cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor--mediated stat3 signaling blocks apoptosis in head and neck cancer.

Objectives Upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical for the loss of growth control in a variety of human cancers including squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (SCCHN). In these tumor cells in culture, EGFR stimulation initiates signaling via persistent activation of STAT proteins, particularly Stat3. The present study was conducted to study the association between EGFR stimulation and constitutive activation of Stat3 in SCCHN in vivo and to investigate the proliferative and apoptotic consequences of Stat3 downmodulation in SCCHN cells in vitro. Methods SCCHN tumor xenografts were analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A dominant-negative mutant Stat3 expression construct or a Stat3 antisense plasmid was transfected into SCCHN cells using lipofectamine. Cell growth and apoptosis were determined by vital dye exclusion and flow cytometry, respectively. Results In vivo liposome-mediated gene therapy with an EGFR antisense plasmid efficiently inhibited Stat3 activation in a head and neck xenograft model. Downmodulation of Stat3 using a dominant-negative or antisense approach inhibited tumor cell growth and stimulated apoptosis. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that constitutively activated Stat3 is linked to EGFR signaling in SCCHN in vivo, which contributes to the loss of growth control by an anti-apoptotic mechanism.
Hormones in milk.

Abstract Hormones are present in milk of man and other mammals. Their concentration is influenced by various factors. Studies in rodents show that some hormones with large molecules retain physiological activity when administered perorally to suckling mammals.
The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. By R. B. Bernstein. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. x, 238. $17.95.)

In this slim and engaging volume, the author challenges a basic assumption that many Americans embrace when they celebrate their nation's origins: The Founding Fathers were all‐knowing civil prophe...
Fast summation boundary element method for calculating solvation free energies of macromolecules

We present a boundary element method (BEM) for calculating the reaction field energy of a macromolecule embedded in a high-dielectric medium such as water. In a BEM calculation, the key computational task is the calculation of the induced surface charge distribution at the dielectric boundary. This is obtained by solving a system of linear equations whose dimension can run into the tens of thousands for a macromolecule. In this work, we use a fast summation hierarchical multipole method to solve for the induced surface charge densities. By careful analysis of the levels of approximation required for the various terms in the calculation, we avoid the unnecessary computation of terms that contribute negligibly to the final outcome and, consequently, achieve high computational efficiency. For a protein such as BPTI with 890 atoms, the calculation of the induced surface charge density distribution and the reaction field energy was completed in 7.9 s on an SGI workstation with an R10000 CPU. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1494–1504, 1998
‘Cine en Construcctón’/‘Films in Progress’: How Spanish and Latin American filmmakers negotiate the construction of a globalized art-house aesthetic

ABSTRACT‘Cine en construccion’/‘Films in Progress’ is a film funding initiative at the San Sebastian Film Festival (or Donostia Zinemaldia in Basque), as well as the Toulouse Latin American Film Festival (Rencontres Cinemas d'Amerique Latine de Toulouse) that specifically assists Latin American film-makers towards completion of their films. Jointly organized by these two European film festivals, it was founded in 2002 and is the first time that two European film festivals have united to support Latin American film-makers in need of post-production finishing funds. This article examines the kinds of films that are selected by the jury which they envision to be viable enough to be successful in the global marketplace. The transnational nature of this collaborative film process will be examined in terms of its merits, but also in terms of its unintended consequences that I call the ‘globalized art-house film aesthetic’.
Lipid emulsion solution: A novel cause of hemolysis in serum and plasma blood samples.

Abstract Objectives After several hemolyzed blood samples were received in the laboratory, we investigated lipid emulsion/TPN as a novel cause of hemolysis. Design and methods Whole blood was spiked with lipid emulsion and TPN. Results Hemolysis was proportional to the amount of lipid emulsion present in whole blood, with less hemolysis occurring in blood gas syringes compared to vacutainer tubes. Conclusion Collection of specimens in blood gas syringes may prevent hemolysis in patients on lipid emulsion.
On the Need for Relative Measures When Assessing Comparative Advertising Effects

Abstract Although comparative advertising is often intended to affect how the advertised brand is perceived in relation to the comparison brand, research in this area has typically tested for effects using nonrelative measures that require judgments about the advertised brand alone. As a result, such tests are rather uninformative about comparative advertising's ability to influence perceived differentiation. We propose in this article that nonrelative measures are unlikely to yield as sensitive an assessment of comparative advertising effects as are relative measures. The results from three studies involving both known and unknown advertised brands support the superior sensitivity of relative measures. Implications for copy testing methods are drawn.
Spatial-awareness spectral embedding (SASE) for robust shape matching

Shape matching in the spectral domain has gained great popularity in recent years. Most algorithms, however, rely on invariant global spectral embeddings of the shapes to find correspondence, where spatial neighborhood information is not explicitly incorporated into the matching procedure. Misalignments of global as well as local structures are often resulted due to the lack of spatial guidance. In this paper, we identify a number of ambiguities existing in spectral embedding and matching, and subsequently propose a general framework to improve the matching coherence. At the center of the framework is a hybrid spatial-awareness spectral embedding (SASE), which allows various neighborhood and topological information, such as pair-wise distance, relative angles w.r.t. object centers, to be integrated into commute-time (CT) embeddings. A probabilistic expectation maximization (EM) algorithm with imposed regularity is employed to seek an optimal matching of the SASE embeddings. Experimental evaluations of the algorithm on 2D and 3D data demonstrate both the effectiveness and robustness of our approach.
The Electrostatic Lunar Dust Analyzer (ELDA) for the detection and trajectory measurement of slow-moving dust particles from the lunar surface

Abstract Micron and submicron-sized dust particles can be lifted from the lunar surface due to continual micrometeoroid bombardment and electrostatic charging. The characteristics of these dust populations are of scientific interest and engineering importance for the design of future equipment to operate on the lunar surface. The mobilized grains are expected to have a low velocity, which makes their detection difficult by traditional methods that are based on momentum transfer or impact energy. We describe a newly developed instrument concept, the Electrostatic Lunar Dust Analyzer (ELDA), which utilizes the charge on the dust for detection and analysis. ELDA consists of an array of wire electrodes combined with an electrostatic deflection field region, and measures the mass, charge, and velocity vector of individual dust grains. The first basic prototype of the ELDA instrument has been constructed, tested and characterized in the laboratory. The instrument is set up to measure over a velocity range 1–100 m/s and is sensitive to particles from an approximate mass range from 2×10−16 to 10−11 kg, depending on the charge state and velocity.
Effects of exogenous somatotropin on whole-body glycemic response to insulin in young preruminant and ruminant lambs

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) treatment on whole-body glycemic responsiveness and sensitivity to exogenous insulin in preruminant and ruminant lambs. Twelve milk-fed (MF) and 12 ruminating (RUM) wether lambs weighing 20 +/- 0.6 kg were assigned to one of four treatment groups: MF control, MF plus bST, RUM control, and RUM plus bST. Lambs received a daily subcutaneous injection of 160 micrograms of sometribove (recombinant methionyl bST) bST/kg live weight or the equivalent volume of sterile water (control) for 10 d. The MF lambs had higher plasma insulin and nonessential fatty acids and lower acetate concentrations than RUM lambs (all P < 0.05). Plasma insulin-like growth factor concentrations were similar in both. The administration of bST raised plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.05) in MF and RUM lambs, but with greater effect in MF lambs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.1, respectively). Six successive dose-incremented insulin challenges (50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700 mU/kg body weight) were performed two per day on Days 8, 9, and 10 of treatment. Dose-response curves for absolute decline in glucose concentration from preinjection baseline to nadir were used to characterize whole-body responsiveness and sensitivity (ED50) to insulin. Somatotropin treatment increased insulin ED50 values 64 and 70% (P < 0.07) in RUM and MF lambs, respectively, suggesting that sensitivity to insulin was reduced. Insulin ED50 values were 40% higher in MF than in RUM lambs (P < 0.05). Insulin clearance rates increased with each dose increment to 300 mU/kg body weight (P = 0.001) and were 50% lower in bST-treated MF lambs than in all other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Results suggest that somatotropin modulates the insulin control of glucose homeostasis similarly in preruminant and ruminant lambs by decreasing sensitivity but not maximum responsiveness.
Changes in zoeae of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, with variation in incubation temperature

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of embryonic incubation temperature on the morphology, energetic content, and individual weights of C. opilio zoeae. Ovigerous female C. opilio were collected by trawl from the eastern Bering Sea in the summer of 2002 and were held in the laboratory at five temperature treatments (− 1, 0, 1, 3, and 6 °C) from embryo stage five to hatching. The mean duration of incubation ranged from 240 d at 6 °C to 353 d at − 1 °C. No relationship between larval weight and caloric content with incubation temperature was detected, indicating that increased development time at cooler temperatures may not have an energetic cost. However, several morphological features varied with temperature. Most larval characters including rostro-dorsal length, rostral spine length, lateral spine length, and carapace width were smaller at the warmest incubation temperature. Protopodite length did not differ with temperature. The length of the 3rd abdominal somite consistently increased with increased temperature and may serve as a suitable indicator that could be used in field populations to infer temperature of incubation. Variation in morphology with temperature could confound identification of C. opilio zoeae from those of a congener, Chionoecetes bairdi because identification of C. bairdi is based on the length of the 3rd abdominal somite.
The specificity of molecular processes involved in neural transmission.

Assuming constant field conditions, the membrane process allowing ionic flow is defined by the coefficients of a Goldman-like equation. If n ions are involved, it is demonstrated that two conditions utilize the same process when: (a) the equilibrium potential for each condition is the same; and, (b) after each of n−2 changes in different ion species concentration, each new pair of equilibrium potentials are also the same. Some implications for identifying neural transmitters are discussed.
The independence of myogenesis and chondrogenesis in micromass cultures of chick wing buds

Micromass cultures prepared from stage 23, 24, or 25 chick wing buds and cultured under identical conditions produce similar numbers of myoblasts. After treatment with the DNA synthesis inhibitor cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside, [3H]thymidine labeling and autoradiography of the cultures show that the increase in myoblast number during the first 48 hr of culture is due primarily to cell division. Micromass cultures prepared from proximal and distal portions of stage 23 or 24 wing buds have very different chondrogenic potentials in vitro (B.J. Swalla, E.M. Owens, T.F. Linsenmayer, and M. Solursh (1983). Dev. Biol. 97, 59-69) but a similar myogenic potential under these culture conditions. Medium supplements that significantly enhance chondrogenesis by proximal cell cultures, such as low serum or 1 mM db cyclic AMP, do not affect the number of myoblasts per unit area of culture during the first 3 days. Muscle cells are eventually reduced in number in whole limb micromass cultures, yet persist as long as 6 days in proximal and distal cultures. These results suggest that myogenic cells are already committed in the early limbs but are inhibited from differentiation in situ until a later time. Myogenesis and chondrogenesis occur independently in culture, consistent with the idea that these two differentiated cells are derived from two separate cell populations. Furthermore, treatments which enhance chondrogenesis do not act indirectly by killing the myoblast population in these cultures.
Life cycle cost analysis of wind power considering stochastic uncertainties

Abstract This paper presents a long-term cost analysis of wind power and compares its competitiveness to non-renewable generating technologies. The analysis considers several important attributes related to wind intermittency that are sometimes ignored in traditional generation planning or LCOE (levelized cost of energy) studies, including the need for more nameplate capacity due to intermittency, hourly fluctuations in wind outputs and cost for reserves. The competitiveness of wind power is assessed by evaluating four scenarios: 1) adding natural gas generating capacity to the power grid; 2) adding coal generating capacity to the power grid; 3) adding wind capacity to the power grid; and, 4) adding wind capacity and energy storage to the power grid where an energy storage device is used to cover wind intermittency. A case study in the state of Michigan is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed methodology, in which a time horizon from 2010 to 2040 is considered. The results show that wind energy will still be more expensive than natural gas power plants in the next three decades, but will be cheaper than coal capacities if wind intermittency is mitigated. Furthermore, if the costs of carbon emissions and environmental externalities are considered, wind generation will be a competitive option for grid capacity expansion.
Effect of Nuclear Mass on the Bound-Electron g Factor

The effect of nuclear mass on the $g$ factor of the bound electron has been determined by measuring $G=\frac{{g}_{j}(\mathrm{H})}{{g}_{j}(\mathrm{D})}$ to a precision of 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ using a pulsed double-mode hydrogen maser. The result, $G=1+(7.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$, is in excellent agreement with the theory of Grotch and Hegstrom.
A millimetre-wave bandpass filter-lens array

A filter–lens array (FLA) is a planar array of bandpass integrated antenna–filter–antenna (AFA) elements which are stagger-tuned in the vicinity of a centre frequency, so as to provide the phase shift required for transforming spherical and planar wavefronts. Due to the filtering response of the AFA elements, FLA presents a bandpass gain and can act as a combination of a conventional lensarray and a filter. An FLA structure is demonstrated with f/D=1.25 and 8.2% bandwidth at 35 GHz. This FLA is composed of 137 AFA elements and fabricated on two three-inch glass wafers ($\epsilon_{r}=4.45$). A gain of 25.6 dBi and a total efficiency of 45% have been measured at 35 GHz. The Ka-band FLA shows a low-loss scanning performance for up to at least ±30° in the H-plane and ±20° in the E-plane.
Diffraction of a weak shock with vortex generation

The region of finite vorticity near the edge of a diffracting wedge is investigated. Dimensional analysis gives the dependence of the circulation and the velocity of the vortex region on the pulse strength. A close estimate of the magnitude of the magnitude of these quantities is obtained by replacing the vortex region by a single concentrated vortex. The theoretical conditions at the sharp edge are discussed and compared with observations of real fluid behaviour. A short account of the theory of the core of the spiral vortex sheet in a perfect fluid is appended.The research reported herein was supported by the United States Air Force, through the Office of Scientific Research of the Air Research and Development Command.
Solid phase synthesis of a d-peptide-phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide conjugate from two arms of a polyethylene glycol-polystyrene support

Abstract A new solid phase method for automated synthesis of peptide-oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates is described. The conjugates were synthesized on a high-loaded polyethyleneglycol-polystyrene (HLP) support by first linking a branched modifier to the support, then using Fmoc chemistry for peptide coupling, and phosphoramidite chemistry for deoxynucleotide coupling. The peptide is designed to act as an antagonist to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1-R).
Purification of trans-N-glycosidase of Thermobacter acidophilus: inhibition of enzyme by 6-azathymidine.

Abstract Trans-N-glycosidase from T. acidophilus was purified 52-fold. The enzyme catalyses the transfer of deoxyribose from thymidine to adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 6-mercaptopurine, 8-aza-adenine, and 8-azaguanine. Uric acid, 2:6-diaminopurine, and 8-azaxanthine were inactive as acceptors. Thymidylic acid did not serve as a deoxyribose donor in the exchange reaction with adenine. 6-Azathymidine competitively inhibited the transfer of deoxyribose from thymidine to adenine, but had no effect on the reverse reaction and did not itself function as a donor of deoxyribose; 6-azathymine had no effect on either reaction.
Dry Coating of Intraocular Lenses with Bovine Submaxillary Mucin

Uncoated intraocular lenses caused extensive corneal endothelial cell damage after in vitro contact (mean, 30.9% cell loss), whereas lenses coated with bovine submaxillary mucin type 1 caused minimal cell loss (mean 4.3%). No observable in vivo toxicity in the eye occurred when 0.1 ml of 3, 6, or 9% solution was injected into the anterior chamber. Mucin-coated lenses can be sterilized by ethylene oxide with no measurable adsorbence into the coating. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the results from vital staining.
The Effect of Video Game Play on Performance in a Vigilance Task

Traditional vigilance research typically employs static stimuli presented in discrete trials within a highly structured laboratory setting with few similarities to operational environments. The current study employs a dynamic video game-based environment in which the vigilance task has crucial elements of real world detection tasks, in this case the detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The novel platform for this vigilance task and its similarity to popular video games on the market motivated the current study to compare performance between video game players (VGPs), to non-video game players (NVGPs). The results indicate that, relative to NVGPs, VGPs achieved improved performance on the vigilance task, regardless of whether they received training using knowledge of results (KR).
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Craniofacial Deformity Using Computed Tomography

The computed tomographic studies obtained routinely in the examination of patients with congenital or acquired defects of the skull and facial bones can be utilized as a substrate to provide an accurate three-dimensional representation of osseous abnormalities. The total dose of x-irradiation is reduced as other means of radiological examination are eliminated. Osseous structures are faithfully reproduced. Complete inspection of the reproduced structure can be made from any viewpoint, including internal inspection.
Control of photoreceptor development

Recent studies of cell type determination in the vertebrate retina suggest that rod photoreceptor development involves interactions among cells that are mediated, at least in part, by temporally regulated diffusible signals. In this review the strategies used to generate rods in the vertebrate retina are compared with those described for photoreceptor development in the Drosophila retina.
Continuous infusion of enzyme replacement therapy is inferior to weekly infusions in MPS I dogs.

Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human α-l-iduronidase (rhIDU) is used weekly to treat mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I. We tested continuous administration of rhIDU at two dosing levels (0.58 mg/kg per week and 2 mg/kg per week) in MPS I dogs, and compared the efficacy of continuous infusion with the clinically used 0.58 mg/kg weekly three-hour infusion. Peak plasma concentrations of rhIDU were much higher in weekly-treated dogs (mean 256 units/ml) than steady-state concentrations in dogs treated with continuous infusion (mean 1.97 units/ml at 0.58 mg/kg per week; 8.44 units/ml at 2 mg/kg per week). Dogs receiving continuous IV rhIDU, even at a higher (2 mg/kg per week) dose, had consistently lower iduronidase levels in tissues than dogs receiving a weekly (0.58 mg/kg per week) dose. GAG storage was also less improved by continuous intravenous infusion. Adverse events were similar in all dosing groups. We found that continuous administration of 2 mg/kg per week rhIDU to MPS I dogs was insufficient to achieve GAG storage reduction comparable to 0.58 mg/kg weekly dosing.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

Study Objective. To determine epidemiologic factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in a nonoutbreak setting. Design. Retrospective analysis. Setting. University teaching hospital. Patients. Fifty-seven patients with cultures of presumed ESBL-producing (i.e., ceftazidime-resistant) E. coli or K. pneumoniae. Interventions. To determine overall frequency, institutional antibiograms from 1991–1999 were examined for percentage of isolates with ceftazidime resistance. Medical records from January 1997–June 2000 were reviewed for patient demographics, comorbidities, culture site, antimicrobial therapy, and clinical and microbiologic outcomes. Measurements and Main Results. From 1991–1999, frequency increased from undetectable to 4% for ceftazidime-resistant E. coli and from 2% to 6% for ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae. Seventy-one isolates were identified in the 57 patients with presumed ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumonia. Fifty-one isolates (72%) were E. coli, with urine the primary site of infection (62%). Eighty-six percent of patients had known risk factors for infection due to ESBL-producing organisms, including hospitalization (37 patients) and residence in long-term care facilities (12 patients). However, in 14% (8 patients), the infection was community acquired in patients who resided at home. Conclusion. In addition to known populations at risk, ambulatory patients with chronic conditions represent another patient population that may harbor ESBL-producing organisms.
Vlasov simulations of electron holes driven by particle distributions from PIC reconnection simulations with a guide field

[1] Parallel velocity particle distributions taken from 2-D PIC simulations of magnetic reconnection with a guide field, Bg are used to initialize 1-D and 2-D electrostatic Vlasov simulations which include the direction parallel to the (local) magnetic field, B. Electron holes develop near the separatrix from an electron-ion (e.g., Buneman) instability. Restriction of the destabilizing current to a narrow sheet perpendicular to B reduces the Buneman growth rate but leads to more stable holes. Near the x-point, B is almost parallel to B g . Here, electron-electron "kinetic" two-stream instabilities lead to holes moving parallel to B, which can modify the electron-ion interaction. This results in a second generation of (slower) electron phase space perturbations which can reduce the current.
Analgesic activity of a novel bivalent opioid peptide compared to morphine via different routes of administration.

A novel bivalent opioid tetrapeptide, biphalin (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH)2, was synthesized based on structure-activity relationships. The analgesic activity of biphalin was assessed in comparison to morphine in rats. Drugs were administered subcutaneously (s.c.), intravenously (i.v.) and intrathecally (i.t.). Tail flick and tail pinch were used as tests for analgesia. Biphalin s.c. showed negligible analgesic activity, but when given i.v. produced significant analgesia, although less potent than morphine via this route. In contrast, intrathecal biphalin was more potent than morphine. These results indicate that biphalin has intrinsic activity that is compromised by enzymatic degradation or redistribution in the periphery, properties that may render it useful in exploring analgesic actions of locally applied opioids in the periphery without the likelihood of unwanted central effects.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in the Pediatric Population: Case Series

We present 4 patients, 4 months to 10 years of age, with thoracic outlet syndrome. All were referred to the brachial plexus clinic. Three patients were diagnosed with vascular thoracic outlet syndrome after clinical evaluation and diagnostic imaging. Three had a cervical rib and 1 had an anomalous first rib. All patients were treated surgically through a supraclavicular approach and had resolution of the symptoms. No postoperative complications were noted.
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the tissue sterol fraction in Wolman's disease and related lipidoses

Abstract Sterol fractions from tissues of patients with Wolman's disease and other lipidoses were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography in an effort to determine whether any structurally abnormal analogues of cholesterol are produced in these disorders. Retention times relative to cholestane as an internal standard were first established for cholesterol and nine related sterols as trimethylsilyl ethers, both individually and in mixtures. The results of this study indicate that no meaningful quantities of any sterol other than cholesterol itself are present in the tissues examined. It is therefore concluded that although the inborn error in lipid metabolism associated with Wolman's disease might involve a malfunction in the biochemical mechanism regulating the rate of cholesterol production or disposal, it does not involve a metabolic block in the normal biosynthetic pathway to cholesterol.
The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objective Social anxiety disorder (SAD) impacts social, occupational and academic functioning. Although many interventions report change in social distress, improvement in social behavior remains under-addressed. This investigation examined the additive impact of social skills training (SST) for the treatment of SAD. Method Using a sample of 106 adults who endorsed SAD across numerous social settings, participants were randomized to exposure therapy (imaginal and in vivo) alone, a combination of SST and exposure therapy known as Social Effectiveness Therapy (SET), or a wait list control. The assessment strategy included self-report measures, blinded clinical ratings and blinded assessment of social behavior. Results Both interventions significantly reduced distress in comparison to the wait list control and at post-treatment, 67% of patients treated with SET and 54% of patients treated with exposure therapy alone no longer met diagnostic criteria for SAD, a difference that was not statistically significant. When compared to exposure therapy alone, SET produced superior outcomes ( p p s Conclusions Both interventions produced efficacious treatment outcome, although SET may provide additional benefit on measures of social distress and social behavior.
The Influence of Adult Attachment Styles on Workers' Preferences for Relational Leadership Behaviors

In the present study, researchers used contemporary attachment theory to explore the contributions of adult attachment styles on workers' preferences for relational leadership behaviors. A sample of 617 workers in a retail organization across ten stores throughout the East, South, and Midwest completed measures of relationship attachment style and preferences for leadership behaviors. As hypothesized, findings revealed that workers with preoccupied adult attachment styles expressed stronger preferences for relational leadership behaviors than workers with either dismissive adult attachment styles or fearful attachment styles. Implications of the findings to advance a deeper understanding of workers' leadership behavioral preferences are discussed.
Higher Serum Testosterone Concentration in Older Women is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease

Context: Early postmenopausal women with higher testosterone (T) levels have increased insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk factors, but whether this translates into increased cardiovascular disease later in life is unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether higher T levels are associated with IR, the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), and coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly women. Design: Total T and free T by equilibrium dialysis were measured using ultrasensitive assays in 344 women aged 65–98 yr enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to examine the associations between total and free T and IR, MetSyn, and CHD. Results: There was a stepwise increase in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance with increasing total (P = 0.0.003) and free T (P = 0.02) level and a corresponding decrease in Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). In adjusted models, higher levels o...
Spectral response of cotton to suddenly induced water stress

Abstract Spectral responses in eight wavebands (three visible, two near-IR, two mid-IR, and one thermal IR) were measured by repetitively traversing a radiometer over several rows of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). After an initial measurement, the stems of one row (which had previously been tied to wooden dowels) were cut at a point just above the soil. The subsequent dessication of plants within this row was followed by comparing its reflectance and emittance with a control row. All wavebands measured reacted rapidly to stress with the visible and thermal IR showing a larger change than the near-IR. Reflectance changes caused by canopy geometry changes were apparently greater than those caused by leaf physiological and anatomical changes in all but the visible red band. The increase in red reflectance was attributed to a rapid decrease in absorptance by leaf chloroplasts. As expected, the radiometrically determined plant temperatures increased with time after the stress was imposed.
The Orbital Period of SMC X-3 from Optical Photometry*

We have investigated the long-term optical light curve of SMC X-3 using the MACHO database. The optical counterpart is an O9e star that shows low-amplitude variability with a period of 44.86 days in both visible and red light. This compares favorably with the X-ray outburst recurrence period of 45.1 days recently found by Corbet et al. It is likely that this ~45 day cycle is the orbital period of the hot star and its 7.8 s pulsar companion.
Spin waves of a current-injected thin ferromagnetic stripe

Within a micromagnetic model we present the theory of linearized spin waves of a current-carrying rectangular ferromagnetic stripe treated as a slab of infinite extent. After determining the nonuniform scissorlike magnetic ground state that results when a dc electric current is applied along an in-plane easy axis, we calculate both ferromagnetic resonances and spin-wave dispersion as a function of slab thickness. For Permalloy stripes less than $1\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ in thickness, increasing current stiffens the response of bulk spin waves, and their dispersion becomes increasingly asymmetric with respect to the easy axis\char22{}shifting to lower (higher) frequencies with (opposite) the direction of current. Also, the frequency and direction of propagation of the Damon-Eshbach surface mode are substantially modified by the current, with changed surface-mode behavior exhibited. Above $1\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ in thickness the lowest-lying resonance frequency of the Permalloy stripe softens to zero with increasing current and a gap opens up to finite wavelengths along the direction of current, indicative of a ground-state instability. We discuss the implication of our results to the characterization of the magnetic state of these rectangular structures.
Cement coating of osteoarticular allografts in rats to prevent the immune response

Recently, more attention is being paid to the treatment of the articular surface defect in the young, active individual. Resurfacing or "shell" allografts are being considered as one of the alternatives for treatment. The immune response by the host may be the chief obstacle to the successful use of fresh osteoarticular allografts. Since proteins on the surfaces of allograft bone cells are considered to be the principal antigens eliciting the immune response, we hypothesized that mechanical masking of these cells by a biodegradeable blocking agent might prevent the immune response. Osteoarticular allografts of the distal femur were performed in rats and the cut surfaces of the graft were coated with cement before implantation. In a preliminary experiment, six biodegradeable cement materials were tried (bone wax, zinc polycarboxylate, collodion, fibrin adhesive, zinc oxide, and isobutyl-cyanoacrylate). Of these, the zinc oxide cement and isobutyl-cyanoacrylate were effective in inhibiting the immune response observed in control rat distal femur allografts. A second experiment was performed using nine rats with zinc oxide and nine rats with isobutyl-cyanoacrylate cements. These were compared with 20 control rats that had allografts without cement coating. Eighteen of the control rats (90%) developed an immune response, while only 22% (2/9) of the rats with zinc oxide coating and 33% (3/9) of the rats with isobutylcyanoacrylate developed an immune response. In a third experiment distal femur allografts were performed in 13 rats using only the liquid component of the zinc oxide cement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic lesions of bilirubin uridine-diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) causing Crigler-Najjar and Gilbert syndromes: correlation of genotype to phenotype.

Uridine-diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of enzymes that conjugate various endogenous and exogenous compounds with glucuronic acid and facilitate their excretion in the bile. Bilirubin-UGT1 (UGT1A1) is the only isoform that significantly contributes to the conjugation of bilirubin. Lesions in the gene encoding bilirubin-UGT1, lead to complete or partial inactivation of the enzyme causing the rare autosomal recessively inherited conditions, Crigler-Najjar syndrome type-1 (CN-1) and type 2 (CN-2), respectively. Inactivation of the enzyme leads to accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the serum. Severe hyperbilirubinemia seen in CN-1 can cause bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus). Kernicterus can be fatal or may leave behind permanent neurological sequelae. Here, we have compiled more than 50 genetic lesions of UGT1A1 that cause CN-1 (including 9 novel mutations) or CN-2 (including 3 novel mutations) and have presented a correlation of structure to function of UGT1A1. In contrast to Crigler-Najjar syndromes, Gilbert syndrome is a common inherited condition characterized by mild hyperbilirubinemia. An insertional mutation of the TATAA element upstream to UGT1A1 results in a reduced level of expression of the gene. Homozygosity for the variant promoter is required for Gilbert syndrome, but not sufficient for manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, which is partly dependent on the rate of bilirubin production. Several structural mutations of UGT1A1, for example, a G71R substitution, have been reported to cause mild reduction of UGT activity toward bilirubin, resulting in mild hyperbilirubinemia, consistent with Gilbert syndrome. When the normal allele of a heterozygote carrier for a Crigler-Najjar type structural mutation contains a Gilbert type promoter, intermediate levels of hyperbilirubinemia, consistent with the diagnosis of CN-2, may be observed. Hum Mutat 16:297–306, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Proteomic Strategy for Global Analysis of Plant Protein Complexes

Global analyses of protein complex assembly, composition, and location are needed to fully understand how cells coordinate diverse metabolic, mechanical, and developmental activities. The most common methods for proteome-wide analysis of protein complexes rely on affinity purification-mass spectrometry or yeast two-hybrid approaches. These methods are time consuming and are not suitable for many plant species that are refractory to transformation or genome-wide cloning of open reading frames. Here, we describe the proof of concept for a method allowing simultaneous global analysis of endogenous protein complexes that begins with intact leaves and combines chromatographic separation of extracts from subcellular fractions with quantitative label-free protein abundance profiling by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Applying this approach to the crude cytosolic fraction of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves using size exclusion chromatography, we identified hundreds of cytosolic proteins that appeared to exist as components of stable protein complexes. The reliability of the method was validated by protein immunoblot analysis and comparisons with published size exclusion chromatography data and the masses of known complexes. The method can be implemented with appropriate instrumentation, is applicable to any biological system, and has the potential to be further developed to characterize the composition of protein complexes and measure the dynamics of protein complex localization and assembly under different conditions.
Energy, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility of high-protein distillers dried grains and corn germ fed to growing pigs

Three experiments were conducted to measure energy, P, and AA digestibility in 2 novel co-products from the ethanol industry [i.e., high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG) and corn germ]. These products are produced by dehulling and degerming corn before it enters the fermentation process. Experiment 1 was an energy balance experiment conducted to measure DE and ME in HP DDG, corn germ, and corn. Six growing pigs (initial BW, 48.9 +/- 1.99 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed diets based on corn, corn and HP DDG, or corn and corn germ. Pigs were allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The DE and ME in corn (4,056 and 3,972 kcal/kg of DM, respectively) did not differ from the DE and ME in corn germ (3,979 and 3,866 kcal/kg of DM, respectively). However, HP DDG contained more (P < 0.05) energy (4,763 kcal of DE/kg of DM and 4,476 kcal of ME/kg of DM) than corn or corn germ. Experiment 2 was conducted to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and true total tract digestibility of P in HP DDG and corn germ. Thirty growing pigs (initial BW, 33.2 +/- 7.18 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on HP DDG or corn germ. A P-free diet was used to measure endogenous P losses. Pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design, with 10 replications per treatment. The ATTD and the retention of P were calculated for the diets containing HP DDG and corn germ, and the endogenous loss of P was estimated from pigs fed the P-free diet. The ATTD was lower (P < 0.05) in corn germ (28.6%) than in the HP DDG (59.6%). The retention of P was also lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn germ (26.7%) than in pigs fed HP DDG (58.9%). The endogenous loss of P was estimated to be 211 +/- 39 mg per kg of DMI. The true total tract digestibility of P for HP DDG and corn germ was calculated to be 69.3 and 33.7%, respectively. In Exp. 3, apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values of CP and AA in HP DDG and corn germ were measured using 6 growing pigs (initial BW, 78.2 +/- 11.4 kg) allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The apparent ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg and Pro, and the standardized ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg, Lys, Gly, and Pro were greater (P < 0.05) in HP DDG than in corn germ. It was concluded that HP DDG has a greater digestibility of energy, P, and most AA than corn germ.
Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

The skin lesions of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis resolved with the daily application of 10 mg nitrogen mustard dissolved in 50 ml water.
Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split-6 (TLE6) Is a Substrate of Protein Kinase A Activity During Mouse Oocyte Maturation

Fully grown oocytes in the ovary are arrested at prophase of meiosis I because of high levels of intraoocyte cAMP that maintain increased levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Following the luteinizing hormone surge at the time of ovulation, cAMP levels drop, resulting in a reduction in PKA activity that triggers meiotic resumption. Although much is known about the molecular mechanisms of how PKA activity fluctuations initiate the oocyte's reentry into meiosis, significantly less is known about the requirement for PKA activity in the oocyte after exit from the prophase I arrest. Here we show that although PKA activity decreases in the oocyte upon meiotic resumption, it increases throughout meiotic progression from the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) until the metaphase II (MII) arrest. Blocking this meiotic maturation-associated increase in PKA activity using the pharmacological inhibitor H89 resulted in altered kinetics of GVBD, defects in chromatin and spindle dynamics, and decreased ability of oocytes to reach MII. These effects appear to be largely PKA specific because inhibitors targeting other kinases did not have the same outcomes. To determine potential proteins that may require PKA phosphorylation during meiosis, we separated oocyte protein extracts on an SDS-PAGE gel, extracted regions of the gel that had corresponding immune reactivity towards an anti-PKA substrate antibody, and performed mass spectrometry and microsequencing. Using this approach, we identified transducin-like enhancer of split-6 (TLE6)—a maternal effect gene that is part of the subcortical maternal complex—as a putative PKA substrate. TLE6 localized to the oocyte cortex throughout meiosis in a manner that is spatially and temporally consistent with the localization of critical PKA subunits. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLE6 becomes phosphorylated in a narrow window following meiotic resumption, and H89 treatment can completely block this phosphorylation when added prior to GVBD but not after. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of oocyte-intrinsic PKA in regulating meiotic progression after the prophase I arrest and offer new insights into downstream targets of its activity.
Regulating the suppressors: helpful or harmful?

The tumor microenvironment including stromal, soluble, and cellular elements has received much attention in the last few years. Particularly in lymphoma, the interplay between the tumor cells and s...
Late Pleistocene Distribution of Microtus Pennsylvanicus

Fossil Microtus pennsylvanicus are reported from Kimball Creek, Louisiana, and from Arredondo IA and the Withlacoochee River, Florida. Late Pleistocene to Recent distribution of M. pennsylvanicus is discussed. Wisconsin records of this species in southeastern states indicate cooler, but not necessarily wetter, situations than at the present time. Late Pleistocene records of M. pennsylvanicus in the Southwest, south of the present range in areas of relatively low elevation, indicate both cooler and wetter situations than now occur in those regions.
Knowledge of oral health of nursing staff caring for disadvantaged older people

Poor oral health plagues those who are economically disadvantaged and it is older people who are particularly vulnerable. Healthcare professionals, notably nursing staff, can contribute to the reduction of oral health disparities in older men and women. The purpose of this study was to describe an oral health education program and evaluate its effect on oral health knowledge of nursing staff serving economically disadvantaged older people in a religiously affiliated nursing home. The study was structured by a one-group pretest-posttest design to determine whether a change occurred in the oral health knowledge following participation by nursing staff in an oral health education program. Knowledge of Oral Health (KOH) questionnaire, used as both pretest and posttest, was developed to achieve the purpose of the study and knowledge improved significantly. The KOH posttest displayed overall higher scores (M = 7.50, SD = 1.701) than the pretest scores (M = 5.40, SD = 1.569). The KOH score increased by an average of 2.10 points with SD = 1.619 and 95% confidence interval, 1.342, 2.858. The intervention effect was large and statistically significant, t (19) = 5.801, p < .001. Future research should be directed toward refining the KOH questionnaire, determining its application internationally, and directing the oral health education program to include not only nursing staff but older people as well.
Wireless Visions: Infrastructure, Imagination, and US Spectrum Policy

Effective use of spectrum is essential to the forms of mobile, ubiquitous, and social computing that increasingly shape and define CSCW research. This paper calls attention to the key policy processes by which the future of wireless spectrum -- and the forms of technology design and use that depend on it -- is being imagined, shaped, and contested. We review CSCW and HCI scholarship arguing for infrastructure and policy as important but neglected sites of CSCW analysis, and separate lines of work arguing for "sociotechnical imaginaries" as key sites and outcomes of technology policy and design. We then turn to histories of U.S. spectrum regulation, before analyzing ongoing FCC policy actions around incentive auctions and unlicensed spectrum use. We argue that such processes are central to the imagination and future of mobile computing; and that CSCW can benefit from adding such policy concerns to its traditional repertoires of design and use.