cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcellular distribution of ionic components in gastric mucosa of the guinea pig

The topographical distribution of cations, anions and polyanions in the guinea-pig stomach has been studied by ultrastructural cytochemical methods. After fixation with the pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide solution, variable-sized precipitates were localized in the basolateral extracellular space bordering parietal cells or chief cells but not in that bordering mucus-secreting cells. The basal lamina of all gastric cells disclosed a continuous layer of heavy antimonate deposits. Parietal cells disclosed uniformly fine deposits also on the apical plasmalemma both at the main lumen and in the intracellular canaliculi, and revealed, as well, coarse precipitates in the mitochondria. Fixation with a silver acetate-osmium tetroxide solution yielded nitric acid-resistant, silver deposits confined to the luminal surface of the apical plasmalemma in the main lumen and intracellular canaliculi, the lateral intercellular space, the outer surface of the basal plasmalemma and the basal lamina of the parietal cell. Staining with dialyzed iron demonstrated a glycocalyx rich in acid mucosubstance on the basolateral plasmalemma but not on the apical plasmalemma of parietal cells. In contrast, acid glycoconjugate was visualized on the apical plasmalemma of isthmus cells, mucous neck cells and the transitional cell between isthmus and mucous neck cells but little or no acidic glycoconjugate was demonstrated on the basolateral plasmalemma of these cells. The entire plasmalemma of gastroendocrine cells, unlike other epithelial cells, stained uniformly for acidic glycoconjugate. The dialyzed iron and high iron diamine methods stained the outer compartment of mitochondria in parietal cells intensely and that in other gastric cells lightly. These reagents stained the basal lamina of all gastric cells as did ruthenium red. The several characteristic cytochemical properties of parietal cells presumably relate to the unique secretory activity of these cells and are consistent with the view of the intracellular canaliculi of the parietal cell as the main route for hydrogen and chloride in secretion.
Intraoperative thermal regulation in patients undergoing laparoscopic vs open surgical procedures.

Background Although perioperative hypothermia is a well-known consequence of general anesthesia, it has been hypothesized that laparoscopic surgery exacerbates hypothermia to a greater extent than open surgery. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that laparoscopic surgery does not represent an increased risk for hypothermia.
A non-isothermal kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of magnesium alkoxides and amides

Abstract The thermal decomposition of alkoxides and amides of magnesium have been studied by vacuum TGA under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. These compounds were found to follow a unimolecular decay law, which in integrated form is ln(1  α)  kt , where α is the fraction of material reacted, and k is the Arrhenius rate constant. The rate-controlling process is random nucleation, one nucleus on each particle. Energies of activation calculated by isothermal and non-isothermal methods agree to within ±20%.
AAC technologies to enhance participation and access to meaningful societal roles for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities who require AAC

In this paper we review published research describing the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to support societal participation by adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities who require AAC. We focus on three major participation domains: post-secondary education and training, the workplace, and community living and social interaction opportunities. Based on the findings of the review, we highlight five needed areas of research and development related to AAC technology: face to face communication; distance communication and interconnectivity; training and support for system use; adapted applications and cognitive tools; and supports for independent operation, development, and maintenance.
The social aspects of landscape change: protecting open space under the pressure of development

The extent of developed land in many parts of the world has increased rapidly in recent decades, posing significant challenges to the protection of forests, agricultural lands, and other natural and culturally modified green areas in urban and rural settings. Sustaining these open spaces has long been seen as a critical issue economically, and it is now increasingly being seen as integral for sustaining our psychological health and our ethical relationship to the non-human world as well. As human population spreads across the landscape, natural resource managers and policymakers need to better anticipate and respond to the widespread changes and increasing pressures affecting open spaces. Social science research can play an important role in providing answers to address these vexing management concerns.
An exploratory study on perceptions of safety, fear of crime, and victimization experiences among faculty and staff at an urban university: a focus on gender

Workplace crime in a university context has unique vulnerabilities, such as the context of labor in a large, open, publicly accessed environment. Crime and victimization on college campuses has received a considerable amount of empirical attention, with the majority of studies utilizing student samples. In order to comprehensively understand how crime impacts the overall campus environment, it is important to also look at these issues from the perspectives of faculty and staff. This exploratory study examines the issue of campus crime with a convenience sample of 507 faculty and staff at a mid‐sized urban university in Colorado. Results indicate that nearly 31% of the faculty and staff respondents reported experiencing crime on campus since the onset of their employment at the university. Additionally, results are compared among male and female faculty and staff, since prior research has demonstrated that one's gender affects attitudes and behavior regarding crime and victimization. Implications for polic...
Infrared spectra of the hydrosulfide ion in potassium halide crystals

Abstract Infrared spectra of SH− and SD− as impurities in KI, KBr and KCl crystals are reported for the fundamental stretching and first overtone regions at temperatures down to liquid helium. Features in the spectra are attributed to both isolated ions and ion clusters and to combinations of the fundamental stretch with lattice phonons and with restricted rotational modes and local modes of the impurity ion.
A method of measuring quantitative hepatic function and hemodynamics in cirrhosis: the changes following distal splenorenal shunt.

Quantiative measurement is required to define the severity of chronic liver disease and the effects of therapy on its complications. This paper presents a method of such assessment based on measurement of hepatocyte function, liver volume, functional liver blood flow, portal perfusion and cardiac output. Data are presented on 54 patients evaluated prior to, and one year after DSRS for variceal bleeding. Preoperative testing showed that alcoholics (n=24) had significantly (p<0.05) larger liver and smaller spleen volumes than nonalcoholic cirrhotics (n=22) and patients with portal vein thrombosis (n=8), but that the other parameters were not significantly different by etiologies. At one year after DSRS: all groups showed a significant (p<0.01) reduction of 41 per cent in spleen size: liver volume was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in cirrhotics: there was a significantly (p<0.01) greater loss of portal perfusion in alcoholic cirrhosis: liver blood flow showd a significant (p<0.05) rise in alcoholics when compared to nonalcoholics and portal vein thrombosis patients: cardiac output ros in alcoholic cirrhosis: hepatocyte function was not significantly different in any group. This study shows that in patients all doing well clinically one year after DSRS, there are markedly different hemodynamic responses. Further studies on cirrhosis aimed at improving therapy for its complications should include some objective, quentitative assessment, first to define the study population, and second to measure the effect of the therapy.
Reinventing Rural Sociology: Processes and Substance1

Les principaux changements dans les termes du contrat social existant entre la societe et les universites creees par donation fonciere du gouvernement federal americain ont des incidences sur la recherche, l'enseignement et le programme d'extension de la sociologie rurale. En tracant les contextes legislatifs, universitaires et sociaux de ces changements, on peut comprendre le processus d'evolution, les forces de changement et la necessite de nouvelles strategies organisationnelles pour repondre aux besoins de la societe. Une meilleure mise en reseau avec les groupes d'electeurs et l'utilisation de conseils consultatifs lierait davantage la discipline a ces besoins. L'identification de besoins particuliers est un produit d'une telle interaction et reflete les nouvelles opportunites qui se presentent a la sociologie rurale pour assurer un leadership pour les programmes de developpement humain et communautaire
Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene–earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

The first well-preserved, partial associated skeleton of Anoplotherium latipes, with critical details of tibia, femur, ulna and cervical vertebrae, is described from the UK earliest Oligocene. Anoplotherium and related genera are interpreted as facultatively bipedal, extended-limb, high browsers, based especially on the following: pelvis with flared ilia and long pubic symphysis; medially bowed tibiae shorter than femora; trunk vertebrae enlarging caudally; extensive attachment for supraspinous and deltoid muscles for raising the forelimbs; long muscular tail for balance; and large hind foot processes for attachment of suspensory ligaments. Although overall most like extinct ground sloths among bipedal browsers, Anoplotherium is unique in combining long muscular tail, hooves instead of claws and relatively short forelimbs. Primitive retention of the long tail facilitated an erect stance without need for the long, clawed forelimb support evolved by chalicotheres. Emphasis was instead on strengthening support by the hind-quarters. With only toe-number differences, A. latipes and A. commune may have been sexual dimorphs. The large Anoplotherium species would have been able to browse 2–3 m above the ground with no competition from other contemporaneous European terrestrial mammals. Bipedal browsing is an adaptation previously unrecognized in European Eocene communities. © 2007 Natural History Museum. Journal compilation © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 151, 609–659.
Audiovestibular Characteristics of Small Cochleovestibular Schwannomas in Neurofibromatosis Type 2.

ObjectiveDescribe the relationship between cochleovestibular schwannoma (CVS) volume, audiovestibular characteristics, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with neurofibromatos...
Automated detection of physiologic deterioration in hospitalized patients.

Objective Develop and evaluate an automated case detection and response triggering system to monitor patients every 5 min and identify early signs of physiologic deterioration. Materials and methods A 2-year prospective, observational study at a large level 1 trauma center. All patients admitted to a 33-bed medical and oncology floor (A) and a 33-bed non-intensive care unit (ICU) surgical trauma floor (B) were monitored. During the intervention year, pager alerts of early physiologic deterioration were automatically sent to charge nurses along with access to a graphical point-of-care web page to facilitate patient evaluation. Results Nurses reported the positive predictive value of alerts was 91–100% depending on erroneous data presence. Unit A patients were significantly older and had significantly more comorbidities than unit B patients. During the intervention year, unit A patients had a significant increase in length of stay, more transfers to ICU (p = 0.23), and significantly more medical emergency team (MET) calls (p = 0.0008), and significantly fewer died (p = 0.044) compared to the pre-intervention year. No significant differences were found on unit B. Conclusions We monitored patients every 5 min and provided automated pages of early physiologic deterioration. This before–after study found a significant increase in MET calls and a significant decrease in mortality only in the unit with older patients with multiple comorbidities, and thus further study is warranted to detect potential confounding. Moreover, nurses reported the graphical alerts provided information needed to quickly evaluate patients, and they felt more confident about their assessment and more comfortable requesting help.
Water Resources and Human Health: the Viewpoint of Medical Geography

Medical geography studies both areal patterns of human health and disease and the environmental and cultural factors that contribute to such conditions. In such studies water resources are of major importance, not only because they are essential for life and their scenic beauty is of inspirational value, but also because they are involved, directly or indirectly, in more than 80 percent of all disease. The direct involvements results from various disease causing agents sometimes found in surface or ground water - organic ones such as bacteria, worms, etc., which are known as pathogens, and inorganic ones such as trace elements and synthetic toxic chemicals. Surface waters may have indirect effects also, for they may serve as habitats or breeding places for organisms that do not themselves cause human disease but that serve as vectors or hosts for such pathogens. This paper will discuss these various roles of water resources in both endemic and epidemic disease occurrences and ways in which various human activities - domestic, economics, recreational, or religious - increase or reduce our exposure to such diseases.
Some General Resonance Relations and a Discussion of Thevenin's Theorem

It is shown that the maximum possible current which can be obtained through an impedance joining two points of a linear network is in general greater than the short-circuit current between those points; the maximum possible voltage is in general greater than the open-circuit voltage; the ratio of open-circuit voltage to short-circuit current is equal to the ratio of the maximum possible voltage to the maximum possible current, and both are equal to the magnitude of the input impedance of the network, etc. The condition for maximum voltage across a branch of a linear network is derived. As a preliminary, a form of Thevenin's theorem different from the usual one and of greater usefulness in the analytical solution of some circuit problems is obtained.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in human cerebral endothelium promotes intracellular oxidant stress

Cerebral endothelial cells in the rat, pig, and, most recently, human have been shown to express several types of receptors specific for glutamate. High levels of glutamate disrupt the cerebral end...
Silencing of GmFAD3 gene by siRNA leads to low α-linolenic acids (18:3) of fad3-mutant phenotype in soybean [Glycine max (Merr.)]

RNA interference (RNAi) has been recently employed as an effective experimental tool for both basic and applied biological studies in various organisms including plants. RNAi deploys small RNAs, mainly small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), to mediate the degradation of mRNA for regulating gene expression in plants. Here we report an efficient siRNA-mediated gene silencing of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene family in a complex genome, the soybean (Glycine max). The FAD3 enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of α-linolenic acids (18:3) in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway. It is this fatty acid that contributes mostly to the instability of soybean and other seed oils. Therefore, a significant reduction of this fatty acid will increase the stability of the seed oil, enhancing the seed agronomical value. A conserved nucleotide sequence, 318-nt in length, common to the three gene family members was used as an inverted repeat for RNA interference. The RNAi expression cassette was driven by a seed-specific promoter. We show that the transgene-produced siRNA caused silencing of FAD3 that was comparable to the fad3 mutant phenotype and, furthermore, that such a silencing is stably inherited in engineered soybean lines. Since the pool size of the α-linolenic acids is small relative to the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean, the significant reduction of this fatty acid suggests a role and great potential for the siRNA strategy in silencing gene families in a complex genome.
Celebrating Diversity in Volunteer Computing

The computing resources in a volunteer computing system are highly diverse in terms of software and hardware type, speed, availability, reliability, network connectivity, and other properties. Similarly, the jobs to be performed may vary widely in terms of their hardware and completion time requirements. To maximize system performance, the system’s job selection policy must accommodate both types of diversity. In this paper we discuss diversity in the context of World Community Grid (a large volunteer computing project sponsored by IBM) and BOINC, the middleware system on which it is based. We then discuss the techniques used in the BOINC scheduler to efficiently match diverse jobs to diverse hosts.
DORA: A Dynamic File Assignment Strategy with Replication

Compared with numerous static file assignment algorithms proposed in the literature, very few investigations on the dynamic file allocation problem have been accomplished. Moreover, none of them has integrated file replication techniques into file assignment algorithms in a highly dynamic file system where files are created or deleted on the fly and their access patterns varied over time. We argue that file replication and file assignment can act in concert to boost the performance of parallel disk systems. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic file assignment strategy called DORA (dynamic round robin with replication). The advantages of DORA can be attributed to its two main characteristics. First, it takes the dynamic nature of file access patterns into account to adapt to a changing workload condition. Second, it utilizes file replication techniques to complement file assignment schemes so that system performance can be further improved. Experimental results demonstrate that DORA performs consistently better than existing algorithms.
PPARγ and LXR Signaling Inhibit Dendritic Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Capture and trans-Infection

Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and dissemination by capturing and transporting infectious virus from the mucosa to draining lymph nodes, and transferring these virus particles to CD4+ T cells with high efficiency. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced maturation of DCs enhances their ability to mediate trans-infection of T cells and their ability to migrate from the site of infection. Because TLR-induced maturation can be inhibited by nuclear receptor (NR) signaling, we hypothesized that ligand-activated NRs could repress DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission and dissemination. Here, we show that ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and liver X receptor (LXR) prevented proinflammatory cytokine production by DCs and inhibited DC migration in response to the chemokine CCL21 by preventing the TLR-induced upregulation of CCR7. Importantly, PPARgamma and LXR signaling inhibited both immature and mature DC-mediated trans-infection by preventing the capture of HIV-1 by DCs independent of the viral envelope glycoprotein. PPARgamma and LXR signaling induced cholesterol efflux from DCs and led to a decrease in DC-associated cholesterol, which has previously been shown to be required for DC capture of HIV-1. Finally, both cholesterol repletion and the targeted knockdown of the cholesterol transport protein ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) restored the ability of NR ligand treated cells to capture HIV-1 and transfer it to T cells. Our results suggest that PPARgamma and LXR signaling up-regulate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from DCs and that this accounts for the decreased ability of DCs to capture HIV-1. The ability of NR ligands to repress DC mediated trans-infection, inflammation, and DC migration underscores their potential therapeutic value in inhibiting HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
Cancer of the Prostate: Incidence in the USA

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy affecting men and the second leading cancer killer of men in the United States. One out of every seven men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. Prostate cancer incidence in the United States increased dramatically with the adoption of prostate-specific antigen test in the late 1980s, for the early detection of prostate cancer and has decreased steadily since. Early screening efforts have led to a stage migration. In the mid-1980s less than one-third of men were detected with organ-confined disease. Today, more than two-thirds of men have organ-confined disease at diagnosis. Socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services, in a major way, drives prostate cancer incidence and survival, with patients in higher-SES classes experiencing higher incidence and lower cancer-specific mortality. Several factors have been touted to increase the risk for prostate cancer, including pharmaceuticals, environmental factors, dietary patterns, and nutritional supplements; however, age, family history, race/ethnicity, BRCA1/2 mutations, and Lynch syndrome are the only well-established risk factors for prostate cancer.
A public mental health approach to the postdisaster treatment of children and adolescents.

This article describes the implementation of mental health intervention programs for children, adolescents, and their families exposed to natural disaster and violence. Recommendations are made regarding needed levels of organization, methods of screening and triage, training and supervision of mental health staff, design and implementation of treatment approaches, and longitudinal monitoring of course of recovery and intervention outcome.
Distinguishing Participation and Inclusion

This article argues that participation and inclusion are independent dimensions of public engagement and elaborates the relationships of inclusion with deliberation and diversity. Inclusion continuously creates a community involved in defining and addressing public issues; participation emphasizes public input on the content of programs and policies. Features of inclusive processes are coproducing the process and content of decision making, engaging multiple ways of knowing, and sustaining temporal openness. Using a community of practice lens, we compare the consequences of participatory and inclusive practices in four processes, finding that inclusion supports an ongoing community with capacity to address a stream of issues.
Abstract 979: Understanding the relationship between race and nicotine dependence

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Mounting evidence continues to demonstrate that nicotine dependence is a growing public health issue among current smokers. While duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and cessation attempts are common indicators of nicotine dependence, African Americans tend to smoke less cigarettes per day (CPD; 10 or less), initiate smoking at a later age and experience greater failed quit attempts, compared to whites, yet develop nicotine dependence. However, no previous study has examined the possibility that race differences in the social context which African Americans and non-Hispanic whites live may contribute to disparities and the persistence of nicotine dependence. Social class and immediate personal interactions occurs in various social contexts, including the living space, workplace, institutions or other physical environments. This project examines the contributions of demographic, behavioral and environmental factors as social contextual factors that contribute to smoking behavior and the persistence of nicotine dependence. Objective: We examined race disparities in nicotine dependence among 761 African American and white current smokers living in similar social and environmental risk exposures and compared these estimates to 1461 black and white current smokers in a national sample of adults aged 20 and over. Methods: Data was assessed from Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities-Southwest Baltimore (EHDIC-SWB; 2003) and National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES; 2001-2004) to determine if race disparities in nicotine dependence would be attenuated in EHDIC-SWB. Time to first cigarette was used to assess nicotine dependence. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between race and nicotine dependence, controlling for known confounders. Results: In multivariate analysis, race differences in nicotine dependence were greater among African-Americans in a representative sample of US adults. African Americans in a national sample have a lower odds of nicotine dependence (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.46, 0.93) compared to whites. However, no race difference were detected among participants in the EHDIC-SWB study (0.87; 95% CI 0.62, 1.22). Conclusions: Examination of social and environmental factors may reveal important insights into the nature of inequalities between black and white adults in health outcomes such as nicotine dependence. Our results highlight the importance of examining social contextual factors and suggest that the promotion of targeted interventions may reduce the prevalence of nicotine dependence among current smokers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 979.
Subunits of chromosomal DNA. I. Electron microscopic analysis of partially denatured DNA.

A study of chromosomal DNA from Chinese hamster cells and chick fibroblasts by electron microscopy after partial denaturation revealed small regions which melted at 50° and could be stabilized by reaction with formaldehyde. The melted regions remained open so that their length and distribution along the DNA strands could be measured. The measurements indicated regularly spaced sites with low melting points at 0.4–0.5 micron intervals in most of the DNA. The length of the melted regions varied from those just visible to some as long as 0.4–0.5 microns, which probably represents the entire region between two successive sites with low melting points. A computer analysis of the spacings indicated a high probability of melted sites occurring every 2 microns along the DNA strands. Both of these spacings correspond to functional subunits of the DNA which can be isolated under appropriate metabolic conditions.
Preparing for pandemic influenza

Influenza is a highly contagious, acute febrile respiratory illness that results in global morbidity and mortality annually. Avian influenza (H5N1) has the potential to cause a pandemic. Avian influenza's epidemiology and clinical description, including common signs/symptoms, transmission, vaccination, and treatment, are presented. Recommended isolation practices for labor and delivery, and proper procedures for identifying and managing infected patients are provided. Potential maternal and newborn outcomes related to influenza and avian influenza are discussed. Pandemic planning issues are outlined, including hospital surge capacity, medical equipment and staffing availability, and the need for altered standards of care. Communities need to designate sites (whether in hospital or in alternative care centers) for labor and delivery services as part of their disaster plan. Pregnant women and newborns are vulnerable groups during routine times and are expected to be disproportionately affected during a pandemic in terms of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is essential that hospitals and communities take steps to protect these vulnerable groups as part of the disaster planning process. It is not known whether or when a pandemic will occur, but perinatal and neonatal nurses should become familiar with avian influenza's clinical description and proper infection control procedures to halt potential disease spread.
Regulation of coronary diameter by myogenic mechanisms in arterial microvessels greater than 100 microns in diameter

We performed the present study to determine the quantitative significance of transient and steady-state myogenic responses in isolated coronary resistance vessels greater than 100 microns in diameter. Small coronary arteries were isolated from freshly excised porcine hearts (n = 14) and were studied under static conditions in a superfused vessel chamber that allowed internal diameter to be assessed continuously using video microscopic techniques. At a mean distending pressure of 50 mmHg, the passive diameter of resistance arteries following sodium nitroprusside averaged 181 +/- 10 (SE) microns. Upon heating, vessels developed spontaneous tone and constricted to 72 +/- 3% of their maximum diameter. After a 30-mmHg step change in coronary pressure from 50 to 80 mmHg, there was an initial dilation from 131 +/- 9 to 149 +/- 11 microns, followed by myogenic constriction that returned diameter to the initial value over a period of several minutes (134 +/- 10 microns, P = NS). Directionally opposite peak transients were observed during reductions in pressure. Steady-state diameter remained relatively constant over a pressure range from 100 to 20 mmHg. Although these data demonstrate that myogenic responses are present in resistance arteries that are greater than 100 microns in diameter, their contribution to steady-state coronary resistance changes as pressure is varied is small. This suggests that additional mechanisms contribute to the phenomenon of coronary autoregulation in this class of resistance vessel.
Prodromal myocardial infarction symptoms experienced by women

Abstract Objectives This integrative review sought to identify studies that describe individual prodromal myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms and clusters of prodromal symptoms in women and to critically examine this body of evidence. Background Studies have suggested that women may experience warning symptoms months prior to MI. Methods A comprehensive database search was conducted using multiple search terms in various combinations. A structured literature audit was then conducted. Results 12 studies were included in the final review, including 10 peer-reviewed journal articles and 2 doctoral dissertations. The review suggests that prodromal myocardial infarction symptoms are prevalent in almost all women prior to MI. The most common prodromal symptom appears to be fatigue, though other symptoms are also prevalent. Further, prodromal symptoms may be useful at predicting myocardial infarction. Conclusions Though prodromal MI symptoms experienced by women are prevalent, additional study is required in a larger population of diverse women to fully characterize prodromal MI symptoms in women.
A path compression technique for on-demand ad-hoc routing protocols

Ad-hoc on-demand routing protocols like AODV establish and maintain routes on-demand. However, the paths established by on-demand protocols, which are optimal during the route establishment phase, become sub-optimal over time due to node mobility. We propose a path compression algorithm (PCA) that optimizes the established routes when feasible without incurring extra overhead. By utilizing a promiscuous mode of operation, nodes 'hear' hop counts embedded in the IP optional header of data packets to find shorter paths. PCA avoids unnecessary aggressive and ephemeral route updates, which improves the protocol performance. Routing path optimality is important as the optimal path reduces the packet drop ratio, the end-to-end delay, and the energy dissipation of end-to-end data transmission. We conducted simulations using GloMoSim to evaluate the performance of our algorithm and compared it with AODV and a related protocol in the literature - SHORT. Our simulation results show that PCA achieves high delivery rate, low control overhead, low end-to-end delivery and low average hop count compared to both AODV and SHORT.
Combining a Ru(II) “Building Block” and Rapid Screening Approach to Identify DNA Structure-Selective “Light Switch” Compounds

A chemically reactive Ru(II) “building block”, able to undergo condensation reactions with substituted diamines, was utilized to create a small library of luminescent “light switch” dipyrido-[3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazine (dppz) complexes. The impact of substituent identity, position, and the number of substituents on the light switch effect was investigated. An unbiased, parallel screening approach was used to evaluate the selectivity of the compounds for a variety of different biomolecules, including protein, nucleosides, single stranded DNA, duplex DNA, triplex DNA, and G-quadruplex DNA. Combining these two approaches allowed for the identification of hit molecules that showed different selectivities for biologically relevant DNA structures, particularly triplex and quadruplex DNA.
Abstract 542: Upregulation of Cyr 61 Expression in Atherosclerosis Is Mediated by β3 Integrins

Objective: Cyr 61 is a member of the CCN family of proteins that is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, stimulates proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is upregulated by angiot...
Suspensory Tethers and Critical Point Membrane Displacement in Endolymphatic Hydrops

Introduction Grossly displaced membranes are characteristic of endolymphatic hydrops. The process whereby physiological membrane displacement becomes pathological may be mediated by stress, but the membrane biomechanics underlying this transition are unclear. Objective This study seeks to determine the role of suspensory tethers during pressure-induced membrane displacement in the generation of the membranous lesions seen in this disease entity using a biomechanical model approach. Methods The location of membrane suspensory tethers was identified histologically. The influence of tethers on model membrane configuration during displacement was assessed graphically. The relationship of membrane configuration during displacement to curvature radius was quantified trigonometrically. The relationship of curvature radius to stress susceptibility was determined mathematically. The net effect of suspensory tethers on membrane stress levels for various degrees of membrane distention and displacement was then calculated numerically. Results In the inferior labyrinth, suspensory tethers are found to occur on the membranes' boundaries. Such tethering is found to impose a biphasic effect on membrane curvature with increasing degrees of displacement. As a consequence, tensile stress susceptibility is found to decline with initial membrane displacement to a critical point nadir beyond which stress then increases monotonically. No such effect was found for the superior labyrinth. Conclusion Boundary tethers in the inferior labyrinth are associated with significant tensile stress reductions until a critical point of membrane displacement is reached. Displacements short of the critical point may be physiological and even reversible, whereas such displacements beyond the critical point are apt to be overtly hydropic and irreversible.
A BIFURCATION GAP FOR A SINGULARLY PERTURBED DELAY EQUATION

ABSTRACT The singularly perturbed differential-delay equation is compared with the discrete dynamical system for some model problems. In general, the dynamical structures (periodic orbits, their stability properties, bifurcation points) of (2) are not preserved in (1), no matter how small e is taken. Thus (2) does not furnish an accurate approximation to (1) for small e.
Regulation of Kisspeptin Synthesis and Release in the Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Region of Prepubertal Female Rats: Actions of IGF-1 and Alcohol.

Background Alcohol (ALC) causes suppressed secretion of prepubertal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and kisspeptin (Kp) are major regulators of LHRH and are critical for puberty. IGF-1 may be an upstream mediator of Kp in the preoptic area and rostral hypothalamic area (POA/RHA) of the rat brain, a region containing both Kp and LHRH neurons. We investigated the ability of IGF-1 to stimulate prepubertal Kp synthesis and release in POA/RHA, and the potential inhibitory effects of ALC. Methods Immature female rats were administered either ALC (3 g/kg) or water via gastric gavage at 0730 hours. At 0900 hours, both groups were subdivided where half received either saline or IGF-1 into the brain third ventricle. A second dose of ALC (2 g/kg) or water was administered at 1130 hours. Rats were killed 6 hours after injection and POA/RHA region collected. Results IGF-1 stimulated Kp, an action blocked by ALC. Upstream to Kp, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activation, as demonstrated by the increase in insulin receptor substrate 1, resulted in activation of Akt, tuberous sclerosis 2, ras homologue enriched in brain, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). ALC blocked the central action of IGF-1 to induce their respective phosphorylation. IGF-1 specificity and ALC specificity for the Akt-activated mTOR pathway were demonstrated by the absence of effects on PRAS40. Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulated Kp release from POA/RHA incubated in vitro. Conclusions IGF-1 stimulates prepubertal Kp synthesis and release following activation of a mTOR signaling pathway, and ALC blocks this pathway at the level of IGF-1R.
Exploiting Asynchrony in Multi-agent Consensus to Change the Agreement Point

Reaching agreement through consensus is fundamental to the operation of distributed systems such as sensor networks, social networks or multi-robot networks. Consensus requires agents in the system to reach an agreement over a variable of interest only through local interactions. In real systems, limitations in resources available to the individual agents and delays in communication typically result in asynchronous discrete time control models for consensus. In this paper, we model the problem where an adversary (or a friend) can exploit asynchrony in updates in a group of agents that use the same control law. By modifying the update frequency of a subset of the agents, the adversary (or friend) can change the final value that the system agrees on.
Influence of Imagined Interactions on Communicative Outcomes: The Case of Forensic Competition

Scholars have posited that the role of communication is to control the environment so as to realize physical, economic, or social rewards (Miller & Steinberg, 1975), the underlying assumption being that the message making process is not a random activity. Instead, in seeking to control the environment, communicators purposively weigh the perceived available message alternatives and select the one expected to produce the most favorable outcome. In other words, individuals use language to create and/or alter the world around them.
Combining syntax and semantics for automatic extractive single-document summarization

The goal of automated summarization is to tackle the "information overload" problem by extracting and perhaps compressing the most important content of a document. Due to the difficulty that single-document summarization has in beating a standard baseline, especially for news articles, most efforts are currently focused on multi-document summarization. The goal of this study is to reconsider the importance of single-document summarization by introducing a new approach and its implementation. This approach essentially combines syntactic, semantic, and statistical methodologies, and reflects psychological findings that pinpoint specific selection patterns as humans construct summaries. Successful summary evaluation results and baseline out-performance are demonstrated when our system is executed on two separate datasets: the Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2002 data set and a scientific magazine article set. These results have implications not only for extractive and abstractive single-document summarization, but could also be leveraged in multi-document summarization.
Factor XII in inflammation and wound healing.

Purpose of reviewThis review describes the contribution of coagulation factor XII (FXII) in sterile inflammation and wound healing, focusing on recently identified roles for zymogen FXII in neutrophil functions.Recent findingsRecent studies have identified an important role for FXII in neutrophil tr
Chaotic itinerancy: Insufficient perceptual evidence

Chaotic itinerancy is useful for illustrating transitions in attractor dynamics seen in the olfactory system. Cantor coding is a good model for information processing, but so far it lacks perceptual proof. The theories presented provide a large step toward bridging the use of chaos as an interpretive tool and hard examination of chaotic neural activity during perception.
Recruitment, Retention, and Dismissal

Faculty are the single most important component of any academic department. They provide the innovation, skills, and experience needed to educate students, carry out research across the scientific continuum, and care for patients in the academic medical center. This chapter focuses on both the philosophical approach and pragmatics around recruitment, retention, and dismissal of faculty. Having effective control of these dimensions of departmental leadership are fundamental to maintaining an engaged, productive, and diversified faculty that functions toward a common mission.
How Informative are Voluntary CSR Disclosures? Evidence from the Gender Pay Gap

How informative is a firm's voluntary disclosure of its gender diversity? We focus on the FTSE 350 and exploit a 2017 UK regulation that mandates public disclosure of detailed gender pay gap ("GPG") data. Using a firm's GPG revealed post-mandate to proxy for the firm's true gender diversity, we compare this proxy to a firm's voluntary disclosure on gender diversity in its 2015 annual report. Contrary to the prediction of traditional signaling models, our results show firms with the best GPGs make the least voluntary disclosures. We find support for two potential explanations: firms with the best GPGs countersignal by using nondisclosure to show their confidence in their gender diversity reputation; and firms with lower GPGs disclose because they have more room for improvement. As the negative relationship between gender diversity and voluntary disclosure implies, we find ESG ratings that rely heavily on disclosure give higher social scores to firms with worse gender pay gaps.
Gaze by Semi-Virtual Robotic Heads: Effects of Eye and Head Motion

We study human perception of gaze rendered by popular semi-virtual robotic heads, which use a screen to render a robot’s face. It is known that when these heads are stationary, the screen may induce the Mona Lisa gaze effect, which widens the robot’s apparent cone of direct gaze. But how do people perceive gaze when the head can move as well? To study this question, we conducted a laboratory experiment that investigated human perception of robot gaze when a semi-virtual platform looked in different directions. We varied the way in which the robot conveyed gaze, using several behaviors involving 2D eye and head motion. Our results suggest that the interplay between these motions can regulate how wide users perceive the robot’s cone of direct gaze. Also, our findings suggest that the location of observers can affect the perception of gaze by semi-virtual robotic heads. We discuss the implications of our findings for social interaction.
Retinal imaging demonstrates reduced capillary density in clinically unimpaired APOE ε4 gene carriers.

Author(s): Elahi, Fanny M; Ashimatey, Senyo B; Bennett, Daniel J; Walters, Samantha M; La Joie, Renaud; Jiang, Xuejuan; Wolf, Amy; Cobigo, Yann; Staffaroni, Adam M; Rosen, Howie J; Miller, Bruce L; Rabinovici, Gil D; Kramer, Joel H; Green, Ari J; Kashani, Amir H | Abstract: IntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) e4, the strongest non-Mendelian genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been shown to affect brain capillaries in mice, with potential implications for AD-related neurodegenerative disease. However, human brain capillaries cannot be directly visualized in vivo. We therefore used retinal imaging to test APOE e4 effects on human central nervous system capillaries.MethodsWe collected retinal optical coherence tomography angiography, cognitive testing, and brain imaging in research participants and built statistical models to test genotype-phenotype associations.ResultsOur analyses demonstrate lower retinal capillary densities in early disease, in cognitively normal APOE e4 gene carriers. Furthermore, through regression modeling with a measure of brain perfusion (arterial spin labeling), we provide support for the relevance of these findings to cerebral vasculature.DiscussionThese results suggest that APOE e4 affects capillary health in humans and that retinal capillary measures could serve as surrogates for brain capillaries, providing an opportunity to study microangiopathic contributions to neurodegenerative disorders directly in humans.
Beauty is in the bid of the beholder: An empirical basis for style

Abstract We develop a method for classification of works of art based on their price dynamics. The method is in the same spirit as factor models commonly used within financial economics. Factor models assume that price dynamics of assets are related to underlying fundamental characteristics. We assume that such characteristics exist for works of art, and that they are associated with what we intuitively think of as style. We use a clustering algorithm to group artists that represent similar styles. This algorithm is specifically well-suited for situations where statistical distributions are far from normal – a description we believe fits well with markets for art. We test the method empirically on a ten-year sample of price data for paintings by 58 artists. Even with this limited data set, we clearly identify five groups and show that these are related to a standard classification of style.
High-Throughput Corn Image Segmentation and Trait Extraction Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Images.

Plant segmentation and trait extraction for individual organs are two of the key challenges in high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) operations. To address this challenge, the Ag Alumni Seed Phenotyping Facility (AAPF) at Purdue University utilizes chlorophyll fluorescence images (CFIs) to enable consistent and efficient automatic segmentation of plants of different species, age, or color. A series of image analysis routines were also developed to facilitate the quantitative measurements of key corn plant traits. A proof-of-concept experiment was conducted to demonstrate the utility of the extracted traits in assessing drought stress reaction of corn plants. The image analysis routines successfully measured several corn morphological characteristics for different sizes such as plant height, area, top-node height and diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and angle in relation to the stem. Data from the proof-of-concept experiment showed how corn plants behaved when treated with different water regiments or grown in pot of different sizes. High-throughput image segmentation and analysis basing on a plant’s fluorescence image was proved to be efficient and reliable. Extracted trait on the segmented stem and leaves of a corn plant demonstrated the importance and utility of this kind of trait data in evaluating the performance of corn plant under stress. Data collected from corn plants grown in pots of different volumes showed the importance of using pot of standard size when conducting and reporting plant phenotyping data in a controlled-environment facility.