cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow Regulation of 72-kD Collagenase IV (MMP-2) After Experimental Arterial Injury

Background—MMP-2 plays a key role in basement membrane degradation and in the migration of proliferating smooth muscle cells after vascular injury. Because low flow and shear stress have been related to the localization and progression of intimal hyperplasia, we hypothesized that flow conditions modulate in vivo MMP-2 transcription and activity in a model of injury-induced intimal thickening. Methods and Results—The right common carotid artery (CCA) was balloon-injured in 21 New Zealand White male rabbits. Flow was thereafter preserved (normal flow, n=7), reduced by partial outflow occlusion (low flow, n=7), or increased by ligation of the left CCA (high flow, n=7). In 15 other animals (controls without injury), flow was reduced (n=5), increased (n=5), or preserved (n=5). Mean blood flow and pressure in the right CCA were measured before and after flow modulation (day 0) and before the rabbits were killed (day 7). Northern analysis, gelatin-gel zymography, and fluorometric assays were performed on day 7 t...
Identifying annual peaks in dielectric profiles with a selection curve

A novel ‘selection curve’ method is developed to interpret annual layers in the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core based on dielectric properties (DEP). Because dielectric measurements are non-contact and represent the integrated response of the ice volume, they are particularly useful for the brittle zone of the core. Seasonal differences in ice chemistry create an annual signal in DEP, though multiple peaks of varying strength within a year may complicate the interpretation of annual layers. The selection curve algorithm uses a spline curve whose shape selects successive annual peaks in plots of DEP. This spline curve was scaled to the average annual-layer thickness at a given depth, where the layer thickness was best estimated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) power spectrum within a sliding 10 m window. To explore the accuracy and stability of the method, several spline curves were generated from varying lengths of calibration data taken from multiple depths in the WAIS core. Using 50 m of manually interpreted calibration data, the selection curve method matched a manual interpretation throughout the entire 1200 m dataset to within 2% root-mean-square error (RMSE). This method is equally applicable to glaciochemical and other time/depth series measurements.
Reliability of DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria Using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA)

Abstract The semi-structured assessment for drug dependence and alcoholism (SSADDA) yields reliable DSM-IV diagnoses for a variety of psychiatric disorders, including alcohol and drug dependence. This study examines the reliability of individual DSM-IV criteria for lifetime substance dependence diagnoses and the impact of those criteria on diagnostic reliability. Methods Two hundred ninety-three subjects (52.2% women; 38.2% African American, 46.8% European American, 7.5% Hispanic) were interviewed twice over a 2-week period to examine the inter-rater reliability (n = 173) or test–retest reliability (n = 120) of the SSADDA. Cohen's κ-statistic and its confidence interval were used to assess the reliability of individual diagnostic criteria. Results Overall, the inter-rater reliability estimates were excellent for individual DSM-IV criteria for nicotine and opioid dependence; good for alcohol and cocaine dependence, and fair for dependence on cannabis, sedatives and stimulants. The impact of any individual criterion on diagnostic reliability was minimal, consistent with the notion that the DSM-IV diagnosis of substance dependence measures an underlying construct that is relatively consistent across specific groups of substances. Conclusions These results, combined with results from a study of the SSADDA's diagnostic reliability [Pierucci-Lagha, A., Gelernter, J., Feinn, R., Cubells, J.F., Pearson, D., Pollastri, A., Farrer, L., Kranzler, H.R., 2005. Diagnostic reliability of the semi-structured assessment for drug dependence and alcoholism (SSADDA). Drug Alcohol Depend. 80, 303–312], show that the instrument can be used reliably to assess substance dependence.
The Economic Conditions of Child Physical Abuse: A Call for a National Research, Policy, and Practice Agenda:

Child physical abuse and economic hardship are two of the most pervasive social problems addressed by the social work profession. Despite empirical evidence that child physical abuse is associated with economic disparities, the field of child welfare lacks a national, coordinated agenda for economic hardship prevention. We review social scientific studies that demonstrate the links between child abuse and a range of economic stressors, including poverty, unemployment, and material hardships. Implications for research, practice, and policy are presented, which could enhance the financial well-being of low-income families at risk of child physical abuse.
Glioblastoma in multiple sclerosis: a case report

Cerebral tumor and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses can show overlapping clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. In a previous study we observed in relapsing MS patients increased T-bet, pSTAT1, and pSTAT3 expressions in circulating mononuclear cells. During the data analysis we observed that T-bet, pSTAT1, and pSTAT3 expression was not increased in circulating mononuclear cells from a relapsing-remitting (RR)MS patient with recent onset of new neurological signs due to glioblastoma multiforme. In conclusion, our patient represents an exemplary case which suggests that T-bet, pSTAT1, and pSTAT3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) might be useful to differentiate MS relapses from other noninflammatory diseases.
The American Eclipse

WILL you grant me space for a few words on my spectroscopic observations of the American eclipse, and what seem to me the inferences to be drawn from them? I make the request the more freely because I have met from time to time allusions to them in your journal, and remarks, some of which seem to require my notice, if only to express my appreciation of the considerate courtesy with which they have been treated by gentlemen who differ very widely from my conclusions.
Infrared spectroscopy of hydrated halide ion clusters

Clusters composed of solvated ions provide a valuable prototype system for studying molecular aspects of solvation. Vibrational spectroscopy can provide insight into how the solvent structure around an ion evolves with cluster size. We describe studies which illustrate the effects of adding small numbers of solvent molecules to anions. Halide ions are among the most ubiquitous and fundamental anions in aqueous chemistry. Recent calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy experiments suggest that hydrated halide ion clusters X-(H2O)n have structures in which the anion binds to the surface of water clusters, rather than being surrounded by solvent water molecules (so-called interior states). We have observed infrared spectra for a series of solvated chloride ions which can be assigned with the aid of ab initio calculations. We find that for the chloride ion the water molecules tend to associate, but that water-water hydrogen bonds are not necessarily formed at the smallest size. Our results suggest the importance of entropic factors in these floppy clusters. Evidence is also found for a possible transition to liquid-like structures at a critical cluster size.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transfer Function Tracking of a Linear Time-Varying System by Means of Orthogonal Networks

This paper is concerned with a linear system whose transfer function can be represented by the gain constant, poles, and zeros, the parameters of the system. These parameters vary with time in an unknown manner. A scheme is presented in which these parameters are tracked. The system can be readily realized in terms of simple analogue components. The novel idea presented here lies in the fact that both poles and zeros of the unknown system are adjusted independently by the tracking system. Other similar schemes use fixed poles and adjustable gains.
Weapons in Space: The Need to Protect Space Assets

Space assets represent the most critical undefended resource of the United States. Though the government has clearly been aware of this weakness for over a generation, little appears to have been done about it. Every day these assets become more critical, and the threats against them are growing in kind. The United States must address these threats in order to prevent potential future issues in regard to military command and control, as well as the American way of life. This article not only outlines threats to space assets but proposes means by which U.S. space assets could be protected. Such protection comes not only from technology, which has been capable for years of doing the job, but from policy choice as well. In regard to policy, increasing research and development for space-based weapons, reevaluating existing treaties, and increasing interagency cooperation are all needed to better protect U.S. space assets.
Peripheral Sympathectomy as a Novel Treatment Option for Distal Digital Necrosis Following Parenteral Administration of Promethazine

Promethazine is a commonly used medication to treat nausea and motion sickness. Case reports have recently surfaced on the dangers of parenteral administration of promethazine. We present a case report of a presumed intravenous injection of promethazine into an antecubital intravenous line resulting in necrosis of the ring finger distal to the DIP joint and hypoperfusion of the digits. Peripheral sympathectomy was performed to improve nutritional flow and improve ischemic pain. However, although this novel treatment option was successful, ultimately the patient had an amputation of her ring finger at the level of her middle phalanx. Although no proven successful treatment exists, the updated treatment options following inadvertent intra-arterial or perivascular administration are presented. Given the limited success of current treatment options for intra-arterial or perivascular extravasation, the staggering medical malpractice awards in such cases, and the numerous therapeutic alternatives to promethazine, the medical community should question the safety and continued administration of promethazine by an intravenous route.
Hold me tightly LOV

Mutations that increase the dynamic range of a photoswitchable protein may be used to improve other such photoswitches and increase their potential for allosteric control of protein activity in live cells.
15N Nuclear magnetic resonance of some pyrazines, 1,2,4-triazines and their N-oxides. Correlation and interrelationship of 15N with 13C chemical shifts of π-deficient heterocyclic systems

Abstract The 15N chemical shifts of a number of pyrazines, 1,2,4-triazines, and their N-oxides are reported. The shielding effects of a substituent ortho to a ring nitrogen on that nitrogen atom depend on the π-deficiency of the heterocyclic ring. These π-deficiency values are related to ortho 13C chemical shifts in substituted benzenes. A new relationship between 13C and 15N chemical shifts of several π-deficient heteroaromatic compounds is described. The N-oxides of pyrazine and 1,2,4-triazine show significant “backdonation” to the groundstate of these ring systems. This contribution becomes more important as the number of nitrogens in the ring increases. The “backdonation” is also reflected by a significant shielding of nitrogen atoms α and/or γ to the N-oxide group.
On corrin biosynthesis

Abstract A scheme is proposed for the biosynthesis of vitamin B 12 which proceeds via the intermediary of a cobalt porphyrin.
Effects of Linopirdine (DuP 996) and X9121 on Age-Related Memory Impairments and on the Cholinergic System

Linopirdine (DuP 996) has been shown to enhance K+-stimulated release of acetyl- choline from cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of rats in vitro. X9121 is a structurally different compound identified as having similar release properties. The present experiments com- pare the effects of linopirdine and X9121 on cognitive deficits in aged rats, and on the pharmaco- logical properties in young rats. For cognitive testing, aged male Fischer-344 rats (24 months old, n = 116) received either vehicle or one of 5 doses of linopirdine or X9121 prior to behavioral testing; young rats (4 months old, n = 13) were controls and received vehicle prior to testing. Place discrimination and repeated acquisition were tested in the water maze, and a variety of sensori- motor tasks were given. Aging impaired performance in all tasks. Linopirdine (0.25, 2.5, and 8.5 mg/kg PO LO.64, 7.4, and 25 pnol/kgl) and X9121 (0.85 and 8.5 mg/kg PO (2.1 and 24 pmollkg)) moderately improved place discrimination. None of the doses tested improved repeated acquisi- tion or sensorimotor function. No behavioral indications of toxicity were observed. Acetylcholine release, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and nicotinic and muscarinic binding were mea- sured in vitro in cerebral cortical tissue from young male Wistar rats (2 months old). Both linopir- dine and X9121 enhanced K+-stimulated release from cerebral cortex; X9121 produced greater release with a broader range of active concentrations. Linopirdine weakly inhibited AChE (1,000 x weaker than physostigmine) and X9121 did not. Neither drug bound significantly to muscarinic or nicotinic cholinergic receptors. These results support the hypothesis that linopirdine and X9121 have some cognition enhancing properties which may be due to enhancement of stirnulation- induced acetylcholine release. These results suggest that linopirdine and X9121 may be useful in treating disorders involving cognitive impairment. o 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and copolymerization of halogen phenyl-substituted methyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates with styrene

Halogen phenyl-substituted methyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RC 6 H 4 CH=C(CN)CO 2 CH 3 (R= 2-fluoro, 3-fluoro, 2-bromo, and 3-bromo), were prepared by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of corresponding substituted benzaldehydes and methyl cyanoacetate. Novel copolymers of the propenoates and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator. The order of relative reactivity (I/r 1 ) was 3Br (3.02) > 2Br (2.63) > 3F (1.84) > 2F (1.66). High glass transition temperatures of the copolymers compared that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymers due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit.
Neonatal Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Childhood: Case Report and Review of the English-Language Literature

Acute hemorrhagic edema of childhood is an unusual form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis previously reported in children age 4 months to 3 years. The etiology remains unknown, however, many authors describe the process as an immune-mediated vasculitis in response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. We report a case of congenital acute hemorrhagic edema of childhood associated with maternal gastroenteritis six weeks before delivery.
Subretinal neovascularization in senile macular degeneration.

When fluorescein angiograms from 563 patients with senile macular degeneration examined at a large community hospital during a 9.5-year period were retrospectively reviewed, 200 patients were found to have a dry atrophic type of senile macular degeneration, consisting of drusen and retinal pigment epithelial changes. Of the 363 patients with exudative senile macular degeneration, 244 had subretinal neovascular membranes. Seventy-eight membranes were less than 1 disk diameter in size. Most of the large (157 of 224) and small (44 of 78) membranes showed a predilection for the fovea. Only 13 large and six small neovascular membranes were 200 μ or more from the center of the foveal avascular zone.
Construction of hybrid templates from collected and simulated data for SAR ATR algorithms

In this paper we describe a hybrid method of using collected and computer generated signatures for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithms. Currently, there is significant activity in developing both model-based (e.g. MSTAR) and collected template-based (e.g. STARLOS, SAIP) approaches. Each approach has significant strengths and weaknesses. The strength of the model-based approach is that it can finely sample the many competing hypotheses that describe the data under test. Collected template-based approaches have a strong sense of realism due to the fact that the templates were collected using actual deployed targets and SAR systems. A hybrid approach attempts to meld the strengths of both. We describe methodologies for determining which segments of a reference signature should be provided by collected data or models and how they should be combined. We also show that these new hybrid templates outperform either a model-only or collected template-only approach for target classification. ATR performance results are provided in the form of ROC curves. Also, some topics for future research are discussed.
The adiabatic connection method: a non-empirical hybrid

Abstract For systems in which generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) work better for exchange-correlation energies than for exchange alone, a simple hybrid of GGA energies with the exact exchange energy is derived which improves the GGA result. A criterion is given which shows when this hybrid makes the greatest improvement. Results for molecules are given, showing that multiply bonded systems are most improved.
Challenges and considerations for the design and production of a purpose-optimized body-worn wrist watch computer

We outline a collection of technological challenges in the design of wearable computers with a focus on one of the most desirable form-factors, the wrist watch. We describe our experience with building three generations of wrist watch computers. We built these research prototypes as platforms to investigate the fundamental limitations of wearable computing. Results of our investigations are presented in the form of challenges that have been overcome and those that still remain.
Structures of sodium metal.

The martensitic transformation in sodium metal has been studied using neutron-diffraction and neutron-inelastic-scattering techniques. In two separate experiments the transformation was observed on cooling near 32 K. Measurements of the diffuse scattering, diffraction linewidths, quasielastic scattering, and the temperature dependence of the [Sigma][sub 4][[ital hh]0] phonon energies above the transformation show no evidence of transformation precursors. The sodium martensite appears as 24 rhombohedral variants, four about each bcc (110), with reflections from their basal planes at (1.018, 0.92, [plus minus]0.06), (0.92, 1.018, [plus minus]0.06), and equivalent points. The layer stacking order of the variants is fixed by their relationship to the host bcc material. The crystallography of the low-temperature phase is shown to be a complex mixture of stacking-fault-affected rhombohedral polytypes of a particular almost-hexagonal'' structure. These form a ladder of structures connected, one to another, by stacking faults. As the martensite is warmed and before the complete reversion to a bcc structure, the relative fraction of the different martensite phases changes. Near 55 K, the longest-period polytypes are the most stable.
Family cohesion in remarried families

Clinicians have identified family cohesion as an important variable in remarried family well-being. However, the empirical literature provides little support to validate the claim that family cohesion is more important for remarried families than in first marriage families. The purpose of this study was to examine family cohesion in remarried families and to compare their levels of cohesion with those of a national random sample of intact, first marriage families. Family cohesion was assessed in a random sample of 68 remarried families using FACES III. The results suggest that except in the case of remarried families with adolescents, family cohesion is more similar in remarried families and intact, first marriage families than previously thought. Implications of the findings for practitioners are also discussed.
Functional binding interaction identified between the axonal CAM L1 and members of the ERM family

A yeast two-hybrid library was screened using the cytoplasmic domain of the axonal cell adhesion molecule L1 to identify binding partners that may be involved in the regulation of L1 function. The intracellular domain of L1 bound to ezrin, a member of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family of membrane-cytoskeleton linking proteins, at a site overlapping that for AP2, a clathrin adaptor. Binding of bacterial fusion proteins confirmed this interaction. To determine whether ERM proteins interact with L1 in vivo, extracellular antibodies to L1 were used to force cluster the protein on cultured hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells, which were then immunolabeled for ERM proteins. Confocal analysis revealed a precise pattern of codistribution between ERMs and L1 clusters in axons and PC12 neurites, whereas ERMs in dendrites and spectrin labeling remained evenly distributed. Transfection of hippocampal neurons grown on an L1 substrate with a dominant negative ERM construct resulted in extensive and abnormal elaboration of membrane protrusions and an increase in axon branching, highlighting the importance of the ERM-actin interaction in axon development. Together, our data indicate that L1 binds directly to members of the ERM family and suggest this association may coordinate aspects of axonal morphogenesis.
PAR-3 is a low-affinity substrate, high affinity effector of thrombin

Abstract A polypeptide corresponding to the extracellular domain of protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR-3) is hydrolyzed by thrombin slowly because of high KM (>100 μM). However, thrombin is found to bind two PAR-3, one without catalyzing hydrolysis or blocking the active site, while the other is hydrolyzed. In a solvent lacking Na+, hydrolysis of a nitroanilide substrate is enhanced 1.6-fold by addition of PAR-3 polypeptide, with half-saturation at 2.5 μM. In contrast, the fibrinogen clotting activity of thrombin is inhibited completely by PAR-3, with a KI of 3 μM. None of the activities of thrombin are affected by addition of 50 μM PAR-4 polypeptide. Thus, PAR-3 in low concentrations binds thrombin in a configuration that blocks the anion-binding exosite but not the catalytic site, while hydrolysis of PAR-3, PAR-4, and other substrates that do not interact with exosite I persists. The allosteric effect of PAR-3 is characteristic of that of Na+.
Ultrastructural and Protargol Studies of Lagenophrys callinectes (Ciliophora: Peritrichida)*

SYNOPSIS Ultrastructural and protargol studies reveal that the trophont of Lagenophrys callinectes, though highly specialized, generally conforms to the basic peritrich structural pattern. Features described for L. callinectes trophonts which are unique for the genus are the fine structure and arrangement of the lorica and lips, the attachment organelle of the peristomial cytoplasm, its attachment to the loricastome walls, and the arrangement of the aboral kinetosomes of the trophont. Lack of a distinct scopularized region, and of a ventral lorica wall also characterize L. callinectes trophonts. The 4-row terminal peniculus, as revealed by protargol staining, differs from the 6-row terminal peniculus of L. nassa suggesting that the patterns of infundibular structure, as revealed by protargol, should be useful in future taxonomic studies of Lagenophrys species.
Teaching basic discriminations to handicapped and non-handicapped individuals through a dynamic presentation of instructional stimuli

Abstract Recent research indicates that variables such as how examples are selected for an instructional sequence, and how instructional stimuli are sequenced, affect how efficiently individuals learn basic discriminations. The present studies investigate the efficacy of another instructional technique, the dynamic presentations of exemplars of a basic concept. Four studies compared static versus dynamic presentations of examples and non-examples of the concepts “diagonal” and “convex”, involving discriminations similar to those taught in basic language and vocational programs. In the first two studies, subjects were non-handicapped children in preschool; in the third study, the sample consisted of mildly handicapped children in the primary grades. The fourth sample consisted of severely handicapped adults in a work activity center. In each case, subjects taught with a dynamic presentation learned the discrimination in significantly fewer trials, and performance was either equivalent or significantly superior on transfer tests. This indicates that the dynamic presentation is more efficient, yet entails no ensuing loss of occuracy.
Pregnancy hormone concentrations in marijuana users.

Abstract The maternal serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-specific beta-l-glycoprotein, placental lactogen, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol and estriol were measured in 13 women who smoked marijuana regularly throughout pregnancy. Cannabinoid use in these women was confirmed by RIA measurements of their sum Δ 9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. These THC using women were matched within 2 1 2 weeks of gestational age with 13 pregnant non-THC using controls drawn from the same population. Placental protein and steroid hormone concentrations were within established normal ranges for gestational age and there were no significant differences between the groups in the concentrations of any of the protein and steroids measured. In addition, no significant differences between THC users were found following linear regression analysis of placental hormone concentrations as a function of gestational age. Thus, this study suggests that marijuana use during pregnancy does not significantly alter the circulating maternal concentrations of trophoblastic protein hormones or major fetoplacental steroid hormones.
The dynamic mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of phthalocyanine polymers

The dynamic mechanical properties of a series of phthalocyanine polymers with varying aliphatic chain length linking stable phthalocyanine nuclei have been studied. Dynamic shear modulus and polymer loss factor were determined using a torsion pendulum. Polymer fracture energies were also determined using both the standard compact tension specimens and double-tapered cantilever beam specimens. The results showed that both the dynamic shear modulus and the glass transition temperature increased with decreasing molecular flexibility and increasing extent of cure. The fracture energies increased with increasing molecular flexibility. It was also shown that extended thermal treatment could greatly embrittle the thermosetting polymers and hence reduce the fracture toughness, even though such treatments usually promoted crosslinking leading to higher moduli and glass transition temperatures for these polymers.
Primary Subglottic Cancer

This retrospective study reviews 39 patients with primary subglottic cancer seen between 1955 and 1988 by the Department of Otolaryngology at Washington University. This number constitutes 1.8% of laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed during this period. Twenty-eight patients (71.8%) had epidermoid cancer, of which 19 (67.9%) had "early" disease (stages I and II), and nine (32.1%) had "advanced" (stages III and IV). Overall 5-year survival was 57.7%. Disease-free survival was 46.2%. Patients treated with radiotherapy alone, surgery alone, or both had disease-free 5-year survivals of 22.2%, 41.7%, and 100%, respectively. Combination therapy showed a significantly higher (P < .01) disease-free survival than radiotherapy alone.
The thoracic outlet syndromes

The term thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders, all of which have in common compression of one or more neurovascular elements at some point within the thoracic outlet. Of the five disorders comprising this group, four have all of the features expected of a syndrome—a recognized constellation of clinical features; an anatomic derangement accounting for these features; and a method of testing that identifies the anatomic derangement. Consequently, their recognition and management are relatively straightforward. Conversely, one of these five disorders (nonspecific TOS) lacks these correlations, which has generated considerable debate in the literature and caused some experts to doubt its existence altogether. The primary focus in this study is on the neurologic forms of TOS. However, for completeness and a better understanding of these neurologic manifestations, the vascular forms are also reviewed. Muscle Nerve 45: 780–795, 2012
Gero-oncology nursing research

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To analyze the development of gero-oncology research through a critical review of nursing and other relevant research as well as the present state of practice. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, book chapters, and personal experience. DATA SYNTHESIS Cancer in older adults is viewed through two investigative perspectives. The assumptions, questions, theoretical frames, and research design that follow from these investigative perspectives do not adequately meet the need to examine the interplay of responses to aging, cancer, and nursing practice. The mismatch of need, knowledge, and resources marks older adults with cancer as a special population in need of far more sophisticated research. With the synthesis of a new perspective, gero-oncology nursing research becomes age focused, more precisely shaping theoretical, methodologic, and analytic approaches. CONCLUSIONS Uniform attachment of chronologic age or other simple age-related variables to investigations, which is the primary consideration of age-related research, is irrelevant for older adults who are diagnosed with, treated for, live with, survive, and die from cancer. Shaping the next phase of gero-oncology research with a focus on age precisely integrates theoretical, methodologic, and analytic approaches through language specific to older adults and cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Shifting perspectives in gero-oncology nursing research will better inform future practice.
Extinct Mountain Goat (Oreamnos harringtoni) in Southeastern Utah

The extinct Harrington's mountain goat (Oreamnos harringtoni Stock) is predominantly known from dry cave localities in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, in addition to two sites in the Great Basin, Nevada, and from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A dry shelter in Natural Bridges National Monument, on the central Colorado Plateau, southeastern Utah, preserves numerous remains of the extinct mountain goat in addition to pack rat middens. Remains from a 100-cm stratigraphic profile indicate that O. harringtoni lived on the plateau >39,800 yr B.P., the oldest directly dated find of extinct mountain goat. Plant macrofossils indicate that Engelmann's spruce (Picea engelmannii), limber pine (Pinus flexilis), rose (Rosa cf. woodsii), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) grew during the late Pleistocene where a riparian and a pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) community now predominates; Douglas fir are found only in mesic, protected, north-facing areas. Limber pine, Douglas fir, bark, and grasses were the major dietary components in the dung. A springtime diet of birch (Betula) is determined from pollen clumps in dung pellets.
Performance implications of distributor effectiveness, trust, and culture in import channels of distribution

Abstract Recent research has highlighted the need to examine international channels of distribution from the viewpoint of the industrial distributor, with a focus on how distributors may add value to their channel relationships. The present research responds to such calls and focuses on the value added in terms of the extent of channel functions undertaken by the distributor on behalf of export-manufacturers. Trust is also examined as a source of added value that may be particularly important for cross-cultural relationships. Trust is investigated for its mediating effects on otherwise detrimental effects of cultural value differences. We also examine the presence of explicit legal contracts used to govern channel relationships and find that the use of such contracts may also hinder distributor perceptions of performance.
Local production of B lymphocyte stimulator protein and APRIL in arthritic joints of patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Objective To determine whether synovial fluid (SF) levels and cell-surface expression of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) protein and SF levels of APRIL are elevated in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Methods Same-day blood and SF samples from 89 patients with 103 knee effusions (81 knees with IA and 22 with noninflammatory arthritis [NIA]) were evaluated for BLyS protein and APRIL levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood and SF mononuclear cells were double-stained for surface BLyS protein and surface CD14 (monocyte marker) and were analyzed by flow cytometry. Complete blood cell counts and SF nucleated cell counts were performed by the clinical hematology laboratory. Results BLyS protein levels were higher in SF than in corresponding serum samples from both IA and NIA patients. SF BLyS protein levels, but not surface expression of BLyS protein, were disproportionately elevated in IA patients. APRIL levels were higher in SF than in corresponding serum samples from most IA patients but not NIA patients. SF BLyS protein and APRIL levels correlated with each other, and each correlated with SF monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and total nucleated cell counts. Although SF and serum BLyS protein levels correlated with each other, SF and serum APRIL levels did not, suggesting that SF BLyS protein levels are more dependent upon systemic factors than are SF APRIL levels. Moreover, in 8 patients who underwent sequential arthrocenteses, changes in SF BLyS protein levels did not immutably parallel changes in SF APRIL levels, indicating their differential regulation. Conclusion BLyS protein and APRIL are locally produced in inflamed joints. Their respective SF levels are differentially regulated, suggesting that they serve different functions. Together, their local production may foster survival and/or expansion of B cells that produce pathogenic autoantibodies and/or promote local T cell activation and consequent joint destruction.
Seizures and demineralization of the skull A diagnostic presentation of rickets

We present four infants with seizures, and one without seizures, in whom the diagnosis of rickets was first suggested because of a demineralized skull. A review of the skull films in all of our patients with rickets showed that 20 of 25 (80%) showed demineralization. Demineralization of the skull is a common and important feature of rickets. Furthermore, as demonstrated by our cases, it may be the first clue to the presence of rickets in certain infants.
Bribery and inspection technology

The e-government movement advocates increased use of technology to improve government efficiency and reduce corruption by reducing the discretionary power of government officials. This paper studies the relationship between improvements in inspection technology within a Principal-Supervisor-Agent model, where the supervisor is an inspector who is hired by the principal to investigate the agent’s potentially illegal actions. We show that when technology increases the marginal or total productivity of the supervisor’s effort, improvements in inspection technology encourage some types of bribery. Although such technological improvements induce an equilibrium with bribery, compliance and social welfare can still rise. However, when technology and supervisory effort are sufficiently substitutable, improvements in technology may reduce compliance when bribery occurs in equilibrium even when those same technological improvements would have raised compliance in the absence of bribery. We also characterize the relationship between the principal’s socially optimal technology and the anti-corruption policy available to the principal and find that the socially optimal inspection technology may be a substitute for or a complement to the anti-corruption policy. Finally, we show that for any set of policies that optimally induces a no-bribe equilibrium, there exists another set of policies that induces an equilibrium with bribery that is pareto superior to it.
Radial Dependency of Reliability Defects on Silicon Wafers

A study analyzing reliability defects with respect to their original wafer location has recently been completed at IBM Burlington. The results of this study, which showed such defects to have a high radial dependency, are discussed herein. Equally important to these results is the process by which the results were obtained, a process termed Laser Chip ID. This process of permanently identifying chips by using a laser was found to be extremely useful and is also discussed in this paper.
Informed short sales and option introductions

This study examines how the introduction of options affects the level of informed short selling. In particular, we test whether option introductions increases or decreases the level of informed short selling. Our tests are motivated by a theoretical debate in the literature. The first stream of literature argues that introducing options into markets may increase speculative trading which can result in less informed trading when informed traders perceive speculative trades as noise. The second stream argues that introducing options into markets improves the informational environment of the market because option prices provide an additional information mechanism for informed traders. We approximate informed short selling by examining (i) non-exempt short sales, (ii) contrarian short-selling activity, and (iii) the return predictability contained in shorting activity. Results show that non-exempt shorting activity increases after options become available. Further, we show that both the level of contrarian short selling and the return predictability contained in short selling increase after options are listed. Our results suggest that informed short selling increases after options are introduced.
Theory of phase correlations in localized inelastic electron diffraction and imaging

Abstract A dynamical theory is proposed starting from the coupled wave equations for describing inelastic electron scattering in perfect crystals and crystals with defects. The phase correlations of the localized inelastic scattering occurring at different atomic sites can be statistically evaluated before any numerical calculations, essentially providing an easy way for treating coherence, incoherence or partial coherence in dynamical electron diffraction. The time average of electron diffraction from the lattices of different thermal vibration configurations can be performed in just a single calculation. It is shown that the phase correlations of atomic vibrations result in streaking of electron diffraction spots. The possible streaks in 2D reciprocal space τ can be predicted by examining Σ l Σ l 1 cos[ τ ·( R l − R l 1 )] for a monatomic system , where R l and R l 1 are the 3D positions of the l th atom within the unit cell and its first nearest neighbors located in the same atomic plane perpendicular to the incidence beam direction, respectively. The TDS streaks are located on lines satisfying τ ·( R l − R l 1 )=0. This rule can also be applied to multiatomic cases if the differences made by atomic structure factors are considered. Also this rule should allow the determination of strong atomic interaction relationships from the orientation of TDS in diffraction patterns. A dynamical diffraction theory is described to calculate the intensities of thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) streaks. Theoretical schemes are described for calculating electron energy-filtered images and diffraction patterns after exciting an atomic inner-shell, and Z -contrast images in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Some experimental evidence is shown to demonstrate spot streaking in electron diffraction and the corresponding theoretical interpretations.
Daily hassles and chronic stressors: conceptual and measurement issues

Researchers have studied similar stressful events under different construct labels. This study examined three explanations for the overlap: definitional confusion, measurement problems associated with using normative measures to assess stressful events and poor measure development. Two types of stressors, hassles and chronic stressors, were used to examine the overlap issue. A literature review indicated that overlapping definitions of hassles and chronic stressors have been widely used by researchers. Items from traditional work and non-work hassles and chronic stressor measures were categorized by 323 hospital employees as either hassles or chronic stressors. Results revealed that items from traditional hassles measures were not consistently categorized by participants as hassles but were categorized by some as chronic stressors. A similar inconsistent categorization was found for chronic stressors. Results suggest that traditional normative measures of hassles and chronic stressors may be inadequate. Implications of these results for acute stressor measurement are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the PEN-3 Model to Plan Culturally Competent Domestic Violence Intervention and Prevention Services in Chinese American and Immigrant Communities.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is two‐fold. First, it applies the PEN‐3 model to the topic of domestic violence within the Chinese American and Chinese immigrant community. The PEN‐3 model was developed by Collins Airhihenbuwa, and it focuses on placing culture at the forefront of health promotion. It consists of three dimensions: cultural identity, relationships and expectations, and cultural empowerment. The article offers practice recommendations from the PEN‐3 analysis to plan culturally relevant and sensitive domestic violence prevention, education, and services targeted to the Chinese American and Chinese immigrant community.Design/methodology/approach – Using existing literature in the areas of domestic violence and health, mental health, and counseling interventions with Chinese Americans and immigrants, the PEN‐3 model, as an organizing framework, was applied to understand the phenomenon of domestic violence among Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants in the United States.Findings – How...
Distribution of nucleotides in Escherichia coli DNA from λ transducing phages

Abstract We have analyzed the region in the chromosome of Escherichia coli adjacent to the λ insertion site by examining DNA of selected lines of transducing phages λ-gal and λ-bio. We found that bacterial DNA for a distance of at least 0.32 fractional length of λ, to the left of the insertion site, contains a fairly uniform distribution of nucleotides and is about 51% in guanine + cytosine content. Bacterial DNA for about 0.22 fractional distance to the right of the insertion site contains a less uniform distribution of nucleotides with average composition about 54% G + C. The over-all distribution of nucleotides in the gal-bio region of E. coli does not resemble that in the λ DNA molecule. DNA-DNA hybridization tests suggest that the gal region contains more sequence similarities with λ DNA than does unfractionated E. coli DNA, but the gal-homologous sequences seem equally distributed in both the left and right arms of the λ molecule. Analysis of a defective bio-transducing phage which, in addition to the bio-A-marker, contains a section of about 0.25 fractional length of DNA from an unknown location(s) on the bacterial chromosome gave contrasting results: the bacterial component of this phage DNA contains at least three distinct segments with nucleotide distributions similar to those in the right arm of λ. From left to right, the first, which includes the bio-A marker, is about 0.10 fractional length and contains about 43% G + C; the next is about 0.05 fractional length and 37% G + C; and the third is about 0.08 fractional length and 45% G + C. These are followed by a region (of uncertain length) that contains 43% G + C. About half of the nucleotide sequences in this section of bacterial DNA are similar to those in λ's right arm. Our analyses place the phage attachment site in a 43% G + C segment, about 0.57 fractional length from the left end of λ DNA (Skalka, Burgi & Hershey, 1968). The λ insertion site appears to be at or near the left edge of a very short segment in the bacterial DNA which also contains 43% G + C.
Response factors in verbal learning and transfer

Two experiments investigated the role of responses in organizing unrelated stimulus materials and altering performance in shift paradigms. In Exp. I free recall tests given after paired-associate training involving unrelated stimulus words mapped onto single-digit responses in a 4:1 ratio showed significant clustering around the response members. For Exp. II S s learned unrelated word-number paired-associate lists (again mapped 4:1), whereupon the required responses were shifted, but the new pairings left the response-defined categories undisturbed. Subjects displayed positive transfer on the basis of response-created categories. Learning on the final word-letter list demonstrated response-defined within-category errors equal in magnitude to stimulus-defined within-category errors of control groups.
Modeling and detection of delamination in a composite beam: A polyspectral approach

This work considers the difficult problem of detecting delamination in a composite beam structure based on a polyspectral analysis of the structure's vibrational response. First, a low-dimensional model of the structure is presented that captures the delamination-induced nonlinearity and shows how it influences the beam's dynamic response. A Volterra series solution is then used to approximate the nonlinear beam response. The associated Volterra kernels are derived and then substituted into previously obtained expressions for the power spectral, auto-bispectral and auto-trispectral density functions for multi-degree-of-freedom systems subject to Gaussian distributed, random inputs. The influence of the delamination on the polyspectra is then explored with respect to both delamination size and depth. Specifically, it is shown how the dominant peaks of the polyspectra relate directly to these delamination parameters. The limits of polyspectral approaches to delamination detection are presented.
Sonic hedgehog regulates proliferation of the retinal ciliary marginal zone in posthatch chicks

The ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) has long been known to be a source of postembryonic neuronal production in the retinas of fish and amphibians, and more recently, birds. However, there is little known about the factors that are required for the maintenance of this neural stem cell zone. The cells of the CMZ respond to mitogens such as endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin, factors that are also mitogenic for embryonic retinal progenitors, suggesting that the continued expression of embryonic mitogenic factors might be required to maintain the postembryonic proliferative potential of the CMZ. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression and functional role of a critical embryonic retinal progenitor mitogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the regulation of proliferation of the cells of the CMZ. We have found that Shh is concentrated at the retinal margin of postembryonic chicks. Moreover, we report that intraocular injection of Shh stimulates proliferation of the CMZ cells, whereas cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the Shh pathway, inhibits CMZ proliferation. We conclude that Shh signaling is an important factor in the maintenance of postembryonic retinal neurogenesis.