cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human impacts on ancient shellfish: a 10,000 year record from San Miguel Island, California

Abstract We use measurements of more than 11,000 marine shells from 41 archaeological components to construct a 10,000 year record of human impacts on ancient mussel and abalone stocks on San Miguel Island, California. General reductions in the mean size of mussel and abalone shells gathered through time are attributed to growing human population and predation pressure. Based on comparison with historically documented changes in shellfish communities caused by the local extinction of sea otters in the 19th century, changes in mean shell size and the abundance of other shellfish species may have been facilitated by Native American predation on sea otters as early as 7500 years ago. Despite having measurable impacts on local ecosystems, Native Americans on San Miguel harvested huge quantities of shellfish throughout the Holocene. Such long-term harvests appear to have been sustained by an early emphasis on fishing at lower trophic levels, by periodically shifting village locations, and by intensifying the use of finfish and sea mammals through time. This pattern of “fishing up the food web” contrasts with many modern fisheries, suggesting that the study of ancient fisheries can help us better manage our own endangered coastal ecosystems.
Positive Perspectives on the Profession: Reframing through Appreciative Inquiry

Change theories and Organization Development strategies have long followed the problem-solving approach of looking at organizations, identifying the weaknesses and introducing interventions to “stop doing the wrong things.” In its simplest form, this approach has been successful in a variety of situations and has a popular following. Consultants or internal reviewers look for the problems, identify the cause of the problem, and introduce the intervention (new rule) to eliminate the opportunity for the repetition of the “problem.” Problem-solving is a popular perspective through which change is initiated in politics, academia, and in social media. Eliminate the “bad” and pay attention to what we have been doing wrong to improve. This article first reviews the problems posed in past Hanna lectures to some major themes: (a) the need to address societal concerns, (b) the need to reduce sub-disciplinary fragmentation, (c) the problems inherent on university campuses as a result of politics and the economy, (d)...
Tracheal tube obstruction in mechanically ventilated patients assessed by high-resolution computed tomography

BACKGROUND Tracheal intubation compromises mucus clearance and secretions accumulate inside the tracheal tube (TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate with a novel methodology TT luminal obstruction in critically ill patients. METHODS This was a three-phase study: (1) the authors collected 20 TTs at extubation. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine cross-sectional area (CSA) and mucus distribution within the TT; (2) five TTs partially filled with silicone were used to correlate high-resolution CT results and increased airflow resistance; and (3) 20 chest CT scans of intubated patients were reviewed for detection of secretions in ventilated patients' TT. RESULTS Postextubation TTs showed a maximum CSA reduction of (mean±SD) 24.9±3.9% (range 3.3 to 71.2%) after a median intubation of 4.5 (interquartile range 2.5 to 6.5) days. CSA progressively decreased from oral to lung end of used TTs. The luminal volume of air was different between used and new TTs for all internal diameters (P<0.01 for new vs. used TTs for all studied internal diameters). The relationship between pressure drop and increasing airflow rates was nonlinear and depended on minimum CSA available to ventilation. Weak correlation was found between TT occlusion and days of intubation (R²=0.352, P=0.006). With standard clinical chest CT scans, 6 of 20 TTs showed measurable secretions with a CSA reduction of 24.0±3.9%. CONCLUSIONS TT luminal narrowing is a common finding and correlates with increased airflow resistance. The authors propose high-resolution CT as a novel technique to visualize and quantify secretions collected within the TT lumen.
Excessive anticoagulation and anaphylactic reaction after rechallenge with lepirudin in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Approximately 40% of patients who receive lepirudin for 5-10 days develop antihirudin antibodies. These antibodies lead to decreased renal elimination of lepirudin, ultimately resulting in elevated activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs). A small percentage of patients with antihirudin antibodies develop hypersensitivity reactions to lepirudin with reexposure. Thus, patients who are reexposed to lepirudin must be monitored closely for hypersensitivity. A 45-year-old African-American woman received lepirudin for anticoagulation after being diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia type II. She developed supratherapeutic aPTTs after 10 days of lepirudin therapy. Lepirudin was then withheld for 6 days, during which her aPTT remained supratherapeutic. After lepirudin infusion was restarted, the patient developed an anaphylactic reaction. She was treated appropriately with an antihistamine, a corticosteroid, and an anxiolytic agent. After the reaction resolved, the patient was rechallenged with lepirudin, and the anaphylactic reaction recurred.
Generalized anxiety disorder in a nonclinical sample of children: Symptom presentation and predictors of impairment

Presentation of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a nonclinical sample of children (7–11 years old) and factors that predict overall impairment were examined. Symptom presentation was compared in children with GAD (n = 49) and anxious children without GAD (n = 42). Children with GAD endorsed significantly more worries, greater intensity of worries, and more DSM-IV associated symptoms than anxious children without GAD. Eighty-six percent of children with GAD had a comorbid diagnosis with 4% having a depressive disorder. Number of associated symptoms was most predictive of GAD impairment based on child perspective and intensity of worry was most predictive based on clinician perspective. Overall, findings from the current study are consistent with reports based on clinical samples. The DSM-IV-TR criteria for GAD were supported, with the exception that children with GAD typically present with several associated symptoms, rather than only one.
Entering the 14th Year: The AJGP Continues to Grow

T he American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (AJGP) completed 13 years of its existence last month, and now begins its 14 year. In human life, teenagers are among the most challenging periods of life. For the AJGP, however, these are exciting times. Starting in 1992 as a small quarterly with about 60 submissions per year, the AJGP has now grown into a monthly publication with well over 250 submissions annually, and has become the highest-impact geriatric journal with international outreach. Reflecting the rapid growth of the field of geriatric psychiatry, not just the number but also the quality of submissions has improved appreciably. The breadth and depth of the development can be seen in the varied themes and special sections featured by the AJGP over the last few years—including different disorders such as late-life depression, Alzheimer disease, psychoses, anxiety disorders, and alcoholism, as well as diverse areas of research such as interventions research, bioethics, translational research, ethnic minorities, services research, sleep, and caregiving, to name a few. This issue of the Journal heralds another important change. The AJGP now has a new publisher—Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). It is interesting to note that this company too had a modest beginning. From a Philadelphia bookstall opened during the presidency of George Washington in 1792, a small book publisher has now grown to be one of the largest publishers in the English-speaking world. LWW is a leading international publisher of professional health information for physicians, nurses, specialized clinicians, and students. Among the new initiatives that will be launched in the next few months by our partnership with LWW are on-line publishing ahead of print, and expanded versions of printed papers being made available on-line. I also want to take this opportunity to thank our previous publisher, the American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. (APPI) which published the AJGP since its inception in 1992. It is fitting that we are beginning the new year with a Special Section on Successful Aging. Geriatric psychiatry is not confined to mental illnesses and disabilities associated with old age, but also includes healthy or successful aging. Not only are people living longer, but many of them are also living highly functional lives in old age, sometimes in spite of physical diseases. Recent basic science research shows strong evidence of neuroplasticity of aging in the presence of stimulating environment. Geriatric psychiatry needs to work with the “successful agers” to understand the processes underlying healthy aging, and to develop interventions for enhancing the likelihood of this outcome in the population at large. I believe that the AJGP is growing successfully too, thanks to ongoing support from our readers, authors, reviewers, and editorial board members. The best days for the AJGP and for the field of geriatric psychiatry are ahead of us.
100-picometer interferometry for EUVL

Future extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) steppers will, in all likelihood, have six-mirror projection cameras. To operate at the diffraction limit over an acceptable depth of focus each aspheric mirror will have to be fabricated with an absolute figure accuracy approaching 100pm rms. We are currently developing visible light interferometry to meet this need based on modifications of our present phase shifting diffraction interferometry (PSDI) methodology where we achieved an absolute accuracy of 250pm. The basic PSDI approach has been further simplified, using lensless imaging based on computational diffractive back-propagation, to eliminate auxiliary optics that typically limit measurement accuracy. Small remaining error sources, related to geometric positioning, CCD camera pixel spacing and laser wavelength, have been modeled and measured. Using these results we have estimated the total system error for measuring off-axis aspheric EUVL mirrors with this new approach to interferometry.
Velocity inversion: a case study in infinite-dimensional optimization

The goal of seismic velocity inversion is the estimation of seismic wave velocities inside the earth by attempting to predict, in a least-error sense, seismic waveforms measured at its surface. We present velocity inversion as a case study in the various ‘infinite-dimensional’ pathologies which may afflict practically important problems of distributed parameter identification, treated as optimization problems in function spaces. These features differentiate various problem formulations far beyond the degree one would expect for finite- (small-) dimensional problems. We illustrate this differentiation by comparing the characteristics of three different least-squares formulations of velocity inversion.
Salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Finding a way forward using radiobiological modeling.

Purpose: Recent modeling efforts, based on reported outcomes following salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer, predict the likelihood of biochemical control (tumor control probability, TCP) as a function of pre-treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) and SRT dose. Similar instruments predict the risk of grade ≥ 3 late toxicity (normal tissue complication probability, NTCP) as a function of SRT dose. Here we explore how changes in the parameters of those models might affect the optimal SRT dose and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Baseline TCP and NTCP model parameters were established in a previous report. Pre-treatment PSA was set at 0.4 ng/mL. Model parameters were modified to explore four scenarios: (1) improving the safety of SRT, (2) increasing tumor cell radiosensitivity, (3) increasing the cure rate achievable with SRT and (4) adoption of hypofractionated SRT schedules. The “optimal” SRT dose, defined as the dose that maximized the likelihood of achieving biochemical control with...
Excitations in a dense baryon-antibaryon system

The Self-Consistent Field approximation has been applied to a distribution of spin 1/2 baryons and antibaryons interacting through a classical neutral pseudoscalar meson field. Excitations in the distribution due to density fluctuations are described by an equation relating the meson field frequencyω to the nucleon coupling strength. We have evaluatedω at zero temperature and zero momentum transfer and find that the raitoω/M n is very close to the ratiom π/M n, whereM n is the nucleon mass andM π the meson mass. For this limiting case,T=q=0, the excitation frequency depends only upon terms characteristic of the particle-antiparticle interaction. We therefore interpret theπ 0 meson as the lowest excitation of a bound nucleon-antinucleon pair.
Surface Functionalization of Thermoplastic Polymers for the Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices by Photoinitiated Grafting

Photografting has been used for the surface modification of a wide range of commercial commodity polymers such as poly- styrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(dimethyl siloxane), polycarbonate, Parylene C, polypropylene, cyclic olefin copolymer, and hydrogenated polystyrene that are useful substrate materials for the fabrication of microfluidic chips. Since the chain propagation is initiated after UV light-activated abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the surface of channels within the materials, their permeability for UV light was tested and polyolefins were found to be the best candidates. A number of monomers with a variety of functional groups such as perfluorinated, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, reactive, acidic, basic, and zwitterionic have been successfully grafted from the surface of selected substrates, and the grafting efficiency determined using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Layered surface structures were prepared by consecutive grafting of different monomers. Our approach also enables photolithographic patterning of surfaces and specific functionalization of confined areas within the microchannel.
Expansion of thermoelectric generating capacity in Italy under ECA sponsorship

Marshall Plan aid to Italy is helping that country to overcome an acute shortage of electric energy and to speed its recovery. Steam plants are being constructed to supplement the predominant hydroelectric facilities to avoid future shortages due to poor hydrological conditions.
Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort

Currently there is no consensus as to which staging system is best in predicting the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to identify independent predictors of survival and to compare 7 available prognostic staging systems in patients with HCC. A total of 239 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and HCC seen between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were included. Demographic, laboratory, and tumor characteristics and performance status were determined at diagnosis and before therapy. Predictors of survival were identified using the Kaplan-Meir test and the Cox model. Sixty-two percent of patients had hepatitis C, 56% had more than 1 tumor nodule, 24% had portal vein thrombosis, and 29% did not receive any cancer treatment. At the time of censorship, 153 (63%) patients had died. The 1- and 3-year survival of the entire cohort was 58% and 29%, respectively. The independent predictors of survival were performance status (P < .0001), MELD score greater than 10 (P = .001), portal vein thrombosis (P = .0001), and tumor diameter greater than 4 cm (P = .001). Treatment of HCC was related to overall survival. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system had the best independent predictive power for survival when compared with the other 6 prognostic systems. In conclusion, performance status, tumor extent, liver function, and treatment were independent predictors of survival mostly in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. The BCLC staging system includes aspects of all of these elements and provided the best prognostic stratification for our cohort of patients with HCC.
Spectrum and intensity of light scattered from SF6 along the coexistence curve

Abstract Our two groups have measured independently the “Rayleigh linewidth” (Γ), the reduced compressibility (ϖϱ/ϖμ) T , and the pressure ( P ) of SF 6 along the liquid and vapor sides of the coexistence curve. We find that ( ϖϱ / ϖμ ) T = 1.67 × 10 -10 (1 - T / T c ) -1.22 ± 0.015 g 2 erg -1 cm -3 and (∂P/∂T)lχ = (7094 ± 0.1) × 10 5 dyne/cm 2 ° We analyze our linewidth measurements in terms of the Kadanoff-Swift-Kawasaki mode-mode coupling theory using estimates for the viscosity and correlation range.
Component Assemblies in a Flexible Work-Cell via Intelligent Control

The requirement to quickly change a product, the need to deliver high quality component, and a desire to reduce manufacturing related costs has led to the development of flexible work-cells. Integration of different sensors along with the careful selection/design of fixtures can add to the flexibility of a work-cell. Furthermore, an effective control of hardware in a flexible work-cell can increase the efficiency of a work-cell. This can be achieved by using available software (such as MATLAB, C++) to integrate the hardware for programming. This technique also leads to the control of a work-cell that is both real time and user-friendly. The strategy is demonstrated with the help of an example where two different types of assemblies were carried out in the same setup of a flexible work-cell.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Neurovascular Coupling Varies with Level of Global Cerebral Ischemia in a Rat Model

We employed optical imaging to study the acute effects of global cerebral ischemia on cerebral blood flow and metabolic functional responses to forepaw stimulation in rats. We compared these responses to the underlying neuronal activity.
History of plasma-product safety.

The evolution of transfusion or infusion therapies for diseases requiring specific protein replacements (e.g., hemophilia A and B and severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome) was dramatic over the second half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, it was accompanied by extreme manifestations of transfusion-transmitted diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The milestones of both the replacement therapies and the associated diseases are discussed in this presentation, which focuses on the technologic advances that resulted in even more "pure" replacement therapies for plasma-protein diseases. From donor screening to the development of viral attenuation techniques, every facet of production for these products was impacted by the exigent push for viral safety created by HIV and hepatitis. Almost invariably, this negatively affects total product yield. At the beginning of the 21st century, success in making plasma products safe from recognized and potential pathogens has dramatically increased societal pressures to produce a zero-risk, plasma-derived protein therapy. However, past improvements and low theoretic risks for future pathogen contamination have increased product cost. This is associated with a possible decrease in the overall supply of these plasma proteins because of the reduced numbers of acceptable donors and the loss of protein from expanded attenuation technology. These impacts and the role of dynamic societal and scientific pressures on these decision processes are discussed.
Starvation-associated pruritus: a clinical feature of eating disorders.

Metastases to the hand, especially to the phalanges, frequently appear as acute inflammatory lesions. Given this presentation, the patient is often treated for a felon, whitlow, paronychia, osteomyelitis, or clubbing, even when malignant disease is known to be present.' This was the case with our patient, who was believed to have a paronychia. Our patient is unique in that he had gastric adenocarcinoma that was metastatic to a finger. Gastric adenocarcinoma, although it can metastasize to the extremities, 1,6 has not been previously reported to cause metastases to the distal phalanx.
Trying to untangle the mystery of Afghanistan and Pakistan

Robert Johnson�s The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight is a book that should be particularly read by military and civilian personnel deploying to Afghanistan, even though it is not designed to be a policy guide (p. 4). Although Johnson�s analysis of the Taliban period and the post-2001 US-led invasion is weak, overall the book delivers a thoughtful analysis of how and why Afghans fight, making it clear that conceptions of �friends and enemies� carry different implications for Afghans than for westerners, as Afghans are highly conscious of prevailing circumstances. The appeal of the book is that it examines whether an Afghan �way of war� exists and if so what motivates and drives it. To Johnson, the �Afghan way of war� is based on topography, culture, opponents� strengths and weaknesses, financial inducement and religion. Although taking an historical approach, Johnson is careful about drawing lessons from history, arguing that historical assessments ��convey values that have been discredited in the West,� (p. 301). An added benefit of the book is Johnson�s willingness to investigate Afghan domestic wars and not restrict the study to how the Afghans engaged foreigners, allowing him to declare ��there was no single Afghan way of war in the country�s history. Every response has been dependent on the situation that confronted the Afghans,� (p. 36). This may explain why Johnson seems to reject the perception that when it comes to Afghanistan guerrillas do not have an added advantage on conventional forces as these forces, whether Taliban or Mujahedeen, have to contend with a chaotic command and control system, disloyalty, rivalry, poor discipline, assassination threats and weak logistics (p. 303). Johnson�s meticulous research allows him to highlight that whether during the First Anglo-Afghan War or the Afghan wars of the mid-nineteenth century, which occurred mainly between �
A case report of a new pulmonary embolism occurring in a patient receiving continuous infusion of recombinant activated protein C

Background There are no guidelines governing the concomitant use of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) and deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) prophylaxis in critically ill patients. It is unknown if rhAPC provides any protection against DVT/PE in this population of patients.
Calculation of the Sampling Distribution of the Range

(1965). Calculation of the Sampling Distribution of the Range. Technometrics: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 73-75.
TGF-β1 Limits the Onset of Innate Lung Inflammation by Promoting Mast Cell–Derived IL-6

TGF-β1 is an important suppressive mediator of inflammation, but it can also drive fibrosis and remodeling in the lung. In response to intratracheal LPS, neutrophils migrate into the lung, and TGF-β1 was suggested to protect against the ensuing injury. However, the mechanisms for this protective role remain unknown. Using a model of acute lung injury, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 decreases neutrophil numbers during the onset of injury. This was due to increased apoptosis rather than reduced migration. We demonstrate that TGF-β1 does not directly regulate neutrophil apoptosis but instead functions through IL-6 to promote neutrophil clearance. rIL-6 is sufficient to promote neutrophil apoptosis and reduce neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, while IL-6 increases rapidly following LPS-induced injury. Mast cells are a critical source of IL-6, because mast cell-deficient mice exhibit increased neutrophil numbers that are reduced by reconstitution with wild-type, but not IL-6(-/-), mast cells. Although IL-6 diminishes neutrophilia in mast cell-deficient mice, TGF-β1 is ineffective, suggesting that these effects were mast cell dependent. Taken together, our findings establish a novel pathway through which TGF-β1, likely derived from resident regulatory T cells, controls the severity and magnitude of early innate inflammation by promoting IL-6 from mast cells.
Phase-independent continuous phase modulation for bandwidth efficient multiple-access communication

A class of spread-spectrum multiple-access systems with continuous phase modulation is defined. The signals are unique in that the information bits and spreading chips affect the phase separately. The signal allows shaping of the lower spectral density, via the spreading phase, with little impact on receiver complexity. Receiver complexity is driven by the information phase modulation method. A specific subclass that uses a serial MSK receiver is examined. >
Investigation of human skin lipids. I.

Skin lipids from different individuals vary considerably in chemical composition. The seasonal variation in skin lipid composition suggested in a previous report has been confirmed. The nonsaponifiable fraction of skin lipids can be further fractionated using a liquid-liquid countercurrent extraction procedure.
Lithospheric structure and tectonics at Isidis Planitia, Mars

Abstract We characterize the lithospheric structure of Isidis Planitia on Mars by analyzing Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey gravity and topography data using a flexural model of a thin elastic shell including bending and membrane stresses. Isidis Planitia is a circular, relatively flat plain formed near the end of the Early Noachian, at the edge of the highlands–lowlands boundary and the site of a large free-air gravity anomaly, features consistent with modification and filling of an impact basin. Our results suggest that the bulk density of the fill material inside Isidis must be more than 2600 kg m−3 and higher densities are probable. A comparison of the faulting observed at Nili Fossae to the predicted zone of extensional strain northwest of Isidis constrains the thickness of the elastic lithosphere to be 100–180 km thick beneath the basin at the time of loading. We also find that loads outside of the basin play a significant role in the interpretation of the tectonics; simplified models tend to overestimate the lithospheric thickness. We place relatively narrow bounds on the thermal gradient (3.4–6.5 K km−1) and heat flux (13.6–26 mW m−2) at Isidis at the time of loading.
Filament-overwrapped metallic cylindrical pressure vessels

Filament overwrapped metallic cylindrical pressure vessels show greater efficiency ratio and buckling strength
Investigation of postoxidation thermal treatments of Si/SiO2 interface in relationship to the kinetics of amorphous Si suboxide decomposition

Interfacial Si suboxides (SiOx, x 500 °C initially there is a rapid segregation into amorphous Si (a-Si) surrounded by a SiO2 shell which acts as a diffusion barrier decelerating the reaction. Phenomenological modeling of kinetics with a one-dimensional Avrami–Erofe’ve treatment gives an upper limit for a-Si lateral growth rates of 1.2 A/s at 900 °C with an activation energy of 120 kJ/mol. PL, Raman, transmission electron microscopy and ellipsometry confirm this segregation model in the amorphous state. Due to the ra...
Fundamental questions in the combined use of radiation and chemicals in the treatment of cancer

The author gives answers in regard to combined chemotherapy/radiotherapy basic questions. A discussion of cell properties, dosimetry, treatment-induced cellular changes, cell killing enhancement, and general properties of antineoplastic drugs is given with experimental data being cited for reference material.
Standards and Regulatory Capitalism: The Diffusion of Food Safety Standards in Developing Countries

Public health is a major area of social regulation, tied closely to the rise of the regulatory state. Among public health standards, food safety standards were some of the first to be globalized, through the Codex Alimentarius Commission established in 1963. With the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), these international food safety standards have taken on even greater importance, serving as a reference point for the WTO in resolving disputes between countries over trade barriers. Have these international food safety standards influenced domestic policies and, if so, in which directions and why? This article considers how the Codex food additive standard has influenced policy in Argentina and the Dominican Republic. It looks at the role and interaction of international, regional, and domestic actors and top-down, bottom-up, and horizontal directions of policy diffusion. It also examines the role played by powerful states in shaping international standards.
Exploring the Utility of Narrative Analysis in Diagnostic Decision Making: Picture-Bound Reference, Elaboration, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Purpose To evaluate classification accuracy and clinical feasibility of a narrative analysis tool for identifying children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Method Picture-elicited narratives generated by 16 age-matched pairs of school-aged children (FASD vs. typical development [TD]) were coded for semantic elaboration and reference strategy by judges who were unaware of age, gender, and group membership of the participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the classification accuracy of the resulting set of narrative measures for making 2 classifications: (a) for the 16 children diagnosed with FASD, low performance (n = 7) versus average performance (n = 9) on a standardized expressive language task and (b) FASD (n = 16) versus TD (n = 16). Results Combining the rates of semantic elaboration and pragmatically inappropriate reference perfectly matched a classification based on performance on the standardized language task. More importantly, the rate of ambi...
Enactive Cognition and the Neurophenomenology of Emotion

This chapter introduces enactive cognition, an approach that integrates dynamic systems theory with first-person, phenomenological methods of investigating human experience and neurophenomenological method. Neurophenomenology is an extension of enactive cognitive theory, which integrates first- and third-person perspectives in ways that allow them to inform and constrain each other. Insights from these approaches are discussed, which include the finding that perception and cognition are inseparable and cannot be understood apart from the body’s interactions with the ecological context of its activities. The author argues that the enactive approach calls into question an old paradigm of the theory of emotion, which conceptualizes emotion and cognition as distinct functions located in separate regions of the brain. An account of emotion, instead, needs to preserve the meaning of the experience of emotion as it appears within the lifeworld context of the person, rather than being based on inferences drawn only from laboratory conditions. Enactive and neurophenomenological approaches are promising avenues for bringing forth an affective, experiential revolution in psychology.
The ‘pit-crew’ model for improving door-to-needle times in endovascular stroke therapy: a Six-Sigma project

Background Delays in delivering endovascular stroke therapy adversely affect outcomes. Time-sensitive treatments such as stroke interventions benefit from methodically developed protocols. Clearly defined roles in these protocols allow for parallel processing of tasks, resulting in consistent delivery of care. Objective To present the outcomes of a quality-improvement (QI) process directed at reducing stroke treatment times in a tertiary level academic medical center. Methods A Six-Sigma-based QI process was developed over a 3-month period. After an initial analysis, procedures were implemented and fine-tuned to identify and address rate-limiting steps in the endovascular care pathway. Prospectively recorded treatment times were then compared in two groups of patients who were treated ‘before’ (n=64) or ‘after’ (n=30) the QI process. Three time intervals were measured: emergency room (ER) to arrival for CT scan (ER–CT), CT scan to interventional laboratory arrival (CT–Lab), and interventional laboratory arrival to groin puncture (Lab–puncture). Results The ER–CT time was 40 (±29) min in the ‘before’ and 26 (±15) min in the ‘after’ group (p=0.008). The CT–Lab time was 87 (±47) min in the ‘before’ and 51 (±33) min in the ‘after’ group (p=0.0002). The Lab–puncture time was 24 (±11) min in the ‘before’ and 15 (±4) min in the ‘after’ group (p Conclusions A protocol-driven process can significantly improve efficiency of care in time-sensitive stroke interventions.
Post-hatching development of mitochondrial function, organ mass and metabolic rate in two ectotherms, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

This article investigates the metabolism, growth and muscle mitochondrial function in hatchlings of a turtle and a crocodilian, two ectotherms that never develop endothermy.
Relational Sociology and its Disciplinary Status

Relational sociology is a sociological study about the essence,underlying logic,and social influences of social relationships.The author analyzes the significance of creating China′s relational sociology at a time of socioeconomic transformation,evaluates the position this subject of study occupies in the field of sociology,raises the point that China′s relational sociology must satisfy internationally recognized scholarly standards,and makes a proposal about how to develop and enhance the research programs of relational sociology.
Interacting with Predictions: Visual Inspection of Black-box Machine Learning Models

Understanding predictive models, in terms of interpreting and identifying actionable insights, is a challenging task. Often the importance of a feature in a model is only a rough estimate condensed into one number. However, our research goes beyond these naive estimates through the design and implementation of an interactive visual analytics system, Prospector. By providing interactive partial dependence diagnostics, data scientists can understand how features affect the prediction overall. In addition, our support for localized inspection allows data scientists to understand how and why specific datapoints are predicted as they are, as well as support for tweaking feature values and seeing how the prediction responds. Our system is then evaluated using a case study involving a team of data scientists improving predictive models for detecting the onset of diabetes from electronic medical records.
Topic Modeling for RDF Graphs

Topic models are widely used to thematically describe a collection of text documents and have become an important technique for systems that measure document similarity for classification, clustering, segmentation, entity linking and more. While they have been applied to some non-text domains, their use for semi-structured graph data, such as RDF, has been less explored. We present a framework for applying topic modeling to RDF graph data and describe how it can be used in a number of linked data tasks. Since topic modeling builds abstract topics using the co-occurrence of document terms, sparse documents can be problematic, presenting challenges for RDF data. We outline techniques to overcome this problem and the results of experiments in using them. Finally, we show preliminary results of using Latent Dirichlet Allocation generative topic modeling for several linked data use cases.
Crystal structure of trans-dihydrido-bis[tris-(di-methyl-amino)-phosphane-κP]platinum(II).

The mol­ecule of the title compound, [PtH2(C6H18N3P)2], has a centrosymmetric square-planar structure in which the PtII atom is bonded to two H and two P atoms in a mutually trans configuration. The PtII atom sits on an inversion center and thus the asymmetric unit contains only half the mol­ecule. The Pt—P and Pt—H distances are 2.2574 (10) and 1.49 (7) A, respectively.
Aluminum surface wettability changes by pool boiling of nanofluids

Abstract Boiling of colloidal suspensions has been found to modify surface properties, which can lead to enhancements in heat transfer processes. In this paper, a systematic study of the surface modification after nanofluid boiling is reported. Aluminium substrates of different initial roughness were used to study the roughness effect on the wettability after boiling in various nanofluid concentrations, boiling durations and heat fluxes. Experimental results show that these parameters are significant to surface wettability changes. Extending boiling duration and increasing nanofluid concentration exhibits positive impact on the surface wettability enhancement, while roughness has a more complex influence. The mechanism of the wettability modification is revealed by microscopy and goniometry. It was found that the enhanced wettability on aluminium surfaces after boiling in Al2O3 nanoparticle aqueous suspensions is due to the growth of hydroxides and the deposition of particles during the boiling process, so both chemical and topographical modifications were caused by nanofluid boiling on aluminium surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrate that, micro and nano multi-scale structures were introduced to the surface after the treatment, which contributes to the enhancement of wettability, and improves longevity. The good agreement of roughness factor obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle experiment indicates Wenzel wetting state on the surface.
Coexistence of QoS and Best-Effort Flows

The future high-speed networks will need to support diverse traffic and provide services to flows with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements as well as to best effort flows. In this paper we analyze the coexistence of the QoS and best effort flows from the routing and scheduling point of view. We concentrate in our routing and scheduling analysis on the network bandwidth resource. We present two sets of source routing algorithms: (1) the bandwidth-constrained routing with imprecise state information for QoS flows, and (2) the maxmin fair routing for best effort flows. Furthermore, we discuss two level hierarchical scheduling which is tailored towards the needs raised by the coexistence of QoS and best effort flows.
In Pursuit of an English Style: The Allure of Gothic

On Easter Monday in 1786, the western tower of Hereford Cathedral collapsed and demolished two bays of the nave and the whole of the building’s west front (Figure 1.1). Of course, various parts of England’s churches fell down with some regularity, but the downfall of Hereford’s west end and the ensuing reconstruction shifted a local architectural casualty into a national argument. Contention about the appropriate way to repair a church eventually became linked to larger ideas rooted in an English cultural consciousness. Not least among those ideas was a renewed and growing interest in Gothic architecture as an enduring form of national expression, and its reconstruction as a specifically English genre. By the late eighteenth century, cracks were clearly becoming visible in the dominance of the culture-wide neoclassicism that had characterized both state and architecture earlier in the century. As debates about the practices of architectural restoration were sparked by the repair/rebuilding at Hereford, and the restoration/demolition at Salisbury Cathedral around the same time, interpretation of the meaning of Gothic intensified and expanded. As that interpretation and its consequences began to secure an equation between Gothicism and Englishness, the publication of Thomas Rickman’s architectural taxonomies, in the years that followed, sought to make that link unbreakable.
48 – The Environment and Women's Health: An Overview

This chapter describes the overlap between women's health and environmental health to identify some critical issues for clinical medicine, biomedical research, and public policy. Environmental risk factors can affect almost every aspect of women's health, more often because of patterns of exposure than because of gender-based differences in biological response. Fetal exposure mediated by women's exposures has at times resulted in unfortunate public policy ostensibly designed to promote health but effectively supporting discrimination in employment. Such risks are an important set of risks because, if identified, they are preventable, often through concerted action, including regulation and voluntary changes by consumers and industry. Studying environmental factors, specifically in the context of women's health, is important because it cannot be assumed that the environment will affect women and men in the same way. First, systematic differences in the way men and women live and work can result in significant differences in environmental exposures. Second, women's lives involve hormonal and metabolic changes that create opportunities for differential effects of similar environmental exposures as compared to men. Many of these biologic events influence the uptake, distribution, and storage of chemicals.
TONO-BUNGAY AND BURROUGHS WELLCOME: BRANDING IMPERIAL POPULAR MEDICINE

H. G. Wells's 1908 novel Tono-Bungay is a remarkable concoction, binding together characters and setting out of Dickens, sparkling imitations of fin-de-siecle commodity culture and new media, bitter social satire inflected by Wells's socialism, fascination with invention and flight, and murderous imperial adventure. Readers, though often seduced by the wit and precision of Wells's depiction of patent medicines and their advertisements, have not known whether to read the narrative as anti-Bildungsroman, Condition of England novel, science fiction, or imperial romance. It is no wonder that many critics have labeled this novel a failure.
Silver Linings 1 2 3

The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to gain a better understanding of the experiences of 11 mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mothers were interviewed three times over a 6 week period. Interviews were analyzed using interpretive methods. This manuscript highlights one particular theme—a positive perspective mothers described as the “silver lining.” This “silver lining” represents optimism despite the adversities associated with parenting a child with ASD. A deeper understanding of this side of mothering children with ASD may help health care providers improve rapport, communication, and result in more authentic family centered care.
A Personalized Approach of Patient-Health Care Provider Communication Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Options.

Background. Current colorectal cancer screening guidelines by the US Preventive Services Task Force endorse multiple options for average-risk patients and recommend that screening choices should be...
Total Costs of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy

This study estimates the total costs associated with administering chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment.
Evaluating Performance Portability of Accelerator Programming Models using SPEC ACCEL 1.2 Benchmarks

As heterogeneous architectures are becoming mainstream for HPC systems, application programmers are looking for programming model implementations that offer both performance and portability across platforms. Two directive-based programming models for accelerator programming that aim at doing this are OpenMP 4/4.5 and OpenACC. Many users want to know the difference between these two programming models, the state of their implementations, how to use them, and evaluate how suitable they are for their applications.
The Past Is a Foreign Photo: Image and Travel Writing in the Benguela Railway. Angola, 1920-1930

EnglishThe introduction of railways in Europe throughout the 19th century is the origin of a new perception of space defined by the “annihilation of the traditional space-time continuum which characterized the old transport technology” (Schivelbusch 36). In the Portuguese colonial spaces in Africa, however, these changes would not occur until the early 20th century, thus resulting in the conflation of the narratives of colonization, territorial occupation, and modernization. However, this design is frequently at odds with the superposition of the railway line and the commercial tracks historically used for the trade of enslaved human beings, as was the case with the Katanga-Benguela Railway in Angola. In this paper, I examine three travelogues written between 1922 and 1933 by British travelers in Angola—Through Angola, A Coming Colony, by Colonel J. C. B. Statham, London 1922; Angolan Sketches, by Alexander Barns, London 1928; and A Fossicker in Angola, by Malcolm Burr, London 1933. Reconstructing their journeys, I intend to explore the tensions between text and photography as they shape colonial relationships. portuguesA introducao de linhas ferroviarias na Europa ao longo do seculo XIX encontra-se na origem de novas modalidades de percepcao do espaco definidas pela "aniquilacao do tradicional continuo espaco-tempo que caracterizara as antigas tecnologias de transporte" (Schivelbusch 36). Nos espacos coloniais portugueses esta transformacao so viria a ocorrer no principio do seculo XX, resultando dai a sobreposicao das narrativas de colonizacao, ocupacao territorial, e modernizacao. Esse projecto, porem, encontra-se em permanente tensao pela coexistencia, no mesmo espaco, de linhas ferroviarias e antigas rotas de comercio de seres humanos escravizados, tal como se verifica na Linha de Caminho de Ferro Katanga- Benguela. Neste artigo analiso tres narrativas de viagem escritas entre 1922 e 1933 por viajantes britânicos em Angola: Through Angola, A Coming Colony, de J. C. B. Statham (Londres, 1922); Angolan Sketches, de Alexander Barns (Londres, 1928), e A Fossicker in Angola, de Malcolm Burr (Londres, 1933). Atraves da focalizacao de cenas criticas testemunhadas pelo texto e pelos registos fotograficos das expedicoes
A phase II study of GVAX colon vaccine with cyclophosphamide and pembrolizumab in patients with mismatch repair–proficient (MMR-p) advanced colorectal cancer.

563Background: Mismatch repair proficient (MMRp) colorectal cancer (CRC) is refractory to single-agent programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitors. Cancer vaccines may prime the tumor microenv...
Effects of Black Raspberries and Their Ellagic Acid and Anthocyanin Constituents on Taxane Chemotherapy of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells

Cancer patients often use dietary supplements while on therapy, but little is known about interactions of supplements with cancer chemotherapy. Black raspberries (BRB) have anti-cancer effects, but have not been evaluated for interference with chemotherapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here we studied whether BRB and some of their constituents interact with docetaxel and cabazitaxel on CRPC cells in culture and implanted into nude mice. Ellagic acid increased, but BRB extract inhibited, microtubule assembly. Ellagic acid decreased tubulin polymerization by cabazitaxel and bound to tubulin. Ellagic acid, its metabolite urolithin A, BRB extract, and the anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) did not alter cytotoxicity of taxanes. Ellagic acid inhibited drug efflux in CRPC cells, but BRB extract and PCA did not. None of these compounds altered CYP3A4 activity. Although dietary ellagic acid did not alter the tumor growth inhibition by docetaxel of xenografted 22Rv1 cells, ellagic acid has the potential to interfere with taxane chemotherapy by reducing tubulin polymerization while inhibiting P-glycoprotein drug efflux. These data are cause for concern of consuming ellagic acid during treatment for CRPC and indicate need for further research, but BRB consumption appears safe.
Stress, Resilience, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Black Women

Background: Empirical data on the link between stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among black women is limited. We examined associations of stressful life events and social strain with in...