cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Droplet formation at megahertz frequency

Droplet formation has been a fascinating subject to scientists for centuries due to its natural beauty and importance to both scientific and industrial applications, such as inkjet printing, reagent deposition, and spray cooling. However, the droplet generation frequency of common drop-on-demand (DOD) jetting techniques is mostly limited to ∼10 kHz. This article presents an investigation of the possibility of jetting at megahertz frequencies to boost the productivity of DOD material deposition by ∼100 times. The focus of this article is to understand the limitations of generating droplets at a megahertz frequency and to explore possible solutions for overcoming these limitations. A numerical model is first developed for the simulation of droplet formation dynamics. The numerical model is validated against available experimental data from the literature. Aided by insights gained from scaling analysis, the validated model is then used to study the effects of different parameters on high frequency jetting. The study finds energy density input to the nozzle is the key to achieve megahertz frequency droplet breakup. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2367–2377, 2017
Speech production and sensory impairment in mild Parkinson's disease

Little is known about speech-related sensory systems and the link to speech in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates auditory and somatosensory acuity and their association to speech in PD, using /s/ and /ʃ/ as speech targets. Ten adults with mild PD and ten age- and gender-matched healthy participants performed three tasks. In the auditory task, participants discriminated three aperiodic sounds acoustically modified from /s/ and /ʃ/ and differing in spectral shapes. In the tactile task, they judged the orientation of a dome-shaped grating probe gently touching their tongue tip. Measures of auditory and tactile acuity were determined based on participants' responses. For the production task, participants read a passage and eight sentences with /s/- and /ʃ/-initial words; acoustic contrast between the two sibilants was measured using difference between the average first spectral moments of /s/ and /ʃ/. The PD participants showed reduced auditory acuity of spectral sibilant contrast and reduced tactile acuity of the tongue tip. For speech production, the PD group showed smaller sibilant contrast in the sentence readings, but the difference was not statistically significant. Correlation analyses showed significant correlations between tactile acuity and sibilant contrast for the PD group, but not for auditory task.
DNA Profile Frequency Estimates and Match Probabilities

“Without the probability assessment, the jury does not know what to make of the fact that the [DNA] patterns match: the jury does not know whether the patterns are as common as pictures with two eyes, or as unique as the Mona Lisa.”
A Millisecond-Resolution Pulse Heating System for Specific-Heat Measurements at High Temperatures

In the first volume of this Compendium(1) a general description and a brief survey of the pulse techniques, utilizing resistive self-heating of the specimen, for the measurement of specific heat at high temperatures were given. The presentation covered techniques over a wide regime of time response: from nearly a second to submicrosecond resolution. Most of the techniques were of an exploratory nature and were developed for specific immediate applications. However, as a result of extensive research performed during the last 25 years, the millisecond-resolution pulse heating technique for specific-heat measurements has reached a mature stage.
The Connections between Pathological Personality Traits and Interpersonal Behavior

An alternative model of pathological personality traits was recently developed in an effort to address the challenges associated with the categorical model of personality disorder classification (e.g., high rates of comorbidity, minimal overlap with modern conceptualizations of personality structure). More specifically, this alternative model provides a dimensional framework through which personality disorders can be understood in terms of their level of impairment in personality functioning. The development of this alternative model led to the construction of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) which assesses the presence and level of the following pathological personality traits: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. These pathological personality traits are considered to be maladaptive variants of the basic personality dimensions described by the Big Five model (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness; Thomas et al., 2013). We will focus our review on previous research concerning the interpersonal outcomes associated with the PID-5 pathological personality traits and suggest possible directions for future research.
Preemptive Ethanol Lock Therapy in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Patients With Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infection: Impact on Length of Stay, Cost, and Catheter Salvage.

Background. Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) with systemic antimicrobial therapy is a promising therapy for catheter-related infection (CRI). The impact of ELT timing on treatment efficacy and costs is u...
AFM assisted DNA sequencing based on electronic tunneling

Nano device based DNA sequencing has the advantage of speed and cost when compared to the conventional Sanger methods. In this report, we demonstrate an AFM assisted DNA sequencing method that combines precision single molecule manipulation with a nanowire sensor to measure the transient tunneling current of a translocating DNA molecule. In experiment, a 7-µm long λDNA molecule was first identified on a mica substrate and then lifted off by a silicon AFM tip with a 230 pN pulling force. The attached DNA molecule was then translocated at a slow, but constant speed of 0.1 nm/ms through an electrode gap formed by two platinum nanoelectrodes. During the translocation process, the tunneling current through the gap was measured to characterize the electrical properties of the moving DNA molecule. The result indicates that the presence of the DNA molecule causes an average 200 nA increase in the tunneling current, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction. In addition, the time scale of the increase suggests that the DNA molecule is in a ‘blob’ formation as it passes through the gap. These results are currently being used to improve on the accuracy of the AFM assisted DNA sequencing method.
Implementation of a mock root cause analysis to provide simulated patient safety training

Background The proposed revision to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Common Program Requirements includes participation in real or simulated patient safety activities, such as root cause analysis (RCA).1 Because exposure to RCA may occur with low frequency, a mock RCA was developed and piloted for feasibility with Hematology/Oncology fellows. Objective To improve trainee knowledge of the goals and application of RCA in patient safety and quality improvement through a simulated experience. Methods A mock RCA was implemented with Hematology/Oncology fellows over two subsequent years. In small groups, they reviewed a case involving an adverse event and identified sources of harm. Additional details, in the form of provider interviews, were available upon request. Trainees identified the root cause(s) and proposed measurable changes. Teams presented proposals to peers and a panel representing hospital leadership. Feedback was provided. Trainees completed evaluations and were surveyed regarding their perceptions. Results Thirteen of 15 fellows completed the survey. Twelve of 13 (92%) fellows felt the mock RCA improved their comfort level for participation in a real RCA. Ten of 13 fellows (77%) reported increased awareness and likelihood of reporting near misses and/or adverse events following participation. More thorough patient care documentation following the session was reported by 8 of 13 (62%). Conclusion A pilot trial of a mock RCA with Hematology/Oncology fellows had high trainee satisfaction. Post-session surveys and informal interviews suggest trainees have reduced anxiety when faced with participation in a real RCA and have more interest in the process after participation.
Understanding Students’ Problem-Solving Strategies in a Synergistic Learning-by-Modeling Environment

We present a systems thinking approach to help middle school students learn about diffusion processes in liquids using CTSiM, an open-ended learning environment. Students model and analyze the collision of individual particles, and then scale up the process to understand diffusion as an emergent behavior of particles. A classroom study shows that the intervention helped students achieve significant learning gains. We also observed synergistic learning of domain knowledge and computational thinking skills. To understand students’ problem-solving processes, we used a sequence mining algorithm to discover frequent activity patterns and link them to learning.
Fostering family engagement in middle and secondary schools

Family engagement is a critical component of school success for students. However, parents of middle and high school students are often less involved in home- and school-based activities than paren...
Dual-band beam tilting antenna with low profile negative refractive index metamaterial

A dual band negative refractive index metamaterial (NRIM) loaded beam tilting antenna has been proposed for 5G applications. The proposed antenna comprises of a dual band quarter wave bow-tie dipole with NRIM array fixed above the ground plane. The dual band NRIM unit cell is derived from the conventional double negative meta-material structure. When NRIM arrays have been integrated with dipole antenna at optimum distance and height, the main beam is deflected by 34.5° and 45° with peak gain of 8.1 and 8.93 dB at 2 and 3.5 GHz, respectively. Unlike the conventional beam tilting antennas, no gain reduction observed for both the bands when the beam is tilted, instead gain has been improved about 0.53 and 1.02 dB at lower and higher bands, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the proposed NRIM dipole in array antennas has been studied and discussed.
Optimum anatomic socket position and sizing for the direct anterior approach: impingement and instability

A comprehensive strategy is important for ensuring reproducible and safe acetabular component sizing and positioning. Presented here is our approach for anatomic acetabular component positioning in direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. This strategy has evolved with our understanding of the ramifications of socket sizing and positioning on instability and impingement. Data collected by a single surgeon (J.A.R.) between 2009 and 2011 influenced our current paradigm. We compare the sizing and positioning parameters of the anterior and posterior approach, thus demonstrating how the 2 are different. By highlighting these differences, we hope to provide a clear, defined approach to acetabular placement and sizing for direct anterior-approach total hip arthroplasty.
Review: “The Codex and Crafts in Late Antiquity” and The Codex and Crafts in Late Antiquity, by Georgios Boudalis

“The Codex and Crafts in Late Antiquity,” Bard Graduate Center Gallery, New York, New York (February 23 – July 8, 2018). Georgios Boudalis, The Codex and Crafts in Late Antiquity (New York: Bard Graduate Center, 2018), 200 pages, color illustrations, ISBN 9781941792124, $30 paperback. Small university exhibition spaces, and even small galleries in large museums, can accommodate focused explorations of complex, specialized topics that larger spaces cannot. Without the need to charm broad swaths of the infotainment audience, a scholarly show can delve deep into questions and, as here, open avenues of inquiry. At the heart of this exhibition was the assembling and especially the binding of the codex as it developed during Late Antiquity into the predominant book format that is still in use today. Although a great deal of attention has been devoted to the historical circumstances in which the codex came to supplant the scroll, little attention has been paid to the development of its manufacture.1 This exhibition and its catalogue, based on original research by the curator Georgios Boudalis, Head of the Book and Paper Conservation Laboratory of the Museum of Byzantine Culture in Thessaloniki, reflect current attention to the production of material culture and the burgeoning study of craft.2 The catalogue offers more detailed and fully documented considerations of the categories of evidence presented in the exhibition, an illustrated checklist, a rich bibliography, and an index. In two display areas (an introduction and the main exhibition space), the exhibition charted the adaptation of traditional techniques primarily from textile- and leather-working (Fig. 1).3 Upon entering the second-floor hallway, the visitor encountered a bright display on the ancient development of the codex through such visually striking artifacts as a Classical red figure kylix depicting a schoolboy with a simple codex of tablets encircled by a strap with another strap for a handle (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund acquisition 17.230.10).4 Overall, the introduction presented variations in formats from paired and …
Principal Sorting and the Distribution of Principal Quality

Numerous studies document the inequitable distribution of teacher quality across schools. We focus instead on the distribution of principal quality, examining how multiple proxies for quality, incl...
Augmented insulin secretory response in early pregnancy

This study aimed to examine changes in the insulin secretory response in early pregnancy, while accounting for changes in insulin sensitivity. This is a secondary analysis of a previously conducted longitudinal physiological study. In 34 women, insulin secretory response (by IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity (by euglycaemic clamp) were assessed prior to pregnancy, in early pregnancy (12–14 weeks gestation) and in late pregnancy (34–36 weeks gestation). Using mixed-effects models, we compared insulin secretory response and sensitivity in early pregnancy to the same variables prior to pregnancy and in late pregnancy, with adjustment for age, obesity status and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We examined changes in insulin secretory response after adjustment for insulin sensitivity using both multivariate modelling and the disposition index (DI). We explored the relationship between insulin secretory response and circulating hormones. The insulin secretory response increased from prior to pregnancy to early pregnancy (unadjusted mean [SD] first-phase insulin response 465.1 [268.5] to 720 [358.2], p < 0.0001) and from early pregnancy to late pregnancy (to 924 [494.6], p = 0.01). Insulin sensitivity increased from prior to pregnancy to early pregnancy (insulin sensitivity index 0.10 [0.04] to 0.12 [0.05], p = 0.001) and decreased in late pregnancy (to 0.06 [0.03], p < 0.0001). Accounting for changes in insulin sensitivity, using either multivariate modelling or the DI, did not attenuate the early-pregnancy augmentation of insulin secretory response. Leptin was positively associated with insulin secretory response, independent of insulin sensitivity and adiposity (p = 0.004). Adjustment for leptin attenuated the observed augmentation of insulin secretory response in early pregnancy (adjusted mean change 121.5, p = 0.13). The insulin secretory response increases markedly in early pregnancy, prior to and independent of changes in insulin sensitivity. Circulating hormones may mediate this metabolic adaptation. Identifying mediators of this physiological effect could have therapeutic implications for treating hyperglycaemia during and outside of pregnancy.
Quantifying disruption of workflow by phone calls to the neuroradiology reading room

Introduction The purpose of this study was to understand the source and the reason for the phone calls to our neuroradiology suit and to quantify the size of the problem in terms of duration of individual and aggregated calls. Materials and methods Observation of the neuroradiology reading room for the entire duration of the working hours over three non-consecutive days was performed, and included telephone calls start time, end time and calls duration for incoming telephone calls. After each phone call the recipients were queried on the details of the phone call; the origin of the call, the reason for the call and the response. Results The average total number of minutes (min) spent on the phone each day was 64 min per working day with a total of 39 phone calls per day and 4.4 per hour on average. The trainees answered 71% of the phone calls with additional intervention by attending in 13% of phone calls. The most common source of phone calls was from either the MRI/CT technicians (48%), followed by providers (20%) and returning pages (18%). Conclusion Cumulative time spent on the phone by neuroradiologists in the reading room ended up in more than an hour per working day, while trainees were taking the majority of phone calls. Most phone calls originated from technicians, hence, requiring specific solutions to mitigate this kind of interruption.
Surgical Approach to a Retropubic Mid-Urethral Sling After Pelvic Trauma

Video Objective Demonstrate our approach to a patient desiring surgical incontinence treatment following pelvic trauma that significantly distorted the anterior pelvic anatomy. Setting Our patient is a 75-year-old female who presented to our quaternary referral center. She has a past medical/surgical history of mixed urinary incontinence, osteoporosis, and prior surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse. In April 2018, she suffered a major trauma due to a tree falling on top of her, including 5 pelvic fractures. She subsequently had constant, profuse stress urinary leakage with any activity. CT abdomen/pelvis showed severe displacement of the right superior and inferior pubic rami, distortion of the urinary bladder, mild displacement of the pubic rami on the left, and sacral insufficiency fractures. Serial imaging was obtained and reviewed with orthopedic surgery until there was interval improvement. She then proceeded with surgery. Interventions Our video demonstrates successful retropubic mid-urethral sling placement. The procedure began with a rigid cystourethroscopy to identify the patient's anatomy. At the dome of the bladder, a protrusion from the right superior pubic ramus is seen causing distortion. To avoid this, the targeted suprapubic incision is also adjusted towards the midline. The sling is placed with the trocar aimed in this trajectory. A post-insertion cystourethroscopy with both a rigid and flexible cystoscope was then performed to thoroughly rule out injury. Conclusion Some key learning points from our video are that in a patient with distorted pelvic anatomy, multidisciplinary management is critical and orthopedic surgery should determine stability of the pelvis. A thorough evaluation of anatomy before the procedure should be performed since typical landmarks are unreliable. Care should be taken to individualize the approach and realign the usual target sites to avoid injury. A thorough evaluation for injury after the procedure should also be performed.
The programmer’s workplace: Part I the “shop”

It was not so long ago that programmers were made out to be a tribe of magicians who performed mysteries hidden from the understanding of ordinary human beings. The “typical” programmer was an unkempt eccentric, part wizard, part misanthrope, who preferred the company of electronic brains to human ones. Bleary-eyed, usually bearded, he dwelled in a forbidden place called a “cubicle”—preferably adjacent to the computer—furnished only with paper, pencil, and army cot. He worked, like true magicians, mostly at night, making only occasional daylight visits to claim payment for services rendered.
An introduction to the special issue on native and covert advertising formats

In recent years, the ubiquity and growth in mobile and online content consumption has fueled the proliferation of digital advertising formats. In attempts to engage consumers, advertisers have incr...
ZEUS: A National Science Foundation Mid-Scale Facility for Laser-Driven Science in the QED Regime

Building on past support, NSF has funded the Zetawatt Equivalent Ultrashort pulse laser System (ZEUS), a mid-scale 3PW multi-beam user facility, to explore nonlinear quantum electrodynamics, relativistic plasmas, and other phenomena in High-Field Science.
Reproducibility analysis of multi-institutional paired expert annotations and radiomic features of the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) dataset

Purpose The availability of radiographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) has opened up opportunities for development of radiomic markers for prognostic/predictive applications in glioblastoma (GBM). In this work, we address two critical challenges with regard to developing robust radiomic approaches: (a) the lack of availability of reliable segmentation labels for glioblastoma tumor sub-compartments (i.e., enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor core, peritumoral edematous/infiltrated tissue) and (b) identifying "reproducible" radiomic features that are robust to segmentation variability across readers/sites. Acquisition and validation methods From TCIA's Ivy GAP cohort, we obtained a paired set (n = 31) of expert annotations approved by two board-certified neuroradiologists at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) and at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). For these studies, we performed a reproducibility study that assessed the variability in (a) segmentation labels and (b) radiomic features, between these paired annotations. The radiomic variability was assessed on a comprehensive panel of 11 700 radiomic features including intensity, volumetric, morphologic, histogram-based, and textural parameters, extracted for each of the paired sets of annotations. Our results demonstrated (a) a high level of inter-rater agreement (median value of DICE ≥0.8 for all sub-compartments), and (b) ≈24% of the extracted radiomic features being highly correlated (based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) to annotation variations. These robust features largely belonged to morphology (describing shape characteristics), intensity (capturing intensity profile statistics), and COLLAGE (capturing heterogeneity in gradient orientations) feature families. Data format and usage notes We make publicly available on TCIA's Analysis Results Directory (https://doi.org/10.7937/9j41-7d44), the complete set of (a) multi-institutional expert annotations for the tumor sub-compartments, (b) 11 700 radiomic features, and (c) the associated reproducibility meta-analysis. Potential applications The annotations and the associated meta-data for Ivy GAP are released with the purpose of enabling researchers toward developing image-based biomarkers for prognostic/predictive applications in GBM.
Effect of Continuing Professional Development on Health Professionals' Performance and Patient Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Knowledge Syntheses.

Purpose Continuing professional development (CPD) programs, which aim to enhance health professionals' practice and improve patient outcomes, are offered to practitioners across the spectrum of health professions through both formal and informal learning activities. Various knowledge syntheses (or reviews) have attempted to summarize the CPD literature; however, these have primarily focused on continuing medical education or formal learning activities. Through this scoping review, the authors seek to answer the question, What is the current landscape of knowledge syntheses focused on the impact of CPD on health professionals' performance defined as behavior change and/or patient outcomes? Method In September 2019, the authors searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, and PsycINFO for knowledge syntheses published between 2008 and 2019 that focused on independently practicing health professionals and reported outcomes at Kirkpatrick's levels 3 and/or 4. Result Of the 7,157 citations retrieved from databases, 63 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these 63 syntheses, 38 (60%) included multicomponent approaches, and 27 (43%) incorporated eLearning interventions - either stand-alone or in combination with other interventions. While a majority of syntheses (n = 42 [67%]) reported outcomes affecting health care practitioners' behavior change and/or patient outcomes, most of the findings reported at Kirkpatrick level 4 were not statistically significant. Ten of the syntheses (16%) mentioned the cost of interventions though this was not their primary focus. Conclusions Across health professions CPD is an umbrella term incorporating formal and informal approaches in a multi-component approach. eLearning is increasing in popularity but remains an emerging technology. Several of the knowledge syntheses highlighted concerns regarding both the financial and human costs of CPD offerings, and such costs are being increasingly addressed in the CPD literature.
Case 9. Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (CLIPPERS) in a Patient with Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides and Multiple Tumors

Akilov and colleagues present a case of very unusual cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with granulomatous features that disseminated rapidly all over the skin. The pontine lesion manifested by dysarthria. While multiple chemotherapeutic regimens failed to provide the improvement, whole-body skin irradiation resolved in long-lasting complete response.
Panacea Or Nightmare - Leases in Article 2

The theoretical debate over the continued utility of the sale-lease distinction has gained momentum as codification of the law of personal property has been explored. Commentators have advocated numerous suggestions to deal with the law of personal property leasing, such as recognizing leasing as a sui generis transaction subject to separate statutory treatment, amending Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code to include leases, and amending the sales provisions of the Code to include leases. This theoretical debate has largely overlooked the practical problems of abandoning the distinction.
CEO Power Motive and Propensity for Real Options Strategy: Evidence from New Industry Entry Mode Choice between Acquisition and Corporate Venture Capital

Real options theory posits that firms pursue a real options approach in investment to reduce uncertainty. Yet, top executives may exhibit heterogeneous motives to mitigate uncertainty. We propose t...
The glutathione import system satisfies the Staphylococcus aureus nutrient sulfur requirement and promotes interspecies competition

Sulfur is an indispensable element for proliferation of bacterial pathogens. Prior studies indicated that the human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus utilizes glutathione (GSH) as a source of nutrient sulfur; however, mechanisms of GSH acquisition are not defined. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized five-gene locus comprising a putative ABC-transporter and γ–glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) that promotes S. aureus proliferation in medium supplemented with either reduced or oxidized GSH (GSSG) as the sole source of nutrient sulfur. Based on these phenotypes, we name this transporter the Glutathione import system (GisABCD). Ggt is encoded downstream of the gisBCD operon. We demonstrate that the enzyme is cell associated and cleaves both GSH and GSSG. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that only Staphylococcus species closely related to S. aureus encode GisABCD-Ggt homologues. Homologues are not detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Consequently, we establish that GisABCD-Ggt provides a competitive advantage for S. aureus over S. epidermidis in a GSH-dependent manner. Overall, this study describes the discovery of a nutrient sulfur acquisition system in S. aureus that targets GSH and promotes competition against other staphylococci commonly associated with the human microbiota.
Case 7 Like a Leper (Venereal Disease)

The case studies that follow are based on several members of a genital herpes group, and illustrate the interaction of the psychological, social, and ethical issues associated with having a venereal disease. Psychological factors, including stress, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal problems, are thought to influence the course of genital herpes infections (Levenson, Hamer, Meyers, Hart, & Kaplowitz, 1987). To help patients deal with these psychological issues, the group therapy made use of a combination of psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Sessions would start with imagery and relaxation exercises to help the patients relax and learn how to handle bodily stress, and then would move on to either assertiveness training, sharing of experiences, sharing of information, or role playing.
A Review of: “Balk, D., & Corr, C. (Eds.). (2009). Adolescent Encounters With Death, Bereavement, and Coping.”

Adolescent Encounters with Death, Bereavement, and Coping offers unmatched insight and richness. From the editors of the Handbook of Adolescent Death and Bereavement (Corr & Balk, 1996), this compr...
A genetic approach to the cable harness routing problem

This paper describes a system for automatically routing cable harnesses in three-dimensional environments using a pair of genetic algorithms. The cable harness routing problem (CHRP) can be formulated as a graph search problem with a large, convex search space. A genetic approach is used to intelligently and adaptively search for routings which are close to the global optimum. The CHRP is decomposed into two problems: generating a harness configuration (topology) and routing the harness in the environment. This paper defines the various genetic operators used and suggest parameter settings which quickly find routings which match the geometry of the environment. >
Phase-Driven Finite Element Model for Spatio-temporal Tracking in Cardiac Tagged MRI

MRI tissue tagging[1] of the heart produces noninvasivemarkers within the muscle wall that can be used to measure motion and deformation (Fig. 1a). However, the widespread use of tissue tagging has been limited by time-consuming image post-processing. This paper outlines a method for automatic 3D tracking of LV motion from 2D MRI images acquired from multiple views. Since the tags form a repetitive pattern in the images, the local phase can serve as a material property that can be tracked.We first derive displacement from local image phase, a quantity previously used for estimating disparity between two 2D images in stereo vision [2, 8] or to measure relative deformation, or strain [7]. Displacement estimates have also been used for least square fitting of a 2D affine motion model to angiography images [5].
A hierarchical adaptive probabilistic approach for zero hour phish detection

Phishing attacks are a significant threat to users of the Internet, causing tremendous economic loss every year. In combating phish, industry relies heavily on manual verification to achieve a low false positive rate, which, however, tends to be slow in responding to the huge volume of unique phishing URLs created by toolkits. Our goal here is to combine the best aspects of human verified blacklists and heuristic-based methods, i.e., the low false positive rate of the former and the broad and fast coverage of the latter. To this end, we present the design and evaluation of a hierarchical blacklist-enhanced phish detection framework. The key insight behind our detection algorithm is to leverage existing human-verified blacklists and apply the shingling technique, a popular near-duplicate detection algorithm used by search engines, to detect phish in a probabilistic fashion with very high accuracy. To achieve an extremely low false positive rate, we use a filtering module in our layered system, harnessing the power of search engines via information retrieval techniques to correct false positives. Comprehensive experiments over a diverse spectrum of data sources show that our method achieves 0% false positive rate (FP) with a true positive rate (TP) of 67.15% using search-oriented filtering, and 0.03% FP and 73.53% TP without the filtering module. With incremental model building capability via a sliding window mechanism, our approach is able to adapt quickly to new phishing variants, and is thus more responsive to the evolving attacks.
Visualizing enterprise-wide security (VIEWS)

This paper discusses VIEWS, a specification for building diagrams that describe the security features of systems. The authors' recent experience with providing security architecture and engineering support to organizations with large, distributed applications suggests that security architecture and assurance efforts could benefit by following other engineering disciplines, where using graphical models is the norm. Security diagrams can help security architects understand a system 's security posture and can assist them in detecting vulnerabilities. Additionally, diagrams facilitate communications about the security features of a design. The output of a modeling effort using VIEWS is a diagram depicting a system's security features as well as those of the environment in which the system operates. A goal of VIEWS is to allow the display of important security features without injecting cluttering detail. This paper presents examples of security diagrams built with VIEWS.
Project management in product development: Toward a framework for targeted flexibility

As a discipline, project management has been accused of having lost its relevance for innovative initiatives because it emphasizes planning and control over the flexibility and learning-based strategies that are needed to succeed under uncertainty. Several authors therefore recommend adaptive project management practices - sometimes named “targeted flexibility” - that respond to project characteristics commonly found in innovation, namely novelty, complexity, speed and - as a result - uncertainty. This paper investigates how this proposed adaptation of project management occurs in a context with high levels of novelty that organizes work in projects and needs to accommodate projects of different pace, complexity and innovativeness: product development in small and medium enterprises that do research and development work in the same organizational unit. Results of a literature review and two exploratory studies, covering a total of 8 companies with multiple projects each, are presented. Implications for a future framework for targeted flexibility are developed, leading to the identification of the following needs for project management: (1) better understanding of the many ways in which project management impacts exploration and exploitation activities, (2) improved attention for the currently poorly supported pre-project and early initiation stages, (3) a shift of focus from monitoring against plans toward monitoring against achieved learning, and (4) the formulation of transition paths from current new product development practice to higher project management maturity.
Selective thermal emission from thin-film metasurfaces

The mid-infrared (mid-IR), as the spectral range where all finite temperature biological and mechanical objects emit thermal radiation, and where numerous molecular species have strong vibrational absorption resonances, is of significant importance for both security and sensing applications. The design of materials with engineered absorption resonances, which by Kirchoff’s Law, should give strongly selective emission at the design resonance upon thermal excitation, allows for the control of the spectral character of the material’s thermal emission. Designed as a thin film coating, these structures can be applied to grey-body emitters to shift the grey-body thermal emission into predetermined spectral bands, altering their appearance on a thermal imaging system. Here we demonstrate strongly selective mid-infrared absorption and thermal emission from three classes of subwavelength thin-film materials. First, we demonstrate selective thermal emission from patterned, commerciallyavailable steel films, via selective out-coupling of thermally-excited surface modes. Subsequently, we show nearperfect absorption (and strongly selective thermal emission) for wavelengths between 5 - 9μm with patterned metal-dielectric-metal structures. Finally, we demonstrate strong absorption from large area, unpatterned, thinfilm high-index dielectric coatings on highly-doped Si substrates, tunable across the mid-IR (5 - 12μm). Our results are compared to numerical simulations, as well as analytical models, with good agreement between experiments and models.
Aggression in a competitive task

This paper describes the construction and validation of a competitive task which uses a new apparatus designed for the study of aggression. A variety of personality measures were answered by 144 male and female university students before they participated in the task. During the task three independent variables (instrumentality of aggression, sex of aggressor, and sex of target) were manipulated to determine the comparability of the results with past research. Instrumental shocking occurred more frequently than non-instrumental (hostile) shocking, and males shocked more than females. A factor analysis of the personality measures produced a factor, Repression vs Expression, which represented a dimension of aggressiveness and accounted for 18% of the variance in hostile shocking. The competition paradigm was shown to provide a valid index of hostile aggression while minimizing deception and risk to subjects.
Effects of short term management stress on the ability of GnRHa to induce gonadotropin secretion in male white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Abstract Successful breeding of captive white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is dependent on the administration of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to induce spermiation in males and ovulation in females. Since in other species stress can diminish the effectiveness of GnRHa to induce gonadotropin (GtH) secretion, it is possible that stress, related to hatchery management practices used during GnRHa treatment, might interfere with the action of exogenous GnRHa to induce the secretion of GtH. In this study, mature male sturgeon were studied to determine if stress associated with GnRHa treatment can reduce the effectiveness of GnRHa in inducing GtH release. In conjunction with GnRHa administration, the fish were exposed to one of two Stressors: low stress consisting of briefly removing fish from the tanks, and high stress treatment consisting of a sequence of removal from the tank followed by repeated brief air emersions, crowding and handling. All are typical hatchery practices. Both stress treatments resulted in significant elevations of plasma cortisol. Although the animals experienced stress, as indicated by the cortisol response, there was no difference between the two stress responses on the ability of GnRHa to induce the secretion of the two sturgeon gonadotropins (stGTH I and stGTH II). It is concluded that the short term management practices routinely used during the administration of GnRHa do not interfere with the action of GnRHa in male sturgeon
Work stress and the stress-buffering roles of work and family resources

This paper describes the development of the Work Environment Scale, which includes measures of perceived stressful and supportive aspects of the job milieu. This scale is used to examine stressful effects of the work environment on personal functioning and the stress-buffering value of work and family social resources among a representative community group of men and women. Work stressors had a greater impact on men, but supportive social resources provided more attenuation of such effects among men than among women. Although work stressors generally had less effect on men whose wives were employed, high stress in the women's work settings had some indirect negative consequences for their husbands. Reprint requests should be directed to the authors, Social Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305, U.S.A.
BPTAP: A new approach toward IP over DTN

A prototype virtual Ethernet driver (BPTAP) has been written which runs atop the ION (Interplanetary Overlay Network) implementation of the DTN (Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network) protocol. This driver has the potential to expedite DTN deployment by providing a transition mechanism for legacy IP (Internet Protocol) applications to run alongside delay and disruption tolerant applications in future large-scale communication networks. By presenting an Ethernet-like interface, BPTAP gives application developers access to many of the benefits of DTN without having to become immediately proficient at a new programming API. Under certain conditions, some unmodified IP applications may even exhibit superior performance when running under BPTAP than the native operating environment. Performance measurements arc presented for several applications.
Wiki architectures as social translucence enablers

Whether novice or expert, it is useful for contributors to understand the environment to which they are contributing, including the relationships of other users to the content and to users. However, the relationships and work that enable content creation in an online contributor system, such as Wikipedia, are not always visible. To expose and better understand these relationships, we have built an information visualization toolkit called Re:Flex to support components of social translucence in Wikipedia, with broad applicability to other contributor systems. By mimicking the flexible, fluid architecture of a wiki within the blackboard architecture of this visualization toolkit, we demonstrate how the composable interactions inherent to contributor systems can be mirrored in the tools that support the work which creates them.
Unusual, bifurcated photoreactivity of a rhenium(I) carbonyl complex of triethynylphosphine.

Preparations of the first metal complexes of triethynylphosphine (TEP) are described. They are of the type fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3(TEP)+ (1) and cis,trans-[Re(bpy)(CO)2(TEP)L]n+ (CH3CN, n = 1, complex 2; Cl, n = 0, complex 3), where bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine. Complex 1 displays unusual photochemical behavior compared to analogous fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(PR3)]+ complexes in that it emits from a state that has π−π* character but undergoes competitive photosubstitution of both TEP and CO. Density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT calculations predict that the lowest emitting state should, in fact, have π−π* character.
Absolute amount of ribonucleic acid in virus and cytoplasmic particles.

As Frisch-Niggomeyer1 has pointed out, many viruses of plant and animal origin seem to contain the same quantity of ribonucleic acid, about 2 X 106 gm. per mole of virus. Recently, cytoplasmic nucleo-protein particles have been isolated from yeast2, pea root (Tsao, P., et al., personal communication) and rat liver3. From the particle weight and percentage of nucleic acid found for the particles from either yeast or pea root, a value of 1.7 × 106 gm. for the weight of ribonucleic acid existing in one mole of nucleoprotein may be calculated. A similar amount of ribonucleic acid seems to be contained also in the cytoplasmic particles from rat liver. Thus, in the normal cytoplasmic nucleoprotein particles of both plant and animal origin, the mass of ribonucleic acid appears to be the same and coincides with the amount found in many plant and animal viruses. In view of the diverse origin and very large variations in chemical and morphological complexity and in the absolute amounts of all other chemical constituents, the uniformity of nucleic acid content of these nucleo-proteins is felt to be remarkable.
A phase I study of suramin with once- or twice-monthly dosing in patients with advanced cancer.

Abstract Purpose. The optimal schedule of administration of suramin has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicities of suramin when administered using a fixed dosing scheme on a once- or twice-monthly schedule. Methods. A total of 40 patients were treated on this phase I dose-escalation study employing a once-monthly (day 1 of each 28-day cycle) and a twice-monthly (days 1 and 8 of each 28-day cycle) schedule. Results. The most common dose-limiting events included fatigue, neuropathy, and anorexia. We identified the 1440 mg/m2 dose level to be the maximal tolerated dose for both schedules, with 83% of patients developing dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) on the twice-monthly schedule, and 67% developing DLT on the monthly schedule. At the 1200 mg/m2 dose level, only 25% developed DLT on the twice-monthly schedule and 33% developed DLT on the monthly schedule. Trough suramin levels gradually increased with higher dose levels but fell well below the putative toxic concentration of 350 µg/ml. Conclusion. Suramin can be safely administered using a monthly schedule without using plasma concentrations to guide dosing.
Increase of the LC-MS/MS sensitivity and detection limits using on-line sample preparation with large volume plasma injection

Abstract Large volume injection (LVI) has systematically been studied to improve LC–MS/MS sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio, or S/N) and detection limits. The method of LVI was combined with on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) and LC–MS/MS detection for analysis of compounds directly in plasma. It was demonstrated that LVI of plasma with on-line SPE-LC–MS/MS allows for improvement of sensitivity and detection limits without compromising chromatographic peak shape and resolution and inducing significant matrix and signal suppression effects. Furthermore, sensitivity and detection limits improve linearly with the injection volume up to 100 μL. Quantification of the model compounds in plasma demonstrated comparable calibration curve statistics, precision and accuracy for 5, 50 and 100 μL plasma injections.
Identification of amino acids in HLA-DPw4bβ and -DR5β1 chains that are involved in antibody binding epitodes using site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-mediated gene transfer

Abstract Based on comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the β chains of HLA class II molecules that do or do not bind the I-LR1 monoclonal antibody, we predicted that glutamic acid 56 of 1-LR1-positive DPw2, DPw3, and DPw4bβ chains and the analogous glutamic acid 58 of I-LR1-positive DR5β1 chains are involved in the I-LR1 epitope. Site-directed mutagenesis of DPw4bβ and DR5β1 cDNAs was used to change the codons for glutamic acid 56 in DPw4bβ and glutamic acid 58 in DR5β1 to the codon for alanine found in I-LR1-negative β chains. Transfectants expressing wild-type DPw4bβ chains or DR5β1 chains bind the I-LR1 monoclonal antibody, whereas transfectants expressing the mutant DPw4bβ or DR5β1 chains do not bind I-LR1. Therefore, DPw4bβ glutamic acid 56 and DR5β1 glutamic acid 58 are involved in the epitope recognized by the I-LR1 monoclunal antibody. Interestingly, the DR5β1 glutamic acid→alanine 58 substitution also causes the loss of binding of two DR5-specific monoclonal antibodies to DR5β1 molecules. Because the sequences of amino acids 36 to 64 of the DPw4bβ chain and 38 to 66 of the DR5β1 chain are identical, these data raise some interesting issues about the formation of antibody epitopes on class II molecules.