cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metalized polyethylene mulch to repel Asian citrus psyllid, slow spread of huanglongbing and improve growth of new citrus plantings

BACKGROUND: Greening or huanglongbing (HLB) is a debilitating disease of citrus caused byCandidatusLiberibactor asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri. HLB now occurs worldwide in all major citrus growing regions except the Mediterranean and Australia. Management relies principally on insecticidal control of the ACP vector, but is insufficient, even for young trees which are most susceptible to the disease. We tested the ability of metalized polyethylene mulch to repel adult ACP as well as effects on incidence of HLB and early tree growth. RESULTS: Metalized mulch significantly reduced ACP populations and HLB incidence compared to whiteface mulch or bare ground. In addition, metalized mulch, together with the associated drip irrigation and fertigation system, increased soil moisture, reduced weed pressure, and increased tree growth rate. CONCLUSION: Metalized mulch slows spread of ACP and therefore HLB pressure on young citrus trees. Metalized mulch can thereby augment current control measures for young trees based primarily on systemic insecticides. Additional costs could be compensated for by increased tree growth rate which would shorten time to crop profitability. These advantages make a compelling case for large-scale trials using metalized mulch in young citrus plantings threatened by HLB. c � 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Relative effect of geographic context and international strategic approach on sustainability management

Organisations around the world are increasingly factoring in environmental and social demands as they strive to achieve enduring success beyond near-term financial returns. Only partially understood are the ways that organisations manage sustainability based on geographic location and multinational standardisation. This study analysed a worldwide survey of managers (N = 1,514) to compare across borders their perceptions of sustainability-related external influences, internal inhibitors, internal enabling factors, decision drivers, practices, and operating performance. Guided by an existing integrative model combining these factors, this paper analysed variation across geographic region, country-wide sustainability conditions, and level of economic development. Corporate sustainability motives, practices, and benefits do vary significantly across geographic contexts, but organisation size and strategy of operating as a national, multi-local, or global firm make an even bigger difference. Further research is suggested to deepen these findings.
Viral Alteration of Cellular Translational Machinery Increases Defective Ribosomal Products

Here we show that cells expressing genes inserted into Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors generate a large fraction of defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) due to frequent initiation on downstream Met residues. In monopolizing the host cell translational machinery, SFV reduces levels of translation eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), diminishes phosphorylation of ribosome subunit S6, and phosphorylates translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. We show that the last event is required for SFV mistranslation of inserted genes. Downstream initiation is suppressed by fusing inserted genes with the open reading frame encoding the SFV capsid, demonstrating that one function of the capsid element is to enable ribosomes to initiate translation in the proper location. These results show that in modifying translation, viral vectors can unpredictably increase the generation of truncated polypeptides and thereby the DRiP fraction of inserted gene products, which can potentially affect their yield, therapeutic efficacy, and immunogenicity.
To Really get ahead, get a metatheory

The increasing sophistication of the theoretical knowledge that guides our behavior may be due in part to the increasing sophistication of the metatheoretical knowledge that guides our theorizing.
Noninvasive Diabetes Technology Development: Report from the Institute for International Research Symposium

463 THE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH assembled a diverse group of individuals on September 11–13, 2000, in McLean, Virginia, to discuss new technologies applied to diabetes treatment. The participants exemplified the multidisciplinary approach required in drug and device development with speakers including basic scientists, engineers, mathematicians, endocrinologists, regulatory officials, clinical trials development specialists, and corporate marketing and development. Presentations focused on advances in glucose monitoring and minimally invasive treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus. Over the last several years, much of the groundbreaking research in these areas has shifted from traditional academic centers to industry. Since researchers within industry have generally been somewhat less likely to publish their findings in peer-reviewed journals, reports from symposium have become an increasingly important source for new research findings. Glucose monitoring represents a $2.5 billion market with many new technologies under development. Two noninvasive techniques to continuously measure interstitial glucose levels—sonophoresis and ionophoresis—were discussed. Continuous assessment of interstitial glucose offers great advantages to patients with diabetes, including information on the vector of glucose changes, alarm capabilities for those with hypoglycemia unawareness, and detection of unrecognized trends. The stratum corneum (outermost layer of dead skin) provides the usual barrier to diffusion of interstitial glucose. I discussed that sonophoresis utilizes low-frequency ultrasound (5–100 kHz) to cause temporary cavitation of the stratum corneum. Cavitation induces aqueous channels to form in the stratum corneum through which small molecules such as glucose can diffuse. The degree of cavitation is inversely proportional to the frequency of ultrasound applied. The effectiveness of ultrasound induced cavitation can be easily assessed by reductions in skin resistance. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that low-frequency ultrasound applied to human cadaveric skin or the intact rat could substantially increase glucose flux across the skin. Initial clinical trials indicated that low-frequency ultrasound applied for less than 2 min resulted in consistent glucose diffusion across the skin for a 12-h period. Preliminary studies indicated good correlation of glucose values over 4 h when compared to standard blood glucose measurements.1 The magnitude of glucose flux was significantly higher than generated by ionophoresis. This greater flux may translate to increased accuracy and shorter sampling time. Future studies are aimed at determining the effect of repeated ultrasound application and the possibility of cal-
History of the Family

As we have seen, the family crisis of the 1980s stimulated interest in the family and concerns about its well-being. To grasp the meaning of the changes in the structure and functions of the family that have been occurring, as well as the concerns and pathologies, it will be helpful to look at the history of the family. We shall do so not in terms of Santayana’s famous aphorism—that a person who does not learn the lessons of the past is doomed to repeat it—but more in accord with Benedetto Croce’s (1960) thesis that the past has contemporary significance because it is within us.
Computing history & ethics: the relevance of the real world for social change

We discuss the use of real-world scenarios in a computing history and ethics course to promote social change.CS-300, "The Computing Professional", is a course offered by Kettering University's Department of Computer Science. The course has an equal focus on computing history and computing ethics. Besides completing assigned readings and participating in classroom discussions, students are required to research an important figure or artifact from the history of computing, as well as a contemporary issue in computing ethics. Historical research is informed by considerations of the significance of the idea's value proposition. Ethics research is informed by a required analysis using the technique of paramedic ethics. Both research projects culminate in an oral presentation and a written research paper.Teaching computing history and ethics in a single course has been an effective combination. Anecdotally, students appreciate the variety of topics covered each week, as "too much" history or ethics in one sitting can drain interest. Together, students find themselves looking both backwards and forwards in time, seeing how decisions in the past led to the computing world we know today.Historical discussions are informed by consideration of the "value equation" (essentially, an "elevator pitch") that a new computational artifact provides. Often, advocates for a new technology focus on the attributes of the technology itself, rather than the need of the customer that the new technology might fulfill. An effective value equation focuses instead on the customer's need. Similarly, advocates for social change ought to focus on how the change they want to see addresses the needs of those making the change (for example, recent research showing how diverse research teams produce more valuable patents).Ethical discussions often begin with classic imaginary case studies (e.g. the trolley problem). In our experience, students tend to react to imaginary case studies as if the case studies were games, seeking to change the parameters of each game, in order to avoid dealing with the ethical dilemma being presented, or to create an obvious "winning" condition for the game. In contrast, students react much more appropriately to real-world ethical scenarios. Students are much less likely to seek to change the conditions of the case study, since the events already occurred. Real scenarios contain a wealth of details that must be evaluated, with irrelevant details discarded. And students have an easier time visualizing themselves in the scenario (especially if the conclusion of the story is omitted).
A New Species of Clastoptera (Homoptera, Cercopidæ)

During the last few years there has been added to the Snow collection a long series of a new species of Clastoptera . At first this species was determined as Clastoptera proteus var. vittata . Later, however, when material from the collections of Dr. Ball, L. A. Stearns, the National and American museums were studied it was evident that the species was entirely different from the specimens of the variety vittata found in these collections. A close study of these forms revealed certain well-marked differences, the outstanding ones, being the fact that Clastoptera salicis (sp. n.) is much larger than either Clastoptera proteus Fitch, or Clastoptera proteus var. vittata Ball and also has decidedly different color markings as is shown in the dorsal views of the three forms in the accompanying plate. The structure of the male genitalia also differs somewhat in the two species. See Figs. 1 and 2. The lateral hook of the style in salicis is longer in proportion to the width of the style than it is in proteus . See Figs. 3 and 4. At first this seems an unappreciable difference but from a study of other members of this genus it seems that the genital characters in this genus do not differ as much even among widely separated species as they do in other genera of Cercopidae such as Lepyronia .
Mesoporous Silica-Supported Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticulates as Efficient Catalysts for Photoinduced Water Oxidation

The preparation of nanoparticulate RuO2 supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 was optimized to achieve a uniform dispersion and confinement of RuO2. The supported RuO2 (NP2) has been used as the catalyst for photoinduced water oxidation with Ru(bpy)32+ as the photosensitizer and S2O82– as the sacrificial oxidant. Both NP2 and the previously prepared NP1 achieved O2 yields (based on S2O82–) of 95% and 88% and overall quantum efficiencies of 11.3% and 10.0%, respectively. These benchmark numbers far exceed those of many other metal oxide-based catalysts and previously reported RuO2 catalysts. In addition, NP2 has been recycled up to five times with minimal loss of activity.
Feasibility of characterizing spore color in Aspergilli by reflectance spectrophotometry.

Methods were developed for harvesting large amounts of Aspergillus spores and preparing samples for spectrophotometry. The reflectance of visible light from conidia of 18 isolates each of Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, and A. parasiticus was measured using a single beam, wavelengthscanning spectrophotometer adapted for reflectance measurements and equipped with an X-Y recorder. The groups of curves obtained from conidia of these three species differed from one another in several important characteristics. The results of these measurements demonstrated the feasibility of characterizing differences in the spore color of aspergilli by reflectance spectrophotometry. This type of data could be very useful for numerical taxonomy.
ICan: an optimized ion-current-based quantification procedure with enhanced quantitative accuracy and sensitivity in biomarker discovery.

The rapidly expanding availability of high-resolution mass spectrometry has substantially enhanced the ion-current-based relative quantification techniques. Despite the increasing interest in ion-current-based methods, quantitative sensitivity, accuracy, and false discovery rate remain the major concerns; consequently, comprehensive evaluation and development in these regards are urgently needed. Here we describe an integrated, new procedure for data normalization and protein ratio estimation, termed ICan, for improved ion-current-based analysis of data generated by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). ICan achieved significantly better accuracy and precision, and lower false-positive rate for discovering altered proteins, over current popular pipelines. A spiked-in experiment was used to evaluate the performance of ICan to detect small changes. In this study E. coli extracts were spiked with moderate-abundance proteins from human plasma (MAP, enriched by IgY14-SuperMix procedure) at two different leve...
A Gelatin Fixative for Paraffin Sections

Mayer's albumen fixative, of which the active principle is white of egg, is used almost universally for affixing paraffin ribbons to the slide. About eight years ago the writer's attention was called to a gelatin fixative which has proved to be so superior to albumen that he has used it almost exclusively ever since in the making of a great variety of botanical preparations, and has recommended it to a number of other workers whose experience with it subsequently has been just as satisfactory. The gelatin method was first described by Szombathy1 and later discussed by Artschwager,2 but it does not seem to have received the attention in the literature which its importance deserves. It certainly merits a wide spread use among both botanists and zoologists.
The preliminary design of smoking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire for smoking male college students

[Objective]To design the smoking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire for smoking male college students.[Methods]The preliminary questionnaire survey was conducted in 208 smoking male college students.The project analysis,exploratory factor test,confirmatory factor test and the reliability analysis were performed in data,to establish the final questionnaire.[Results]The model fit index of questionnaire was 0.07.The total internal consistency Alpha coefficient of questionnaire was 0.941,while the internal consistency Alpha coefficient of four dimensions was 0.853,0.945,0.948 and 0.897,respectively.[Conclusion]The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and it can be used for evaluating the ability to resist the temptation of tobacco in male college students,and predicting the recurrence.
Perceived Service Quality in Long-Term Care Facilities: Is Quality in the Eye of the Beholder?

In services such as health care and education, the service consumer and purchaser of the service are not necessarily the same. The purchaser could be the family of the client, the taxpaying public, or a philanthropic sponsor. Intermediary purchasers include organizations such as insurance companies and governmental agencies. The challenge to the manager and marketer is identifying which dimensions of service quality are most important in determining how satisfied with the service this outside stakeholder group is and whether their expectations and perceptions of service quality match the service client’s.
Impact of seam types on thermal properties of athletic bodywear

This study investigated the differences in thermal properties of primary seam types used in athletic apparel construction. Traditional seam types, such as overlock and flatlock, as well as adhesive...
Peritoneal fluid plasminogen activator activity in endometriosis and pelvic adhesive disease

Plasminogen activator activity in PF was assayed by the fibrinolysis method described by Strickland and Beers. In 45 patients studied, there were no discernible differences according to whether patients had endometriosis and/or pelvic adhesive disease. No differences were detected according to when in the menstrual cycle the sample of PF was obtained. These data are in concordance with a previous report and taken together suggest that there is no difference in fibrinolytic mechanisms in PF in patients with or without endometriosis and/or pelvic adhesive disease, when compared with control subjects. If such differences exist, they may be present in the tissues, per se, but are not discernible in PF.
Role of Dietary Fat in Experimental Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

Pancreatic cancer ranks eighth with respect to incidence of cancer in the United States. However, it is the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer with about 25,000 deaths per year (1). Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is usually late in the course of the disease thus precluding effective treatment. The median survival following diagnosis is 4–6 months and the 5-year survival is usually less than 1% of all cases. With the exception of an association with the smoking of cigarettes, the etiology of pancreatic cancer is largely unknown (2).
Benefits of Video and Eye Toy Gaming for Children with Autism

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate that video and eye toy gaming can be used to enhance the social learning of children with autism directly through video modeling and multimedia social story interventions and indirectly through engaging typically developing students with educational videos that increase their sensitivity, knowledge, and behavioral intentions when interacting socially with children with autism, and perhaps other disorders as well. We suggest that it is important to develop typical children’s positive attitudes and intentions toward peers with disabilities. Research has shown that this can be accomplished through video which has the power to influence a person’s perception and subsequent behavior in other situations, for instance, in moderating the development and use of stereotypes regarding race (Givens & Monahan, 2005; Ward, Hansbrough, & Walker, AbsTRAcT
Comparison of Alcohol Withdrawal Outcomes in Patients Treated with Benzodiazepines Alone versus Adjunctive Phenobarbital: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: For treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome, high dose benzodiazepines (BZDs) may cause delirium and over-sedation. Phenobarbital (PBT) is a long-acting barbiturate effective for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Given the potential benefits of PBT, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of PBT as adjunctive treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study on patients with a diagnosis of alcohol withdrawal who had a CIWA-Ar score > 10 treated with either BZDs alone (BZD alone group) or BZDs with adjunctive PBT (PBT-adjunct group). The patients received at least one dose of PBT in addition to BZDs (variable doses) in the PBT-adjunct group, and three doses of 20 mg diazepam equivalents within 6 hours in the BZD alone group. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a CIWA-Ar score < 10 at 24 hours after initial treatment. Duration of withdrawal and cumulative dose of BZDs were also assessed. Results: Seven subjects in the adjunctive phenobarbital and 21 in the benzodiazepine group were included in the final analysis. Two patients (28.6%) in the PBT-adjunct group and 5 patients (23.8%) in the BZD only group achieved the primary endpoint, though the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.588). The median (IQR) duration of withdrawal symptoms was 44 (12-62) hours in the PBT-adjunct group compared to 53 (37-87) hours in the BZD only group, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.249). The median (IQR) cumulative BZD dose requirement (diazepam equivalent) in the PBT-adjunct group was significantly lower than BZD alone group (25 (20-226) vs. 326 (160-550) mg, P = 0.02). Conclusion: PBT appears to be a safe and effective alternative to BZDs for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal in non-critically ill patients and may be BZD sparing.
Understanding inequality in China.

Drawing on past research, including my own, I set forth the following propositions: (1) inequality in China has been generated and maintained by structural collective mechanisms, such as regions and work units; (2) traditional Chinese political ideology has promoted merit-based inequality, with merit being perceived as functional in improving the collective welfare for ordinary people; and (3) many Chinese people today regard inequality as an inevitable consequence of economic development. Thus, it seems unlikely that social inequality alone would lead to political and social unrest in today’s China.
PLR Partitions: Extending Maps to Include Point and Line Features

Spatial partitions represent maps containing areal features and their boundaries. In this chapter, we extend the definition of spatial partitions in to PLR partitions (Point, Line, Region Partitions) which represent maps containing point, line, and region features.
Feasibility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Implications for the NCI LungMAP study.

8096 Background: While potentially targetable genomic alterations have been identified in squamous NSCLC, none have yet been translated into effective therapy. The NCI LungMAP study was designed to...
Beyond Contextualization: Toward a Twenty-First-Century Model for Enabling Mission:

International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 34, No. 4 I one course I taught recently, I had forty-two students from thirteen nations, with a combined 313 years of mission experience in forty-six countries. Such prior knowledge of the world generates an expectation of rich classroom participation and dialogue. Managing the interaction is both rewarding and challenging for professors who seek to ensure that all voices are heard. Such a teaching experience is symptomatic of our contemporary world and reflects the shifts taking place in the nature of mission. How can we build maximally on these changes to reflect the glory of God throughout the earth? These shifts signal the need for a new approach in the way we teach missiology, as well as in how we approach the challenging task we call world mission. In the circumstances of our post–9/11 and increasingly postChristian world, what resources does missiology as a discipline have for responding to current challenges? A decade ago Doreen Massey, in an article reflecting on the state of affairs throughout the social sciences, emphasized the need for crossing disciplinary boundaries.1 Missiology, itself a very young discipline, is Beyond Contextualization: Toward a Twenty-first-Century Model for Enabling Mission
Speech Situation Checklist–Revised: Investigation With Adults Who Do Not Stutter and Treatment-Seeking Adults Who Stutter

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Speech Situation Checklist for adults who stutter (SSC) in differentiating people who stutter (PWS) from speakers with no stutter...
Effects of fixation back pressure and antimineralization treatment on the morphology of porcine aortic bioprosthetic valves

Calcification frequently causes failure of porcine aortic valve bioprostheses; changes in collagen configuration induced by high-back-pressure fixation have deleterious effects on porcine aortic valve mechanics. Although modified porcine aortic valve bioprostheses that include the use of lower-pressure fixation and antimineralization treatments are used clinically, the morphologic characteristics of these valves are not known. We evaluated, by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the comparative structural details of clinically processed Hancock Standard (no antimineralization treatment, 80 mm Hg fixation), Hancock II (T-6 antimineralization treatment, fixed initially at 1.5 mm Hg, then 80 mm Hg) and Intact (toluidine blue antimineralization treatment, zero-pressure–fixed [0 mm Hg]) porcine aortic valve bioprostheses as well as true low-pressure (1.5 mm Hg) fixed valves, zero-pressure–fixed porcine aortic valves (with no further treatment), and freshly fixed porcine aortic valve cusps as controls. Commercially processed valves had near-complete loss of endothelium and amorphous extracellular matrix and autolytic changes in the cuspal connective tissue cells. Both 80 and 1.5/80 mm Hg fixed valves, but not zero-pressure–fixed cusps (Intact valves, zero-pressure–fixed porcine aortic valves or immediately fixed porcine aortic valve cusps), had overall flattening and compression with near-complete loss of transverse cuspal ridges and collagen crimp; valves fixed at 1.5 mm Hg had intermediate features. T-6 and toluidine blue treatments induced no definite incremental microscopic changes attributable to the antimineralization treatment. No degenerative changes in collagen were noted in any valves that underwent antimineralization treatment. These studies indicate that valves fixed at zero but not at 80 or 1.5/80 mm Hg pressure retain collagen architecture virtually identical to that of relaxed native porcine aortic valve cusps and that the antimineralization treatments studied do not adversely affect collagen morphology.
Land Use Change Modeling with SLEUTH: Improving Calibration with a Genetic Algorithm

SLEUTH is a cellular automaton computer simulation model that uses historical land use and other data to project growth and land use change into the future. The model has seen over 100 applications worldwide, and has been among the leading cellular automaton (CA) models applied in simulating land use change at many different spatial scales. The model is highly dependent on the use of historical data to derive the behavioral parameters that best capture the structure and dynamics of the location-specific growth history. While several improvements have been made to the model to increase calibration speed, the current brute force calibration technique has proven popular, in spite of it requiring a multi-phase process and hundreds of CPU hours. This chapter reports on the use of a new alternative calibration method, in which the brute force method is replaced with a genetic algorithm (GA). A version of the model code that executes the GA calibration has been written and made public. The GA calibration process populates a “chromosome” with a set of parameter combinations (genes), of which five are required by the model, each with ranges from 0 to 100. These combinations are then used for model calibration runs, and the most successful (as measured by the Optimal SLEUTH metric) are selected for mutation (recombination of their values), while the least successful are replaced with new randomly selected values. Critical values that must be provided are the population size of the chromosome, the number of iterations or generations over which evolution will continue, the evolution mutation rate, and the number of offspring and replacements in each generation. To select suitable default values for these rates, two SLEUTH applications were used at the extremes of the model’s calibration performance success. These were for San Diego, California where the model fit was very strong, and Andijan, Uzbekistan, where the model was most hard pressed to capture the complex growth process. In both cases, full model calibrations were completed using brute force calibration, followed by calibrations using the GA. It was found necessary to hold the GA parameters constant while repeatedly recalibrating the model using different values for the GA settings. In all cases, the GA model performed as well as the brute force method, but used vastly less computation time. There were also subtle but minor differences in the best SLEUTH forecasts that were explored by mapping the differences among results. The optimal values for GA calibration are given and set as the defaults for SLEUTH-GA, a new version of the SLEUTH model.
Nursing Home Employee and Resident Satisfaction and Resident Care Outcomes.

Abstract Background Nursing home resident care is an ongoing topic of public discussion, and there is great interest in improving the quality of resident care. This study investigated the association between nursing home employees' job satisfaction and residents' satisfaction with care and medical outcomes. Methods Employee and resident satisfaction were measured by questionnaire in 175 skilled nursing facilities in the eastern United States from 2005 to 2009. Facility-level data on residents' pressure ulcers, medically unexplained weight loss, and falls were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Long-Term Care Minimum Data Set. The association between employee satisfaction and resident satisfaction was examined with multiple and multilevel linear regression. Associations between employee satisfaction and the rates of pressure ulcers, weight loss, and falls were examined with simple and multilevel Poisson regression. Results A 1-point increase in overall employee satisfaction was associated with an increase of 17.4 points (scale 0–100) in the satisfaction of residents and family members (p Conclusion Job satisfaction of nursing home employees is associated with lower rates of resident injuries and higher resident satisfaction with care. A supportive work environment may help increase quality of care in the nation's nursing homes.
Exploring the Use of Personal Technology in Type 2 Diabetes Management Among Ethnic Minority Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Survey Data from the Lifestyle Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes Study (LIFT Diabetes)

Background: Minority populations have higher morbidity from chronic diseases and typically experience worse health outcomes. Internet technology may afford a low-cost method of ongoing chronic disease management to promote improved health outcomes among minority populations. Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the feasibility of capitalizing on the pervasive use of technology as a secondary means of delivering diabetic counseling though an investigation of correlates to technology use within the context of an ongoing diabetes intervention study. Methods: The Lifestyle Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes study (LIFT Diabetes) randomly assigned 260 overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to 2 intervention arms. At baseline, we administered a survey evaluating access to and use of various technologies and analyzed the responses using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The sample population had a mean age of 56 (SD 11) years; 67.3% (175/260) were female and 54.6% (n=142) self-identified as being from ethnic minority groups (n=125, 88.0% black; n=6, 4.3% Hispanic; and n=11, 7.7% other). Minority participants had higher baseline mean body mass index (P=.002) and hemoglobin A1c levels (P=.003). Minority participants were less likely to have a home computer (106/142, 74.7% vs 110/118, 93.2%; P<.001) and less likely to have email access at home (P=.03). Ownership of a home computer was correlated to higher income (P<.001), higher educational attainment (P<.001), full-time employment (P=.01), and ownership of a smartphone (P=.001). Willingness to complete questionnaires online was correlated to higher income (P=.001), higher education (P<.001), full-time employment (P=.01), and home access to a computer, internet, and smartphone (P≤.05). Racial disparities in having a home computer persisted after controlling for demographic variables and owning a smartphone (adjusted OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.67; P=.01). Willingness to complete questionnaires online was driven by ownership of a home computer (adjusted OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.14-13.2; P=.03). Conclusions: Adults who self-identified as being part of a minority group were more likely to report limited access to technology than were white adults. As ownership of a home computer is central to a willingness to use online tools, racial disparities in access may limit the potential of Web-based interventions to reach this population. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01806727; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01806727 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xOq2b7Tv) [JMIR Diabetes 2018;3(1):e5]
The Role of the Registered Nurse Working in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Hermeneutic Study

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a national public health crisis. However, there is minimal existing research literature on the role of the nurse working in SUD treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of the professional role of the registered nurse working in the SUD setting. The study utilized a Heideggerian Phenomenological approach with a modified Colaizzi method for analysis and interpretation. The nine study participants, two males and seven females, aged 27-60 had worked in SUD treatment for 1-37 years. Three major themes, with sub-themes, emerged: Defining the Role for Self; Learning the Role; and Navigating with Ease in an Unchangeable Culture. Findings demonstrated that nurses in SUD treatment value their role and the care of patients with SUDs. Patient recovery or relapse influenced job satisfaction. Significantly, the findings highlighted an outdated role with rigid boundaries and no real contemporary identity. Findings can be used to address the need for a contemporary SUD nursing identity and to support ongoing involvement of nurses in health policy related to SUDs.
Early career nurses with fewer supportive peers for safe patient handling are likely to quit.

This prospective study observed turnover during 1 year at a community hospital in Oregon (n = 39). The study tested whether nurses who at baseline nominated fewer peers as sources of safe patient handling support were more likely to quit than nurses with more supportive peers. Six nurses with tenure under 2 years left their positions. Nurses who quit reported half as many co-workers as sources of support relative to nurses who remained employed, and each additional peer nomination reduced the risk of turnover by 15%. Further research should establish the contribution of peer safety support reducing turnover among recent hires.
A multirate fractional-order repetitive control for laser-based additive manufacturing

Abstract This paper discusses fractional-order repetitive control (RC) to advance the quality of periodic energy deposition in laser-based additive manufacturing (AM). It addresses an intrinsic RC limitation when the exogenous signal frequency cannot divide the sampling frequency of the sensor, e.g., in imaging-based control of fast laser-material interaction in AM. Three RC designs are proposed to address such fractional-order repetitive processes. In particular, a new multirate RC provides superior performance gains by generating high-gain control exactly at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of exogenous signals. Experimentation on a galvo laser scanner in AM validates effectiveness of the designs.
Hardware Trojan Detection

Emerging trend of outsourcing the design and fabrication services to external facilities as well as increasing reliance on third-party Intellectual Property (IP) cores and electronic design automation tools makes integrated circuits (ICs) increasingly vulnerable to hardware Trojan attacks at different stages of its life-cycle. Figure 15.1 shows the modern IC design, fabrication, test, and deployment stages highlighting the level of trust at each stage. This scenario raises a new set of challenges for trust validation with respect to malicious design modification at various stages of an IC life-cycle, where untrusted components/personnel are involved [1]. In particular, it brings in the requirement for reliable detection of malicious design modification made in an untrusted fabrication facility, during post-manufacturing test. It also imposes a requirement for trust validation in IP cores obtained from untrusted thirdparty vendors.
Design of an Acceleration Sensor Embedded RFID (SE-RFID) Tag for Highway Guardrail Monitoring

An acceleration sensor embedded semi-passive RFID tag has been successfully designed and prototyped for highway guardrail monitoring. The tag can sense acceleration of the tagged guardrail in 3 directions (X, Y & Z) and successfully communicate with a nearby reader based on the EPC Generation 2 protocol. A complete frame structure has also been defined to fit the dynamic data within the standardized framework. The sensor tag data can be further relayed to a remote data processing center via WLAN and the Internet.
OR23: THE INTEGRIN β4 CONNECTING SEGMENT DOMAIN IS REQUIRED FOR HLA CLASS I-MEDIATED ENDOTHELIAL CELL ACTIVATION

Aim Endothelial cell (EC) activation is a major consequence of HLA class I (HLA-I) antibody-mediated rejection. Previous studies have shown that the molecular association between HLA-I molecule and integrin β 4 (ITGB4) is required for EC migration and proliferation by regulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. However, the proximal signaling pathway that regulates HLA-I and ITGB4 association remains unclear. Methods We determined the domains of the ITGB4 cytoplasmic tail required for HLA-I mediated phosphorylation pathways and correlated these findings with functional studies. Primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were used for this study. To identify the ITGB4 intracellular domain that associates with HLA-I, we generated constructs encoding ITGB4 full length (WT) or deletion mutants that lack the Calx- β , fibronectin type III repeat (FNIII 1–4) or connecting segment (CS). These constructs were sub-cloned into adenovirus-based vector and adenovirus encoding WT or mutants were generated. Endogenous ITGB4 expression was suppressed using siRNA transfection. HAEC lacking endogenous ITGB4 were infected with adenovirus and protein phosphorylation and cell migration were further analyzed. Results Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that both the WT and deletion mutant-infected HAEC had similar levels of cell surface or total expression of ITGB4. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that stimulation with the F(ab′)2 fragment of HLA-I antibody increased HLA-I association with ITGB4 in a time dependent manner in WT adenovirus infected HAEC. In contrast, HAEC infected with the CS deletion mutant significantly inhibited HLA-I association with ITGB4 compared to WT, Calx- β or FNIII mutant infected cells. In addition, the CS deletion mutant decreased HLA-I induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation as measured by Western blot. Using in vitro wound healing assay, we found that over expression of ITGB4 increased EC migration compared to LacZ infected cells, whereas CS deletion decreased HLA-I induced EC migration. Furthermore, HLA-I antibody increased the association of ITGB4 with the adaptor protein Shc. This association was decreased by CS deletion. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that HLA-I binds to ITGB4 via the connecting segment domain that is required for ERK1/2 signaling and EC activation.
Encountering Disenfranchised Grief: An Investigation of the Clinical Lived Experiences in Dance/Movement Therapy

This study employed a transcendental phenomenological methodology to understand how clients’ lived experiences of disenfranchised grief are present within the clinical therapeutic relationship in dance/movement therapy. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews from four dance/movement therapists who have worked with clients experiencing disenfranchised grief. Moustakas’ adaptation of the Stevick–Colaizzi–Keen method of data analysis was used concurrently with data collection. Data analysis resulted in four textural themes: (a) Disenfranchised grief can be described as disconnecting, overwhelming, complex, unrecognized, and pervasive; (b) It is distinguished by exacerbated grief; (c) It is recognized as a distinct form of grief; and (d) It involved consistencies in biopsychosocial and movement goals and focus. Structural themes describe how disenfranchisement was experienced: (a) social/cultural factors, (b) dance/movement therapy approach and interventions, (c) heightened kinesthetic empathy and somatic countertransference, and (d) the therapeutic movement relationship. These themes support the current literature and suggest that the experience of disenfranchised grief includes embodied effects. Furthermore, dance/movement therapy may assist with addressing these effects, restoring individuals’ right to grieve, and supporting them in their grieving process.
Tradeoffs, balancing, and adaptation in the agriculture-oil and gas nexus: Insights from farmers and ranchers in the United States

Abstract This paper seeks to expand an emerging, multi-disciplinary body of work about tradeoffs in the agriculture-oil and gas nexus by offering evidence of the ways that farm and ranch operators experienced and negotiated costs and benefits of hosting oil and gas in three U.S. oil and gas plays. We report results of mail survey sent to landowners in four rural counties in three U.S. oil and gas regions (Marcellus, Powder River Basin and Bakken) and specifically data from farmers and ranchers about perceptions and experiences of the agriculture-oil and gas nexus (n = 96). The data provided through closed- and open-ended questions suggest, from the perspective of those hosting energy infrastructure on farms and ranches, oil and gas development has enhanced agriculture operations and rural livelihoods but is not without negative impacts or tradeoffs. We introduce the balancing act as a useful framework for considering tradeoffs associated with hosting extractive industries as it allows space for the “balance” between economic activities to be impossible, aspirational or achievable. The study observes that mechanisms through which positive and negative effects operate vary according to agricultural context. Implications for research and practice in the agriculture-energy nexus are discussed.
A Mentor-Led Text-Messaging Intervention Increases Intake of Fruits and Vegetables and Goal Setting for Healthier Dietary Consumption among Rural Adolescents in Kentucky and North Carolina, 2017.

Introduction—Text-messaging interventions hold promise for successful weight loss interventions. However, there is limited research on text-messaging interventions to improve dietary intake among rural adolescents, who are at greater risk for obesity and related risk factors. The goal of this study was to test an eight-week, mentor-led text-messaging intervention among 14–16-year-old rural adolescents: the “Go Big and Bring It Home” Project to improve fruit and vegetable and healthy beverage intake. Methods and Materials—Eight rural high schools in eastern Kentucky and eastern North Carolina participated (n = 4 were randomized as intervention schools and n = 4 were randomized as control schools). Adolescents were recruited to participate in the eight-week text-messaging intervention. The text messages were primarily affective messages, and included a weekly challenge related to consuming fruits, vegetables, or healthy/low-calorie beverages. Undergraduate nutrition students sent text messages on Tuesday and Saturday every week over the eight-week period via the “Group Me” mobile application. Delayed controls received no information or text messages during the eight-week intervention. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured with the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener and beverage intake was assessed using the Beverage Questionnaire-10 (BEVQ-10). Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted among all those that completed the baseline and post-intervention survey (n = 277 intervention students and n = 134 delayed control students). All linear regression models were adjusted for race and were clustered on school to control for intraclass correlation. Results—In adjusted analyses, there was a statistically significant positive intervention effect on the primary outcome of fruit and vegetable servings/day with a mean difference between intervention and control participants of 1.28 servings/day (95% Confidence Interval 1.11, 1.48). There was no intervention effect on beverage intake. There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of goal setting for healthier dietary behaviors among intervention participants relative to controls. Conclusion—An eight-week text-messaging intervention led to increases in self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and improvements in goal setting for healthier dietary behaviors. Due to the use of undergraduate students to deliver the messages, and use of an existing web application, this text-messaging intervention can be sustained in underserved, rural environments. Thus there is potential for significant reach and public health impact to improve dietary patterns.
sGC stimulator praliciguat suppresses stellate cell fibrotic transformation and inhibits fibrosis and inflammation in models of NASH

Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) signaling are a key element of the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) enhance NO signaling; have been shown preclinically to reduce inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis; and thus have been proposed as potential therapies for NASH and fibrotic liver diseases. Praliciguat, an oral sGC stimulator with extensive distribution to the liver, was used to explore the role of this signaling pathway in NASH. We found that sGC is expressed in hepatic stellate cells and stellate-derived myofibroblasts, but not in hepatocytes. Praliciguat acted directly on isolated hepatic stellate cells to inhibit fibrotic and inflammatory signaling potentially through regulation of AMPK and SMAD7. Using in vivo microdialysis, we demonstrated stimulation of the NO-sGC pathway by praliciguat in both healthy and fibrotic livers. In preclinical models of NASH, praliciguat treatment was associated with lower levels of liver fibrosis and lower expression of fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers. Praliciguat treatment lowered hepatic steatosis and plasma cholesterol levels. The antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of praliciguat were recapitulated in human microtissues in vitro. These data provide a plausible cellular basis for the mechanism of action of sGC stimulators and suggest the potential therapeutic utility of praliciguat in the treatment of NASH.
Functional Gradient Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Impact-Resistant Armor

Biomimetic functionally graded materials show excellent mechanical strength and impact resistance. Inspired by the nacre that the facing hard cell to blunt the impact while the inner backing tissue...