cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P02-357 - Is psychotherapy a creative process? Applying the models of creativity on the process of psychotherapy

Introduction Psychotherapy is usually viewed as a process of help, reparation and personal growth. Although creativity is the real essence of psychotherapy, few works have approached psychotherapy from its creative aspect. This work investigates some creative potentials of psychotherapy. Objectives We tried to investigate the research question: “ Can Psychotherapy follow the same stages/phases of a well known creativity model? ” in two different therapy groups; an analytic group held in UK and an interactive dynamic group held in Egypt. Aims We aimed to follow the evolutionary phases of the therapeutic process in the two groups and find if they could be categorized into certain stages/phases that can match the stages/phases of well-known creativity models; namely Wallas’ (1926) and Barron's (1988). Methods - Clinical data were derived from two therapy groups that were held in the same time in two different cultural contexts; an analytic therapy group held in UK and an interactive dynamic therapy group held in Egypt. - Analysis of the therapeutic work was done using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results The therapeutic processes in the two different groups could follow the same stages and micro-processes of well known creativity models. However, the two therapeutic groups followed two different models of creativty (the British group followed Wallas’ model and the Egyptian one followed Barron's model). This could be explained by many sociocultural factors. Conclusions Psychotherapy can be regarded as a creative process in the sense that it can follow the same stages and micro-processes of well known creativity modes.
Optimal Decentralized Control of Finite Nondeterministic Systems

A control problem with a system modeled as a nondeterministic finite state machine is considered. Several agents seek to optimize the behavior of the system under a minimax criterion, with each agent having different information about the system state. The nondeterministic model of uncertainty, combined with the minimax criterion, lead to equivalence relations on the past input/output histories of each agent which generate simple sufficient statistics for the optimal control laws. This sheds light on the basic nature of decentralized control and permits complete solution of a particular class of problems.
TRPM7 and TRPM8 Ion Channels in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Potential Roles as Cancer Biomarkers and Targets

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are essential for normal functions and health by acting as molecular sensors and transducing various stimuli into cellular and physiological responses. Growing evidence has revealed that TRP ion channels play important roles in a wide range of human diseases, including malignancies. In light of recent discoveries, it has been found that TRP melastatin-subfamily members, TRPM7 and TRPM8, are required for normal and cancerous development of exocrine pancreas. We are currently investigating the mechanisms which mediate the functional roles of TRPM7 and TRPM8 and attempting to develop these ion channels as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for achieving the goal of personalized therapy in pancreatic cancer.
K-Means Clustering Methods with Influence Detection

A software program is described that performs K-means clustering with several enhancements. The software system includes the influence detection methodology developed by Cheng and Milligan. As such, the applied user can identify those data points that affect the results of a given cluster analysis. The user interface is interactive and allows for multiple analyses in the same session. Finally, the software can handle data set sizes much larger than those provided for by traditional hierarchical clustering methods.
Thermomechanical Model of Spot Welding for Calculating Residual Stresses

A comprehensive axisymmetric model of the coupled thermal-electrical-mechanical analysis predicting weld nugget development and residual stresses for the resistance spot welding process of Al-alloys is developed. The model estimates the heat generation at the faying surface, the workpiece-electrode interface, and the Joule heating of the workpiece and electrode. The phase change due to melting in the weld pool is considered. The contact area and its pressure distribution at both the faying surface and the electrode-workpiece interface are determined from a coupled thermal-mechanical model using a finite element method. The knowledge of the interface pressure provides accurate prediction of the interfacial heat generation. For the numerical model, temperature dependent thermal, electrical and mechanical properties are used. The proposed model can successfidly calculate the nugget diameter and thickness, and predict the residual stresses and the elastic-plastic deformation history. The calculated nugget shape and the deformation of sheets based on the model are compared with the experimental data. The computed residual stresses approach the distribution of experimental measurement of the residual stress.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The proteins of synovial fluid: A study of the α1/α2 globulin ratio

Normal, postmortem, traumatic and rheumatoid synovial fluids were studied by paper electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and starch gel electrophoresis. It could be demonstrated that the change in the α1/α2 globulin ratio, particularly prominent in normal and postmortem synovial fluids as compared with normal serum, is a consequence of the greatly increased relative concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein and a significant decrease in the relative concentration of the haptoglobins and the 19S α2-macroglobulin. Specimens de liquido synovial—normal, post morte, traumatic, e rheumatoidee—esseva studiate per electrophorese a papiro, ultracentrifugation, e electrophorese a gel de amylo. Il esseva possibile demonstrar que le deviation del proportion globulina α1 a globulina α2 ab le valor trovate in le sero—un deviation particularmente marcate in liquido synovial normal e post morte—es un consequentia del grandemente augmentate concentration relative de glycoproteina acide α1 e del significativemente reducite concentration relative del haptoglobinas e del macroglobulina α2 19S.
Erythromycin acts through a cholinergic pathway to improve canine-delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy and Roux-Y antrectomy.

We have demonstrated that erythromycin improves gastric emptying in dogs following truncal vagotomy and Roux-en-Y antrectomy (VRYA). To explore its mechanism of action we studied gastric emptying and myoelectric activity in a canine Roux model and administered atropine simultaneously with erythromycin. Tachyphylaxis was evaluated following short-term administration. Four dogs with delayed gastric emptying following VRYA were studied. Radionuclide solid gastric emptying was measured, with simultaneous myoelectric recordings obtained from the duodenum and Roux limb. Study groups were: (1) saline control (VRYA dogs); (2) erythromycin 1 mg/kg iv over 1 hr; (3) erythromycin 3 mg/kg po tid for 1 week, with repeat studies using erythromycin 1 mg/kg iv over 1 hr; and (4) atropine 0.5 mg/kg iv bolus, followed by a 1-hr infusion of atropine 0.05 mg/kg and erythromycin 1 mg/kg. Control Roux animals had severe gastric retention (73 ± 5% at 2 hr, compared to 27 ± 6% following iv erythromycin (P < 0.01). Clustered spike bursts were observed in the Roux limb following erythromycin. Atropine abolished the gastrokinetic response and suppressed the myoelectric response to erythromycin (81 ± 3% retention at 2 hr, P < 0.01 compared to erythromycin alone). The response to erythromycin was unchanged after 1 week of tid administration (40 ± 14% retention at 2 hr postprandial, P = NS). Erythromycin improves gastric emptying in VRYA dogs via a cholinergic pathway and does not exhibit tachyphylaxis following short-term administration.
Characterization of a new marine methylotroph

A methanol-oxidizing bacterium from a marine environment has been isolated and characterized. The bacterium was a Gram-negative rod, capable of growth on methanol and methylamine, but not on multicarbon compounds. It showed a temperature optimum of 30°C, a salt optimum of 0.4% (w/v) and the mol % G + C of its DNA was 46%. Carbon was assimilated via the ribulose monophosphate pathway for formaldehyde fixation during growth on methanol. This bacterium superficially resembled other obligate methylotrophs requiring NaCl reported previously which were designated Methylomonas thalassica. It also appeared similar to many strains of obligate freshwater methylotrophs, except for its NaCl requirement and its lower mol % G + C.
Enhancing physical and social environments to reduce obesity among public housing residents: Rationale, trial design, and baseline data for the Healthy Families study

Intervention programs that change environments have the potential for greater population impact on obesity compared to individual-level programs. We began a cluster randomized, multi-component multi-level intervention to improve weight, diet, and physical activity among low-socioeconomic status public housing residents. Here we describe the rationale, intervention design, and baseline survey data. After approaching 12 developments, ten were randomized to intervention (n=5) or assessment-only control (n=5). All residents in intervention developments are welcome to attend any intervention component: health screenings, mobile food bus, walking groups, cooking demonstrations, and a social media campaign; all of which are facilitated by community health workers who are residents trained in health outreach. To evaluate weight and behavioral outcomes, a subgroup of female residents and their daughters age 8-15 were recruited into an evaluation cohort. In total, 211 households completed the survey (RR=46.44%). Respondents were Latino (63%), Black (24%), and had ≤ high school education (64%). Respondents reported ≤2 servings of fruits & vegetables/day (62%), visiting fast food restaurants 1+ times/week (32%), and drinking soft drinks daily or more (27%). The only difference between randomized groups was race/ethnicity, with more Black residents in the intervention vs. control group (28% vs. 19%, p=0.0146). Among low-socioeconomic status urban public housing residents, we successfully recruited and randomized families into a multi-level intervention targeting obesity. If successful, this intervention model could be adopted in other public housing developments or entities that also employ community health workers, such as food assistance programs or hospitals.
Obesity and associated coronary heart disease risk factors in a population of low-income African-American and white women: the North Carolina WISEWOMAN project.

Abstract Background. Obesity has been associated with many co-occurring coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors as well as CHD mortality. These associations have been shown to vary between African-American and white sample populations. Methods. The authors examined whether obesity co-occurs with several CHD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)), and estimated the 10-year risk for CHD in the North Carolina WISEWOMAN (Well Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation) study sample. This sample includes low-income African-American and white women (≥50 years of age). Results. Among white women ( n = 1,284), 34% were overweight (BMI = 25.0–29.99 kg/m 2 ) and 35% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ); among African-American women ( n = 754), 28% were overweight and 59% obese. Among obese and nonobese African-American women, the prevalence of three or more co-occurring risk factors was similar (obese = 17.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9, 21.6) and nonobese = 13.3% (95% CI: 8.7, 17.8)). By contrast, the prevalence among white women was greater among the obese (26.9% (95% CI: 22.9, 31.0)) than the nonobese (13.0% (95% CI: 9.7, 16.2)). Conclusions. The differences between and within African-American and white women may be accounted for by the high levels of HDL-C among obese and nonobese African-American women.
Reference Service in the Digital Age: An Analysis of Sources Used to Answer Reference Questions

To what extent do librarians use print and online sources? Librarians recorded and categorized questions and answer sources for a 4-month period. The results show that the print sources accounted for 9.38% of those used; online sources accounted for 58.54%. Only 173 print titles, out of 9587, were used.
The caregiver effect on treatment decisions for the elderly

The proper management of the axilla in all patients with breast cancer has been an area of active investigation. Although involvement of the axillary nodes remains an important prognostic factor, the approach to gathering this information has changed dramatically. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), long a standard component of the management of early stage breast cancer, remains the standard approach only for patients with clinically palpable axillary nodes or many positive axillary nodes confirmed by sampling techniques. For women with early stage breast cancer with a clinically negative axilla, ALND is no longer a routine part of the surgical treatment of breast cancer, having been replaced with the less invasive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). In patients with clinically node negative breast cancer, SLNB identifies patients without axillary node involvement, sparing them themorbidity of ALND. Several studies have shown that SLNB is associatedwith lower rates of armmorbidity, including lymphedema, sensory loss, and range of motion deficits when compared to a standard ALND. Older womenwith breast cancer should stand to particularly benefit from this therapeutic shift. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among older women, and nearly one half of new cases of female breast cancer in the United States are diagnosed in women age 65 or older. Some data suggest that older women may suffer from greater arm morbidity following ALND than younger women, particularly if they have preexisting arthritis, a common age-related condition. Older women tolerate SLNB well, and it is associated with lower rates of arm morbidity than ALND. SLNB may be particularly
Mating increases male's interest in other females: A cognitive study in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

To determine whether socio-sexual interactions with females influence the male prairie vole's cognitive processing, three groups of males were simultaneously exposed to sensory stimuli of a control and a focal female then tested for their behavioral and neuronal responsiveness to the female cues. From the control female, all males received distal cues. From the focal female, the Unmated males received distal cues, the Unmated-Contact males received all cues but did not mate with her, and the Mated-Contact males received all cues and mated with her. Males were tested for their attentiveness to enclosures holding each female and for their memory of the females' previous location. Males' brains were then examined to localize activated regions following exposure to the odor of familiar versus unfamiliar focal females. The Mated-Contact males spent more time in the cage of the control female attending to her enclosure than in the cage of the focal female. Exposure to odors of unfamiliar focal females activated the cingulate cortex of Unmated-Contact males. There was a negative correlation between the level of neuronal activation in the retrosplenial cortex of males that were exposed to the odors of a familiar focal female and their attentiveness to the enclosure of the control female. The data suggest that the effect of socio-sexual interactions with a female on males' cognition depends on the type of sensory signals males receive from females and how individual males perceive those signals.
Analysis For Establishing Target Safety Levels For IVHS

This paper investigates a methodology for quantitatively evaluating the safety of an IVHS system. The methodology provides a technical basis for establishing the target safety levels for designing the safety-critical components of an IVHS system, in particular those that perform control functions. In addition, this methodology also provides a means for specifying the safety criteria for an automatic controlled vehicle based on the predefined target safety levels.
Behavior of the discrete-time Kalman filter under incorrect noise covariances

In this paper, we study the behavior of the discrete-time Kalman filter under incorrect noise covariances. In particular, we are interested in the characteristic of the actual performance of the Kalman filter. The filter performance is quantified by the actual one-step predictor error covariance. Convergence and divergence analyses of the actual one-step predictor error covariance are given. The results developed in the paper provide useful insights in the behavior of the Kalman filter when the noise covariances used in designing the filter are inexact.
Isotope effect in superconductors

Abstract It is shown that the conventional picture of superconductivity can't explain a positive isotope effect of greater than 0.5 at zero pressure.
Unintended effects of the clinician in clinical interaction

Abstract Unintended effects of the clinician affecting his client's behaviour are distinguished from those effects of the clinician affecting only his own perception of the client. A crude taxonomy is provided and most effects of the clinician are treated only illustratively. More exhaustive treatment is given to the interpersonal effects of the clinician's expectancies about the patient's behaviour on the actual subsequent behaviour of the patient. On the basis of the experiments reviewed, considered as a set, we would err only once in 40,000 times were we to conclude that the clinician's expectancy for his patient's performance may be a partial determinant of that performance. The absolute and relative magnitudes of clinician expectancy effects are discussed as well as some theoretical and practical implications.
Thin Film Deposition Using SOL-GEL Technology

Sol-Gel technology can be used to deposit a wide variety of oxide coatings on substrates such as glass, ceramics or metals. This presentation outlines the fundamentals of the process and the possibilities offered by this technique. Several oxide layers have been prepared in our laboratories including single oxides like SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, VO2+x, V205, as well as multicomponent systems such as SiO2-Ge02, SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-Y203 and SiO2-TiO2-Al203. The coatings are deposited by dipping the substrate into a solution containing the appropriate organometallic compound with control of the surrounding atmosphere. Subsequent thermal treatments are required to eliminate the volatile solvents, which are physically and chemically absorbed into the oxide layer and to densify the layers. The first thermal treatments are carried out at temperatures up to 150°C. Further treatments up to about 600°C (depending on oxide composition) are necessary to eliminate organic traces and residual moisture as well as to harden further the oxide coating.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Temporal integration of visual signals in lens compensation (a review)

Postnatal eye growth is controlled by visual signals. When wearing a positive lens that causes images to be focused in front of the retina (myopic defocus), the eye reduces its rate of ocular elongation and increases choroidal thickness to move the retina forward to meet the focal plane of the eye. When wearing a negative lens that causes images to be focused behind the retina (hyperopic defocus), the opposite happens. This review summarizes how the retina integrates the constantly changing visual signals in a non-linear fashion to guide eye growth in chicks: (1a) When myopic or hyperopic defocus is interrupted by a daily episode of normal vision, normal vision is more effective in reducing myopia caused by hyperopic defocus than in reducing hyperopia caused by myopic defocus; (1b) when the eye experiences alternating myopic and hyperopic defocus, the eye is more sensitive to myopic defocus than to hyperopic defocus and tends to develop hyperopia, even if the duration of hyperopic defocus is much longer than the duration of myopic defocus; (2) when the eye experiences brief, repeated episodes of defocus by wearing either positive or negative lenses, lens compensation depends on the frequency and duration of individual episodes of lens wear, not just the total daily duration of lens wear; and (3) further analysis of the time constants for the hypothesized internal emmetropization signals show that, while it takes approximately the same amount of time for the signals to rise and saturate during lens-wearing episodes, the decline of the signals between episodes depends strongly on the sign of defocus and the ocular component. Although most extensively studied in chicks, the nonlinear temporal integration of visual signals has been found in other animal models. These findings may help explain the complex etiology of myopia in school-aged children and suggest ways to slow down myopia progression.
Ethnic identity and mental health in American Indian youth: examining mediation pathways through self-esteem, and future optimism.

Mental health functioning in American Indian youth is an understudied topic. Given the increased rates of depression and anxiety in this population, further research is needed. Using multiple group structural equation modeling, the current study illuminates the effect of ethnic identity on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behavior in a group of Lumbee adolescents and a group of Caucasian, African American, and Latino/Hispanic adolescents. This study examined two possible pathways (i.e., future optimism and self-esteem) through which ethnic identity is associated with adolescent mental health. The sample (N = 4,714) is 28.53 % American Indian (Lumbee) and 51.38 % female. The study findings indicate that self-esteem significantly mediated the relationships between ethnic identity and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behavior for all racial/ethnic groups (i.e., the total sample). Future optimism significantly mediated the relationship between ethnic identity and externalizing behavior for all racial/ethnic groups and was a significant mediator between ethnic identity and depressive symptoms for American Indian youth only. Fostering ethnic identity in all youth serves to enhance mental health functioning, but is especially important for American Indian youth due to the collective nature of their culture.
Form and genre headings in serials cataloging

Form and genre headings are used in the cataloging of archives and manuscripts, audiovisual materials and monographic works of fiction. These headings can also be useful in cataloging serial publications. Form and genre headings can describe the physical format of a serial as well as the point of view or other characteristics relating to what the serial is, rather than what it is about. The headings are particularly useful in the description of "general" periodicals. Catalogers must exercise caution in assigning terms which might "label" the publication as outlined in the American Library Association's Statement on Labeling.
Design and welding method for high-strength steel structure using laser-arc hybrid welding

The study intended for rational usage of high-strength steel in structure by applying laser-arc hybrid welding has been conducted. Key design requirements and improvement target have been clarified considering their key performances as structural members. The evaluation methods for risk of brittle fracture and cold cracking have been established for quality control. Safety of welded joint has been confirmed and their fatigue strength has been improved by optimizing welding process.
Natural Abundance Fourier Transform of 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Lysozyme

NUCLEAR magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of biopolymers have so far been limited to proton resonances. On the other hand, 13C NMR analysis is potentially a more powerful technique because of the larger range of chemical shifts (300 p.p.m. compared with 10 p.p.m. for XH NMR), and because the chemical shift of 13C NMR is more sensitive to the nature of the chemical bonds. The chief limitations of 13C NMR are low natural abundance (1·1%), low relative sensitivity (1·59% of proton), and long relaxation times (˜1 min). These can be largely overcome, however, by the combined techniques of nuclear Overhauser enhancement and fourier transform spectroscopy. Thus, Gibbons et al.1 obtained a simple and elegant spectral analysis of ‘Gramicidin S-A’, a decapeptide. We report here the first natural abundance 13C NMR spectrum of an enzyme. Lysozyme was chosen because its primary structure is known2,3 and because its 1H NMR spectrum has already been described4.
Economic Analyses of the Ames, Iowa Solid Waste Resource Recovery System

(1980). Economic Analyses of the Ames, Iowa Solid Waste Resource Recovery System. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 17-34.
A systematic framework for onsite design and implementation of a control system in a continuous tablet manufacturing process

Abstract A novel manufacturing strategy based on continuous processing integrated with online/inline monitoring tools coupled with an advanced control system is highly desired for efficient Quality by Design (QbD)-based pharmaceutical manufacturing. A control system ensures the predefined end product quality, satisfies the high regulatory constraints, facilitates real time release of the product, and optimizes the resources. In this work, a systematic framework for the onsite design and implementation of the control system in continuous tablet manufacturing process has been developed. The framework includes a generic methodology and supporting tools through which the control system can be designed at the manufacturing site and can be implemented for closed-loop operation. The control framework has different novel features such as the option to run the plant in closed-loop (MPC/PID), open-loop and simulation mode. NIR sensor, an online prediction tool, a PAT data management tool, and a control platform have been used to close the control loop.
Addition of benzyne to thiophene—a DFT study

The literature reports the 2 + 2- and 4 + 2-cycloadditions of benzyne and thiophene and provides several reaction paths accounting for the observed products: 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl phenyl sulfides. A DFT study of these paths shows that some presumed reaction intermediates are, in fact, not stable entities. A new reaction path adapting a portion of the literature paths but with a lower activation free energy is described. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Search for a Rolle's Theorem in the Complex Domain

(1985). The Search for a Rolle's Theorem in the Complex Domain. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 92, No. 9, pp. 643-650.
The relation between the return interval and betas

Abstract The size effect is sensitive to the length of the return interval used in estimating betas. Beta changes with the return interval because an asset's covariance with the market and the market's variance do not change proportionately as the return interval is changed. We document beta sensitivity to the return interval. Evidence from cross-sectional regressions of returns on monthly and annual betas is inconsistent with beta changes stemming only from the higher standard errors of the longer-interval betas. We provide evidence that the size effect becomes statistically insignificant when risk is measured by betas estimated using annual returns.
DFT and ab Initio Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the Lowest Singlet and Triplet States of Nitromethane

The fully optimized potential energy curves for the unimolecular decomposition of the lowest singlet and triplet states of nitromethane through the C−NO2 bond dissociation pathway are calculated using various DFT and high-level ab initio electronic structure methods. We perform gradient corrected density functional theory (DFT) and multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) to conclusively demonstrate that the triplet state of nitromethane is bound. The adiabatic curve of this state exhibits a 33 kcal/mol energy barrier as determined at the MCSCF level. DFT methods locate this barrier at a shorter C−N bond distance with 12−16 kcal/mol lower energy than does MCSCF. In addition to MCSCF and DFT, quadratic configuration interactions with single and double substitutions (QCISD) calculations are also performed for the singlet curve. The potential energy profiles of this state predicted by DFT methods based on Becke's 1988 exchange functional differ by as much as 17 kcal/mol from the predictions of MCSCF ...
Nutrition and cognitive function in the elderly.

Dementia is the most common and disabling behavioral disorder of later life. Approximately 596 of those older than 65 years are seriously demented, with an additional 1096 suffering from mild degrees of dementia. It is an extremely costly syndrome in terms of the suffering of both patients and their families, as well as the massive public health resource allocation necessary to provide long-term care for the ever-increasing number of elderly demented persons who can no longer function at home. The essential feature of the dementia syndrome is the loss of cognitive function, particularly memory, secondary to an organic insult to brain structure and/or function. During the past decade, major advances have occurred in our understanding of dementia. The widespread belief that "senility" or nonspecific aging inevitably leads to dementia has yielded to the realization that specific disease entities, most notably Alzheimer's disease, underlie the dementia syndrome. 1 Research efforts in
Female rats are more vulnerable to the long-term consequences of neonatal inflammatory injury

Premature infants are routinely exposed to invasive medical procedures during neonatal intensive care treatment that are largely performed in the absence of anesthetics or analgesics. Data collected to date suggest that exposure to early insult during this time of increased plasticity alters the development of the CNS and influences future pain responses. As previous studies examining the impact of neonatal injury on nociception have been conducted primarily in males, the potential adverse effects on females are not known. Therefore, the present studies were conducted to determine whether neonatal injury differentially impacts male and female sensory thresholds in adulthood. A short lasting inflammatory response was evoked in male and female rats on the day of birth with an injection of carrageenan (CGN; 1% or 2%) into the right hindpaw. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed using a noxious thermal stimulus at both adolescence (P40) and adulthood (P60). A more persistent inflammation was subsequently evoked in adult rats with an intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Neonatally injured females exhibited significantly greater hypoalgesia at P60, and displayed enhanced inflammatory hyperalgesia following re-injury in adulthood compared to neonatally injured males and controls. These results demonstrate that the long-term adverse effects of neonatal injury are exacerbated in females, and may contribute to the higher prevalence, severity and duration of pain syndromes noted in women compared to men.
Low-cycle fatigue of piping and pressure vessel steels in LWR environments

Abstract The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of nuclear power plant components. Figure I-90 of Appendix I to Section III of the Code specifies fatigue design curves for structural materials. Although effects of reactor coolant environments are not explicitly addressed by the design curves, test data suggest that the Code fatigue curves may not always be adequate in coolant environments. This paper reports the results of recent fatigue tests that examine the effects of steel type, strain rate, dissolved oxygen level, strain range, loading waveform, and surface morphology on the fatigue life of carbon and low-alloy steels in light water reactor environments.
DNA polymerase from beef adrenal nuclei

Summary A new DNA polymerase activity from adrenocortical nuclei has been observed which appears to be particulate associated. A significant degree of activity is observed in the absence of exogenous DNA template. The enzyme appears to be DNA dependent. Under the conditions of assay very little of the activity is due to terminal transferase activity. This enzyme activity is different from that observed in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction.
Social Democracy and Social Science - Author's Reply

Social Democracy and Social Science By Mark Bevir I. CONTACT INFORMATION Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1950 Email: mbevir@berkeley.edu II. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Mark Bevir is a Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of New Labour: A Critique (Routledge, 2005), and The Logic of the History of Ideas (Cambridge University Press, 1999), and co-author, with R.A.W. Rhodes, of Governance Stories (Routledge, 2006), and Interpreting British Governance (Routledge, 2003).
Factors influencing botulinum toxin dose instability in spasmodic dysphonia patients.

Summary Objective Many patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) see consistent effects from botulinum toxin (BTX) injections of the same dose, whereas others require dosage changes over time. We sought to determine whether demographics (age and gender) or environmental factors (smoking) affect the long-term stability of BTX dosing in these patients. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Charts of all patients undergoing BTX injection for adductor SD were reviewed. Dosage change, defined as whether there was any difference in total dosage used between two beneficial injections, was used as a measure of dosing stability. Beneficial injections were indicated by a voice rating score of at least three of four and any non-zero duration of improved voice. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether age, gender, smoking status, or duration of treatment correlated with odds of having a dosage change. Results A total of 211 patients were ultimately included. Age, gender, and smoking status were all found to have no correlative effect on dosing stability. The only factor that was predictive of dose stability was the number of previous beneficial injections, as every additional injection led to decreased odds of a change in dosage for the next injection (odds ratio = 0.964; 95% confidence interval = 0.947–0.981). Conclusions Dosage of BTX injections for long-term treatment of SD has a significant propensity to remain stable over time. Factors such as age, gender, and smoking status do not appear to influence the dosage stability. These findings should allow for better patient counseling regarding expectations for their long-term treatment.
Neurocognitive Aging and the Compensation Hypothesis

The most unexpected and intriguing result from functional brain imaging studies of cognitive aging is evidence for age-related overactivation: greater activation in older adults than in younger adults, even when performance is age-equivalent. Here we examine the hypothesis that age-related overactivation is compensatory and discuss the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). We review evidence that favors a compensatory account, discuss questions about strategy differences, and consider the functions that may be served by overactive brain areas. Future research directed at neurocognitively informed training interventions may augment the potential for plasticity that persists into the later years of the human lifespan.
Extraction and quantification of daunomycin and doxorubicin in tissues

Abstract The measurement of intracellular concentrations of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin was performed by the application of a simple cell extraction technique combined with a rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. Quantitation was done by fluorescence detection. The extraction procedure was non-degradative and the mean recovery of drug was 95%. A high drug extraction efficiency was confirmed with radiolabeled [ 3 H]doxorubicin. The method is applicable to normal and neoplastic tissue.
Mechanotransduction of bovine articular cartilage superficial zone protein by transforming growth factor β signaling

Objective Mechanical signals are key determinants in tissue morphogenesis, maintenance, and restoration strategies in regenerative medicine, although molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction remain to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanotransduction process of expression of superficial zone protein (SZP), a critical joint lubricant. Methods Regional expression of SZP was first quantified in cartilage obtained from the femoral condyles of immature bovines, using immunoblotting, and visualized by immunohistochemistry. Contact pressure mapping in whole joints was accomplished using pressure-sensitive film and a load application system for joint testing. Friction measurements on cartilage plugs were acquired under boundary lubrication conditions using a pin-on-disk tribometer modified for reciprocating sliding. Direct mechanical stimulation by shear loading of articular cartilage explants was performed with and without inhibition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, and SZP content in media was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results An unexpected pattern of SZP localization in knee cartilage was initially identified, with anterior regions exhibiting high levels of SZP expression. Regional SZP patterns were regulated by mechanical signals and correlated with tribological behavior. Direct relationships were demonstrated between high levels of SZP expression, maximum contact pressures, and low friction coefficients. Levels of SZP expression and accumulation were increased by applying shear stress, depending on location within the knee, and were decreased to control levels with the use of a specific inhibitor of TGFβ receptor type I kinase and subsequent phospho-Smad2/3 activity. Conclusion These findings indicate a new role for TGFβ signaling in the mechanism of cellular mechanotransduction that is especially significant for joint lubrication.
“Brother” and “Uncle“: An Analysis of Rules, Structural Contradictions, and Meaning in Vietnamese Kinship

This paper analyzes the meanings of Vietnamese kinship terms on the basis of the rules that regulate their referential and nonreferential uses. These rules are not completely consistent with one another. They constitute contradictory models of and for sociocultural reality at a certain level. The structural contradictions among these models render 'fuzzy" even the definitions of the prototypical uses of Vietnamese kin terms. The coexistence of alternative models makes the use of a linguistic form both a goal-directed action and the representation of an order. THE ISSUE COMMON TO CLASSICAL SOCIAL THEORISTS AND contemporary social scientists alike is the dynamics of human action. The diverse approaches to the problem pivot on a basic polarity in Western thought: human action either as representation of a supraindividual, monolithic, and self-regulating order or as goal-directed behavior of self-interested, manipulative, and unique individuals. Minor variations notwithstanding, in contemporary social and anthropological theory it is the difference between Durkheim's and Spencer's frameworks, between Levi-Strauss's and Malinowski's theories. In the literature on language, this contrast is nicely summarized by Saussure, who works within the Durkheimian framework. To Saussure, it is the difference between langue as a homogeneous entity of abstract linguistic forms that exists independently of human actions and parole as a heterogeneous mass of speech utterances that vary freely with the "will" of individual actors (1959:9ff.). Language in the Saussurean heritage is assumed to correspond perfectly to another order, either of inner "thought" (sense) or of outer "reality" (reference). Its function is essentially referential and predicational. At the other extreme is Malinowski's atomistic theory of meaning, which emphasizes the context-dependent uses of linguistic forms basically as alternative tactics to achieve desired end states (1935). In this paper, I examine the context-specific and rule-regulated uses of Vietnamese kinship terms in relation to the theoretical polarity between representation and choice, between order and action. These linguistic forms constitute the most important subset in the Vietnamese system of person reference. This system comprises dozens of lexical alternates (kinship terms, proper nouns, personal pronouns, and other nonkinship role terms) that are used to refer to the addressor, the addressees, and third parties in social interactions. My analysis focuses mainly on the general sociocultural parameters within which kinship terms are used and within which their meanings are defined. It is, in other words, an analysis of the native models in terms of which Vietnamese actors use these lexical
Accurate models for CMOS scaling and gate delay in deep sub-micron regime

Accurate models for drain saturation current including velocity saturation, finite thickness of inversion layer due to quantization effect, mobility degradation due to vertical electrical field in the channel, and parasitic S/D series resistance, and their experimental confirmation with measurement data are presented. Furthermore, models for load capacitance and CMOS propagation delay are proposed and experimentally confirmed.
Evaluation of signal-plus-noise detection error in an envelope detector with logarithmic compression (Corresp.)

A correction factor is derived for the amplitude of the detected output of a modulated sinusoidal signal with added Gaussian noise, as processed by an envelope detector with logarithmic compression. Supporting experimental data are presented that were obtained using a typical system having such a detector.
Modulation of neuroimmunity by adenosine and its receptors: Metabolism to mental illness

Adenosine is a pleiotropic bioactive with potent neuromodulatory properties. Due to its ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, it can act as a signaling molecule between the periphery and the brain. It functions through four (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) cell surface G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs) that are expressed in some combination on nearly all cells types within the CNS. By regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase and changing the intracellular concentration of cAMP, adenosine can alter neuronal function and neurotransmission. A variety of illnesses related to metabolic dysregulation, such as type 1 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, are associated with an elevated serum concentration of adenosine and a pathogenesis rooted in inflammation. This review describes the accepted physiologic function of adenosine in neurological disease and explores its new potential as a peripheral to central danger signal that can activate the neuroimmune system and contribute to symptoms of sickness and psychopathologies.
The new institutionalism and the study of the European union: The case of the social dialogue

This article applies new institutionalist perspectives on institutional change to the inclusion in the Maastricht Treaty of social dialogue provisions giving the social partners the right to participate in social policy‐making. It concludes that the new institutionalism cannot explain institutional change. By relying on exogenous variables such as ‘critical junctures’, ‘leadership’ or ‘ideas’, new institutionalist analyses resort to a collection of explanations that proponents of almost any theoretical perspective could use. The new institutionalisin's failure to develop an institutionalist account of change is a serious weakness that brings into question its use as an analytical tool in EU studies.
Academia, Startups and Mobile Advertising

Should more academics be making the leap to startups? I have been lucky enough to have that experience: going from a tenured professor position in mobile systems at UMass Amherst to a CTO job at a $100M+ startup in the mobile advertising space, Fiksu Inc. This talk examines some of the tradeoffs between academia and the startup world, the challenges in starting companies, and the calculus for joining them. Startups abound in the world of mobile advertising technology, which provides the economic foundation of the free-to-play internet and the continuing growth of e-commerce. We will delve into the murky world of advertising technology and discuss the unique opportunities that mobile presents
Sensor failure detection and recovery by neural networks

Describes a method of sensor failure detection, isolation, and accommodation using a neural network approach. In a propulsion system such as the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME), the dynamics are complicated and sometimes not well known. However, the number of variables measured is usually much higher than the order of the system. This built-in redundancy of the sensors can be utilized to detect and correct sensor failure problems. The goal is to train a neural network to identify the sensor whose measurement is not consistent with other sensor outputs. Another neural network is trained to recover the value of critical variables when their measurements fail. Techniques for training the network with a limited amount of data are developed. The proposed scheme was tested using simulated data of the SSME in-flight sensor group. >
Effects of Amino Acid Alterations in Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) 1a, 2b, and 2x on PBP Affinities of Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefditoren, Cefuroxime, Cefprozil, and Cefaclor in 18 Clinical Isolates of Penicillin-Susceptible, -Intermediate, and -Resistant Pneumococci

Amino acid alterations in or flanking conserved motifs making up the active binding sites of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1a, 2b, and 2x of pneumococci were correlated with changes in affinities of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefditoren, cefuroxime, cefprozil, and cefaclor for these PBPs. Four penicillin-susceptible (PSSP), eight penicillin-intermediate (PISP), and six penicillin-resistant (PRSP) pneumococci were studied by DNA sequencing of the penicillin-binding sites of the pbp1a, -2x, and -2b genes of strains and by determining 50% inhibitory concentrations of the seven agents for PBP1a, -2x, and -2b. Two PSSP strains had alterations in PBP2x (L(546)-->V) (one strain) or PBP2b (T(445)-->A) (one strain). All eight PISP strains had at least two alterations--T(338)-->P or A or H(394)-->Y in PBP2X and T(445)-->A in BPB2b. All PRSP strains had the same changes seen in PISP strains, as well as T(371)-->A or S substitutions in PBP1a. The two most resistant PRSP strains had a second change in PBP2x (M(339)-->F) in a conserved motif. The affinities of penicillin and ampicillin for all three PBPs were decreased for PRSP and most PISP strains. The affinity of amoxicillin for PBP1a and -2x was decreased only for PRSP. Cefaclor and cefprozil showed decreased affinity of PRSP but not PISP for all three PBPs. Cefuroxime showed decreased affinity of PISP and PRSP for PBP1a and -2x but no change for PBP2b. Cefditoren showed no difference in PBP affinity based on penicillin or cefditoren MICs, indicating a different PBP target for this agent. Overall, the MICs for and PBP affinities of the strains correlated with the changes found in the PBP active binding sites.