cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of jejunostomy tube feeding after abdominal surgery in dogs

Objective To describe the use of postoperative intrajejunal feeding and to evaluate the association of preoperative plasma albumin concentrations with intrajejunal feeding-related complications and clinical outcome. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Sixty-four dogs. Interventions Jejunostomy tube placement during abdominal surgery. Measurements and Main Results Most dogs (81%) survived. The median intrajejunal feeding period was 2.1 days (range: 1–16 days; n = 64). Only 3 (5%) dogs received their estimated resting energy requirement by intrajejunal feeding. Of dogs that were fed intrajejunally (58 out of 64), most (55 out of 58) received intrajejunal feeding within 24 hours after surgery. Energy provision via the jejunal feeding tube did not differ between dogs with and without complications (P = 0.592), or between nonsurvivors and survivors (P = 0.298). Thirty-five dogs ate voluntarily concurrently with intrajejunal feeding. Of dogs that ate voluntarily concurrently with intrajejunal feeding for ≤50% of the postoperative period, most (74%) survived to discharge. Complications were seen in 22% of dogs, and none were life-threatening; gastrointestinal signs were most common. There was no difference in preoperative plasma albumin concentration between dogs with and without complications (P = 0.432) and between nonsurvivors and survivors (P = 0.727). Fecal score was not significantly different between the 2 liquid diets studied (FormulaV Enteral Care HLP and CliniCare Canine/Feline; P = 0.927). Conclusions A jejunostomy tube placed during abdominal surgery was likely to be used at the study institution. Few complications were seen and none were life-threatening. Intrajejunal feeding was initiated early after surgery and did not interfere with the initiation of voluntary oral intake. Fecal scores were high and were useful for an objective assessment of fecal consistency in dogs with intrajejunal feeding.
The preoperative bleeding time as a predictor of postoperative hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary bypass

To determine whether the preoperative bleeding time, the most reliable indicator of in vivo platelet dysfunction, can prognosticate excessive postoperative hemorrhage and, hence, the need for infusion of platelet concentrations, we studied blood loss versus bleeding time in 43 patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting. There was no correlation between bleeding time and either fall in hemoglobin level (r = 0.04) or chest tube drainage (r = 0.004). In addition, bleeding time did not correlate with the number of units of platelet concentrate (r = 0.12) or packed red cells (r = 0.2) infused. The bleeding time, which has been recommended as an essential screening test before all cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, need not be performed as a preoperative screen in otherwise healthy patients with no history of bleeding abnormalities and a normal coagulation profile.
An Exploration into the Relative Efficiency of Inductive versus Deductive Teaching Methods

Inductive approaches to structuring and presenting information (from the specific to the general) tend to be less popular than deductive approaches (general to specific) in most instances where communications of a professional or technical nature are concerned. In spite of this, several arguments are presented which would lead one to hypothesize that inductive scenarios would be more efficient in terms of message comprehension. This notion was tested in an experimental setting utilizing college students who were exposed to course lecture material presented in either the inductive or deductive mode. Results did not support the initial hypothesis, but due to research design limitations, neither did they refute it.
Extensive Leukemic Infiltration of the Gastrointestinal Tract during Apparent Remission in Acute Leukemia

A child with acute leukemia in an apparent hematologic remission who succumbed to the complications arising from extensive leukemic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract is reported. This cannot be explained by any unique anatomical properties of the circulation, such as have been proposed for central nervous system infiltration under similar circumstances.
Just Change the Channel? Studying Effects of Age on Emotion Regulation Using a TV Watching Paradigm:

Older adults are theorized to benefit from proactive forms of emotion regulation that allow them to avoid negative stimuli (Charles, 2010). To test this, we examined choices as a form of emotion regulation. In two studies investigating age differences, participants selected affective stimuli using a cable television interface, while choices and mood were recorded. In lab-based Study 1, older adults spent more time watching neutral channels, but younger adults spent more time watching positive ones. Older adults also watched more low-arousal content, while younger adults watched more high-arousal content. Lagged analyses revealed that younger adults' choices were directed toward increasing positive affect and arousal. Study 2 replicated these findings in a community-based adult lifespan sample at a local museum. These findings suggest that arousal plays an important role in motivating emotion regulation behavior in the context of selections, and this differs by age.
Visual question answering: Datasets, algorithms, and future challenges

Abstract Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a recent problem in computer vision and natural language processing that has garnered a large amount of interest from the deep learning, computer vision, and natural language processing communities. In VQA, an algorithm needs to answer text-based questions about images. Since the release of the first VQA dataset in 2014, additional datasets have been released and many algorithms have been proposed. In this review, we critically examine the current state of VQA in terms of problem formulation, existing datasets, evaluation metrics, and algorithms. In particular, we discuss the limitations of current datasets with regard to their ability to properly train and assess VQA algorithms. We then exhaustively review existing algorithms for VQA. Finally, we discuss possible future directions for VQA and image understanding research.
Oral amiodarone was effective and safe for recent-onset atrial fibrillation

Source Citation Peuhkurinen K, Niemela M, Ylitalo A, et al. Effectiveness of amiodarone as a single oral dose for recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2000 Feb 15;85:462-5. 10728951
The aggressive brain: insights from neuroscience.

Aggression is a complex, multifaceted behavior often caused by numerous factors and expressed in innumerable ways. Like all behaviors, aggression represents the outcome of sets of biological and physiological processes emerging from the brain. Although this may seem obvious, discovering the specific neural circuits and neurophysiological processes responsible for engendering aggressive responses has proven anything but simple. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of discoveries in both human cognitive neuroscience and animal behavioral neuroscience that have begun to shed light—literally in some cases—on the heretofore mysterious neural processes and connections responsible for producing aggressive behavioral responses.
Varying-censoring aware matrix factorization for single cell RNA-sequencing

Single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) has become the most widely used high-throughput technology for gene expression profiling of individual cells. The potential of being able to measure cell-to-cell variability at a high-dimensional genomic scale opens numerous new lines of investigation in basic and clinical research. For example, by identifying groups of cells with expression profiles unlike those observed in cells with known phenotypes, new cell types may be discovered. Dimension reduction followed by unsupervised clustering are the quantitative approaches typically used to facilitate such discoveries. However, a challenge for this approach is that most scRNA-Seq datasets are sparse, with the percentages of measurements reported as zero ranging from 35% to 99% across cells, and these zeros are partially explained by experimental inefficiencies that lead to censored data. Furthermore, the observed across-cell differences in the percentages of zeros are partly due to technical artifacts rather than biological differences. Unfortunately, standard dimension reduction approaches treat these censored values as true zeros, which leads to the identification of distorted low-dimensional factors. When these factors are used for clustering, the distortion leads to incorrect identification of biological groups. Here, we propose an approach that accounts for cell-specific censoring with a varying-censoring aware matrix factor- ization (VAMF) model that permits the identification of factors in the presence of the above described systematic bias. We demonstrate the ad- vantages of our approach on published scRNA-Seq data and confirm these on simulated data.
Voluntary regions and the case of Las Vegas

ABSTRACTA shifting American cultural geography, stemming from clustering of like-minded people, has been much-discussed in recent years. The “voluntary region”, proposed by Wilbur Zelinsky in his path-breaking The cultural geography of the United States, is a regional construct relatively unexplored by cultural geographers that may help in their contributions to such conversations. As described by Zelinsky, voluntary regions are places that attract individual, like-minded people away from long-standing “traditional regions” based on a desire for amenity and economic opportunity. I review the concept and its sparse embrace in the literature and suggest that it has much to offer our discipline. Using Las Vegas as a paradigmatic example, I explore methods that can be used to explore the formation and character of voluntary regions. I argue that the voluntary region framework is an encompassing lens through which cultural geographers can examine the complex nature of place and regional construction at the han...
Origin of high open-circuit voltage in a planar heterojunction solar cell containing a non-fullerene acceptor

Vapor-deposited, planar heterojunction organic solar cells containing a periflanthene donor and either a fullerene or non-fullerene acceptor are investigated. A high VOC of 1.16 V is observed in devices containing the non-fullerene, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro acceptor, whereas analogous devices containing C60 only result in a VOC of 0.8 V. The measured band energy levels of the two different acceptors do not readily explain the observed difference. Small-perturbation transient photovoltage and transient photocurrent measurements reveal that interfacial charge recombination is comparatively slower for the non-fullerene acceptor, resulting in relatively higher Voc values.
Development of a telemedicine palliative care program in a cancer center.

99Background: Inpatient palliative care (PC) teams have increased their presence over the past decade, with over 90% of hospitals having access to PC specialists. However, such growth has not been mirrored in the outpatient setting; this is relevant for patients living far from major medical centers. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) has expanded its ambulatory care footprint beyond New York City (NYC) to sites where PC is not currently available. To address the need for PC delivery to a geographically dispersed patient population, we developed a clinical initiative utilizing telemedicine technology. Methods: The Telemedicine Palliative Care Program (TPCP) was initiated after planning with multiple stakeholders, including clinical, legal, billing, compliance, ambulatory care, information systems, and scheduling departments. The TPCP provides PC consultation and management of patients via a “hub-and-spoke” model, whereby PC specialists are located at the main campus in NYC and patients are sched...
Main Trends and Conclusions

The predictable outcome of the recent OPEC meeting in Vienna – an extension to the current output cut agreement until 2018 year-end – has preserved (for an uncertain period) the well-known risks such as possible increase in output by non-OPEC oil producers and the issue of agreement exit mechanism that has been left aside.
Crystal structure evolution of BaBrCl and BaBrCl:5%Eu up to 1073 K by neutron diffraction

BaBrCl:Eu is a promising scintillator material; however, the crystal growth yield must be improved for it to become commercially viable. This study measures strain accumulations in the crystal lattice which can contribute to cracking during post-growth cooling. Neutron diffraction is used to measure the crystal structure of undoped and 5 mol% europium-doped BaBrCl from 303 to 1073 K, approaching the melting point. Rietveld analysis of these data provides the temperature dependence of the thermal and chemical strain in BaBrCl. In particular, anisotropic thermal expansion is measured, with expansion along the b axis nearly double the expansion along the a and c axes. Additionally, the chemical strain from the incorporation of europium atoms peaks around 673 K, explaining cracking frequently observed in that temperature range.
Avoiding Complications with MPFL Reconstruction

To discuss the potentially significant complications associated with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. Additionally, to review the most current and relevant literature with an emphasis on avoiding these potential complications. Multiple cadaveric studies have characterized the anatomy of the MPFL and the related morphologic abnormalities that contribute to recurrent lateral patellar instability. Such abnormalities include patella alta, excessive tibial tubercle to trochlear grove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia, and malalignment. Recent studies have evaluated the clinical outcomes associated with the treatment of concomitant pathology in combination with MPFL reconstruction, which is critical in avoiding recurrent instability and complications. Although there remains a lack of consensus regarding various critical aspects of MPFL reconstruction, certain concepts remain imperative. Our preferred methods and rationales for surgical techniques are described. These include appropriate work up, a combination of procedures to address abnormal morphology, anatomical femoral insertion, safe and secure patellar fixation, appropriate graft length fixation, and thoughtful knee flexion during fixation.
Behavior, Attitudes, and Cognitions of Anger-Prone Individuals

This research explored facets of anger based on a multidimensional-associationistic conceptualization (Berkowitz, 1994) that includes antecedents, behavior, cognitions, and experiential response dimensions. High and low anger-prone individuals responded to six audiotaped situations validated in previous work to be anger provoking. Participants evaluated their own audiotaped responses, as did peer judges. Participants also completed the Social Problem Solving Inventory (SPSI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and they reported on the effect of anger experiences in their lives. Neither self nor peer ratings of the audiotaped responses differentiated the behavior of anger groups. High and low anger-prone individuals, however, differed in the way that they viewed the consequences of their behavior and how anger affected them in general. Furthermore, high anger-prone individuals had elevated levels of pathology on eight of the nine scales of the BSI and scored significantly lower on the SPSI. Results are discussed in terms of assessment of anger proneness, its relationship to psychopathology and implications for future work.
Soybean Genome Analysis: DNA Polymorphisms are Identified by Oligonucleotide Primers of Arbitrary Sequence

We have recently constructed a complete linkage map of Glycine max using restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. The map contains more than 550 markers which describe 23 linkage groups and 2700 cM of DNA. Given the level of polymorphism between soybean cultivars, for a single genetic map to have general utility in a breeding program, the map must contain over 1300 markers. To reach this goal, we have developed new technology for genetic mapping that promises to automate genotype determination. The new assay is called a RAPD assay after Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. It is based on the observation that single oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence can be used to amplify discrete loci in a complex genome.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Allenyl Boronic Esters by Conjunctive Cross-Coupling with Propargylic Carbonates.

Enantioselective conjunctive cross-coupling with propargylic carbonates affords β-boryl allenes as the reaction product. The reaction is found to proceed through the intermediacy of dimethoxyborona...
Patient-Reported Outcomes From Patients Receiving Immunotherapy or Chemoimmunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Clinical Practice.

Abstract Introduction Immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy clinical trials for metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) have generally excluded patients with poor performance status (PS) and have utilized patient-reported measures that could miss some symptoms associated with immunotherapy. The goals of this study were to describe quality of life and symptom burden among mNSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy in clinical practice, and to examine burden by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) and age. Patients and Methods Between 2017 and 2018, mNSCLC patients receiving immuno/chemoimmunotherapy at an academic medical center completed the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and the National Cancer Institute Patient Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Univariate and bivariate analyses described EORTC-QLQ-C30 subscales and the proportion reporting at least moderate PRO-CTCAE symptoms, and compared scores by ECOG PS (0/1 vs. 2/3) and age ( Results Sixty patients (60% female; 75% 30). Global health and pain were worse in ECOG PS 2/3 patients. For PRO-CTCAE, 20% to 40% reported at least moderate gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatologic, arthralgia, or myalgia symptoms. The PRO-CTCAE pain score was higher among ECOG PS 2/3 patients. Conclusion In clinical practice, global health was largely comparable to published clinical trials, but PRO-CTCAE items indicated a higher symptom prevalence. Closer monitoring of symptoms is warranted in ECOG PS 2/3 patients.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Landscape and Horizon.

Context.— Since the initial description of pancreatic endocrine physiology and the recognition of islet cell tumors in the 1800s, there have been noteworthy advances in the pathobiology of pancreat...
Nationally Representative Health Care Expenditures of Community-Based Older Adults with Pain in the United States Prescribed Opioids vs Those Not Prescribed Opioids

Objective To compare health care expenditures between older US adults (≥50 years) with pain who were prescribed opioid medications and those who were not. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Community-based adults in the 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Subjects Nationally representative sample of US adults alive for the calendar year, aged 50 years or older, who reported having pain in the past four weeks. Methods Older US adults (≥50 years) with pain in the 2015 MEPS data were identified. The key independent variable was opioid prescription status (prescribed opioid vs not prescribed opioid). Hierarchical linear regression models assessed health care expenditures (inpatient, outpatient, office-based, emergency room, prescription medications, other, and total) in US dollars for opioid prescription status from a community-dwelling US population perspective, adjusting for covariates. Results The 2015 study cohort provided a national estimate of 50,898,592 noninstitutionalized US adults aged ≥50 years with pain in the past four weeks (prescribed opioid N = 16,757,516 [32.9%], not prescribed opioid N = 34,141,076 [67.1%]). After adjusting for covariates, individuals prescribed an opioid had 61% greater outpatient (β = 0.477, P 0.05). Conclusions This study raises awareness of the economic impact associated with opioid use among US older adults with pain. Future research should investigate these variables in greater depth, over longer time periods, and in additional populations.
Cl 35 -induced fission and fissionlike reactions on Ni 5 8 , 6 2 , Sn 1 1 2 , 1 1 6 , 1 2 0 , 1 2 4 , and Pr 141

Counter telescopes (gas $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$, Si-E) were used to measure angular distributions of binary yield products resulting from bombardment of $^{58,62}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{112,116,120,124}\mathrm{Sn}$, and $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ targets with $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ beams at energies between 155 and 170 MeV. Results are presented for angular distributions averaged over bins two atomic numbers wide and integrated over all fragment atomic numbers. The Sn and Pr targets give yields consistent with an equilibrium fission mechanism according to charge distributions, kinetic energies, and angular distributions. The interpretation of yields from Ni targets is found to be more ambiguous. All systems give fragment energies consistent with semiempirical trend formulas, independent of asymmetry. Qualitative evidence for deep inelastic yields, in addition to fission yields, are found for Sn and Pr targets.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{58,62}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{112,116,120,124}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}(^{35}\mathrm{Cl},f)$; measured fission product yields, fission product angular distributions, fission product mean kinetic energies, total fission cross sections; $E=155\ensuremath{-}170$ MeV; gas proportional/solid state counter telescopes.]
Statistical properties of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in He II measured via particle tracking velocimetry

It is demonstrated for the first time that by combining Eulerian and Lagrangian flow analyses of tracer particle trajectories in a nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) in superfluid helium-4 (He II), the turbulence statistics at all length scales can be resolved. The spatial velocity structure functions of the HIT in He II exhibit classical Kolmogorov scaling at large length scales together with anomalous deviations at small scales. Our technique paves the way for future quantitative studies of the similarities and differences between quantum and classical turbulence.
Contesting quality teaching: Teachers’ pragmatic agency and the debate about teacher evaluation

Abstract Global attention on teacher evaluation increasingly compels teachers to enter public debates about their work. Drawing on pragmatic sociology, the authors present analyses of media texts from 2008 to 2017 that identify the justification frameworks teachers mobilized to critique a prominent US evaluation policy and defend teaching as a complex craft. Policymakers, reformers, and researchers, however, re-articulated teachers’ critiques, narrowly focusing the debate on teachers’ technical effectiveness. The study contributes to scholarship on teacher evaluation and the mediatization of teaching by illuminating teachers’ pragmatic capacity to shape public understanding of teaching.
VERITAS Observations of the Galactic Center Region at Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Energies

The Galactic Center region hosts a variety of powerful astronomical sources and rare astrophysical processes that emit a large flux of non-thermal radiation. We present the analysis of the very-high-energy gamma-ray emission above 2 TeV of the region around the Galactic Center known as the Central Molecular Zone using 125 hours of data taken with the VERITAS imaging-atmospheric Cherenkov telescope between 2010 and 2018. This analysis employs new shower reconstruction algorithms and instrument response functions optimized for data taken at large zenith angles such as the Galactic Center sources. We report positions and spectra for point sources VER J1745-290, G0.9+0.1, and HESS J1746-285, along with a light curve for VER J1745-290, the brightest source in the region consistent with the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. We also measure the spectrum of the diffuse emission from the Galactic Center ridge region, which has been claimed as evidence of a Galactic PeVatron.
Characterization of local optima of polynomial modulus over a disc

Given a complex polynomial p(z) of degree n, we are interested in characterization and computation of local optima — maxima or minima — of |p| over a disc D of radius r centered at the origin, or its boundary, ∂D. From the maximum modulus principle (MMP), together with parametrization of ∂D, maximization reduces to a univariate optimization. However, reduction to univariate optimization does not guarantee efficiency in the computation of local optima, nor gives any specific characterization, nor provides a bound on the number of local optima. In this article, we utilize the geometric modulus principle, a stronger result than MMP, to prove novel characterizations of local optima over D or ∂D. On the one hand, we prove any local optimum that lies on ∂D is necessarily a fixed point of $F_{r}(z)=\pm r(p/p^{\prime })/|p/p^{\prime }|$ and also give a sufficiency condition. On the other hand, we show any fixed point is necessarily a root of a derived polynomialPr(z) of degree 2n defined in terms of p, $p^{\prime }$ and their conjugate reciprocals. This also proves the number of local optima is at most 2n, an upper bound that can be attained. Our results imply that all desired local optima can be approximated to arbitrary precision in polynomial time. In particular, the classic $\| p \|_{\infty }$ can be computed efficiently. Implementation of our algorithm using Matlab and MPSolve is capable of computing all roots of Pr(z) of degree up to 250 and subsequently all local optima of |p| to precision of 10− 13 in less than 3 s. In summary, the proposed theoretical algorithm is also practical and efficient. Additionally, based on the derived formulas we propose specialized algorithms and present sample visualization through polynomiography.
Formal Verification of Octorotor Flight Envelope Using Barrier Functions and Satisfiability Modulo Theories Solving

This letter introduces a novel approach that combines the use of exponential barrier functions and satisfiability modulo theories solving to the formal safety analysis of flight controllers. Specifically, exponential barrier functions are used to construct candidate invariant regions and proofs of invariance are constructed using satisfiability modulo theories solving. This approach is demonstrated by analyzing safety properties related to command tracking and operation in cases of rotor failures on an octorotor platform.
Non-linearities under highly focused high-intensity ultrasound fields

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has seen widespread clinical adoption as a therapeutic tool, as it may be targeted noninvasively and without ionizing radiation. The converging sound waves induce thermal (e.g., ablation) and mechanical (e.g., radiation force) effects that may be localized to manipulate or destroy tissue. In addition to these primary effects, finite-amplitude acoustic influences (e.g., second harmonic generation) become relevant due to the high-pressure levels near the focal region. One of the ways these nonlinear effects occur is when a pressure wave develops at the difference frequency due to the nonlinearity of the medium when an acoustic beam is driven by a signal that contains two high but slightly different frequencies. This is termed as “scattering of sound by sound,” an implication of finite-amplitude propagation is the existence of sum and difference frequencies. Using highly focused ultrasound beams as carrier waves at high amplitudes, we have observed that these nonlinear effects can be localized at scales below its wavelength with sufficient amplitudes. These effects were observed for a water reference medium, and thus are likely to be even more prominent in tissue. Exploring these higher-order acoustic effects for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases is warranted.
Abstract 19567: Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency is Common > 10 Years Following Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty for Isolated Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Introduction: While balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) for isolated pulmonary stenosis successfully relieves obstruction acutely, long term outcomes remain unclear, with only one study to date exclusively reporting >10 year outcomes (n=48 subjects). We evaluated the long-term incidence of ≥moderate pulmonary insufficiency (PI) and reintervention. Methods: Patients undergoing BPV at our institution from 1982-2002 for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis (n=211) were eligible for inclusion. Long-term follow-up data were available for 103 patients (primarily those followed at our center). Incidence of ≥moderate PI and reintervention were reported and risk factors for ≥moderate PI assessed in univariate and multivariable analysis. Results: Of 103 included patients, age at initial BPV was 0.7 yrs (range 1d-42.2 years), BSA 0.38 m2 (range 0.14-1.99 m2), peak cath gradient 65 mmHg (range 31-169 mmHg) and 23% had critical pulmonary stenosis. In the first 10 years after BPV, 16% had surgical pulmonary valvotomy, transannular patch, or BT shunt and 2% died. Of the remaining patients with >10-year follow up data (median follow-up 15.1 years, range 10.1-26.3 years), 62 had a recent echocardiogram. Of these patients, 37% had moderate and 23% had severe PI; RV dilatation was mild in 32% and moderate in 10%, while 5% had mild RV systolic dysfunction. Three patients had pulmonary valve replacement 16.8-22.2 yrs following BPV due to severe PI. In univariate analysis, critical pulmonary stenosis, younger age, smaller BSA, and smaller pulmonary annulus at the time of BPV, as well as greater pre-BPV cath gradient were associated with ≥moderate PI (all p<0.05). There was no significant association between balloon:annulus ratio and ≥moderate PI. In multivariable analysis, BSA <0.3 m2 remained significantly associated with ≥moderate PI (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.2-33.6; p=0.03). Conclusions: In the largest study to date of > 10 year outcomes following BPV nearly ¼ of patients developed severe PI. Although few patients have required pulmonary valve replacement to date, close follow up is necessary. Patients with younger age, lower BSA, and/or more severe pulmonary stenosis at the time of BPV have a greater risk of significant PI and should be counseled regarding the long term risks.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. A case report.

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas is a recently proposed pancreatic tumor entity with a peculiar clinical and pathologic profile. It presents with symptoms that are mostly attributed to the mass effect of the tumor. However, a long history of diabetes mellitus and/or chronic pancreatitis is usually noted. It is thought that IPMT has better prognosis than the usual pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its early identification is important. On imaging studies these neoplasms appear usually as multiloculated, cystic tumors that cannot be easily differentiated from other cystic pancreatic neoplasms. CASE A 73-year-old, white woman with recent symptoms related to bile duct obstruction and diabetes mellitus and a long history of "chronic pancreatitis" was found to have a pancreatic mass on computed tomography. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the pancreatic mass and dilated pancreatic duct was performed. Cytopathologic examination of the aspirated material revealed large cells with abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged singly or occasionally in large sheets with complex papillary fragments. Occasional goblet cells or cells with cytoplasmic mucin-containing vacuoles were also noted within the tumor tissue fragments. The nuclei were large, with nuclear size variability and prominent nucleoli. Copious amounts of mucin and numerous muciphages were noted in the background. A diagnosis of "cystic mucinous tumor, cannot rule out invasion," was entertained. The patient underwent partial pancreatectomy. The histologic features of the resected specimen were consistent with IPMT, with focal areas suggestive of early stromal invasion. CONCLUSION The cytologic features encountered in the aspirate of this tumor are highly suggestive of IPMT and can help differentiate it from other pancreatic tumors with mucin production, such as the classic mucinous cystic neoplasm and the more common ductal carcinoma.
On Being the Same in Different Places: Evaluating Frame‐of‐Reference Effects Across Two Social Contexts

Frame-of-reference (FOR) effects in personality assessment are demonstrated when self-rated items oriented to specific contexts (e.g., workplace) show better predictive validity than noncontextualized items. Empirical support of FOR effects typically relies on job performance ratings or academic grades for criteria. The current study evaluates FOR effects using ratings of personality provided by informants from the home or school context. Items from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992) were contextualized to the home and school contexts to create NEO-Home and NEO-School versions. One hundred fifty-eight college students completed the NEO-Home and NEO-School questionnaires, and 161 college students completed the standard, noncontextualized NEO-FFI. All participants recruited one peer from college and at least one parent to complete standard rater versions of the NEO-FFI. Contextualized self-ratings did not show FOR effects. NEO-Home self-ratings did not correlate higher with parent ratings than with peer ratings, and NEO-School self-ratings did not correlate higher with peer ratings than with parent ratings. Standard NEO-FFI self-ratings generally showed higher self-informant agreement with both types of informants than contextualized self-ratings. The pattern of correlations suggests that validity is enhanced more by specific trait-informant combinations than by the contextualization of items to social contexts.
Youth Resistant to Gang Recruitment as a Particular Social Group in Larios v. Holder

Central American youth who refuse to join gangs are often subjected to horrific acts of retaliatory violence. Yet, the Board of Immigration Appeals’ introduction of two new requirements for asylum eligibility— visibility and particularity—have quashed the asylum hopes for members of this group. Recently, the First Circuit Court of Appeals adopted the visibility and particularity requirements and, in Larios v. Holder, applied them to deny asylum to youth resistant to gang recruitment. This Comment examines the development of these requirements and argues that there is no legal basis for their application. It further argues that the requirements unreasonably heighten the traditional asylum standard and ultimately concludes that the First Circuit should have rejected visibility and particularity as requirements for asylum, thereby rendering youth resistant to gang recruitment eligible for asylum.
Juxtapp: a scalable system for detecting code reuse among android applications

Mobile application markets such as the Android Marketplace provide a centralized showcase of applications that end users can purchase or download for free onto their mobile phones. Despite the influx of applications to the markets, applications are cursorily reviewed by marketplace maintainers due to the vast number of submissions. User policing and reporting is the primary method to detect misbehaving applications. This reactive approach to application security, especially when programs can contain bugs, malware, or pirated (inauthentic) code, puts too much responsibility on the end users. In light of this, we propose Juxtapp, a scalable infrastructure for code similarity analysis among Android applications. Juxtapp provides a key solution to a number of problems in Android security, including determining if apps contain copies of buggy code, have significant code reuse that indicates piracy, or are instances of known malware. We evaluate our system using more than 58,000 Android applications and demonstrate that our system scales well and is effective. Our results show that Juxtapp is able to detect: 1) 463 applications with confirmed buggy code reuse that can lead to serious vulnerabilities in real-world apps, 2) 34 instances of known malware and variants (13 distinct variants of the GoldDream malware), and 3) pirated variants of a popular paid game.
Indications for common origin and gravitational interaction in three binary LMC clusters

Three close pair clusters of the LMC, NGC 2006/SL 538, NGC 2011 a/b, and NGC 2042 a/b, have been studied in order to establish their binarity. The stellar content in the outer region of each cluster has been investigated by means of low resolution objective UK Schmidt prism spectra, the cores of the clusters have been examined using low resolution integrated IUE spectra, whereas their density profiles and their observed dynamical parameters have been derived by means of star counts. The integrated spectra of their cores and the stellar content of their outer cluster regions have shown a common origin and a very young age (less than 2 x 10 exp 7 yr) for each member of the pairs, whereas their dynamical study has shown that they are gravitationally interacting. Comparing the age of their stellar content with their dynamical and relaxation times, it has been found that these clusters are physically associated and had no time to relax by stellar encounters, no time to merge, and no time to be destroyed by dynamical friction.
Abstract 19448: Heterozygous Knock-out of Ryanodine Receptor 2 in Rabbits Produces Haploinsufficiency in the Absence of Compensatory Remodeling of the Heart

The Ryanodine Receptor type 2 (RyR2) is the major Ca2+ release channel in the heart. It is involved in excitation-contraction coupling (e-c coupling), the process that turns electrical activity into mechanical contraction in the cardiac muscle. During an action potential, RyR2 releases Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), after being activated by a small Ca2+ influx (ICa) through L-type Ca2+ channels. RyR2 has prompted extensive research over the last two decades, because mutations in this channel are the culprits of severe arrhythmogenic syndromes, and because the details of its regulation is not fully understood. Using RNA-guided endonuclease genome editing, we generated a novel RyR2 knockout rabbit model to determine the cardiac effects of RyR2 deficiency. After breeding heterozygous knockout rabbits (RyR2+/-) we have not observed homozygotes, suggesting that, as previously reported for mice, complete ablation of RyR2 is embryonic lethal. Using Western blots, we found that RyR2 expression is decreased in the left ventricle (LV) of RyR2+/- rabbits (32.98±2.90% of RyR2+/+, n=3 per genotype, p 0.05). Interestingly, we did not observe any functional or structural abnormalities in RyR2+/- animals subjected to echocardiography (n=7 per genotype, p>0.05). Histological analysis of LV biopsies revealed no difference in the general microstructure of the tissue (n=3 per genotype). Finally, basic electrocardiogram parameters were not different between RyR2+/- and RyR2+/+ rabbits (heart rate, QTc interval, PR interval, n=7 per genotype, p>0.05). These data suggest that RyR2 haplo-deficiency is compensated in the absence of a whole organ phenotype. We will perform Ca2+-imaging and electrophysiologic studies in LV myocytes, to determine whether the cellular e-c coupling mechanism undergoes functional changes to adjust for RyR2 deficiency. These studies will contribute to better understand the regulation of Ca2+ handling in normal cardiac function. Furthermore, they will give valuable insights into the role of RyR2 in heart disease.
A Right Atrial Mass and a Pseudomass

Right atrial (RA) masses are rare entities often detected incidentally during imaging studies. Leading etiologies of right atrial masses are tumor, thrombi, and vegetations. We present two cases of right atrial masses, a cardiac lipoma and an artifact. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of benign cardiac tumors are reviewed. We then highlight the importance of considering artifact in the differential diagnosis of atrial masses. Finally, we discuss echocardiographic characteristics of right atrial masses that may provide clues for diagnosis. Right atrial masses, often detected incidentally during imaging studies, are uncommon and can be due to many etiologies including tumors, thrombus, vegetations, normal variants, and artifacts. We describe 2 patients with RA masses detected on routine transthoracic echocardiogram.
Morphological Characteristics and Nomenclature of Leptospira (Spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae (Inada and Ido).

The present study deals with the morphology and systematic position of the causative agent of infectious jaundice. There are several features which are not found in any of the hitherto known genera of Spirochaetoidea which led me to give this organism an independent generic name, Leptospira, denoting the peculiar minute elementary spirals running throughout the body. The absence of a definite terminal flagellum or any flagella, and the remarkable flexibility of the terminal or caudal portion of the organism are other distinguishing features. Unlike all other so called spirochetes the present organism resists the destructive action of 10 per cent saponin. A detailed comparative study of related genera, including Spirochaeta, Saprospira, Cristispira, Spironema, and Treponema, has been given with the view of bringing out more strongly the contrast between them and the new genus. A study has been made to discover whether any differential features exist among the strains of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae derived from the American, Japanese, and European sources, but none has been found. It is hoped that the creation of a new genus may facilitate a more exact morphological description than has hitherto been possible, due to the vague use of the term Spirochaeta which indiscriminately covered at least six large genera of spiral organisms.
Noise considerations of three-point water-fat separation imaging methods

Separation of water from fat tissues in magnetic resonance imaging is important for many applications because signals from fat tissues often interfere with diagnoses that are usually based on water signal characteristics. Water and fat can be separated with images acquired at different echo time shifts. The three-point method solves for the unknown off-resonance frequency together with the water and fat densities. Noise performance of the method, quantified by the effective number of signals averaged (NSA), is an important metric of the water and fat images. The authors use error propagation theory and Monte Carlo simulation to investigate two common reconstructive approaches: an analytic-solution based estimation and a least-squares estimation. Two water-fat chemical shift (CS) encoding strategies, the symmetric (−θ,0,θ) and the shifted (0,θ,2θ) schemes are studied and compared. Results show that NSAs of water and fat can be different and they are dependent on the ratio of intensities of the two species and each of the echo time shifts. The NSA is particularly poor for the symmetric (−θ,0,θ) CS encoding when the water and fat signals are comparable. This anomaly with equal amounts of water and fat is analyzed in a more intuitive geometric illustration. Theoretical prediction of NSA matches well with simulation results at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while deviation arises at low SNR, which suggests that Monte Carlo simulation may be more appropriate to accurately predict noise performance of the algorithm when SNR is low.
Median arcuate ligament syndrome in the pediatric population.

Abstract Objectives Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a vascular compression syndrome with symptoms that overlap chronic functional abdominal pain (CFAP). We report our experience treating MALS in a pediatric cohort previously diagnosed with CFAP. Patients and Methods We prospectively evaluated 46 pediatric ( Results All patients had studies suggestive of MALS on duplex and computed tomography; 91% (n=42) positive for MALS were females. All patients underwent a technically satisfactory laparoscopic surgical release resulting in a significant improvement in blood flow through the celiac artery. There were no deaths and a total of 9 complications, 8 requiring a secondary procedure; 33 patients were administered QOL surveys. 18 patients completed the survey with 15 (83%) patients reporting overall improvement in the QOL. Overall, 31/46 patients (67%) reported improvement of symptoms since the time of surgery. Conclusions MALS was found to be more common in pediatric females than males. Laparoscopic release of the celiac artery can be performed safely in the pediatric population. Surgical release of the artery and resultant neurolysis resulted in significant improvement in the blood flow, symptoms, and overall QOL in this cohort. The overall improvement in QOL outcome measures after surgery leads us to conclude that MALS might be earlier diagnosed and possibly treated in patients with CFAP. We recommend a multidisciplinary team approach to care for these complex patients.
Fast repair of anoxic radiation damage in HeLa cells detected by antinucleoside antibodies.

Abstract The influence of anoxia on X-ray damage in HeLa cells was studied by observing effects on nuclear immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies and on the sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients of their DNA “complexes”. The fraction of G1 HeLa cells which was immunoreactive to fluorescein labeled antinucleoside antibodies increased from control levels of 11% ± 3.5 S.E. to 71% ± 5.7 S.E. after 1 000 rads in air. In anoxia 1 000 rads increased this fraction to only 42% ± 3.1 S.E. After 1 000 rads in air the return to normal G1 levels of immunoreactivity required 90 min, but it required only 30 min after radiation in anoxia. If cells were held at 0 °C for 35 min before anoxic irradiation the rapid return to control levels of immunoreactivity during postradiation incubation at 37 °C was not observed. Cold shock did not increase the proportion of cells initially made immunoreactive by 1 000 rads in anoxia. Anoxia reduced the effect of 1 000 rads on the sedimentation properties of the DNA complex. Cold shock prior to anoxic radiation retarded the faster reconstitution of the DNA complex otherwise observed after anoxic radiation.
Rocket exhaust effects on radio frequency transmission.

Signal strength data taken from ground station automatic gain control records and vans instrumented for true signal strength recording are analyzed to determine effects of transmitting through the plasmas created by rocket exhausts of the Saturn vehicle. The effects from different missions are compared as a function of altitude, aspect angle, and frequency of transmission. It is concluded that the effects of plasmas created by LOX/RP-1 engines are negligible above an altitude of 60 km. Preliminary frequency spectral analysis of the true signal strength data shows that the energy concentration caused by modulation of the signal by the flame is restricted to frequencies lower than 3 kHz, with very little energy above 1 kHz. The effect of the solid fuel retrorocket is more severe than that of the liquid fuel engines. However, the solid fuel ullage rockets cause no appreciable attenuation. This difference in attenuation between the two solid fuels is believed to be caused by the difference in potassium