cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barley varieties for finishing steers: I. Feedlot performance, in vivo diet digestion, and carcass characteristics.

Eighty Angus x Hereford steers (average initial weight 287 kg) were used in a 168-d finishing study to evaluate the effects of barley variety on feedlot performance, diet digestion, and carcass characteristics. The four treatments compared in this completely randomized design (four pens/treatment) were high-concentrate diets based on 1) corn, 2) Gunhilde barley (GUN), 3) Harrington barley (HAR), or 4) Medallion barley (MED). Steers consuming corn gained 10% faster (P <.01) than steers fed HAR, and HAR resulted in 8% faster ( P < .01) gains than GUN or MED. Dry matter intake was greater ( P <.01) for steers fed corn than for steers fed GUN, HAR, or MED, and HAR-fed steers consumed more than MED-fed steers. Efficiency (kilograms of gain/100 kg of feed) was higher (P <.05) for steers fed GUN, HAR, and MED than for corn-fed steers. Estimated NE m and NE g of barley varieties ranged from 2.32 to 2.51 Mcal of NE m /kg and 1.61 and 1.77 Mcal of NE g /kg. Carcass weight was greater ( P <.01) for steers fed corn rather than HAR and greater ( P < .01) for HAR-fed steers than for those fed GUN or MED. Quality grade was higher (P <.05) for HAR-fed steers than for steers fed corn, GUN, or MED. Steers fed corn had the highest (P <.01) digestible starch intake, followed by steers fed HAR, GUN, and, finally, MED, the same approximate ranking as for ADG. A diet based on Harrington barley resulted in greater DMI, ADG, and carcass quality grade compared with diets based on Gunhilde or Medallion barleys.
Analysis of Skeletal Lesions

This chapter comprises a quantitative analysis of skeletal lesions in the Gombe chimpanzees. I begin by comparing the skeletal sample with the living population of chimpanzees at Gombe as well as the population of chimpanzees from the Kasekela community who have died from 1960 to 2006. While the skeletal sample diverges from the living sample, there are several similarities between the skeletal sample and the death sample. Differences include that the skeletal sample includes more chimpanzees with a known cause of death. The chapter continues with a short analysis of arthropathy in a sample of 20 adult chimpanzees. The number of joints affected by degenerative disease increases with age. Next, I describe an analysis of dental lesions and related pathologies (n = 23 adult chimpanzees). I report how many chimpanzees are affected by dental lesions and results of tests for sex differences. Males have a statistically higher rate of dental caries than females, while no other lesion type demonstrated a detectable difference. The linear relationship between antemortem tooth loss and age was not significant, nor did the ages of chimpanzees with and without osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) differ statistically. The larger-scale analyses of skeletal lesions testing for sex differences, trends related to age, and differences between dominance rank categories examine a sample of 36 complete chimpanzee skeletons. Most animals are affected by skeletal trauma, pathology, or both. I report which body regions were most commonly affected by skeletal lesions, as well as the proportion of observed elements affected by lesions, and note several sex differences in lesion frequency. Age and traumatic lesions are related, but not in a simple, linear way. This is because traumatic lesion rate can depend on cause of death. Pathologic lesions, on the other hand, are strongly related to increased age. While there was some evidence that high-ranking males experience higher rates of skeletal trauma and pathology, the effect size of this relationship was smaller than the effect size for age. Chimpanzees accumulate skeletal lesions as they age, though the rate at which this happens is influenced by individual selective pressures. The chapter ends with a comparison of skeletal lesions in this sample from Gombe versus a chimpanzee skeletal sample from Kibale, Uganda. While there are broad similarities between the two samples, there are several significant differences likely driven by the limited samples. Because chimpanzees are a long-lived species, it is only possible to begin detecting patterns of skeletal lesions and the ways they are influenced by demographic categories after decades of study.
Real live data for CS courses

An increasingly popular context for teaching introductory Computer Science courses is that of working with "live" real world data: motivating CS concepts and programming using freely available online datasets, often substantial in size, from a wide variety of sources on the Internet. Several recent papers [1, 2, 3, 4], as well as the popularity of textbooks such as [5] that adopt real-world data for examples and exercises throughout, serve as indications that engaging students with such data sources may be a powerful experience that adds relevance to their introductory experiences in Computer Science.
Risk of Persistence and Progression of Use of 5 Cannabis Products After Experimentation Among Adolescents

Importance While a diverse array of cannabis products that may appeal to youth is currently available, it is unknown whether the risk of persistent cannabis use and progression to higher frequency of use after experimentation differs among cannabis products. Objective To estimate the comparative relative risk of experimental use of 5 cannabis products on use status and frequency of use among adolescents during 12 months of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, data were collected from 3065 adolescents at 10 high schools in southern California, with baseline data collected in spring 2016, when students were in 11th grade, and 6-month and 12-month follow-up surveys collected in fall 2016 and spring 2017, when students were in 12th grade. Analyses, conducted from April to June 2019, were restricted to 2685 participants who were light or nonusers of any cannabis product (ie, ≤2 days in the past 30 days) at baseline. Exposures Number of days of use of each cannabis product (ie, combustible, blunts, vaporized, edible, or concentrated) in the past 30 days at baseline (ie, 1-2 vs 0 days). Main Outcomes and Measures Past 6-month use (ie, yes vs no) and number of days of use in the past 30 days at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups for each product. Results Of 2685 individuals in the analytic sample, 1477 (55.0%) were young women, the mean (SD) age was 17.1 (0.4) years, and a plurality (1231 [46.6%]) were Hispanic individuals. Among them, 158 (5.9%) reported combustible cannabis use on 1 to 2 days of the past 30 days at baseline, 90 (3.4%) reported blunt use, 78 (2.9%) reported edible cannabis use, 17 (0.6%) reported vaping cannabis, and 15 (0.6%) reported using cannabis concentrates. In regression models adjusting for demographic characteristics and poly–cannabis product use, statistically stronger associations of baseline use with subsequent past 6-month use at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups were observed for combustible cannabis use (odds ratio, 6.01; 95% CI, 3.66-9.85) and cannabis concentrate use (odds ratio, 5.87; 95% CI, 1.18-23.80) compared with use of blunts (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.45-5.29) or edible cannabis (OR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.86-5.95) (P for comparison Conclusions and Relevance Cannabis control efforts should consider targeting specific cannabis products, including combustible cannabis and cannabis concentrate, for maximum public health consequences.
The benefits of volunteering

Abstract What are the outcomes or consequences of disaster volunteering? This chapter sums up the personal experiences of volunteering with perspectives from volunteers, aid recipients, emergency managers and volunteer coordinators, and communities. With an eye toward retaining volunteers for future service, the chapter then provides evidence-based guidance for volunteer retention.
The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Pain Interference in a Nationally Representative Sample: The Moderating Roles of Gender and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptomatology.

Background Prior research on alcohol consumption and pain has yielded inconsistent results regarding the directionality of effects for both consumption-to-pain and pain-to-consumption relations. The present study sought to examine directionality of these relations by testing bidirectional longitudinal associations between consumption and pain interference, a crucial aspect of pain that captures pain-related disability and has been regarded as a valuable measure of treatment outcome. In addition, this study explored possible moderation of these bidirectional longitudinal associations by gender and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptomatology. Methods Analyses included 29,989 current/former drinkers who were interviewed at both waves (2001 and 2004) of the U.S. National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Analyses used self-report data from both waves on past-year average daily volume of alcohol consumed and past-month pain interference (1 item from the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-Form Health Survey [MOS-SF-12]). AUDADIS-IV data from Wave 1 were used to index baseline AUD symptomatology (i.e., symptom count). Cross-lagged panel modeling and multigroup analyses were employed. Results Regarding the consumption-to-pain-interference relation, in general, higher baseline alcohol consumption was associated with lower subsequent pain interference at follow-up. However, among men with higher AUD-symptom counts, the opposite pattern emerged, with higher baseline alcohol consumption being significantly related to higher subsequent pain interference at follow-up. Regarding the pain-interference-to-consumption relation, higher baseline pain interference was significantly associated with lower subsequent alcohol consumption at follow-up, and no moderating effects were observed. Conclusions The distinctive patterns of the consumption-to-pain-interference relation observed among men with elevated AUD symptomatology suggest that this relation might be driven by different mechanisms across different groups of individuals. Specifically, the detrimental effect of alcohol on pain interference might emerge at relatively advanced stages of AUD among men, consistent with Koob's Dark Side of Alcohol Addiction theory in human research.
Update of endoscopic management of Crohn's disease strictures.

One of the most common complications of Crohn’s disease (CD) is the formation of strictures. Endoscopy plays a vital role not only in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and disease monitoring of CD, but also the delivery of effective treatment. The pur pose of this review is to update the endoscopic management of strictures in CD. Endoscopic therapy has provided minimally invasive treatment for CD. Commonly used endoscopic treatment modalities include balloon dilation, endoscopic stricturoto my, endoscopic strictureplasty, and endoscopic stenting. The pros and cons of these endoscopic treatment modalities are dis cussed. (Intest Res 2020;18:1-10)
What Does US Residency Application Consist Of

Getting into US residency for any international medical graduate requires meticulous planning. US residency application is one such thing that requires efforts from the candidates as it forms the blueprint of the candidate as seen by the programs. This chapter highlights the main components in a residency application and certain tips and pitfalls which the candidates have to be aware of.
The Modern Physical Exam – A Transatlantic Perspective from the Resident Level

Issue: The physical examination has been in decline for many years and poorer skills contribute to medical errors and adverse events. Diagnostic error is also increasing with the complexity of medicine. Comparing the physical examination in Ireland and the United States with a focus on education, assessment, culture, and health systems may provide insight into the decline of the physical exam in the United States, uncover possible strategies to improve clinical skills, and limit diagnostic error. Evidence: The physical exam is a core component of both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in Ireland. This is reflected by the time and effort invested by medical schools and medical societies in Ireland in teaching and assessing skills. This high standard of skills results in the physical exam being a key component of the diagnostic process and a gatekeeper to expensive investigations essential in a resource-limited health system such as Ireland. Use of the physical exam in the United States is hindered by the high-tech transformation of healthcare and a more litigious society. Known strategies to highlight the role of the physical exam in clinical practice include creating an evidence base to show that better physical exam skills improve outcomes, identifying accurate physical exam maneuvers, stressing the therapeutic alliance the physical exam brings to the patient encounter, and the incorporation of technology into the bedside exam. Implications: Contrasting the education and clinical use of the physical examination in the United States with Ireland allowed us to identify a number of strategies which could be used to promote the physical exam among learners in both countries. Highlighting simple and pragmatic physical exam maneuvers combined with evidence-based physical exam diagnostic data may renew confidence in the physical exam as a core diagnostic tool. Use of the hypothesis-driven approach may streamline a clinician's physical exam during a patient encounter, focusing on the key examination components and avoiding unnecessary and low yield maneuvers. The absence of assessment of physical exam skills using real patients in United States licensing exams communicates to learners that these skills are not important. However, steps to introduce a culture of assessment to drive learning are being introduced. One area Ireland could learn from the United States is incorporating more technology into the bedside exam. Enhanced physical examination skills in both countries could reduce reliance on expensive investigations and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Women’s Sexual Consent: Potential Implications for Sexual Satisfaction

Sexual consent may be associated with women’s sexual satisfaction and correlates of sexual satisfaction; however, this relationship is understudied. We conducted a review of research assessing women’s internal consent (i.e., feelings related to the decision to consent to sex), external consent communication, and their potential relationship with sexual satisfaction or correlates of sexual satisfaction. Relationship status may influence women’s internal consent, external consent communication, and sexual satisfaction. Women’s internal consent feelings, but not their external consent communication, appear related to sexual satisfaction. However, external consent communication used by women’s sexual partners is related with women’s own internal consent feelings. While preliminary findings from studies indicated that women’s internal consent feelings and their partners’ communication may influence their sexual satisfaction. Moving forward, researchers may consider more directly investigating the associations these consent constructs have with women’s sexual satisfaction. Research should also adopt more advanced and purposeful methodological designs to assess the relationship sexual consent has with sexual satisfaction.
Guerrillas and authoritarians: Partners in post-war polarization:

Despite a violent and extremist past, some armed rebel movements often abandon their arms and successfully contest power through elections. This paper seeks to understand the environmental factors ...
La diplomacia pública estadounidense en educación hacia indígenas mexicanos: actores políticos y construcciones sociales dobles

This article analyzes the political interests of institutions involved in three strategies of U.S. public diplomacy in education toward Mexican indigenous people: the itam-Stanford Summer Seminar, the University of New Mexico Indigenous Leadership Seminar, and the Strengthening Our Roots program by the U.S. Consulate General in Monterrey. The authors examined twenty-one documents and electronic materials and, to complement their data, sent questionnaires to eight respondents from the institutions involved in these programs. They applied Schneider, Ingram, and DeLeon’s framework of social construction to their analysis and concluded that the Mexican indigenous enjoyed a certain positive social construction, which meant that the institutions improved their reputation by supporting them. However, public diplomacy is more effective when the institutions involved have similar dual social constructions –that is, not only of the target population, but among each other. The results also reformulate the choice of alliances in educational public diplomacy.
Conclusion: Man into Wolf Revisited—The Method and Magic of the Combinatory Mind

This chapter looks back at Robert Eisler’s biography and his work across the disciplines of art history, religion, philosophy, and economics. It argues that there are two modes of thinking that Eisler employed: the first mode defined by its goal of determining the simplest laws and relationships underlying a complex phenomenon, and the second mode, specific to the study of religion, defined by its aim to subvert accepted understandings of a text by recovering suppressed voices preserved within it, often the voices of Jews or heretics. It concludes with a discussion of the “combinatory” method as conceived in linguistics and in the work of the thirteenth-century polymath Ramon Llull as a way to understand Eisler’s way of thinking and being in the world.
Preparing Developed Democracies for Long-Run Economic Slowdowns

Economic growth in the 19th and 20th centuries, following the Industrial Revolutions, was much faster than in preceding centuries. This unprecedented global growth coincided with the global proliferation of democracy, with some evidence for bidirectional causation. Macroeconomic forecasts have predicted slower economic growth in the 21st century--perhaps substantially slower--for structural reasons such as aging populations, slowdowns in innovation, and debt. Long-run effects of COVID-19 and climate change could further slow growth. Moreover, some sustainability scientists assert that slower growth, stagnation, or even de-growth is an environmental imperative. Whether slow growth is inevitable or planned, we argue that democracies should prepare for additional fiscal and social stress--some of which is already apparent. Focusing on developed democracies, we propose that preparations should include efforts to: (i) reduce inequality; (ii) socially integrate diverse populations and build shared identities; (iii) increase economic opportunity for youth; (iv) improve return on investment in taxation and public spending; (v) strengthen formal democratic institutions; and (vi) invest in improving non-economic drivers of subjective well-being. Many aspects of our analysis likely also apply to other types of societies besides developed democracies.
Degrees of Support: State Spending on Higher Education and Public Postsecondary Degrees across State Legislatures, 2005 and 2014:

U.S. state spending on higher education represents a sizable, but highly variable, portion of budget expenditures. Preliminary research supports a positive relationship between the percentage of st...
A Simulation Study on Warpage Analysis of Injection Moulded Plastic Part

A part to be injection molded is evaluated by simulation for warpage analysis. The plastic part is a supporting plate to be used in the oil filter and it’s made out of nylon material. The effect of various parameters from design to processing of plastic parts is considered and validated by simulation results. The research involved in this was designing mould, computer-aided engineering, simulation analysis, and determination of plastic part processing conditions.In this work PA66 (Grade name – Zytel 70G13HS1LNC010) material is used and the material contains 13 % of fiber. Fiber orientation is nothing but the distribution of plastic melt inside the cavity and it also plays important role in deciding the warpage of part.The effect of process parameters on part warpage is investigated from various aspects in comparison with the conventional runner system. Hot runner mould system with innovative cooling channel designs is good results-driven. Results of simulations reveal that elevated mould temperature reduces the unwanted freezing time during the injection phase and thus improves mouldability and enhances part quality. Under similar mould temperature conditions, the effect of process parameters on warpage decreases according to the following order, packing time, packing pressure, melt temperature, injection pressure, and cooling time respectively.
Temporally aware volumetric generative adversarial network-based MR image reconstruction with simultaneous respiratory motion compensation: Initial feasibility in 3D dynamic cine cardiac MRI.

PURPOSE Develop a novel three-dimensional (3D) generative adversarial network (GAN)-based technique for simultaneous image reconstruction and respiratory motion compensation of 4D MRI. Our goal was to enable high-acceleration factors 10.7X-15.8X, while maintaining robust and diagnostic image quality superior to state-of-the-art self-gating (SG) compressed sensing wavelet (CS-WV) reconstruction at lower acceleration factors 3.5X-7.9X. METHODS Our GAN was trained based on pixel-wise content loss functions, adversarial loss function, and a novel data-driven temporal aware loss function to maintain anatomical accuracy and temporal coherence. Besides image reconstruction, our network also performs respiratory motion compensation for free-breathing scans. A novel progressive growing-based strategy was adapted to make the training process possible for the proposed GAN-based structure. The proposed method was developed and thoroughly evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on 3D cardiac cine data from 42 patients. RESULTS Our proposed method achieved significantly better scores in general image quality and image artifacts at 10.7X-15.8X acceleration than the SG CS-WV approach at 3.5X-7.9X acceleration (4.53 ± 0.540 vs. 3.13 ± 0.681 for general image quality, 4.12 ± 0.429 vs. 2.97 ± 0.434 for image artifacts, P < .05 for both). No spurious anatomical structures were observed in our images. The proposed method enabled similar cardiac-function quantification as conventional SG CS-WV. The proposed method achieved faster central processing unit-based image reconstruction (6 s/cardiac phase) than the SG CS-WV (312 s/cardiac phase). CONCLUSION The proposed method showed promising potential for high-resolution (1 mm3 ) free-breathing 4D MR data acquisition with simultaneous respiratory motion compensation and fast reconstruction time.
Machine learning cutting force, surface roughness, and tool life in high speed turning processes

Abstract Machine learning approaches can serve as powerful tools in machining optimization processes. Model performance, including accuracy, stability, and robustness, are major criteria to choose among different methods. Besides, the applicability, ease of implementations, and cost-effectiveness should be considered for industrial applications. In this study, we develop Gaussian process regression models to predict three cutting parameters, the cutting force ( F c ), surface roughness (Ra), and tool lifetime (T), in high speed turning processes based on the cutting speed ( v c ), feed rate (f), and depth of cut ( a p ). The models are highly stable and accurate, and are thus promising as fast, robust, and low-cost approaches for cutting parameter estimations.
Integration of problem-based learning in elementary computer science education: effects on computational thinking and attitudes

This study investigated how a computer science (CS) problem-based curriculum impacted elementary students’ CS learning and attitudes. Four sixth-grade teachers and 200 of their students participated in the study. Researchers developed a CS curriculum in collaboration with the teachers, which consisted of two main units: (1) an introduction to block-based coding and (2) a problem-based learning (PBL) applied coding project. Overall, students significantly improved their knowledge of CT concepts after the introductory block-based coding lessons and retained that knowledge after completing the PBL activities approximately three months later. Results suggest that Event and Parallelism were challenging concepts for most of the students, whereas Loop and Sequence were easily grasped by most of the students. Further analysis based on prior knowledge levels revealed that the high-prior knowledge (HK) group outperformed the low-prior knowledge (LK) group on every measure. However, LK narrowed the gap of CT concepts after the introductory block-based coding lessons. Students also communicated relatively positive attitudes towards CS at the conclusion of the PBL unit. These results provide support for further exploring the integration of inquiry-oriented instructional strategies such as PBL to support CS instruction.
From Perception to Metaphor

In a fertile section of Sprachtheorie, Buhler constructed a heuristic model for understanding metaphor, specifying its connection with perceptual issues and with the continuing problem of abstraction. Buhler had noted that the formation of composites (Komposita) such as Holzlekonig and Holzlekonigin to denote two large trees in the Black Forest illustrates in their particularity the general procedure by which linguistic metaphors are formed (ST 342). Buhler’s point is that “every linguistic composite is metaphorical in some degree, and the metaphorical is no special linguistic manifestation” (ST 343), a statement echoing that of Quintilian’s that “paene omne dictum metaphora est.”
The two faces of interleukin 12: a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a key immunoregulatory molecule produced by antigen-presenting cells

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is produced by phagocytic cells, antigen-presenting cells and B lymphocytes in response to bacteria or intracellular parasites. IL-12 acts on T and natural killer (NK) cells inducing: production of cytokines, particularly gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma); proliferation; and enhancement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Early in infection, IL-12 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and induces IFN-gamma production by NK and T cells. IFN-gamma activates the phagocytes and increases their ability to produce IL-12. Unlike IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and transforming growth factor beta are negative regulators of the production and activity of IL-12. IL-12 sets the stage for the ensuing adaptive immune response by stimulating the generation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. It is likely that the balance between IL-12 (favouring a Th1 response) and IL-4 (favouring a Th2 response) determines the eventual outcome of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy during an immune response. HIV-infected patients have a deficient production of IL-12, even at early stages of the disease. However, exogenous IL-12 can improve the deficient immune responsiveness of these patients' T and NK cells in vitro, suggesting a possible role of the IL-12 deficiency in HIV disease pathogenesis and a potential therapeutic role of IL-12 both against opportunistic pathogens and HIV infection itself.
Almost periodic solutions for undamped nonhomogeneous delay-differential equations

We first establish a result giving conditions that certain undamped delay differential equations with almost periodic time dependence have unique almost periodic solutions. Using this result we obtain conditions that a second order scalar nonlinear delay differential equation with almost periodic forcing will have a unique almost periodic solution having saddle-type stability properties. These results use the method of averaging.
Synthesis of search algorithms from high-level CP models

The ability to specify CP programs in terms of a declarative model and a search procedure is instrumental to the industrial CP successes. Yet, writing search procedures is often difficult for novices or people accustomed to model & run approaches. The viewpoint adopted in this paper argues for the synthesis of a search from the declarative model to exploit the problem instance structures. The intent is not to eliminate the search. Instead, it is to have a default that performs adequately in the majority of cases while retaining the ability to write full-fledged procedures. Empirical results demonstrate that the approach is viable, yielding procedures approaching and sometimes rivaling hand-crafted searches.
Building the Blockade: New Truths in Survival Narratives from Leningrad

Dori Laub writes that "Testimonies are not monologues; they cannot take place in solitude"(1992:70-1). This is true not only in the sense that testimony implies both a testifier and a witness to that testimony, but also in the sense that testimony depends upon surrounding and connected texts for its meaning. Negotiating a place for witness narratives in the contextual framework of all things historical involves an array of strategies which the narrator must manipulate in order to be believed. The fate of witness testimony about the Blockade demonstrates that the realm of historical fact is a culturally constructed one susceptible to changes which may recalibrate the parameters of truthful witness testimony, and leave some survivors without the discursive tools to assert the reality of their past, lived experience.
Planar bianisotropic waveguides for application in microwave devices

Planar waveguide structures (microstrip and slotlines) using thin film substrates having bianisotropic constitutive relationships are presented. Propagation characteristics of the waveguide structure when biased with a DC magnetic field show field and power displacement towards one edge of the planar waveguide. This nonreciprocal nature of bianisotropic materials shows a potential for applications in microwave devices.
Non-Fermi-liquid states in a generalized two-channel Kondo model.

Using the numerical renormalization group method, we study a generalized two-channel Kondo model where the impurity has a quadrupole moment (pseudospin) and a magnetic moment (flavor). This model may be of relevance to the Ce ions in ${\mathrm{CeB}}_{6}$ and the Cu ions in cuprate superconductors. We find that the nontrivial fixed point of the two-channel Kondo model is unstable against flavor exchange coupling. The system flows to a non-Fermi-liquid fixed line. In the presence of a double tensor interaction, which breaks particle-hole symmetry, the system flows to a Fermi-liquid fixed line.
Elana Herzog: Four Projects for Spaces, 1996 to the Present

AbstractElana Herzog is a New York artist who uses household textiles and plastics in her sculptural and architectural interventions. Herzog's pieces range from a few inches in size to large-scale installations. In her projects, the accumulation, disintegration, modification, and reconfigurations of found material allow for multilayered readings that encompass formal and philosophical artistic tropes. In this article, I write about four of Elana's works from 1996 to the present. Throughout my analysis, I refer to art historical and textual examples that situate Herzog's work in relation to philosophy, psychology, materiality, painting, and architecture.
Discrete cloud structure on Neptune

Recent CCD imaging data for the discrete cloud structure of Neptune shows that while cloud features at CH4-band wavelengths are manifest in the southern hemisphere, they have not been encountered in the northern hemisphere since 1986. A literature search has shown the reflected CH4-band light from the planet to have come from a single discrete feature at least twice in the last 10 years. Disk-integrated photometry derived from the imaging has demonstrated that a bright cloud feature was responsible for the observed 8900 A diurnal variation in 1986 and 1987.
Adsorption and desorption studies of phospholipid at the air-water interface

Abstract The desorption and adsorption properties of phosphatidylserine (extracted from beef brain) at the air/water interface were studied through surface pressure measurements. The rate of dissolution of phosphatidylserine monolayer into the underlying water of natural pH is extremely slow at room temperature but increases rather suddenly around 40°C. This sudden increase of dissolution rate might be explained as the Kraft point phenomena analogous to the ionic surfactants. The energy of activation for the desorption processes of phosphatidylserine monolayer to the underlying water is calculated to be 28.6 kcal/mole from the temperature dependent characteristics of the dissolution rate. This is larger than the kT by a factor of about 50, but is good compared with the expected desorption energy 27.4 kcal/mole of amphiphiles of 39 carbon atoms which is calculated by applying Traube's rule.
Motor variability: within-subject correlations during separate and simultaneous contractions

To determine the similarity of motor variability in proximal muscles, young and elderly adults performed steady elbow flexor (EF) and knee extensor (KE) contractions separately (SEP; at 2.5, 30, and 65% of maximum) and simultaneously (SIM; at 2.5 and 30% of maximum), with (VIS) and without (NVIS) visual feedback. Between-muscle correlations of fluctuation amplitude (SD, CV of force), time-based cross-correlations (CC), force power spectra, and frequency-based coherence (COH) values were computed from the concurrent force records. Correlations of fluctuation amplitude ranged from r = 0.34 to 0.86 (P < 0.05) across forces, SEP/SIM, and vision conditions, but were absent for 2.5% NVIS. The relatively low CC values for SIM (r = 0.22–0.33) were stronger for elderly than young adults. The vast majority of the power in the force fluctuations was <4 Hz for all records. Weak COH peaks were only observed <2 Hz for elderly and between 3 and 4 Hz for young, and COH was slightly stronger for elderly below 3 Hz for the 30% MVC target force. The correlations in force fluctuation amplitude suggest that the EF and KE motor neuron pools similarly transform the oscillating synaptic input and may influence each other. The cross-correlations suggest the remote motor neuron pools are influenced similarly in time by a common source of excitation, perhaps more coherently for elderly adults at low frequencies.
SSDP1 gene encodes a protein with a conserved N-terminal FORWARD domain

I describe the characterization of mouse, human and chicken SSDP1 orthologs that encode a highly conserved protein with over 90% identity at the amino acid level. Structurally, the protein consists of a well-preserved FWD (FORWARD)-domain at the N-terminal end and a proline-, glycine-, methionine- and serine-rich sequence in the central and C-terminal regions. The FORWARD domain, comprised of three alpha-helices, is characterized by the presence of a FWD-box of unknown function conserved not only in vertebrates, but also in nematode, plants, fly and yeast. Human SSDP1 spans about 200 kb on the chromosome 1p31-p32 region and consists of 17 exons. The SSDP1 mRNA transcripts are distributed ubiquitously in adult human and mouse tissues.
Discussion of “an electron diffraction study of short-range order in quenched Ni4Mo alloy”

Abstract A close analysis of the quenched Ni4Mo diffraction patterns of Chevalier and Stobbs (C-S)[1] shows not only that their conclusions, critical of our previous work, are unsubstantiated but that their data in fact support the multi-microdomain model previously proposed by our group [2–4]. Weak diffraction effects, previously observed in particular diffraction patterns [2–4], were undetected by C-S[1] and this is attributed to the unnecessary use of thicker foils by the latter. We also emphasise that real space lattice imaging studies are more likely to resolve the physical nature of short-range order than conventional electron diffraction studies as performed by C-S.
Enhanced cell-surface stability of rescued DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by pharmacological chaperones.

Misfolded proteins destined for the cell surface are recognized and degraded by the ER-associated degradative (ERAD) pathway. Temperature-sensitive (TS) mutants at permissive temperature escape ERAD and reach the cell surface. Here, we examined a TS mutant of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ΔF508 CFTR, and analyzed its cell surface trafficking after rescue (rΔF508). We show that rΔF508 endocytosis is 6-fold more rapid (~30%/2.5 min) than wild-type (WT, ~5%/2.5 min) CFTR at 37°C in polarized airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o-). We also investigated rΔF508 endocytosis under two other conditions: at culture at permissive temperature (27°C) and following treatment with pharmacological chaperones. At low temperature, rΔF508 endocytosis slowed to WT rates (20%/10 min), indicating that the cell surface trafficking defect of rΔF508 is TS. Furthermore, rΔF508 is stabilized at low temperature; its half-life increases from 8 h at 27°C. Pharmacological chaperone treatment at 37°C corrected the rΔF508 internalization defect, slowing endocytosis from ~30%/2.5 min to ~5%/2.5 min, and doubled ΔF508 surface half-life from 2 to 4 hours. These effects are ΔF508 CFTR-specific, as pharmacological chaperones did not affect WT CFTR or transferrin receptor internalization rates. The results indicate that small molecular correctors may recapitulate the effect of permissive temperature, not only by rescuing ΔF508 CFTR from ERAD, but also by enhancing its cell surface stability.
A mechanism to induce ramsey pricing for natural monopoly firms

This paper considers a model with M independent natural monopoly firms. It then proposes a taxation/subsidy scheme that the regulator can implement to induce the M price-setting firms acting independently to jointly adopt Ramsey pricing. The scheme has the following desirable features: (1) The regulator needs only book-keeping data on quantities, prices, and profits; (2) The scheme induces cost-minimization behaviour; (3) The firms will not behave strategically; (4) At each step of the convergence process to optimum, each firm earns a non-negative return and welfare is improved.
Antimicrobial activity of some fatty acid derivatives

Twelve fatty acid amide or ester derivatives were screened for antimicrobial activity against a grampositive bacterium,Staphylococcus aureus; a gramnegative bacterium,Escherichia coli; a mold, eitherAspergillus flavus orA. species; and a yeast, eitherCandida albicans orTorula species. These compounds were adducts of unsaturated fatty derivatives in which the addends were hexachlorocyclopentadiene, thiolacetic acid, bromotrichloromethane, or O,O-diethylphosphorodithioic acid. All of the new compounds appreciably inhibited the activity of at least one of the test organisms, and most of them showed activity against all four types of organisms. The hexachlorocyclopentadiene adduct of 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl oleate was especially potent in this regard.
Ion-beam sculpting time scales.

A study of ion sculpting dynamics in SiO2 and SiN using periodically pulsed ion beams reveals material transport that depends strongly on the time structure of the pulsed beams. It is found that significant nanoscale matter transport can occur over second long time scales after the ion beam has been extinguished. A simple phenomenological model described the dynamics of ion beam sculpting in terms of two material time scales. The model accounts for the surprising observation of enhanced
Activation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinases in thrombin-induced brain tolerance.

Abstract Background: Our recent studies have shown that prior intracerebral injection of a low dose of thrombin attenuates the brain edema formation that results from either an intracerebral hematoma, an intracerebral injection of a large dose of thrombin or cerebral ischemia. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether thrombin-induced tolerance (thrombin preconditioning; TPC) is associated with activation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases. Methods: This study contained three parts. In the first, rats received an intracerebral infusion of either saline or one unit thrombin (the TPC dose) into the right caudate nucleus. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the rats will be killed and brains used to detect p44/42 MAP kinases activation using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In the second and third parts, rats received intracerebral infusions of either vehicle, one unit thrombin (TPC) or one unit thrombin and 5 nmol PD 098059. These rats were either killed to detect kinases activation after 24 h or received a second intracerebral infusion of five-unit thrombin 7 days later with brain edema being assessed after a further 24 h. Results: Western blot analysis demonstrated that p44/42 MAP kinases were activated in the ipsilateral basal ganglia after the intracerebral infusion of thrombin one unit. Cells immunoreactive for activated p44/42 MAP kinases were found in the ipsilateral basal ganglia and ipsilateral cortex. PD 098059, a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor, abolished thrombin-induced activation of p44/42 MAP kinases. TPC suppressed thrombin-induced brain edema while PD 098059 blocked this protective effect. The water contents in the ipsilateral basal ganglia 24 h after infusion of thrombin five units were 82.6±0.8%, 79.2±0.4% and 81.8±1.9% in the control, TPC alone and TPC plus PD 098059 groups, respectively. Conclusion: Thrombin can activate p44/42 MAP kinases within the brain and the protective effects of thrombin preconditioning on brain edema formation are related to this activation.
Abstract SY13-03: Signal pathways in prostate cancer stem cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA New therapeutic strategies are needed to treat prostate cancer as it progresses to the castration resistant stage following treatment with drugs to reduce androgen production or interfere with androgen receptor function. Genetic analyses of DNA alterations and RNA expression show that multiple pathways can be involved in this cancer progression. An understanding of the cellular components needed to initiate prostate cancer and sustain it during the process of metastasis may help to elucidate new pathways for therapy. We have developed techniques to transform mouse and human benign prostate epithelial basal stem cells and define them as one cell of origin which can respond to multiple stimuli to produce cancers which are capable of maturing to more differentiated cell types including luminal, squamous and neuroendocrine phenotypes. Different subtypes of cells with the properties of cancer stem cells capable of transplantation of the cancer phenotype have been defined. Current work is focusing on the activation of specific kinase driven pathways to provide new targets for therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. We previously demonstrated that castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissues exhibit increased tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that enhanced tyrosine kinase activity may contribute to advanced disease. To identify specific kinase activation patterns in metastatic CRPC, we utilized phospho-tyrosine peptide enrichment and quantitative mass spectrometry using tissue from CRPC patients obtained at rapid autopsy. Evaluation of these rare metastatic CRPC samples for tyrosine phosphorylation and kinases revealed activated SRC, EGFR, RET, ALK, and other targets. Importantly, these kinase activation patterns exhibited intrapatient similarity and interpatient heterogeneity implying clonal origins of these lesions. To evaluate the function of these kinases in metastatic CRPC, we are analyzing their role during specific steps of the metastatic cascade. We hope our approach will improve an understanding of the mechanistic role of kinase activation in prostate cancer and identify promising therapeutic strategies targeting non-mutated kinases for metastatic CRPC. Citation Format: Owen N. Witte. Signal pathways in prostate cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY13-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY13-03
An experimental evaluation of the PID controller represented by the delta operator

This study explores two digital PID controller representations: one using the shift operator and one using the delta operator. Both shift and delta-operator-based difference equations are derived from the continuously-designed transfer function. The difference equations reveal a numerical advantage of the delta operator in digital controls: its models are less susceptible to the limited range of numbers that can be represented in finite word-length conditions. The two controllers' abilities to compensate a dc-dc buck converter initial transient are compared through simulation and experimentation. The results demonstrate that the delta operator outperforms the shift operator when modeling a continuously-designed PID controller.
Identification of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-prohormone and its posttranslational processing in a transfected AtT20 tumoral cell line

By using an AtT20 cell line transfected with complementary DNA for preproTRH, we have identified the proTRH polyeptide precursor [26 kilodaltons (kDa)] and shown that this molecule gives rise to the proTRH derived sequences as determined by pulse-chase and trypsinization studies. The predicted proTRH precursor composed of 231 amino acids with 5 copies of a TRH progenitor sequence (Gln-His-Pro-Gly) and 7 other cryptic peptides was demonstrated by: 1) Western Blot analysis of an AtT20 cell extract with anti-pCC10 antibodies (an antibody that recognizes the intact prohormone as well as some intermediate products of processing); 2) Immunoprecipitation of the radiolabelled 26 kDa protein with anti-pCC10 followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis; 3) Gel filtration chromatography of the radiolabeled 26 kDa extracted from SDS-PAGE. 4) RIA with anti-pCC10 antiserum against peptides extracted from adult rat hypothalamus and olfactory lobe after SDS-PAGE. 5) Trypsiniza...
Propulsion for the lunar mission

The paper describes the selection process utilized by NASA during the conduct of the 90-day study of the mission set that is known as the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). It is directed specifically toward propulsion system definition and selection, with emphasis on the proposed Lunar Transfer Vehicle and the Lunar Exploration Vehicle. Results of trade studies show that selection cannot be readily made on the basis of engine performance alone, because the cost of launching hardware elements and the required propellant are very high. A decision must be made to use either life-cycle costs or annual program costs as the economic figure of merit, because they drive the selection in opposite directions.
Regional-scale deposition of sulfur dioxide by precipitation scavenging☆

Abstract Although sulfate ion is usually the predominant sulfur species found in natural precipitation, dissolved sulfur dioxide often appears as an important constituent as well. Despite this importance, however, relatively few measurements of sulfur dioxide in precipitation are available, owing primarily to difficulties involved in the sampling and preservation of this material. This paper describes sampling procedures for obtaining valid measurements of precipitation-borne sulfur dioxide and presents a method for estimating regional wet deposition rates. Trial calculations using this method are compared with observed values for the northeastern United States and these considerations are utilized to project future trends of total sulfur deposition.