cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone labeled with 99mTc: a potential agent for neuroendocrinological studies.

Abstract To determine the ability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the median eminence to transport thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to the anterior pituitary and to systemic blood, synthetic TRH labeled with technetium-99m was introduced in the cisterna magna of 8 male adult beagle dogs. Following these injections, sequential blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of radioactivity. The time course of concentration of radioactivity in the systemic blood appeared to be a double stage kinetic process: the first step reached a plateau as soon as 20 min after the injection and lasted about 30 min: then, a second increase of the activity appeared very markedly and the ratio of the radioactivity at 4 h versus that at the plateau was found to be around 3.56. A similar pattern was found in all the dogs and can be explained as follows: the first stage might represent the “active” transport of TRH via the median eminence to the portal system. and the second and later step might reflect the “passive” transport of CSF molecules through the arachnoidal granules of Paccioni.
Partial abdominal evisceration, ex vivo resection, and intestinal autotransplantation for the treatment of pathologic lesions of the root of the mesentery.

Abstract Background Resection of lesions of the root of the mesentery with established techniques is difficult and at times impossible because of their proximity to the blood supply of the intestine. Damage of the superior mesenteric vessels necessitates resection of the intestine, resulting in short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure. Study design We describe a surgical technique drawn from our experience in intestinal transplantation in which the root of the mesentery (including the lesion) and the head or the entire pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, and part of the colon are excised en bloc and preserved in a cold solution. Resection of the lesion is performed in a bloodless field ex vivo, and the salvaged intestine is reimplanted in the abdominal cavity. We performed this procedure in four patients, two adult and two pediatric, who had extensive neoplasms of the root of the mesentery. Their underlying diseases were mesenteric fibroma, vascular dysplasia of the root of the mesentery, pancreatic cancer, and desmoid tumor. Results Local control of the lesions was achieved in all four cases, preserving at the same time enough small intestine to avoid short bowel syndrome. All patients survived the operation and live on enteral nutrition 6 to 49.5 months after the procedure. Conclusions The procedure of partial abdominal exenteration, ex vivo resection, and autotransplantation is an extension of our experience with intestinal transplantation. In selected cases, this technique may be useful in the treatment of extensive, otherwise unresectable lesions of the root of the mesentery.
Medico-legal rounds: Medico-legal issues and breaches of "standards of medical care" in opioid tapering for alleged opioid addiction.

Objectives. The objectives of this medico-legal case report are the following: 1) To present an example of a medico-legal problem that developed as a result of reports of alleged opioid addiction that resulted in a decision to taper a chronic pain patient (CPP) from opioids; 2) To present both the plaintiff's and defendant's expert witness opinions as to if and how the care of that patient fell below the “standard of medical care”; and 3) Based on these opinions, to develop some recommendations on how, in the future, pain medicine physicians and other physicians should proceed in similar circumstances in order to avoid allegations of breach of “standard of medical care.” Design. Case Report Setting. Regional Hospital Pain Clinic Patient. CPP Interventions. Opioid tapering because of aberrant drug-related behaviors (addictive behaviors). Results. During the tapering process, the CPP committed suicide. This had medico-legal consequences. Expert witnesses could not rule out the possibility of pseudoaddiction in this CPP. Conclusion. Further research into the concept of pseudoaddiction is required.
ORTHOQUINONE MONOKETAL CHEMISTRY. EXPERIMENTAL AND DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDIES ON ORTHOQUINOL ACETATE REARRANGEMENTS

Abstract The non-dimerizing orthoquinone monoketal, 6-acetoxy-6-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonylcyclohexa-2,4-dienone, conveniently prepared from oxidative acetoxylation of its parent phenol with PhI(OAc)2 in CH2Cl2AcOH (3:1), cleanly undergoes 1,3-acetoxy migrations in the presence of silica gel at room temperature to furnish a 60:40 product mixture conceivably derived from [3,5] and [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the [3,5] shift is pseudopericyclic, has a remarkably low activation energy of 20.1 kcal/mol, and is favored by 5.4 kcal/mol over the pericyclic [3,3] shift, in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
The zebrafish anatomy and stage ontologies: representing the anatomy and development of Danio rerio

The Zebrafish Anatomy Ontology (ZFA) is an OBO Foundry ontology that is used in conjunction with the Zebrafish Stage Ontology (ZFS) to describe the gross and cellular anatomy and development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, from single cell zygote to adult. The zebrafish model organism database (ZFIN) uses the ZFA and ZFS to annotate phenotype and gene expression data from the primary literature and from contributed data sets. The ZFA models anatomy and development with a subclass hierarchy, a partonomy, and a developmental hierarchy and with relationships to the ZFS that define the stages during which each anatomical entity exists. The ZFA and ZFS are developed utilizing OBO Foundry principles to ensure orthogonality, accessibility, and interoperability. The ZFA has 2860 classes representing a diversity of anatomical structures from different anatomical systems and from different stages of development. The ZFA describes zebrafish anatomy and development semantically for the purposes of annotating gene expression and anatomical phenotypes. The ontology and the data have been used by other resources to perform cross-species queries of gene expression and phenotype data, providing insights into genetic relationships, morphological evolution, and models of human disease.
Modeling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: Transmission dynamics, antibiotic usage and its history

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in many hospital settings, posing substantial threats and economic burdens worldwide. We propose mathematical models to investigate the transmission dynamics of MRSA and determine factors that influence the prevalence of MRSA infection when antibiotics are given to patients to treat or prevent infections with either MRSA itself or other bacterial pathogens. Our results suggest that: (i) MRSA always persists in the hospital when colonized and infected patients are admitted; (ii) the longer the duration of treatment of infected patients and the lower the probability of successful treatment will increase the prevalence of MRSA infection; (iii) the longer the duration of contamination of health care workers (HCWs) and the more their contacts with patients may increase the prevalence of MRSA infection; (iv) possible ways to control the prevalence of MRSA infection include treating patients with antibiotic history as quickly and efficiently as possible, screening and isolating colonized and infected patients at admission, and compliance with strict hand-washing rules by HCWs. Our modeling studies offer an approach to investigating MRSA infection in hospital settings and the impact of antibiotic history on the incidence of infection. Our findings suggest important influences on the prevalence of MRSA infection which may be useful in designing control policies.
Differential manipulation of passive avoidance by exogenous ACTH*1

Abstract Rats were trained and tested at one trial per day in a three-stage conflict procedure. Significant increase in response suppression after punishment was found for animals receiving 12 IU of ACTH at any one stage, whether this was approach training, avoidance training, or test. Animals receiving the hormone during both avoidance training and test did not show significant increases in suppression. Similarly, ACTH administered during both approach training and test sessions was less effective in prolonging suppression of the approach response, than when given on test sessions alone. The assumption that the effects of ACTH on behavior are confined to aversive situations is questioned in the interpretation of these interactions.
Evaluation tools for distributed shared memory

Examines evaluation tools for distributed shared-memory (DSM) parallel processing systems, and the concept of an ideal tool set for DSM systems by describing characteristics that such a set should possess. The authors then describe applications they have developed and examine their suitability as evaluation tools. Particular attention is given to the characteristics of tools for the Mirage trace-driven simulator. The limitations of the present applications and how the gap between existing tools and an ideal tool set can be bridged are discussed. >
Distributed breakout revisited

Distributed breakout algorithm (DBA) is an efficient method for solving distributed constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). Inspired by its potential of being an efficient, low-overhead agent coordination method for problems in distributed sensor networks, we study DBA's properties in this paper. We specifically show that on an acyclic graph of n nodes, DBA can find a solution in O(n2) synchronized distributed steps. This completeness result reveals DBA's superiority over conventional local search on acyclic graphs and implies its potential as a simple self-stabilization method for tree-structured distributed systems. We also show a worst case of DBA in a cyclic graph where it never terminates. To overcome this problem on cyclic graphs, we propose two stochastic variations to DBA. Our experimental analysis shows that stochastic DBAs are able to avoid DBA's worst-case scenarios and has similar performance as that of DBA.
Development of a mini-humanoid pianist

While there have been several robots designed to play musical instruments, most are specialized (non-humanoid) designs that do not attempt to model a human performer's specific gestures and movements. Musical instruments are, of course, designed to be played by humans, and the process of developing humanoid performers offers the potential of revealing new insights into the control of instruments in a musically expressive manner. This paper describes our system that enables a small humanoid to play a music keyboard and also respond to acoustic input. The system uses a combination of pre-programmed positions, audio feedback, and self-calibration methods in order to perform simple two-finger piano pieces. As with human performers, control adjustments can be made in real-time when musical errors are detected during the course of a performance. This system is intended as a proof-of-concept and prototyping platform for humanoid music performance methods, which are ultimately destined for the Hubo adult-sized humanoid. The current system allows us to develop algorithms in a low-risk environment before moving to the much more capable, but costly, Hubo platform. In developing and analyzing humanoid performance gestures, this effort represents a step towards a better understanding of human musicianship, musical expression, and creativity, which may ultimately facilitate improved human-robot interaction.
Potential tracking of mechanical consequences of induced emphysema and lung volume reduction in sheep

It is of interest to establish more informative methods to probe the distribution of airway constriction and tissue compromise during emphysema before and after lung volume reduction surgery. This study establishes the potential for an optimal ventilation waveform approach in control sheep for which emphysema will be induced.
Effect of ethidium bromide and fractionated x-irradiation on Rauscher leukemia development.

Studies were carried out to evaluate further the in vivo effectiveness of reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in the therapy of Rauscher viral leukemia. Ethidium bromide, given in multiple doses, was found to be without significant effect on the survival of mice which already had established Rauscher disease as the result of injection with virus 2 weeks earlier. However, the initiation of ethidium bromide treatment immediatly after virus did result in the beneficial effect of an increase in the mean survival time of the infected animals. On the other hand, at the virus titers used, 4-N-benzyl-4-N-demethylrifampicin showed no significant therapeutic action in either case, even though other studies had suggested that it might be effective for this purpose. A total of 1,000 R of fractionated x-irradiation given to animals with established leukemia also resulted in increased mean survival times, but the combination of irradiation and ethidium bromide treatment of similar mice resulted in only a marginal improvement over irradiation alone. It is suggested that these reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, though active against the free virus, may not be effective against the already transformed tumor cell.
Statistical Analysis of Harmony and Melody in Rock Music

AbstractWe present a corpus of harmonic analyses and melodic transcriptions of rock songs. After explaining the creation and notation of the corpus, we present results of some explorations of the corpus data. We begin by considering the overall distribution of scale-degrees in rock. We then address the issue of key-finding: how the key of a rock song can be identified from harmonic and melodic information. Considering both the distribution of melodic scale-degrees and the distribution of chords (roots), as well as the metrical placement of chords, leads to good key-finding performance. Finally, we discuss how songs within the corpus might be categorized with regard to their pitch organization. Statistical categorization methods point to a clustering of songs that resembles the major/minor distinction in common-practice music, though with some important differences.
The Influence Of Water Vapour On The Detection Of Ocean Mesoscale Fronts And Eddies By The Geosat Altimeter

The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere lengthens the electromagnetic propagation path between a satellite and the ocean surface. It is possible for horizontal spatial variations in water vapor to cause changes in observed radar altimeter heights which might be interpreted as changes in sea surface height (SSH). In this paper, we examine the spatial variability of water vapor as measured by the Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) over a 30 day period. It is demonstrated that water vapor generally varies on horizontal. spatial scales greater than a few hundred kilometers. As such, it is unlikely that water vapor iinduced changes in altimeter measured heights will be misinterpreted as mesoscale ocean circulation features.
Abraham Maslow, Humanistic Psychology, and Organization Leadership: A Jungian Perspective

Students of organization theory and administration have frequently discovered that psychology and its various subfields can provide valuable insights. This article examines the contributions of Abr...
DEVELOPING STUDENT KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR HOME-BASED SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

Providing social work services for clients in their homes is often a distinguishing feature of social work practice. The home environment affects the intervention process at each stage of contact with a family. Home-based practice requires specific skills to deal with clients' presenting concerns as well as safety, boundary, confidentiality, and ethical challenges. This article offers practical tips for integrating content regarding home-based social work into courses throughout the curriculum to better prepare social work students for home-based practice. It discusses how home-based content in both master's and baccalaureate courses supports current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards requirements.
Visualization of Dynamic Trafficking of a Protein Kinase C βII/Green Fluorescent Protein Conjugate Reveals Differences in G Protein-coupled Receptor Activation and Desensitization

Protein kinase C (PKC) links various extracellular signals to intracellular responses and is activated by diverse intracellular factors including diacylglycerol, Ca2+, and arachidonic acid. In this study, using a fully functional green fluorescent protein conjugated PKCβII (GFP-PKCβII), we demonstrate a novel approach to study the dynamic redistribution of PKC in live cells in response to G protein-coupled receptor activation. Agonist-induced PKC translocation was rapid, transient, and selectively mediated by the activation of Gqα- but not Gsα- or Giα-coupled receptors. Interestingly, although the stimuli were continuously present, only one brief peak of PKC membrane translocation was observed, consistent with rapid desensitization of the signaling pathway. Moreover, when GFP-PKCβII was used to examine cross-talk between two Gqα-coupled receptors, angiotensin II type 1A receptor (AT1AR) and endothelin A receptor (ETAR), activation of ETARs resulted in a subsequent loss of AT1AR responsiveness, whereas stimulation of AT1ARs did not cause desensitization of the ETAR signaling. The development of GFP-PKCβII has allowed not only the real time visualization of the dynamic PKC trafficking in live cells in response to physiological stimuli but has also provided a direct and sensitive means in the assessment of activation and desensitization of receptors implicated in the phospholipase C signaling pathway.
Transient Eddy-Current Driver Pickup Probe Response Due to a Conductive Plate

In this paper, we calculate the transient eddy-current response of a driver pickup probe due to a conducting plate by means of series expansions. We consider an excitation current in the driver coil that rises exponentially with time toward a constant value, the step function current being a special case with zero time constant. We find the transient response from the frequency domain expressions for the induced electromotive force in the pickup coil by using the inverse Laplace transform. Usually, the field of the excitation coil is expressed in the form of a Bessel integral with respect to the radial spatial frequency. Here, however, to improve computational efficiency, we approximate the integral as a series expansion by truncating the solution domain at a large but finite radius and setting the field on the truncation boundary to zero. The series is a sum of terms containing discrete spatial frequencies defined by the zeros of the first-order Bessel function of the first kind. We then form an inner summation from the temporal frequency-dependent terms in order to facilitate an analytical inverse Laplace transformation to the time domain. We present two alternative expansions for the inner sum. One is constructed with reference to the short time regime and the other with respect to the long time limit. Numerical results show good agreement between the alternative series approximations at a wide range of intermediate times.
Impact of FACBC PET in Imaging and GTV Design of Cerebral Gliomas

mm expansion was used to create both PTVs. HFSRT was delivered concomitant with temozolomide (TMZ) (75 mg/m daily), followed by adjuvant TMZ (150-200 mg/m in 5/28 days). Two patients also received additional concurrent bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Response was assessed based on the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Electronic medical records were reviewed for acute toxicity, dexamethasone dosage, disease response, progression free survival (PFS) and median survival (MS). Results: Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range, 50-82 years) and median pre-radiation KPS Z 60 (range, 40-70). The median pre-operative maximum dimension of the gross tumor on MRI was 5.4 cm (range, 1.9-8.5 cm). Three patients had gross total resection, 4 had subtotal resection, and 5 had biopsy only. The treatment was well tolerated without RTOG grade 3/4 acute toxicities. All patients were on dexamethasone at start of radiation and no increase in dosage was required in any of the patients during treatment. Three (30%) patients had dose taper during and another 3 had taper shortly after completion of radiation. Of the 8 patients with available follow-up data, 1 (13%) had partial response, 6 (75%) stable disease, and 1 (13%) progression of disease after HFSRT. With median follow-up of 8 months (range, 4-15 months), 2/8 (25%) of the patients had died. MS has not yet been reached. Median PFS was reached at 8 months from completion of HFSRT. Conclusions: The HFSRT regimen with concurrent TMZ was safe, well tolerated and convenient for patients with the poorest GBM prognosis, rendering a shorter overall treatment time with no increase in steroid requirement during treatment. Compared to the historical median survival of 5-9 months in patients with RPA class V-VI, HFSRT appeared to have done well, likely owing to the more aggressive radiation fractionation and concurrent TMZ. Further clinical trial exploring this HFRT in GBM patients with poorest prognosis is warranted. Author Disclosure: J.C. Ye: None. M. Yondorf: None. S.C. Pannullo: None. J.A. Boockvar: None. T.H. Schwartz: None. P.E. Stieg: None. B. Parashar: None. D. Nori: None. K.C. Chao: None. A. Wernicke: None.
A unified model for timing speculation: Evaluating the impact of technology scaling, CMOS design style, and fault recovery mechanism

Due to fundamental device properties, energy efficiency from CMOS scaling is showing diminishing improvements. To overcome the energy efficiency challenges, timing speculation has been proposed to optimize for common-case timing conditions, with errors occurring under worst-case conditions detected and corrected in hardware. Although various timing speculation techniques have been proposed, no general framework exists for reasoning about the trade-offs and high-level design considerations of timing speculation. This paper develops two models to study the end-to-end behavior of timing speculation: a hardware-level efficiency model that considers the effects of process variations on path delays, and a complementary system-level recovery model. When combined, the models are used to assess the impact of technology scaling, CMOS design style, and fault recovery mechanism on the efficiency of timing speculation. Our results show that (1) efficiency gains from timing speculation do not improve as technology scales, (2) ultra-low power (sub-threshold) CMOS designs benefit most from timing speculation — we report a 47% potential energy-delay reduction, and (3) fine-grained fault recovery is key to significant energy improvements. The combined model uses only high-level inputs to derive quantitative energy efficiency benefits without any need for detailed simulation, making it a potentially useful tool for hardware developers.
A New Perspective to Synchronization in Networks of Coupled Oscillators: Reverse Engineering and Convex Relaxation

Abstract We take a new approach to investigate synchronization in networks of coupled oscillators. We show that the coupled oscillator system when restricted to a proper region is a distributed partial primal-dual gradient algorithm for solving a well-defined convex optimization problem and its dual. We characterize conditions for synchronization solution of the KKT system of the optimization problem, based on which we derive conditions for synchronization equilibrium of the coupled oscillator network. This new approach reduces the hard problem of synchronization of coupled oscillators to a simple problem of verifying synchronization solution of a system of linear equations, and leads to a complete characterization of synchronization condition for the coupled oscillator network in an interesting and practically important region. Our synchronization condition is stated elegantly as the existence of solution for a system of linear equations, of which one best existing synchronization condition is a special sufficient condition case. In addition, we formulate a non-convex optimization problem with the force balance constraint for which the afore convex optimization problem is relaxation, and show that the coupled oscillator system is also a distributed algorithm for solving this non-convex problem. This has interesting implication on exact convex relaxation, and confirms the insight that a physical system usually solves a convex problem even though it may have a non-convex representation.
Evolution of immune surveillance and tumor immunity: studies in Xenopus

We have developed a novel experimental model of cancer immunity in the frog, Xenopus, which may provide a useful alternative to murine tumor models and a way to assess whether the control of tumor development is a fundamental function of the immune system of vertebrates. In Xenopus, tumor immunity can be studied in two developmentally distinct immune systems. The larval immune system reflects characteristics of an ancestral system that appears to function without classical MHC class I antigen presentation and an efficient effector mechanism. The adult system appears more highly evolved in that it is remarkably similar to that of mammals and is able to generate a potent antitumor response. This amphibian model also provides a unique system with which to investigate a postulated role of heat shock proteins as components of an ancestral system of antigen presentation and/or immune surveillance that predates the antigen presentation pathway that exclusively involves MHC molecules.
Eating and Elimination Disorders

Eating and eliminating disorders are among the most common problems of children and adolescents treated in pediatric outpatient settings (Christophersen & Rapoff, 1979). The most common eating disorders of infancy and early childhood are failure to thrive and food refusal. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and obesity are more frequently seen in later childhood and adolescence. Of the eliminating disorders, enuresis and encopresis are most common and are observed primarily in preschoolers and during the elementary-school years. This chapter addresses the diagnosis and assessment of each of these disorders. Each disorder is described, and assessment strategies for differential diagnosis and treatment outcome are reviewed.
Component-Specific Mapping for Low-Power Operation in the Presence of Variation and Aging

Traditional solutions to variation and aging cost energy. Adding static margins to tolerate high device variance and potential device degradation prevent aggressive voltage scaling to reduce energy. Post-fabrication configuration, as we have in FPGAs, provides an opportunity to avoid the high costs of static margins. Rather than assuming worst-case device characteristics, we can deploy devices based on their fabricated or aged characteristics. This allows us to place the high-speed/leaky devices as needed on critical paths and slower/less-leaky devices on non-critical paths. As a result, it becomes possible to meet system timing requirements at lower voltages than conservative margins. To exploit this post-fabrication configurability, we must customize the assignment of logical functions to resources based on the resource characteristics of a particular component after it has been fabricated and the resource characteristics have been determined—that is, component-specific mapping. When we perform this component-specific mapping, we can accommodate extremely high defect rates (e.g., 10%), high variation (e.g., \(\sigma_{V_{t}}=38\)%), as well as lifetime aging effects with low overhead. As the magnitude of aging effects increase, the mapping of functions to resources becomes an adaptive process that is continually refined in-system, throughout the lifetime of the component.
Filburn's Legacy

Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942), represented a pivotal moment in the Supreme Court's effort to determine the scope of Congress's power "[t]o regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." Together with NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937), and United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941), Filburn is widely thought to have marked a turning point in commerce clause jurisprudence. Under Chief Justice William Rehnquist, the Supreme Court severely undermined what had been regarded as the post-New Deal consensus on the scope of Congress's commerce power. This reconsideration of commerce clause doctrine warrants careful reexamination of Wickard v. Filburn. This article tells the story of Wickard v. Filburn. After providing a brief survey of American agriculture and its regulation between the World Wars, this article describes the specific controversy over Roscoe Filburn's 1941 wheat crop. In its own time, Wickard v. Filburn represented merely one component of the New Deal Court's commerce clause jurisprudence. Greater turmoil over the commerce clause at the turn of the twenty-first century has breathed new life into Filburn. This article therefore examines not only what Filburn meant at the time of its decision, but also what it represents in our time.
Area-level factors associated with electronic health record adoption and meaningful use in the Regional Extension Center Program.

Objective To identify area-level correlates of electronic health record (EHR) adoption and meaningful use (MU) among primary care providers (PCPs) enrolled in the Regional Extension Center (REC) Program. Materials and methods County-level data on 2013 EHR adoption and MU among REC-enrolled PCPs were obtained from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology and linked with other county-level data sources including the Area Resource File, American Community Survey, and Federal Communications Commission's broadband availability database. Hierarchical models with random intercepts for RECs were employed to assess associations between a broad set of area-level factors and county-level rates of EHR adoption and MU. Results Among the 2715 counties examined, the average county-level EHR adoption and MU rates for REC-enrolled PCPs were 87.5% and 54.2%, respectively. Community health center presence and Medicaid enrollment concentration were positively associated with EHR adoption, while metropolitan status and Medicare Advantage enrollment concentration were positively associated with MU. Health professional shortage area status and minority concentration were negatively associated with EHR adoption and MU. Discussion Increased financial incentives in areas with greater concentrations of Medicaid and Medicare enrollees may be encouraging EHR adoption and MU among REC-enrolled PCPs. Disparities in EHR adoption and MU in some low-resource and underserved areas remain a concern. Conclusions Federal efforts to spur EHR adoption and MU have demonstrated some early success; however, some geographic variations in EHR diffusion indicate that greater attention needs to be paid to ensuring equitable uptake and use of EHRs throughout the US.
Converting DYNAMO simulations to Powersim Studio simulations

DYNAMO is a computer program for building and running 'continuous' simulation models. It was developed by the Industrial Dynamics Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for simulating dynamic feedback models of business, economic, and social systems. The history of the system dynamics method since 1957 includes many classic models built in DYANMO. It was not until the late 1980s that software was built to take advantage of the rise of personal computers and graphical user interfaces that DYNAMO was supplanted. There is much learning and insight to be gained from examining the DYANMO models and their accompanying research papers. We believe that it is a worthwhile exercise to convert DYNAMO models to more recent software packages. We have made an attempt to make it easier to turn these models into a more current system dynamics software language, Powersim © Studio produced by Powersim AS2 of Bergen, Norway. This guide shows how to convert DYNAMO syntax into Studio syntax.
Provenance: Regional Journal as Training Ground

Dans le cadre de ce forum special editorial sur les activites de recherche et de publication en archivistique, Provenance est l'exemple du premier periodique cree par un groupe d'archivistes a l'echelon regional : Provenance a ete fonde par la Society of Georgia Archivists (SGA) en 1972
Characterization of Na+ and Ca2+ currents in bag cells of sexually immature Aplysia californica.

The neurosecretory bag cells of sexually mature Aplysia californica release egg-laying hormones as part of the reproductive process after a train of action potentials termed afterdischarge. Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments were performed in cultured cells from sexually immature A. californica to characterize the inward voltage-gated currents for Na+ and Ca2+. The goal of these experiments was to investigate the regulation of excitability during sexual maturation. Na+ currents in bag cells of immature A. californica were similar in several ways to those of mature animals. The Na+ currents activated at voltages less negative than -30 mV and peaked at 10-20 mV in artificial sea water. The time course and pharmacology of bag cell Na+ currents were similar to those of bag cells from mature A. californica, although the Na+ current density was lower in immature A. californica. Na+ currents were inhibited by tetrodotoxin (50 nmol l-1). The Na+ current was relatively insensitive to depolarized holding potentials (Vh), maintaining approximately 50 % of peak current amplitude present at Vh=-70 mV throughout the activation range at Vh=-30 mV. In experiments using a 1 s depolarized Vh prior to a test pulse, the half-inactivation voltage (V1/2) was -27 mV. Recovery of immature Na+ current from steady-state inactivation at Vh=-30 mV had a time constant ( ) of 9.5 ms, significantly slower than in mature animals. Ca2+ currents of immature A. californica activated at approximately -30 mV and peaked at approximately 20 mV with 11 mmol l-1 Ba2+ as the charge carrier. The principle differences from mature Ca2+ currents were the low density of the immature Ca2+ currents and their 'run-down' in whole-cell recordings. The pharmacology and V1/2 of bag cell Ca2+ currents were similar to those of L-type Ca2+ currents in mature cells. The Ca2+ currents were inhibited 61+/-10 % by nifedipine (10 micromol l-1) and were unaffected by -conotoxin GVIA (10 micromol l-1). The Ca2+ currents were relatively insensitive to depolarized Vh, activating maximally at Vh=-90, -70 and -50 mV, and maintaining 50 % of this peak current amplitude throughout the activation range at Vh=-30 mV. The V1/2 was -23 mV in experiments in which cells were subjected to a 1 s depolarized Vh prior to a test pulse. Na+ current amplitudes were maintained or increased during 1 min of 4 Hz test pulses in bag cells at Vh=-70 mV and Vh=-30 mV. In contrast, Ca2+ current run-down occurred during 1 min of 4 Hz test pulses in seven of 10 cells at Vh=-70 mV and in 12 of 12 cells at Vh=-30 mV. The observed scarcity of Na+ and Ca2+ currents in immature bag cells as well as the specific characteristics of immature bag cell Ca2+ currents make repetitive action potential firing and hormone release less likely than in mature bag cells.
Abstract B12: Using Lrig1CreERT2/+ stem cell driver mice to model colorectal cancer

Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of human cancer provide important insights into mechanisms of disease development. Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy, whereas small intestinal cancer is much less frequent. We recently developed a mouse model of colonic neoplasia, using the highly efficient inducible stem cell driver, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (Lrig1CreERT2), and a floxed allele of the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (Apcfl/+) (Cell 149: 146-158, 2012). Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/+ mice develop multiple, large highly dysplastic adenomas in the distal colon within 50 days of tamoxifen induction; the proximal colon is spared and smaller tumors are detected in the small intestine. We hypothesized an additional oncogenic event would advance tumorigenesis in this model. To investigate this hypothesis, using a Kras mutation (G12D) as the second event, we developed a new inducible mouse model: Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/+;KrasLSL-G12D/+. Due to broad Lrig1 expression, systemic Kras activation through intraperitoneal tamoxifen injection results in debilitating oral and facial tumors within three to five weeks, precluding longer-term intestinal studies. To overcome the rapid onset of this phenotype, we administered 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) enemas to achieve local tamoxifen delivery. This method delayed onset of oral tumor development, even preventing it in some mice. However, we noted Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/+;KrasLSL-G12D/+ mice rarely developed colonic tumors, compared to Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/+ control mice. We hypothesized Kras activation before complete Apc loss of heterozygosity provides a barrier to tumor formation. Therefore, we administered 4-OHT enemas to Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/fl;KrasLSL-G12D/+ mice to determine whether Kras activation could advance tumorigenesis in the setting of loss of both Apc alleles. In a preliminary experiment, we observed that Kras activation caused a more severe phenotype in the colonic epithelium of Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/fl mice compared to Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apcfl/fl control mice. Both genotypes developed skin lesions that affected the health of animals, requiring sacrifice as early as 28 days after tamoxifen administration. Further characterization of this model will determine whether invasion in the colonic lesions can occur under these genetic conditions. Citation Format: Emily Poulin. Using Lrig1CreERT2/+ stem cell driver mice to model colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B12. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B12
The Biological Sciences and the Fulbright Program

This Act has been aptly described as "one of the most imaginative pieces of legislation of our times." It provides that foreign currencies, derived from the sale of surplus property overseas after World War II, may be used for the purpose of "financing studies, research, instruction and other educational activities of or for American citizens in schools and institutions of higher learning" abroad, and in assisting citizens of foreign countries in attending educational institutions in the United States. The proceeds from the sale of materials produced for waging war has thus been made available for the support of a program of educational interchange on an unprecedented scale, having as its primary aim the promotion of international understanding and world peace.
Sport-related structural brain injury associated with arachnoid cysts: a systematic review and quantitative analysis

OBJECTIVE Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are congenital lesions bordered by an arachnoid membrane. Researchers have postulated that individuals with an AC demonstrate a higher rate of structural brain injury after trauma. Given the potential neurological consequences of a structural brain injury requiring neurosurgical intervention, the authors sought to perform a systematic review of sport-related structural-brain injury associated with ACs with a corresponding quantitative analysis. METHODS Titles and abstracts were searched systematically across the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Peer-reviewed case reports, case series, or observational studies that reported a structural brain injury due to a sport or recreational activity (hereafter referred to as sport-related) with an associated AC were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have an AC, suffered a concussion without structural brain injury, or sustained the injury during a non-sport-related activity (e.g., fall, motor vehicle collision). Descriptive statistical analysis and time to presentation data were summarized. Univariate logistic regression models to assess predictors of neurological deficit, open craniotomy, and cystoperitoneal shunt were completed. RESULTS After an initial search of 994 original articles, 52 studies were found that reported 65 cases of sport-related structural brain injury associated with an AC. The median age at presentation was 16 years (range 4-75 years). Headache was the most common presenting symptom (98%), followed by nausea and vomiting in 49%. Thirteen patients (21%) presented with a neurological deficit, most commonly hemiparesis. Open craniotomy was the most common form of treatment (49%). Bur holes and cyst fenestration were performed in 29 (45%) and 31 (48%) patients, respectively. Seven patients (11%) received a cystoperitoneal shunt. Four cases reported medical management only without any surgical intervention. No significant predictors were found for neurological deficit or open craniotomy. In the univariate model predicting the need for a cystoperitoneal shunt, the odds of receiving a shunt decreased as age increased (p = 0.004, OR 0.62 [95% CI 0.45-0.86]) and with male sex (p = 0.036, OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.03-0.88]). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review yielded 65 cases of sport-related structural brain injury associated with ACs. The majority of patients presented with chronic symptoms, and recovery was reported generally to be good. Although the review is subject to publication bias, the authors do not find at present that there is contraindication for patients with an AC to participate in sports, although parents and children should be counseled appropriately. Further studies are necessary to better evaluate AC characteristics that could pose a higher risk of adverse events after trauma.
Yield Reduction of Oats Caused by the Cereal Leaf Beetle

Field research was conducted in Berrien County, Michigan, during the summer of 1967 on several aspects of oat productivity effected by feeding damage of a large population of Oulema melanopus (L.). Various degrees of population control were achieved with granular carbofuran applied as a broadcast soil-surface treatment before egg hatching started and single or double sprays of malathion applied at time of peak larval numbers. A 3 lb per acre rate of carbofuran maintained cereal leaf beetle-free plants. Untreated plots showed a grain yield reduction of 48.8%, or 4.7% per larva per stem for each of the 10.4 larvae per stem. Other maximum reductions were an additional 3.3% in 1/13 inch screening losses. 14.6% in plant height, 14.2% in kernel weight, 40.9% in kernel number, and 30.2% in straw weight. Early application of 1 or 3 lb of carbofuran per acre provided seasonlong control.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTHROSCOPY AND WRIST ARTHROSCOPY EQUIPMENT

This article provides an overview of the history of wrist arthroscopy. Following this, the basic principles of wrist arthroscopy are presented. In the final portion of the chapter, the equipment and instrumentation used in wrist arthroscopy are discussed, including traction apparati, arthroscopes, mechanical infusion systems, hand instruments, and shavers.
Stochastic Programs for Identifying Significant Collapse Modes in Structural Systems

A fundamental step in the estimation of structural system reliability is the identification of failure modes. Some systems can be represented by one dominant mode but, in general, several modes must be identified to ensure an accurate estimation of the system probability of failure. Once modes are identified, standard techniques can be used to evaluate the system reliability.
Measuring self-esteem instability through a single-administration scale: Still a fruitless endeavor?

Abstract Studies on self-esteem instability (SEI) must obtain multiple measurements of self-esteem, such as daily for two weeks, to calculate SEI. This measurement method is called the “gold standard.” The intensive nature of the gold standard forces SEI be studied through multiple-day, controlled, student-sample designs, which restricts generalizability and possible variables studied. We attempt to address these concerns through creating a new single-administration SEI scale, called the SEI Measure (Studies 1 and 2), and analyzing the relationship of the SEI Measure and prior single-administration SEI scales with the gold standard (Studies 3 and 4). The SEI Measure and existing scales only have moderate correlations with the gold standard, suggesting that they do not adequately gauge SEI. As these studies are the most robust investigation into single-administration SEI scales to date, we suggest that the study of such scales should be refocused, and our results also provide direction for new research avenues. Innovative single-administration SEI measures, such as implicit measures, may still adequately gauge SEI, and authors should consider perceived SEI separately from SEI itself. Perceived SEI may be an important aspect of self-perceptions that leads to distinct personal outcomes that are not predicted by SEI or other commonly studied variables.
RNA binding antibodies as tools for probing transcriptomes

A are powerful reagents for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapeutics. The vast majority of antibody applications have focused on targeting features of the terrestrial proteome. Engineering antibodies to bind RNA directly offers a way to harness powerful technologies to study transcriptomes. We are developing phage display antibody libraries for engineering antibodies that recognize structured RNAs with high affinity and specificity. In one particular application, we are using the antibodies as chaperones for the crystallization and structure determination of RNAs.
Characterizing Mathematics Graduate Student Teaching Assistants’ Opportunities to Learn from Teaching

Exemplary models to inform novice instruction and the development of graduate teaching assistants (TAs) exist. What is missing from the literature is the process of how graduate students in model professional development programs make sense of and enact the experiences offered. A first step to understanding TAs’ learning to teach is to characterize how and whether they link observations of student work to hypotheses about student thinking and then connect those hypotheses to future teaching actions. A reason to be interested in these connections is that their strength and coherence determine how well TAs can learn from experiences. We found TAs can connect observations and future teaching, but that the connections vary in quality. Our analysis suggests future revisions to TA development programs, which we discuss in the conclusion.
Analysis of PMU algorithm errors during fault transients and out-of-step disturbances

Various applications of synchrophasors in power system protection may be impacted by the measurement errors and limitations originated from the estimation algorithms in the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). While standard C37.118.1a-2014 has specified the permissible limits for PMU measurement errors under various static and dynamic test conditions, the impacts of such errors on the protection related applications in power systems are rather unknown. Knowledge on how the errors introduced by various phasor estimation algorithms affect the accuracy of protection applications could help speeding up the deployment of synchrophasor technology in real-world protection applications. This paper introduces an analytical support tool that is able to evaluate the performance of PMU estimation algorithms under fault transients and out-of-step disturbances. Actual tests are performed using the synchrophasor calibration set up.