cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete quantum gravity and causal sets

This paper provides a thorough introduction to the physical and conceptual need for a theory of quantum gravity; some knowledge of general relativity and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is assume...
Quick approximate elastoplastic solutions of wellbore stability problems based on numerical simulation and statistical analysis

Abstract Wellbore instability has been a chronic issue for well operators over several decades in petroleum industry. Traditional linear elastic models may sometimes fail to provide a proper mud weight window for drilling engineers. Elastoplastic models can better represent the rock behavior and, therefore, more accurately evaluate the risk of wellbore instability. However, elastoplastic models have failed to gain popularity in the industry because of the model complexity and computation cost. This work proposes an approximating method in a novel manner, incorporating both the validity of the elastoplastic constitutive model and the rapidity of the linear elastic model to predict wellbore behavior. The non-associative strain hardening Drucker-Prager elastoplastic model is used. The relationship between the yielded zone area calculated by the elastoplastic model and the pseudo-yielded zone area calibrated by the linear elastic model is statistically investigated. It is found that the two can be correlated with high confidence based on a set of common input parameters, like in-situ stresses, wellbore pressure, Young's Modulus, etc. Three correlation equations are provided according to the value range of the predicting terms and an application example is addressed at the end. In conclusion, this approach will help engineers make reliable wellbore stability decisions without resorting to sophisticated elastoplastic models. The equations can be directly used in simple spreadsheet functions or real-time data processing schemes to make faster and more efficient decision.
A Comprehensive Comparative Study on Inductive and Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transmission to Biomedical Implants

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between inductive coupling and ultrasound for wireless power transmission to biomedical implants. Several sets of inductive and ultrasonic links for different powering distances ( $d_{12}$ ) and receiver dimensions have been optimized, and their key parameters, including power transmission efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) within safety constraints, have been compared to find out which method is optimal for any given condition. Two design procedures have been presented for maximizing the PTE of inductive and ultrasonic links by finding the optimal geometry for the transmitter and receiver (Rx) coils and ultrasonic transducers as well as the optimal operation frequency ( $f_{p}$ ). Our simulation and measurement results showed that the ultrasonic link transcends the inductive link in PTE and somewhat in PDL for a small Rx of 1.1 mm3 (diameter of 1.2 mm), particularly when the Rx was deeply implanted inside the tissue ( $d_{12} \ge 10$ mm). However, for a larger 20 mm3 Rx (diameter of 5 mm), the inductive link achieved higher PTE and PDL, particularly at shorter distances ( $d_{12} mm). The optimal loading condition is shown to be quite different in inductive and ultrasonic links. Despite higher performance for small Rx and large $d_{12}$ , the ultrasonic link is more sensitive to Rx misalignments and orientations. This led us to propose a new design procedure based on the worst-case misalignment scenario. The simulation results have been validated by measurements. The inductive and ultrasonic links, operating at 30 and 1.1 MHz, achieved measured PTEs of 0.05% and 0.65% for the 1.1 mm3 Rx located 30 mm inside tissue and oil environments with optimal load resistances of $295~\Omega $ and 3.8 $\text{k}\Omega $ , respectively.
Altered subcellular localization patterns of ferritin and beta-actin mRNAs in muscle cultures, resulting from incomplete penetration of digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes.

Protocols for in situ hybridization (ISH) of cultured cells often include storage in alcohol at −20°C between fixation of the cultures and the ISH procedure. In experiments aimed at localizing ferritin mRNA in C2 muscle cultures by ISH with digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes, we have noticed that omission of the ethanol storage dramatically changed the pattern of mRNA localization. In cultures stored in 50%, 70%, or 90% ethanol for at least 15 min, ferritin signal was stronger on myotubes than myoblasts but was uniformly distributed over both. In untreated cultures, the signal was patchy, concentrated on the extremities of the elongated myoblasts and very sparse in myotubes. Similar results were obtained with a probe to β-actin used as a control, except that signal was higher in myoblasts in all conditions. When the probes were reduced in size to <100 bases from 561 for ferritin and 1150 for actin, the pattern became uniform, regardless of prehybridization treatment. The patchy pattern disappeared when cells were treated with RNase A following hybridization, suggesting that it is non-specific, despite its absence in cultures hybridized with a sense probe. We conclude that incomplete access of RNA probes can result not only in a reduced ISH signal but also in artefactual patterns of mRNA localization.
Nonlinear Microwave Electrodynamics of Superconducting NbN and Nb Thin Films

The surface resistance R s of NbN and Nb thin films with particular reference to nonlinear effects is reported at high values of the microwave magnetic field H rf ≤ 500 Oe using a stripline resonator in the frequency range 0.6 ≤ f ≤ 12 GHz. For Nb thin films, R s does not increase with H rf for low H rf values, as expected from weak-link theory. However, for NbN thin films, R s at temperature T follows a R s (T, f) = R s O(T, f) + S(T, f)H rf dependence for f < 6 GHz, where R s O(T, f) is the surface resistance at zero H rf , and the slope S(T, f) is proportional to f 2.3.
Osteoarthritis treatment update. Minimizing pain while limiting patient risk.

PreviewThe mainstay of therapy for osteoarthritis is still nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, concerns have been raised about the agents' effects on cartilage metabolism and joint loading. Dr Schnitzer comments on the use of NSAIDs versus simple analgesics and discusses other treatment approaches currently available or under investigation.
The Trouble with Torgerson: The Latest Effort to Summarily Adjudicate Employment Discrimination Cases

* Associate Dean for Faculty Development, Nadine Baum Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law. Professor of Law Librarianship Jeff Woodmansee provided valuable research support for this article. This article was supported by a research grant from the UALR Bowen School of Law. In addition, Meghan Joiner provided helpful research assistance on this article. The title of this article is a reference to the original Star Trek series episode entitled “The Trouble with Tribbles.” http://www.startrek.com/database_article/trouble-with-tribbles-the. In that episode, a little furry creature called a tribble made its way onto the Enterprise. The problem with tribbles was that they multiplied very quickly, overtaking the ship. Like tribbles, the court’s decision in Torgerson has taken on a life of its own, being cited positively, according to Westlaw’s keycite function, by over 600 courts since it was decided in 2011. 1 See Theresa M. Beiner, Let the Jury Decide: The Gap Between What Judges and Reasonable People Believe Is Sexually Harassing, 75 S. CAL. L. REV. 791, 795–96, 806–19 (2002); Ann C. McGinley, Credulous Courts and the Tortured Trilogy: The Improper Use of Summary Judgment in Title VII and ADEA Cases, 34 B.C. L. REV. 203, 205–09 (1993); M. Isabel Medina, A Matter of Fact: Hostile Environments and Summary Judgments, 8 S. CAL. REV. L. & WOMEN’S STUD. 311, 311–17 (1999) (discussing summary judgment in hostile environment sexual harassment context); Elizabeth M. Schneider, The Changing Shape of Federal Civil Pretrial Practice: The Disparate Impact on Civil Rights and Employment Discrimination Cases, 158 U. PA. L. REV. 517, 537–51 (2010); Elizabeth M. Schneider, The Dangers of Summary Judgment: Gender and Federal Civil Litigation, 59 RUTGERS L. REV. 705, 709–10 (2007). A study of seven federal district courts sponsored by the American Bar Foundation found that 18 percent of plaintiffs lost their cases on summary judgment. Laura Beth Nielsen, Uncertain Justice: Litigating Claims of Employment Discrimination in the Contemporary U.S., RESEARCHING L., Spring 2008, at 1, 3. Fifty percent of the cases studied were settled early. Id. Only 2 percent of plaintiffs won at trial. Id. These cases generally have higher rates of summary judgment and lower rates of settlement when compared to other cases brought in the federal court system. See id. at 7. 2 See, e.g., Feingold v. New York, 366 F.3d 138, 149 (2d Cir. 2004). 3 See, e.g., Doner-Hedrick v. N.Y. Inst. of Tech., 874 F. Supp. 2d 227, 232, 239 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) (acknowledging “greater caution” in granting summary judgment in employment discrimination cases, while granting summary judgment for employer on Title VII claims); see also Joseph A. Seiner, The Trouble with Twombly: A Proposed Pleading Standard for Employment Discrimination Cases, 2009 U. ILL. L. REV. 1011, 1032–33 (study of summary
Role of Ignition Delay in Rotating Detonation Engine Performance and Operability

Rotating detonation engines (RDEs) represent a promising technology for improving the performance of existing aerospace combustors, but additional research is needed to characterize the operability...
Photon catalysis of deuterium iodide photodissociation

A catalyst enhances a reaction pathway without itself being consumed or changed. Recently, there has been growing interest in the concept of “photon catalysis” in which nonresonant photons, which are neither absorbed nor scattered, promote reactions. The driving force behind this effect is the interaction between the strong electric field associated with a pulsed, focused laser and the polarizability of the reacting system. In this study, the effect of near-infrared, nonresonant radiation on the photodissociation of deuterium iodide is demonstrated. We use nanosecond pulses rather than time-resolved spectroscopy to investigate the average effect of the electric field on the branching ratio for forming D + I(2P3/2) and D + I(2P1/2). Changes in the measured D-atom speeds between field-free and strong-field conditions confirm substantial differences in dissociation dynamics. Both the magnitude and direction of change in the branching ratios are dependent upon the photodissociation wavelength. Experiments and theoretical calculations confirm that the mechanism for photon catalysis under these conditions is dynamic Stark shifting of potential energy surfaces rather than electric-field-induced alignment of reagent molecules.
Abstract TMP25: Targeting Myeloid Cell-Specific Pyruvate Kinase M2 Improves Stroke Outcome following Transient Cerebral Ischemia in the Comorbid Condition of Hyperlipidemia

Background: Activated leukocytes exhibit a high level of aerobic glycolysis compared to quiescent leukocytes. Dimeric form of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) regulates aerobic glycolysis and transcriptio...
Hypoglycaemic treatment adherence and the association with psychological, self-management and glycaemic characteristics in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aim The purpose of this study was to examine adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The American Diabetes Association recommends consumption of 15-20 g of glucose to treat hypoglycaemia. Overtreatment may result in poor glycaemic control and greater glycaemic variability. It is not fully understood how well T1DM adults comply with hypoglycaemia treatment recommendations. Design A secondary analysis using a descriptive comparative design. Methods Using real-time measures over six consecutive days, we examined (a) adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines and (b) comparisons of demographic self-management behaviour, psychological characteristics and glycaemia between adherent and non-adherent groups. Results Findings revealed those who overtreated consumed more daily grain servings and reported higher stress and depressed mood compared with those who followed treatment recommendations. Findings suggest that hypoglycaemia treatment practices and psychological factors influencing self-management should be assessed.
Conceptual analysis to evaluate suitability of compact heat exchanger reactors for rapid and complex chemical reactions

Abstract Objective of this paper is to contribute towards overcoming the barriers limiting industry scale applications of the Compact Heat Exchanger Reactor (CHER). This objective could be achieved by exhibiting capabilities of the CHERs to carry out rapid and highly exo- or endo-thermic chemical reactions. Also, classification of CHERs and preparation of guidelines for the selection of CHERs for the given application (without the needs of extensive experimentation requirements) could prove to be helpful. In order to achieve these, several possible design options of CHERs have been identified and mathematical modelling of these design options has been carried out. The main purpose of the modelling work is to understand the impact of different designs on the rate and product distribution of single liquid phase multiple chemical reactions. The results achieved exhibit capabilities of the CHER to carry out rapid and highly exo- or endo-thermic multiple chemical reactions. The results also serve as a tool to check suitability of different designs of the CHER to carry out more than one type of reaction schemes. The development and results of the mathematical modelling for the CHER are discussed in this paper. The conclusions suggest that a single flexible CHER can be used to carry out multiple reaction schemes with minor modifications.
Examining Student Wellness for the Development of Campus-Based Wellness Programs

Background: Despite the many campus-based wellness programs and services offered through entities such as student services, many U.S. students lack the strategies, skills, or support systems to manage stress or change pre-existing behaviors, resulting in unhealthy behaviors and poor overall wellness. Since patterns developed during this time can form a solid foundation for future health behaviors, there is a need to develop and design wellness programs that stimulate positive health-behavior change. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess student wellness of college students at a four-year public university to inform campus-based health programs, events, and services. Methods: An anonymous, single-structured survey was administered at an on-campus event ( N = 225). The instrument covered six dimensions of wellness: physical wellness, social wellness, intellectual wellness, emotional wellness, spiritual wellness, and environmental wellness. Results: Significant differences for gender were found in the dimensions of social wellness, emotional wellness, and physical wellness. Females reported higher levels of social and emotional wellness, while males reported higher levels of physical wellness. Differences in age for emotional wellness, and year of study for physical wellness were also found. Conclusions: Findings provide insight to direct interventions and programs that would enhance students' wellness knowledge and behaviors.
An Optimization Based Framework for Human Pose Estimation in Monocular Videos

Human pose estimation using monocular vision is a challenging problem in computer vision. Past work has focused on developing efficient inference algorithms and probabilistic prior models based on captured kinematic/dynamic measurements. However, such algorithms face challenges in generalization beyond the learned dataset.
High-pressure isothermal equation of state of composite materials: A case study of LX-17 polymer bonded explosive

Experimental determination of the isothermal high-pressure equation of state (EOS) of composites is not feasible by using conventional diffraction techniques. To overcome this issue in the case of polymer bonded explosives (PBXs), composites made of an energetic material and a polymeric binder, we have expanded the applicability of the optical microscopy and interferometry technique previously developed in our group. To accommodate representative samples of a PBX with large grains, we modified the diamond culets of a diamond anvil cell to include etched micrometer-scale pits. This enabled us to measure the isothermal EOS of a PBX, namely, LX-17, up to 8 GPa. The results are compared with the EOSs of the constituent materials and previously published shock measurements. The technique employed in this study is not limited to PBXs and could be potentially used for the EOS determination of other materials ranging from composites to alloys and granular materials.Experimental determination of the isothermal high-pressure equation of state (EOS) of composites is not feasible by using conventional diffraction techniques. To overcome this issue in the case of polymer bonded explosives (PBXs), composites made of an energetic material and a polymeric binder, we have expanded the applicability of the optical microscopy and interferometry technique previously developed in our group. To accommodate representative samples of a PBX with large grains, we modified the diamond culets of a diamond anvil cell to include etched micrometer-scale pits. This enabled us to measure the isothermal EOS of a PBX, namely, LX-17, up to 8 GPa. The results are compared with the EOSs of the constituent materials and previously published shock measurements. The technique employed in this study is not limited to PBXs and could be potentially used for the EOS determination of other materials ranging from composites to alloys and granular materials.
Economic resilience after the Great Recession: an examination of unreserved fund balance in Michigan counties

This paper examines fiscal slack, in the form of unreserved fund balance, as a tool used by local governments to enhance economic resilience. It adapts ecological, engineering, and organisational d...
Validation of the Shin Pain Scoring System: A Novel Approach for Determining Tibial Bone Stress Injuries:

Background:The incidence of adolescent overuse injuries, including bone stress injuries (BSIs), is on the rise. The identification of a BSI in the early stages is key to successful treatment. The S...
The Second Digital Revolution

I propose that our economy is currently in the early stages of a Second Digital Revolution. In contrast to the First Digital Revolution, which digitized information goods via personal computers, the Second Digital Revolution will digitize physical goods via desktop 3D printers. Thus, the divide between the physical and the digital will begin to converge, which will likely expand the role of consumers and challenge the dominance of firms. In this article, I explain the origins, nature, and impact of this Second Digital Revolution and discuss its research implications for marketing scholars.
Apoplast redox metabolism: Effect of acetovanillone (apocynin) and acetosyringone, on their co-oxidation and redox properties

Abstract A common response of plant leaves and roots to stress, biotic or abiotic, is the oxidative burst. In leaves, this results in reactive oxygen species being produced within the apoplast, the space surrounding the responding cells. A second response that occurs in the tobacco apoplast during this period is the production and accumulation of phenolic metabolites. The interaction of these redox active metabolites should have major effects on the redox potential of the apoplast and subsequently affect the outcome of the plant tissue. To begin to understand the effects of these responses on the redox potential, two induced phenolics, acetovanillone (AV) and acetosyringone (AS) were studied in vitro with peroxidase and H2O2, all of which are present in the tobacco apoplast. While both phenolics were observed to be substrates for peroxidase, AV was found to react 10x faster than AS. The oxidation of AV resulted in an increase of the redox potential to a maximum of 0.35 V. The oxidation of AS resulted in an increase to a maximum of 0.55 V. Interestingly, the redox potential was not proportional to the oxidation of either phenolic. It was found that when present together, co-oxidation occurs with the faster acting AV as a catalyst to oxidize AS. This has an immediate effect on the redox potential. The rate of AS oxidation is dependent on the AV concentration and thus so is the redox potential reaching 4.5 V. The results suggest that these phenolics could play a role in the regulation of the apoplast redox potential during the early stages of stress.
Outcomes of Pediatric Patients Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Intractable Supraventricular Arrhythmias.

Objectives Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used to support refractory cardiorespiratory failure. Outcomes and complications when extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used to support cardiorespiratory failure secondary to arrhythmia in pediatric patients remain poorly defined. Our purpose is to describe pediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for supraventricular arrhythmias in the context of normal cardiac anatomy and congenital heart disease and identify patient/peri-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation variables associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related complications and survival. Design Retrospective multicenter review from 1993 to 2016. Setting Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. Subjects Patients younger than 21 years old requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for supraventricular arrhythmias. Interventions None. Measurements and main results A total of 342 patients were identified (weight, 3.8 kg [3.2-7.5 kg]; age at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, 24 d [6-222]; 61% male). Sixty-five percentage survived to hospital discharge. Complications were frequent (85%) and most commonly cardiac related (31%). In multivariable modeling, mortality was associated with congenital heart disease, time from intubation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, use of bicarbonate prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration, and the presence of a complication. The presence of any complication was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of death. In subgroup analysis of isolated supraventricular arrhythmias patients, similar patient and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation characteristics were associated with outcome. A lower pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation pH and PCO2 and site of venous cannulation were associated with complications (p Conclusions Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use for medically refractory supraventricular arrhythmias was associated with a 65% survival to hospital discharge. However, there was a high rate of complications, the presence of which was associated with decreased survival. Complications appeared to be related to pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation clinical status and whether earlier extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation prior to patient deterioration would improve outcomes needs additional evaluation.
Obtaining Trust in Executable Derivatives Using Crowdsourced Critiques With Blind Signatures

Executable software derivatives are modifications to executables that are made after those executables have been distributed to end users.
Enabling Opportunity Through Innovation: The Case of Telefónica in Chile

Technological advancement in communication technology has been a driving force of connecting individuals on a global perspective. By integrating into emerging regions, organizations are establishing new opportunities to advance a competitive edge. The following report assesses the case of Telefonica entering into the Chilean market.
Evanescent to propagating internal waves in experiments, simulations, and linear theory

Experiments, numerical simulations, and linear theory are used to explore the kinetic energy density of waves generated by oscillating topography in a nonlinear stratification. Initially, generated waves are evanescent but then pass through a turning depth and into a propagating region. A technique for calculating kinetic energy density indirectly via the density perturbation field measured using synthetic schlieren is tested to assess the validity of the calculation. To establish the indirect calculation’s range of validity, numerical simulations were performed to compare the indirect calculation to an estimate of kinetic energy calculated from local velocity components (referred to here as the standard calculation). In addition, the standard calculation is applied to the velocity field determined via linear theory, which defines the fluid velocity using similar assumptions to the indirect calculation of kinetic energy. Both calculation methods show similar trends in the average kinetic energy density present in propagating waves as a function of Froude number, topography height, and distance from topography to the turning depth. Local comparisons of kinetic energy density from the indirect and standard calculations identify regions where the two methods compare well. Additionally, a correlation between linear theory and numerical simulations is presented to evaluate the range of applicability of the linear theory.
Feasibility of the Spin-Light Polarimetry Technique for Longitudinally Polarized Electron Beams

A novel polarimeter based on the asymmetry in the spatial distribution of syn- chrotron radiation (SR) will make for a fine addition to the existing Moller and Compton polarimeters. The spin light polarimeter consists of a set of wiggler magnet along the beam that generate synchrotron radiation. The spatial distribution of synchrotron ra- diation will be measured by ionization chambers. The up-down (below and above the wiggle) spatial asymmetry in the transverse plain is used to quantify the polarization of the beam. As a part of the design process, e ects of a realistic wiggler magnetic field and an extended beam size were studied. The perturbation introduced by these e ects was found to be negligible. Lastly, a full fledged GEANT-4 simulation was built to study the response of the ionization chamber (IC).
Effects of Trap, and Ethanol Lure Type and Age on Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Ambrosia beetles (Xylosandrus spp.) are pests of woody ornamental nurseries and tree nut orchards. Growers use ethanol-infused bolts and ethanol-mediated bottle traps for monitoring ambrosia beetles in the spring. To refine these monitoring tools, we investigated the 1) sensitivity of the commercially available ethanol pouches placed on bolts compared with that of ethanol-infused bolts for ambrosia beetle attacks; and 2) the effect of aging of ethanol pouches on ambrosia beetle captures in bottle traps. Experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries and pecan orchards in 2019 and 2020. For objective 1, the treatments included a bolt infused with locally purchased ethanol, an ethanol pouch attached to a bolt, and a control (bolt without ethanol). For objective 2, ethanol pouches were initially field-aged for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk and ambrosia beetle captures were documented weekly for 4 wk. Ethanol pouches older than 5 wk were replaced with fresh pouches at the pecan sites while ethanol pouches at nursery sites were aged up to 8 wk. The ethanol-pouch comparison study showed that the number of ambrosia beetle attacks was significantly greater on ethanol-infused bolt traps than with the ethanol pouches on bolts at the nursery and pecan sites in both years. The age of the ethanol pouches did not affect captures of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) in bottle traps within 8 wk of deployment. Results provide practical implications into the sensitivity of the different ethanol lure types in association with bolt traps and the longevity of the ethanol pouches for grower use.
Stebbing, Moore (and Wittgenstein) on common sense and metaphysical analysis

Susan Stebbing is often portrayed as indebted to G. E. Moore for her ideas concerning the relationship between common sense and philosophy and about analysis. By focusing mostly on her article “The...
Why Did the Robot Cross the Road

This work documents a pilot user study evaluating the effectiveness of contrastive, causal and example explanations in supporting human understanding of AI in a hypothetical commonplace human-robot interaction (HRI) scenario. In doing so, this work situates “explainable AI” (XAI) in the context of the social sciences and suggests that HRI explanations are improved when informed by the social sciences.
Consumption of Dietary Guidelines for Americans types and amounts of vegetables increases mean Subjective Happiness Scale scores: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background The health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) are well established. Recent observational and intervention research suggests that FV consumption may also exert a positive effect on psychological well-being. Objective This study aimed to assess changes in mean Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) scores in response to consuming DGA recommended types and amounts of vegetables. It was hypothesized that increased vegetable consumption would increase mean SHS scores. Design This study investigated a secondary outcome of a randomized, parallel, non-blinded controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group. Participants/setting Men and women (n=75) aged 18-65 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, with low habitual vegetable consumption were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, December 2016 to January 2018, for this community-based study. Intervention The vegetable intervention consisted of an 8-week feeding phase during which participants were provided with vegetables in DGA recommended types and amounts. The attention control group was not provided vegetables but completed the same testing schedule as the vegetable intervention group. Main outcome measure Mean SHS scores were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses Mean SHS scores were analyzed using a 2-way factorial mixed linear model analysis of variance. Results A significant interaction between treatment and visit (P=0.015) revealed greater mean SHS scores at week 8 than at baseline in the vegetable intervention group (+0.23 ± 0.11 (mean difference ± standard error of the difference) but no change in the attention control group (-0.15 ± 0.11). Conclusions Greater mean SHS scores were observed after increasing vegetable consumption to meet DGA recommendations, suggesting that adhering to DGA vegetable guidance may help promote psychological well-being.
Evaluating Classroom Time through Systematic Analysis and Student Feedback

The purpose of this action research was to examine the use of class time through classroom observation and student feedback. Students’, the teacher’s, and whole class activities during class were categorized every two minutes. Students also were given preand post-course surveys to assess perceptions on lecture time, impact of learning strategies, and enjoyment of learning strategies. Results indicated students spent the majority of class time actively engaged in their learning instead of passively listening to lectures. However, their views of the optimal amount of lecture time did not change. Even though students overwhelmingly enjoyed engaging learning activities and found them helpful, they still believed teachers should lecture more than 60% of the time, even though the teacher in this course only lectured 30% of the time. Evaluating the way class time was spent was very useful to the teacher for course assessment and planning.
Opportunity Costs of Electronic Resources

Abstract Many research universities are turning to electronic-only collections for research materials such as journals, monographs, and reports. However, significant opportunity costs exist when institutions elect to replace all paper materials with licensed electronic resources such as e-books and e-journals. This article will address the advantages and disadvantages of moving library resources and services into a solely electronic format, as well as explore the literal and figurative costs of replacing information access points with annual license agreements and expensive database packages.
A simplified theory for de ris flame over thick and thin fuel beds

Abstract The creeping flame spread problem in an opposed-flow environment over a flat fuel, called here de Ris flame, is revisited. Although the exact solution for the spread rates is well known (de Ris 1969; Delichatsios 1986), very little is definitively known about the flame structure, although a number of analytical and numerical studies have addressed this topic. None of the numerical studies have reproduced the exact solutions for the spread rates to date. The thick-fuel problem is reformulated in terms of five non-dimensional governing parameters retaining all the assumptions of the original theory; the thin fuel formulation is obtained as a limiting case. Direct numerical solution is presented first. The exact solution for the spread rate for thick fuel is reproduced for widely different sets of the controlling parameters. For thin fuel, however, the exact solution can be reproduced only when the flame hang-distance, the distance between the flame leading edge and the pyrolysis front, approaches zero. A finite hang-distance is found to cause an increase in spread rate by as high as 60%. This deviation from the exact formula is expressed in terms of a correction factor which is correlated with the hang-distance, which in turn is correlated with the known governing parameters. The thick-fuel flame is found to hug the surface in contrast to a lifted flame over a thin fuel. A simplified theory is proposed to predict the flame structure in the downstream region. The closed-form solutions for the conserved scalars reproduce the downstream flame structure for both the thick and thin fuel with remarkable accuracy and provide insight into the mechanism of flame spread.
Monoclonal Antibody-Purged Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Therapy for Multiple Myeloma

Eleven patients with plasma cell dyscrasias underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). The majority of patients had advanced Durie-Salmon stage myeloma at diagnosis, all were pretreated with chemotherapy, and six had received prior radiotherapy. At the time of ABMT, all patients demonstrated good performance status with Karnofsky score of 80% or greater and had less than 10% marrow tumor cells. Eight patients had residual monoclonal marrow plasma cells and 10 patients had paraprotein. Following high-dose melphalan and total body irradiation (TBI) there were seven complete responses, three partial responses, and one toxic death. Granulocytes greater than 500/mm3 were noted at a median of 21 (range 12 to 46) days posttransplant (PT) and untransfused platelets greater than 20,000/mm3 were noted at a median of 23 (12 to 53) days PT in 10 of the 11 patients. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells predominated early PT, with return of B cells at 3 months PT and normalization of T4:T8 ratio at 1 year PT. Less than 5% polyclonal marrow plasma cells were noted in all patients after transplant. Three of the seven complete responders have had return of paraprotein, two with myeloma, and have subsequently responded to alpha 2 interferon therapy. Eight patients are alive at 18.9 (8.9 to 43.1) months PT and four remain disease-free at 12.3, 17.5, 18.9, and 29 months PT. This preliminary study confirms that high-dose melphalan and TBI can achieve high response rates without unexpected toxicity in patients who have sensitive disease, and that MoAb-based purging techniques do not inhibit engraftment. Although the follow-up is short- and long-term outcome to be determined, relapses post-ABMT in these heavily pretreated patients suggest that ABMT or alternative treatment strategies should be evaluated earlier in the disease course.
PAY, PERFORMANCE, AND COMPETITIVE BALANCE IN THE NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUE

This paper uses data from the National Hockey League to address several issues that arise in the economic analysis of a professional sports league. Data on players' salaries reveal substantial growth in average salary and a steady increase in the dispersion of salaries between 1989-90 and 1995-96. Marginal revenue products, computed for 520 players in the 1993-94 season, are used to test hypotheses about the relationship between pay and performance and to measure the effect of free agency. Several measures of competitive balance are employed to investigate the proposition that team playing strength is invariant with respect to institutional changes.
The Selection of Comets for Future Space Missions

The criteria used to select a short period comet for possible future rendezvous space missions are stated and the selection process is outlined. For the time period 1900 – 2000, several candidate comets offer opportunities for spacecraft rendezvous. Two of the best candidates are periodic comets Kopff and Wild 2.
Early Implementation of School Reform: How Observation of Literacy Practices Reveals the Impact of Accountability Systems on the Reform Process

This article examines a rural elementary school’s first year of implementation of a comprehensive school reform model, Accelerated Schools Plus. Teachers at this school were found to engage in literacy teaching practices consistent with moderately (but not high) performing schools, with strengths such as high levels of student engagement and relatively frequent coaching of students, and weaknesses such as infrequent teaching of comprehension and an almost exclusive use of passive instruction such as recitation. The reform model purports to help teachers to recognize such strengths and weaknesses, however, a focus on standardized test scores and accountability hampered teachers’ implementation of the reform model.
Geological Fracture Mapping Using Electromagnetic Geotomography

This article describes the evaluation of a new geophysical technique used to map fractures between boreholes: electromagnetic geotomography used in conjunction with salt water tracers. An experiment has been performed in a granitic rock mass. Geotomographic images have been generated and compared with borehole geophysical data: neutron logs, acoustic velocity logs, caliper logs and acoustic televiewer records. Comparisons between the images and the geophysical logs indicate that clusters of fractures were detected but single fractures were not.
TimeSTAMP Tagging of Newly Synthesized Proteins

The ability to quantify or visualize newly synthesized proteins has important uses in cell biology. For example, a researcher may wish to quantify basal or inducible rates of translation of a specific gene of interest, or detect subcellular locations of newly synthesized copies of a protein in order to study the role of new protein synthesis in the growth of specialized cellular structures. In this unit, the TimeSTAMP method for labeling of newly synthesized copies of a protein of interest is described. In the TimeSTAMP method, the experimenter expresses a protein of interest as a fusion with a cis-acting protease and an epitope tag, both of which are removed by default protease activity. Addition of a specific protease inhibitor then allows preservation of the tag on subsequently synthesized proteins. Finally, the tag is detected by immunological methods.
Reforming health care : a case for stay well health insurance

Many health care reform proposals expand insurance coverage without fundamentally changing the structure of health insurance. The stay-well plan used in Mendocino County, California, since 1979, offers an alternative insurance structure that provides direct incentives for consumers to control utilization and adopt healthier lifestyles.
FEMATS: a general-purpose scattering code using the finite element method

The focus of the article is the code FEMATS, developed at the Radiation Laboratory of the University of Michigan. FEMATS is a general-purpose code for computing the radar cross-section (RCS) of arbitrary three dimensional targets with material inhomogeneities. It employs state-of-the-art techniques in finite element modeling of open structures, the latest sparse matrix solutions and graphical user interface for pre- and post-processing of the geometry and data files. Although the code has been primarily used for finding the echo-area of targets, FEMATS can be easily extended to solve open domain problems related to antennas, microwave circuits and cellular phones. The power of FEMATS comes from two features inherent in the technique: (i) the ability to model complicated geometries in three dimensions having arbitrary material fillings without code modification; (ii) the O(N) memory requirement of the method due to the employed local mesh termination techniques conformal to the target. This feature essentially implies that the technique scales favorably with problem size and thus very large problems can be tackled with minimal usage of computer memory and time.
Use of FACTS devices for power system stability enhancement

This paper describes research in progress on the development of new techniques for analysis and control of power systems using FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices during both the voltage and transient stability time frames. These methods are shown to offer the potential for enhancing the system's stability margin. >
And‐1 coordinates with Claspin for efficient Chk1 activation in response to replication stress

The replisome is important for DNA replication checkpoint activation, but how specific components of the replisome coordinate with ATR to activate Chk1 in human cells remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that And-1, a replisome component, acts together with ATR to activate Chk1. And-1 is phosphorylated at T826 by ATR following replication stress, and this phosphorylation is required for And-1 to accumulate at the damage sites, where And-1 promotes the interaction between Claspin and Chk1, thereby stimulating efficient Chk1 activation by ATR. Significantly, And-1 binds directly to ssDNA and facilitates the association of Claspin with ssDNA. Furthermore, And-1 associates with replication forks and is required for the recovery of stalled forks. These studies establish a novel ATR–And-1 axis as an important regulator for efficient Chk1 activation and reveal a novel mechanism of how the replisome regulates the replication checkpoint and genomic stability.
Architecture For Dynamic Task Allocation In A Man-Robot Symbiotic System

This paper presents a methodological approach to the dynamic allocation of tasks in a man-machine symbiotic system in the context of dexterous manipulation and teleoperation. This paper addresses symbiosis containing two partners that work toward controlling a single manipulator arm for the execution of a series of sequential manipulation subtasks. The proposed automated task allocator uses knowledge about the allocation policies of the problem, the available resources, and the tasks to be performed to dynamically allocate tasks to the man and the machine.
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Successful Reperfusion

Background— Glucose-insulin-potassium infusions are beneficial in uncomplicated patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but are of unproven efficacy in AMI with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction because of volume requirements associated with glucose infusion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring incretin with both insulinotropic and insulinomimetic properties that stimulate glucose uptake without the requirements for concomitant glucose infusion. Methods and Results— We investigated the safety and efficacy of a 72-hour infusion of GLP-1 (1.5 pmol/kg per minute) added to background therapy in 10 patients with AMI and LV ejection fraction (EF) <40% after successful primary angioplasty compared with 11 control patients. Echocardiograms were obtained after reperfusion and after the completion of the GLP-1 infusion. Baseline demographics and background therapy were similar, and both groups had severe LV dysfunction at baseline (LVEF=29±2%). GLP-1 significantly improved LVEF (from 29...
Mechanism of Potentiation of a Dysfunctional Epilepsy-Linked Mutated GABAA Receptor by a Neurosteroid (3α, 21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one): Transient Kinetic Investigations

The malfunction of a mutated GABAA receptor (α1β2γ2LK289M) in an inheritable form of epilepsy (GEFS+, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus) in humans [Baulac, S., Huberfeld, G., Gourfinkel-An, I., Mitropoulou, G., Beranger, A., Prud’homme, J. F., Baulac, M., Brice, A., Bruzzone, R., and LeGuern, E. (2001) Nat. Genet. 28, 46−48] has been accounted for by a 5-fold decrease in the channel-opening equilibrium of the mutated receptor compared to the wild type [Ramakrishnan, L., and Hess, G. P. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 7534−7540]. Here we describe the mechanism by which the neurosteroid 3α, 21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (5α-THDOC) alleviates this malfunction of the mutated receptor transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. Two rapid reaction techniques, the cell-flow and the laser-pulse photolysis methods, were used in combination with whole-cell current recordings. 150-μM 5α-THDOC does not affect the rate constant for channel opening (kop) of ∼250 s−1 but does decrease the rate constant for channel clo...
Advanced optomechanical modeling of ROADMs

Advanced optomechanical modeling, coupling FEA modeling and optical ray tracing, has led to ROADMs exhibiting superior performance and reliability, while accelerating design convergence and lowering prototyping cost. A methodology description and illustrative example are presented.
Selectable genes for transformation of the fungal plant pathogen Glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum)

Glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli (Gcp) was transformed using either of two selectable markers: the amdS + gene of Aspergillus nidulans, which encodes acetamidase and permits growth on acetamide as the sole nitrogen source and the hygBR gene of Escherichia coli which encodes hygromycin B (Hy) phosphotransferase and permits growth in the presence of the antibiotic Hy. The amdS+ gene functioned in Gcp under control of A. nidulans regulatory signals and hygBR was expressed after fusion to a promoter from Cochliobolus heterostrophus, another filamentous ascomycete. Protoplasts to be transformed were generated with the digestive enzyme complex Novozym 234 and then were exposed to plasmid DNA in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and polyethylene glycol. Transformation occurred by integration of single or multiple copies of either the amdS+ or hygBR plasmid into the fungal genome. There was no evidence of autonomous plasmid replication. Transformants were mitotically stable on selective and nonselective media. However, transforming DNA in hygBR transformants was observed to occasionally rearrange during nonselective growth, resulting in fewer copies of the plasmid per genome. These transformants were capable of infecting bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the Gcp host plant, and after recovery from infected tissue were found to have retained both the transforming DNA unrearranged in their genomes and the Hy resistance phenotype. All single-conidial cultures derived from both amdS+ and hygBR transformants had the transplanted phenotype, suggesting that transformants were homokaryons.