumab, AVB-500, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500. Clonogenic cell survival assays were performed. Matrigel invasion assays were used to assess the invasive capacity of ARK2 cells after 24 hours of treatment with vehicle, AVB-500, trastuzumab, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500. A proximity ligation assay was used to examine colocalization of HER2/neu and AXL. Western blots were performed to assess the effects of the individual drugs and combination on phosphorylation of HER2/neu and AXL. An intraperitoneal tumor model with 10 million ARK1 cells was treated with vehicle, AVB-500, trastuzumab, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500 for 35 days. The number, size, and volume of tumor nodules were measured. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis. Results: We found decreased cell survival by clonogenic assays in ARK1 and ARK2 cells treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 compared to trastuzumab alone (relative absorbance 0.155 nm vs 0.202 nm, P=0.015). There was significantly less invasion from treatment with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 than with trastuzumab alone (3.2 vs 17.8 invading tumor cells/hpf, P=0.0004). Western blot showed that cells treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 had reduced phospho-AXL compared to cells treated with AVB-500 or trastuzumab alone. Furthermore, the proximity ligation assay demonstrated co-localization of the AXL and HER2 receptors in both ARK1 and ARK2 cells indicating a physical closeness that could account for this co-regulation. We found that mice treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 developed significantly less tumor burden than mice treated with trastuzumab alone (0.03205 g vs 0.08316 g, P= 0.024), AVB-500 alone (0.0320 g vs 0.1638 g, P Citation Format: Joan Tankou, Michael Toboni, Hollie Noia, Alyssa Oplt, Daniel Wilke, Dineo Khabele, Lindsay Kuroki, Andrea Hagemann, Carolyn McCourt, Premal Thaker, David Mutch, Matthew Powell, Katherine Fuh. Inhibition of GAS6/AXL improves efficacy of HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab in uterine serous cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO045.
Complications of femoral arterial lines in infants under 12 months

Background: The risks of femoral arterial line placement in young children have been incompletely defined. We hypothesized that a low complication rate would be associated with ultrasound use. Subjects and Methods: Infants aged 0–12 months undergoing placement of a femoral arterial line at our institution over a 3.5-year period were identified through billing data, and their records were reviewed. Events concerning each line were recorded individually. Patients were excluded if there was incomplete documentation or if the line was in place for under 24 h. Demographics, information about line placement, and complications were recorded. Results: Three hundred and sixty-four femoral arterial lines were included. Eighty percent of lines were placed in the operating room, with the rest placed in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) (11%), the cardiac catheterization lab (6%), or the pediatric ICU (3%). Femoral artery occlusion occurred with 16% of lines placed, and limb ischemia in 6%. One patient had tissue loss. Occlusion was associated with lower gestational age at birth (44 [40–57] vs. 50 [41–60], P = 0.04), lower weight (3.7 [3.1–5.7] vs. 4.3 kg [3.3–6.2], P = 0.05), left-sided lines (52% vs. 66%, P = 0.05), placement in interventional catheterization lab (odds ratio [OR]: 3.28, confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–8.67, P = 0.02), >2 attempts (27% vs. 13%, P Conclusion: Femoral arterial catheter placement in infants younger than 12 months resulted in a 16% rate of arterial occlusion at our institution, which was associated with low gestational age, larger catheter size, and left-sided lines but not ultrasound use, line duration, catheter length, use of anticoagulation, physician specialty, or physician training level.
Role of coronary artery calcium score in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

First developed in 1990, the Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an international guideline-endorsed decision aid for further risk assessment and personalized management in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review discusses key international studies that have informed this 30 year journey, from an initial coronary plaque screening paradigm to its current role informing personalized shared decision making. Special attention is paid to the prognostic value of a CAC score of zero (the so called "power of zero"), which, in a context of low estimated risk thresholds for the consideration of preventive therapy with statins in current guidelines, may be used to de-risk individuals and thereby inform the safe delay or avoidance of certain preventive therapies. We also evaluate current recommendations for CAC scoring in clinical practice guidelines around the world, and past and prevailing barriers for its use in routine patient care. Finally, we discuss emerging approaches in this field, with a focus on the potential role of CAC informing not only the personalized allocation of statins and aspirin in the general population, but also of other risk-reduction therapies in special populations, such as individuals with diabetes and people with severe hypercholesterolemia.
An explicit solution to a tandem queueing model

We consider two queues in tandem, each with an exponential server, and with deterministic arrivals to the first queue. We obtain an explicit solution for the steady state distribution of the process (N_1(t), N_2(t), Y(t)), where N_j(t) is the queue length in the jth queue and Y(t) measures the time elapsed since the last arrival. Then we obtain the marginal distributions of (N_1(t), N_2(t)) and of N_2(t). We also evaluate the solution in various limiting cases, such as heavy traffic.
Surface Tension Effects on the Onset of Double-Diffusive Convection

Experiments have been carried out to determine the critical thermal Rayleigh number for onset of convection in a horizontal layer of density-stratified fluid with a free surface when heated from below. Three different aqueous solutions were used: salt, glycerol, and acetic acid. The rates of change in surface tension with concentration for these three solutions are positive, nearly zero, and negative, respectively. Compared to the rigid-rigid boundaries, the critical thermal Rayleigh number was found to be larger by 11.2% for the salt solution and smaller by 10.0% for the glycerol solution. With the acetic acid solution, however, the effect of the free surface was found to be negligible.
Design and analysis of isentropic compression experiments

This paper briefly summarizes the use of magnetic flux compression to isentropically compress matter. Details of the process used to extract boundary data from the flash radiographs and the design criteria for the containment of very compressible material are discussed. Finally, suggestions for improvement of the next generation of experiments are made.