cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Female Headed Households in Early Modern Kyoto, Japan

Abstract : This study examines female-headed households in the late Tokugawa era in Kyoto, Japan, 1843-1868. The study uses a data set of 37,000 person-year observations from individual faith surveys (also known as population registers) compiled by 30 neighborhoods in Kyoto, supplemented by qualitative documents to compare those households listing a female head with those listing a male head or a child aged 1-10 as the head of household. The number of households listing women or children as head, despite the presence of adult males, already suggests that headship was not about patriarchal authority. This study of female-headed households therefore examines the significance of listing women as head of household and what female headed households reveal about gender, headship and family in mid-nineteenth century Kyoto during the final years of the Tokugawa regime. Key words : Female headed households, headship, marriage, inheritance, children, property Resumen : El presente trabajo examina los hogares con jefatura femenina en la era Tokugawa tardia (1843-1868) en Kioto, Japon. Se uso un conjunto de datos de 37.000 observaciones ano-persona de encuestas individuales (tambien llamadas registros de poblacion) compiladas por 30 barrios en Kioto y complementadas por documentos cualitativos para comparar los hogares con jefatura femenina con aquellos que tenian a un nino entre uno y diez anos como jefe de hogar. La cantidad de hogares que registraron mujeres o ninos cabeza de hogar, a pesar de la presencia de hombres adultos, sugiere que la jefatura no estaba relacionada con la autoridad patriarcal. Por lo tanto, el estudio de hogares con jefatura femenina examina el significado de los registros de mujeres como cabeza de hogar y lo que este tipo de hogares refleja sobre el genero, la jefatura y la familia en el Kioto de mediados del siglo XIX, durante los ultimos anos del regimen Tokugawa. Palabras clave : Hogares con jefatura femenina, jefatura, matrimonio, herencia, hijos, propiedades doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2017.3705
Parameter biasing obfuscation for analog IP protection

A unique key-based technique that obfuscates the critical biasing conditions of an analog circuit is developed. The proposed technique targets the physical dimensions of the transistors used to set the optimal biasing conditions. The width of a transistor is obfuscated and, based on an applied key sequence, provides a range of potential biasing points. Only when the correct key sequence is applied, certain transistor(s) are active, and the correct biasing points are set at the target node. The proposed bias encryption technique is implemented on a VCO based phase locked loop (PLL) in a standard 180nm CMOS process. Circuit parameters including the settling time, power, and phase noise for both the obfuscated and an un-obfuscated PLL are compared. A 40-bit encryption key is used to obfuscate biasing parameters, significantly improving the security of an analog IC. Obfuscating the PLL results in a 6.3% increase in area, 0.89% increase in power consumption, and 5 dBc/Hz increase in phase noise. The probability to determine the correct key through brute force attack is 9.095×10−13. By implementing the proposed technique on multiple analog components in the integrated circuit, the key space is increased and the overall security is further improved. The analog obfuscation technique complements existing digital encryption techniques and is an effective countermeasure against IP theft, counterfeiting, and overproduction of analog and mixed signal circuits.
Antimicrobial Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin-Silica Composite Pastes with Tunable Setting Properties.

Bone grafting is one of the commonest surgical procedures, yet all bone substitutes developed so far suffer from specific weaknesses and the search for a bone graft material with ideal physical and biological properties is still ongoing. Calcium phosphate pastes are the most frequently used synthetic bone grafts, yet they (a) often take an impractically long time to set, (b) release the drug content too fast, and (c) do not form pores large enough to accommodate host cells and foster osseointegration. To make up for these deficiencies, we introduced gelatin and silica to pastes composed of 5–15 nm sized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and yielded a bioresorbable composite that is compact, yet flowing upon injection; that prevents setting at room temperature, but sets promptly, in minutes, at 37 °C; that displays an increase in surface porosity following immersion in physiological fluids; that allows for sustained release of antibiotics; and that sets in a tunable manner and in clinically relevant time windows: 1–3 minutes at its fastest. Timelapse, in situ X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the setting process is accompanied by an increase in crystallinity of the initially amorphous hydroxyapatite, involving no polymorphic phase transitions in its course. Setting time can be tuned by controlling the weight content of gelatin or powder-to-liquid ratio. The release of vancomycin was slow, ∼8% after 2 weeks, and unaffected by the gelatin content. While vancomycin-loaded pastes were effective in reducing the concentration of all bacterial species analyzed, the bacteriostatic effects of the antibiotic-free pastes were pronounced against S. liquefaciens and E. coli. S. liquefaciens bacilli underwent beading and filamentation during the treatment, suggesting that the antimicrobial effects are attributable to cell wall disruption by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Vancomycin-loaded pastes augmented the activity of the antibiotic against P. aeruginosa and S. liquefaciens, while exhibiting no negative effects against human mesenchymal stem cells. They were also uptaken three times more abundantly than pure hydroxyapatite, indicating the theoretical favorability of their use for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. This selectivity, toxic for bacteria and harmless for primary stem cells, is promising for application as bone grafts for osteomyelitis.
The freedom schools: student activists in the Mississippi civil rights movement, by Jon N. Hale

To many familiar with the history of the Civil Rights Movement, ‘Freedom Summer’ remains one of its most iconic chapters. Before urban unrest and economic malaise tainted the optimism of sixties’ s...
Populismo y Educación Musical

En este articulo el autor intenta bosquejar una respuesta a una cuestion planteada por los editores del British Journal of Music Education : que se entiende por educacion musical y que experiencias deberian requerirse. El autor rechaza un analisis sobre los programas actuales ya que existe escaso consenso sobre que tipo de programas tienen exito. Examina la cuestion con una mirada mas amplia e investiga sobre la influencia de los gobiernos en el modo en que respaldan la educacion, sobre como son educados los docentes, y la importancia de la investigacion relevante en el campo de las humanidades, desde una cultura nacional o global, o de los profesionales de la musica. La educacion musical es muy singular, y no esta influida por el estado o por la preparacion de los profesores. El curriculo actual esta influenciado, sin ninguna investigacion, por profesores individuales que creen en la ciudadania global en lugar de en la nacional. La historia de la cultura, un analisis de como los estudiantes responden a una obra de arte, y las ideas de un musico profesional intercultural con un compromiso con la educacion tienen todas su base en la investigacion cualitativa y pueden proporcionar una educacion musical que tenga un significado importante y valioso.
Online-Bezahldienst „WeChat Pay“

WeChat App ist nicht nur ein IM-Dienst, sondern auch der meistgenutzte Online-Bezahldienst in China mit einer Gesamtnutzerzahl von uber 300 Mio. Durch den Bezahldienst „WeChat Pay“ sind Unternehmen heutzutage in der Lage, ein eigenes Business-Okosystem mit WeChat zu bilden. Die Nutzung des Bezahldienstes ist so einfach, dass praktisch jeder kleine Laden in China den Dienst in Anspruch nehmen kann. Auch fur Cross-Border Business kann der Bezahldienst „WeChat Pay“ zum Einsatz kommen. In diesem Kapitel wird erklart, welchen Nutzen „WeChat Pay“ Unternehmen bietet, wie der Bezahldienst beantragt werden kann und welche Zahlungsmoglichkeiten es gibt. Am Ende des Kapitels wird die Einrichtung eines WeChat-Onlineshops kurz beschrieben.
Acupuncture ‘dose’ (number of treatments) and insurance benefits in the USA

Background An adequate treatment dose, including a sufficient number of acupuncture treatments, is important for the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for common conditions. Objective To examine the characteristics of US adults who used a full course of acupuncture (≥6 treatments), a short course (1–5 treatments) or no acupuncture, including use of insurance benefits for acupuncture among users. Methods We used population-based survey data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the most current nationally representative data including use of acupuncture. We described subgroups of acupuncture users and used logistic regression to estimate the odds of past year acupuncture use versus non-use and completion of a full treatment course versus a short course. Covariates included demographic factors and health status. Analyses used strata, weights and clustering to account for the complex sample design. Results Among acupuncture users, 38% completed a full course. Acupuncture use was low (1.5%), but odds were higher among women and those with greater education and less poverty. Those who used acupuncture insurance benefits and who had greater education were more likely to receive a full treatment course. Insurance benefits attenuated disparities in use by sex and race/ethnicity. Conclusion Nationally, most people who use acupuncture do not receive a full treatment course. Considering evidence of effectiveness, low risk and relatively low cost of delivery, acupuncture could play a larger role in non-pharmaceutical treatment of common conditions such as pain. Policymakers should consider that, without insurance benefits for acupuncture, people are less likely to complete a full treatment course, which may contribute to disparities in use and health outcomes.
Mining the Web of Life Sciences Linked Open Data for Mechanism-Based Pharmacovigilance

The vision of the Semantic Web has stimulated the development of Web-scale architectures for discovering implicit associations from multiple heterogeneous data and knowledge sources. In biomedicine, using W3C-established standards and Linked Data principles, data publishers have transformed and linked several datasets to create a huge web of Life Sciences Linked Open Data (LSLOD). However, mining the LSLOD cloud is still very difficult and often impossible for biomedical researchers due to several challenges: structural heterogeneity, lack of vocabulary reuse, inconsistencies, and incompleteness. To discover drug-adverse reaction associations and their mechanistic explanations, I have developed a novel architecture that combines information retrieval and association discovery. The architecture demonstrates favorable AUROC statistics against baseline methods in pharmacovigilance, and provides confidence values on underlying biological mechanisms. I quantify the several challenges associated with mining the LSLOD cloud for biomedical applications through an empirical analysis of more than 40 different sources. Ideally, the architecture can be extended in other domains to realize the goal of implicit association discovery.
Comparison of Steinberg modules for a field and a subfield

Abstract Let E / F be an extension of fields. We investigate the Steinberg module of G L ( n , E ) restricted to G L ( n , F ) . We give examples for n = 2 and n = 3 where we compute the homology of a subgroup of G L ( n , F ) with coefficients in the Steinberg module of G L ( n , E ) .
Biocompatibility of a new PD solution for Japan, Reguneal™, measured as in vitro proliferation of fibroblasts.

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro biocompatibility of Reguneal™, a new bicarbonate containing peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) for Japan, and compare it with other PDFs available in that country. We assessed basal cytotoxicity using in vitro proliferation of cultured fibroblasts, L-929, determining the quantity of living cells by the uptake of Neutral Red. Levels of ten glucose degradation products (GDPs) were measured by a validated ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method in combination with an ultraviolet detector. We compared inhibition of fibroblast cell growth between brands of PDF, adjusting for dextrose and GDP concentrations using random-effects mixed models. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of Reguneal™ is comparable to a sterile-filtered control and is less cytotoxic than most of the other PDFs, most of which significantly inhibited cell growth. As a “class effect”, increasing dextrose and GDP concentrations were non-significantly but positively associated with cytotoxicity. As a “brand effect”, these relationships varied widely between brands, and some PDFs had significant residual effects on basal cytotoxicity through mechanisms that were unassociated with either dextrose or GDP concentration. Our study suggests that Reguneal™ is a biocompatible PDF. The results of our study also highlight that dextrose and GDPs are important for biocompatibility, but alone are not a complete surrogate. The results of our study need to be confirmed in other tissue culture models, and should lead to further research on determinants of biocompatibility and the effect of such PDFs on clinical outcomes.
Infer the in vivo point of departure with ToxCast in vitro assay data using a robust learning approach

The development and application of high throughput in vitro assays is an important development for risk assessment in the twenty-first century. However, there are still significant challenges to incorporate in vitro assays into routine toxicity testing practices. In this paper, a robust learning approach was developed to infer the in vivo point of departure (POD) with in vitro assay data from ToxCast and Tox21 projects. Assay data from ToxCast and Tox21 projects were utilized to derive the in vitro PODs for several hundred chemicals. These were combined with in vivo PODs from ToxRefDB regarding the rat and mouse liver to build a high-dimensional robust regression model. This approach separates the chemicals into a majority, well-predicted set; and a minority, outlier set. Salient relationships can then be learned from the data. For both mouse and rat liver PODs, over 93% of chemicals have inferred values from in vitro PODs that are within ± 1 of the in vivo PODs on the log10 scale (the target learning region, or TLR) and R2 of 0.80 (rats) and 0.78 (mice) for these chemicals. This is comparable with extrapolation between related species (mouse and rat), which has 93% chemicals within the TLR and the R2 being 0.78. Chemicals in the outlier set tend to also have more biologically variable characteristics. With the continued accumulation of high throughput data for a wide range of chemicals, predictive modeling can provide a valuable complement for adverse outcome pathway based approach in risk assessment.
Status of Biomass Power Generation in California, July 31, 2003

This report describes the development of the biomass power industry in California over the past quarter century, and examines its future outlook. The development of a state biomass policy, which has been under discussion in California for the better part of the past decade, has never gotten off the ground, but a number of smaller initiatives have helped to keep the biomass power industry afloat and have promoted the use of some targeted types of residues. In this report we analyze the prospects for policy development and the application of new biomass technologies in California.
Blood serum mineral element concentrations of weaned Montana ram lambs and their relationship with water quality characteristics

ABSTRACT Clinical and subclinical trace mineral deficiencies can limit productivity in western sheep production systems. The objective of this research was to determine the proportion of ranches that supplemented with trace minerals and to quantify serum trace mineral concentrations in ram lambs after weaning across Montana with particular emphasis on Se and Zn. Serum samples (n = 214) were collected from ram lambs 8 to 10 mo of age (52.8 ± 16 kg) at 21 ranches throughout Montana and analyzed for Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn. Ranches were classified as deficient, marginally deficient, adequate, or excessive by flock mean serum trace mineral concentrations. Additionally, water samples were analyzed for pertinent characteristics. The median and interquartile range of serum concentrations for each trace mineral across ranches were as follows: Co (0.41 ng/mL; 0.90 ng/mL), Cu (0.79 μg/mL; 0.24 μg/mL), Fe (153 μg/dL; 52 μg/dL), Mn (1.70 ng/mL; 0.80 ng/mL), Mo (15.3 ng/mL; 19.3 ng/mL), Se (115 ng/mL; 97.5 ng/mL), and Zn (0.70 μg/mL, 0.19 μg/mL). Of ranches surveyed, 67% provided a trace mineral supplement. Ranches that provided supplementary trace mineral had greater serum Se concentrations (P
Historical Inquiry to Challenge the Narrative of Racial Progress

This article explores how a curricular intervention that merges antiessentialist historical content and historical inquiry plays a role in how students complicate the narrative of racial progress. ...
A new inventory tracking method for Mark-V electrorefiner

Abstract This paper discusses the current practice of assessing the Mark-V electrorefiner inventory and a proposed new way of tracking this inventory. The current practice involves the estimation/calculation of the salt phase mass in the transferred material mass and the calculation of the holdup. The proposed method involves the mass measurement of the transferred materials and the total inventory volume measurement along with the consideration of metallic uranium phase in the inventory. Without estimating the involved salt inventory in the incoming and outgoing material streams, the proposed method yields the salt inventory agreeing with the current mass tracking practice. The estimated holdup in the current mass tracking practice is entirely explained with the introduced metallic uranium phase in the proposed model. The current practice of closing out the special nuclear material inventory is revisited with the insight gained from the proposed model. Suggestions are given to achieve the bounded uncertainty of the inventory estimates with the emerging in situ measurement technique on the molten salt density.
The posterior approach to robotic-assisted right upper lobectomy.

In this report, Dr. Cheng and colleagues from Shanghai Chest Hospital demonstrate a very elegant robotic-assisted right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection in a patient who presented with lung cancer and clinically positive N2 disease, but refused staging or neoadjuvant therapy. The authors are very experienced surgeons with a high volume of robotic-assisted thoracic cases at one of the busiest thoracic hospitals in the world. Their technique utilizes the third-generation robotic platform (da Vinci S, Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California, USA) and they opt to use a three-arm technique with a utility incision for the bedside assistant in the anterior 4 th intercostal space. The authors use a wound protector for this incision and do not insufflate CO 2 . According to the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) consensus on robotic-assisted lobectomy nomenclature, this is an example of an RAL-3 technique (1).
Right ventricular dysfunction is superior and sufficient for risk stratification by a pulmonary embolism response team.

Several risk stratification tools are available to predict short-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality and may be a more efficient way to stratify risk for patients assessed by a Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT). We evaluated 571 patients presenting with acute PE, then stratified them by the pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI), by the BOVA score, or categorically as low risk (no RV dysfunction by imaging), intermediate risk/submassive (RV dysfunction by imaging), or high risk/massive PE (RV dysfunction with sustained hypotension). Using imaging data to firstly define the presence of RV strain, and plasma cardiac biomarkers as additional evidence for myocardial dysfunction, we evaluated whether PESI, BOVA, or RV strain by imaging were more appropriate for determining patient risk by a PERT where rapid decision making is important. Cardiac biomarkers poorly distinguished between PESI classes and BOVA stages in patients with acute PE. Cardiac TnT and NT-proBNP easily distinguished low risk from submassive PE with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.73–0.95, p < 0.0001), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.97, p < 0.0001), respectively. Cardiac TnT and NT-proBNP easily distinguished low risk from massive PE with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.78–1.00, p < 0.0001), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.95, p < 0.0001), respectively. In patients with RV dysfunction, the predicted short-term mortality by PESI score or BOVA stage was lower than the observed mortality by a two-fold order of magnitude. The presence of RV dysfunction alone in the context of acute PE is sufficient for the purposes of risk stratification. More complicated risk stratification tools which require the consideration of multiple clinical variables may under-estimate short-term mortality risk.
Wideband Hybrid Envelope Tracking Modulator With Hysteretic-Controlled Three-Level Switching Converter and Slew-Rate Enhanced Linear Amplifier

A wideband hybrid Envelope tracking (ET) modulator utilizing a hysteretic-controlled three-level switching converter (3L-SWC) and a slew-rate enhanced linear amplifier (LA) are presented. In addition to smaller ripple and lower losses of 3L-SWCs, employing the proposed hysteresis control loop results in a higher speed loop and wider bandwidth converter, enabling over 80 MHz of switching frequency. A concurrent sensor circuit monitors and regulates the flying capacitor voltage $V_{\mathrm{ CF}}$ and eliminates the conventionally required calibration loop to control it. The hysteretic-controlled 3L-SWC provides a high percentage of power amplifier (PA) supply load current with lower ripple, reducing the LA high-frequency current and ripple cancellation current, improving the overall system efficiency. A slew-rate enhancement (SRE) circuit is employed in the LA, resulting in slew rate of over 307 V/ $\mu \text{s}$ and bandwidth of over 275 MHz for the LA. The SRE circuit provides a parallel auxiliary current path directly to the gate of the class-AB output stage transistors, speeding-up the charging or discharging of output without modifying the operating point of the remaining LA, while maintaining the quiescent current of the class-AB stage. The supply modulator is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. The measurement results show the tracking of long-term evolution (LTE)-40-MHz envelope with 93% peak efficiency at 1-W output power, while the SRE is disabled. Enabling the SRE, it can track LTE-80-MHz envelope with peak efficiency of 91%.
Morphological and gonadal assessments from historical collections of Bluenose Shiners Pteronotropis welaka

Management and conservation have begun to rely on supplemental information to make appropriate decisions. In organisms with little available information, preserved specimens may be particularly important for researchers to continue their role in the management process. Bluenose Shiners are a minnow species that can benefit from such analyses as they are of conservation concern across their native range in the Southeastern United States. To supplement conservation, the objectives were to: (a) quantify sexual dimorphism through a comprehensive morphological analysis, (b) approximate peak spawning condition of males and females through GSI measurements over the anticipated spawning season, and (c) utilize female gonad histology to refine conclusions regarding spawning condition from GSI. Historical collections of Bluenose Shiners obtained from the Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute were used to conduct morphological and gonadal analyses. While males expressed all morphometrics to a greater degree, male dorsal and anal fin length appears to be the most distinguished characteristic beginning at a total length of approximately 45 mm. GSI displayed peaks in the samples from April 21, 1957 and June 1, 1968; female GSI from Black Creek, MS in April, May, and June of 1986 suggested a peak in late May. Gonad histology showed a progression towards final oocyte maturation through May to early June, via relative prevalence of stage IV and absence of stage I oocytes. This information can be used to supplement future morphometric analyses and reproductive studies performed on Bluenose Shiners or other fish species.
Posterior interhemispheric approach for a large falcotentorial meningioma

Abstract The posterior interhemispheric approach can be useful in accessing a wide range of lesions in the falcotentorial region. We demonstrate the case of a 59-year-old woman with a long history of headache who was found to have a large falcotentorial meningioma on imaging workup. The deep venous structures of the Galenic complex were displaced inferiorly by the tumor, thus indicating a supratentorial approach. Risks and alternatives to the approach demonstrated in this video were discussed with the patient, and she wished to proceed. The patient was positioned in a three-quarters prone (“park bench”) position in order to allow gravity retraction of the right hemisphere, which facilitated tumor visualization. The tumor was removed completely, and the patient tolerated the procedure well without complication. Patient consent was obtained for the use of the operative video. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Projected Reductions in Absolute Cancer-Related Deaths from Diagnosing Cancers Before Metastasis, 2006-2015.

Background: New technologies are being developed for early detection of multiple types of cancer simultaneously. To quantify the potential benefit, we estimated reductions in absolute cancer–related deaths that could occur if cancers diagnosed after metastasis (stage IV) were instead diagnosed at earlier stages. Methods: We obtained stage-specific incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 17 cancer types for all persons diagnosed ages 50 to 79 years in 18 geographic regions between 2006 and 2015. For a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 persons, we estimated cancer-related deaths under assumptions that cancers diagnosed at stage IV were diagnosed at earlier stages. Results: Stage IV cancers represented 18% of all estimated diagnoses but 48% of all estimated cancer-related deaths within 5 years. Assuming all stage IV cancers were diagnosed at stage III, 51 fewer cancer-related deaths would be expected per 100,000, a reduction of 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Assuming one third of metastatic cancers were diagnosed at stage III, one third diagnosed at stage II, and one third diagnosed at stage I, 81 fewer cancer-related deaths would be expected per 100,000, a reduction of 24% of all cancer-related deaths, corresponding to a reduction in all-cause mortality comparable in magnitude to eliminating deaths due to cerebrovascular disease. Conclusions: Detection of multiple cancer types earlier than stage IV could reduce at least 15% of cancer-related deaths within 5 years, affecting not only cancer-specific but all-cause mortality. Impact: Detecting cancer before stage IV, including modest shifts to stage III, could offer substantial population benefit.
Chapter 21 – Axiomatization

Publisher Summary The mathematical analysis of the form of measurement axioms requires some specific methods. The mathematical concepts are drawn from mathematical logic and are relatively special compared with the mathematical ideas. Axiomatization is an activity that is sometimes found in mathematics and science, but not always. Its origins are ancient, and it is used in contemporary mathematics and to a lesser degree in physics. Many scientific theories have not been developed axiomatically. This chapter provides various positive and negative theorems on the axiomatizability of certain theories of measurement. Finite axiomatizability, that is, axiomatization with a finite set of axioms has been considered. The chapter focuses on the Archimedean axiom and proves the result, due to Abraham Robinson, that, this axiom in any of its familiar forms is strictly more powerful than any finite or infinite collection of elementary axioms. The chapter discusses the relation between particular kinds of axioms, especially solvability and Archimedean axioms, and their testability in finite or infinite data structures, relations between constructability and testability, and the contrast between diagnostic and global tests.
Impact of Treatment Coordination on Overall Survival in Rectal Cancer.

Abstract Background Rectal cancer treatment is often multimodal, comprising of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, the impact of coordination between these modalities is currently unknown. We aimed to assess whether delivery of nonsurgical therapy within same facility as surgery impacts survival in patients with rectal cancer. Methods A patient cohort with rectal cancer stages II to IV who received multimodal treatment between 2004 and 2016 from National Cancer Database was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into three groups: (A) surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy at same facility (surgery + 2); (B) surgery + chemotherapy or radiotherapy at same facility (surgery + 1); or (C) only surgery at reporting facility (chemotherapy + radiotherapy elsewhere; surgery + 0). The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS), analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results A total of 44,716 patients (16,985 [37.98%] surgery + 2, 12,317 [27.54%] surgery + 1, and 15,414 [34.47%] surgery + 0) were included. In univariate analysis, we observed that surgery+2 patients had significantly greater 5-year OS compared to surgery + 1 or surgery + 0 patients (5-year OS: 63.46% vs 62.50% vs 61.41%, respectively; P= .002). We observed similar results in multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis, with surgery + 0 group demonstrating increased hazard of mortality when compared to surgery + 2 group (HR: 1.09; P Conclusion Greater degree of care coordination within the same facility is associated with greater OS in patients with stage II to III rectal cancer. This finding illustrates the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in multimodal rectal cancer therapy.
The Premise and Promise of Activation Parenting for Fathers: A Review and Integration of Extant Literature

Although research on fathers tends to focus on mother-derived conceptualizations of caregiving, such as sensitivity, it has been theorized that fathers play a unique role in opening their children to the world by encouraging exploration and risk-taking. However, extant research on these forms of paternal caregiving is scattered across multiple related but distinct domains, namely rough-and-tumble play, challenging parenting behavior, and the activation relationship. Based on the overlap in theory and operationalizations of these domains, the present review aimed to define and operationalize a new caregiving construct: activation parenting (AP). Fathers who exhibit frequent and high-quality AP behaviors encourage children to take risks, challenge children physically and socioemotionally, and set appropriate limits during stimulating interactions to ensure safety and prevent over-arousal. Using Belsky’s (1984) process of parenting model as a foundation, associations between paternal AP and characteristics of the father, his environment, and his child are reviewed, with a focus on early childhood (i.e., ages 0–5 years). The present review found some support for paternal AP occurring more frequently, but not necessarily with higher quality, when fathers had children older than one years old. Unexpectedly, the frequency and quality of paternal AP did not differ much by paternal age or indicators of socioeconomic status, or by child age or gender. In line with underlying theories, higher quality paternal AP in early childhood has been found to be associated with children’s self-regulation skills and lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Limitations of the current paternal AP literature are discussed and future directions for research, policy, and clinical work are proposed.
A mixed community of skin microbiome representatives influences cutaneous processes more than individual members.

Skin, the largest organ of the human body by weight, hosts a diversity of microorganisms that can influence health. The microbial residents of the skin are now appreciated for their roles in host immune interactions, wound healing, colonization resistance, and various skin disorders. Still, much remains to be discovered in terms of the host pathways influenced by skin microorganisms, as well as the higher-level skin properties impacted through these microbe-host interactions. Towards this direction, recent efforts using mouse models point to pronounced changes in the transcriptional profiles of the skin in response to the presence of a microbial community. However, there is a need to quantify the roles of microorganisms at both the individual and community-level in healthy human skin. In this study, we utilize human skin equivalents to study the effects of individual taxa and a microbial community in a precisely controlled context. Through transcriptomics analysis, we identify key genes and pathways influenced by skin microbes, and we also characterize higher-level impacts on skin processes and properties through histological analyses. The presence of a microbiome on a 3D skin tissue model led to significantly altered patterns of gene expression, influencing genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (among others). Moreover, microbiome treatment influenced the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the number of actively proliferating cells, and increased filaggrin expression. Many of these findings were evident upon treatment with the mixed community, but either not detected or less pronounced in treatments by single microorganisms, underscoring the impact that a diverse skin microbiome has on the host. This work contributes to the understanding of how microbiome constituents individually and collectively influence human skin processes and properties. The results show that, while it is important to understand the effect of individual microbes on the host, a full community of microbes has unique and pronounced effects on the skin. Thus, in its impacts on the host, the skin microbiome is more than the sum of its parts.
"When I Heard the Word Palliative": Obscuring and Clarifying Factors Affecting the Stigma Around Palliative Care Referral in Oncology.

PURPOSEPalliative care (PC) can help patients with cancer manage symptoms and achieve a greater quality of life. However, there are many barriers to patients with cancer receiving referrals to PC, ...
Investigating the effect of α-pinene on the ROMP of δ-pinene

Poly(δ-pinene), PδP, is a promising new material derived from naturally abundant α-pinene. One of the persistent by-products in the synthesis of δ-pinene is α-pinene which required intensive and non-sustainable isocyanate chemistry to fully remove. This work presents an in-depth study on the effects that varying quantities of α-pinene has on the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of δ-pinene using Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst (G3). It is determined that G3 is tolerant of low quantities of α-pinene (∼40 equivalents) in the reaction mixture and results in high conversions of δ-pinene and well controlled ROMP. Increasingly higher quantities of α-pinene have an inhibitory effect on conversion and loss of control. 1H NMR experiments revealed complex signals within the Ru-alkylidene and, surprisingly, the ruthenacyclobutane regions of the spectrum as a result of δ-pinene oligomerization. However, no identifiable signals were produced or lost upon interaction with α-pinene suggesting it does not inhibit ROMP through a productive metathesis event.
America's Misunderstood Constitutional Rights

In contemporary rights jurisprudence and theory, the Fourteenth Amendment and the Federal Bill of Rights are most frequently conceptualized as bulwarks against majoritarian abuses. From Brown v. Board of Education to Obergefell v. Hodges and even District of Columbia v. Heller, federal rights are primarily understood as enforceable legal constraints on popular majorities (especially intra-state majorities). Viewed through this lens, state constitutional rights are often dismissed as fundamentally dysfunctional because they are too easily amended through majoritarian political processes to constrain popular majorities. After all, what good is a state constitutional right to marriage equality, for example, if it can be quickly eliminated by a majority vote? This Article provides the first dedicated assessment of this perspective on state constitutional rights by drawing on a largely neglected set of sources: the debates of all known state constitutional conventions where state bills of rights were forged and reformed (105 conventions from 1818 to 1984). These sources suggest that prevailing critiques of state constitutional rights are misguided and limit our understanding of American public law. Although the Federal Bill of Rights may function as an important constraint on popular majorities, state bills of rights serve a different purpose. They were created primarily as a device for democratic majorities to control wayward government officials and representatives. State bills of rights were not designed to operate as higher law beyond the reach of legitimate democratic majorities. To the contrary, they were built to function as higher law beyond the reach of government, but always within the immediate reach of the people. Excavating this perspective on state bills of rights not only places them in their proper historical and theoretical context, but it also disentangles them from their federal counterparts and enables more sophisticated inquiries into how constitutional rights function within our federal system. These findings also have timely implications for federal and state rights jurisprudence. With the Supreme Court now likely to reevaluate the breadth of certain federal protections – perhaps in favor of giving state courts more space to develop state constitutional rights – it is important that we have clarity regarding the deep structure of state constitutional rights. My findings show that despite well-intentioned exhortations from prominent judges and scholars, state constitutional rights are not built to provide an alternative corpus of meaningful counter-majoritarian protections – at least not in the same way as federal constitutional rights.
Unsupervised Text Mining of COVID-19 Records.

Since the beginning of coronavirus, the disease has spread worldwide and drastically changed many aspects of the human's lifestyle. Twitter as a powerful tool can help researchers measure public health in response to COVID-19. According to the high volume of data production on social networks, automated text mining approaches can help search, read and summarize helpful information. This paper preprocessed the existing medical dataset regarding COVID-19 named CORD-19 and annotated the dataset for supervised classification tasks. At this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we made a preprocessed dataset for the research community. This may contribute towards finding new solutions for some social interventions that COVID-19 has made. The preprocessed version of the mentioned dataset is publicly available through Github.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency After COVID-19 Infection.

Background/Objective: The multisystemic effects of COVID-19 are clearly becoming evident. In the adrenal gland, adrenal hemorrhage and infarction after COVID-19 infection have been reported. Our objective is to present a case of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency diagnosed post-COVID-19 infection, without evidence of hemorrhage or infarction. Case Report: 64-year-old woman with hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes presented with a 1-week history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She experienced an asymptomatic COVID-19 infection five months prior and reported an unintentional 30-pound weight loss. Home medications were enalapril, atorvastatin and levothyroxine. Physical exam was notable for hypotension, epigastric tenderness, and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation. Labs revealed serum sodium 117 mmol/L (135-145), TSH 0.33 µIU/mL (0.35-4.00), free T4 1.4 ng/dL (0.6-1.7), serum osmoles 253 mOsm/kg (279-300), urine osmoles 324 mOsm/kg (300-900) and urine sodium 104 mmol/L. Morning cortisol was 2.6 µg/dL (ref: >18). A high-dose 250 mcg ACTH stimulation test followed; cortisol levels returned 2.3, 2.9, and 2.6 µg/dl (ref: >18) at baseline, 30, and 60 minutes. ACTH level was 1944 pg/ml (7.2-63.3), aldosterone was <3.0 ng/dl (4.0-31.0), anti-21-hydroxylase antibody was positive (ref: neg). CT scan of the adrenals was unremarkable. Hypotension and hyponatremia resolved after initiation of intravenous hydrocortisone, and she was discharged on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Discussion: The patient's symptoms, elevated ACTH, low cortisol, and presence of 21-hydroxylase antibodies, are consistent with Addison's disease. COVID-19 may have contributed to rapid clinically-relevant disease progression after infection. Conclusion: The development of autoimmune Addison's disease in the patient may be related to a prior COVID-19 infection.
Hopes and Expectations

This chapter serves as a preface to Elizabeth and Lawrence’s narrative of their experiences at Chesed. It describes portions of two conversations, occurring during the third and fourth videotaping sessions among Elizabeth, Lawrence, and myself. Topics of discussion include but are not limited to Elizabeth’s educational background, the resistance of parents to acknowledge their children’s learning challenges, the stigma associated with having a child with learning issues in a private mainstream school, personal transformation, their perceptions of Simon before and after he became a student at Chesed, and the social emotional toll Simon’s learning difficulties have had on them all. The reason I chose these portions of these conversations to be presented together in this chapter is because, for the most part, they represent narratives of times prior to Simon’s enrollment at Chesed and also because together I find them useful for discussing Lawrence and Elizabeth’s hopes and expectations for themselves and Simon prior to the years of tumult and trauma they would experience as a result of his (and their) alienation and rejection at Chesed.
Projection data registration for gated cardiac SPECT reconstruction

In a gated SPECT study, it is sometimes necessary to reconstruct an image for each time-frame. Because of cardiac beating and respiratory motion, the images from different timeframes are different. Each time-frame is very short. Due to the fact that the gamma photons acquired during each time-frame are limited, the reconstructed "low-count" images for each timeframe are very noisy. If we sum the projection data from all projections, the associated "high-count" reconstruction is less noisy, but we can only get one stationary image instead of a series of dynamic images. The objective of this paper is to wisely sum the projection data front the entire gated SPECT scan. Different summation strategy is used for different projection views and for different time-frames. As a result, a "high-count" projection data set is estimated for each time-frame and a series or "high count" dynamic images can be reconstructed.
Language and Conceptualization

Language and Conceptualization. Jan Nuyts and Eric Pederson. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.282 pp.
A software defined HF radio

Software defined radio (SDR) is a new approach for military radio systems. This new radio paradigm supports multiple channels with simultaneous waveforms, providing a new level of scalability and flexibility to the user, and allows for rapid technology insertion as it becomes available. This paper explores the insertion of legacy high frequency (HF) waveforms to one channel of a software defined radio with a focus on manpack radio (MPR) specific needs. The paper includes both software and hardware aspects of the complete radio system design. The paper will investigate hardware technology limits with respect to size, weight, power consumption, cost, and radio performance. The paper will look at the unique aspects of the HF communications that directly affect the software defined radio architecture.
Sustainability in businesses, corporate social responsibility, and accounting standards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of sustainable development in businesses with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and accounting, in 53 developed and emerging economies over the period 1997‐2008.Design/methodology/approach – The authors test the relationship of sustainable development in businesses with CSR and accounting using ordinary least squares estimation technique for country‐level panel data.Findings – The results of the analyses provide evidence that sustainable development is strongly related to CSR and accounting standards, even after controlling for a variety of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, foreign direct investment, and unemployment. Moreover, the authors find that sustainable development is strongly and positively associated with customer satisfaction and the availability of senior managers.Practical implications – Conclusions that have been drawn are important for a large group of stakeholders such as investors, companies' managers, employe...
Studies of rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes. II. A comparison of their behavior with blood mononuclear cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and response to TCGF.

Synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared for their response to lectin stimulation and for their behavior in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). The SFL proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation at 72 hr, was lower than that of PBL (P < 0.001). When T-cell growth factor (TCGF) was added to the medium, there was an increase in the SFL proliferative response to PHA (P < 0.05). In contrast, TCGF did not alter significantly the PBL proliferative response to PHA. Mixing experiments were performed to determine whether the poor SFL proliferative response was due to passive absorption and removal of in situ-generated TCGF by “suppressor” cells. When cultured together, SFL did not suppress the PBL proliferative response to PHA, suggesting that decreased production of TCGF rather than competitive binding of TCGF results in the poor SFL proliferative response to lectin stimulation. In the AMLR, synovial fluid non-T cells were found to be more stimulatory to peripheral blood T cells than were peripheral blood non-T cells (P < 0.001). In comparison to peripheral blood T cells, synovial fluid T cells were poor responders in the AMLR. Repetitive in vitro autologous stimulation of peripheral blood T cells resulted in proliferative responsiveness analogous to that of SFL, i.e., a relatively poor proliferative response in the AMLR and a poor response to PHA. The latter could be augmented by TCGF. The SFL requirement for exogenous TCGF is consistent with a state of immune activation. In vivo stimulation by non-T cells may play an important role in the immune activation which characterizes rheumatoid SFL.