cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shadow bands in models of correlated electrons

A consequence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations in models of high-Tc cuprates is the appearance in photoemission (PES) calculations of considerable more weight above the Fermi momentum PF than expected for non-interacting electrons. This effect, qualitatively discussed by Kampf and Schrieffer under the name of “shadow bands”, is here quantitatively analyzed in the two dimensional Hubbard and t-J models using Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization techniques in the realistic strong coupling regime.
Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: a consensus statement on its role in the definition and evaluation of effective treatments for the illness.

Background Truly effective treatments for schizophrenia require much more than clinical efficacy. Symptom improvement is all that is required to demonstrate clinical efficacy. However, for a treatment to be effective in a wide-ranging manner, improvement in various life domains, such as social functioning, independent living, and employment, should also be found. Thus, a much wider range of improvements, not widely produced by previous treatments, is required to take treatment for schizophrenia to a new level of effectiveness. Consensus process A teleconference consensus meeting was held with the bylined authors on December 10, 2002, to explore the factors that hinder the most effective treatments for schizophrenia. We argue that a possible unifying factor underlying these apparently disparate domains of effective treatment is cognitive functioning, which is impaired in people with schizophrenia. Treatment of cognitive dysfunction may have a central role in increasing the breadth of effective treatment for schizophrenia. Conclusions Novel antipsychotics and specific cognitive-enhancing medications have preliminarily been shown to have cognitive benefits that might lead to broader effectiveness of treatments, eventually reflected in improvements in the daily lives of patients. These treatments may have their greatest impact when combined with focused psychological interventions. While the research to date does not provide a large number of successes, this area will be one of considerable research interest for the next decade, with developments likely to be very important to clinicians treating patients with schizophrenia.
Modulation of Major Histocompatibility Class II Protein Expression by Varicella-Zoster Virus

We sought to investigate the effects of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-stimulated expression of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on human fibroblasts. IFN-gamma treatment induced cell surface MHC class II expression on 60 to 86% of uninfected cells, compared to 20 to 30% of cells which had been infected with VZV prior to the addition of IFN-gamma. In contrast, cells that were treated with IFN-gamma before VZV infection had profiles of MHC class II expression similar to those of uninfected cell populations. Neither IFN-gamma treatment nor VZV infection affected the expression of transferrin receptor (CD71). In situ and Northern blot hybridization of MHC II (MHC class II DR-alpha) RNA expression in response to IFN-gamma stimulation revealed that MHC class II DR-alpha mRNA accumulated in uninfected cells but not in cells infected with VZV. When skin biopsies of varicella lesions were analyzed by in situ hybridization, MHC class II transcripts were detected in areas around lesions but not in cells that were infected with VZV. VZV infection inhibited the expression of Stat 1alpha and Jak2 proteins but had little effect on Jak1. Analysis of regulatory events in the IFN-gamma signaling pathway showed that VZV infection inhibited transcription of interferon regulatory factor 1 and the MHC class II transactivator. This is the first report that VZV encodes an immunomodulatory function which directly interferes with the IFN-gamma signal transduction via the Jak/Stat pathway and enables the virus to inhibit IFN-gamma induction of cell surface MHC class II expression. This inhibition of MHC class II expression on VZV-infected cells in vivo may transiently protect cells from CD4(+) T-cell immune surveillance, facilitating local virus replication and transmission during the first few days of cutaneous lesion formation.
A learned comparative expression measure for Affymetrix genechip DNA microarrays

Perhaps the most common question that a microarray study can ask is, "Between two given biological conditions, which genes exhibit changed expression levels?" Existing methods for answering this question either generate a comparative measure based upon a static model, or take an indirect approach, first estimating absolute expression levels and then comparing the estimated levels to one another. We present a method for detecting changes in gene expression between two samples based on data from Affymetrix GeneChips. Using a library of over 200,000 known cases of differential expression, we create a learned comparative expression measure (LCEM) based on classification of probe-level data patterns as changed or unchanged. LCEM uses perfect match probe data only; mismatch probe values did not prove to be useful in this context. LCEM is particularly powerful in the case of small microarry studies, in which a regression-based method such as RMA cannot generalize, and in detecting small expression changes. At the levels of selectivity that are typical in microarray analysis, the LCEM shows a lower false discovery rate than either MAS5 or RMA trained from a single chip. When many chips are available to RMA, LCEM performs better on two out of the three data sets, and nearly as well on the third. Performance of the MAS5 log ratio statistic was notably bad on all datasets.
Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: t-PA for everyone?

/. Thrombolysis saves lives. The pooled results of five major randomized trials of thrombolytic therapy versus placebo demonstrated an absolute decrease in mortality of 2 to 3 patients per 100 treated and a reduction in relative mortality of 27% in comparison with nonthrombolytic management.5 2. The time interval is critical. The interval from onset of symptoms of infarction to initiation of treatment has consistently been shown to be one of the most important factors in mortality reduction. In the first Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSII) trial,6 patients treated within 1 hour after onset of pain had a relative reduction in mortality of 50%, whereas those treated after 6 hours had no significant reduction in mortality. Similar effects of time to treatment have been found in all thrombolytic trials, including the GUSTO study. In the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) trial,7 patients who received thrombolysis within 70 minutes after onset of symptoms had a 1.2% mortality in contrast with an approximately 8.7% mortality in patients who received treatment after 70 minutes.
Associations between China monsoon rainfall and tropospheric jets

Strong associations, in both the annual cycle and interannual variations, between east China monsoon rainfall and tropospheric jets are established with the use of observations and general-circulation model simulations. Two distinct systems dominate regional rainfall: the east Asian jet stream (EAJ) in the north and the Hadley cell in the south. The EAJ is associated with Mei-Yu and polar fronts as well as vigorous jet-transverse circulations, whereas the Hadley cell is allied to tropical upper-level easterlies and intertropical convergence zone convection. An equatorward EAJ displacement causes precipitation to increase over south-central (south) China during June-August (January-March). Conversely, a poleward shift of the summer (winter) EAJ brings heavier precipitation over north (central-north) China. On the other hand, over the South China Sea the Hadley cell influence prevails and, consequently, increased rainfalls concur with enhanced lower-level westerlies. Furthermore, the EAJ fluctuations are strongly coupled with southern oscillation variations. Their interactions tend to precede (follow) El Nino phenomena during October through May (summer). The EAJ related flow anomalies also have potential skill to predict China rainfall interannual variability. To conclude, a realistic China monsoon simulation requires accurate representation of the EAJ and Hadley cell. Both features link regional rainfall to tropical and extratropical planetary-scale circulations and, in turn, to global surface characteristics.
Comparative study of the performance of analog fiber optic links versus free-space optical links

Optical fiber offers many advantages over coaxial cable for the transmission of radio frequency rf signals in antenna-remoting ap- plications, as well as cellular networks and cable television CATV sig- nal distribution networks. Optical fiber shows significantly less loss, can support signals demanding much higher bandwidth, is immune to elec- tromagnetic interference EMI, and enables considerable size and weight savings when compared to coaxial cable. Free-space optics FSO communications is a technology that uses modulated optical beams to transmit information line of sight through the atmosphere. FSO can be deployed faster and cheaper when compared with optical fiber. Recently, FSO has been investigated by the telecommunications indus- try and research centers to transport digital signals for civilian "last mile" applications and military applications. We demonstrate the successful transport of modulated rf analog signals over an FSO link and compare key performance measures against a fiber optic link configured in an identical manner. Results of measurements of optical power, transmis- sion response, reflection response, group delay that defines phase dis- tortion, carrier-to-noise ratio CNR, and dynamic range that defines non- linear distortion are presented. Results from this comparative study indicate that FSO for rf applications is a suitable replacement for fiber optic transmission links over short distances. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical
The Cross-Cultural Evolution of the Subordinate Influence Ethics Measure

The purpose of our article is to describe the initial development process of the subordinate influ- ence ethics (SIE) measure, an instrument that was cross- culturally conceived, designed, and validity tested to measure upward influence ethics strategies of professional subordinates across different societies, as well as within a single society. Development of the SIE began by defining the SIE constructs through theoretical review and empir- ical (nominal group technique) assessments in Germany, France, Hong Kong, and the U.S. In the present mea- surement development phase, the SIE has been found to consist of three distinct dimensions: pro-organizational behaviors, self-serving behaviors, and maliciously intended behaviors. The construct validity of the SIE was examined across 4113 subjects from 30 countries. A reduced model of the SIE was developed empirically to represent the ''best model'' for the three-factor scale.
PAR-Constrained Training Signal Designs for MIMO OFDM Channel Estimation in the Presence of Frequency Offsets

Training signals for OFDM channel estimation should possess low PAR to avoid nonlinear distortions at the transmit amplifier and at the same time they should be robust against frequency offsets. In this letter, we show that the above two requirements of the training signals are conflicting. We propose two new training signal designs for MIMO OFDM frequency-selective channel estimation. Our proposed training signals achieve more robust channel estimation performance against frequency offsets while satisfying the PAR constraints compared to training signals designed to achieve a fixed low PAR but without any consideration for robustness to frequency offsets.
Utility of image enhancement methods in three-dimensional ultrasound reconstruction

A computer algorithm utilizing image enhancement methods to simplify the extraction of three-dimensional (3-D) volumes from ultrasound images has been developed. The contrast of the image was increased by using histogram sliding and stretching and adaptive histogram equalization to facilitate interactive thresholding. Artifacts were removed while anatomic details were preserved through the use of mathematical morphologic filtering. Median filtering helped to remove remaining noise and smooth edges. Binary masks defining the object borders were created from the enhanced images and used to extract the object from the original data set so that the original backscatter texture was preserved. The method is demonstrated with images acquired in vitro and in vivo. >
Quantifying stream-aquifer interactions through the analysis of remotely sensed thermographic profiles and in situ temperature histories.

The interaction between surface and subsurface waters through hyporheic exchange and baseflow is critical to maintaining ecological health in streams. During warm periods, groundwater−surface water interactions have two primary effects on stream temperature: (1) cool groundwater discharging as baseflow lowers stream temperature and (2) hyporheic exchange buffers diurnal stream temperature variations. We demonstrate, for the first time, how high-resolution, remotely sensed forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images and instream temperature data can be used to quantify detailed spatial patterns of groundwater discharge to a 1.7 km reach of Cottonwood Creek in Plumas National Forest, CA. We quantify the individual effects of baseflow and hyporheic exchange on stream temperatures by simulating the stream energy budget under different conceptual models of the stream−aquifer interaction. Observed spatial and temporal patterns of stream temperature are consistent with an increase in baseflow and hyporheic exchange ...
Generally speaking : The logic and mechanics of social pattern analysis

This paper examines social pattern analysis, the yet-unarticulated research strategy that guides formal sociologists in their efforts to distill generic social patterns from their specific cultural, situational, and historical contexts. Following in the implicit methodological footsteps of Georg Simmel, social pattern analysts view specific sociohistorical configurations as mere instantiations of such patterns, thereby deliberately disregarding various idiosyncrasies of the particular communities, events, and social situations they examine. Analytically focused, they thus draw their evidence from multiple social contexts, thereby making their essentially decontextualized findings more generalizable. Furthermore, in sharp contrast to historians and ethnographers, they try to highlight universality rather than singularity, thereby focusing their attention on the common formal features of any given pattern across those contexts while deliberately ignoring differences among its various specific manifestations. The outcome of such transcultural, transsituational, and transhistorical (that is, transcontextual) mode of inquiry is an empirically grounded ‘‘social geometry.’’
Evaluation of a reduced MR imaging sequencing protocol in adult patients with stroke.

PURPOSE: To compare a reduced (three-sequence) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol with a full (eight- to 10-sequence) MR imaging protocol in adults suspected of having stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six neuroradiologists interpreted a consecutive sample of 265 MR images in patients suspected of having stroke. Each read reduced-protocol images in a discrete series of 40 patients (one read images in only 15) and corresponding full-protocol images 1 month later (reduced/full protocol). Five of the readers each read images in 10 additional cases, five each as full/full and reduced/reduced protocol controls. κ values between full and reduced protocols, reader assessment of protocol adequacy, confidence level, and need for additional sequences or examinations were evaluated. RESULTS: In the reduced/full protocol, the κ value for detecting ischemia was 0.797; and that for detecting any clinically important abnormality, 0.635. Statistically similar κ values were found with the full/full control design (κ = ...
Dubbing culture: Indonesian gay and lesbi subjectivities and ethnography in an already globalized world

In this article I explore how Indonesians come to see themselves as lesbi or gay through fragmentary encounters with mainstream mass media (rather than lesbian and gay Westerners or Western lesbian and gay media). By placing this ethnographic material alongside a recent debate on the dubbing of foreign television programs into the Indonesian language, I develop a theoretical framework of "dubbing culture" to critically analyze globalizing processes. [globalization, homosexuality, identity, Indonesia, mass media, nationalism, postcolonial]
Kinetic analysis of tRNA-directed transcription antitermination of the Bacillus subtilis glyQS gene in vitro.

Binding of uncharged tRNA to the nascent transcript promotes readthrough of a leader region transcription termination signal in genes regulated by the T box transcription antitermination mechanism. Each gene in the T box family responds independently to its cognate tRNA, with specificity determined by base pairing of the tRNA to the leader at the anticodon and acceptor ends of the tRNA. tRNA binding stabilizes an antiterminator element in the transcript that sequesters sequences that participate in formation of the terminator helix. tRNAGly-dependent antitermination of the Bacillus subtilis glyQS leader was previously demonstrated in a purified in vitro assay system. This assay system was used to investigate the kinetics of transcription through the glyQS leader and the effect of tRNA and transcription elongation factors NusA and NusG on transcriptional pausing and antitermination. Several pause sites, including a major site in the loop of stem III of the leader, were identified, and the effect of modulation of pausing on antitermination efficiency was analyzed. We found that addition of tRNAGly can promote antitermination as long as the tRNA is added before the majority of the transcription complexes reach the termination site, and variations in pausing affect the requirements for timing of tRNA addition.
The vulnerable blood. Coagulation and clot structure in diabetes mellitus.

Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While arteriosclerotic lesions have long been recognized as the underlying cause more recent studies suggest that alterations of the blood are also critically involved. Following plaque rupture, adherence of platelets is followed by the formation of a cross-linked fibrin clot. Patients with diabetes exhibit a prothrombotic milieu consisting of hyper reactive platelets, a tight and rigid clot structure which is due to up-regulation of coagulation factors and prolongation of clot lysis. Metabolic alterations as well as inflammatory processes, which are up–regulated in diabetes, are thought to be the main underlying causes. More recently, the complement cascade has emerged as a potential new player in this context with several complement components directly influencing both platelet function and coagulation. This review provides an overview concerning the changes that lead to alterations of platelet function and clot structure in diabetes.
Promising to Be Prudent: A Private Law Approach to Mortgage Loan Regulation in Common-Interest Communities

This Article explores one possible private law prescription that may help common-interest communities avoid the financial disaster associated with foreclosure epidemics-a financing restriction that would limit (1) the ability of any homeowner in a common-interest community to borrow excessively against the value of her home, and (2) the ability of lenders to make loans that a homeowner does not have the ability to repay. Part I of this Article begins in the Great Depression with a discussion of Neponsit Property Owners' Association v. Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, w exploring how the case both fostered the development of common-interest communities and foreshadowed the current crisis in which common-interest communities find themselves. Part I also discusses reasons why commoninterest communities may have evolved without the inclusion of a financing restriction. Part II explains the failure of the regulatory system to prevent the mortgage crisis and outlines recent regulatory changes. Part II also discusses the advantages of this private law approach in protecting commoninterest communities. Part III analyzes the legal enforceability of a financing restriction, while Part IV outlines some of the practical challenges to implementing financing restrictions in the marketplace. Part V sets forth a proposed financing restriction for integration into the documents for common-interest communities.
Selective Literature Review and Selective Data Analyses: Implications for the (Re)Analysis of Public Access Research Data

ABSTRACTThis article addresses concerns raised by Pashler et al. (2016/this issue) about the effect size and data of Study 3 of Chatterjee et al. (2013). The analysis of the original data of Study 3, corrected for coding errors, shows that cash priming is associated with cost-related words (Cohen’s d = 0.49) and effect sizes of all three studies are within the range reported in the relevant literature. While this article underscores the importance of public access to research data to strengthen research enterprise, it alerts researchers that the use of selective literature and partial analysis can lead to misleading inferences.
Whiteness Studies: The New History of Race in America

Suddenly whiteness studies are everywhere. The rapid proliferation of a genre that appears to have come out of nowhere is little short of astonishing: a recent keyword search on my university library's electronic catalog yielded fifty-one books containing the word "whiteness" in their titles, almost all published in the past decade and most published in the past five years.1 All around us, American historians and scholars in related disciplines from sociology and law to cultural studies and education are writing books with titles such as The White Scourge, How the Irish Became White, Making Whiteness, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness, and Critical White Studies.2 Although the term "whiteness studies" might at first glance suggest works that promote white identity or constitute part of a racist backlash against multiculturalism and "political correctness," virtually all the whiteness studies authors seek to confront white privilege-that is, racism-and virtually all identify at some level with the political Left. Most of them see a close link between their scholarly efforts and the goal of creating a more humane social order. Whiteness studies authors manifest a wide variety of approaches. In many of the disciplines outside history, prescriptive policy goals assume a central position; writing on whiteness in education, for example, Nelson M. Rodriguez calls for the creation of "'pedagogies of whiteness' as a counterhegemonic act" predicated on the need to "refigure whiteness in antiracist, antihomophobic, and antisexist ways."3 Although
Synthesis of Zirconium- and Titanium-Based Alloys with the Use of Their Hydrides

We study the problem of synthesis of zirconium- and Zr–Ti-based alloys with the use of zirconium- and titanium-hydride powders. In the proposed approach, hydrogen plays the role of a temporary alloying admixture to these metals. Hydrogen is evacuated from the materials in the course of heating in vacuum and causes a series of phase transitions activating the processes of sintering and chemical homogenization of powder systems. Then the concentration of hydrogen in synthesized alloys decreases to safe levels. We develop the procedures guaranteeing the formation of microstructurally uniform alloys with small amounts of residual pores. The mechanical properties of these alloys correspond to the properties of the alloys obtained by using conventional technologies.
Development and distribution of lysosomal enzymes and disaccharidases in human fetal intestine.

The development and topographic distribution of some lysosomal enzymes (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, arylsulfatase, and acid phosphatase) and four disaccharidases (lactase, sucrase, maltase, and palatinase) were studied in human fetuses aged 10 to 24 weeks. The specific activities of these enzymes were compared with those of a premature baby (28 weeks gestation) and a baby born at term (39 weeks), as well as those observed in children between the ages of 2 and 11 months. The ranges of specific activities of all enzymes except lactase were comparable to those in older infants, even at the earliest time point studied. The topography of the disaccharidases and α-glucosidase (lysosomal enzyme, assayed at pH 4.0) was similar: the highest activity was found in the proximal jejunum and levels decreased significantly along the rest of the small intestine. β-Galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase showed the maximum activity in the midsmall intestine, while for β-glucosidase, activity was sustained at a high level throughout the proximal and midsmall intestine, but fell distally. Arylsulfatase activity was essentially constant along the entire small intestine.
Xbox Kinect Gaming Systems as a Supplemental Tool Within a Physical Education Setting: Third and Fourth Grade Students' Perspectives

Literature indicates that technology, including exergaming, is popular among adolescents and can be used as a supplemental tool in the physical education classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine third and fourth grade students’ perceived enjoyment and exertion levels toward exergaming in relation to traditional physical education. The participants included 148 third and fourth grade elementary students. Each student completed two surveys (10 items each): one after a traditional PE lesson (gym) and one after participating in a lesson taught in an exergaming lab (MKR). Each survey consisted of two parts: seven enjoyment questions and three perceived exertion questions. Using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), students marked responses to reflect their enjoyment toward and perceived exertion levels for each setting of physical education. The results indicate students enjoyed the MKR (Mean Rank = 75.75) significantly more than the traditional gym (Mean Rank = 49.15) setting, z = 4.53, p < .001. However, the students felt they worked harder in the gym (Mean Rank = 73.21) compared to the MKR (Mean Rank = 51.15), z = 4.11, p < .001. With this study, physical educators will be exposed to the implications of integrating exergaming into a physical education environment.
Helium Production in Pure Elements, Isotopes, and Alloy Steels by 14.8-MeV Neutrons

The results of an extensive series of total helium production cross-section measurements for incident neutrons in the 14- to 15-MeV energy region are presented, and an experimental data base for th...
Measurement of Radiation from Selected TD-2 Microwave Relay Stations

The optimum frequency band for satellite communication systems is generally· agreed to be between 1 and 10 Gc. Frequencies in this band are, however, already allocated. One solution to this spectrum occupancy problem is frequency sharing, and one of the systems in this band with which a satellite system might have to coexist is the TD-2 microwave radio relay system (3.7-4. 2 Gc). This paper presents the measured radiation characteristics of several representative TD-2 transmitting terminals. Both ground and airborne measurements are discussed. It is concluded that, subject to some precautions, back and side-lobe patterns measured in the horizontal plane on an antenna range with ground effects minimized can be used to predict radiation in the vertical plane from these same antennas placed over actual ground. Such a technique, of course, presupposes that the antenna of interest has been properly designed to somewhat suppress side and back lobes.
A Multi-Method Approach to Inferring Early Agriculturalists’ Stone Tool Use at the Crescent Bay Hunt Club Site

ABSTRACTWhile there has been much research on the function of stone tools via use-wear analysis, it is clear that a multipronged approach, including an evaluation of material acquisition, production, and tool use, is necessary if tool function is going to prove truly useful for understanding past cultures. Moreover, the role of chipped lithic tools in the economies of agriculture-based populations has seen little research compared to preagricultural systems. A sample of lithic artifacts from the Crescent Bay Hunt Club site, a twelfth- to fourteenth-century Oneota village at Lake Koshkonong in southeastern Wisconsin, are subjected to a multiple-method analysis to determine individual tool use. An assemblage-based analysis provides an overall understanding of the lithic economy. A combination of microscopic identification of edge damage and surface polishes and an analysis of protein residue provides independent lines of evidence that yield strong inferences about tool use in the lithic economies of sedenta...
CW-powered squegging micromechanical clock generator

A mechanical circuit has been demonstrated that harnesses squegging to convert −50dBm of input continuous-wave (CW) energy into a local 1-kHz clock output while consuming three orders less local battery power than a typical real-time clock (RTC). Unlike a previous clock receiver that relied on a modulated RF input, this clock generator converts a CW input — no modulation needed — to a clock output via squegging of an impacting micromechanical resonant switch (“resoswitch”). Here, impact-induced disruption compels the device's resonating element to lose oscillation amplitude (hence stop impacting), then recover to impact again, only to again lose amplitude, in a periodic and repeatable fashion. The resulting time domain waveform, with periodic peaks and valleys, then provides a stable frequency that serves as a local on-board clock for low data rate applications. By dispensing with the need for a positive feedback sustaining amplifier, this CW-powered mechanical clock generator operates with only 0.8nW of battery power when outputting a triangle-wave into 0.8pF, which is 1250× lower than the μW of a typical RTC.
Assessment of overall survival from time of metastastasis in mucosal, uveal, and cutaneous melanoma.

9074 Background: Rarer subtypes of melanoma such as mucosal melanoma (MM) and uveal melanoma (UM) are thought to be associated with worse prognoses than cutaneous melanoma (CM). Comparison of OS in...
Static fault localization of subtle metallization defects using near infrared photon emission microscopy

Abstract In this paper, two electroluminescence phenomena, which enabled the static electrical fault localization of subtle back-end-of-line metallization defects using near-infrared photon emission microscopy in the logic circuitry and the memory array, are described. In the logic circuitry, through the study of the defect-induced hot carrier emissions from the combinational logic gates, distinctive differences in emission characteristic between open and short defects are identified. Using this defect induced emission characterization approach, together with layout trace and analysis, the type of defect can be predicted. The defect physical location, which yielded no detectable hotspot signal, can also be narrowed down along the long failure net. This allows for the selection of the most appropriate physical failure analysis approach for defect viewing and thus achieving significant reduction in failure analysis cycle time. In the memory array, the weak emission from partially turned-on pass gate transistor is leveraged to localize marginal opens and shorts on the wordline node of the pass-gate transistor. These approaches are applied with great success in the foundry environment to localize yield limiting defects that resulted in SCAN and memory build-in self-test failure, without memory bitmap, diagnostic support or measurable IDD leakage, on advanced technology nodes devices. A discussion on the factors that influence the success rate of this approach is also provided.
Evaluation of Photochemistry Reaction Kinetics to Pattern Bioactive Proteins on Hydrogels for Biological Applications

Bioactive signals play many important roles on cell function and behavior. In most biological studies, soluble biochemical cues such as growth factors or cytokines are added directly into the media to maintain and/or manipulate cell activities in vitro. However, these methods cannot accurately mimic certain in vivo biological signaling motifs, which are often immobilized to extracellular matrix and also display spatial gradients that are critical for tissue morphology. Besides biochemical cues, biophysical properties such as substrate stiffness can influence cell behavior but is not easy to manipulate under conventional cell culturing practices. Recent development in photocrosslinkable hydrogels provides new tools that allow precise control of spatial biochemical and biophysical cues for biological applications, but doing so requires a comprehensive study on various hydrogel photochemistry kinetics to allow thorough photocrosslink reaction while maintain protein bioactivities at the same time. In this paper, we studied several photochemistry reactions and evaluate key photochemical parameters, such as photoinitiators and ultra-violet (UV) exposure times, to understand their unique contributions to undesired protein damage and cell death. Our data illustrates the retention of protein function and minimize of cell health during photoreactions requires careful selection of photoinitiator type and concentration, and UV exposure times. We also developed a robust method based on thiol-norbornene chemistry for independent control of hydrogel stiffness and spatial bioactive patterns. Overall, we highlight a class of bioactive hydrogels to stiffness control and site specific immobilized bioactive proteins/peptides for the study of cellular behavior such as cellular attraction, repulsion and stem cell fate.
Abstract 103: Hospital-Level Differences in Use of Do Not Resuscitate Orders in PaWith Pneumonia, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Congestive Heart Failure in California

Background: Hospitals vary in their use of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders. Whether this variability in DNR use is consistent across multiple diagnoses at a hospital or is unique to certain diagnos...
Breast tumor location in BRCA mutation carriers and implications for prevention.

e13048Background: Although pathogenic mutations in the BRCA gene are known to confer a high risk of breast cancer, close to 65% of mutation carriers do not opt for prophylactic mastectomy. These wo...
Validity and Reliability of the Hutchins Behavior Inventory: A Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Analysis.

The authors provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the Hutchins Behavior Inventory, an instrument designed to assess a client's thinking, feeling, or acting dominance.
Dimeric IL-2 induces necrosis of Interleukin-2 receptor positive cells (CCR6P.217)

Mice deficient in T regulatory cells (T regs) die from systemic inflammation. Breeding these mice with IL-2KO mice clears inflammation in lungs and skin, suggesting that IL-2 has pro-inflammatory functions beyond promoting survival of T regs. We recently identified a dimeric form of IL2 mammalian tissues that is cytotoxic to cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), which provides an explanation for the above. Exposure of IL-2R+ cells to dimeric IL-2 results in rapid release of LDH. We hypothesized that dimer-mediated cell death is consistent with the characteristics of necrosis. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Jurkat cells to dimeric IL-2 and processed them for electron microscopy at 5 minutes. EM revealed swollen nuclear membranes and mitochondria consistent with early necrosis. Exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to dimeric IL-2 induced 50% loss of cellular ATP at 5 minutes and nearly complete loss at 20 minutes. Using the mitochondrial membrane potential indicator JC-1 in VSMC, nearly all mitochondria lost their MMP by 10 minutes. These data indicate that dimeric IL-2 kills cells by necrosis. Our finding that dimeric IL-2 is cytotoxic to cells expressing IL-2R, lymphoid or non-lymphoid, has implications beyond the immune system. These studies combined with prior studies showing presence of matrix-bound IL-2 in arteries, suggests dimeric IL-2 may contribute to vascular inflammation in processes such as atherosclerosis.
Improvement in Energy-Efficiency with Off-Chip MAHA

This chapter first arrives at an optimal architecture for an off-chip MAHA framework based on SLC NAND Flash technology. The viability of mapping diverse applications to this framework is studied and the energy-efficiency of the mapped applications is compared against a baseline model, i.e. a software based execution with no acceleration. Next the efficiency of this off-chip accelerator with commercial FPGA and GPU based acceleration. Finally a details of an emulation setup which validates the functionality of the MAHA framework is presented. Both simulation and emulation results presented in this chapter confirm that an off-chip in-memory accelerator can reap considerable gains in energy-efficiency for data-intensive tasks.
Impact of a pharmacist-physician collaborative care model on patient outcomes and health services utilization.

Purpose The impact of a pharmacist–physician collaborative care model on patient outcomes and health services utilization is described. Methods Six hospitals from the Carilion Clinic health system in southwest Virginia, along with 22 patient-centered medical home (PCMH) practices affiliated with Carilion Clinic, participated in this project. Eligibility criteria included documented diagnosis of 2 or more of the 7 targeted chronic conditions (congestive heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and depression), prescriptions for 4 or more medications, and having a primary care physician in the Carilion Clinic health system. A total of 2,480 evaluable patients were included in both the collaborative care group and the usual care group. The primary clinical outcomes measured were the absolute change in values associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia management from baseline within and between the collaborative care and usual care groups. Results Significant improvements ( p Conclusion Inclusion of clinical pharmacists in this physician–pharmacist collaborative care–based PCMH model was associated with significant improvements in patients’ medication-related clinical health outcomes and a reduction in hospitalizations.
Associations between Molecular Biomarkers and MR-based cartilage composition and Knee Joint Morphology: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Author(s): Joseph, GB; Nevitt, MC; McCulloch, CE; Neumann, J; Lynch, JA; Heilmeier, U; Lane, NE; Link, TM | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between serum/urine biomarkers for osteoarthritis and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measures of cartilage composition and joint structure (cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow), using MR imaging data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). DESIGN:141 subjects with Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grades 0-3 in the right knee and with available serum/urine biomarker assays were selected from the OAI. Cartilage magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 measurements were performed in the medial femur, lateral femur, medial tibia, lateral tibia, and patella compartments. Compartment-specific knee morphologic grading [whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS)] in the cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow was also performed. We focused on associations of serum hyaluronan (sHA), serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP), serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (sMMP3), and Urine Carboxy-Terminal Telepeptides of Type II Collagen (uCtX-II)) with MRI parameters (T2, WORMS), assessed using partial correlations adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), KL grade in both knees, and diabetes status. RESULTS:Higher levels of sHA, sMMP3 and sCOMP were correlated (Pnln0.05) with T2 of the lateral femur (rn=n0.18 to 0.32) and lateral tibia (rn=n0.17 to 0.23), and with average T2 of all knee regions (rn=n0.23). uCTXII was correlated with patellar T2 (rn=n0.19, Pn=n0.04). Among the morphologic measures, sHA and sMMP3 was positively correlated (rn=n0.17 to 0.21, Pnln0.05) with meniscal damage. CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests weak, but statistically significant, correlations between serum biomarkers of OA (sHA, sCOMP, and sMMP3) and MRI T2 measures of cartilage extra-cellular matrix degeneration.
Retinal pigment epithelial transplants and retinal function in RCS rats.

PURPOSE: To determine if retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation maintains visual function in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) strain of rats. METHODS: Twelve RCS rats received RPE transplants at 16 to 20 days after birth. The retinas were studied electrophysiologically and histologically from 3 to 10 months after transplantation and compared with 11 RCS controls and 11 normal rats of comparable ages. A microelectrode was guided to the transplant site visible by its pigmentation in the albinotic RCS retina to detect responses. RESULTS: Spontaneous ganglion cell activity was present in all retinas. Ganglion cell responses to light were detected in 9 of the 12 transplant eyes but not in any of the 11 controls. 96, 44, 140 units were encountered and 30%, 0%, 97% were driven by light respectively in transplant, control, and normal retinas. In transplants 36%, 29%, and 28% were driven at 3 to 4, 6 to 7, and 10 months after transplantation, respectively. Intraretinal ERGs with both a- and b-waves were recorded in 5 of the 8 transplants studied. None of the RCS controls studied had an IERG. The average IERG was 2.5 microV (SD = 1.9) in transplants and 59 microV (SD = 19) in normal retinas. The electrode track was traced to the transplant site in six of the seven retinas that were responsive to light and examined histologically. CONCLUSION: RPE transplants to RCS rats maintain retinal function in the transplant site for long periods of time.
Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte Catabolism in Rat Liver: The Separate Roles of Parenchymal and Sinusoidal Cells

The liver participates in the removal from the circulation of both damaged red blood cells (RBC) and plasma hemoglobin. The specific hepatic cell types involved in these processes have been identified by fractionation of rat liver into pure isolates of parenchymal and sinusoidal cells. After injection of 59Fe-labeled hemoglobin, 85%-95% of the radioactivity in the liver was associated with the parenchymal cells, regardless of whether the hemoglobin was bound to haptoglobin or was free in plasma. By contrast, 59Fe-labeled spherocytic RBC were sequestered entirely by the sinusoidal cell population. Stimulation of microsomal heme oxygenase by administered hemoglobin or RBC indicated that these cell fractions not only sequester but also degrade the ingested hemoglobin-heme. Infusion of doubly labeled 59Fe, 125-I-hemoglobin indicated that the hepatic parenchymal cells remove the intact hemoglobin molecule without exchange or transfer of the heme moiety to other carrier proteins. By contrast, heme bound to albumin was detached from the albumin before its uptake by the parenchymal cells. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous belief, hepatic parenchymal cells play a key role in the metabolism of plasma hemoglobin.
The Stabilities of the Soluble Ectodomain and Fusion Peptide Hairpins of the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Subunit II Protein Are Positively Correlated with Membrane Fusion.

Cellular entry of influenza virus is mediated by the viral protein hemagglutinin (HA), which forms an initial complex of three HA1 and three HA2 subunits. Each HA2 includes a fusion peptide (FP), a soluble ectodomain (SE), and a transmembrane domain. HA1 binds to cellular sialic acids, followed by virus endocytosis, pH reduction, dissociation of HA1, and structural rearrangement of HA2 into a final trimer-of-SE hairpins. A decrease in pH also triggers HA2-mediated virus/endosome membrane fusion. SE hairpins have an interior parallel helical bundle and C-terminal strands in the grooves of the exterior of the bundle. FPs are separate helical hairpins. This study compares wild-type HA2 (WT-HA2) with G1E(FP) and I173E(SE strand) mutants. WT-HA2 induces vesicle fusion at pH 5.0, whereas the extent of fusion is greatly reduced for both mutants. Circular dichroism for HA2 and FHA2≡FP+SE constructs shows dramatic losses of stability for the mutants, including a Tm reduced by 40 °C for I173E-FHA2. This is evidence...
The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination.

The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. Vaccines are the best available countermeasure against infection, but vaccine effectiveness is low compared with other viral vaccines, and the induced immune response is narrow and short-lived. Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. Here, I review the differences between natural infection and vaccination in terms of the antibody responses they induce and how these responses protect against future infection. A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines. Developing universal influenza virus vaccines will require understanding how broad and long-lived antibody responses to natural infection with influenza A virus are generated, a topic that has benefited greatly from technologies that enable the analysis of single human B cells.
Reductive coupling of diisopropylcarbodiimide by a dirhenium carbonyl complex

Abstract The reaction of Re 2 (CO) 8 (μ-H)[μ-η 2 -C(H) = C(H)Bu n ] with N , N ′-diisopropylcarbodiimide yielded the new rhenium diamidinate complex [Re(CO) 4 ] 2 [(μ-C 2 (N{iPr}) 4 ], 2 , in 59% yield that was formed by the reductive coupling of two of carbodiimide molecules at the central carbon atom. The diamidinate ligand is nonplanar and four iminyl nitrogen atoms are coordinated to two Re(CO) 4 groups in two chelating groups that have formed five-membered rings. Density functional molecular orbital analyses were used to explain the bonding of the diamidinate ligand to the two rhenium atoms. A second product Re 2 (CO) 8 (μ-OH)(μ-H), 3 was obtained from the reaction of N , N ′-diisopropylcarbodiimide and Re 2 (CO) 8 (μ-C 6 H 5 )(μ-H), 1 . Compound 3 was subsequently found to be a product of the reaction of 1 with traces of H 2 O in the original reaction and was independently obtained in 60% yield from the reaction of 1 with H 2 O. Compound 3 contains a bridging hydroxo ligand and a bridging hydrido ligand across the Re–Re bond between two mutually bonded Re(CO) 4 groups. Both new compounds were characterized structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Graphing for Any Grade.

the y-coordinate matching the point. Only after children participate in making several graphs should they be required to read graphs already made. At least two different y-scales should be used during step 1. Examples of je, y pairs that can be used are day, number of children ill; month, number of birthdays; day, high temperature; name, shoe size; day, number of spills in the lunchroom whatever it takes to capture the children's interest, within the limits of decency, of course. As a general rule, the data should be determined easily by children as a graph is constructed, or should be presented in table form before construction of a graph begins.