cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved Random Pattern Delay Fault Coverage Using Inversion Test Points

This article analyzes and rationalizes the capabilities of inversion-based test points (TPs) when implemented in lieu of control-0/1 TPs. With upward scaling of transistor density, delay faults can be masked when using pseudo-random tests with control-0/1 (“conventional”) TP architectures. This study finds delay fault coverage can be improved using inversion TPs in logic circuits using pseudo-random tests without negatively impacting stuck-at fault coverage.
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: A review of incidence, demographics, risk factors, and survival

Abstract Purpose Identify variables that are independent predictors of survival in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) of the major salivary glands using a population-based database and evaluate the incidence and management strategies for this rare malignancy. Materials and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for all cases of major salivary gland CXPA from 1973 to 2015. Results Of the 619 patients identified, the parotid gland was the most common site of involvement (76.9%, 476/619). The reported incidence of CXPA has risen in the past decade (2005–2015, 0.24 to 0.63 per 1,000,000). The 2-year and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 90.3% and 80.4%, respectively. On univariate analysis, facial nerve sacrifice was not a statistically significant predictor of survival (HR = 1.213, 95% CI [0.588–2.058], P = 0.602). Patients with a tumor size >4 cm, multiple positive lymph nodes, and distant metastatic disease had a 2 to 4-fold statistically significant increase in mortality using a multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was not demonstrated in the DSS of patients who underwent partial versus total parotidectomy procedures. Conclusions CXPA is a rare salivary malignancy that has a reported increased incidence in the last decade. Tumor size >4 cm, multiple positive lymph nodes, and distant metastatic disease are predictors of disease-specific mortality. Further research should be conducted to improve early detection and survival strategies for this salivary cancer. Level of Evidence: 4.
Congenital Tracheal Anomalies: Complete Tracheal Rings, Tracheomalacia, and Vascular Compression

The normal trachea consists of approximately 15–20 cartilaginous rings situated in a “horseshoe” or “C shape” as well as a posterior membranous portion in a 4–5:1 ratio (Cummings et al. Otolaryngology – head & neck surgery [print/digital]. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2005). Alterations in this ratio are seen in two of the most common congenital tracheal anomalies, tracheal stenosis and tracheomalacia. Congenital disorders of the trachea, while rare, can cause a wide range of symptoms with varying severity. The diversity in presentation mandates a high degree of clinical suspicion to identify these disorders. Management has evolved significantly, such that there is potential to address both morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Concomitant congenital anomalies may be present and can complicate management. A multidisciplinary approach to care is necessary to ensure the best airway, feeding, and overall outcomes for these complex patients. This chapter will focus on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of congenital tracheal stenosis, most commonly caused by complete tracheal rings. Additionally, other causes of tracheal stenosis and disorders involving tracheal collapse, including both intrinsic and extrinsic causes, will be reviewed.
Real programmers use Alice: conference workshop

This workshop will address the issues in using Alice V2.0 for a full-semester, introductory programming course first in a CS101o, 102o, 103o sequence. Participants will explore syllabi for two implementations, and an extensive set of classroom examples, exploratory learning tutorials, lab assignments, programming projects, examinations and assessment tools developed during a two-year experimental implementation of the sequence described. Discussion will include design of a programming principles course suitable for liberal studies, as well as CS/IS/IT majors. Participants will complete and assess an exercise focusing on specific programming principles. Discussion will include key indicators of success and plans for future implementations.
One-Step Nucleic Acid Purification and Noise-Resistant Polymerase Chain Reaction by Electrokinetic Concentration for Ultralow-Abundance Nucleic Acid Detection

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) integrated on a chip hold great promises for early disease diagnosis at the point of care. Currently, nucleic acid (NA) purification remains complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it takes extensive efforts to optimize the amplification chemistry. Using selective electrokinetic concentration, we report one-step, liquid-phase NA purification that is much simpler and faster than conventional solid phase extraction. By further re-concentrating NAs and performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a microfluidic chamber, our platform effectively suppresses non-specific amplification caused by non-optimal PCR designs. We achieved the detection of 5 copies of M. tuberculosis genomic DNA (equaling 0.3 cell) in real biofluids using both well-optimized and non-optimal PCR designs, which is 10× and 1000× fewer than those of the standard bench-top method, respectively. By significantly simplifying the workflow and shortening the development cycle of NAATs, our platform may find great uses in point-of-care diagnosis and beyond.
Nested Event Representation for Automated Assembly of Cell Signaling Network Models

The rate at which biological literature is published far outpaces the current capabilities of modeling experts. In order to facilitate the automation of model assembly, we improve upon methods for converting machine reading output obtained from papers studying intracellular networks into discrete element rule-based models. We introduce a graph representation that can capture the complicated semantics found in machine reading output. Specifically, we focus on extracting change-of-rate information available when network elements are found to inhibit or catalyze other interactions (nested events). We demonstrate the viability of this approach by measuring the prevalence of these nested events in cancer literature, as well as the success rates of two machine readers in capturing them. Finally, we show how our algorithm can translate between machine reading output and the new graphical form. By incorporating these more detailed interactions into the model, we can more accurately predict cellular dynamics on a broad scale, leading to improvements in experimental design and disease treatment discovery.
Living on the edge: spatial response of coyotes (Canis latrans) to wolves (Canis lupus) in the subarctic

Understanding how mesopredators manage the risks associated with apex predators is key to explaining impacts of apex predators on mesopredator populations and patterns of mesopredator space use. He...
Switched Hawkes Processes

Hawkes processes are a class of auto-regressive point processes that are commonly used in modeling data in which events tend to cluster and influence the likelihood of future events. Because of their ability to model and explain how events or processes can influence each other, Hawkes processes (and their multivariate extensions) have been applied in a variety of practical applications such as analyzing financial time series, communication networks, and biological networks, to name just a few. In practice, the dynamics of such systems often depend on external factors that may change over time and that may drive different kinds of behavior. In this paper, we consider a switched Hawkes process which can be used to model systems in which the parameters of the process dynamically change depending on some (known) external state. We propose a simple maximum likelihood estimation approach which we validate using synthetic simulations. We then apply our model to a real-world traffic sensor dataset to study traffic patterns during different configurations of the traffic lights at an intersection.
Integral Flow and Cycle Chip-Firing on Graphs

Motivated by the notion of chip-firing on the dual graph of a planar graph, we consider ‘integral flow chip-firing’ on an arbitrary graph G. The chip-firing rule is governed by $${\mathcal {L}}^*(G)$$ , the dual Laplacian of G determined by choosing a basis for the lattice of integral flows on G. We show that any graph admits such a basis so that $${\mathcal {L}}^*(G)$$ is an M-matrix, leading to a firing rule on these basis elements that is avalanche finite. This follows from a more general result on bases of integral lattices that may be of independent interest. Our results provide a notion of z-superstable flow configurations that are in bijection with the set of spanning trees of G. We show that for planar graphs, as well as for the graphs $$K_5$$ and $$K_{3,3}$$ , one can find such a flow M-basis that consists of cycles of the underlying graph. We consider the question for arbitrary graphs and address some open questions.
A Reinforced Learning Solution for Clock Skew Engineering to Reduce Peak Current and IR Drop

This paper purposes a Reinforcement Learning solution for peak current reduction by clock skew engineering. The reinforcement learning agent learns how to adjust each register's clock arrival time to maximize the clock arrival's distribution. The use of reinforcement learning allows us to explore optimization opportunities in clock tree synthesis beyond the heuristic algorithms used in modern EDA tools. Our experimental results support this claim as we report over 35% drop in peak current and major reduction in IR drop (from package to transistor) in the selected benchmarks. The agent explores despite creating timing violations and receives a large negative reward for its action. The agent, however, can receive a bonus reward in the future if the timing violation was fixed later by adjusting the clock arrival time of other registers, resulting in a broader spread in clock arrival distribution.
Safety and efficacy of short-term structured resistance exercise in Gulf War Veterans with chronic unexplained muscle pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Aims Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a primary condition of Veterans suffering from Gulf War illness. This study evaluated the influence of resistance exercise training (RET) on symptoms, mood, perception of improvement, fitness, and total physical activity in Gulf War Veterans (GWV) with CMP. Main methods Fifty-four GWV with CMP were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of RET (n = 28) or wait-list control (n = 26). Supervised exercise was performed twice weekly starting at a low intensity. Outcomes, assessed at baseline, 6, 11 and 17 weeks and 6- and 12-months post-intervention, were: pain, fatigue, mood, sleep quality, perception of improvement, and physical activity via self-report and accelerometry. Muscular strength was assessed at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks. Accelerometer data yielded estimates of time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. Analyses used separate linear mixed models with group and time point as fixed effects. All models, except for perceived improvement, included baseline values as a covariate. Key findings Participants assigned to RET completed 87% of training sessions and exhibited strength increases between 16 and 34% for eight lifts tested (Hedges' g range: 0.47–0.78). The treatment by time interaction for perceived improvement (F1,163 = 16.94, p 0.05). RET caused no adverse events. Significance After 16 weeks of RET, GWV with CMP reported improvements in their condition and exhibited increases in muscular strength, without symptom exacerbation or reductions in total physical activity.
Vpr shapes the proviral landscape and polyclonal HIV-1 reactivation patterns in cultured cells

Cell culture models suggest that the HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) is dispensable for latency establishment. However, whether Vpr affects the persistent proviral landscape and responsiveness to latency reversing agents (LRAs) is unclear. Here, integration site landscape, clonal dynamics, and latency reversal effects of Vpr were studied by comparing barcoded vpr+ and vpr- populations arising after infection of Jurkat cells in vitro. The results showed that individual integrant clones differed in fractions of LTR-active daughter cells: some clones gave rise to few to no LTR-active cells while for others almost all daughter cells were LTR-active. Integrant clones with at least 60% LTR-active cells (high LTR-active clones) contained proviruses positioned closer to preexisting enhancers (H3K27ac) and promoters (H3K4me3) than clones with <30% LTR-active cells (low LTR-active clones). Comparing vpr+ and vpr- populations revealed that the vpr+ population was depleted of high LTR-active clones. Complementing vpr-defective proviruses by transduction with vpr 16 days after infection led to rapid loss of high LTR-active clones, indicating that the effect of Vpr on proviral populations occurs post-integration. Comparing vpr+ and vpr- integration sites revealed that predominant vpr+ proviruses were farther from enhancers and promoters. Correspondingly, distances to these marks among previously reported intact HIV proviruses in ART-suppressed patients were more similar to those in the vpr+ pool than to vpr- integrants. To compare latency reactivation agent (LRA) responsiveness, the LRAs prostratin and JQ1 were applied separately or in combination. vpr+ and vpr- population-wide trends were similar, but combination treatment reduced virion release in a subset of vpr- clones relative to when JQ1 was applied separately, an effect not observed in vpr+ pools. Together, these observations highlight the importance of Vpr to proviral population dynamics, integration site landscapes, and responsiveness to latency reversing agents. One Sentence Summary Expression properties and responsiveness to latency reactivation agents of individual HIV-1 proviral clones within polyclonal populations are masked by dominant clones and influenced by proviral proximity to certain epigenetic marks and by Vpr, a viral factor not previously known to affect latency and reactivation.
Application of expert consensus to guide the vaccination of children with special health status

Vaccination of children with special health status has become one of the urgent difficulties to be solved in provinces or regions with high immunization planning vaccination rate. The relevant consensus opinions on vaccination compiled by different expert teams have been issued in China, which provides an important basis for vaccinators to scientifically understand the necessity of vaccination and to study and judge the safety and effectiveness of vaccination. Based on the author's experience of participating in the compilation of a series of consensus on vaccination for children in special health status, this paper discusses how to objectively understand the role of expert consensus and puts forward some suggestions on the wider application of consensus in the future.
Dialect or a New Language: A Possible Explanation of the 70% Mutual Intelligibility Threshold

In most cases, linguists have a consensus on when people from different regions speak two different dialects of the same language (and can, thus, understand each other reasonably well) or two different languages (in this case, their mutual intelligibility is limited). In most cases, this intuitive consensus corresponds to a 70% mutual intelligibility threshold: if at least 70% of the words from one region are understandable to people from another region, then these are two dialects, otherwise these are two different languages. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this 70% threshold. 1 Formulation of the Problem A dialect or a new language? People in different regions often talk somewhat differently. When this difference is reasonably small and we can still more or less understand each other, we say that these are two dialects of the same language. On the other hand, when communication is difficult, we say that people from these two regions speak different languages. A formal description of the difference: an empirical 70% threshold. In most cases, linguists reach a consensus on when the way people talk in a new region is a dialect or a new language. It turns out that in most cases, this consensus can be expressed in precise terms (see, e.g., [1] and references therein): • if 70% or more words from one region are understandable to speakers from the other region, then it is usually a dialect;
Inductively-overcoupled coil design for high resolution magnetic resonance imaging

Maintaining the quality of magnetic resonance images acquired with the current implantable coil technology is challenging in longitudinal studies. To overcome this challenge, the principle of 'inductive overcoupling' is introduced as a method to tune and match a dual coil system. This system consists of an imaging coil built with fixed electrical elements and a matching coil equipped with tuning and matching capabilities. Overcoupling here refers to the condition beyond which the peak of the current in the imaging coil splits. The combined coils are coupled inductively to operate like a transformer. Each coil circuit is electrically represented by equivalent lumped-elements. A theoretical analysis is given to identify the frequency response characteristics of the currents in each coil. The predictions from this analysis are translated into experiments and applied to locally image rat spinal cord at 9.4 T using an implantable coil as the imaging coil and an external volume coil as the matching coil. The theoretical analysis indicated that strong coupling between the coils divides the resonance peaks on the response curves of the currents. Once these newly generated peaks were tuned and matched to the desired frequency and impedance of operation, in vivo images were acquired from the rat spinal cord at high quality and high resolution. After proper implementation, inductive overcoupling provides a unique opportunity for tuning and matching the coil system, and allows reliable and repeatable acquisitions of magnetic resonance data. This feature is likely to be useful in experimental studies, such as those aimed at longitudinally imaging the rat following spinal cord injury.
Abstract 17184: CMR Derived Myocardial Mechanics in Patients With Systemic Sarcoidosis

Objective: To assess myocardial mechanics by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived strain in patients with biopsy-proven systemic sarcoidosis. Methods: We included 50 consecutive patients (age 51 ± 11 years old, 30 males) with biopsy-proven systemic sarcoidosis who underwent gadolinium-enhanced CMR for suspected cardiac sarcoid involvement. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was considered positive if showing an intramyocardial/subepicardial location with a nonischemic pattern. From cine images and using dedicated software (TomTec©), we quantified mean left ventricular (LV) longitudinal, radial, and circumferential peak strains as the average of 16 standard myocardial segments. We also randomly selected from our database 15 control subjects without structural heart disease (age 41 ± 11 years old, 5 males). Results: Both mean longitudinal strain (LS) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were lower in sarcoid patients than controls (-11.8 ± 7.3% vs. -18.1 ± 3.9%, p55%, n=32) mean LS was reduced compared to controls (-12.2 ± 7.8% vs. -18.1 ± 3.9% respectively, p=0.01; Fig 1B). There was no correlation between LVEF and mean LS (r=-0.11, p=0.65). We found no significant differences in circumferential or radial strains. LGE was present in 16 patients (32%). Sarcoid patients with LGE showed significantly less mean LS than those without (-8.5 ± 8.4% vs. -13.6 ± 6.4%, p Conclusions: In patients with systemic sarcoidosis, evaluation of cardiac mechanics with CMR detects myocardial dysfunction even in the presence of preserved LVEF. This is more pronounced in patients with positive LGE. The potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of CMR-derived myocardial strain in sarcoidosis deserves further investigation.
The Method Problem: An Essay in Honor of Beth Eisler

This essay was written as a memorial for Professor Beth Eisler, my colleague at the University of Toledo, who passed away far too soon in 2012. In her three-decade-long career in legal education, Professor Eisler shaped the lives of countless students and colleagues at Toledo, Wayne State, and the University of Baltimore and Michigan State University, where she taught as a Visiting Professor. Beth was unique in many ways. As a classroom teacher, she was one of the early adopters of an aggressive, problem-based approach to teaching legal analysis. Professor Eisler's advocacy for and exemplary employment of the problem method, now quite the vogue in legal education, stands as one of her distinctive legacies.
Trajectory Based Verification Using Local Finite-Time Invariance

In this paper we propose a trajectory based reachability analysis by using local finite-time invariance property. Trajectory based analysis are based on the execution traces of the system or the simulation thereof. This family of methods is very appealing because of the simplicity of its execution, the possibility of having a partial verification, and its highly parallel structure. The key idea in this paper is the construction of local barrier functions with growth bound in local domains of validity. By using this idea, we can generalize our previous method that is based on the availability of global bisimulation functions. We also propose a computational scheme for constructing the local barrier functions and their domains of validity, which is based on the S-procedure. We demonstrate that our method subsumes some other existing methods as special cases, and that for polynomial systems the computation can be implemented using sum-of-squares programming.
Improving crosstalk resilience with wavelength spacing in photonic crossbar-based network-on-chip architectures

Crosstalk noise can significantly reduce data transfer reliability in emerging photonic network-on-chip (PNoC) architectures. Undesirable mode coupling between photonic signals at microring resonators (MR) is the main cause of crosstalk in photonic waveguides. As emerging PNoC architectures employ dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) with multiple cascaded MRs, these architectures suffer from high crosstalk levels. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to this problem, by increasing the wavelength spacing between adjacent wavelengths in a DWDM waveguide to reduce crosstalk noise. Experimental results on two photonic crossbar architectures (Corona and Firefly) indicate that our approach improves worst-case signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to 51.7%.
Low dose intravenous infusion technique with ketamine. Amnesic, analgesic and sedative effects in human volunteers.

Summary Low dose ketamine is a relatively new technique. The recommended doses vary considerably. It was therefore decided to establish the minimum dose of ketamine required to produce satisfactory analgesia, sedation and amnesia in SO% of a population of adult volunteers. Twenty adult volunteers aged 20 to 42 years were the subjects of the stztdy. Twenty minutes following intravenous (iv) pre-treatment with 0.3 mg of atropine and 0.2 mglkgof diazepam each volunteer receiveda bolusof ketamine 1.0 mglkg iv followed by ketamine iv infusion at the rate of either 0.5 mglkglhour(l0 cases)orl.Omglkglhour (I0 cases). The grade of sedation was determined on a scale of 1-5 and the frequency of amnesia was assessed using visual memory cards. Analgesia was determined by pin prick. Diazepam alone produced no analgesia and only moderate degree of sedation. Ketamine produced satisfactory analgesia topin prick in both the groups. Ketamine bolus produced marked sedation for about 20 min followed by moderate sedation during iv infusion in both the groups. During the iv infusion of ketamine at arateof0.5rngikglhour the amnesiceflectsdeclinedto 207< in4Sminutes, whileduringinfusion of 1.0 mglkglhour the frequency reached a maximumat 5&60%. The minimumdose ofketamine required to produce amnesia inSOy< of thispopulation was therefore 1.0 mglkglhour after a bolus injection of 1.0 mglkg given iv.
Personalist Parties in the Third Wave of Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of Peru and Bulgaria

In this article, 1 we deploy the concept of personalism in a comparative study of two Third Wave democracies, Peru and Bulgaria. What factors explain the prevalence and success of personalistic parties? We analyze in rich detail the personalist parties that emerged in Peru and Bulgaria, focusing on the role of leaders and on parties' organizational development (or lack thereof). Adopting an institutionalist approach, we assess the impact of party regulation and financing, electoral rules, and domestic regime type (as well as international institutions) on these political entrepreneurs. We conclude that institutions did incentivize and constrain personalistic leadership, although other factors were also relevant. And while organized parties are now scarce in both countries, party politics in Peru is even more personality driven than in Bulgaria. En el articulo anterior, los autores exploraron el personalismo como concepto y marco teorico. (Se sugiere al lector previa lectura del articulo “Towards a Theory of Personalist Parties.”) En este articulo, Levitt y Kostadinova usan el concepto en un estudio comparativo de dos democracias de la tercera ola, Peru y Bulgaria. ?Cuales factores explican la prevalencia y exito de partidos personalistas? Los autores analizan a gran detalle los partidos peronalistas que emergieron en el Peru y Bulgaria, enfocandose en el papel de los lideres y el desarrollo (o falta del mismo) organizacional de los partidos. Bajo un enfoque institucionalista, los autores investigan el impacto de la regulacion de los partidos y sus finanzas, las reglas electorales, asi como el tipo de regimen domestico (y las instituciones internacionales), en estos lideres politicos. Se concluye que las instituciones si pueden incentivar o restringir el liderazgo peronalista, aunque otros factores tambien son relevantes. Y mientras que los partidos organizados son ahora escasos en ambos paises, los partidos en el Peru son mucho mas afectados por el personalismo que en Bulgaria.
ACOUSTIC-EMISSION AND FORCE SENSOR FUSION FOR MONITORING THE CUTTING PROCESS

Abstract An acoustic emission and force-based sensor fusion system involving pattern recognition analysis has been used to detect tool breakage, chip form and a threshold level of tool flank wear in turning. When normalized with the resultant force, the force components in the cutting, radial and feed directions were found to be highly sensitive to variables such as feedrate, material hardness, tool coating and tool wear, depth of cut, and speed in fractional factorial experiments. A three-dimensional analytical force model was extended to include the effect of flank wear in order to interpret the experimental findings. Subsequently, using an empirical bilinear relationship between the machining variables and forces, a filter was designed to eliminate the variable effects such that pattern recognition of tool failure under varying conditions was feasible. Results of the sensor fusion approach involving testing the system with the same data used in designing it when using AE and force signals indicate a 94% accuracy for sensing tool wear alone, whereas using only AE for detecting chip form and tool breakage indicate a 99 and 96% accuracy respectively.
Transmitting the signal of excess nitrogen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the Tor proteins to the GATA factors: connecting the dots.

Major advances have recently occurred in our understanding of GATA factor-mediated, nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR)-sensitive gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under nitrogen-rich conditions, the GATA family transcriptional activators, Gln3 and Gat1, form complexes with Ure2, and are localized to the cytoplasm, which decreases NCR-sensitive expression. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, Gln3 and Gat1 are dephosphorylated, move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, in wild-type but not rna1 and srp1 mutants, and increase expression of NCR-sensitive genes. ‘Induction’ of NCR-sensitive gene expression and dephosphorylation of Gln3 (and Ure2 in some laboratories) when cells are treated with rapamycin implicates the Tor1/2 signal transduction pathway in this regulation. Mks1 is posited to be a negative regulator of Ure2, positive regulator of retrograde gene expression and to be itself negatively regulated by Tap42. In addition to Tap42, phosphatases Sit4 and Pph3 are also argued by some to participate in the regulatory pathway. Although a treasure trove of information has recently become available, much remains unknown (and sometimes controversial) with respect to the precise biochemical functions and regulatory pathway connections of Tap42, Sit4, Pph3, Mks1 and Ure2, and how precisely Gln3 and Gat1 are prevented from entering the nucleus. The purpose of this review is to provide background information needed by students and investigators outside of the field to follow and evaluate the rapidly evolving literature in this exciting field.
The Seven Deadly Sins as a Pastoral Diagnostic System

This article presents the thesis that the schema of the Seven Deadly Sins was originally a pastoral diagnostic system that helped spiritual directors, monks, and priests, the psychotherapists of their day, to make differential diagnoses and prescribe treatment plans for the troubled faithful. This essay describes the work of Evagrius Ponticus, whose list of eight “evil thoughts” was one of the forerunners of the Seven Deadly Sins, and then goes on to describe the subsequent codification of the Seven Deadly Sins schema. The author speculates about what a fully developed diagnostic decision tree based on the Seven Deadly Sins with corresponding prescribed interventions might look like. The author then draws parallels to the recently released DSM-5, in particular to personality disorders and addictions. Finally, this essay offers a brief case to illustrate the differences in how a particular clinical entity might be viewed through the lenses of the DSM-5 and the Seven Deadly Sins.
Waste water deoxygenation at different temperatures

Abstract A large number of biochemical oxygen demands (BOD) determinations were conducted on a raw municipal sewage using the dilution technique and at incubation temperatures ranging from 2 to 40° C. At incubation temperatures of 20° C and above, BOD determinations were conducted at one-sixth, one-third, one-half, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days whereas, at lower temperatures, determination under one day were not conducted though these test runs were extended for much longer periods. The data were used to evaluate the first stage velocity constant, k, and ultimate demand, L, of the monomolecular deoxygenation expression and these in turn were related to temperature. It was also found that the deoxygenation kinetics could be more accurately described by a second order reaction rate equation than by the conventional first order or monomolecular equation.
Operators' wish list of cockpit map display features

A representative sample of Air Force operational units was surveyed with regard to their mission-specific mapping, charting and geodesy (MC&G) information requirements. Current human factors issues associated with use of MC&G data were documented as well as potential problems associated with the transition from paper to digital map displays. One of the products of this survey is a wish list of digital map display features and capabilities desired by the users.
A clinically relevant mouse model of human multiple myeloma

Comment on Tassone et al, page [713][1] In this issue of Blood, Tassone and colleagues describe a novel in vivo model of human multiple myeloma (MM) that relies on the engraftment of the IL-6–dependent human myeloma cell line INA-6 in a human bone marrow milieu implanted in SCID-hu mice. Because
Miscibility and mechanical properties of poly(ether imide)/poly(ether ether ketone)/liquid crystalline polymer ternary blends

Abstract This paper is concerned with a novel ternary blend composed of poly(ether imide) (PEI), poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP; HX4000, Du Pont). Different compositions were prepared by extrusion and injection moulding. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and the observation of the fracture surfaces, before and after annealing, allowed determination of the cold crystallization temperatures and miscibility behaviour of these systems. PEEK/PEI blends are known from previous studies to be miscible at all compositions. In this case it was observed that the PEEK/HX4000 blend was miscible up to 50 wt% HX4000 but partially miscible above this value. The PEI/HX4000 blends were found to be partially miscible in the whole concentration range. As a result, some ternary blend compositions exhibited only one phase, while others exhibited two phases. The measurement of the tensile properties showed that ternary blends with high modulus can be obtained at high LCP loadings, while compositions with high ultimate tensile strength can be obtained with high loadings of PEI or PEEK.
The Zhirinovsky electoral victory: Antecedence and aftermath

(1995). The Zhirinovsky electoral victory: Antecedence and aftermath. Nationalities Papers: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 767-778.
Ionization cross sections and secondary electron distributions

Abstract The importance of secondary electrons following primary bombardment by various ionizing radiations has been established in many recent studies. The present article is concerned with an improved and simplified analytical characterization of differential cross sections leading to secondary electrons following bombardment at a fixed primary electron energy. The improved form, which was first arrived at on the basis of atomic model calculations, permits us to describe phenomenologically the fall-off in the production of secondary electrons at low and at high energies more accurately. The integral over the secondary electron distribution gives the ionization cross section. Parameters for the differential ionization cross section are given for a number of important atomic and molecular species. The result should be useful in ionospheric studies and more general charged particle energy deposition studies.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SEED GERMINATION IN SALICORNIA PACIFICA VAR. UTAHENSIS

The halophyte, Salicornia pacifica var. utahensis (Tiderstorm) Munz produces seed under high salinity conditions, and deposits its seed on saline soil. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of salinity, temperature and growth regulators on germination. Results indicate that the seeds can germinate at very high salt concentration (5% NaCl). Germination was sensitive to the changes in temperature regimes. At higher 30-20 C, light-dark sequence, no germination occurred at 3, 4 and 5% NaCl treatments. On the other hand, 30% germination did occur at 5% NaCl treatment at a temperature regime of 15-5 C. These seeds required light for germination. Only 50% germination occurred in the non-saline control in the dark and the addition of NaCl further reduced germination. The GA3 partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of NaCl and darkness. Kinetin did not promote germination.
Quantification of carnitine and specific acylcarnitines by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to normal human urine and urine from patients with methylmalonic aciduria, isovaleric acidemia or medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

This paper describes the development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of free carnitine, total carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, isovalerylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine in human urine. Carnitine and acylcarnitines were isolated from 10 or 25 microliters of urine using 0.5-ml columns of silica gel, derivatized with 4'-bromophenacyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Using 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonio)-3-hydroxybutanoate ("e-carnitine") as the internal standard, standard curves (10-300 nmol/ml) were generated. Carnitine and acylcarnitines were quantified (when they were present) in normal human urine and the urine of patients diagnosed with one of three different disorders of organic acid metabolism: methylmalonic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria, isovaleric acidemia, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Lack of pre‐emptive analgesic effects of local anaesthetics on neuropathic pain

We investigated the significance of pre-emptive analgesia using a well-known model of neuropathic pain in rats. Lignocaine, bupivacaine or saline was applied locally to the left L5–L6 spinal nerve before or 4 days after nerve injury. Mechanical allodynia was then evaluated before and after injury. Pre- and post-injury treatment with local anaesthetics both resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the pain threshold, as manifested by a significant increase in von Frey measurements. However, this effect lasted only 24 h. Our study in rats questions the beneficial effect of a single dose of local anaesthetic as pre-emptive analgesia.
Source loyalty in organizational markets: A dyadic perspective

Abstract Although a widely prevalent practice among industrial buyers, relatively little is known about source loyalty. This article examines a number of definitional and conceptual issues in this area, and argues that loyalty is an attitudinal and behavioral response to the ongoing dynamics of buyer–seller interaction. As such, theory and practice will benefit from the adoption of a dyadic perspective on loyalty. Four dimensions of the buyer–seller dyad are discussed as they relate to source loyalty. A number of specific propositions are made regarding the nature and dyadic determinants of loyalty. The framework is then used to reexamine Wind's landmark study on loyalty. Suggestions are made for future research, and managerial implications are drawn.
Exponentiation in rings

1. EXPONENTLSL RINGS. Adding an element of a group to itself may be viewed as multiplying the element by two. Analogously, multiplying an element of a ring by itself may be viewed as raising it to the second power. Although the theory of groups with a multiplication (i.e., the theory of rings) is very well developed, there seems to be no axiomatized theory of rings with an exponentiation. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a formal setting for such a theory and to determine some of the properties of the resulting structures. Underlying the exposition are the general references [1, 2]. The natural numbers may be used as exponents for all the elements of any commutative ring. For the real numbers, there are more possibilities. For instance, re exists for all real numbers e and all positive real numbers r. With this in mind, we consider bases and exponents separately for the general case. Specifically, let R be a ring, let B (the bases) be a multiplicative subsemigroup of (R, * ) which does not contain 0, and let E (the exponents) be a semiring with unit element 1. (That is, (E, +) is a semigroup, (E, * ) is a semigroup with 1, and distributes over + from both the left and the right.) A binary operation B X E B c R ((b, e) be)
Evaluations of Self and Parent Figures by Children from Intact, Divorced, and Reconstituted Families

A total of 738 children in grades 5–8 from 14 school districts in Kansas voluntarily evaluated themselves, their mothers, and their fathers. The results of this study indicated that children from intact families tended to evaluate themselves and their parents more positively than those from divorced families. Children from remarried families, as opposed to children from nonremarried families, were found to evaluate themselves somewhat more positively, their fathers significantly more positively, and their mothers less favorably. Explanations are offered to account for these findings.
Tissue Characterization By Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Of The Brain

The time course of dynamic contrast enhancement of brain tissue depends on the intrin sic tissue characteristics of blood volume, blood flow and capillary permeability, as well as on the nature of the contrast medium and the time course of the contrast input. In the normal brain, conventional iodinated contrast media are confined solely to the vascular space of the tissue, i.e., they are non-diffusible indicators. In abnormal brain tissue, iodinated contrast will diffuse into the extravascular space as well, which will affect the time course of the enhancement. Stable xenon may also be used as a contrast medium; it approximates a freely diffusible contrast material. Analysis of dynamic iodinated contrast enhancement in rapid sequence computed tomography images of arterial vessels and corresponding parenchymal areas permits approximate correction for the input function, and thus allows an approximate calculation of blood volume and blood flow in normal and ischemic brain. Simple compartment analysis may also permit some characterization of the extravascular exchange of iodinated contrast in more abnormal brain tissue. Measurement of the time course of exhaled xenon concentrations can permit similar calculations for dynamic xenon enhancement.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NR4A Gene Expression Is Dynamically Regulated in the Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons and Is Related to Expression of Dopamine Neurotransmission Genes

The NR4A transcription factors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 (also known as Nur77, Nurr1, and Nor1, respectively) share similar DNA-binding properties and have been implicated in regulation of dopamine neurotransmission genes. Our current hypothesis is that NR4A gene expression is regulated by dopamine neuron activity and that induction of NR4A genes will increase expression of dopamine neurotransmission genes. Eticlopride and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) were used in wild-type (+/+) and Nurr1-null heterozygous (+/−) mice to determine the mechanism(s) regulating Nur77 and Nurr1 expression. Laser capture microdissection and real-time PCR was used to measure Nurr1 and Nur77 mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Nur77 expression was significantly elevated 1 h after both GBL (twofold) and eticlopride (fourfold). In contrast, GBL significantly decreased Nurr1 expression in both genotypes, while eticlopride significantly increased Nurr1 expression only in the +/+ mice. In a separate group of mice, haloperidol injection significantly elevated Nur77 and Nor1, but not Nurr1 mRNA in the VTA within 1 h and significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNA expression by 4 h. These data demonstrate that the NR4A genes are dynamically regulated in dopamine neurons with maintenance of Nurr1 expression requiring dopamine neuron activity while both attenuation of dopamine autoreceptors activation and dopamine neuronal activity combining to induce Nur77 expression. Additionally, these data suggest that induction of NR4A genes could regulate TH and DAT expression and ultimately regulate dopamine neurotransmission.
Laramide orogenic influence on late Mesozoic-Cenozoic subsidence history, western deep Gulf of Mexico basin

The deep part of the Gulf of Mexico basin, which is underlain by oceanic crust, has generally been regarded as a tectonically stable part of the basin since its formation by sea-floor spreading and thermal subsidence during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Subsequent subsidence is believed to have been caused mainly by thermal cooling and sediment loading. A backstripping study, however, has revealed a tectonic event in the western deep basin with tectonic-loading effect today. One possible explanation is Laramide fold-thrust loading along the western flank of the basin during ∼66-40 Ma.
Signal attenuation and box-counting fractal analysis of optical coherence tomography images of arterial tissue.

The sensitivity of optical coherence tomography images to sample morphology is tested by two methods. The first method estimates the attenuation of the OCT signal from various regions of the probed tissue. The second method uses a box-counting algorithm to calculate the fractal dimensions in the regions of interest identified in the images. Although both the attenuation coefficient as well as the fractal dimension correlate very well with the anatomical features of the probed samples; the attenuation method provides a better sensitivity. Two types of samples are used in this study: segments of arteries collected from atherosclerosis–prone Watanabe rabbits (WHHL-MI) and healthy segments of porcine coronary arteries.
A theoretical model for reverse water-level fluctuations induced by transient permeability in thrust fault zones

Abstract A numerical model was applied to simulate the poroelastic response to changes in fault permeability as a result of earthquakes. The ‘fault valve’ model describes faults as impermeable barriers for fluids except immediately after earthquakes, when fault zones are damaged and transient pathways for fluids are created. In this case the fault is viewed as a discharging well, draining fluids from the surrounding rock. The reverse water-level effect is characterized by the increase of water level in adjacent aquifers and aquitards, resulting from withdrawing fluids through a well. Theoretical calculations suggest that the reverse water-level effect exists also in earthquake cycling and is in the same order of magnitude as the co-seismic hydraulic head change. A significant rise of the hydraulic head (>1 m) occurs within the country rock from both sides of the fault. The rise of the water level takes months to years to occur, and perhaps that is why it cannot be easily distinguished from seasonal hydrologic changes observed in the field. The reverse water-level effect also propagates away from the fault at a rate of hundreds of meters per year, depending on the permeability of the country rock. In deep formations where the permeability is low, the propagation takes years. The magnitude of the reverse water-level effect is greater when the fault efficiently drains fluids, when it is highly permeable and slow to reseal.
Organosulfur compounds of garlic modulate mutagenesis, metabolism, and DNA binding of aflatoxin B1.

Abstract The effects of two organosulfur compounds of garlic (ajoene and diallyl sulfide) and a crude garlic extract on aflatoxin B, (AFB1)‐induced mutagenesis were determined using rat liver 9,000 g supernatant (S‐9) as the activation system and Salmonella typhimurium TA‐100 as the tester strain. The effects of these compounds on AFB, binding to calf thymus DNA were also measured. Metabolites of AFB1 were isolated and analyzed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. All these compounds inhibited S‐9‐dependent mutagenesis induced by AFB1. They also inhibited AFB1 binding to DNA. A significant decrease in organosoluble metabolites of AFB1 was observed with ajoene and garlic extract. An increase of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates was obtained with garlic extract. The results indicate that garlic compounds tested in this study are antimutagenic and, potentially, anticarcinogenic.
Mechanics of penetration and perforation

Abstract The various deformation mechanisms that occur when a projectile strikes a target at normal incidence are analyzed with the aid of a computer simulation program. An objective of the analysis is to identify the important material parameters in targets and projectiles that influence perforation.