cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-Stop Career Centers Will They Be Used by People with Disabilities?

One-Stop Career Centers emerged in the early 1990s as an initiative of the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor. They were intended to be a single location where an applicant would find all the information needed to choose an occupation, find access to training, be placed in a job, and have entry to public services needed to continue employment. As required by the passage of the Workforce Improvement Act of 1998, One-Stop Career Centers will be available in each state by July 1, 2000. What remains to be answered is whether people with disabilities will be able to effectively use One-Stop Career Centers to receive the support and training that is needed to become employed or reemployed. This article provides a discussion of the strengths of and issues faced by One-Stop Career Centers that may influence their becoming a viable resource for people with disabilities.
Effect of Gamma Irradiating Rye or Supplementing a Rye-Containing Layer Diet with Penicillin or Pectic Enzymes on Egg Production

Abstract The effects of gamma irradiating rye or supplementing a rye-containing layer diet with penicillin or the pectic enzyme (Irgazyme 100) were studied. Two experiments, one with 31-week-old and the other with 29-week-old White Leghorn hens were conducted. Each experimental diet was fed to four groups of hens in Experiment 1 and to five groups of hens in Experiment 2. Each group consisted of 15 individually caged hens. Substituting rye for corn in the control diet significantly depressed egg production. Addition of penicillin did not prevent the drop. Gamma irradiation of the rye at 6.2 Mrad significantly increased egg production to a level where it was not different from that of hens fed the corn control diet. Irradiation of rye did not affect egg weight significantly. Addition of the pectic enzyme significantly increased egg production of hens fed the rye diet for the first 3 weeks but by the end of week 8, the improvement by the pectic enzyme was not significant. Feed consumption was not affected by gamma irradiation or penicillin supplementation of rye.
Central CRH Suppresses Specific Antibody Responses: Effects of β-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and Adrenalectomy

Central corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the pituitary–adrenal axis is hypothesized to mediate suppression of in vivo specific antibody responses. To test whether β-adrenergic receptor activation is involved in the immunosuppressive effects of central CRH, rats were pretreated with propranolol or saline before intracerebroventricular infusion of CRH and immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). KLH (3 μg/kg) immunization induced significant increases in circulating levels of antigen-specific IgM and IgG. Central infusion of CRH (200 pmol) suppressed both IgM and IgG responses. Pretreatment with propranolol (20 mg/kg IP) reversed CRH-induced suppression of IgG responses but had no effect on IgM levels. To test whether adrenal activation also plays a role in the effects of KLH on specific antibody responses, a separate group of animals underwent adrenalectomy prior to CRH infusion and immunization with KLH. As compared to nonadrenalectomized control rats, adrenalectomized rats showed a reduction of antibody responses, and CRH failed to induce a further suppression of IgM or IgG responses in adrenalectomized animals. Collectively, these data suggest that β-adrenoceptors mediate the suppression of primary antibody responses induced by central CRH. Moreover, the adrenals may promote optimal primary antibody responses after exposure to physiological levels of antigen.
Two-leg t-J ladder: A spin liquid generated by Gutzwiller projection of magnetic bands

The ground state of the two-leg Heisenberg ladder is identified as a resonating-valence-band-RVB type spin liquid, which is generated by Gutzwiller projection of tight-binding bands with flux $\ensuremath{\pi}$ per plaquet. Explicit trial wave functions for the magnon and hole excitations are formulated in terms of spinons and holons. The spinon-holon bound state is shown to violate P and T. This is interpreted as a manifestation of fractional statistics.
A strategy for adenovirus vector targeting with a secreted single chain antibody.

Background Successful gene therapy will require targeted delivery vectors capable of self-directed localization. In this regard, the use of antibodies or single chain antibody fragments (scFv) in conjunction with adenovirus (Ad) vectors remains an attractive means to achieve cell-specific targeting. However, a longstanding barrier to the development of Ad vectors with genetically incorporated scFvs has been the biosynthetic incompatibility between Ad capsid proteins and antibody-derived species. Specifically, scFv require posttranslational modifications not available to Ad capsid proteins due to their cytoplasmic routing during protein synthesis and virion assembly. Methodology/Principal Findings We have therefore sought to develop scFv-targeted Ad vectors using a secreted scFv that undergoes the requisite posttranslational modifications and is trafficked for secretion. Formation of the scFv-targeted Ad vector is achieved via highly specific association of the Ad virion and a targeting scFv employing synthetic leucine zipper-like dimerization domains (zippers) that have been optimized for structural compatibility with the Ad capsid and for association with the secreted scFv. Our results show that zipper-containing Ad fiber molecules trimerize and incorporate into mature virions and that zippers can be genetically fused to scFv without ablating target recognition. Most importantly, we show that zipper-tagged virions and scFv provide target-specific gene transfer. Conclusions/Significance This work describes a new approach to produce targeted Ad vectors using a secreted scFv molecule, thereby avoiding the problem of structural and biosynthetic incompatibility between Ad and a complex targeting ligand. This approach may facilitate Ad targeting using a wide variety of targeting ligands directed towards a variety of cellular receptors.
Towards measuring particle-associated fecal indicator bacteria in tropical streams.

Abstract A protocol to enumerate particle-associated microbial indicator bacteria (heterotrophic plate count [HPC], enterococci [ENT] and Clostridium perfringens [CP]) by membrane filtration in a tropical stream is proposed that relies on high-speed homogenization and chemical treatment. Application of this protocol to stream samples suggest that ENT measurements are more biased by the presence of aggregates than HPC or CP. Whole sample treatment typically increased the colony forming units (CFU) count by 9–52%. Analysis of different settled fractions and examination of the number of indicators recoverable from particles retained on a 5 μm filter in relation to the number of particles containing target indicators both indicate that relatively more ENT form aggregates than HPC or CP. Although the bias is smallest for CP, this does not imply that CP is a better indicator as this depends on the unknown extent to which pathogens are themselves found associated with particles.
Crystal Structure Determination of a (μ-Amido)(μ-hydroxo)(μ-superoxo)dicobalt(III) Complex from the Werner Collection

By use of crystals from the Werner collection at the University of Zurich, the X-ray structure of a (μ-amido)(μ-hydroxo)(μ-superoxo)dicobalt(III) salt, probably synthesized around 1909, was determined. This complex is apparently the first dimetallic species with three bridging ligands of such a composition. The O−O bond distance of 1.340(4) A is consistent with a coordinated superoxo anion, and the two cobalt atoms are 2.776(1) A apart.
Improved SPECT Reconstruction Using Inverse Monte Carlo

Improved SPECT reconstructions have been obtained by the use of an Inverse Monte Carlo (IMOC) reconstruction algorithm. Monte Carlo solution to the photon transport equation for SPECT generates an accurate system response model for use in an iterative Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm. Reconstruction from simulated projections demonstrate that the MLE algorithm continues to converge at 1000 iterations for noise free data. Reconstruction from experimentally acquired projections reveals superior RMS noise and resolution recovery when compared with filtered backprojection for simple phantoms. Compensation for scatter and attenuation is provided by including these effects in the Monte Carlo simulation.
Fiber Optic Video Uplink For Shallow Water Application

A cost effective fiber optic uplink for video information has been designed and successfully tested in a shallow water (i.e. < 20 meters) environment. The camera and transmitter are operated within a diver held underwater light housing. A novel fiber optic housing penetrator has been designed and tested down to a depth of 1200 meters. The receiver on the surface can drive a monitor or video tape recorder. As tested the system provides ample margin for much longer link distances. Quantitative information (e.g. heading or depth) can be superimposed on the video data for display. A preliminary design expanding the link to include a bidirectional capability allowing a lower frequency (control data) downlink is also discussed.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scaling of the spacing of deformation induced dislocation boundaries

Abstract Methods for determining the distribution of spacings between near-planar dislocation boundaries are discussed. Subsequently, distributions of spacings for these boundaries have been determined for both single crystal and polycrystal samples. Misorientations across the extended planar dislocation boundaries were also measured for the single crystal samples. The probability density distribution for spacings exhibits a scaling behavior of nearly identical form to that seen for the probability density distribution of misorientation angles across these boundaries. The scaling behavior of the spacing distributions persists over a very wide strain range ( e vM =0.2– e vM =4.5) for different materials and deformation conditions. The scaling behavior of the boundary spacings can be accounted for by simple geometric models allowing for either formation or coalescence of these walls.
Pancreaticopleural fistula in chronic pancreatitis: resolution with endoscopic therapy.

Pleural effusion most commonly has a cardiac or pulmonary etiology. Gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal causes include hepatic failure associated with ascites, malignancy, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, esophageal rupture, and pancreatitis. Sympathetic pleural effusion can complicate acute pancreatitis,1,2 and large pleural effusions may arise in the setting of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic ductal disruption can lead to fistulous tracts that extend along the esophageal and aortic hiati into the mediastinum.3 Additionally, direct penetration of fistulous tracts or intra-abdominal pseudocysts through the dome of the diaphragm into the pleural cavity are described.4-6 This is a case of pancreaticopleural fistula that presented with a massive pleural effusion as a manifestation of pancreatitis and a report of the successful treatment with nasopancreatic drainage.
Surface Tension and Viscosity of Succinonitrile– Acetone Alloys Using Surface Light Scattering Spectrometer

Using a surface light scattering spectroscopic technique, the surface tension and viscosity of pure succinonitrile (SCN) and SCN–acetone alloys at 0.86, 1.69, and 2.25 mol% have been determined. The surface light scattering technique, and the procedures used for making the alloys and measuring their concentrations, are presented. Analysis indicates our interfacial surface tension and viscosity measurements have an uncertainty of ±2% and ±10%, respectively. The surface tension and viscosity were measured at various temperatures yielding relations among surface tension, viscosity, temperature, and concentration in SCN–acetone alloys.
A passive isolating transformer of repeated positive or negative voltage pulses

Using diodes, transistors, and magnetic cores, a passive circuit has been constructed which will transform the voltage, either up or down, of indefinitely repeated positive or negative pulses. It provides direct current isolation between multiple loads, and between a load and the source.
Behavioral Effects of Drug Therapy on Psychogeriatric Inpatients. II. Multivitamin Supplement

: Psychogeriatric inpatients were treated with a B-complex and C vitamin preparation (Albee with C) for six weeks in a double-blind study. (Total N = 132.) They were rated on the MIBS, a new inpatient behavior form that involves 11 factored scales. One clinically and statistically significant finding emerged: there was a striking decrease in pathologic manifestations on the MIBS Excitement scale for a non-schizophrenic subgroup of the vitamin-treated sample compared to the placebo sample. Implications of this finding are discussed in terms of a detailed examination of the Excitement scale and in terms of a literature review of the effects of vitamin therapy on the behavior of psychogeriatric patients.
Small-Sample Evaluation of Mean-Variance Production Function Estimators

Production functions have been shown useful for characterizing input effects on both the mean and variability of yield. Monte carlo experiments are used here to investigate small-sample properties of selected mean-variance production function estimators. Estimation efficiency in the mean is found to improve with iteration on the mean and variance components. Although efficiency in the variance is greatest at the first stage, bias in the variance diminishes through at least the second stage. These effects are influenced by the degree and sign of heteroscedasticity and by sample size.
State visions, landscape, and disease: Discovering malaria in Argentina, 1890–1920

Abstract Recently, geographers and other scholars have reappraised the state’s spatial properties, roles, and strategies. According to these interpretations, modern states seek to control their subjects and coordinate economic development through various “rational” and “scientific” strategies that involve the standardization, transformation, and bureaucratization of space, territory, and landscape. Through this process social relations are increasingly configured through state discourses and institutions. The role of public health institutions in the development of state spatialities has been relatively underappreciated. This paper explores the establishment and early action of a malaria control campaign in Northwest Argentina, in the early twentieth century. I make three arguments: first, in creating a malaria control program, the Argentine state did not merely respond to a given “social fact” but rather was the key participant in constructing the “malaria problem”. Second, in response to this problem the Argentine state created a new technical-administrative territory, “the malarious zone”, which encompassed several provinces and defined the federal government’s jurisdiction for public health action. Finally, state actors came to understand the malaria problem, and potential solutions to it, through specific “rational” practices of the modern state: surveying, mapping, measurement, and statistical compilation. In its early years, the malaria campaign did not so much control the disease itself, as much as establish control over the “malaria question”, making it indisputably a state project.
Infrared imaging using a tip-tilt secondary mirror

We have recently developed the first adaptive system to utilize a tip-tilt Cassegrain secondary mirror. The system (called FASTTRAC) is also unique since it uses an infrared array to track the brightest speckle of the guide star. FASTTRAC can correct wavefront slope fluctuations at up to 100 Hz closed loop and stabilize image motion to less than 0.1' rms in the focal plane. The system requires an infrared guide star of 8th mag at K (2.2 micrometers ). The resulting 54 X 54' images show improvements of up to approximately 300% in resolution (FWHM) when tracking the brightest speckle of the infrared guide star.
Basic Concepts For The Design Of High-Efficiency Single-Junction And Multibandgap Solar Cells

Concepts for obtaining practical solar-cell modules with one-sun efficiencies up to 30 percent at air mass 1 are now well understood. Such high-efficiency modules utilize multibandgap structures. To achieve module efficiencies significantly above 30 percent, it is necessary to employ different concepts such as spectral compression and broad-band detection. A detailed description of concepts for the design of high-efficiency multibandgap solar cells is given.
ATP-Dependent chloride influx into internally dialyzed squid giant axons.

Measurements were made of36Cl influx into squid giant axons whose internal solutes were controlled by means of internal dialysis. When the intracellular chloride concentration was 50mm and the internal concentration of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) was 4mm, the average chloride influx was 11.6 pmoles/cm2×sec. When the axons were dialyzed with an ATP-free solution, the average influx fell to 5.1 pmoles/cm2×sec. The effect was fully reversible upon the return of ATP to the dialysis fluid. Chloride-36 influx in the presence and absence of ATP was found to be inversely related to the internal chloride concentration.
Applying the author affiliation index to library and information science journals

The authors use a novel method—the Author Affiliation Index (AAI)—to determine whether faculty at the top-10 North American library and information science (LIS) programs have a disproportionate presence in the premier journals of the field. The study finds that LIS may be both too small and too interdisciplinary a domain for the AAI to provide reliable results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromium chromate as an inert marker in copper oxidation

Chromium chromate films applied to commercial copper foil as corrosion inhibitors are observed to move into the copper during heat treatment in air such as occurs during lamination of printed circuit boards. Chromium depth distributions measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry for foils heated at various times and temperatures show that this change in position of the chromium is not a result of diffusion of the chromium compound. Rather, the major phenomenon is outdiffusion of copper driven by its oxidation at the surface. The temperatures examined spanned one region in which copper oxidation was the rate limiting factor in the overlayer growth and a second region in which growth of the copper oxide overlayer was diffusion limited. Implications in circuit board manufacturing are discussed.
The bioturbation of Olympic marmots (Marmota olympus) and their impacts on soil properties

Although much research has examined the characteristics of Olympic marmot behavior and habitat, most studies mention the direct bioturbation effects of these marmots incidentally in an effort to examine other phenomena. A better understanding of marmot impacts on soil properties can provide a baseline for examining additional phenomena that are influenced by marmot activity. Soil surface and subsurface temperature, compaction, and moisture were measured in situ on abandoned marmot burrows in northeastern Olympic National Park, Washington. Soil samples were collected to analyze texture, pH, salinity, P, K, and organic matter content. Results indicated that soil compaction and organic matter were significantly reduced on abandoned marmot burrows when compared to undisturbed sites. Surface temperatures were typically warmer on marmot-disturbed soils, and subsurface temperatures were cooler. Soil moisture, texture, pH, salinity, and macronutrients were surprisingly similar on both disturbed and undisturbed so...
Revision of Richardia (Rubiaceae)

A systematic treatment is given for the known species ofRichardia L. with keys, synonymies, descriptions, photographs, typifications, and range maps and/or citations of specimens. The 15 species ofRichardia are grouped into two sections: sect.Richardia with four species from the southern United States to Peru, Argentina, and Brazil; and sect.Asterophyton (K. Schum.) Lewis & Oliver with 11 species having disjunct distributions in three areas: Texas-Mexico, Cuba, and central South America. New combinations areR. tricocca subsp.tetracocca (Mart. & Gal.) Lewis & Oliver,R. muricata subsp.pectidifolia (Urban) Lewis & Oliver,R. arenicola (Britton & Wilson) Lewis & Oliver, andR. ciliata (Britton & Wilson) Lewis & Oliver. Two new species are described:R. boliviensis Lewis & Oliver andR. schumannii Lewis & Oliver.
Size and architectural traits as ontogenetic determinants of fitness in a phenotypically plastic annual weed (Amaranthus albus)

Plasticity of size and architectural traits, and their importance to reproductive fitness, were estimated in relation to nutrient availability in the annual Amaranthus albus. Seeds from seven field-collected genotypes were used to rear a first generation under uniform conditions. Seed families (inbred lines) from four first-generation plants per genotype were used to rear a second generation in a glasshouse for 10 weeks. Nine plants per family were regularly fertilized, while nine others were unfertilized. Size was estimated at 5, 8, and 10 weeks; architectural traits were recorded at 8 weeks (no. branches) and 10 weeks (no. branches and branch length). Fitness was assessed by the number of seeds per plant. Because traits were intercorrelated, size-scaled architectural traits were generated and allometric analyses performed. Genetic variation was analyzed for the second generation among inbred lines of the original genotypes, and among families within each genotype. For fertilized and unfertilized groups, early size (volume occupied at 5 weeks) and branch length per mass were significant determinants of fitness. The number of branches per size explained a smaller proportion of the variance in fitness. Genotype by treatment interaction was apparent for some traits, indicating genetic variation for plasticity, but plasticity of size did not change over ontogeny. Significant effects of genotype on size and architectural traits, and fitness, were detected mostly in the unfertilized group. Thus, selection is most likely to differentiate among genotypes in nutrient-poor environments. Lengthening of multiple branches increases seed output throughout the season, and genotypes with longer branches per unit mass have a selective advantage. Because early size is correlated with seed output, ontogenetic plasticity in response to improved soil resources allows opportunistic increases in fitness.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Role of GlnD/GlnBK in Nitrogen Stress Adaptation by Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021

Transcriptional changes in the nitrogen stress response (NSR) of wild type S. meliloti Rm1021, and isogenic strains missing both PII proteins, GlnB and GlnK, or carrying a ΔglnD-sm2 mutation were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays. This approach allowed us to identify a number of new genes involved in the NSR and showed that the response of these bacteria to nitrogen stress overlaps with other stress responses, including induction of the fixK2 transcriptional activator and genes that are part of the phosphate stress response. Our data also show that GlnD and GlnBK proteins may regulate many genes that are not part of the NSR. Analysis of transcriptome profiles of the Rm1021 ΔglnD-sm2 strain allowed us to identify several genes that appear to be regulated by GlnD without the participation of the PII proteins.
Simulated behavior of krypton/argon mixtures confined between two graphite slabs: new terrain for familiar systems

Abstract We present the results of ( N , ρ , T ) molecular-dynamics simulations of krypton/argon mixtures confined between two graphite slabs with varying spacing. Structural, thermodynamic and bond-orientational quantities indicate a group of new phases and phase transitions for these already well-explored systems, and they also further delineate the close cooperation of vertical atomic motion and melting in adsorbed systems. For pure argon and systems with a high argon fraction we observe commensurate and rotated phases. Commensurate argon is stabilized over a wide temperature range for certain slab spacings, and high-temperature solid phases exist for all mixture fractions studied. For all systems explored two phenomena are observed: (1) the melting temperature T m of the system may be controlled to a fairly precise degree within a certain range by only the slab spacing, and (2) competing effects of confinement and heightened room for in-plane atomic fluctuations due to enhanced vertical fluctuations causes T m to reach a minimum value as the slab spacing is varied. The effects of varying the mixture fraction are also explored and, although emphasis is placed on melting, evidence of confinement-induced and composition-induced phase transitions is given and briefly discussed.
The cockroach genus Allacta Saussure & Zehntner (Blattaria, Blattellidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae)

There are about 30 species in the cockroach genus Allacta Saussure & Zehntner. Several species are redescribed, or the previously unknown sex is described, and the literature for all the known taxa is given, including original author's descriptions if specimens were not available. Two new species, namely, fascia and loconti are described. Allacta basivittata (Bruijning), previously a junior synonym of Allacta bipunctata (Walker), is considered to be distinct. Allacta montaguei Chopard is transferred to Balta Tepper. Allacta raapi Hanitsch is transferred to Sundablatta Hebard. Allacta variegata (Brunner) is placed in Margattea Shelford. Allacta crassivenosa (Bolivar) is retained incertae sedis. The species are placed in 3 groups and a key is presented to distinguish the adults.
Imaging autotracker technology for guided missile systems

Imaging autotracker technology is an area vital to numerous current and future Army programs. As advancements in infrared detector technology provide sensors with higher resolution and increased sensitivity, parallel advancements in target tracker technology will be required in order to achieve full benefit from these new generation devices. Key technical areas being researched include algorithms for terminal aim point selection, automatic reacquisition of low signature targets in high clutter, and continuous tracking of intermittently or partially obscured targets in dirty battlefield conditions. Research on improved tracking processors and devices for real-time algorithm implementation is being done in conjunction with the algorithm studies. This paper presents an overview of this work with particular emphasis on terminal homing autotracker technology.
Combination cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine rapidly alternating with combination cisplatin and VP-16 in treatment of small cell lung cancer

Forty-four patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with an intensive chemotherapy induction program consisting of combination cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and vincristine rapidly alternating with combination cisplatin and VP-16 followed by prophylactic cranial radiotherapy. After chemotherapy induction and cranial radiotherapy, patients with limited disease received multiple-field radiotherapy consolidation to the primary tumor site and mediastinum using thoracic computed tomographic scanning for field planning, and patients with extensive disease received chemotherapy maintenance. Patients with limited disease in complete remission following radiotherapy consolidation received no further treatment unless disease recurred. It was found that cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and vincristine could be alternated with cisplatin plus VP-16 at two-week intervals in 80 percent of patients on an outpatient basis and that two thirds of patients achieved clinical complete remission after two courses of each regimen. Locoregional radiotherapy delivered via multiple fields was effective in increasing the complete remission rate in patients with limited disease and was well tolerated. The median survival time was 18.5 months in 24 patients with limited disease and 12.2 months in 20 patients with extensive disease. Four patients with limited disease who received chemotherapy induction and radiotherapy consolidation without maintenance chemotherapy and one patient with extensive disease remain alive and disease-free at more than five years.
Hearing loss and personal music players

Reducing exposure is prudent Hearing loss affects 16% of US adults aged 20-69 and its prevalence increases with age.1 Although often subtle, the deficit impairs perception of speech and warning signals and may increase the risk of depression, accidents, and social isolation.2 The leading preventable cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss is exposure to excessive levels of noise, which leads to irreversible loss of cochlear hair cells. Traditionally, noise induced hearing loss was a disease of adults who worked in noisy occupations or used firearms. However, concern is growing that children and young adults are developing noise induced hearing loss as a result of “environmental” overexposure to amplified music,3 especially through the use of personal music devices such as MP3 players. As with mobile phones, the use of personal music players has grown faster than our ability to assess their potential health consequences. The reported use of these devices is high in young people—more than 90% in …
Routine operative cholangiography.

Abstract The study suggests that an operative cholangiogram should be obtained in conjunction with every cholecystectomy. Unexpected common duct disease is frequently diagnosed, the incidence of choledochostomy is reduced by one third, and the incidence of retained common duct stones is negligible. The accuracy of operative cholangiography combined with good clinical assessment is far more reliable than clinical assessment alone.
Deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in hypertensive rats and reduction of deficiency by treatment with coenzyme Q10.

Summary Rats which were unilaterally nephrectomized and treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and saline developed hypertension, and had an increased heart weight. Treatment of these rats with coenzyme Q10 effected a lower level of hypertension and normalized the heart weight. The specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-CoQ10 reductase of leucocytes from these hypertensive rats showed an increase (P
X-inactivation normalizes O-GlcNAc transferase levels and generates an O-GlcNAc-depleted Barr body

O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) catalyzes protein O-GlcNAcylation, an abundant and dynamic nuclear and cytosolic modification linked to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The steady-state levels of O-GlcNAc are influenced by extracellular glucose concentrations suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation may serve as a metabolic sensor. Intriguingly, human OGT is located on the X-chromosome (Xq13) close to the X-inactivation center (XIC), suggesting that OGT levels may be controlled by dosage compensation. In human female cells, dosage compensation is accomplished by X-inactivation. Long noncoding RNAs and polycomb repression act together to produce an inactive X chromosome, or Barr body. Given that OGT has an established role in polycomb repression, it is uniquely poised to auto-regulate its own expression through X-inactivation. In this study, we examined OGT expression in male, female and triple-X female human fibroblasts, which differ in the number of inactive X chromosomes (Xi). We demonstrate that OGT is subjected to random X-inactivation in normal female and triple X cells to regulate OGT RNA levels. In addition, we used chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) and immunolocalization to examine O-GlcNAc levels in the Xi/Barr body. Despite the established role of O-GlcNAc in polycomb repression, OGT and target proteins bearing O-GlcNAc are largely depleted from the highly condensed Barr body. Thus, while O-GlcNAc is abundantly present elsewhere in the nucleus, its absence from the Barr body suggests that the transcriptional quiescence of the Xi does not require OGT or O-GlcNAc.
CORONARY DISEASE FACTORS.

In a previous article, the authors described the construction of a quantitative hypothesis indicating the relative importance of such variables as blood lipids, blood pressure, family history of atherosclerotic disease, body build, and psychological traits in the production of coronary heart disease. The present article reports the use of factor rotation techniques to define and isolate more clearly a simple relationship between the factors concerned with coronary artery disease, on the one hand, and the physiological and psychological variables which are part of these factors, on the other.
Who Joins the Platform? The Case of the RFID Business Ecosystem

Today, many knowledge-based technology applications form a business ecosystem: a set of complex products and services made by multiple firms in which no firm is dominant. For this paper the emerging radio frequency ID (RFID) ecosystem was built based on firms' alliance announcements, and propositions around the behavior of large, multi-line technology firms in this network were analyzed. The RFID network is used to empirically show that absorptive capacity, and exploration vs. exploitation theories may explain some behavior of large firms. Specifically, a propensity to form alliances in general makes it more likely large firms will join the RFID ecosystem, and more exploratory firms join earlier. Greater availability of slack resources also leads to the formation of more alliances in the network. The ecosystem perspective and these results may influence alliance decisions of firms entering into high cost technological innovations.
High power density direct formic acid fuel cells

A demonstration of direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) generating relatively high power density at ambient temperature is reported. The performance of Nafion 112-based DFAFCs with different concentrations of formic acid at different temperatures has been evaluated. DFAFCs operated with dry air and zero back-pressure can generate power densities of 110 and 84 mW cm −2 at 30 and 18 ◦ C, respectively, which are considerably higher than direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) operated under the same conditions. The DFAFCs are especially suited to power portable devices used at ambient temperature because the significant high power density can be achieved with highly concentrated formic acid. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
On the efficient use of voice-channel bandwidth in data transmission

Alternatives to single sideband modulation are sought for the most efficient use of the voice-band channel in data transmission. Under a certain criterion on optimum data pulses, the direct use of the passband is as efficient as the conventional use of single sideband, which converts the available passband into an apparent lowpass channel. With the simultaneous practical constraints of distortionless transmission, strict passband limitation, and a spectrum free of discontinuities, the principles of pulse-shaping used at lowpass are also applicable for a passband. A class of bandpass pulses is derived which achieves, in addition, a firstorder immunity to timing jitter in the receiver clock, an important property for multilevel PAM systems. Extension to passband is discussed for duobinary transmission.
Decomposition of rice straw and microbial carbon use efficiency under different soil temperatures and moistures

The management of crop residues has become an important aspect of sustaining long-term fertility in cropping systems. Incorporation of crop residues can change microbial processes, which aAect nutrient availability and hence crop yield. Carbon (C) use eAciency by soil microorganisms during rice straw decomposition was determined in a rice paddy soil, under aerobic and anaerobic (flooded) conditions at diAerent temperatures (5, 15, and 258C). Flooding had a tendency to reduce C mineralization and enhance methane (CH4) production; however, with decreasing temperature CH4 production became negligible. Our study showed that anaerobes recycled fermentation waste products during the long-term incubation resulting in a lower net residue-C mineralization in flooded systems compared to non-flooded conditions. As a result, we observed similar microbial production under flooded and non-flooded conditions even though anaerobes decomposed less straw-C than aerobes. These results indicate that a significant amount of decomposition occurred under flooded conditions, but because substrate use eAciency was higher, less straw-C was mineralized compared to aerobic conditions. Kinetic analyses of C mineralization curves confirmed that the C mineralized in the flooded treatment was mainly from labile pools with significant amounts coming from more recalcitrant pools, such as cellulose and lignin depending on temperature. The results are discussed in relation to nutrient availability in rice cropping systems. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
α(1,3)Fucosyltransferases FucT-IV and FucT-VII Control Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E−/− Mice

Objective— These studies examine the contributions of α(1,3)fucosyltransferases (FucT) IV and VII to the generation of selectin counter-receptors necessary for selectin-dependent atherogenesis. They also determine the functional contribution of FucT-IV and FucT-VII to shear-dependent tethering of monocytes to P-selectin, a process believed to be required for atherogenesis. Methods and Results— Atherosclerotic lesion size and histology were determined in apolipoprotein E−/− mice sufficient or deficient in FucT-IV or FucT-VII. Lesion size was subtly reduced in FucT-IV–deficient mice and significantly reduced in FucT-VII–deficient mice. FucT deficiency did not alter lesion histology, plasma total cholesterol, or the lipoprotein distribution profile. Atheroprotection in FucT-IV or FucT-VII deficiency aligned with subtle and profound reductions, respectively, of P-selectin counter-receptor activity on peripheral blood monocytes as determined by tethering to P-selectin-IgG in vitro under shear flow. Conclusions— FucT-VII–mediated α(1,3)fucosylation of selectin ligands is a necessary concomitant to atherogenesis in apoE−/− mice and is required for P-selectin–dependent peripheral blood monocyte adhesion under shear stress. FucT-IV deficiency yields subtle deficits in monocyte P-selectin counter-receptor activity and is associated with a subtle decrement in atherosclerosis. These studies identify an important role for FucT-VII in atherogenesis, and a subsidiary role for FucT-IV, and implicate leukocyte selectin counter-receptors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Reduced Photoperiod Induces Partially Synchronous Flowering in an Understory Rain Forest Herb, Begonia urophylla in Costa Rica

The monoecious understory herb Begonia urophylla blooms in the dry season at Las Cruces, Costa Rica, and bloom is partially synchronized. A laboratory experiment investigated reduced photoperiod as an unambiguous cue for flowering. The inductive period was 3 weeks for flowers but less for bud formation. Variation in bloom time may be an adaptation to enhance fitness gain of plants, such as B. urophylla, with sequential male and female phases. RESUMEN La hierba monoica del sotobosque Begonia urophylla florece en la estacion seca en Las Cruces, Costa Rica y florece parcialmente sincronizada. Un experimento en el laboratorio investigo el fotoperiodo reducido como senal determinante para florecer. El periodo inductivo encontrado fue de 3 semanas para las flores pero menos para la formacion del brote. La variacion en tiempo de floracion puede ser una adaptacion para aumentar la cantidad de descendientes, tales como B. urophylla con fases masculinas y femeninas secuenciales.
Temperature Regulation of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (LT) Synthesis in Escherichia coli Is Mediated by an Interaction of H-NS Protein with the LT A-Subunit DNA

Protein and mRNA levels of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli are highest at 37 degrees C, and they decrease gradually as temperature is decreased. This temperature effect is eliminated in an Hns- mutant. Deletion of portions of DNA coding for the LT A subunit also results in an increase in LT expression at low temperatures, suggesting that the H-NS protein causes inhibition of transcription at low temperatures by interacting with the LT A-subunit DNA. The region that interacts with H-NS is referred to as the downstream regulatory element (DRE). Plasmids in an hns strain from which the DRE has been deleted still produce elevated levels of LT at 18 degrees C, suggesting that intact DRE is not required for transcription from the LT promoter.
Nephrotoxicity with combination vancomycin-aminoglycoside therapy

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to review the medical literature regarding vancomycinaminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity in the pediatric population. METHODS MEDLINE: (1966 through June 2005), EMBASE (1980 through 1st quarter 2005), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases were reviewed using appropriate search terms for articles related to nephrotoxicity with vancomycin and aminoglycoside use. Case reports, letters to editors, retrospective and prospective studies evaluating nephrotoxicity with the agents in pediatric patients were compiled and summarized. Studies in animals and adults were also briefly reviewed. Results One case report, two letters to editors, one retrospective study, and two prospective studies evaluated the nephrotoxicity of combination aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy in pediatric patients. The collective number of patients in the reports was 165. Patients ranged in age from 3 days to 19 years old. Four out of the six reports, including all of the prospective studies, concluded that combination therapy does not potentiate nephrotoxicity. Conclusions Although vancomycin and the aminoglycosides have been associated with drug induced nephrotoxicity, reports in the literature do not appear to support the idea that the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside is more nephrotoxic than either medication alone.
A method to reduce stray signal errors in antenna pattern measurements

The presence of stray signals in an antenna measurement range can cause errors in the measured patterns. In order to measure low sidelobe antennas in an antenna range, the stray signals in the range should be very small (at least 8-10 dB below the sidelobe level). It may not be possible to achieve such low level stray signals in a real world antenna range. Thus, alternate methods for reducing these measurement errors are needed. In this paper, such a method is presented. Using simulated examples and experimental data, it is shown that this method significantly reduces the chamber related measurement errors. The method can also be used to identify the angular regions along which the stray signal errors are most significant. Thus, the range can be qualified and, if possible, improved. >
The Catchment Feature Model for Multimodal Language Analysis

The Catchment Feature Model (CFM) addresses two questions in multimodal interaction: how do we bridge video and audio processing with the realities of human multimodal communication, and how information from the different modes may be fused. We discuss the need for our model, motivate the CFM from psycholinguistic research, and present the Model. In contrast to 'whole gesture' recognition, the CFM applies a feature decomposition approach that facilitates cross-modal fusion at the level of discourse planning and conceptualization. We present our experimental framework for CFM-based research, and cite three concrete examples of Catchment Features (CF), and propose new directions of multimodal research based on the model.
Reply, Comparison of transoral laser microsurgery and nonsurgical approaches for management of oropharyngeal cancer

3582–3589. 5. Feng FY, Kim HM, Lyden TH, et al. Intensity-modulated chemoradiotherapy aiming to reduce dysphagia in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: clinical and functional results. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2732–2738. 6. Chronowski G, Garden A, Morrison W, et al. Unilateral radiotherapy for the treatment of tonsillar cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print] 7. Bourhis J, Le Maitre A, Baujat B, Audry H, Pignon JP. Individual patients' data meta-analyses in head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2007;19:188–194. 8. Bourhis J, Overgaard J, Audry H, et al. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2006;368: 843–854. 9. Eisbruch A, Harris J, Garden AS, et al. Multi-institutional trial of accelerated hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for early-stage oropharyngeal cancer (RTOG 00-22). Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Physics 2009;76:1333–1338. 10. Kies MS, Holsinger FC, Lee JJ, et al. Induction chemotherapy and cetuximab for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results from a phase II prospective trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:8–14.
Impact of Interference on Secrecy Capacity in a Cognitive Radio Network

In this paper, we investigate secrecy capacity of a cognitive radio network based on stochastic geometry distributions. We consider the Poisson process of both the secondary users and the eavesdroppers, and analyze how the stochastic interference from the secondary users can influence the secrecy capacity of the primary users. First, we describe a network model with primary users, secondary users and eavesdroppers in a cognitive radio communication network environment, and obtain the expression of secrecy capacity in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. Then, we study the outage probability of secrecy capacity of a primary node from a secure communication graph point of view. Furthermore, we present numerical results of the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) of the secrecy capacity between a primary transmitter and a primary receiver. Our analysis brings the insights on secure communications in terms of spatially Poisson distributions of primary users, secondary users and eavesdroppers.
Hypohydration effects on skeletal muscle performance and metabolism: a 31P-MRS study

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypohydration reduces skeletal muscle endurance and whether increased H+ and Pi might contribute to performance degradation. Ten physically active volunteers (age 21-40 yr) performed supine single-leg, knee-extension exercise to exhaustion in a 1.5-T whole body magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) system when euhydrated and when hypohydrated (4% body wt). 31P spectra were collected at a rate of one per second at rest, exercise, and recovery, and were grouped and averaged to represent 10-s intervals. The desired hydration level was achieved by having the subjects perform 2-3 h of exercise in a warm room (40 degrees C dry bulb, 20% relative humidity) with or without fluid replacement 3-8 h before the experiment. Time to fatigue was reduced (P < 0.05) by 15% when the subjects were hypohydrated [213 +/- 12 vs. 251 +/- 15 (SE) s]. Muscle strength was generally not affected by hypohydration. Muscle pH and Pi/beta-ATP ratio were similar during exercise and at exhaustion, regardless of hydration state. The time constants for phosphocreatine recovery were also similar between trials. In summary, moderate hypohydration reduces muscle endurance, and neither H+ nor Pi concentration appears to be related to these reductions.
Power, Trust, and Science of Unitary Human Beings Influence Political Leadership A Celebration of Barrett’s Power Theory

The importance of nurses' participation in health policy leadership is discussed within the context of Rogers' science of unitary human beings, Barrett's power theory, and one nurse-politician's experience. Nurses have a major role to play in resolving public policy issues that influence the health of people. A brief review of the history of nurses in the political arena is presented. Research related to power and trust is reviewed. Suggested strategies for success in political situations are offered.