cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen regulation of the avian transferrin gene in transgenic mice.

Abstract The intact chicken transferrin gene was microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs, and the resulting transgenic animals were used to produce lines of mice containing integrated copies of the chicken gene. The levels of expression of the chicken gene were quantitated in various tissues, and the response of the gene to estrogen stimulation was measured after chronic or acute estrogen exposure. Two of the three mouse lines studied maintained stable levels of expression in successive generations of offspring, and the third line had two- to threefold-higher levels in offspring than in the original parent. In the third line, the original transgenic parent was found to be a mosaic. The chicken transferrin gene was expressed at 10- to 20-fold-higher levels in liver than in any other tissue; however, the levels of chicken transferrin mRNA in kidney were higher than expected, indicating that the tissue specificity was only partial. In all three lines, the foreign gene was induced by estrogen administration. After 10 days of estrogen administration, there was a twofold increase in both transferrin mRNA and transcription of the chicken transferrin gene. A single injection of estradiol led to a fourfold increase in transferrin mRNA synthesis at 4h. As a control the levels of mouse albumin were measured, and both the level of albumin mRNA and its rate of transcription declined about twofold after estrogen administration. Our results indicate that the intact chicken gene with 2.2 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence contains signals for both tissue specificity and steroid regulation that can be recognized in mice.
Blending Ad Hoc and Formal Workflow Models in Support of Different Stakeholders Needs

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) also known as business process management systems (BPMSs) are increasingly popular in today’s large organizations. In spite of this popularity, many processes are still supported by ad hoc systems based, for example, on spreadsheets and homegrown databases. In particular, there is a lack of flexible process automation approaches that are able to bridge the gap between these ad hoc solutions and large-scale systems. This paper reports on a flexible WfMS and approach that blends formal and informal workflow modeling and execution, thus supporting different types of processes. We validate our work by discussing its design and implementation, and by analyzing its use in four different use cases within Siemens business units. We also discuss the role of action items as important flexibility mechanisms behind our model. Showing its ability to handle exceptions and ad hoc workflows.
The effect of jet shape on jet injection

The effects of the dispersion pattern of a needle-free jet injector are explored. The shape of the jets were compared using a high-speed video camera and jet injections of collimated and dispersed fluid jets with a Lorentz-force actuated jet injector were made into acrylamide gel and post-mortem porcine tissue. A custom-built high-speed X-ray imaging system was used in order to observe the dynamics of the dispersion mechanism for each injection in real time. We show that a collimated jet stream results in greater tissue penetration than a dispersed jet stream.
A recalibration of strong-line oxygen abundance diagnostics via the direct method and implications for the high-redshift universe

We use direct method oxygen abundances in combination with strong optical emission lines, stellar masses ($M_{\star}$), and star formation rates (SFRs) to recalibrate the N2, O3N2, and N2O2 oxygen abundance diagnostics. We stack spectra of $\sim$200,000 star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in bins of $M_{\star}$ and SFR offset from the star forming main sequence to measure the weak emission lines needed to apply the direct method. All three new calibrations are reliable to within $\pm 0.10$ dex from $\log(M_{\star}/M_{\odot}) \sim 7.5 - 10.5$ and up to at least $200~M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ in SFR. The N2O2 diagnostic is the least subject to systematic biases. We apply the diagnostics to galaxies in the local universe and investigate the $M_{\star}$-$Z$-${\rm SFR}$ relation. The N2 and O3N2 diagnostics suggest the SFR dependence of the $M_{\star}$-$Z$-${\rm SFR}$ relation varies with both $M_{\star}$ and $\Delta \log(SSFR)$, whereas the N2O2 diagnostic suggests a nearly constant dependence on SFR. We apply our calibrations to a sample of high redshift galaxies from the literature, and find them to be metal poor relative to local galaxies with similar $M_{\star}$ and SFR. The calibrations do reproduce direct method abundances of the local analogs. We conclude that the $M_{\star}$-$Z$-${\rm SFR}$ relation evolves with redshift.
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes

Diabetes has negative effects on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty, including increased numbers of complications, decreased function, early revision, and higher costs. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide; therefore, the orthopaedic surgeon should have an understanding of how diabetes affects surgical outcomes.
Similar algorithms in different sensory systems and animals.

Animals must both recognize and localize the sensory signals essential for their survival and reproduction. Certain cues contained in a signal define its identity and location. Such cues include, for example, the temporal pattern of song for species recognition in crickets and binaural disparities for sound localization in owls. One can predict potential cues and the methods of using them from consideration of the physical attributes of the signal for the task. The discovery of the real cue that is used by the animal, however, requires study of the animal's response to different potential cues.
Consistency in the reporting of sensitive behaviors by adolescent american indian women: A comparison of interviewing methods

Computer-assisted interviewing techniques have increasingly been used in program and research settings to improve data collection quality and efficiency. Little is known, however, regarding the use of such techniques with American Indian (AI) adolescents in collecting sensitive information. This brief compares the consistency of AI adolescent mothers' reporting of sensitive sexual and drug use behaviors gathered through three distinct interviewing techniques: computer-assisted (ACASI), self-administered questionnaire (SAQ), and face-to-face interview (FTFI). Endorsement of drug use and reporting of sexual activity was highest for ACASI, followed by SAQ, and was significantly lower for FTFI. Relatively strong agreement was measured between ACASI and SAQ, and relatively poor agreement was measured between the ACASI and FTFI. Findings support the use of computer-assisted interviewing techniques with AI adolescents, and implications for future research are discussed.
Detection of Molecular Alterations in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Next-Generation Sequencing: an Institutional Experience

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) harbors rearranged during transfection (RET) gene and rarely RAS gene mutations. The knowledge of the type of gene mutation in MTC is important to determine the treatment of the patients and the management of their family members. Targeted next-generation sequencing with a panel of 47 genes was performed in a total of 12 cases of sporadic (9/12) and hereditary MTC (3/12). Two of three hereditary MTCs had RET/C634R mutation, while the other one harbored two RET mutations (L790F and S649L). All the sporadic MTC had RET/M918T mutation except one case with HRAS mutation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide comprehensive analysis of molecular alterations in MTC in a routine clinical setting, which facilitate the management of the patient and the family members.
8. Twisted Torus Bundles

8.1 Two-Cocycles of Discrete Groups 8.2 One-Cochains Associated to 2-Cocycles 8.3 Families of Torus Bundles 8.4 Cohomology
Chimpanzees, Gorillas, Fictionalization

If research on the child’s acquisition of language is blocked by an invisibility, what about research, still quite controversial, on the acquisition of human language by chimpanzees and gorillas? There is an invisibility there too — but partly of a different kind.
Effect of multi-tank thermal energy storage, recuperator effectiveness, and solar receiver conductance on the performance of a concentrated solar supercritical CO2-based power plant operating under different seasonal conditions

Abstract Renewable energy technologies based on solar energy concentration are important alternatives to supply the rising energy demand in the world and to mitigate the negative environmental impact caused by the extensive use of fossil-fuels. In this work, a thermodynamic model based on energy and exergy analyses is developed to study the transient behavior of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) supercritical CO2 plant operating under different seasonal conditions. The system analyzed is composed of a central receiver, hot and cold thermal energy storage units, heat exchangers, a recuperator, and three-stage compression and expansion subsystems with intercoolers between compressors and reheaters between turbines, respectively. From the exergy analysis, the recuperator, the hot thermal energy storage, and the solar receiver were identified as the main sources for exergy destruction with more than 70.0% of the total lost work in the plant. These components offer an important potential to improve the system performance via design optimization. With reference parameters, the system reaches efficiencies of about 18.3%. These efficiencies are increased with a combination of improved design parameters, reaching values of between 26.0% and 29.4%, depending on the season, which are relatively good for CSP plants.
Modeling and Analysis of Ambient RF Energy Harvesting in Networks with Secrecy Guard Zones

This paper studies the secrecy performance in wireless networks (primary network) overlaid with an ambient RF energy harvesting network (secondary network). The nodes in the secondary network are assumed to be solely powered by ambient RF energy harvested from transmissions of the primary network. We assume that the secondary nodes can eavesdrop on the primary transmissions due to which the primary network uses {\em secrecy guard zones}. The primary transmitter goes silent if any secondary receiver is detected within its guard zone. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we first derive the optimal guard zone radius that minimizes the probability of going silent while ensuring a predefined minimum secure connection probability. Clearly, when more secondary nodes are deployed, more primary transmitters will remain silent for a given guard zone radius, thus impacting the amount of energy harvested by the secondary network. This introduces an interesting coupling between the performance of the two networks. We study this coupling using tools from game theory and propose an algorithm that can assist the two networks to converge to Nash equilibrium. Our results demonstrate the convergence of the proposed algorithm to the Nash equilibrium in finite number of iterations. Overall, this work forms one of the few concrete works that symbiotically merge tools from stochastic geometry and game theory.
Limiting Factors for External Reactor Vessel Cooling

The method of external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) that involves flooding of the reactor cavity during a severe accident has been considered a viable means for in-vessel retention (IVR). For high-power reactors, however, there are some limiting factors that might adversely affect the feasibility of using ERVC as a means for IVR. In this paper, the key limiting factors for ERVC have been identified and critically discussed. These factors include the choking limit for steam venting (CLSV) through the bottleneck of the vessel/insulation structure, the critical heat flux (CHF) for downward-facing boiling on the vessel outer surface, and the two-phase flow instabilities in the natural circulation loop within the flooded cavity. To enhance ERVC, it is necessary to eliminate or relax these limiting factors. Accordingly, methods to enhance ERVC and thus improve margins for IVR have been proposed and demonstrated, using the APR1400 as an example. The strategy is based on using two distinctly different methods to enhance ERVC. One involves the use of an enhanced vessel/insulation design to facilitate steam venting through the bottleneck of the annular channel. The other involves the use of an appropriate vessel coating to promote downward-facing boiling. It is found that the use ofmore » an enhanced vessel/insulation design with bottleneck enlargement could greatly facilitate the process of steam venting through the bottleneck region as well as streamline the resulting two-phase motions in the annular channel. By selecting a suitable enhanced vessel/insulation design, not only the CLSV but also the CHF limits could be significantly increased. In addition, the problem associated with two-phase flow instabilities and flow-induced mechanical vibration could be minimized. It is also found that the use of vessel coatings made of microporous metallic layers could greatly facilitate downward-facing boiling on the vessel outer surface. With vessel coatings, the local CHF limits at different angular locations of the vessel outer surface could be enhanced by {approx}1.2 to 2 times the CHF compared with a plain vessel without coatings. The CHF enhancement could be attributed to the structure of the porous coating itself and the capillary action it induced. The matrix of cavities and voids within the coating effectively trap vapor, which serve as active nucleation sites. These sites in turn are fed with liquid flowing through the interconnected channels. The pores on the surface of the porous coating serve as flow inlets for liquid supply to the heating surface, leading to appreciable enhancement in downward-facing boiling heat transfer and the local CHF limits. Results of the present study suggest that by utilizing an enhanced vessel/insulation design with vessel coating, it is possible to significantly enhance the CLSV and the CHF limits as well as minimize the two-phase flow instability problems, thus substantially increasing the margin for IVR.« less
Volume Measurement of Expansive Soils and Its Application during the Design of a Retaining Wall in Texas

AbstractPredicted values for the shrinkage and swelling potentials of expansive soils are principal parameters used in the design of ground-supported structures because unsteady soil movement affec...
Factors Influencing Nurse Burnout and Recommendations

Background: Identifying nurse burnout to be of significance, as it directly impacts work ethic, patient satisfaction, safety and best practice. Nurses are more susceptible to fatigue and burnout, due to the fact of working in highly stressful environments and caring for people in their most vulnerable state. It is imperative to pinpoint and alleviate potential aspects that can lead to nurse burnout. Research Hypothesis: Educating nurses on recognizing factors influencing nurse burnout and offering effective interventions to combat stress, will lead to better coping and adaptation skills; hence, decreasing the level of nurse fatigue and burnout. Assisting nurses to be cognizant of the symptoms of stress and nurse burnout will lead to the development of positive adaptive mechanisms. However, nurses without this recognition, tend to develop maladaptive psychological skills. Research Methodology: The quality improvement project gathered data on factors influencing burnout via Maslach Burnout Inventory Tool (MBI). MBI is the most commonly used instrument in measuring burnout, by capturing three subscales of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Results: From a sample of 31 graduate nursing (employed) students, MBI survey was administered via survey monkey. Gathered data (n=31), via descriptive statistics and standard deviation, represented the extent of deviation for the nursing population as a whole. The quality improvement study revealed the standard deviation (SD) for emotional exhaustion, a low SD of 0.3; indicating that data points appear to be closer to the mean (expected value) of the emotional exhaustion data set. Additionally, depersonalization data showed SD values that were widely spread; however, yielding a low SD of 0.42 from the mean on depersonalization. Lastly, higher scores derived from Maslach’s Burnout Inventory tool suggests increased levels of personal accomplishment. Thus, data set revealed lower levels of depersonalization in regards to sample size. Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson r) identified a positive correlation between independent variable of stress levels and factors influencing nurse burnout, with combined teaching of ways to combat stress in the workplace. Effectiveness of this was reported by ninety-eight percent (98%) of participants. Significance: This study maintains that limited emotional exhaustion, a strong sense of identity and achieving personal accomplishments minimizes burn out.
Changing paradigms for an HIV vaccine.

More than ten years have passed since the discovery of HIV1,2, the virus which initiates the poorly understood cascade of events resulting in immunodeficiency and the clinical progression of AIDS. Enthusiasm for developing and testing prophylactic HIV vaccines has waxed and waned repeatedly in the intervening decade. Expectations of what the vaccine should do, and consequently how it should be designed, have evolved during that period. From the perspective of 1995, it is worthwhile to review that intellectual progression, take stock of current status of HIV vaccine development, and peer into the future of further development and possible actual human efficacy trials of candidate HIV vaccines.
Sampling and Local Deconvolution

In a series of papers starting in the late 1970s, Carlos Berenstein and collaborators explored various aspects of the problem of recovering a function locally from its convolutions with compactly supported distributions. These problems have variously been referred to as multisensor deconvolution problems, analytic and polynomial Bezout problems, and local Pompeiu problems. The focus of Carlos’ work in this area has been to find explicit and computable solutions. The purpose of this paper is to present a point of view on a small subclass of these problems in which some classical techniques from the theory of sampling and interpolation in Paley-Wiener spaces of entire functions can shed some light on their explicit solution.
Dental Composites Reinforced with Ceramic Whiskers and Nanofibers

Dental composites have been widely used in dentistry to restore carious (decayed) teeth, but they have limited service life due to fracture and secondary caries. To reduce secondary caries, the dental composites that contain and release various anticaries agents such fluoride, calcium phosphate (CaP), antimicrobial agents, or monomers have been investigated. In general, dental composites, particularly those releasing anticaries agents, have insufficient strength and fracture toughness. Ceramic SiC and Si3N4 whiskers and ZrO-Y2O3-SiO2 nanofibers with high strength and high toughness have been used to reinforce dental composites, which have shown 30–200 % increase in flexural strength and fracture toughness. In this chapter, we will overview the properties of these ceramic whiskers and nanofibers and their applications and limitations in dental composites.
Efficient Parallel All-Pairs Shortest Paths Algorithm for Complex Graph Analysis

The all-pairs shortest path problem is a classic problem to study characteristics of the given graphs. Though many efficient all-pairs shortest path algorithms have been published, it is still a very expensive computing task, especially with large graph datasets. In this paper, we propose an efficient parallel all-pairs shortest path algorithm based on Peng et al.'s fast sequential algorithm on shared-memory parallel environments to achieve faster and more efficient calculation for large-scale real-world networks. Peng et al.'s algorithm needs to sort vertices with respect to their degrees. However, it turns out the original algorithm uses less efficient sorting method, which is a significant portion of parallel overhead. Therefore, we also propose an efficient parallel method to sort data within a fixed range, in order to minimize the parallel overhead in our parallel algorithm. The optimized efficient sorting method can be used for general sorting purposes. Our experimental analysis shows that our proposed parallel algorithm achieves very high parallel speedup, even hyper-linear speedup, with real-world test datasets on two different shared-memory multi-core systems.
Prognostic implications of TAMs in colorectal cancer hepatic metastases.

3574Background: A limited understanding of the immune microenvironment of mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) impedes efforts to develop effective immunotherapy treatment...
Sexual Orientation Enumeration in State Antibullying Statutes in the United States: Associations with Bullying, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts Among Youth.

Abstract Purpose: The aim was to assess the associations of antibullying U.S. state statutes that enumerate sexual orientation with exposure to bullying and other stressors and with suicidal ideati...
Text mining as a method for examining the alignment between educational outcomes and the workforce needs

Introduction: Job descriptions outline competencies employers consider requisite for success and can be used to inform curriculum design. This paper demonstrates the use of text mining to determine the extent to which key educational outcomes align with job descriptions. Methods: Eighty pharmacist job descriptions containing a total of 12,064 words were text mined using the “bag of words” method. Results: A majority of the 20 most frequent job description words were also present in the pharmacy accreditation standards and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy entrustable professional activity statements. However, several top 20 words were not, including customer, dispense, department and company. Chi-squared tests revealed text differences between community and health-system pharmacy, including patient, manage, information, and customer, which may have implications for pharmacy schools preparing students for various practice settings. Conclusion: The methodology described here provides a feasible and efficient approach to analyzing current workforce expectations and mapping them to educational outcomes.
Automating the Capture of Structured Pathology Data for Prostate Cancer Clinical Care and Research.

PurposeCancer pathology findings are critical for many aspects of care but are often locked away as unstructured free text. Our objective was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) system t...
Reflections on facilitating a trauma-informed clinical supervision group with housing first staff

ABSTRACTHousing First is a recovery-oriented approach that moves individuals from homelessness to permanent supported housing. The premise of housing first is that housing is a basic right and indi...
A Data Augmentation-Assisted Deep Learning Model for High Dimensional and Highly Imbalanced Hyperspectral Imaging Data

Recent advances in remote sensing technologies have led to the fast proliferation of massive and often imbalanced datasets. Direct classification in these datasets becomes difficult, because of the high dimensionality, and the fact that minority classes are overlapped and dwarfed by majority classes. Deep learning is the state-of-the-art in image classification, with applications in face- and text detection, text recognition, as well as voice classification. However, deep learning requires a favorable ratio between dimensionality and sample size. To address high dimensional yet imbalanced datasets, in this paper, we propose the integration of data augmentation, to a deep learning classifier of a high dimensional and highly imbalanced photo-thermal infrared hyperspectral dataset of chemical substances. First, we apply a basic deep machine learning approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) on the original dataset. Second, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality before applying CNN. Third, we prepend an offline data augmentation step to increase dataset size before applying CNN. After that, we evaluate the performance by calculating the probability of detection (POD), and recall based on true positive (TP), false negative (FN), false positive (FP), and true negative (TN).
Dynamic response of VO 2 mesa based GaN microcantilevers for sensing applications

For the first time, dynamic response of GaN microcantilevers with integrated piezoresistive VO2 mesa, as high sensitive deflection transducers have been investigated. The studies are carried out by a direct excitation method using a piezo-chip attached to the bottom of the microcantilever structure, highlighting the utility of these cantilevers as deflection transducers. The VO2 phase was able to detect acoustic waves generated in the Si substrate at resonant frequency with very high sensitivity. A high quality factor of 9400 is recorded at 88 µtorr by these microcantilevers, with an atmospheric quality factor value of 90. The deflection sensitivity is found maximum at the VO2 insulator to metal transition temperature (MIT) temperature.
Energy and spectral efficiency tradeoff in NOMA: Multi-objective evolutionary approaches

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) deployment in future wireless networks has been recently considered a promising radio access technology to enhance spectral efficiency (SE). However, gain in SE comes always with the cost of energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we investigate the SE and EE tradeoff in downlink NOMA with the consideration of quality of service (QoS) requirements based on three population-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs): multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-2 (SPEA2). The tradeoff is optimized and Pareto optimal solutions are obtained through MOEAs. The effectiveness of the algorithms is evaluated based on the hypervolume metric and the capability of solving multi-objective optimization problems. Simulation results reveal that SPEA2 outperforms NSGA-II and MOPSO. Furthermore, NSGA-II is the loser among all algorithms in terms of finding Pareto optimal results.
Nucleated Cell Death by a Single Hole Generated by C5b-9

Cell death is essential for tissue regeneration and removal of pathogenic cells. Immunological cell death is caused by membrane attack complex (MAC) or bacterial perforins. A complete understanding of nucleated cell death or bacterial cell death by MAC is essential for therapeutic interventions. The mechanism of MAC mediated cell death in nucleated cell is controversial. We know show that MAC causes cell death in nucleated cells by creating a large single hole in the membrane. Our results are contrary to the current paradigm that states 9MAC kills nucleated cell by multiple hits9. MAC deposition on the cell membrane also trigger clustering of membrane rafts, which will have relevant consequences for enhanced cell signaling.
The Evolution of Behavior: A Phylogenetic Approach

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on evolutionary behavior of different organisms and a comparative method for construction of phylogenic tree using evolutionary behavior relationship. In a sense, the new comparative methods center on building and interpreting "trees," or phylogenies, which represent the order of shared ancestry among organisms. In other words, phylogenies are like family trees, except that instead of showing the ancestry of individuals in a family, they are "evolutionary genealogies". Parsimony (simple explanations are better than complicated ones) is the most commonly used criterion in building phylogenetic trees. In practice, the parsimony criterion means trying to minimize the number of character state changes needed to explain the distribution of character states on the tree. The term “tree” describes the physical appearance of these proposed phylogenetic relationships, which are depicted as branching patterns of evolutionary events. In tree terminology, a clade comprises all tips on branches that come from the same node. Two other terms that are important in discussing trees are the root (base) of the tree and the internodes (branches between nodes).
The Association of Stress, Metabolic Syndrome and Systemic Inflammation with Neurocognitive Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

OBJECTIVES Identifying sociocultural correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos, and their underlying biological pathways, is crucial for understanding disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We examined cross-sectional associations between stress and neurocognition, and the role that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation might play in these associations. METHOD Participants included 3,045 adults aged 45-75 (56% female, education 0-20+ years, 86% Spanish-speaking, 23% US born), enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Global neurocognition was the primary outcome and operationalized as the average of the z-scores of measures of learning and memory, word fluency, and processing speed. Stress measures included self-report assessments of stress appraisal (perceived and acculturative stress) and exposure to chronic and traumatic stressors. MetS was defined via established criteria including waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high HDL-cholesterol. Systemic inflammation was represented by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS Separate survey multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates, showed that higher perceived (b=-0.004, SE=0.002, p<.05) and acculturative stress (b=-0.004, SE=0.001, p<.0001) were significantly associated with worse global neurocognition, while lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors was associated with better global neurocognition (b=0.034, SE=0.009, p<.001). Neither MetS or hs-CRP were notable pathways in the association between stress and neurocognition; rather, they were both independently associated with worse neurocognition in models including stress measures (ps< .05). DISCUSSION These cross-sectional analyses suggest that stress appraisal, MetS and systemic inflammation may be targets to reduce neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos.
MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments

With schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
Dinucleotide fold proteins: Interaction of arabinose binding protein with Cibacron Blue 3G-A

Abstract Cibacron Blue 3G-A, the dye moiety of Blue dextran-Sepharose, has been shown to not specifically bind a protein with a dinucleotide fold-like supersecondary structure, L -arabinose binding protein from Escherichia coli. This shows that Cibacron Blue 3G-A is not suitable as a definitive probe for the dinucleotide fold as suggested earlier ( Thompson et al., 1975 ; Stellwagen, 1977 ). An explanation for the large predominance of proteins containing this protein supersecondary structure that bind to this dye is presented.
Segregation : The Rising Costs for America

1. The New Imperative for Equality 2. Origins of Economic Disparities: Historical Role of Housing Segregation 3. From Credit Denial to Predatory Lending: The Challenge of Sustaining Minority Homeownership 4. Housing and Education: The Inextricable Link 5. Residential Segregation and Employment Inequality 6. Impacts of Housing and Neighborhoods on Health: Pathways, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and Policy Directions 7. Neighborhood Segregation, Personal Networks, and Access to Social Resources 8. Continuing Isolation: Segregation in America Today 9. Trends in the U.S. Economy: The Evolving Role of Minorities 10. The Prospects and Pitfalls of Fair Housing Enforcement Efforts 11. Attaining a Just (and Economically Secure) Society
DESCRIPTION OF NUCLEAR COLLECTIVE MOTIONS IN TERMS OF THE BOSON EXPANSION TECHNIQUE. I. FORMULATION.

Abstract The boson expansion technique for the description of nuclear collective motion, previously worked out by Sorensen to fourth order, is first refined and then extended to sixth order. The equations for the coefficients in the expansion of the fermion-pair operators in terms of boson operators are solved exactly to sixth order. The collective Hamiltonian is then given also to sixth order, and rewritten in a form for which the evaluation of its matrix elements in the multiboson space can be carried out extremely easily. The scope of numerical calculations to be performed based on the results of the present article is also discussed.
Corporate performance and managerial remuneration: An empirical analysis

Abstract Economic theories of efficient compensation predict a positive relationship between executive pay and corporate performance, and yet efforts to document this relationship have been largely unsuccessful. In this paper, we argue that previous cross-sectional studies have omitted important variables which seriously bias their results. Using data that focus on individual executives over time, we find that executive compensation is strongly positively related to corporate performance as measured by shareholder return and growth in firm sales. The results are robust to the stock market performance measure utilized.
Bioenergetic characterization of macrophage inflammatory responses attenuated by anthocyanins (383.2)

Anthocyanins present strong anti-inflammatory properties, thus leading to the potential use as functional food ingredients for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and increased intestinal permeability to endotoxins, notably LPS. However, the differences between individual anthocyanins and their effects on cellular signaling and metabolism need to be further elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the protection afforded by anthocyanins against LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and determined changes in oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) during the macrophage activation. Basal OCR and ECAR increased as the macrophages underwent LPS stimulation from 283.3±38.4 to 361.7±47.9 pmol/min, and from 9.7±2.4 to 27.6±3.8 mpH/min, respectively, suggesting that energy required for activation is rapidly provided by changes in glycolytic pathways. When tested in physiological concentrations (0.1-3 uM), malvidin and, to a certain ...
Liver X receptors balance lipid stores in hepatic stellate cells through Rab18, a retinoid responsive lipid droplet protein

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are determinants of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. Freshly isolated HSCs from Lxrαβ−/− mice have increased lipid droplet (LD) size, but the functional consequences of this are unknown. Our aim was to determine whether LXRs link cholesterol to retinoid storage in HSCs and how this impacts activation. Primary HSCs from Lxrαβ−/− and wild-type mice were profiled by gene array during in vitro activation. Lipid content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Primary HSCs were treated with nuclear receptor ligands, transfected with small interfering RNA and plasmid constructs, and analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Lxrαβ−/− HSCs have increased cholesterol and retinyl esters. The retinoid increase drives intrinsic retinoic acid receptor signaling, and activation occurs more rapidly in Lxrαβ−/− HSCs. We identify Rab18 as a novel retinoic acid-responsive, LD-associated protein that helps mediate stellate cell activation. Rab18 mRNA, protein, and membrane insertion increase during activation. Both Rab18 guanosine triphosphatase activity and isoprenylation are required for stellate cell LD loss and induction of activation markers. These phenomena are accelerated in Lxrαβ−/− HSCs, where there is greater retinoic acid flux. Conversely, Rab18 knockdown retards LD loss in culture and blocks activation, just like the functional mutants. Rab18 is also induced with acute liver injury in vivo. Conclusion: Retinoid and cholesterol metabolism are linked in stellate cells by the LD-associated protein Rab18. Retinoid overload helps explain the profibrotic phenotype of Lxrαβ−/− mice, and we establish a pivotal role for Rab18 GTPase activity and membrane insertion in wild-type stellate cell activation. Interference with Rab18 may have significant therapeutic benefit in ameliorating liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2015;62:615–626
A concept analysis of 'Meaning in work' and its implications for nursing.

Aim To report an analysis of the concept of ‘meaning in work’. Background Associated with initiatives to improve the quality of working life and the emerging movement of positive organizations, ‘meaning in work’ has been studied as a positive individual-level state. ‘Meaning in work’ has potential benefits that will improve the nursing workforce if this concept is embraced in nursing. However, the concept is not clearly defined because it has been approached from diverse theoretical perspectives and used interchangeably with analogous terms. Design A concept analysis. Data sources Three key terms (using ‘work’, ‘meaning’ or ‘meaningful’, ‘meaning of work’, ‘logotherapy’) were searched in the CINAHL, PsycINFO, Business Source Complete and ABI/INFORM Global online databases from January 1940–March 2015. Among 346 articles retrieved, 28 studies were included for this concept analysis. Methods The procedure of concept analysis developed by Walker and Avant (2011) was used. Results Four critical attributes are identified: (1) experienced positive emotion at work; (2) meaning from work itself; (3) meaningful purpose and goals of work; and (4) work as a part of life that contributes towards meaningful existence. The identified antecedent of ‘meaning in work’ was a cognitive shift and the identified consequences were positive personal experience and positive impact on peers and organizations. Conclusion This article provides a clear definition of ‘meaning in work’. The resulting coherent definition will facilitate the use of ‘meaning in work’ in nursing research.
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia in dogs: 12 cases (2001-2008).

Objective – To identify and characterize the syndrome of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) with concurrent severe thrombocytopenia (≤15.0 × 109 platelets/L; [15.0 × 103 platelets/μL]), and to evaluate prognostic factors, clinicopathologic findings, complications, treatment, outcome, and survival of dogs with this hematologic disorder. Design – Retrospective, observational study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Twelve client-owned dogs with IMHA and severe thrombocytopenia (≤15.0 × 109 platelets/L; [15.0 × 103 platelets/μL]), without evidence of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Interventions – The following data were recorded and analyzed from the electronic medical record: signalment, history, concurrent diseases, clinical signs at presentation, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic testing, radiographic findings, treatment modalities, length of hospitalization, complications, and clinical outcome. All dogs were treated with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. Measurements and Main Results – Twelve dogs were identified with the diagnosis of IMHA and severe thrombocytopenia; of these, 9 (75%) survived, 3 (25%) were euthanized, and none died. Dogs that survived were significantly younger than nonsurvivors (P=0.03). There were no specific clinical signs or therapies associated with survival. Conclusions – Dogs in this study had a mortality rate similar to reported rates for dogs with either disease alone. Overall, younger dogs were more likely to survive. No association between different treatment modalities and overall survival was identified.
Chromium steel from chromite ore processing residue — A valuable construction material from a waste

As species we humans generate excessive amounts of waste and hence for sustainability we should explore innovative ways to recover them. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron from chromite ore processing residues (COPR) for the production of chrome steel and stainless steel. In Hudson County, New Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover COPR. Part of COPR was used as fill materials for construction sites, which spread the problem to a larger area. With high solubility along with their toxicity leached chromate from COPR is threatening the environment as well as human health. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron with chromium by applying techniques used in steel manufacturing. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and bench scale tests to thermally treat the processed chromium contaminated soils with carbon and sand at varying temperatures and under reducing environment. The optimum chemical composition of COPR and additives to be used in the melts were evaluated based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility of recovering a valuable construction material (chrome steel) from a waste (COPR).
Total Synthesis of (+)-7-Bromotrypargine and Unnatural Analogues: Biological Evaluation Uncovers Activity at CNS Targets of Therapeutic Relevance

The first total synthesis of (+)-7-bromotrypargine, a β-carboline alkaloid from Ancornia sp. is reported. The synthesis proceeds in nine steps, eight steps longest linear sequence, in 36.9% overall yield. Biological characterization found that (+)-7-bromotrypargine is a H3 antagonist, and a selective inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), without inhibiting the serotonin transporter (SERT). Moreover, unlike electron rich congeners, (+)-7-bromotrypargine is not cytotoxic and thus represents an attractive starting point for chemical optimization; therefore, we piloted a number of chemistries for the synthesis of unnatural analogues.
Crop condition and yield simulations using Landsat and MODIS

Abstract Monitoring crop condition and yields at regional scales using imagery from operational satellites remains a challenge because of the problem in scaling local yield simulations to the regional scales. NOAA AVHRR satellite imagery has been traditionally used to monitor vegetation changes that are used indirectly to assess crop condition and yields. Additionally, the 1-km spatial resolution of NOAA AVHRR is not adequate for monitoring crops at the field level. Imagery from the new MODIS sensor onboard the NASA Terra satellite offers an excellent opportunity for daily coverage at 250-m resolution, which is adequate to monitor field sizes are larger than 25 ha. A field study was conducted in the predominantly corn and soybean area of Iowa to evaluate the applicability of the 8-day MODIS composite imagery in operational assessment of crop condition and yields. Ground-based canopy reflectance and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were used to calibrate the models. The MODIS data was used in a radiative transfer model to estimate LAI through the season. LAI was integrated into a climate-based crop simulation model to scale from local simulation of crop development and responses to a regional scale. Simulations of corn and soybean yields at a 1.6×1.6-km2 grid scale were comparable to county yields reported by the USDA–National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Weekly changes in soil moisture for the top 1-m profile were also simulated as part of the crop model as one of the critical parameters influencing crop condition and yields.
Unequal granular temperature model for motion of platelets to the wall and red blood cells to the center

The experimentally measured motion of platelets to the wall and red blood cells to the center is explained by unequal granular temperature kinetic theory. The migration of platelets to walls of the blood vessels in the presence of red blood cells is caused by the high granular pressure produced by the random oscillations of the red blood cells and the dissipation of platelet random energy at the walls. At the wall the shear has the highest value. This produces a high granular pressure and temperature which drive the red blood cells towards the center. An analytical solution for the platelet concentration was derived.
Cesium-catalyzed oxidation of zinc surfaces

On zinc films, the adsorption probability of O2 is extremely low (10−3–10−2), and O2 exposures in the range of 103–104 langmuir are necessary to produce a significant transformation of metallic zinc into zinc oxide. The presence of submonolayer coverages of cesium enhances the oxidation rate of zinc by 2–3 orders of magnitude. The cesium adatoms interact with O2 molecules, producing a reservoir of reactive oxygen species that oxidize zinc.
External disturbances, domestic policy responses and debt accumulation in Nigeria

Abstract This paper provides a case study of the link between external shocks, domestic policy responses and external debt accumulation in Nigeria. The Indonesian experience during 1970–1989 is provided as a contrast for policy comparison. A significant part of the increase in external debt in the two countries corresponds to financing of capital flight. After 1981, current account deficits assumed greater importance in the accumulation of external debt. The growth in external debt was caused in part by adverse external conditions. The results of this study show that the Nigerian debt crisis was exacerbated by inappropriate policy responses. Indonesia avoided a crisis by applying prudent real exchange rate management and fiscal restraint.