cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RAGING WITH THE TRUTH Condemnation and Concealment in the Poetry of Blake and Hill

An analysis of Geoffrey Hill’s lyric poem about William Blake illuminates the relations between art, prophecy, and imperial politics across more than two centuries. Hill’s poem responds to David V. Erdman’s argument that Blake was resolutely, if ineffectually and sometimes secretly, opposed to war. It also establishes Hill’s own cryptic but definite resistance to contemporary war and warmongers, while it mourns poetry’s public powerlessness to halt the violent competition for material resources. Ignored by the majority, poetry fails to bring about the ethical social change that poets often envision. The layering of perspectives (Hill the poet and scholar writing about Erdman the scholar, who is explicating Blake the poet and artist) allows for a multidimensional interpretation of the role of poets and prophetic poetry. Despite their fury at society’s deafness and greed, and frustration at their own incapacities, poets—because if they are great poets, they are prophets, too—continue to speak to their audiences about the problems of this world and about the better worlds that can be imagined. Hill’s text obliquely teaches how the small success of a great poem can provide a minor note of consolation as it objects to terror and tyranny.
1210 GLUCOSE-LACTATE RELATION IN THE HUMAN NEWBORN

The turnover rate of glucose (GPR), lactate (LPR) and incorporation of lactate carbon into glucose were quantified on the first post-natal day in 10 normal, 4 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 3 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). They were either studied prior to feeding or at least 4 hours after the last feed. ul[13C]Lactate and [2H2]glucose were administered as a prime-constant rate infusion for 4 hours and turnover rates calculated by tracer dilution (mean ± SD). The lactate turnover in the human newborn is increased compared with adults, reflecting increased glycolysis and increased oxygen consumption. Maternal diabetes and intrauterine growth retardation did not effect lactate turnover or its incorporation into glucose. Lactate incorporation into glucose represents only a small component of total glucose produced in the human neonate.
The utility of computed tomography scans in predicting suboptimal cytoreductive surgery in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis may predict which patients with ovarian carcinoma can undergo optimal cytoreduction at primary surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with ovarian carcinoma had optimal cytoreduction rates ranging from 50–60%. The authors sought to determine whether these findings applied to a surgical practice with a higher rate of optimal debulking. A predictive model using CT scanning and CA 125 values would allow the authors to determine which patients would be more appropriately treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Preoperative CT scans for patients with Stage III/IV ovarian carcinoma (according to the staging system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) who were treated between 1996 and 2001 were evaluated retrospectively by 2 radiologists for 17 criteria evaluating the extent of disease. Clinical data were extracted from medical records. Residual tumors measuring ≥ 1 cm were considered suboptimal. Logistic regression was used to evaluate which criteria correlated with optimal cytoreduction. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were identified retrospectively who met entry criteria and had preoperative CT scans of sufficient diagnostic quality. Sixty-two patients (71%) received optimal cytoreductive surgery and 45 (52%) required aggressive surgical procedures. In a multivariate model, only diffuse peritoneal thickening (DPT) independently predicted suboptimal surgical resection (P = 0.016). However, a model using both DPT and ascites on most CT scans had a positive predictive value of 68% and a sensitivity of 52% for predicting suboptimal cytoreduction. CONCLUSIONS The presence of DPT and large-volume ascites was associated with a very low rate of optimal cytoreduction (32%) in a surgical practice. These patients may be more appropriately treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical cytoreduction. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Transverse periosteal sectioning and femur growth in the rat

Circumferential cuts through the periosteal covering of long bones have been demonstrated to transiently increase epiphyseal growth. This effect appears to be independent of vascular changes accompanying surgery and has been hypothesized to relate to releasing tension in the periosteal envelope. This study was designed to address problems of previous investigations by controlling for the effects of the surgical procedure and by using regression analyses to analyze intra- and interanimal variations in the length and proportionality of the femur in experimental, sham, and control Sprague-Dawley male rat littermates. Experimental animals received circumferential periosteal sectioning of the right femur and no operation to the left limb. A sham operation without periosteal sectioning was performed on the right femur in the sham group. Right to left differences were analyzed using two multiple regression models; one involved three absolute length measurements as the dependent variables, while the other used the three ratios of these length measurements as the dependent variables. The ratio measures were utilized to reflect changes in bone proportionality. Circumferential periosteal section was followed by an alteration in the shape of rat femurs at 2 weeks postsurgery with a slight retardation of the length dimension from medial epicondyle to head of the femur and an overgrowth of the length dimension from the lateral epicondyle to the greater trochanter. The sham procedure produced a proportional decrease in all length measurements. The experimental procedure was also associated with surface bone apposition at the site of section. At 3 weeks postsurgery, normalization of bony contours between sham, experimental, and control groups had occurred; however, there were still some statistically significant decreases of length dimensions in the sham and experimental groups. In the experimental group the length measurement involving the weight-bearing head of the femur remained reduced at 3 weeks postsurgery. It is hypothesized that the functional demands of the long bone play an important role in the effect of periosteal regulation on growth. In situations where a normal tensive force is exerted on the bone, the periosteal envelope will act to restrain epiphyseal growth. When the bone is under a normal compressive force the release of periosteal tension is not a quantitatively significant stimulus to epiphyseal growth and the effects of surgical intervention and muscle trauma will play a more important role in the growth response of the epiphyses.
Proteomic profiling of tandem affinity purified 14‐3‐3 protein complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana

In eukaryotes, 14-3-3 dimers regulate hundreds of functionally diverse proteins (clients), typically in phosphorylation-dependent interactions. To uncover new clients, 14-3-3 omega (At1g78300) from Arabidopsis was engineered with a "tandem affinity purification" tag and expressed in transgenic plants. Purified complexes were analyzed by tandem MS. Results indicate that 14-3-3 omega can dimerize with at least 10 of the 12 14-3-3 isoforms expressed in Arabidopsis. The identification here of 121 putative clients provides support for in vivo 14-3-3 interactions with a diverse array of proteins, including those involved in: (i) Ion transport, such as a K(+) channel (GORK), a Cl(-) channel (CLCg), Ca(2+) channels belonging to the glutamate receptor family (1.2, 2.1, 2.9, 3.4, 3.7); (ii) hormone signaling, such as ACC synthase (isoforms ACS-6, -7 and -8 involved in ethylene synthesis) and the brassinolide receptors BRI1 and BAK1; (iii) transcription, such as 7 WRKY family transcription factors; (iv) metabolism, such as phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; and (v) lipid signaling, such as phospholipase D (beta and gamma). More than 80% (101) of these putative clients represent previously unidentified 14-3-3 interactors. These results raise the number of putative 14-3-3 clients identified in plants to over 300.
Chaotic transport by Rossby waves in shear flow

Transport and mixing properties of Rossby waves in shear flow are studied using tools from Hamiltonian chaos theory. The destruction of barriers to transport is studied analytically, by using the resonance overlap criterion and the concept of separatrix reconnection, and numerically by using Poincare sections. Attention is restricted to the case of symmetric velocity profiles with a single maximum; the Bickley jet with velocity profile sech2 is considered in detail. Motivated by linear stability analysis and experimental results, a simple Hamiltonian model is proposed to study transport by waves in these shear flows. Chaotic transport, both for the general case and for the sech2 profile, is investigated. The resonance overlap criterion and the concept of separatrix reconnection are used to obtain an estimate for the destruction of barriers to transport and the notion of banded chaos is introduced to characterize the transport that typically occurs in symmetric shear flows. Comparison between the analytical estimates for barrier destruction and the numerical results is given. The role of potential vorticity conservation in chaotic transport is discussed. An area preserving map, termed standard nontwist map, is obtained from the Hamiltonian model. It is shown that the map reproduces the transport properties and the separatrix reconnection observed in the Hamiltonian model. The conclusions reached are used to explain experimental results on transport and mixing by Rossby waves in rotating fluids.
The Adequacy of Educational Cost Functions: Lessons From Texas

Adequacy studies based on cost functions have come under attack. A recent Texas court battle featured two cost function studies that reached markedly different conclusions about the additional funding needed to meet designated performance goals. Some critics see such disparities as indicators of a general futility in the whole education cost function enterprise. We argue that the more appropriate conclusion is that it is critically important to demand best-practice techniques from any analyst of educational costs. This article uses the Texas litigation studies as a lens through which to explore best practices in the estimation of educational cost functions. The analysis highlights five key decisions that researchers must make when using the cost function methodology in an educational setting and explores the implications of the various possible choices using recent data on public schools in Texas. As the analysis demonstrates, some common practices in cost function analyses of education are not best pract...
Cardioplegia for transplantation: Failure of extracellular solution compared with Stanford or UW solution

Crystalloid cardioplegia with an extracellular fluid formulation is widely used for donor heart protection. A survey of 109 transplant programs yielded 62 replies with 42% of respondents using variations of extracellular solution and 45% using the dextrose and mannitol-based Stanford solution. These two commonly used clinical solutions and University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, which has had success in clinical hepatic and renal transplantation, were compared in a canine model of cardiac transplantation. After antegrade hypothermic cardioplegic arrest, the experimental hearts were excised and stored at 4 degrees C for 6 hours (n = 29). An oxygenated, blood-primed isolated heart preparation was used for reperfusion. After a rest of 45 minutes, cardiac output was increased against constant afterload until a left atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg was reached. The maximum cardiac performance measured by cardiac index, minute work, and stroke work was highly significantly better with Stanford or UW solution protection than with the extracellular solutions (p less than 0.0001). Assuming a cardiac index of 50 mL.kg-1.min-1 is necessary for successful separation from cardiopulmonary bypass, only 1 of 14 extracellular and 15 of 15 Stanford and UW animals would have survived (p less than 0.0001). This study strongly suggests that extracellular cardioplegia is inferior for cardiac transplantation and that programs using this solution should reevaluate their method of myocardial protection for donor hearts.
Tools for teaching CCRs, monitors, and CSP concurrent programming concepts

This paper describes three preprocessors that, respectively, convert conditional critical region (CCR) notation, monitor notation, and Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) notation into equivalent programs written in the SR concurrent programming language. Our goal is to allow students to experiment and to obtain hands-on experience with these notations. Together with native SR, the three preprocessors provide a teaching tool for a wide spectrum of synchronization mechanisms. This paper also describes the favorable experience obtained in using the preprocessors in several courses. The preprocessors are part of the standard SR distribution, which runs on most UNIX systems; they are in the public domain and available via ftp.
Posttransplantation plasma cell dyscrasias.

Background. Lymphoproliferative disorders that occur in patients receiving cyclosporine for immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation typically are B-cell neoplasms associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which may be polyclonal or monoclonal in origin. Although these tumors may have partial B-cell differentiation, (manifested as plasmacytoid features), terminal differentiation to plasma cells that secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin is rare. The case of a patient who developed a posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder that was composed of multiple plasmacytomas located in the abdomen and urinary bladder after liver transplantation is presented. The patient also had high levels of an immunoglobulin-Gk monoclonal paraprotein. Methods. The plasmacytoma was examined for the presence of EBV by both polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, and the possibility of a codon-12 mutation in the ras gene was investigated by digestion of DNA amplification products with the HpaII-restriction endonuclease. Results. Epstein-Barr virus genomes were demonstrated by DNA amplification of sequences in the long, internal, direct repeat region, and in situ hybridization showed expression of EBV RNA transcripts that annealed to an EBER-1 probe. Immunohistochemistry showed clonally restricted expression of K light chains but failed to reveal evidence of expression of the latent membrane protein 1 encoded by EBV. Mutations of codon-12 in the H-ras gene were not detected. Conclusions. Resolution of the tumor and the paraprotein after radiation and reduction of immunosuppression indicates that terminal plasmacytic differentiation does not necessarily portend an unfavorable prognosis, even in a clonal lesion.
End cap nucleation of carbon nanotubes

An easily applied graphical approach for facilitating precise tailoring during computational construction of model uncapped or capped single-wall nanotubes or fullerenes is delineated and utilized in this paper. The main enabling concepts are the commonly suggested growth mechanisms for single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes mediated by end cap structures. The construction protocol described herein can be used to rapidly create any type of armchair, zigzag, chiral or nonchiral defect-free nanotube. Any desired, feasible combination of length and diameter, along with specific placement of hexagonal and pentagonal rings or end caps, can also be controlled. A classification system for end caps is also developed in order to help simplify choosing or describing the particular carbon system under investigation. The suggested methodology is used to systematically model heats of formation of a variety of carbon nanotubes and related fullerenes using AM1 semiempirical calculations. The main factors affecting the calculated physical properties, other than size, are the structures of the various base and terminating end caps. Finally, we comment on the possible relationship of the construction methodology to mechanisms for carbon nanotube nucleation.
Two-Dimensional Stress Analysis of Low-Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Overlay/Substrate Systems

AbstractLow-temperature cracking of an asphalt pavement is caused by the deformation mismatch between the asphalt overlay layer and the underlying pavement layer in cold climates or where rapid temperature change exists. When longitudinal tensile stress in the overlay reaches a certain level, transverse cracks will initiate at the surface to release the energy stored in the asphalt material. When crack spacing reduces to a certain value, crack density becomes saturated and no new cracks will form. The fracture behavior significantly changes with the properties of the underlying layer and the interface. A recently developed theory of stress transfer is used to obtain a closed-form solution for the elastic field in an asphalt overlay fully bonded to the underlying layer, based on the periodic boundary-value problem. Using the correspondence principle, the formulation is extended to consider the viscoelastic material behavior of asphalt materials, so that the time-dependent material behavior of asphalt pavem...
Improving the visualization and detection of tissue folds in whole slide images through color enhancement

Objective : The objective of this paper is to improve the visualization and detection of tissue folds, which are prominent among tissue slides, from the pre-scan image of a whole slide image by introducing a color enhancement method that enables the differentiation between fold and non-fold image pixels. Method: The weighted difference between the color saturation and luminance of the image pixels is used as shifting factor to the original RGB color of the image. Results: Application of the enhancement method to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images improves the visualization of tissue folds regardless of the colorimetric variations in the images. Detection of tissue folds after application of the enhancement also improves but the presence of nuclei, which are also stained dark like the folds, was found to sometimes affect the detection accuracy. Conclusion: The presence of tissue artifacts could affect the quality of whole slide images, especially that whole slide scanners select the focus points from the pre-scan image wherein the artifacts are indistinguishable from real tissue area. We have a presented in this paper an enhancement scheme that improves the visualization and detection of tissue folds from pre-scan images. Since the method works on the simulated pre-scan images its integration to the actual whole slide imaging process should also be possible.
EIGENSOLUTIONS OF ANNULAR-LIKE ELASTIC DISKS WITH INTENTIONALLY REMOVED OR ADDED MATERIAL

Abstract Many examples of elastic, isotropic, stationary annular-like disks are studied analytically and experimentally for free-free and clamped-free boundary conditions. Natural frequencies and deformation shapes of the first few flexural modes including repeated roots are examined and tabulated. Disks with large circular holes or annular holes or annular slots within the disk body with a volume or mass ratio Γ of 5 to 15% are studied with particular emphasis on mode shapes as they deviate from the regular annular plate modes. Material removal cases via incisions or minor cuts at the disk rim, hub or within the body are not considered in this investigation. Material addition cases are simulated by thickening the outer rim or inner hub regions, for Γvalues up to 60%. The final example considers a gear from a helicopter tail rotor gearbox; it has 8 holes and thick rim and hub. A bi-orthogonal polynomial-trigonometrical shape function series is proposed in the Ritz minimization scheme that employs both classical thin and Mindlin's thick plate theories. The effect of number of terms is evaluated by examining an expansion of the linearly independent basis function and by calculating an overall root mean square (rms) error associated with the prediction of a mode shape. The clamped inner edge is described by 4 alternate models and the impedance boundary condition described was found to be the most satisfactory. Predictions of the semi-analytical Ritz method closely match with measured eigensolutions and results yielded by finite element models. The Ritz method is especially attractive because of significant computational savings in addition to the ease with which it can be integrated within a component mode synthesis or multi-body dynamics framework for forced response or system design studies.
Effect of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate on hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

SummaryCalcium disodium EDTA at the maximum tolerated dosage by the intraperitoneal route had no effect on dietary induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits.
Application of chitosan films for the removal of food dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption

Abstract Chitosan films were applied to remove acid red 18 and FD&C blue no. 2 dyes from aqueous solutions. The films were prepared by casting technique and characterized. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were carried out at different temperatures (298–328 K). Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson models were fitted to the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters (Δ G 0 , Δ H 0 and Δ S 0 ) were also estimated. Kinetic study was realized using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The possible films–dyes interactions were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and color parameters. The maximum experimental adsorption capacities were 194.6 mg g −1 and 154.8 mg g −1 for the acid red 18 and FD&C blue no. 2, respectively, obtained at 298 K. It was found that the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model presented satisfactory fit with the experimental data ( R 2 > 0.98 and ARE R 2 > 0.95 and ARE
A southern root-knot nematode resistance QTL linked to the T-locus in soybean.

Southern root-knot nematode [RKI; Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] is an important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest. When RKI resistance was introgressed from the highly resistant, gray pubescent breeding line G93-9009 into moderately resistant, tawny pubescent cultivars BoggsRR and BenningRR, higher than expected proportions of two advanced backcross populations had gray pubescence. Introgressing genes from unadapted breeding lines into cultivars may reduce seed yield or quality of the resulting lines. This study's objectives were to determine if (i) an RKI resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) is linked to the T-locus conditioning pubescence color in G93-9009, and (ii) a yield or seed quality loss is associated with introgressing G93-9009 RKI resistance QTL into BenningRR and BoggsRR. Tawny and gray pubescent F 2:4 lines of BoggsRR(6) x G93-9009 and BenningRR(5) x G93-9009 were evaluated in greenhouse experiments for RKI resistance and in field experiments grown in four environments for seed yield and quality. Gray lines of both populations averaged 75% fewer RKI eggs per plant than tawny lines. There were no significant differences in seed yield. Differences in agronomic traits such as plant height, seed size, and oil and protein content were observed. These results suggest an RKI resistance QTL exists near the T-locus and the potential to introgress resistance from G93-9009 into other genetic backgrounds without a loss in yield or major impact on other agronomic traits.
Evaluation of Compounded Bevacizumab Prepared for Intravitreal Injection

Importance Bevacizumab acquired from compounding pharmacies for intravitreal injection may cause infectious and noninfectious inflammation. In addition to safety issues, the drug itself may have variable efficacy associated with product aliquoting, handling, and distribution. Objective To conduct surveillance cultures, evaluate endotoxin levels, and assess protein concentrations of bevacizumab obtained from compounding pharmacies in the United States. Design and Setting Prospective in vitro study of syringes containing intravitreal preparations of bevacizumab from compounding pharmacies. This study was conducted at a university-based, good manufacturing practice facility and academic ophthalmology practice. Main Outcomes and Measures Microbial culture growth, endotoxin levels, and quantity and binding affinity of protein in each sample. Results There were no microbial contaminants or endotoxin detected in any of the samples. Of the 21 compounded samples of bevacizumab obtained from 11 pharmacies, 17 (81%) had lower protein concentrations (mean [SD], 22.2 [4.9] mg/mL; range, 19.2-24.5 mg/mL) compared with bevacizumab acquired directly from Genentech (25 mg/mL; P Conclusions and Relevance Test results from intravitreal preparations of bevacizumab acquired from compounding pharmacies were negative for microbial contaminants and endotoxin. However, there were significant variations in protein concentration that appear in general to be lower than bevacizumab acquired directly from Genentech. The clinical implications of these variable protein levels remain uncertain.
Distribution System Integrated Voltage and Reactive Power Control

Automated distribution systems offer new opportunities for improved control of voltage and reactive power at the distribution substation and feeder level. Digital processor algorithms which can have the objective functions of controlling voltage and reactive power and minimizing feeder losses in an integrated fashion according to specified priorities are described. Simulation results using a representative simplified distribution feeder configuration are presented based on the algorithms developed in connection with the PROBE [1] substation and feeder automation research project. This work is being advanced as a part of the development of the Integrated Distribution Control and Protection System engineering prototype for EPRI in Project RP 1472-1.
Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations

This article introduces political scientists to scenarios—future counterfactuals—and demonstrates their value in tandem with other methodologies and across a wide range of research questions. The authors describe best practices regarding the scenario method and argue that scenarios contribute to theory building and development, identifying new hypotheses, analyzing data-poor research topics, articulating “world views,” setting new research agendas, avoiding cognitive biases, and teaching. The article also establishes the low rate at which scenarios are used in the international relations subfield and situates scenarios in the broader context of political science methods. The conclusion offers two detailed examples of the effective use of scenarios.
Day/Night Differences in the Stimulation of Adenylate Cyclase Activity by Calcium/Calmodulin in Chick Pineal Cell Cultures: Evidence for Circadian Regulation of Cyclic AMP

In chick pineal cell culture, stimulation of adenylate cyclase with the diterpene forskolin was greater during the subjective night than during the subjective day. This rhythm of cyclic AMP (cAMP) stimulation mimicked the rhythm of unstimulated cAMP measured previously during LD cycles from flow-through culture. Direct measurement of adenylate cyclase activity in permeabilized cells revealed an adenylate cyclase activity activated by Ca2+/calmodulin during the night but not during the day. However, this difference in adenylate cyclase activity at twotimes of the circadian cycle is apparent only when permeabilized cells were prewashed with buffer containing GTP. When cAMP was measured from flow-through cultures maintained in continuous darkness to determine whether a circadian clock may regulate cAMP, a low-amplitude rhythm was measured. The circadian rhythm of cAMP was similar to the cAMP rhythm previously measured on LD cycles except that the rhythm in darkness had a lower amplitude. Similar to the suppr...
Abstract 3520: Pegylated nanoplatinates: A novel re-engineered cisplatin for cancer chemotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) is a platinum based chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. There are two major concerns of cisplatin based chemotherapy: first is relapse of cancer in majority of pateints with cisplatin resistant disease and second is cisplatin associated nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). In the present study, we have demonstrated that cisplatin can be complexed using a carboxylato bond with poly-isobutylene-maleic acid, derivatized with a polyethylene glycol moiety. We found that at unique cisplatin to polymer ratio, this conjugate self-assembles into nanoparticles, and exhibits enhanced therapeutic efficacy without any nephrotoxicity as compared with cisplatin in murine lewis lung carcinoma model. The PIMA-PEG-CDDP conjugate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma and 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. The nanoparticles were taken up by cancer cells through endocytosis within 6 hours and retained in subcellular compartment over 24 hours in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in an in vivo 4T1 breast cancer model, PIMA-PEG-CDDP nanoparticles reduce tumor growth drastically with no side effects, thus increasing the survival rate of the mice as compared to free cisplatin treated mice. Thus our studies showed that pegylated-PIMA-CDDP can be harnessed for lung and breast cancer chemotherapy with increased therapeutic index compared with cisplatin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3520.
Hormonal control of parietal cell function.

In order to study the actions of secretagogues and inhibitors of acid secretion, parietal cells have been isolated from canine fundic mucosa. Prepared by the sequential exposure to collagenase and EDTA of mucosa that has been bluntly separated from submucosa, these parietal cells retain responsiveness to stimulation as evidenced by increases in oxygen uptake and aminopyrine accumulation, and by undergoing the morphologic transformation that characterizes the stimulated parietal cell in intact mucosa. Cimetidine and atropine specifically inhibited the effects of histamine and carbachol, respectively, but failed to inhibit the small response to gastrin, which indicates that the parietal cell has separate and specific receptors for each of these two stimulants plus a third receptor for gastrin. Furthermore, potentiating interactions were found between histamine and gastrin, and histamine and carbachol, but not between carbachol and gastrin. However, when parietal cells were treated simultaneously with histamine, gastrin, and carbachol, in concentrations that when acting alone produced threshold stimulation, a three-way potentiating interaction was found. In the presence of these combinations, atropine and cimetidine retained their respective specificities against carbachol and histamine. The specific actions of these inhibitors may explain their apparent nonspecificity in vivo in that, by blocking the histamine and carbachol components of potentiating interactions, the agents will appear to block the actions of the pharmacologically unrelated components of the interaction. Thus, in vivo, if the parietal cell were under sufficient effects from endogenous histamine and acetylcholine to support potentiating interactions, then the potentiated response to superimposed stimuli such as gastrin would be inhibited by both cimetidine and atropine.
Changes in the Total Magnetic Energy External to the Earh's Core

The loss of magnetic energy accompanying the decrease in the earth's dipole field during the past 50 years has been shown by McDonald and Gunst to have been balanced by an equal increase in the energy of the nondipole field. It is shown that over time intervals of the order of 2000 years, conservation of the total magnetic energy stored outside the earth's core is not indicated by paleomagnetic measurements of ancient directions and intensities of the field. However during the past 120 years, a decrease in dipole energy at a rate of 5.1×1022ergs/year has been partly balanced by an increase in nondipole energy at a rate of 3.8×1022ergs/year. The net effect is a decrease in the total magnetic energy during the past 120 years at an annual rate of 0.01 percent, which is much less than the average rate during the past 1550 years inferred from paleomagnetic measurements.
Neurocognitive morbidity in patients with sickle cell disease: A risk for Alzheimer’s disease?

including high resolution monitoring of hydration changes in proteins. In the present study, we evaluated the disease specific hydration behavior of proteins during the thermal destabilization in CSF samples, based on high resolution molecular acoustic measurements. Analysis of the temperature induced hydration changes enabled a specific characterization of different dementia stages versus healthy controls. We validated to potential of molecular acoustic as a new diagnostic approach to aggregation disorders by investigating CSF samples from patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) an early form of human dementia. Comparison of the temperature profiles of ultrasonic velocities enabled a statistically significant differentiation of the MCI group from the healthy control group. Subsequent characterization of the ultrasonic velocity profiles by pattern recognition tools led to the differentiation of the MCI group from healthy groups.These results suggests that molecular acoustics represent a new technical solution for the characterization of early stages of neurodegenerative disorders and may provide a new entry point for diagnostic strategies of misfolding disorders
Characterization of the Intraflagellar Transport Complex B Core DIRECT INTERACTION OF THE IFT81 AND IFT74/72 SUBUNITS

Required for the assembly and maintenance of eukaryotic cilia and flagella, intraflagellar transport (IFT) consists of the bidirectional movement of large protein particles between the base and the distal tip of the organelle. Anterograde movement of particles away from the cell body is mediated by kinesin-2, whereas retrograde movement away from the flagellar tip is powered by cytoplasmic dynein 1b/2. IFT particles contain multiple copies of two distinct protein complexes, A and B, which contain at least 6 and 11 protein subunits, respectively. In this study, we have used increased ionic strength to remove four peripheral subunits from the IFT complex B of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, revealing a 500-kDa core that contains IFT88, IFT81, IFT74/72, IFT52, IFT46, and IFT27. This result demonstrates that the complex B subunits, IFT172, IFT80, IFT57, and IFT20 are not required for the core subunits to stay associated. Chemical cross-linking of the complex B core resulted in multiple IFT81-74/72 products. Yeast-based two-hybrid and three-hybrid analyses were then used to show that IFT81 and IFT74/72 directly interact to form a higher order oligomer consistent with a tetrameric complex. Similar analysis of the vertebrate IFT81 and IFT74/72 homologues revealed that this interaction has been evolutionarily conserved. We hypothesize that these proteins form a tetrameric complex, (IFT81)2(IFT74/72)2, which serves as a scaffold for the formation of the intact IFT complex B.
Evaluation and management of pediatric hypertensive crises: hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies

Hypertension (HTN) in the pediatric population is estimated to have a world-wide prevalence of 2%-5%. As with adults, pediatric patients with HTN can present with hypertensive crises include hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies. However, pediatric blood pressure problems have a greater chance of being from secondary causes of HTN, as opposed to primary HTN, than in adults. Thorough evaluation of a child with a hypertensive emergency includes accurate blood pressure readings, complete and focused symptom history, and appropriate past medical, surgical, and family history. Physical exam should include height, weight, four-limb blood pressures, a general overall examination and especially detailed cardiovascular and neurological examinations, including fundoscopic examination. Initial work-up should typically include electrocardiography, chest X-ray, serum chemistries, complete blood count, and urinalysis. Initial management of hypertensive emergencies generally includes the use of intravenous or oral antihypertensive medications, as well as appropriate, typically outpatient, follow-up. Emergency department goals for hypertensive crises are to (1) safely lower blood pressure, and (2) treat/minimize acute end organ damage, while (3) identifying underlying etiology. Intravenous antihypertensive medications are the treatment modality of choice for hypertensive emergencies with the goal of reducing systolic blood pressure by 25% of the original value over an 8-hour period.
β-Amyloid precursor protein-like immunoreactivity is upregulated during olfactory nerve regeneration in adult rats

Abstract β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the source of β-amyloid, which forms the cores of senile plaques in Alzheimer's Disease. However, the function of this precursor protein is currently unknown and an adult animal in which this protein varied substantially would be valuable. We used subcutaneous diethyldithiocarbamate to reversibly lesion the olfactory epithelium in adult rats and found that whole-bulb levels of APP-like immunoreactivity significantly decreased after the lesion, then increased reaching almost five-fold normal levels six weeks after treatment. Growth cone associated protein (GAP43) decreased when the nerve degenerated, then increased, replicating previous studies of olfactory nerve regeneration. Immunocytochemical techniques identified APP immunoreactive perikarya and fibers in and around glomeruli at three days to one week post-lesion and upregulation of APP-like immunoreactivity in mitral cells and dendrites at five weeks. Olfactory nerve regeneration appears to be a useful in vivo model system to understand the regulation of APP-like proteins.
Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase in Lactating Bovine Mammary Glands

Abstract The occurrence and subcellular distribution of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase have been studied in lactating bovine mammary glands. The enzyme appears to have only a cursory association with the mitochondrial fraction, because significant amounts of the enzyme are found in other membrane-containing fractions and in the cytosol. Polyamines stimulate the enzyme in vitro, supporting the mediation of cursory attachment to membrane fractions by these compounds. The enzyme is selective for NADPH but can utilize NADH as well. Long-chain coenzyme A derivatives, which are generated during lipid metabolism, almost completely inhibit this enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of a portion of the proline needed for casein production. Overall, the enzyme concentration in the gland correlates well with a role in the conversion of an intermediate, L-Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate, into proline, an important amino acid for the mammary secretory process, especially casein synthesis.
Amplitude Rise Time Does Not Cue the /bɑ/–/wɑ/ Contrast for Adults or Children

Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that children weight the acoustic cues to many phonemic decisions differently than do adults and gradually shift those strategies as they gain language ex...
Structural and Biophysical Characterization of Inner Ear Tip Link Variants

At the molecular level, human hearing relies upon the tip-to-tip interaction of two unique non-classical cadherins, protocadherin 15 (Pcdh15) and cadherin 23 (Cdh23). Together, these two proteins form a filament called the tip link that connects neighboring stereocilia of mechanosensitive hair cells. Sound waves cause the stereocilia to deflect applying a force to the tip link and opening a nearby transduction channel. Disruption of the tip link caused by loud sound or chemical treatments eliminates transduction currents and illustrates that tip link integrity is critical for mechanosensing. Recent studies have found that remodeling of the tip link after disruption is a dynamic process, which leads to the formation of atypical complexes that may incorporate alternatively spliced variants or isoforms of Pcdh15. Our current work focuses on understanding these unusual tip links and comparing them with the prototypical tip link. Here, we present the crystal structure of a new complex formed from Cdh23 and isoform 2 of Pcdh15 refined at 3.5 A resolution. While the molecular structure reveals subtle differences between the two complexes, the binding affinity between Cdh23 and isoform 2 of Pcdh15 is notably different from Cdh23 and isoform 1 of Pcdh15 as observed in analytical size exclusion chromatography. These results clearly demonstrate that alternative heterotypic tip link structures form stable protein-protein interactions in vitro and provide no evidence to support the existence of homotypic Pcdh15-Pcdh15 tip links. Additional studies will focus on other Pcdh15 isoforms and determine how changes in the tip link structure alter the mechanical properties of the filament.
Developing Teachers' Knowledge of Students as Learners of Mathematics through Structured Interviews.

A structured interview process is proffered as an effective means to advance prospective teachers’ understandings of students as learners of mathematics, a key component of pedagogical content knowledge. The interview process is carried out in three phases with the primary objective of developing listening skills for accessing students’ mathematical thinking. The interviews adhere to clinical interview procedures for discovering cognitive activities and, accordingly, are initiated by presenting an open-ended mathematics task. Three rounds of interviews were completed by undergraduates enrolled in a middle school mathematics methods course. Anecdotal data generated by their interview reports suggest that the structured interview process engenders an interpretive orientation to listening to students and furthers awareness of how students make sense of mathematics. Features of the interview process that may limit its potential benefits are discussed; recommendations for further study are proposed.
Venous thromboembolism in a rehabilitation setting after major lower-extremity amputation.

Abstract Huang ME, Johns JS, White J, Sanford K. Venous thromboembolism in a rehabilitation setting after major lower-extremity amputation. Objective To determine the prevalence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) and impact on functional outcome in patients with major lower-extremity (LE) amputation admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Design Retrospective medical records review. Setting Acute inpatient rehabilitation unit in a tertiary, urban academic medical center. Participants Fifty consecutive patients admitted to an acute inpatient rehabilitation unit after a major LE amputation. Participants were screened at rehabilitation admission for LE deep vein thrombosis using duplex ultrasonography. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures VTED incidence, FIM instrument, total rehabilitation charges, and length of stay (LOS). Results Six of 50 patients (12%) had evidence of VTED. The VTED cohort had significantly lower admission and discharge FIM scores than the no-VTED cohort (admission FIM score, 57.2 vs 76.0; discharge FIM score, 66.0 vs 90.1, respectively; P ≤.02). Subjects with VTED had a longer rehabilitation LOS (22.8d vs 13.9d, respectively; P =.02) and higher total rehabilitation charges ($28,314 vs $17,724, respectively; P Conclusions In this study, VTED prevalence after LE amputation in a rehabilitation setting was 12%. Subjects with VTED had lower admission and discharge functional status, longer LOS, and higher hospital charges. The utility of screening duplex ultrasound examinations at rehabilitation admission remains unclear.
Thermal recovery processes in laser irradiated HgCdTe (PC) detectors

An experimental method for measuring the transient and steady-state thermal characteristics of ir photoconductors is introduced. Thermal recovery processes in laser irradiated HgCdTe (PC) detectors were investigated. The characteristics of thermal recovery processes are found to be quite sensitive to the specific details of detector construction. For the most part thermal recovery in these detectors takes place on two separate time scales. Initially the signal recovers partially to an intermediate level on a time scale of several milliseconds. The rest of the recovery occurs much more slowly, i.e., on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. It was found that the magnitude of the thermally induced signal, the relative importance of the two recovery processes, and the exact shape of the thermal recovery curve vary with power density and irradiation time. A one-dimensional thermal model of the detector for both pulsed and cw laser irradiation is presented. Calculated thermal recovery curves are found to agree well with the experimental results for irradiation times as long as 20 msec. The two recovery times are found to be due to the two thermally resistive bonding layers. The utility of this model for predicting the thermal characteristics of new improved detector designs is discussed.
Covalent immobilization of RGDS on hydrogel surfaces to direct cell alignment and migration.

Abstract This study extends the capability for directing cell behavior using PEG-based hydrogels in tissue-engineering applications to include control over the spatial distribution of the adhesive peptide, RGDS. A continuous linear gradient was formed by simultaneously using a gradient maker to combine precursor solutions and using photopolymerization to lock the RGDS gradient in place. Hydrogels containing entrapped gradients of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were characterized using Coomassie brilliant blue stain, which indicated that BSA concentration increases along the hydrogel's length and that the steepness of the gradient's slope can be varied by changing the relative BSA concentrations in the precursor solutions. Human dermal fibroblasts responded to covalently immobilized RGDS gradients by changing their morphology to align in the direction of increasing RGDS concentration. After 24 h, ∼46% of fibroblasts were aligned with the RGDS-gradient axis. This proportion of cells further increased to ∼53% ( p
Comparison theorems for curves of bounded geodesic curvature in metric spaces of curvature bounded above

Comparison and rigidity theorems are proved for curves of bounded geodesic curvature in singular spaes of curvature bounded above. Most of these estimates do not appear in the literature even for smooth curves in Riemannian manifolds. Geodesic curvature (which agrees with the usual one in the smooth case) is defined by comparison to curves of constant curvature in a model space. Two methods of comparison are used, preserving either sidelengths of inscribed triangles or arclength and chordlength. Using a majorization theorem of Reshetnyak, we obtain best possible global comparisons for arclength, chordlength, width and base angles in a CAT(K) space. A criterion for a metric ball to be a CAT(K) space is also given, in terms of the radius and the radial uniqueness property.
Inequality Orderings, Normalized Stochastic Dominance, and Statistical Inference

This article derives large-sample properties and provides asymptotically distribution-free statistical inference procedures for an alternative approach to inequality orderings—normalized stochastic dominance (NSD). NSD is a straightforward extension of standard dominance techniques. As such, it can be generalized to higher orders of dominance, thereby providing a more powerful technique for ranking distributions. We illustrate the NSD method by applying it to Current Population Survey data for 1970–1990.