cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Multilingual Identities in Computer Science Education

Too often, educators assume that multilingual students come to school without the conceptual or linguistic resources necessary for learning the subjects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To address this issue, K-12 STEM educational policymakers have called for instructional models that build on language learners’ existing resources, opening new possibilities for computer science education. In connecting an upper elementary computer science curriculum to students’ lives and interests, this qualitative study explores how multilingual students leverage their identities to support disciplinary skills development. Using data from student semi-structured interviews, we find here that multilingual students express their identities through computing and that this expression supports positive social and academic outcomes in the classroom.
Application signature: a new way to predict application performance

Advances in digital computers have been spectacular but increasingly complex to model. Even the cycle-accurate simulators, which are costly to develop and run have questionable accuracy. This thesis provides a simple, accurate, scientifically proven, and analytic model to accurately predict the performance of real applications. The method creates two profiles as a function of time or problem sizes. The first profile, Hardware Signature, that reveals computer hardware speed, is obtained by running a universal benchmark, HINT or by running an analytical model, AHINT. The second profile, Application Signature (APPMAP), that divulges intrinsic application requirements, can be obtained by four different methods outlined in the thesis. The convolution of these two profiles are used to predict real application performance. The model was tested using 25000 performance measurements and was validated by determining Pearson's correlation, Spearman's rank correlation and maximum deviation from linearity. Furthermore, through the Hardware Signature of the analytical models, one can obtain precise answers to questions about optimum size of memory, caches, and the numerical precision for a given clock rate.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Indurated Plaque

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that most commonly occurs in elderly Caucasian males who have a history of extensive sun exposure. Most cases of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) present in the outpatient setting and include a single, asymptomatic, red or pink lesion on sun exposed areas with a diameter less than 2 cm. There was a threefold increase in the incidence of MCC from 1986 to 2001, and the incidence of MCC is predicted to continue to increase secondary to the aging “baby boomer” population.To our knowledge, there are only two case reports that describe MCC resembling and receiving the diagnosis of cellulitis at initial presentation. We report an unusual case of MCC presenting as suspected cellulitis of the chest wall in an elderly Caucasian male.
Adoption of Active Surveillance for Very Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the United States: A National Survey

CONTEXT Active surveillance (AS) of thyroid cancer with serial ultrasounds is a newer management option in the United States. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to understand factors associated with the adoption of AS. METHODS We surveyed endocrinologists and surgeons in the American Medical Association Masterfile. To estimate adoption, respondents recommended treatment for 2 hypothetical cases appropriate for AS. Established models of guideline implementation guided questionnaire development. Outcome measures included adoption of AS (nonadopters vs adopters, who respectively did not recommend or recommended AS at least once; and partial vs full adopters, who respectively recommended AS for one or both cases). RESULTS The 464 respondents (33.3% response) demographically represented specialties that treat thyroid cancer. Nonadopters (45.7%) were significantly (P < .001) less likely than adopters to practice in academic settings, see more than 25 thyroid cancer patients/year, be aware of AS, use applicable guidelines (P = .04), know how to determine whether a patient is appropriate for AS, have resources to perform AS, or be motivated to use AS. Nonadopters were also significantly more likely to be anxious or have reservations about AS, be concerned about poor outcomes, or believe AS places a psychological burden on patients. Among adopters, partial and full adopters were similar except partial adopters were less likely to discuss AS with patients (P = .03) and more likely to be anxious (P = .04), have reservations (P = .03), and have concerns about the psychological burden (P = .009) of AS. Few respondents (3.2%) believed patients were aware of AS. CONCLUSION Widespread adoption of AS will require increased patient and physician awareness, interest, and evaluation of outcomes.
Effects of triple preventions in community on the blood pressures of hypertensive patients

Objective:To investigate the effects of triple preventions in community on the blood pressures of hypertensive patients.Method:242 cases of hypertension patients and high-risk patients in community were divided into control group(117 cases) and management group(125 cases),and control group used regular hypertension community prevention and control measures,the management group used tertiary prevention hypertension;Follow-up of 1 year, compare two groups of patients aware of knowledge about prevention and cure of hypertension, community residents satisfaction.Results:Compared with control group, management group was aware of knowledge about prevention and cure of patients with hypertension, community residents' overall evaluation of medical service satisfaction significantly increases(P0.01).Conclusion:It is essential for the application of three-level management model for the prevention and control of high blood pressure,in order to strengthen the guidance and intervention of community residents living habits,achieve good effect in the community prevention and control of high blood pressure.
Interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α are elevated in solid organ transplant recipients with possible cytomegalovirus end-organ disease

End-organ cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease can be life threatening to solid organ transplant recipients. Diagnosis is often complicated by variation in amount of CMV DNA in plasma and the need for an invasive procedure to obtain a biopsy of the suspected affected organ, which can delay recognition and treatment. Several inflammatory cytokines are elevated in CMV disease, and the purpose of this study was to determine if they could be used to distinguish solid organ transplant recipients with CMV DNAemia alone from those with possible end-organ CMV disease. We found that regardless of pre-transplant CMV serostatus, plasma interleukin (IL)-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and amount of CMV DNA in plasma were increased in possible end-organ CMV disease, with elevated IL-18 associated with increased odds of possible end-organ CMV disease even after adjusting for amount of CMV DNA. These findings highlight IL-18 and TNF-α as potential non-invasive markers of possible end-organ CMV disease regardless of transplanted organ or serostatus in solid organ transplant recipients.
The Significance of the Knowledge Problem in the Development of Modern Austrian Economics

Kirzner (2018) has argued that one of the essentially epistemic properties of the market economy that cannot be ignored is the Hayekian division of knowledge. Despite the fact that knowledge being dispersed, tacit, existing in fractions and thus unable to be possessed by a single mind seems to be an obvious empirical observation, its significance was not fully appreciated by the profession until the publication of Hayek's (1945) The Use of Knowledge in Society. Though the initial intention of Hayek when writing the paper was to contribute to the socialist calculation debate, Hayek (1945) represents a broader point of view regarding the dynamic nature of the market. Furthermore, by calling attention to the knowledge problem, the paper of Hayek set forth a whole new path for the development of modern Austrian economics that has been continued to the present. This paper aims at summarizing such a significance and powerful influence.
Finding an effective way to create learning environments for didactic courses in a virtual classroom setting

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced college administrators to do virtual classes using Zoom webinars during the autumn of 2021. The study objective is to examine the relative efficacy of interactive vs non-interactive Zoom webinars in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 era. Methods: These two modes of live Zoom webinars were used for Year 1 Pharmacy students. Two surveys were conducted among students for general feedback on teaching and their preferred type of virtual learning. Results: Amongst the 177 students present, 87 (49%) responded to the first survey, of whom 20 (23%) provided their feedback about the Zoom webinar. Amongst these responders, a relatively higher number of students preferred interactive Zoom webinars with student panellists. Also, of the 177 students, 118 (66.7%) students responded to the second survey on the mode of live Zoom webinars. Amongst the respondents, around 88-99 (74-84%) agreed or strongly agreed that a live Zoom webinar with interactive sessions is more effective than non-interactive sessions. Additionally, 73 (62%) of the respondents preferred five to ten students in the panel. Furthermore, the survey analysis suggested that the effectiveness of interactive sessions is the same irrespective of the instructors. Conclusion: The results concluded that the interactive live Zoom webinar with 5-10 student panellists is effective in creating a learning environment in virtual didactic courses.
Upstream Flood Lowering in Reservoirs

Dams can lower flood levels near upstream limits of their reservoirs. This lowering has been observed at four Tennessee Valley locations. The phenomenon is called upstream flood lowering. It results from increased flow carrying capacity primarily due to deep longstanding reservoir waters in alluvial valleys. This smooths channel linings and eliminates vegetation. The effect occurs early in reservoir life and is permanent. Added quantitative documentation elsewhere is invited worldwide toward identifying parameters which will allow advance prediction of upstream flood lowering in the project planning stage. Major reservoir cost savings can result. The basic paper was presented at the September 8-10, 1954, ASCE Hydraulics Division meeting at Austin, Tex. but was not published. In a l974 addition, 20 yr. of added data confirm upstream flood lowering but show that the lowering was underestimated significantly at one and somewhat at two of the four locations.
The Effect of Young Age in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.

Background. Studies have shown that young breast cancer patients have more advanced disease and worse survival compared to older patients. Our objective was to study disease characteristics and survival in the subset of young women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 negative (HER2−) cancer. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed HR+/HER2− breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at our institution between 2002 and 2010. We compared clinical characteristics, pathology, treatment, and recurrence-free survival between younger (≤40 years) and older (>40 years) patients. Results. Of 669 HR+/HER2− breast cancer cases, 54 (8.1%) patients were 40 years or younger. Younger patients had more luminal B subtype, high grade, poor differentiation, and increased lymphovascular invasion. Younger women were treated more often with mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Although the unadjusted recurrence-free survival at median 55-month follow-up was lower in younger women, adjusting for stage, there was no significant difference (90.7% versus 89.3%, p = 0.74) between groups. Conclusion. Younger patients with HR+/HER2− breast cancer had more advanced disease and more aggressive treatment than older patients. The unfavorable pathologic features suggest a biologically different tumor in young women. After adjusting for these factors, younger patients have a recurrence-free survival similar to older patients.
Mujer, alegoría e imperio en el drama de Miguel de Cervantes El cerco de Numancia

This paper examines the vision of empire offered by Cervantes in his tragedy El cerco de Numancia . It explores the interaction between the two worlds present in the drama: the “real” world of the Numantians and the Romans, and the “symbolic” world of allegorical characters. On the one hand, we can observe certain parallels between the Romans and the Numantian men, which are reinforced by the use of the “theater within theater” motif. On the other hand, the association between Numantian women and the Spanish soil shatters these parallels and presents a possible alternative to militant imperialism. By focusing on the opposition action / inaction, which underlies the tragedy, together with the function of female characters, this analysis intends to outline the national ideal transmitted by Cervantes’ work.
Social Work Education and Students' Humanistic Attitudes

Abstract This article uses a random sample of undergraduate social work students to examine the influence of social work education on students' humanistic attitudes. Regression analysis is utilized to explore the relationship between the number of social work courses completed by students and their attitudes about human nature and social justice. These analyses controlled for the effects of age, gender and race. Results indicate that social work education has a positive association with attitudes concerning human nature, but no relationship to students' attitudes about social justice.
Production of m-Cresol by Valsa friesii

m-Cresol has been isolated from culture filtrates of Valsa friesii. The yield after 10 days of growth on glucose-phytone broth was 160 mg/liter.
Driving Autopilot with Personalization Feature for Improved Safety and Comfort

Self-driving cars are gaining momentum despite the number of considerable technical and human factor issues that remain controversial. Human acceptance and trust of an automated vehicle to transport people in traffic environments under different driving conditions is a challenging task. Perceived, as well as actual safety will play a major role in accepting automated vehicles. Perceptions however vary from one individual to another due to different reaction times, speed perception, and time constants during dynamical changes etc. The closer the automated vehicle dynamics are with those of a manually driven vehicle the more likely that the comfort level of the automated vehicle user will improve. In this paper we review these issues and discuss how the autopilot personalization feature can help to improve both the perceived and actual driving safety and comfort. We present methodology that allows automatic autopilot personalization based on driver performance models. The methodology takes into account driver's preferences for a particular trip and manual parameters fine-tuning by the driver. We demonstrate how the methodology can be applied on an example of adaptive cruise control and automatic lane change personalization. We support the example with data collected on an experimental vehicle.
Emmy Noether: Historical Contexts

“Algebra is fit enough to help us make discoveries, but not fit to bequeath them to posterity.” This sentiment, shared by many rigorous seventeenth century mathematicians, aptly characterizes the subservient place algebra held within mathematics for centuries. It is difficult to conceive even the most ardent nineteenth century champion of algebra suggesting that “algebra is the foundation and tool of all mathematics,” as Emmy Noether would do in 1931 [1].
Real-time occluded object matching using the DWT on a BDFA

Matching of occluded objects is a difficult problem. Moreover, the real-time matching problem is considerable. Real-time implementation is very important in industrial automation. In the paper, the authors propose using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of a boundary to obtain a reduced resolution representation in real-time with the BDFA paradigm. The existing image representation approaches are not effective for real-time occluded object matching since they use a large number of data points. The authors propose a new boundary representation which is generated by locating zero-crossings of the curvature function of boundaries at only the maximum scales where the number of zero-crossings is consistent with the original scale. The proposed representation reduces the number of points in the boundary representation and is appropriate for real-time matching in the presence of occlusion. >
Influenza: a shot or not?

Few viruses have acquired over decades such notoriety as influenza and such interesting sobriquets as "Lady Influenza," "The Last of the Great Plagues," "The Spanish Flu," and "Blitz Katarrh." Each year, sages convene to predict the Lady9s itinerary and wardrobe, her antigenic cloak for the next season9s debut and to thus pick the comparable components for the vaccine. Each fall, reminders and recommendations for immunization are issued, and sentinels across the country pronounce her pace to physicians, public, and press. Despite this annual concern and cost, the vaccine against influenza is poorly used. Less than 20% of those recommended for yearly immunization receive the vaccine, and in children the estimates are as low as 1% to 7%. Influenza vaccine, thus, has the dubious distinction of being associated with the lowest compliance rate of any recommended vaccine in pediatrics.
Relative measurements of tensor components for intrinsic and induced second-order nonlinear susceptibilities in glass optical fibers

Abstract We have measured the x and y components of both the intrinsic and induced second-order nonlinear susceptibilities in glass optical fibers. In addition, we have measured the angular dependence of the intrinsic and induced second-harmonic light intensity as a function of input polarization. Our results are discussed in relation to the models put forward to date to explain second- harmonic generation in optical fibers.
Superconductivity in the Mg-Cd system: Extrapolated Tc for pure magnesium

Abstract Measurements of superconducting transition temperatures for the system Mg-Cd are reported. An extrapolation from the data on Mg-rich alloys gives a value of T c = 0.5 m°K for pure magnesium.
The Importance of Being Honest: Verifying Citations, Rereading Historical Sources, and Establishing Authority in the Great Karamoja Debate

Anthropologists pay considerable attention to the writing style, the construction of a text, and the question of ethnographic authority, particularly since Derek Freeman's critique of Margaret Mead's Samoa writings. Although the issue of representation of the history and culture of far-flung peoples in the form of the written report is a long and distinguished tradition in the field of cultural anthropology, the Freeman/Mead debates have raised a number of questions ranging from the problem of faulty citation practices to the issue of vulnerable ethnographic authority. The debate over Freeman's critique of Mead has developed into a major controversy and was featured at the 1983 annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association (Marshall 1993:604). Since then, numerous articles and books have been written on the debate, and while many people have become tired of the “whole mess”, the case continues to attract scholarly attention. Critiques of Freeman often revolve around the sources Freeman used to support his historical argument against Mead, illuminating how Freeman used rhetorical devices, selectively omitted vital passages in historical documents that he cited, and “heavily” used partial quotations and (sometimes) ellipses, in order to “…undermine Mead's ethnographic authority and enhance his own” (e.g., Marshall 1993:604).
Analgesic placebo treatment perceptions: acceptability, efficacy, and knowledge.

Abstract Current evidence supports the efficacy of placebo analgesia and illustrates that patients may be open to placebo use despite uncertainty regarding its mechanisms. Debate persists, however, concerning the ethics of placebo treatments. The purpose of the present web-based study was to expand upon the empirical literature on placebo analgesia ethics and acceptability. Participants (n = 100) provided their definition of a placebo and responded to 24 questions addressing placebo analgesia perceived knowledge, acceptability, effectiveness, and likelihood of placebo use among different health care providers. Results support previous research on the effects of placebo on negative mood and health care provider attributions, with findings illustrating that negative consequences of administration were largely mitigated by a beneficial treatment outcome. Results showed that participants conceptualized placebo as predominately inert and were mixed regarding interpretations of placebo effectiveness. Though acceptability ratings were dependent on the context of placebo administration, participants endorsing even moderate placebo acceptability were more open to placebo interventions and reported overall more positive treatment outcomes. Participants believed that placebos were used differentially among health care providers. Additional studies are needed to determine if placebo education can beneficially impact perceptions of placebo analgesia knowledge, acceptability, and treatment effectiveness. Perspective This study presents an examination of analgesic placebo treatment perceived acceptability, efficacy, and knowledge among lay individuals. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing placebo conceptualizations and treatment perceptions in evaluating placebo ethics—a highly relevant finding that informs the clinical use of placebo components in managing pain.
Condom use among gay / bisexual male substance abusers using the timeline follow-back method.

Sexual risk for HIV transmission under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs is not simply a cause-effect relationship: not everyone who drinks or uses other drugs has unprotected sex. The purpose of this study is to explore differences between substance using gay/bisexual men who use condoms during anal sex from those who do not. These differences are identified by comparing men whose anal sex while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs is consistently protected to men whose anal sex while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs is consistently unprotected. Gay/bisexual men entering substance abuse treatment at a gay-identified agency in San Francisco were recruited to complete surveys and to be interviewed about sexual behavior, substance use, and related variables using an extended version of the Timeline Follow-back (TL). The TL procedure uses a blank calendar form and a series of questions to cue recall of drinking, drug use, and anal intercourse on each of the 30 days prior to the last date of alcohol and/or drug use. Men whose anal sex while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs is consistently unprotected were significantly more likely to report having less than a college education (p = .04), more likely to have an income of less than $20,000 (p = .01), more likely to use amyl nitrite (p = .01) and cocaine (p = .02), and more likely to report a higher frequency of anal sex (p = .007). In addition, they were less likely to approve of sex without love (p = .003), less likely to perceive that safer sex is the community norm (p < .001), and less likely to have encouragement from friends to practice safer sex (p = .001). However, HIV status did not differentiate between the two groups. These two groups provide clear and interesting contrasts in terms of behavior, thus comparisons of the factors influencing sexual safety in these subgroups may enhance our understanding of risk taking. A better understanding of possible mediating variables can be important both in guiding future research in this area and in formulating intervention strategies to target gay men who drink or use drugs in combination with sexual activity.
Quo Vadis, Ergonomia

Abstract Ergonomics is now becoming involved in questions of social planning and social strategy that have far-reaching consequences. Some of the decisions we make affect not only our own societies, but other societies as well, and the consequences of decisions made now may extend beyond our individual lifetimes. Examples are drawn from two quite different areas of application—safety and office automation—to illustrate the wide ranging social consequences of ergonomic decisions. The involvement of ergonomics in these broad questions is healthy, but it brings with it greatly increased responsibilities. Among other things, ergonomics needs to be more concerned with cost-benefit ratios, and with a much better data base from which to work.
DRUG-ELUTING STENTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER OUTCOMES COMPARED TO BARE-METAL STENTS IN UNSTABLE ANGINA OR NON ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

The 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) considered drug-eluting stents (DES) as a useful alternative to bare-metal ones (BMS). The hypotheses of this study are that the use of DES is non-random in unstable angina (UA) or non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (
NITRIC OXIDE RELAXES RABBIT CORPUS CAVERNOSUM SMOOTH MUSCLE VIA A POTASSIUM-CONDUCTIVE PATHWAY

We tested the hypothesis that acetylcholine-induced relaxation in cavernosal tissue is the result of nitric oxide production that alters K+conductance. In the organ bath, acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of corpus cavernosum were significantly attenuated by tetraethylammonium. Basal [K+]iin cavernosal smooth muscle cells was 102 ± 11 mM using a K+-sensitive fluorescent dye. Acetylcholine produced a decrease in [K+]ito 74 ± 10 (n > 4, P 5, P 4, P < 0.001), respectively. These data suggest that acetylcholine-mediated cavernosal smooth muscle cells relaxation occurs through nitric oxide release with activation of K+conductance.
Numerical analysis of small-signal characteristics of a fully depleted SOI MOSFET

Abstract Based on the small-signal model of bulk MOSFETs, a counterpart equivalent circuit model for the fully depleted SOI MOSFET is developed by emphasizing the structural uniqueness of the device. Under quasistatic operation conditions, the model parameters valid for all regions of operation, including weak and moderate inversion, are derived and computed by using the theories proposed recently[6]. The numerical simulations for both the depleted and accumulated back surfaces are presented, and the results are compared with those from the strong-inversion theory.
Ettringite and CSH Portland cement phases for waste ion immobilization: A review

Abstract The formation, structure and chemistry of the ettringite and CSH phases of Portland cement have been reviewed as they relate to waste ion immobilization. The purpose of this review was to investigate the use of Portland cement as a host for priority metallic pollutants (Cr, Pb, Ba, Se, Zn, Ag, Hg, As and Cd) as identified by the Environmental Protection Agency and as a host for radioactive waste ions (various isotopes of Am, C, Cs, I, Np, Pu, Ra, Sr, Tc, Th, Sn, U) as identified in 40 CFR 191. Ettringite acts as host to a number of these ions in both the columnar and channel sections of the crystal structure. Substitutions have been made at the calcium, aluminum, hydroxide and sulfate sites. CSH also hosts a number of the waste species in both ionic and salt form. Immobilization mechanisms for CSH include sorption, phase mixing and substitution. The following ions have not apparently been reported as specifically immobilized by one of these phases: Ag, Am, Np, Pu, Ra, Tc, Th and Sn; however, some of these ions are immobilized by Portland cement.
Total oxidation of CO at ambient temperature using copper manganese oxide catalysts prepared by a redox method

Binary copper manganese oxides were prepared by a novel redox method and their catalytic activity for CO oxidation at ambient temperature evaluated. The catalytic activity was found to be high, and compared favorably with a commercial Hopcalite catalyst. The most active catalyst was able to completely oxidize CO at ambient temperature. Catalytic activity decay, most likely due to carbon dioxide retention was observed. The catalysts were deactivated by moisture but expelling water at moderate temperatures easily restored their catalytic activity. The catalysts were characterized by means of BET, FE-SEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS, TPD and X-ray powder diffraction. The optimum copper loading was determined to be ∼9% of the manganese content.
Antioxidant Metabolism Associated with Summer Leaf Senescence and Turf Quality Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

Turf quality of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] often declines during summer months. Whether summer bentgrass decline is associated with oxidative stress is unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal changes of antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation under different mowing heights for two creeping bentgrass cultivars (L-93 and Penncross) differing in heat tolerance and to determine whether such changes could be associated with turf quality decline during summer. Penncross and L-93 were grown under USGA-specification putting green conditions at the Turfgrass Research Center at Manhattan, KS, in 1999 and 2000. Turf was mowed every day at 3 mm or 4 mm. Turf quality, leaf chlorophyll (CHL), and protein content declined while electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation increased from May to July through September for both cultivars at both mowing heights. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased from May to July when temperatures increased from optimum ( 30°C), and recovered by October. Similar seasonal patterns of antioxidant activities were observed for both cultivars and mowing heights. In conclusion, summer bentgrass decline was related to the decline in antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation. Both cultivars were able to acclimate to increasing temperatures by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge active oxygen species in the early summer, but lost the scavenging ability by midsummer.
Population genetic structure of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in an urban landscape

Abstract Recent investigations of Blanding's turtles Emydoidea blandingii in urban landscapes in the Greater Chicago metropolitan area (GCMA) indicate that populations are small and isolated. This led to the prediction that two local populations of Blanding's turtles in the GCMA would have less within-population genetic variation than larger populations in Michigan, Nova Scotia, and Wisconsin. We further predicted that Blanding's turtles in Nova Scotia would be genetically differentiated from those in the species' main range. We tested these predictions using variation in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Levels of genetic variability as measured by percent polymorphism and mean percent band sharing were similar among populations in the GCMA, Nova Scotia, and Wisconsin, though genetic variation in Michigan was significantly higher. No unique bands were detected in GCMA, however, 16 were found in Michigan, five in Nova Scotia, and one in Wisconsin. As predicted, Blanding's turtles in Nova Scotia, which have been geographically isolated from the species' main range for 4000–8000 years, were genetically differentiated from all other populations in the study. Although it was not clear that recent isolation and population declines resulted in a loss of genetic variation, our results indicated that Blanding's turtles in the GCMA may be genetically depauperate. The use of management interventions to prevent the loss of genetic diversity in the GCMA is discussed.
The dimensionality of the social bond

Data from the Youth in Transition study were used to examine issues in the measurement and causal analysis of the social bond as a factor in adolescent delinquency. Using the LISREL technique for simultaneous estimation of measurement and causal models, an eight-factor measurement model is derived. Examination of the independent effects of these eight factors on a measure of overall delinquency shows the importance of parental attachment, general school attachment, conventional beliefs, and involvement in youth subculture activities. An unexpected finding is the higher delinquency for those with higher mobility aspirations (controlling all other factors).
Inhibition of Penicillium commune by Edible Whey Protein Films Incorporating Lactoferrin, Lacto‐ferrin Hydrolysate, and Lactoperoxidase Systems

ABSTRACT: Effects of lactoferrin (LF), lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH), and lactoperoxidase systems (LPOS), both directly and incorporated into edible whey protein isolate (WPI) films, on the inhibition of Penicillium commune were studied. Mechanical, oxygen-barrier, and color properties of WPI films with and without LPOS were also compared. Antimicrobial effects were examined by turbidity, disc diameter, surface spreading, and film surface inoculation tests. Film elastic modulus, tensile strength, percent elongation, oxygen permeability, and Hunter L, a, and b values were tested. LF and LFH at 10 mg/mL or higher inhibited P. commune in 1% peptone water but not in potato dextrose broth. WPI films incorporating LPOS inhibited growth of P. commune. The properties of WPI films were not significantly changed by incorporation of LPOS (P > 0.05).
Operating room utilization: information management systems.

Purpose of reviewAdvances during the past year in operational decision making using information management systems data have been predominantly in better understanding of how to allocate operating room time based on operating room efficiency, not just operating room utilization.Recent findingsEach q
CHOLERA TOXIN BINDS TO DIFFERENTIATING NEURONS IN THE DEVELOPING MURINE BASAL GANGLIA

Cell-surface expression of gangliosides in the developing mammalian central nervous system is temporally-regulated in a cell-type and regionally specific fashion. Gangliosides may be involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and can act synergystically with several growth factors or growth factor receptors. Thus, a role for gangliosides in the regulation of neuronal stem cell proliferation and differentiation has been suggested. We have previously shown that cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), which binds to the ganglioside GM1, binds heterogeneously to dissociated neuroepithelial cells from the developing mouse telencephalon. We stained fixed sections of the ganglionic eminences (GE) of fetal mouse brains and found that CTB labels regions which contain differentiating neurons, but does not stain the rapidly dividing neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone. We dissociated cells from the GE on day 14 of gestation (E14), labeled the cells with CTB-FITC, and separated them by flow cytometry. We found the highest level of CTB binding in postmitotic cells which had begun to express markers of neuronal differentiation. When CTB-sorted cells were placed into short-term (48 h) cell culture, high CTB binding continued to correlate with fewer numbers of proliferating cells and larger numbers of differentiating neurons. CTB binding and fluorescence activated cell sorting appear to be useful for separating populations of differentiating neurons from immature, proliferating cells. These studies further lead us to suggest that GM1 plays a role in the differentiation of neurons in the basal ganglia.
The Effect of Patellar Orientation on the Stiffness of the Porcine Femur-Medial Patellofemoral Ligament-Patella Complex

Patellar dislocation has an incidence of 5.8 per 100,000 per year in the US, and this number increases by five-fold for adolescents 1. Conservative management has been the preferred treatment, but recent follow-up studies have revealed a high redislocation rate. Similar outcomes were also found following primary repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) 2. As a result, replacement with soft tissue autografts has gained attention for recurrent patellar dislocations in recent years 2, 3. As such, the selection of an appropriate graft tissue will need the knowledge of the biomechanical properties of the FMPC, particularly its stiffness for the performance of the graft.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Critical issues for TQM implementation in higher education

While total quality management has been adopted by many organizations world‐wide, its implementation in non‐profit organizations, such as higher education institutions, presents more challenges and difficulties than those encountered in business organizations. A critical step in TQM implementation is the process of customer identification. In addition to customer identification, there are other issues such as leadership, cultural, and organizational issues that tend to create difficulties for TQM implementation in higher education. These issues along with the role of students from a quality perspective and performance measures for higher education are discussed, and suggestions are made for their resolution.
Cycloaddition reactions of terminal alkynes and phosphaalkynes with an isolable 5-coordinate β-diiminate platinum(iv) dihydrosilyl complex

Combining (Cl-nacnac)Pt(H)(1-pentene) (Cl-nacnac = N-p-Cl-phenyl-β-diiminate) and HSiR3 (SiR3 = SiPh3, SiEt3, SiHPh2) leads to rapid displacement of 1-pentene; oxidative addition of the Si−H bond produces a stable 5-coordinate Pt(IV) silyl dihydride complex which has been isolated and characterized crystallographically. The 5-coordinate silyl dihydride platinum(IV) complex undergoes a cycloaddition reaction with either acetylene or phosphaalkyne to form a vinyl or phosphaalkenyl Pt(IV) product, respectively. One acetylenic carbon adds to the central methine carbon of the Cl-nacnac ligand and the other alkyne carbon or phosphorus coordinates to the vacant site of the d6 metal. Phosphaalkynes are polarized such that the carbon is at the negative end of the dipole; however we observe a final product that reflects a reversal of this normal polarity. The phosphorus is nucleophilic even after the cycloaddition reaction is complete, and its lone pair can be methylated by MeOTf (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) o...
Condition assessment survey of onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDSs) in Hawaii.

Onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDSs) are the third leading cause of groundwater contamination in the USA. The existing condition of OSDSs in the State of Hawaii was investigated to determine whether a mandatory management program should be implemented. Based on observed conditions, OSDSs were differentiated into four categories: ‘pass’, ‘sludge scum’, ‘potential failure’ and ‘fail’. Of all OSDSs inspected, approximately 68% appear to be in good working condition while the remaining 32% are failing or are in danger of failing. Homeowner interviews found that 80% of OSDSs were not being serviced in any way. About 70% of effluent samples had values of total-N and total-P greater than typical values and 40% had total suspended solids (TSS) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) greater than typical values. The performance of aerobic treatment units (ATUs) was no better than septic tanks and cesspools indicating that the State's approach of requiring but not enforcing maintenance contracts for ATUs is not working. In addition, effluent samples from OSDSs located in drinking water wells estimated 2-year capture zones had higher average concentrations of TSS, BOD5, and total-P than units outside of these zones, indicating the potential for contamination. These findings suggest the need to introduce a proactive, life-cycle OSDS management program in the State of Hawaii.
Existence and continuous dependence of large solutions for the magnetohydrodynamic equations

Global solutions of the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with general large initial data are investigated. First the existence and uniqueness of global solutions are established with large initial data in H 1. It is shown that neither shock waves nor vacuum and concentration are developed in a finite time, although there is a complex interaction between the hydrodynamic and magnetodynamic effects. Then the continuous dependence of solutions upon the initial data is proved. The equivalence between the well-posedness problems of the system in Euler and Lagrangian coordinates is also showed.
Relative rates of permanganate oxidation of functionalized alkenes and the correlation with the ionization potentials of those alkenes

Abstract The plot of the log of relative rates of permanganate oxidation of representative alkenes (krel) versus their ionization potentials (IP's) displays an excellent correlation, with a lower IP corresponding to a lower relative rate. The reaction is a nucleophilic addition dependent predominantly upon electronic effects.
Murine Maternal Cell Microchimerism: Analysis Using Real-Time PCR and In Vivo Imaging

In humans, maternal cells are present in the affected tissues of children with inflammatory myopathy, scleroderma, and neonatal lupus. It is unknown if maternal cell microchimerism (MCM) contributes to the pathology of disease. We sought to understand the factors that affect MCM to serve as a baseline for future mechanistic studies. Using a mouse model, we bred female mice transgenic for the luciferase (Luc) reporter gene to wild-type (WT) males. The WT offspring were sacrificed at various postnatal ages. DNA was extracted from multiple organs, and real-time PCR amplification was used to quantify Luc transgene as a marker for maternally derived cells. Sensitivity was one to two transgenic cells per 100,000 WT cells. MCM was noted in 85% of mice and 45% of tissues assayed. The average quantity of MCM was 158 maternal cells per 100,000 neonatal cells. The organs displaying the highest frequency and quantity of MCM were heart and lung (P < 0.001). Postnatal age up to 21 days did not appear to affect levels of MCM (P = 0.47), whereas increasing parity may increase levels of MCM. The data show that MCM is a common occurrence in healthy newborn mice, that it is present in their major organs, and that there are organ specific differences. This may represent differential migration of maternal cells or varying receptivity of specific fetal organs to microchimerism. Pregnancy history appears to play a role in maternal cell trafficking. The role of MCM in pregnancy and disease pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
Response of a fish assemblage to severe flooding in Gilmore Creek, a southeastern Minnesota trout stream

Flooding in streams may result in the removal of fish or reduction in standing stocks. However, floods may also permit colonization by fish from sources downstream. Two extreme floods occurred over a 10-year period in Gilmore Creek, a trout stream in southeastern Minnesota. Both events were followed by temporary increases in fish species richness resulting from rapid incursions in 2004 by green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and in 2007 by green sunfish and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus), which probably moved at least 1.5 km from a lentic area downstream. After each flood event, sunfish declined by the following spring. Changes in the Gilmore Creek fish fauna were reflected in assessments of ecological health returned by one index of biotic integrity (IBI), with ratings declining from ‘good’ to ‘poor’ after each flood. Another IBI was less sensitive to the temporary increases in sunfish, although scores returned by the two IBI procedures were positively correlated.
H3-thymidine autoradiographic studies on the cell proliferation and differentiation in the external and the internal granular layers of the mouse cerebellum.

Cell proliferation and migration in the external granular layer of the mouse cerebellum were studied with autoradiography after cumulative labeling with H3-thymidine. The germinative cells in the external granular layer were considered as externally dislocated matrix cells. Their generation time, presynthetic time, duration of DNA synthesis, postsynthetic time and mitotic time were determined in one-, three-, seven- and ten-day-old mice. The entire sequence of the ontogeny of the external granular cell-system was separated into three consecutive stages; stage 1 or stage of pure external matrix cell proliferation, stage 2 or stage of neuroblast production, and stage 3 or stage of neuroglia differentiation. Production of neuroblasts in the external granular layer at seven and ten days of life and their migration into the internal granular layer were demonstrated by means of autoradiography. Transit times of the neuroblasts migrating across the external mantle layer and the molecular layer of ten-day-old mice were estimated at 21 and four hours, respectively. More than 50% of the inner granular cells migrated from the external granular layer later than ten days of life and almost 81 to 92% were produced later than seven days of postnatal life. In conclusion, on the basis of the matrix cell concept, the authors tried to unify observations of previous and present investigators and presented a scheme of pre- and postnatal histogenesis of the mouse cerebellum.
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy utilizing a hybrid-port technique

Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is increasingly being favored for treatment of small renal cortical neoplasms. The technique utilized varies based upon the institution and surgeon experience and several modifications have been proposed. We choose to utilize the fourth robotic arm as well as the Satinsky vascular clamp for these cases. Previously, we would utilize the fourth arm through a robotic port until the hilum was dissected, then replace the trocar with a flexible trocar for the Satinski clamp. We now utilize a hybrid-port technique where we establish placement of the flexible trocar and pass a robotic trocar through this to begin with the fourth arm in use. We then remove the fourth arm and the trocar after the hilum is dissected to place the Satinski clamp. The technique and description will be discussed.
cloudalicious: folksonomy over time

Cloudalicious is an online visualization tool that has been designed to give insight into how ?tag clouds?, or folksonomies, develop over time. A folksonomy is an organic system of text labels attributed to an object by the users of that object. The most common object so far to be the subject of this tagging has been the online bookmark. Stabilization of a URL's tag cloud over time is the clearest result of this type of visualization. Any diagonal movement on the graphs, indicative of a change in the tags being used to describe a URL, should garner further discussion.
Physiology of the APUD system

The characteristic biochemical pathway of the APUDoma cell, namely amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation, are illustrated by the examples of serotonin and catecholamine metabolism. Increasing understanding of the origins of APUDomas as well as the biochemistry and physiology of the hormones they produce, has led to improved methods of detection, imaging and treatment of afflicted patients.