cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Proton Irradiation in Zeolite-Y

Radiation effects on zeolite-NaY have been investigated by irradiation with a 500 keV H+ beam. The crystalline-to-amorphous transition occurs at a total dose equivalent to an ionizing energy deposition of 3×1010Gy and a displacement damage level of 0.05 dpa. The ion exchange capacity of the irradiated zeolite-NaY with 10 mN SrCl2 or 10 mN AgNO3 solutions varies with the extent of the damage to the crystalline structure. After 25 hours of exchange, the Sr concentration in the amorphous region is nearly zero. This result shows that radiation-induced amorphization can cause a significant loss in ion exchange capacity. The data also suggest that the radiation damage by proton radiation in zeolite-NaY is through both ionizing and displacement processes. The result from Ag-exchange reaction with the irradiated zeolite suggests that higher radiation dose is required to block the penetration of Ag into the supercages. The Ag concentration (∼3 at.%) in the fully damaged region suggests that the cations in the small cages are still exchangeable even when amorphization has been achieved.
ATR Kinase Inhibition Protects Non-cycling Cells from the Lethal Effects of DNA Damage and Transcription Stress

ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-3-related) is a protein kinase that maintains genome stability and halts cell cycle phase transitions in response to DNA lesions that block DNA polymerase movement. These DNA replication-associated features of ATR function have led to the emergence of ATR kinase inhibitors as potential adjuvants for DNA-damaging cancer chemotherapeutics. However, whether ATR affects the genotoxic stress response in non-replicating, non-cycling cells is currently unknown. We therefore used chemical inhibition of ATR kinase activity to examine the role of ATR in quiescent human cells. Although ATR inhibition had no obvious effects on the viability of non-cycling cells, inhibition of ATR partially protected non-replicating cells from the lethal effects of UV and UV mimetics. Analyses of various DNA damage response signaling pathways demonstrated that ATR inhibition reduced the activation of apoptotic signaling by these agents in non-cycling cells. The pro-apoptosis/cell death function of ATR is likely due to transcription stress because the lethal effects of compounds that block RNA polymerase movement were reduced in the presence of an ATR inhibitor. These results therefore suggest that whereas DNA polymerase stalling at DNA lesions activates ATR to protect cell viability and prevent apoptosis, the stalling of RNA polymerases instead activates ATR to induce an apoptotic form of cell death in non-cycling cells. These results have important implications regarding the use of ATR inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy regimens.
Specifying confidentiality

I would like to start my tenure as editor of the Logic Column by thanking Jon Riecke, who has edited this column since 1998. The Logic Column serves as a showcase of the many connections between logic and computer science. Logic has been connected with computer science since the early days of Turing. In the past few decades, logical methods have had a considerable impact. To get a sense of the range of applications, consider the 2001 NSF/CISE Workshop on The Unusual Effectiveness of Logic in Computer Science (see http: //www. cs. rice. edu/~vardi/logic/). An article derived from the workshop appeared in the Bulletin of Symbolic Logic [Halpern et al. 2001], and it is an exceedingly good read. If you get a copy of that issue of the Bulletin, make sure to also have a look at the article by Buss et al. [2001], which discusses the current state of mathematical logic.
Vertical Exchange Quality and Performance: Studying the Role of the Sales Manager

Vertical Exchange Theory was introduced by Castleberry and Tanner (1986) as an integrative framework of the process by which sales managers and salespeople interact. This paper presents the results of two studies that explore propositions of the Vertical Exchange Theory. The findings have implications regarding traditional methods of sales research. These implications and implications concerning Vertical Exchange Theory are discussed.
Age and automation interact to influence performance of a simulated luggage screening task

Introduction: An experiment examined the impact of automation on young and old adults' abilities to detect threat objects in a simulated baggage-screening task. Method: Younger and older adult participants viewed X-ray images of cluttered baggage, 20% of which contained a hidden knife. Some participants were provided an automated aid with a hit rate of 0.90 and a false alarm rate of 0.25. The aid provided assistance to participants in one of three forms: a text message that appeared before the stimulus image; a text message that appeared following the stimulus image; or a spatial cue concurrent with the stimulus image. Control participants performed the task with no assistance from an aid. Results: Spatial cuing improved performance for both age groups. Text cuing improved young adults' performance, but had no benefit for older participants. Effects were similar whether the text cue preceded or followed the search stimulus itself. Discussion: Results indicate that spatial cuing rather than text alerts may be more effective in aiding performance during a baggage screening task and such benefits are likely to occur regardless of operator age.
Honor society membership retention strategies: Promoting membership benefits from induction through transition to professional practice

Being a member of an honor society is a long held tradition for recognition of student academic success. Honor societies have numerous benefits that include not only a level of prestige, but opportunities for continuing education, and networking for professional career advancement. The growth of online learning and education has changed the classroom to a virtual environment where a student’s learning achievement may go unrecognized since many honor societies tend to focus on traditional in class students. Recognizing the importance of an honor society and the need for a continued custom to acknowledge student excellence, a small private university in Southwestern Pennsylvania created a virtual nursing honor society that has become a chapter within an international honor society. This honor society chapter encompasses both online and on ground learners. Although a positive asset to students, the chapter has encountered challenges with membership retention after degree completion. Honor society membership retention is possible and enhanced by offering members tangible benefits. Retaining student membership in an honor society can significantly impact professional development as they transition to and grow within nursing practice. This is accomplished through contribution to knowledge development and use of evidence based practice. Therefore, the premise of this article is to share the strategies used by the honor society chapter and identify future recommendations for membership sustainability. The strategies presented in this article are applicable to both new and established honor societies, and professional organizations experiencing membership attrition.
Comparison of Airborne Microflora Collected by the Andersen Sieve Sampler and RCS Sampler in a Dairy Processing Plant

The performance of a Reuter centrifugal air sampler (RCS sampler) was compared with that of an Andersen 6-stage sieve sampler (Andersen impactor) to determine the suitability of the RCS sampler for monitoring airborne microflora in dairy processing plant environments. The types of microorganisms recovered from non-mold colony forming particles using the Andersen impactor and the RCS sampler were different at each location and trial. When selected Gram positive cocci and Gram negative rods were classified using Staph track and API 20E System, respectively, results indicated that the type of bacteria collected using each sampler was similar, though the percentage distributions were different. In addition, bacterial types were not consistently associated with different size particles. The RCS sampler was able to recover most bacterial types since these types were distributed over various particle sizes. When airborne fungi were collected, the RCS sampler recovered significantly lower amounts than that of Andersen impactor. The RCS sampler is suitable for use when approximate concentration of non-mold airborne particles, or relative degree of air cleanliness information is needed.
Effect of Cyclic Irrigation on Growth of Magnolias Produced Using Five In-ground Systems

Abstract Five in-ground systems were evaluated based on shoot growth and marketability for the production of 2.17 m (7 ft) tall and 5.08 cm (2 in) trunk diameter Magnolia grandiflora cv. ‘Symmes Select’. Systems evaluated were Root Control Bags, Geo-Cell bags, and #25 containers in pot-in-pot in Experiment 1, and Agro-liners in socket pots and directly in-ground in Experiment 2. Each system was either cyclically irrigated or given a single irrigation event daily. In Experiment 1, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of height growth and trunk diameter compared to a single irrigation. Trees in Root Control Bags and pot-in-pot grew at a similar rate and faster than those in Geo-Cell bags. Faster growth rates with cyclic irrigation resulted in earlier marketability compared to single irrigation daily, except for pot-in-pot. In Experiment 2, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of trunk diameter growth, and Agro-liners in pots had greater height and trunk diameter growth rates than those directly in ground. T...
Abstract 2647: Anti-tumor activity of sHA8k, a HYAL1 hyaluronidase inhibitor, in bladder cancer cells

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Tumor cell-derived hyaluronidase HYAL1, which degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) into angiogenic fragments, promotes tumor growth and metastasis. HYAL-1 is an independent prognostic marker for predicting metastasis. Small molecular mass sulfated hyaluronic acid (sHA) derivatives (sHA8k) inhibit HYAL1 activity through a mixed inhibition mechanism. Antitumor activity of sHA8k and mechanism of action was evaluated in BCa models.. METHODS: Effect of sHA8k (0-40 ug/ml) on cell proliferation and apoptosis was examined in BCa cells (253J-Lung, HT1376, UMUC-3, T24, RT4) by cell counting and Cell Death ELISA kit. Matrigel invasion and Boyden chamber assays were used to test the effect of sHA8k on invasive activity. Effect of sHA on signaling, apoptosis cascade, HA receptor (CD44, RHAMM), EMT markers (β-catenin, E-cadherin, Snail, Twist) levels, was evaluated by Q-pCR and immunoblotting assays. Angiogenic fragment addition and mAkt transfection were performed to elucidate mechanism of action. Athymic mice bearing 253J-Lung xenografts were treated with sHA (25 and 50 mg/kg) by i.p. injection. RESULTS: sHA8k inhibited proliferation, motility and invasion in BCa cells that expressed HYAL-1. At IC50 for HAase activity inhibition (∼ 20-μg/ml), sHA induced > 3-fold apoptosis and inhibited invasive activity of BCa cells. sHA8k induced caspase-3, -8, -9 activation, up-regulation of Fas, Fas-L, FADD, DR4, DR5 and E-cadherin. sHA8k downregulated CD44, RHAMM, bcl-2, phospho(p)-Akt, pGSK3β, pβcatenin(ser552), snail and Twist expression. Effect of sHA8k were attenuated by angiogenic HA fragments or overexpression of m-Akt and downregulation of CD44 and RHAMM mimicked sHA8k effects. sHA significantly inhibited 253J-Lung xenograft growth. The majority of the animals did not form palpable tumors at 50-mg/kg dose. No weight loss or serum and organ toxicity was observed in sHA treated animals. Biochemical analysis of tumors also showed the same alterations in Akt and EMT pathways as observed cell culture. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that shows sHA8k, a small molecular mass HYAL-1 inhibitor has potent antitumor activity. Support: R01 CA 72821-14 (VBL) Citation Format: Andre R. Jordan, Juan Chipollini, Luis Lopez, Travis Yates, Vinata Lokeshwar. Anti-tumor activity of sHA8k, a HYAL1 hyaluronidase inhibitor, in bladder cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2647. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2647
Clinical Research Involving Pregnant Women Seeking Abortion Services: United States Perspectives

Many pregnant women have induced abortions. Women seeking abortion are appropriate participants in clinical research requiring embryonic or foetal tissue, research with known risks to a foetus, and research designed to improve induced abortion methods. Critics of clinical research at the time of abortion are concerned that research opportunities will influence women’s abortion decisions, help women ‘rationalise’ their abortion, or exploit their vulnerability. I reject these arguments because they are largely based on stigma and negative stereotypes about women and abortion providers. However, economic and racial justice issues must be considered, since low-income women and women of colour disproportionately experience unintended pregnancy and abortion. I conclude that research regulations, and Institutional Review Board interpretations of them, should reflect knowledge gaps and reproductive justice values, rather than stigma, stereotypes and politics. Concerns about clinical research at the time of abortion must be considered alongside the potential harms of not doing such research.
P-361 : Applying STARD criteria to the laparoscopic identification of endometriosis

2. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Clin Chem. 2003;49(1):1-6. 3. Batt RE, Smith RA, Buck GM, Naples JD, Severino MF. A case series peritoneal pockets and endometriosis: rudimentary duplications of the Mullerian system. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol. 1989;2:47-56. 4. Batt R, Mitwally MF. Endometriosis from thelarche to midteens: pathogenesis and prognosis, prevention and pedagogy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2003;16(333-347). 5. Rennie D. Improving reports of studies of diagnostic tests. JAMA. 2003;289(1):89-90.
Optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide films near their laser damage threshold

In this study, we investigated whether the optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) films are degraded under laser irradiation below their laser ablation threshold. While performing multi-pulse laser damage experiments on a single ITO film (4.7 ns, 1064 nm, 10 Hz), we examined the optical and electrical properties in situ. A decrease in reflectance was observed prior to laser damage initiation. However, under sub-damage threshold irradiation, conductivity and reflectance of the film were maintained without measurable degradation. This indicates that ITO films in optoelectronic devices may be operated below their lifetime laser damage threshold without noticeable performance degradation.
The OWLeS IOP2b Lake-Effect Snowstorm: Shoreline Geometry and the Mesoscale Forcing of Precipitation

AbstractLong-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) lake-effect precipitation systems that form when the flow is parallel to the long axis of an elongated body of water frequently produce intense, highly localized snowfall. Conceptual models of these LLAP systems typically emphasize the role of thermally forced land breezes from the flanking shorelines, with low-level convergence and ascent centered near the lake axis. In reality, other factors such as shoreline geometry and differential surface roughness can strongly influence LLAP systems. Here a WRF Model simulation is used to examine the mesoscale forcing of lake-effect precipitation over Lake Ontario during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. In the simulation, the large-scale flow, shoreline geometry, and differential surface heating and roughness contribute to the development of three major airmass boundaries. The first is a land-breeze front that forms along a bulge in the south shoreline between St. Catharines, Ontario, Can...
Physical principles for DNA tile self-assembly

DNA tiles provide a promising technique for assembling structures with nanoscale resolution through self-assembly by basic interactions rather than top-down assembly of individual structures. Tile systems can be programmed to grow based on logical rules, allowing for a small number of tile types to assemble large, complex assemblies that can retain nanoscale resolution. Such algorithmic systems can even assemble different structures using the same tiles, based on inputs that seed the growth. While programming and theoretical analysis of tile self-assembly often makes use of abstract logical models of growth, experimentally implemented systems are governed by nanoscale physical processes that can lead to very different behavior, more accurately modeled by taking into account the thermodynamics and kinetics of tile attachment and detachment in solution. This review discusses the relationships between more abstract and more physically realistic tile assembly models. A central concern is how consideration of model differences enables the design of tile systems that robustly exhibit the desired abstract behavior in realistic physical models and in experimental implementations. Conversely, we identify situations where self-assembly in abstract models can not be well-approximated by physically realistic models, putting constraints on physical relevance of the abstract models. To facilitate the discussion, we introduce a unified model of tile self-assembly that clarifies the relationships between several well-studied models in the literature. Throughout, we highlight open questions regarding the physical principles for DNA tile self-assembly.
Política y Posibilidad en el Maquiavelo de Althusser

La lectura de El Principe de Maquiavelo por parte de Althusser, parece revelar en el seno de la tension virtud-fortuna, una falta de consecuencias sistematicas del despliegue teorico sobre lo politico. Asi, lo politicamente posible se redefine incesantemente, lo cual es diametralmente opuesto a una Posibilidad Politica construida sobre la semantica de Mundos Posibles. En este contexto, el articulo se centrara en dicha contraposicion para intentar dilucidar la propia Posibilidad Politica
Convex LPV synthesis of estimators and feedforwards using duality and integral quadratic constraints

Summary A method is presented for synthesizing output estimators and disturbance feedforward controllers for continuous-time, uncertain, gridded, linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Integral quadratic constraints are used to describe the uncertainty. Since the gridded LPV systems do not have a valid frequency-domain interpretation, the time domain, dissipation inequality approach is followed. There are 2 main contributions. The first contribution is that a notion of duality is developed for the worst-case gain analysis of uncertain, gridded LPV systems. This includes notions of dual LPV systems and dual integral quadratic constraints. Furthermore, several technical results are developed to demonstrate that the sufficient conditions for bounding the worst-case gain of the primal and dual uncertain LPV systems are equivalent. The second contribution is that the convex conditions are derived for the synthesis of robust output estimators for uncertain LPV systems. The estimator synthesis conditions, together with the duality results, enable the convex synthesis of robust disturbance feedforward controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a numerical example.
Aggression, Noxiousness, and Brain Stimulation in Unrestrained Rhesus Monkeys

Although there are numerous reports of intra- and inter-species aggression elicited by electrical brain stimulation (Adams, 1968; Akerman, 1966; Delgado, 1955, 1966, 1968; Delgado et al., 1968; Heath, Monroe, & Mickle, 1960; Hess, 1957; Holst & Paul, 1962; Phillips, 1964; Roberts, Steinberg, & Means; Wassman & Flynn, 1962), there has been little research (Adams & Flynn, 1966) on the relationship between evoked aggression and reinforcing properties of the electrical brain stimulation (EBS). By determining the reinforcing properties of EBS, it is possible to differentiate between, what we have called, primary and secondary aggression. Primary aggression could be elicited by EBS through cerebral mechanisms which are independent of aversive sensations. Secondary aggression could be elicited by EBS or peripheral stimuli which first produce noxious sensations which subsequently cause aggression. This distinction is important because secondary aggression has been elicited by peripheral shock in hamsters and several strains of rats (Ulrich, 1966; Ulrich & Azrin, 1962), cats (Ulrich, Wolff, & Azrin, 1964) pigeons (Reynolds, Catania, & Skinner, 1963), and monkeys (Azrin, Hutchison, & Hake, 1963).
Long pulse operation of a high power microwave source with a metamaterial loaded waveguide

We present the design and the experimental results of a metamaterial (MTM) based backward wave oscillator (BWO). The electron beam propagates through a waveguide loaded with two MTM plates, with the design of one plate being the reverse of the second plate. The design mode is a fundamental hybrid deflecting mode at 2.4 GHz with a negative group velocity. CST PIC simulations predict megawatt level output power with a helical beam trajectory, indicating the Cherenkov-cyclotron type interaction. In the experiment, microsecond long microwave pulses at a power level of up to 2.9 MW were generated by an electron beam with a beam voltage of up to 490 kV and current of 84 A.
Criticism and Theory of Arabic SF

This chapter undertakes an examination of Arab perspectives on Arabic SF (ASF), in conjunction with Western perspectives on the genre, in order to construct a theoretical apparatus for ASF. The chapter begins with the situation commonly called “diglossia”: the language in which literature is written is significantly different from the language(s) people speak. ASF, therefore, always already has an archaic feel, even if it’s written about the future: this colors readers’ reactions to the genre. The chapter next surveys extant works of criticism of ASF by Arabic literary critics, whose preoccupations are rather different from those of Western critics of Western SF. As we move into the twenty-first century, Arab critics’ perspectives begin to address SF theory from the West, but maintain their own terms and structure. The final section of the chapter assembles a theoretical apparatus through which the close readings of formative novels will function. The primary feature of this apparatus will be what I term double estrangement: along with its surface narrative, a work of ASF may also contain a level of political or social critique, and another level wherein it critiques the lack of scientific/technological development or social/moral change within contemporary Arab societies.
Home management of cats and dogs with diabetes mellitus. Common questions asked by veterinarians and clients.

Home management of the insulin-dependent diabetic pet can be confusing and frustrating for many pet owners. This aricle addresses many of the common concerns of pet owners, as well as issues of interest for the veterinarian regarding insulin therapy and client communication.
Scenario-Based approach for robust modular design generation

Abstract One of the important considerations in plant design is to be able to accommodate changing product demands of future markets. Competing markets makes a high degree of market adaptation and orientation necessary. This paper presents a standardized module-based approach to integrate the data-analysis and robust design optimization stages, that have been traditionally performed separately, to generate a set of designs that span the entire demand space in an cost-optimal fashion, thus resulting in significant economic savings for both the manufacturers and the customers. A case study of design of a reactor-separator system is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Instabilities Introduced by a Point Source on a Conical Body at Mach 6: Stability Analysis and Experimental Implementation

The instability region of the hypersonic flow past a cone is of considerable theoretical and experimental interest because of the prevalence of this geometry in many practical situations. On flight vehicles this region is marked by large changes in heat transfer and in skin friction drag, due to the boundary layer change from laminar to turbulent state. In spite of its importance, only a few stability experiments (Stetson and Kimmel, 1992) of cone boundary layers have been conducted to provide information on the unstable frequencies and disturbance growth rates at hypersonic Mach numbers. These few stability experiments, in which the disturbance growth is measured, are in sharp contrast to the large number of transition experiments in which only a transition Reynolds number is measured. The latter experiments provide no details of the transition phenomena nor of the disturbance mechanisms which cause the transition. This knowledge is necessary to define the instabilities and their interactions, to assist in modeling of the instabilities, and to compare experimental data with theory.
Anoxic, Zero-Headspace Titrations of Landfill Leachate

Leachate samples from an operating landfill were sampled periodically using a closed-system anoxic technique to avoid exposure of leachate to air. Anoxic, zero-headspace titrations were then performed on these samples. Buffering capacity results show the importance of this technique in proper characterization of leachate in-situ. Results, and their comparison to predicted curves using SURFEQL, a multiple-component chemical equilibrium program, enable identification and quantification of some buffering components, but buffering components around pH's 5 and 8 have not been conclusively identified or modelled.
Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety Disorders in Adolescent and Adult Males with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome.

Anxiety disorders affect ~ 15–20% of youths without neurodevelopmental disorders, with persons having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS) at elevated risk for anxiety disorders. Few studies have compared rates and predictors of anxiety disorders in adolescents with FXS or ASD. This study directly compares rates, predictors, and medication of anxiety disorders between age-matched, male adolescents with FXS (n = 31) or ASD (n = 20). Results indicate that 51.6% of FXS and 50.0% of ASD adolescents met criteria for an anxiety disorder. Cognitive scores and ASD severity did not predict anxiety. Of those with anxiety, ~ 40% of the FXS and 20% of the ASD participants were prescribed medications for anxiety.
Systems Thinking in Museums: Theory and Practice, edited by Yuha Jung and Ann Rowson Love, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, 247 pp., $40.00, ISBN: 978-1-4422-7924-7

In the mid-1990s, the then-director of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art offered two pieces of advice to my graduate cohort in art museum education at the University of Kansas: (1) If you accept a po...
Short Circuit Fault Location in DC Power Network Using Intelligent SiC Solid-State Circuit Breaker

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a digital-controlled, SiC MOSFET based, self-powered, autonomously operated 380V/20A solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) that offers the capability to identify the location of a short circuit fault in addition to the basic fault current interruption function. The SSCB is based on the concept of operating a buck converter using tri-mode control strategy: ON, OFF, and PWM Current Limiting (PWM-CL). The SSCB can conduct current in ON state, while interrupt current in OFF state. The SSCB will enter the PWM-CL state before switch to OFF state when there is a short circuit fault. In PWM-CL state, we propose an algorithm that first extracts the inductance between the SSCB and the fault location by injecting voltage pulses into the DC power network and measuring its response, and then calculates the distance using the known per-unit inductance value of the power line. The paper has proposed a method to choose the frequency of voltage pulses. The paper analyzes the inductance calculation error for different fault locations and shorting resistances. The concept is verified by simulation and experiment using a new SSCB prototype.
Mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerol fractionation from Chlorella sp. using supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract Extraction of unsaturated triacylglycerols from microalgae is important towards the viability of a sustainable biorefinery. Supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract and enrich the mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerols using a step-wise extraction scheme where the supercritical carbon dioxide density was increased from 450 to 550 to 750 mg/ml over a total of 170 min. At the lowest density of 450 mg/ml, saturated fatty acid triacylglycerols comprised 88% (mol) of the extract while mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerols were over 60% and 80% (mol) at 550 and 750 mg/ml supercritical carbon dioxide respectively. This extraction scheme was informed by solubility and intermolecular interactions of mixed triacylglycerols. Chrastil's solubility parameters suggested that saturated fatty acid triacylglycerols were susceptible to intermolecular interactions while mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerols are less susceptible to these interactions. Combined with the low solubility of mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerols and high solubility of saturated fatty acid triacylglycerols at low densities, these phenomena were combined to demonstrate how supercritical carbon dioxide can be tuned to fractionate mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerols from saturated fatty acids from microalgae. This is significant as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology is scalable and suitable as a first unit process for separations in a biorefinery setting.
A Comparison of Residency Applications and Match Performance in 3-Year vs 4-Year Family Medicine Training Programs.

Background and objectives The optimal length of residency training in family medicine is under debate. This study compared applicant type, number of applicants, match positions filled, matched applicant type, and ranks to fill between 3-year (3YR) and 4-year (4YR) residencies. Methods The Length of Training Pilot (LOTP) is a case-control study comparing 3YR (seven residencies) and 4YR (six residencies) training models. We collected applicant and match data from LOTP programs from 2012 to 2018 and compared data between 3YR and 4YR programs. National data provided descriptive comparisons. An annual resident survey captured resident perspectives on training program selection. Summary statistics and corresponding t-tests and χ2 tests of independence were performed to assess differences between groups. We used a linear mixed model to account for repeated measures over time within programs. Results There were no differences in the mean number of US MD, US DO, and international medical graduate applicants between 3YR and 4YR programs. Both the 3YR and 4YR programs had a substantially higher number of US MD and DO applicants compared to national averages. The percentages of positions filled in the match and positions filled by US MDs, DOs and IMGs were not different between groups. The percentage of residents in 4YR programs who think training in family medicine requires a fourth year varied significantly during the study period, from 35% to 25% (Pl.001). The predominant reasons for pursuing training in a 4YR program was a desire for more flexibility in training and a desire to learn additional skills beyond clinical skills. Conclusions The applicant pool and match performance of the residencies in the LOTP was not affected by length of training. Questions yet to be addressed include length of training's impact on medical knowledge, scope of practice, and clinical preparedness.
Population-Based Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Depressed Mood Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youths From 1999 Through 2017.

This study examines changes in the prevalence of depressed mood among heterosexual and sexual minority youths from 1999 to 2017.
Abstract PD9-07: The rate of parenchymal enhancement during DCE-MRI reflects response to neoadjuvant therapy

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) plays a crucial role in breast cancer detection and monitoring of therapeutic response by assessing the tumor vascular network. The MRI contrast agent enhances not only tumor tissue, but also normal breast tissue, a phenomena known as background parenchymal enhancement (BPE). The degree of BPE can be variable between different individuals, is influenced by the hormonal milieu, and displays variable anatomical and kinetic patterns. Changes in BPE intensity over the course of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) have been found to correlate with response to therapy in both the ipsilateral and contralateral breast. The present study assesses changes in the rate of BPE over the course of NAT to predict eventual response to NAT. Importantly, this study was conducted in collaboration with community-care centers (i.e., not research-oriented medical centers). Methods: Women with locally advanced breast cancer (N = 19) were imaged four times during the course of NAT: 1) prior to the start of NAT, 2) after 1 cycle of NAT, 3) after 2-4 cycles of NAT, and 4) 1 cycle after MRI #3. Imaging data was acquired on 3T Siemens Skyra scanners equipped with a 8- or 16-channel breast coils. Gadolinium-based contrast agent (0.1 mmol/kg of Multihance or 10 mL of Gadovist) was administered intravenously at 2 mL/sec after the acquisition of baseline scans. DCE-MRI data was collected in 10 sagittal slices with a temporal resolution of 7.27 sec for a total acquisition time of eight minutes. The tumor was semi-automatically segmented using a manually drawn region of interest (ROI) followed by fuzzy c-means clustering of a post-contrast high-resolution anatomical scan. Fibroglandular parenchyma was segmented from adipose tissue using fuzzy c-means clustering and further segmented into three concentric rings at prescribed radial distances from the tumor boundary. Enhancement time courses were temporally smoothed using a moving average filter of width 5 and normalized to baseline intensity to yield relative enhancement time courses. The enhancement slope, defined as the slope of the curve at half maximal intensity, was calculated from the kinetic uptake curve for the tumor, adipose, and concentric rings of fibroglandular tissue surrounding the tumor. Results: Prior to commencing NAT, women with faster tumoral enhancement had faster fibroglandular enhancement (r = 0.62, p Citation Format: John Virostko, Erin M Higgins, Chengyue Wu, Anna G Sorace, Debra Patt, Boone Goodgame, Thomas E Yankeelov. The rate of parenchymal enhancement during DCE-MRI reflects response to neoadjuvant therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD9-07.
PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION OR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING FOR LEFT MAIN STEM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE? A META-ANALYSIS

The relative safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) remain controversial. Digital databases were searched, and data on major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE
Abstract I15: Deciphering the origins of PDAC development

The TP53 gene, encoding the p53 transcription factor, is mutated in the majority of human pancreatic cancers, underscoring its critical role as a barrier to PDAC development. Despite this essential function, however, the cellular and molecular pathways through which p53 acts in pancreatic cancer suppression have remained elusive. To gain a better understanding of the programs through which p53 suppresses PDAC development, which will provide key insight into how the disease develops, we have taken combined mouse genetic and genomic approaches. First, we have sought to understand whether p53 acts in acinar and/or ductal cells to restrain PDAC development. For these studies we have used adult mice to more accurately mimic the development of PDAC in humans. Second, we have sought to systematically deconstruct the role of p53 loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in driving cancer from these different cells of origin. In addition, we have characterized the trajectory of cancer development in these models through histologic analysis of lesions at different time points and through lineage tracing. This comprehensive analysis of large adult mouse cohorts has helped to define the role for p53 in restraining spontaneous PDAC development, an essential first step for understanding p53 programs involved in tumor suppression. To gain insight into the programs that become dysregulated during pancreatic cancer development, we have performed transcriptomic analysis on tumors arising from different compartments and driven by different genetic lesions. These studies have revealed the molecular profiles of tumors arising from acinar versus ductal cells as well those driven by different types of p53 mutations. Through comparison to human pancreatic cancer data, our studies will reveal the paths to PDAC development in humans and the underlying origins of different subtypes of this disease. Citation Format: Brittany Flowers, Hang Xu, Kathryn Hanson, Christina Curtis, Hannes Vogel, Laura D. Wood, Laura D. Attardi. Deciphering the origins of PDAC development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I15.
Pereda Y la Revolución Liberal: Don Gonzalo González De la Gonzalera (1878)

Los criticos que han estudiado la novela de Jose Ma de Pereda han destacado la exactitud del autor en la representacion de los tipos y las formas de vida de la Montana, y la vision idilica que ofrece en sus obras. En este trabajo, en cambio, estudio el pesimismo del autor que ofrece testimonio del cambio y de la destruccion del mundo previo a la revolucion de 1868. Considerando que Don Gonzalo Gonzalez de la Gonzalera (1878) es una novela politica, estudio el modo como el autor narra la perdida de trascendencia que experimentaron en el siglo XIX las sociedades rurales expuestas a las ideas de la revolucion liberal de 1868.
Enhancing Text-based Reinforcement Learning Agents with Commonsense Knowledge.

In this paper, we consider the recent trend of evaluating progress on reinforcement learning technology by using text-based environments and games as evaluation environments. This reliance on text brings advances in natural language processing into the ambit of these agents, with a recurring thread being the use of external knowledge to mimic and better human-level performance. We present one such instantiation of agents that use commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet to show promising performance on two text-based environments.
At a crossroads: the senior woman administrator designation.

The Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) designation was established by the NCAA to increase involvement of women in the management of collegiate athletics. However, research has found SWAs may not be afforded opportunities needed for further career advancement. This study explored the perceptions of NCAA Division I SWAs through role congruity theory. Interviews revealed two major themes: Unintended Consequences and Future of the Designation. Themes highlighted how the designation itself is problematic and accompanied with gender stereotypes. Furthermore, participants detailed the designation should be removed due to tokenism and marginalization. The women in the study believed the designation of SWA may limit ascension into leadership roles within collegiate athletics.
A perfusion phantom for ASL MRI based on impinging jets.

Purpose We present a novel perfusion phantom for validation of arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI methods and protocols. Methods Impinging jets, driven by a peristaltic pump, were used to achieve perfusion-like mixing of magnetically labeled inflowing fluid within a perfusion compartment. The phantom was validated by varying pump rates and obtaining ASL-MRI data at multiple postlabeling delays using a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence with a 3D stack-of-spirals readout. An additional data set was acquired using a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence with a 2D EPI readout. Phantom sensitivity to pseudo-continuous ASL labeling efficiency was also tested. Results Fluid dynamics simulations predicted that maximum mixing would occur near the central axis of the perfusion compartment. Experimentally observed signal changes within this region were reproducible and well fit by the standard Buxton general kinetic model. Simulations and experimental data showed no label outflow from the perfusion chamber and calculated perfusion rates, averaged over the entire phantom volume, agreed with the expected volumetric flow rates provided by the flow pump. Phantom sensitivity to pseudo-continuous ASL labeling parameters was also demonstrated. Conclusion Perfusion-like signal can be simulated using impinging jets to create a well-mixed compartment. Observed perfusion and transit time values were reproducible and within the physiological range for brain perfusion. This phantom design has a broad range of potential applications in both basic and clinical research involving ASL MRI.
Predictors of clinical outcomes after non-operative management of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears

Predictors of clinical outcomes after non-operative management of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears
Vitrectomy With Internal Limiting Membrane Transplants in the Closure of 2 Adjacent Macular Holes

Purpose:Two adjacent macular holes (MHs), which were noted in the highly myopic left eye of an 85-year-old woman, is an uncommon clinical presentation. This case report presents the successful clos...
Comparative investigation of electronic transport across three-dimensional nanojunctions

We show the thickness-dependent transition from metallic conduction to tunneling in three-dimensional (3D) Ag/Si/Ag nanojunctions through layer-by-layer electronic structure and quantum transport calculations. The transmission coefficients are calculated quantum mechanically within the framework of density functional theory in conjunction with nonequilibrium Green's function techniques. Thin junctions show nearly metallic character with no energy gap opening in Si layers due to the metal-induced interface states, and the transmission is independent of the stacking order of Si layers. An energy gap reemerges for Si layers deeply buried within thick junction, and the decay rate of transmission in this insulating region depends on the stacking order. Complex band analysis indicates that the decay of transmission is not determined by a single exponential constant but also depends on the available number of evanescent states. Calculating the electric resistance from the transmission coefficient requires a 3D generalization of the Landauer formula, which is not unique. We examine two approaches, the Landauer-B\"uttiker formula, with and without subtraction of the Sharvin resistance, and a semiclassical Boltzmann equation with boundary conditions defined by the transmission coefficients at the junction. We identify an empirical upper limit of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.05$ per channel in the transmission coefficient, below which the Landauer-B\"uttiker formula without the Sharvin resistance correction remains a good approximation. In the high transmission limit, the Landauer-B\"uttiker formula with Sharvin correction and the semiclassical Boltzmann method reach fair agreement.
The Complete cd -Index of Dihedral and Universal Coxeter Groups

We present a description, including a characterization, of the complete cd -index of dihedral intervals. Furthermore, we describe a method to compute the complete cd -index of intervals in universal Coxeter groups. To obtain such descriptions, we consider Bruhat intervals for which Bjorner and Wachs's CL-labeling can be extended to paths of different lengths in the Bruhat graph. While such an extension cannot be defined for all Bruhat intervals, it can be in dihedral and universal Coxeter systems.
Wireless, Web-controlled, ball-collecting robot: an engineering and computer science cluster course

A senior engineering design and a computer science capstone course are clustered for an interdisciplinary experience. In the fall of 2002, students designed and implemented a wireless, Web-controlled, ball-collecting robot. A single computer, configured as a Web server, controls access and wirelessly sends commands to the robot. Students developed a full set of specifications for the robot and Web server system and maintained a project management plan and schedule throughout the semester. Unique aspects of the course include an electronic project log that is shared using a course information system and a peer evaluation system that constitutes a significant portion of the final grade. The course allows students to explore their disciplines further, gain experience working in interdisciplinary teams, and learn the importance of technical communication via a final design report and presentation. Nearly all of the students reported that they learned more working in an interdisciplinary setting than they would have working only in their discipline.
Chapter 36 Large sample estimation and hypothesis testing

Abstract Asymptotic distribution theory is the primary method used to examine the properties of econometric estimators and tests. We present conditions for obtaining cosistency and asymptotic normality of a very general class of estimators (extremum estimators). Consistent asymptotic variance estimators are given to enable approximation of the asymptotic distribution. Asymptotic efficiency is another desirable property then considered. Throughout the chapter, the general results are also specialized to common econometric estimators (e.g. MLE and GMM), and in specific examples we work through the conditions for the various results in detail. The results are also extended to two-step estimators (with finite-dimensional parameter estimation in the first step), estimators derived from nonsmooth objective functions, and semiparametric two-step estimators (with nonparametric estimation of an infinite-dimensional parameter in the first step). Finally, the trinity of test statistics is considered within the quite general setting of GMM estimation, and numerous examples are given.
Stability and scaling of double loop Sigma Delta modulators

The application of the double loop Sigma Delta modulator to analog-to-digital conversion is considered. To avoid integrator saturation in implementations, it is necessary to know the maximum occurring integrator output voltages. The authors address this problem by deriving upper bounds on the steady-state values of integrator outputs for the general double loop modulator with constant inputs. They use the upper bounds to derive scaling factors that are optimized with respect to stability as well as an approximate performance measure. Simulations show that the results which are proven for constant inputs can be useful in the design of modulators with dynamic inputs, and that gains of about 2 dB in both dynamic range and peak signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for time-varying inputs. >