cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and pilot test of a dyadic psychosocial intervention for couples coping with head and neck cancer.

187Background: Patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNCs) experience significant persistent side effects such as abnormally reduced salivation, difficulty swallowing, and taste changes. To control these side effects and minimize discomfort, intensive self-care protocols are prescribed, but adherence is poor. Spouses/partners play a critical role in supporting adherence, but often lack knowledge, experience high rates of distress, and display poor communication that can interfere with patient self-management and self-care. Methods: We developed and pilot-tested a skills-training intervention comprised of tailored manuals and 6 counseling sessions delivered over the telephone to HNC patients and their partners. The goal is to reduce healthcare utilization and improve patient and partner quality of life (QOL). To guide the development and content of the intervention, qualitative interviews with 6 HNC patients (83% male) and 6 spouses were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. For t...
Ehrhart Positivity for Generalized Permutohedra

There are few general results about the coefficients of Ehrhart polynomials. We present a conjecture about their positivity for a certain family of polytopes known as generalized permutohedra. We have verified the conjecture for small dimensions combining perturbation methods with a new valuation on the algebra of rational pointed polyhedral cones constructed by Berline and Vergne.
Monotonic, cyclic, and postcyclic simple shear response of three uniform gravels in constant volume conditions

AbstractThis paper presents the results of large-size cyclic simple shear testing on three uniform gravels (Pea Gravel, 8-mm Crushed Limestone, and 5-mm Crushed Limestone), which varied in particle...
Do changes in trauma-related beliefs predict PTSD symptom improvement in prolonged exposure and sertraline?

Objective Negative trauma-related belief change has been found to predict subsequent improvement in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in prolonged exposure (PE) and other therapies, consistent with several psychological theories of treatment change (e.g., Foa & Kozak, 1986). However, belief change has not been examined in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline. We examined processes associated with symptom improvement in 2 treatments for PTSD, hypothesizing that belief change would robustly predict PTSD improvement in patients treated with PE but not those treated with sertraline, reflecting moderation by treatment. Method Patients with chronic PTSD (N = 134; 78% women, 71.6% Caucasian, M = 38.1 years, SD = 11.8) received 10 weeks of PE or sertraline in a randomized, controlled trial. Patients reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and trauma-related beliefs (Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory; Foa, Ehlers, Clark, D Tolin, & Orsillo, 1999) at pretreatment, every treatment session, and posttreatment. Results Using time-lagged mixed regression models, change in trauma-related beliefs predicted subsequent PTSD symptom improvement, an effect moderated by treatment and particularly strong in PE (d = 0.93) compared with sertraline (d = 0.35). Belief change also predicted depressive symptom improvement but more modestly and bidirectionally, with no difference by treatment modality. Conclusions Trauma-related belief change precedes PTSD improvement more robustly in PE than in sertraline and with greater specificity compared with depressive symptoms. These findings highlight potentially divergent processes contributing to symptom change in these PTSD treatments, with belief change as a key mechanism of PE. (PsycINFO Database Record
Toward experimental validation of a model for human sensorimotor learning and control in teleoperation

Humans, interacting with cyber–physical systems (CPS), formulate beliefs about the system’s dynamics. It is natural to expect that human operators, tasked with teleoperation, use these beliefs to control the remote robot. For tracking tasks in the resulting human–cyber–physical system (HCPS), theory suggests that human operators can achieve exponential tracking (in stable systems) without state estimation provided they possess an accurate model of the system’s dynamics. This internalized inverse model, however, renders a portion of the system state unobservable to the human operator—the zero dynamics. Prior work shows humans can track through observable linear dynamics, thus we focus on nonlinear dynamics rendered unobservable through tracking control. We propose experiments to assess the human operator’s ability to learn and invert such models, and distinguish this behavior from that achieved by pure feedback control.
Adjuvant chemotherapy related toxicities and their impact on treatment cessation in elderly patients with breast cancer.

e21527Background: Data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program show that the incidence of breast cancer is 243.1 per 100,000 in women 65 years of age ...
Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense

Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
Silicon Based On-Wafer and Discrete Packaging

Advanced packaging concepts for three dimension (3-D) microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMIC’s) are being investigated at The University of Michigan. As high frequency circuit design complexity increases so must the design and development of the housing which supports these components. In the past more emphasis was placed on improving integrated circuit (IC) processing technology while research in the area of electronic packaging was minimal. Now that IC processing technology has reached a mature level and it is possible to fabricate excellent components which function well at high frequencies, it has been determined that circuit/system performance is being limited due to the lack of performance on the part of the electronic package. High frequency circuits require electronic packages which provide excellent electrical, mechanical, and environmental support while remaining non-invasive.
CDK5-dependent activation of dynein in the axon initial segment regulates polarized cargo transport in neurons.

The unique polarization of neurons depends on selective sorting of axonal and somatodendritic cargos to their correct compartments. Axodendritic sorting and filtering occurs within the axon initial segment (AIS). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this filter are not well understood. Here, we show that local activation of the neuronal-specific kinase CDK5 is required to maintain AIS integrity, as depletion or inhibition of CDK5 induces disordered microtubule polarity and loss of AIS cytoskeletal structure. Furthermore, CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of the dynein regulator Ndel1 is required for proper re-routing of mislocalized somatodendritic cargo out of the AIS; inhibition of this pathway induces profound mis-sorting defects. While inhibition of the CDK5-Ndel1-Lis1-dynein pathway alters both axonal microtubule polarity and axodendritic sorting, we found that these defects occur on distinct timescales; brief inhibition of dynein disrupts axonal cargo sorting before loss of microtubule polarity becomes evident. Together, these studies identify CDK5 as a master upstream regulator of trafficking in vertebrate neurons, required for both AIS microtubule organization and polarized dynein-dependent sorting of axodendritic cargos, and support an ongoing and essential role for dynein at the AIS.
The Kondo Effect and Heavy Fermion Phenomena

Recent generations of condensed-matter physicists have devoted a great deal of attention to the metallic environment and, e.g., the behavior of d and f-electron ions doped into s–p band host metals. From the indirect exchange between nuclei in simple metals of Ruderman and Kittel [27] came spin density oscillations surrounding localized magnetic moments [318] and indirect exchange couplings between such moments [319]. There then followed the Anderson model on how such local moments form on impurities in simple metals [320]. There was a surge of theoretical activity on these and related questions, [321] and out of that surge came a remarkable disclosure (among many), namely that in the case of a localized moment that undergoes antiferromagnetic exchange with electron spins in a surrounding electron gas, the exchange scattering diverges at low temperatures. And thus, the local moment d-state itself becomes unstable and collapses. Named after its discoverer, this came to be known as the “Kondo effect” [322].
The tail domain of the Aspergillus fumigatus class V myosin MyoE orchestrates septal localization and hyphal growth

Myosins are critical motor proteins that contribute to the secretory pathway, polarized growth, and cytokinesis. The globular tail domains of class V myosins have been shown to be important for cargo binding and actin cable organization. Additionally, phosphorylation plays a role in class V myosin cargo choice. Our previous studies on the class V myosin MyoE in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus confirmed its requirement for normal morphology and virulence. However, the domains and molecular mechanisms governing the functions of MyoE remain unknown. Here, by analyzing tail mutants, we demonstrate that the tail is required for radial growth, conidiation, septation frequency and MyoE's location at the septum. Furthermore, MyoE is phosphorylated at multiple residues in vivo; however, alanine substitution mutants revealed that no single phosphorylated residue was critical. Importantly, in the absence of the phosphatase calcineurin, an additional residue was phosphorylated in its tail domain. Mutation of this tail residue led to mislocalization of MyoE from the septa. This work reveals the importance of the MyoE tail domain and its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the growth and morphology of A. fumigatus.
Humean Nature: How Desires Explain Action, Thought, and Feeling, by Neil Sinhababu

Neil Sinhababu's brilliant book is a thoroughgoing defence of the Humean Theory of Motivation (HTM). HTM consists of two theses [2]. (1) ‘One is motivated to A if and only if desire that E is combi...
Incidence of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery in Collegiate Baseball Players.

Background:Recent reports have highlighted the progressive increase in the incidence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries to the elbow in baseball players of all levels. However, knowledge o...
Enterprise SNS Use and Profile Perceptions: A Comparison of Cultures

The use of social networking sites in organizations continues to increase year over year. While much research has focused on the social tools and their benefits, there has been comparatively little research done on the impact these systems have on employees. The current research focuses on the use of social networking systems in the organization, and the perception formed by users of the profiles of others. This research also examines the cultural components of perceptions with these technologies. The research findings indicate that culture does have an impact on the formation of perceptions for social networking technologies.
Soils and Ecosystem Services

Soil’s ecosystem services (ESs), provisions of tangible goods and intangible environments and processes, are governed by its capital endowment (inherent characteristics such as clay content) and capacity to transform managerial inputs into productivity. Thus, soil quality refers to its capacity to provide and sustain a range of ESs and functions of interest to human and for maintenance of ecosystem health. Provisions of these services and functions also depend on land use (e.g., arable, pastoral, silvicultural, urban, recreational, spiritual). Because of strong interactivity, management to enhance some ESs can jeopardize others or lead to some adverse degradation processes (e.g., accelerated erosion, water pollution, decline of biodiversity). Similarly, production of biofuels can exacerbate competition with food production for land, water, energy, and nutrients. The abrupt climate change (ACC), as an example of human footprint caused by the use of natural resources, also impacts ESs and the underlying processes. Developing mechanisms and identifying/implementing policies for payments to land managers for enhancing ESs such as carbon (C) sequestration can promote adoption of best management practices (BMPs) and facilitate restoration of degraded soils and ecosystems. Recarbonization of the biosphere and sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) are important strategies to enhancing and sustaining ESs and functions of natural and managed ecosystems.
The Robin Hood Foundation

Created by hedge fund and financial managers, the Robin Hood Foundation fights poverty through grants to nonprofit organizations. As the global financial crisis continues to impact the poor disproportionately, the Foundation needs to ensure that its funds are being spent on the most effective poverty-fighting programs. The organization's senior vice president, Michael Weinstein, has developed a benefit-cost (BC) approach to analyze the performance of program grants. How effective is the method? Is funding programs with the highest BC ratios a good way to fight poverty? In three or five years' time, how will Robin Hood know if it is succeeding?
Deeply bound dibaryon is incompatible with neutron stars and supernovae

We study the effect of a dibaryon $S$ in the mass range $1860l{m}_{S}l2054\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, which is heavy enough not to disturb the stability of nuclei and light enough to possibly be cosmologically metastable. Such a deeply bound state can act as a baryon sink in regions of high baryon density and temperature. We find that the ambient conditions encountered inside a newly born neutron star are likely to sustain a sufficient population of hyperons to ensure that a population of $S$ dibaryons can equilibrate in less than a few seconds. This would be catastrophic for the stability of neutron stars and the observation of neutrino emission from the proto-neutron star of Supernova 1987A over $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathcal{O}(10)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$. A deeply bound dibaryon is therefore incompatible with the observed supernova explosion, unless the cross section for $S$ production is severely suppressed.
Dynamic Systemic Risk: Networks in Data Science

In this article, the authors propose a theory-driven framework for monitoring system-wide risk by extending data science methods widely deployed in social networks. Their approach extends the one-firm Merton credit risk model to a generalized stochastic network-based framework across all financial institutions, comprising a novel approach to measuring systemic risk over time. The authors identify four desired properties for any systemic risk measure. They also develop measures for the risks created by each individual institution and a measure for risk created by each pairwise connection between institutions. Four specific implementation models are then explored, and brief empirical examples illustrate the ease of implementation of these four models and show general consistency among their results.
Pharmacists and medication reconciliation: a review of recent literature

Background: Adverse drug event (ADE) errors are common and costly in health care systems across the world. Medication reconciliation is a means to decrease these medication-related injuries and increase quality of care. Research has shown that medication reconciliation accuracy and efficiency improved when pharmacists are directly involved in the process. Objective: We review studies examining how pharmacists impact the medication reconciliation process and we discuss pharmacists' future roles during the medication reconciliation process and then barriers pharmacy staff may face during this critical process. Methods: A comprehensive literature search from MEDLINE and manual searching of bibliographies was performed for the time period January 2012 through November 2018. Conclusion: Although the issue of rising costs and injury due to medication errors in our health care system are not solvable via medication reconciliation alone, it is the first and perhaps most critical piece of the medication management puzzle. As such, numerous organizations have called for pharmacists to expand their roles in the medication reconciliation process due to their expertise in medication management.
FrancoAmerican Combined Technique of Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Lobectomy in Infants

Abstract Introduction: This 5-minute-long video demonstrates a combined technique of thoracoscopic right lower pulmonary lobectomy. Materials and Methods: The operation combines the techniques of I...
Musculoskeletal problems in the family practice setting: guidelines for curriculum design.

Abstract Rheumatology training is essential for family practice residents, but major inadequacies have been described in current programs. In an effort to guide the design of our own rheumatology curriculum, all patient visits to a family health center over a 15-week period were surveyed. Musculoskeletal problems were reported overall in 23% of the 2285 patient visits and were commoner as patient age increased. Osteoarthritis and regional joint pain were the 2 most frequent problems noted, whereas systemic and inflammatory rheumatic diseases were unusual. Rheumatology curricula for family physicians should stress evaluation, management and prevention of problems in those defined areas.
Parallel-in-Time Simulation Algorithm for Power Electronics: MMC-HVdc System

The complexity in simulating power electronics, such as modular multilevel converters (MMCs), requires simulation algorithms to speed up the process. Existing simulation algorithms exploit spatial parallelism to speed up the simulation. With the rise in the complexity of power electronics and the presence of an increased number of states within them, there are limits in the speedup using spatial parallelism. In this article, a temporal parallelism algorithm based on parallel-in-time methods is developed for simulation of power electronics systems. The temporal parallelism algorithm is based on the computation of power electronics states on coarse and fine time steps using different models. The models of power electronics systems used in coarse and fine time steps are average-value and detailed models, respectively. The updates to states on coarse time step are computed serially and are used to initialize the states on the fine time step. The updates on fine time step are computed in parallel. A translation method is proposed in this article to update the states on fine time step from the simulations in the coarse time step, and vice versa. The proposed algorithm is applied to simulate MMCs and is validated with respect to a detailed reference MMC model. The proposed algorithm recorded a speedup of up to $3.47 \times $ with five cores.
PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Insuring and Indemnification of Public Officers and Employees; Provide Compensation for Law Enforcement Officers Who Become Temporarily Physically Disabled

The Act adds several sections to the Georgia Code and provides a program of compensation for law enforcement officers who become temporarily physically disabled as a result of physical injury incurred in the line of duty and caused by a willful act of violence. The new Code sections also provide a program of compensation for firemen who become temporarily physically disabled as a result of a physical injury incurred in the line of duty while fighting a fire.
The Modulation of Gulf Stream Influence on the Troposphere by the Eddy-Driven Jet

AbstractThis study suggests that the Gulf Stream influence on the wintertime North Atlantic troposphere is most pronounced when the eddy-driven jet (EDJ) is farthest south and better collocated wit...
Terahertz radiation processes in critically coupled graphene plasmonic nanostructures

Plasmonic excitations in graphene nanostructures provide a particularly effective means to enhance light–matter interactions at THz frequencies. Here, we investigate the use of graphene nanoribbons for narrowband THz light emission based on the excitation of plasmonic oscillations under current injection and their resonant decay into free-space radiation. A detailed theoretical model of the underlying plasmon-enhanced thermal emission mechanism is presented, whose predictions are in good agreement with the recent experimental demonstration of this phenomenon. This model highlights the key role played by the nanostructure absorption efficiency to maximize the output radiation at the plasmonic resonance frequency. Based on this idea, we explore the integration of graphene nanoribbons with nearby metallic antennas in an open cavity configuration in order to promote critical coupling to free-space radiation and correspondingly enhance the absorption (and, therefore, radiation) efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude. The simulation results indicate that this approach is promising for the development of novel THz sources with technologically relevant emission characteristics.
Abstract 15940: Wall Shear Stress and Vorticity in Atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Normal Atrial Anatomy Models

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac rhythm disorder that is often comorbid with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and other conditions associated with abnormal atrial pressure and/...
The INI North American Regional Nitrogen Center: 2011–2015 Nitrogen Activities in North America

The North American Nitrogen Center (NANC) carries out three main charges: (1) conducting assessments on nitrogen (N) flows within North America and the consequences for human health, water resources, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions; (2) facilitating efforts to develop solutions to the problem of excess nitrogen in agricultural, institutional, and natural resource management sectors; and (3) presenting these results to policy makers. There are formidable challenges in reducing N loss from all parts of the North American food production and supply chain, including altering consumer behavior. The NANC is working with producers, trade groups, universities, and supply chains to develop effective practices for minimizing loss of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to the environment. The NANC is also helping public land management and regulatory agencies prepare effective policy approaches toward minimizing ecological damage from atmospheric Nr deposition.
Personality in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations With Face Memory Deficit and Theory of Mind.

Objective To examine the personality profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a standard personality assessment and to investigate the association between personality, ASD-related face memory deficit (FMD), and theory of mind (ToM). In a broader context, to examine whether there are distinct clinical phenotypes in the ASD population that have implications for personality development and treatment. Method Fifty-five adults with ASD and 22 neurotypical (NT) adults underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests, including measures of personality, face memory, and ToM. We compared ASD and NT groups in terms of their Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) profiles. Additional analyses focused on the association between specific PAI scales and FMD. Performance on the Eyes Test was compared across groups and was examined in relation to FMD. Results Adults with ASD demonstrated significant elevations on several PAI scales compared with NT adults. The presence of FMD was associated with differing PAI profiles among the ASD adults. The ASD adults with FMD scored significantly higher on scales that are sensitive to positive impression management and treatment rejection and significantly lower on scales that are sensitive to borderline personality, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and stress. There was a significant association between performance on the Eyes Test and FMD in the ASD group. Conclusion Adults with ASD have a unique personality profile. Further, ASD adults with FMD have reduced insight into their difficulties with emotional processing and may not be as sensitive as ASD adults without FMD to the emotions of others.
Experimental analysis of temperature effects in supercritical-assisted atomization

Supercritical CO2 is proved as an excellent choice in supercritical-assisted atomization of nanoparticle suspensions for fabrication of micro/nano-powders. As the rheological properties of the supercritical fluids are strongly dependent on the temperature, the breakup mechanism of the CO2-liquid mixture upon injection is significantly affected by crossing the critical temperature of the binary mixture. In this study, we investigate the breakup of CO2-water mixture (CO2-A) at subcritical, critical, and supercritical states and compare it with the cases where N2 is utilized as the assisting fluid (N2-A) at the same injection conditions. High-speed imaging and laser diffraction systems are utilized to analyze the primary and secondary atomization of the injected CO2-water mixture (over 20 to 40 °C injection temperature range). In general, CO2-A showed smaller and more homogenous droplets compared to N2-A. Therefore, the use of CO2 as the atomization gas is superior to N2. The underlying mechanism in primary breakup of CO2-A involves the emergence, expansion, and burst of CO2 bubbles and formation of ligaments that break up into droplets. The core of the jet in CO2-A system expands up to 50% due to emergence of gas bubbles, while the expansion ratio remains unchanged in the N2-A jet. The finest and most homogenous droplet sizes are achieved by operating near the critical point at 31.5 °C and 7.5 MPa. High solubility of CO2 in water and low interfacial tension of the CO2-water mixture are the main contributors.
Examining Benchmarks for the Daily Report Card Intervention in a Therapeutic Recreational Setting.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) examine benchmarks for the benefits of the Daily Report Card (DRC) within a therapeutic recreation setting, that is, the Summer Treatment Program (STP) and (2) explore differences in baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes among optimal and suboptimal responders. Benchmarks were examined for children's DRC target behaviors using standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes (ES) across 2-week periods of the STP. METHOD Participants were 38 children attending an STP. RESULTS Aside from teasing, all DRC targets showed improvement by the second 2-week period that was sustained through the third 2-week period. Optimal responders demonstrated greater improvement in parent-rated impairment and camp behaviors than suboptimal responders. Some baseline differences between responder groups were found. CONCLUSION This study provides the first benchmarks for change in DRC targets within a therapeutic recreational setting, offering guidelines for treatment expectations. Implications for clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and future research are discussed.
Quantitative estimation of monamine oxidase in the placenta in normal pregnancy and toxemia

Abstract The activity of monamine oxidase was assayed in the placentas from normal pregnancy and toxemia of late pregnancy. The enzymatic activity is not changed in toxemia. The conclusion is drawn that the ability of the placenta to inactivate sympathomimetic amines by deamination is not altered in toxemia.
“It was a great system”: Face‐work and the discursive construction of technology during information systems development

This paper examines discursive strategies deployed by individuals to manage the deinstitutionalization of technology during IS development. In particular, the strategy of face‐work is an inevitable response to requirements analysis, because it centers on identifying “problems”. Directly implicated are individuals who work with the legacy system, thus threats to face and place within the organization are inescapable. This research shows that individuals save face by valorizing the past. This face‐work is accomplished through constructing the legacy system as a great system of the past and by confessing to previous transgressive acts with this system that attests to their technological competence. Both strategies are an intricate part of identity negotiations that serve to secure an individuals’ place in the organization. In this study, the presence of expert consultants and researcher gave expression to particular skewed power relations during the interviews. Thus, face‐work is profoundly influenced by the discursive field in which it takes place. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Estuarial Sediment Bed Model

A layered cohesive sediment bed model used to simulate the formation, erosion and consolidation of the type of beds typically found in estuaries is described. The model is divided into three bed sections: unconsolidated stationary suspensions, partially consolidated beds, and settled (fully consolidated) beds. The model is further divided into a finite number of strata in order to account for repeated periods of deposition, as typically occur in estuaries due to the oscillatory tidal flow. The erosion algorithm included in the model simulates the reentrainment of stationary suspensions and the resuspension of partially consolidated and settled bed layers. The empirical consolidation algorithm ac-counts for the self-weight consolidation of stationary suspensions and partially consolidated beds by increasing the bed density and bed shear strength and de-creasing the bed thickness with time. The degree of consolidation of a particular stratum is accounted for by using a separate consolidation time for each stratum. Results from simulations using the bed model are presented in the form of bed structure-time plots.
Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Anxiety Associated with an 8‐week Mindfulness Programme in Women with Breast Cancer

This study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) associated with the Mindfulness-based Art Therapy (MBAT) programme and correlate such changes to stress and anxiety in women with breast cancer. Eighteen breast cancer patients were randomized to the MBAT or education control group. The patients received the diagnosis of breast cancer between 6 months and 3 years prior to enrollment and were not in active treatment. The age of participants ranged from 52 to 77 years. A voxel-based analysis was performed to assess differences at rest, during meditation and during a stress task. The anxiety sub-scale of the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised was compared with changes in resting CBF before and after the programmes. Subjects in the MBAT arm demonstrated significant increases in CBF at rest and during meditation in multiple limbic regions, including the left insula, right amygdala, right hippocampus and bilateral caudate. Patients in the MBAT programme also had a significant correlation between increased CBF in the left caudate and decreased anxiety scores. In the MBAT group, responses to a stressful cue resulted in reduced activation of the posterior cingulate. The results demonstrate that the MBAT programme was associated with significant changes in CBF, which correlated with decreased anxiety over an 8-week period.
Research: Widening the Conduct of Hospitality Inquiry: Toward Appreciating Research Alternatives

If it is assumed that the situations of interest to hospitality researchers are phenomenologically complex as well as changeful, then it follows that a multiplicity of meanings can be imposed. Thus, for particular research projects a variety of paths for discovery and understanding may be equally viable. If this is so, an appreciation of alternative modes and means of inquiry is desirable if not requisite. This paper undertakes this task. The conduct of research is described as a generic sequence of activities shown to entail choices (and hence tradeoffs) among alternatives—usually with consequences for subsequent activity choices. The many decisions of what to do and how to do it are paralleled by choices about who might decide and who might do each activity. While the authors are sympathetic to the seemingly endless proliferation of models and theories, methodological strategies, designs and techniques, we argue that it may be unrealistic to think a small number or a one best set will suffice. Rather, i...
Nationwide dissemination of contingency management: The Veterans Administration initiative

Background Contingency management (CM) is an empirically validated intervention but one not often applied in practice settings in the US. Objectives The aim of this article is to describe the veterans administration (VA) nationwide implementation of CM treatment. Methods In 2011, the VA called for integration of CM in its intensive outpatient substance abuse treatment clinics. As part of this initiative, the VA funded trainings and ongoing implementation support, and it provided direct funds for reinforcers and other intervention costs. Results Over 100 clinics received this funding in 2011, and CM has been implemented in over 70 substance abuse treatment clinics since August 2011. Conclusions This training and implementation experience has been highly successful and represents the largest scale training in evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders in the VA health care system to date. Scientific Significance This program may serve as a model for training in evidence-based treatments. (Am J Addict 2014;23:205–210)
Matrix Fatigue Cracking in α 2 Titanium Matrix Composites for Hypersonic Applications

The objective of this work was to understand matrix cracking mechanisms in a unidirectional {alpha}{sub 2} titanium matrix composite (TMC) in possible hypersonic applications. A [0]{sub 8} SCS-6/Ti-24Al-11Nb (atomic %) TMC was first subjected to a variety of simple isothermal and nonisothermal fatigue cycles to evaluate the damage mechanisms in simple conditions. A modified ascent mission cycle test was then performed to evaluate the combined effects of loading modes. This cycle mixes mechanical cycling at 150 and 483 C, sustained loads, and a slow thermal cycle to 815 C. At low cyclic stresses and strains more common in hypersonic applications, environment-assisted surface cracking limited fatigue resistance. This damage mechanism was most acute for out-of-phase nonisothermal cycles having extended cycle periods and the ascent mission cycle. A simple linear fraction damage model was employed to help understand this damage mechanism. Time-dependent environmental damage was found to strongly influence out-of-phase and mission life, with mechanical cycling damage due to the combination of external loading and CTE mismatch stresses playing a smaller role. The mechanical cycling and sustained loads in the mission cycle also had a smaller role.
Heterodyne SNR Computations Using Orthogonal Functions

Heterodyne Signal-to-Noise ratios are computed by integrating transmitter-LO irradiance products. Expansion of beams in orthogonal functions simplifies calculations and yields simple, interesting results.
Spanish Language Immersion and Reinforcement During Residency: A Model for Rapid Acquisition of Competency

Background: Residencies serving non-English-speaking populations face the challenge of language training in addition to usual resident education issues. The clinic for the Lawrence Family Medicine residency is based in a 45,000-person Community Health Center serving a majority Spanish-language preference population. Although translators are available, they increase visit time for patients. Description: Three successive intern classes and one faculty member (n = 24) participated in a preresidency, 10-day immersion program at a nearby language institute; thrice-monthly classroom instruction for a year; and personal instruction during continuity clinics by a teacher/translator during the R1 year. Results: An independent examiner tested participants (average age = 29.5; 15 female) using a competency examination based on American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages scoring. Prior Spanish preparation averaged 2 years in high school and 1 year of college, but was variable. Results were compared with Tukey's...
Origin of the Earth's crust

Abstract The Earth's earliest oceanic crust, which was probably worldwide in extent,appeared by ≈ 4.5 Ga and likely formed at ocean ridges. It may have been comprised chiefly of komatiite, with basalt becoming more important with time. The earliest continental crust appears to have formed by ≈ 4 Ga in response to wet partial melting of mafic sources in descending slabs. It was of tonalite-granodiorite composition and of local extent. Continental crust has grown by magma additions, thrust stacking, accretion of arcs, and welding of sedimentary prisms to continental margins. Periods of rapid continental growth are recorded at 2.7-3.0 Ga and 1.7-1.9 Ga, the former of which is most significant and may reflect catastrophic, eclogite-driven subduction of basalt. Well documented secular changes that reflect one or a combination of (1) cooling of the Earth, (2) rapid continental growth in the late Archean, or (3) reworking of the continents, include a decrease in komatiite or after 2.7 Ga, a long-term change in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in marine carbonates, a decrease in Ni-Cr in pelites after 2.5 Ga, changes in the composition of greenstone volcanic rocks, and the increasing importance of alkaline igneous rocks and blueschists after 1 Ga. U-Pb zircon dates from igneous rocks do not support worldwide episodicity or synchronicity of orogeny. All of the terrestrial planets may have had magma oceans and komatiite-driven plate tectonics at ≈ 4.5 Ga. Differences in planetary crustal histories largely reflect different cooling rates of the planets with only Earth and possibly Venus cooling slowly enough to sustain plate tectonics.
Technical Note-The Shirt Allocation Problem

A shirt manufacturer is given a total order by a multistore retailer and an allocation of shirts among stores. His problem is to determine how to distribute shirts to each store according to collar and sleeve size. The problem is formulated as an absolute value programming problem and practical methods for making allocations are presented.
Durable immune response to inactivated H1N1 vaccine is less likely in children with sickle cell anemia receiving chronic transfusions

Background Defects in the immune system may affect vaccine responsiveness. Because of the splenic hypofunction and abnormal opsonic activity, it was unknown whether patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) would respond appropriately to H1N1 vaccination. The objective of this study was to assess seroprotective post-vaccine H1N1 antibody response in children with SCD. Procedure Serum antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization (MN) assays. Correlations were established between clinical and treatment parameters and immune response. Results Twenty-nine of 38 (76.3%) subjects (mean age 11 ± 5.4 years) had durable protective antibody titers 8 ± 1.6 months (range 5–12 months) post-vaccination. Lessened immune response was not associated with time interval from vaccination, splenectomy, or hydroxyurea treatment. Lack of antibody response was associated with age less than 3 years and treatment with chronic transfusions. Of the nine non-responders, seven were on chronic transfusions (39% unresponsiveness rate in the transfused group). The difference in the number of patients with seropositivity between the non-transfused and the transfused groups was statistically significant (P = 0.039). Conclusions Most subjects were able to mount an influenza-specific antibody response against the inactivated H1N1 vaccine. Similar to the general population, children less than 3 years were less likely to respond. In addition, patients on chronic transfusions were less likely to respond when compared to non-transfused children. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of decreased vaccine response in patients with SCD on chronic transfusions. We postulate that transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) may be related to decreased response. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1280–1283. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gravity Survey and Analysis of San Diego Embayment, Southwest San Diego County, California: ABSTRACT

A reconnaissance study of the San Diego, La Jolla, and western one-thirds of the El Cajon and Jamul 15-minute quadrangles was conducted to determine the depth to basement, using gravity meter, available well data, and surface geology. A Worden gravimeter was used to occupy 368 stations with ½-mile spacing; drift, latitude, and elevation corrections were made; basement-sediment density contrasts range from 0.3 to 0.5 mgals. Geologic units and gravity contours trend north-northwest as do the Peninsular ranges. Anomalies over areas underlain by batholithic rocks range from -6 to -26 mgals. Irregularities and small closures occur along the belt of dense (±2.85 gm./cc.) Santiago Peak End_Page 646------------------------------ volcanic rocks. At the south end of Diego Bay, a gravity anomaly of -36 mgals. and well data indicate the presence of a sedimentary basin ±6,000 feet deep. A +4 mgal. anomaly at Point Loma and near-zero anomalies at La Jolla reflect a positive westerly gradient. At the surface, Santiago Peak volcanic rocks, a discontinuously exposed belt of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous(?) meta-volcanic and meta-volcaniclastic rocks, roughly separate mid-Cretaceous batholithic rocks at the northeast from Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pliocene clastic sedimentary rocks at the southwest. The Campanian-Maestrichtian Rosario Formation crops out at La Jolla and Point Loma. Most surface exposures of undifferentiated Eocene rocks are north of Mission Valley. At the south, the Pliocene San Diego Formation overlaps the Eocene. An irregular basement surface (batholith and older) dips west; it is elevated slightly under Point Loma and flattened under La Jolla. The Rosario Formation reaches a maximum thickness of ±4,000 feet at La Jolla and Point Loma. Undifferentiated Eocene sedimentary rocks attain a maximum thickness of ±2,500 feet south of San Diego Bay where they are overlain by more than 2,000 feet of the San Diego Formation. Four distinct post-batholith structural blocks are delimited by an east-west Mission Valley hinge line and the north-south-trending Rose Canyon fault. The northeast stable block (Kearny mesa) received mostly Eocene sediments. The northwest block (La Jolla) and southwest block (Point Loma), separated by synclinal Mission Bay, received mostly Upper Cretaceous and Eocene sediments, and later were uplifted, faulted, and tilted. The southeast block (San Diego mesa) probably subsided continuously, receiving more than 2,000 feet of Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pliocene sediments. End_of_Article - Last_Page 647------------
Exact economic design of X¯ charts for general time in-control distributions

Abstract Economic design of control charts seeks to choose the parameters of control charts that will minimize the cost. In an economic model, the time to the occurence of an assignable cause is usually assumed to follow an exponential distribution. In addition to this assumption, certain approximations are used in the optimization procedures. This paper extends the current economic design for X¯ charts in two directions. First, economic design is considered for a general distribution for the time to the occurrence of an assignable cause. The method is specialized to several distributions such as Weibull, lognormal, folded-normal, folded-logistic, and gamma. Second, an exact method to obtain the optimal design parameters is developed. Using Duncan's examples, the optimal designs obtained by exact method are compared for different distributions. These are also compared with the approximate optimal designs given by Duncan. This comparison shows that the optimality of the design for X¯ charts is insensitive ...
The alimentary canal of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes abutilonea (Homoptera, Sternorrhynchi): histology, ultrastructure and correlations to function

The midguts of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes abutilonea are looped so that the anterior and posterior extremities are in contact with each other. The basal lamina is breached at this point so that opposing basal epithelial membranes of either extremity are contiguous. On the anal side of the contact is a “filter-organ”, consisting of oesophageal, Malpighian and modified ventricular epithelial cells. Comparison with model systems indicates that the filter-organ acts as an osmoregulatory device. It appears that fluid food is directed into the looped midgut and concentrated by passive transport of water across the contact point, through the filter-organ, and then into the hindgut. The filter-organ of both species is attached to the contact point, but in T. abutilonea it is thereafter suspended in the alimentary lumen, free of the alimentary wall. In B. tabaci, the oesophageal cells of the filter-organ are attached to the alimentary wall. This constitutes the major difference in gut histology between the two species. Dissections indicate that the midgut can be moved through the petiole, from the abdomen to the thorax, and back again. This, and the absence of Malpighian tubules, suggests that the midgut services the excretory needs of the flight muscles.
Toward More Effective Teacher Evaluation: Lessons From Naturalistic Inquiry

Evaluators who use a naturalistic ori entation observe a teacher's perfor mance within the context of other lessons and interactions, view teacher observation and evaluation as pro cesses rather than outcomes, and see events from the teacher's perspective.