cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing compliance with home exercise programs among patients with upper-extremity impairment

Objective Patient cooperation and satisfaction with home exercise programs are important for successful outcomes of intervention. This study investigated factors from three models to predict increased compliance and satisfaction with home exercise programs: the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), including the volition subsystem (interests), habituation subsystem (roles), and performance subsystem (reported physical capacity); the Health Belief Model (HBM), including perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and severity; and the Health Locus of Control (HLOC). Method Sixty-two outpatients at an orthopedic upper-extremity rehabilitation facility completed a battery of questionnaires and self-report instruments, including a health belief survey to assess HBM factors, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Modified Activity Profile to assess the performance subsystem of the MOHO, a demographic questionnaire (including roles), a report of home exercise, and a satisfaction scale of their therapist's treatment. Compliance was determined by comparing participants' report of exercises performed to exercises specified on their medical chart. Results Stepwise regression identified two predictors of compliance: perceived self-efficacy and internal HLOC, R2 = .16. Conclusion Results supported the role of the MOHO's volition subsystem, but roles and physical capacity--representing the habituation and performance subsystems of the MOHO--did not contribute significantly to the prediction of compliance.
Expression and loss of alleles in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts and stem cells carrying allelic fluorescent protein genes

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) contributes to many cancers, but the rate at which these events occur in normal cells of the body is not clear. LOH would be detectable in diverse cell types in the body if this event were to confer an obvious cellular phenotype. Mice that carry two different fluorescent protein genes as alleles of a locus would seem to be a useful tool for addressing this issue because LOH would change a cell's phenotype from dichromatic to monochromatic. In addition, LOH caused by mitotic crossing over might be discernable in tissues because this event produces a pair of neighboring monochromatic cells that are different colors. As a step in assessing the utility of this approach, we derived primary embryonic fibroblast populations and embryonic stem cell lines from mice that carried two different fluorescent protein genes as alleles at the chromosome 6 locus, ROSA26. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) showed that the vast majority of cells in each line expressed the two marker proteins at similar levels, and that populations exhibited expression noise similar to that seen in bacteria and yeast. Cells with a monochromatic phenotype were present at frequencies on the order of 10-4 and appeared to be produced at a rate of approximately 10-5 variant cells per mitosis. 45 of 45 stably monochromatic ES cell clones exhibited loss of the expected allele at the ROSA26 locus. More than half of these clones retained heterozygosity at a locus between ROSA26 and the centromere. Other clones exhibited LOH near the centromere, but were disomic for chromosome 6. Allelic fluorescent markers allowed LOH at the ROSA26 locus to be detected by FACS. LOH at this locus was usually not accompanied by LOH near the centromere, suggesting that mitotic recombination was the major cause of ROSA26 LOH. Dichromatic mouse embryonic cells provide a novel system for studying genetic/karyotypic stability and factors influencing expression from allelic genes. Similar approaches will allow these phenomena to be studied in tissues.
Sentencing Children to Death by Incarceration: A Deadly Denial of Social Responsibility:

Juveniles, even the worst offenders among them, have an affirmative claim to social conditions and public policies that foster their mature development. The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized the inherent immaturity of juveniles, which renders them less culpable than adults and more amenable to reform. For these reasons, juvenile offenders should not be subjected to final and irrevocable sanctions like life without parole, a punishment more appropriately referred to as “our other death penalty,” death by incarceration. In failing to provide the resources necessary for American youth to mature into well-adjusted adults, while simultaneously implementing an overly harsh approach to criminal justice, we are in effect punishing our youth for society’s shortcomings.
Obesity and the Heart

Excess weight is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor and certainly the factor that improves the least over time among those with established cardiovascular disease. The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease is complex and not limited to the standard risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, multiple studies have shown that obesity may cause cardiovascular diseases via multiple disease mechanisms like subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, increased sympathetic tone, atherogenic lipid profiles, enhanced thrombogenic factors and also through obstructive sleep apnea. Despite the overwhelming data linking obesity to cardiovascular disease, several studies have shown a paradoxical association between obesity and prognosis among those with coronary disease and heart failure, which may be due to limitations of the way we currently define obesity. There is abundant data suggesting that measuring central obesity or total body fat content might be more appropriate than using the body mass index alone. The management of obesity is challenging and studies using lifestyle modification alone or with pharmacologic agents generally have limited success and high levels of weight regain. Bariatric surgery has proven to be an effective and safe way to induce and maintain significant weight loss but is limited to those with medically complicated obesity or people who are severely obese.
Determination of molecular structures of photolysis products of substituted aromatic azides in diethylamine solvent by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

We have photolyzed methyl-3-azido-4-fluoro benzoate, methyl-3-azido-6-fluoro benzoate, and methyl-3-azido-4,6-difluoro benzoate, in neat diethylamine and the resultant products were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two types of products were formed. The first type of product includes substituted anilines and adducts of an aryl nitrene with one molecule of diethylamine. The second type of product includes adducts derived by addition of two molecules of diethylamine to ketenimines with elimination of hydrogen fluoride and also products derived from these with subsequent elimination of hydrogen cyanide molecule. These hydrogen cyanide eliminated products appear to have been formed by secondary photolysis of the initially formed adducts.
The Cookie Paradox

We’ve all been at parties where there's one cookie left on what was once a plate full of cookies, a cookie no one will eat simply because everyone is following a rule of etiquette, according to which you’re not supposed to eat the last cookie. Or at least we think everyone is following this rule, but maybe not. In this paper I present a new paradox, the Cookie Paradox, which is an argument that seems to prove that in any situation in which everyone is truly following the rule, no one eats any cookies at all, no matter how many there are to be eaten. The ‘Cookie Argument’ resembles the more familiar argument that surprise exams are impossible, but it's not exactly the same. I argue that the biggest difference is that, unlike the surprise exam argument, the Cookie Argument is actually sound! I conclude the paper by explaining how it could be possible for a group of people to engage in behavior (eating cookies) that guarantees that at least one of the members of the group will violate a rule, even when it's common knowledge in the group that everyone is committed to following that very rule. Sometimes me think, “What is friend?” and then me say, “Friend is someone to share the last cookie with.” - Cookie Monster, http://youtu.be/LHh0A_bH5ig
Pharmacology of the inhibition in the lateral septal region

Abstract The pharmacology of interneuronal mediated inhibition was studied in the lateral septal region with electrophysiological techniques. In the dorsal septal nucleus, two pharmacological distinct pathways were postulated: The first, an afferent collateral pathway in which the interneurons appear to be cholinergic. The second, a recurrent collateral pathway in which the interneurons appear to utilize GABA. In the lateral septal nucleus, there appears to be only a single pathway involved in the inhibition of the principal cells. This, a recurrent collateral pathway, also appears to utilize GABA.
Applying the conception of HCI engineering to the design of economic systems

The Long and Dowell conception for HCI design (Long and Dowell, 1989) outlined the general design problem for HCI and contrasted between applied science and engineering disciplines of HCI. Salter (1995) sought to clarify the applied science conception through the application of Kuhn's conception of science. Salter also built upon the work of Long and Dowell to produce a generic conception of engineering design. As part of this work the notion of preference was formalized. Building upon the generic conception a set of criterion for an engineering discipline is established. A general design problem for economics is outlined in order to apply the generic conception to the field of economics. Roth's (2002) implicit conception of economic engineering is analyzed against the criterion and the formalized notion of preferences and found to be a consistent but not complete example of an engineering discipline. The general problem of economic design, based upon Long and Dowell's approach, is employed to analyze a regulatory response (Turner, 2009) to the global financial crisis of 2007+ and develop a design-based solution to the problems. It is argued that the current applied science based responses to the economic crisis are insufficient and that a multi disciplinary engineering approach is necessary. This approach includes consideration of how economic participants interact with computers as part of the financial system.
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: STUDY FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which cutaneous lesions occur in 85% of patients. This study from Lahore, Pakistan, was conducted to determine the pattern and incidence of such lesions in SLE. Methods. Forty patients with SLE fulfilling the clinical and laboratory criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) (1982) were examined between October 1992 and September 1993 for the presence of cutaneous manifestations. Results. Skin changes noted were: noncicatricial diffuse alopecia (82.5%), malar rash (60%), mucosal lesions (60%), discoid eruption (57.5%), photosensitivity (60%), nail involvement (55%), vascular lesions (50%), pruritus (45%), and pigmentary changes (37.5%). Peripheral gangrene, chronic ulcers, Raynaud's phenomenon, urticaria, chilblains, thrombophlebitis, palmar erythema, and erythema multiforme were rare. Antinuclear antibody reaction was positive in 80% and anti-dsDNA antibodies in 70%. Conclusion. A different clinical pattern was noted in our patients than reported previously.
Simultaneous multi-line-segment merging for robot mapping using Mean shift clustering

Line segment based representation of 2D robot maps is known to have advantages over raw point data or grid based representation gained from laser range scans. It significantly reduces the size of the data set. It also contains higher geometric information, which is necessary for robust post processing. The paper describes an algorithm to convert global 2D robot maps to line segment representation, using a pre-aligned set of point-based single scans as input. Mean-shift clustering on the set of all line segments is utilized to merge perceptually similar segments to single instances: locally linear features in the environment are unambiguously represented by single line segments in the final global map. Apart from a scaling parameter, the approach is parameter free. Experiments on real world data sets prove its applicability in the field of robot mapping.
Repetitive Military Challenges and Recurrent International Conflicts, 1918–1994

This article seeks to shed light on the problem of recurrent international conflicts. It does so by investigating the relative frequency of a particular class of such conflicts, those in which the challenger in a given conflict is the challenger in the next conflict involving the same two countries. I demonstrate that these “repetitive military challenges” constitute a significant majority of several types of recurrent conflicts. I also develop a Cox proportional hazards model of the risk that, after a given conflict, the defender is re-challenged by the original challenger, a conflict that is usually but not always a repetitive challenge. This analysis finds that a range of systemic, dyadic, and national conditions contribute to the risk of re-challenges. One key finding is that after low-severity conflicts, democratic defenders are at a greater risk than are nondemocratic defenders to be the victims of re-challenges.
Use of Oxytetracycline to Determine the Contribution of Stocked Fingerling Walleyes

Abstract Fingerlings of walleye Stizostedion vitreum were marked by immersion in 200 mg oxytetracycline/L for 8.5 h before stocking in Mosquito Lake, Ohio. The marks were used to evaluate the contribution of the stocked fingerlings relative to natural reproduction. On average, 74 fingerlings were stocked per hectare during early June in 1988 and 1989. Mark retention over summer, assessed in a hatchery pond during 1988, was 100%. Marks were found on 73 and 65% of the age-0 Mosquito Lake walleye otoliths sampled in early October, 1988 and 1989, respectively. Because stocked fish contributed more than half to each walleye year-class, the continuation of annual walleye stocking in Mosquito Lake is recommended.
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and pancreatitis

We describe a male patient with a Y202H ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency gene mutation who had pancreatitis while taking a low-protein diet, citrulline, and sodium phenylbutyrate.
After the Corporation

Shareholder-owned corporations were the central pillars of the US economy in the twentieth century. Due to the success of the shareholder value movement and the widespread “Nikefication” of production, however, public corporations have become less concentrated, less integrated, less interconnected at the top, shorter-lived, and less prevalent since the turn of the twenty-first century, and there is reason to expect that their significance will continue to dwindle. We are left with both pathologies (heightened inequality, lower mobility, and a fragmented social safety net) and new technologies suitable for being repurposed in more democratic forms. Local solutions for producing, distributing, and sharing can provide functional alternatives to corporations for both production and employment; what is needed is the social organization to match the tools that we already have, or will have shortly. The time for democratic local economic forms prophesied by generations of activists may finally be at hand.
Chapter IV. Parent‐Adolescent Relationships in Nonstep‐, Simple Step‐, qnd Complex Stepfamilies

A substantial body of research has documented the difficulties that families encounter when they go through a marital transition (Bray, 1990; Furstenberg & Cherlin, 1991; Hetherington, 1993; Hetherington & Clingempeel, 1992). Findings indicate that, during the initial years following remarriage, family members have difficulty negotiating new family roles and relationships and that some of the most problematic relations occur between parents and adolescents (see Hetherington & Stanley-Hagen, 1996, for a review). As noted in the introductory chapter of this Monograph (Chapter I), there may be temporary perturbations in relations between the biological parent and child and more long-lasting ones in relations between stepchildren and stepparents and in sibling relations (Bray, 1991; Hetherington, 1989, 1991, 1993; Hetherington & Clingempeel, 1992.) In this chapter, characteristics and differences in the parent-adolescent relationship in nonstep-, simple step-, and complex stepfamilies of relatively long duration will be described. In addition, gender differences and the role of biological relatedness, which we refer to as "ownness"' in relationships will be examined. Changes in the parent-adolescent relationship and the frequently described realignments in family relationships as children move through adolescence (Baumrind, 1991) also will be explored. The following hypotheses were based on the theoretical conceptualizations and empirical findings reviewed in Chapter I of this Monograph. First, because divorce occurs earlier in remarriages than in first marriages, it was assumed that many dysfunctional families would have dropped out of the sample of stabilized stepfamilies. It was hypothesized that, in
Cultivating Campus Environments to Maximize Success Among Latino and Latina College Students

This chapter highlights the factors that hinder or contribute to the success of Latino and Latina students at predominantly White institutions. The Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) Model is offered as a framework from which to create environments for Latino/a students to thrive in college.
Short- and long-range magnetic order in LaMnAsO

The magnetic properties of the layered oxypnictide LaMnAsO have been revisited using neutron scattering and magnetization measurements. The present measurements identify the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}=360(1)$ K. Below ${T}_{N}$ the critical exponent describing the magnetic order parameter is $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.33--0.35$, consistent with a three-dimensional Heisenberg model. Above this temperature, diffuse magnetic scattering indicative of short-range magnetic order is observed, and this scattering persists up to ${T}_{\text{SRO}}=650(10)$ K. The magnetic susceptibility shows a weak anomaly at ${T}_{\text{SRO}}$ and no anomaly at ${T}_{N}$. Analysis of the diffuse scattering data using a reverse Monte Carlo algorithm indicates that above ${T}_{N}$ nearly two-dimensional, short-range magnetic order is present with a correlation length of 9.3(3) \AA{} within the Mn layers at 400 K. The inelastic scattering data reveal a spin gap of 3.5 meV in the long-range ordered state, and strong, low-energy (quasielastic) magnetic excitations emerging in the short-range ordered state. Comparison with other related compounds correlates the distortion of the Mn coordination tetrahedra to the sign of the magnetic exchange along the layer-stacking direction, and suggests that short-range order above ${T}_{N}$ is a common feature in the magnetic behavior of layered Mn-based pnictides and oxypnictides.
Elided conditionals

Many software testing and automated debugging tools rely on structural coverage techniques. Such tools implicitly assume a relation between individual control-flow choices made in conditional statements during a program run and the outcome of the run. In this paper, we develop the notion of elided choices that, viewed in isolation, have no impact on the outcome of the program. We call the conditionals that make such choices elided conditionals. We develop an experimental framework for discovering elided conditionals. From looking at three programs of varying complexity under this framework, we discovered that elided conditionals do occur, sometimes with alarming frequency. We discuss the impact of elided conditionals on various forms of dynamic analysis and suggest future work that would extend elision to general expressions.
Aberrant Expression of CD19 as a Marker of Monocytic Lineage in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Immunophenotypic analysis plays a critical role in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia. Certain characteristic immunophenotypic patterns have emerged that aid in the classification of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We describe a unique pattern of expression of CD19, a B cell-associated cell surface antigen, in cases of AML. We reviewed 59 cases of de novo AML to determine the pattern of CD19 expression in cases of AML using three different CD19 monoclonal antibodies, including B4 (Lytic), B4 89B (Coulter, Miami, Fla) and SJ25-C1 (GenTrak, Plymouth Meeting, Pa). We confirmed the known relationship between CD19 expression and t(8;21)-positive AML M2; in these cases, CD19 was detected with all three antibodies. We also found a unique pattern of CD19 expression in cases of AML with a substantial monocytic-monoblastic component. In 6 of 12 cases of AML M4 or M5, CD19 expression was evident only with the B4 (Lytic) antibody; CD19 expression was not observed using B4 89B or SJ25-C1. We did not observe any recurring chromosomal abnormalities in these cases of CD19-positive AML M4/M5; furthermore, none of these cases demonstrated a t(8;21). Using CD11b, CD14, and other myeloid markers, we found that AML M4 and AML M5 were characterized by dual populations of blasts. With the exception of a case of AML M4 eo, cases of AML M4 were associated with one population of blasts lacking both CD11b and CD14 and a second population with one or both of these antigens. Cases of AML M5 also had dual populations of blasts, but in contrast with AML M4, each population expressed CD11b, CD14, or both. Our findings suggest that specific immunophenotypic patterns, including the unique pattern of CD19 expression with the B4 (Lytic) monoclonal antibody, may prove useful in classifying cases of AML M4 and M5.
Experimental Validation of ARFI Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) Using Calibrated Infusions in a Tissue-Mimicking Model and Dogs.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) has been previously demonstrated to differentiate bleeding phenotype and responses to therapy in dogs and humans, but to date, the method has lacked experimental validation. This work explores experimental validation of ASSH in a poroelastic tissue-mimic and in vivo in dogs. The experimental design exploits calibrated flow rates and infusion durations of evaporated milk in tofu or heparinized autologous blood in dogs. The validation approach enables controlled comparisons of ASSH-derived bleeding rate (BR) and time to hemostasis (TTH) metrics. In tissue-mimicking experiments, halving the calibrated flow rate yielded ASSH-derived BRs that decreased by 44% to 48%. Furthermore, for calibrated flow durations of 5.0 minutes and 7.0 minutes, average ASSH-derived TTH was 5.2 minutes and 7.0 minutes, respectively, with ASSH predicting the correct TTH in 78% of trials. In dogs undergoing calibrated autologous blood infusion, ASS...
Lubricated Fretting Wear of Gradient Ultrafine-Grained Copper Induced by Burnishing

The surface of pure copper was repeatedly burnished by rollers using large loads,introducing the plastic deformation with different strain levels into the surface layer. The microstructure and grain distributions of a plastic deformation surface layer with the thickness of 150 μm at different depths were analyzed,and the microhardness was also measured. The results show that,a gradient ultrafine- grained(GUG) structure was induced on the surface layer of copper. The average grain size increased from 662 nm in the topmost surface to 94 μm in the matrix with the increasing depth. The hardness of the topmost surface increased by 45% than that of the matrix and gradually decreased with the increase of depth. The fretting wear properties of GUG Cu and the coarse- grained( CG) Cu were investigated at the SRV IV tribo-meter at room temperature. The results indicate that the friction coefficients of GUG Cu first decreased and then increased, which were consistent with that of CG Cu under large loads. The wear mechanism of GUG Cu was mainly abrasive wear but the main wear forms of CG Cu were abrasive wear and fatigue spalling accompanied by oxidation wear in some regions. The fretting wears resistance of GUG Cu increased by more than 10 times than that of CG Cu.
Postoperative Management of Unilateral RLN Paralysis

The most common cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction is iatrogenic injury, and recognition and management of RLN injury after surgery should be a part of the head and neck surgeon’s armamentarium. This chapter discusses the examination and workup of RLN injury, management of vocal fold paresis/paralysis, and interventions that can be offered to the patient in the postoperative setting.
Quenching of pH-Responsive Luminescence of a Benzoindolizine Sensor by an Ultrafast Hydrogen Shift.

Fluorescent-sensor design requires consideration of how photochemical dynamics control properties of a sensing state. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast net [1,3] H shift following excitation of a protonated methoxy benzoindolizine (bi) sensor in solution.These photochemical dynamics explain a quenched pH-responsive fluorescence shift and dramatically reduced fluorescence quantum yield relative to other (e.g. methyl) bi compounds that do not tautomerize. Calculations predict the energetic and structural feasibility for rearrangement in protonated bi compounds, such that interaction between the pi-network and strongly electron-donating methoxyl must lower the barrier for suprafacial H or H+ shift across an allylic moiety.As bi compounds broadly exhibit pH-responsive emission shifts, chemical interactions that modulate this electronic interaction and suppress tautomerization could be used to facilitate binding- or surface-specific acid-responsive sensing.
Properties and challenges of scaled resistive memory

Transition metal oxide resistive memory devices (RMDs) are a promising replacement for transistor-based non-volatile memory. Because of their vertical metal-insulator-metal design, resistive memory devices have the potential for smaller footprints and higher densities than their transistor counterparts. To fully realize the spatial and performance advantages of these devices, new integration pathways must be developed that are compatible with state-of-the-art CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) processing. Because there is a significant lack of information available in the open literature on the fabrication of nanoscale resistive memory devices, the objective of this work was to explore multiple process routes for fabricating these devices in a via-based platform that is transferable to current CMOS technology nodes.
Processions, Architecture, and the Space In-Between: Some Observations about Sculpted Moche Pottery

The focus of procession, in the ancient Andes and elsewhere, is generally on movement. A handful of Moche ceramic vessels, however, suggest that stasis was also an important part of processional activity. This article presents visual evidence from Moche ceramic vessels and Moche architectural remains to suggest that Moche artisans intentionally included references to pauses in ritual activity. These pauses are given tangible form on representations where two-dimensional processional movement intersects with three-dimensional architectural structures. Appearing as recessed or depressed spaces, they are located squarely in the boundary between processional movement and architectural destination.While these features, in both art and architecture, have been largely overlooked, their inclusion in Moche art indicates they had a decided function in Moche ritual activity. Their appearance in art and architecture alerts us to, as well as concretizes, an aspect of procession which is difficult to recognize in the a...
Investigation of light extraction efficiency comparison of AlGaN-based deep- and mid-ultraviolet flip-chip light-emitting diodes with patterned sapphire substrate

Nitride-based ultraviolet (UV) emitters have attracted substantial attentions for various applications due to compact sizes and higher energy efficiencies. Despite the remarkable improvement in external quantum efficiency (ηEQE) for near- UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs), typical ηEQE for planar mid- and deep-UV LEDs is still low (<10%). One of the primary reasons for such low ηEQE is the strong anisotropic emission due to dominant transverse-magnetic (TM)- polarized output in high Al-content AlGaN quantum wells (QWs) while conventional planar LED structure favors extracting light traveling along c-axis. Here, we investigated the polarization dependence light extraction efficiency (ηextraction) of AlGaN-based flip-chip UV LEDs emitting at 230 nm and 280 nm with microdome-shaped patterning on sapphire based on three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Our results show that microdome-shaped patterning on sapphire substrate is predominantly beneficial in enhancing TM-polarized output where up to 6.1-times and 2.4-times enhancement in TM-polarized ηextraction can be achieved for 230 nm and 280 nm flipchip UV LEDs with microdome-shaped patterned sapphire substrates respectively as compared to conventional flip-chip UV LEDs with flat sapphire substrates. In contrast, very minimal transverse-electric (TE)-polarized ηextraction enhancement (<1%) can be obtained from both 230 nm and 280 nm flip-chip UV LEDs with microdome-shaped patterned sapphire substrates. In particular, microdomes with diameter ≥ 200 nm for the investigated 280 nm UV LEDs are acting as reflector that severely limit light extraction through sapphire substrate. It is expected that this study will shed light on further optimizations of flip-chip UV LED designs for both deep-UV and mid-UV regimes.
Resource Allocation Strategies for Multizone Temperature Control

Abstract Resource allocation, a problem of increasing importance in control theory (Murray, 2003), involves splitting some quantity and dedicating appropriate proportions of it to optimize some quantity of interest. In “dynamic resource allocation,” allocations are inputs to dynamical system and its response determines the quality of the allocation. For this, feedback information is typically used to repeatedly reallocate resources so that a performance measure is maximized. In this paper we introduce an inexpensive multizone temperature control experiment (i.e., appropriate for a university laboratory) that is designed to study the development and evaluation of dynamic resource allocation strategies. Experimental data is shown to illustrate the challenges of the experiment and how a variety of resource allocation strategies behave in implementation.
Liesegang rings in renal cyst fluid

Peculiar ring-like structures identified as Liesegang rings (LRs) were found in renal cyst fluid from three patients with benign renal cysts. They ranged in size from 5 to 820 mu. Most had a double-layer outer wall with equally spaced radial cross-striations and an amorphous central nidus. Special stains were performed in one case, and the results are discussed. Reports of LRs in cystic or inflamed tissues have recently appeared in the literature. Some LRs have been mistaken for eggs or mature components of the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale. We propose that cytologic assessment of renal cyst fluid in conjunction with histologic examination decreases the likelihood of misdiagnosis of LRs.
ON PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

This chapter analyzes periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems of ordinary differential equations. The study of the existence of periodic solutions of general Hamiltonian systems has mainly focused on two questions: (1) solutions having a prescribed energy and (2) solutions having a prescribed period. The chapter discusses the fixed energy case. It considers a Hamiltonian system p ˙ = − H q ( p , q ) and q ˙ = H p ( p , q ), where “˙” denotes d/dt and H p , H q denote the partial derivatives of H with respect to p and q . Setting z = ( p , q ) the equation is rewritten as z = JH z ( z ). The chapter highlights and discusses the work done by Seifert and Weinstein in this field.
Immunology of Glomerulonephritis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the immunology of glomerulonephritis. Two immunopathogenetic mechanisms were shown to operate in human glomerulonephritis. The first of these was based on the production by the patient of antibodies capable of reacting with his glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen(s) and accounted for somewhat more than 5% of human glomerulonephritis. The second depended upon the patients' production of antibodies capable of reacting with nonglomerular antigen(s) in the circulation with resultant formation of circulating antigen–antibody complexes which were subsequently trapped in the glomerular capillary walls (immune complex glomerulonephritis). This mechanism appeared to be involved in most of the non-anti-GBM forms of immunologic glomerulonephritis. Either of these processes serves to concentrate an antigen–antibody reaction in the glomeruli where it may induce inflammation, that is, glomerulonephritis. Where some degree of quantitation is possible, the amount of glomerular injury appears to be directly related to the quantity of the antigen–antibody reaction and to the quality of the antibody involved.
Public Entrepreneurship: A Contradiction in Terms?

(1997). Public Entrepreneurship: A Contradiction in Terms? Korean Review of Public Administration: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 125-139.
Behavior-Analytic Considerations of Alternative Clinical Approaches

The illuminating chapters in this volume indicate the tremendous variance in approach to the phenomenon of resistance. In the behavior-analytic approach, we attempt to operationalize clinical phenomena and thereby develop a formulation to: (1) label the behaviors in need of modification; (2) identify the precise cause—effect relationships in terms of etiology and current manifestation; (3) label resistant or antitherapeutic behaviors; (4) predict resistant behaviors; and (5) devise a conceptualization to guide the therapist in reacting to and averting these behaviors. In our view, the behavior-analytic approach to resistance is considerably different from the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches presented; we will address ourselves to some of these differences.
Preventing Over Treatment through Smart Health Technologies

The cost of cancer care in the U.S. was $125 billion in 2010 and is projected to increase to $175 billion by 2020. Total spending on cancer care is driven by the cost to treat an individual patient and the number of patients treated. For example, sipuleucel-T, a novel immuno- therapy for metastatic prostate cancer, was found to improve survival by several months in a population of patients with few proven options. However, its cost was more than $100,000 per patient for a three-dose course of treatment. While, regulatory reform and preclinical innovations have the potential reduce the high cost of developing cancer therapies, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies that will allow the cancer patient to pay less and expect more within the cancer care continuum. A combination of innovative health care delivery models and technologies are needed to overhaul the unwieldy costs of cancer care in the 21st century. Two key drivers that increase the use of cancer therapeutics is under utilization and/or limited access to cancer prevention and overutilization of treatment owing to a lack of insight into who will benefit least and most likely from treatment.
Acoustic Emission for In-Process Monitoring and Microstructure Control?

Acoustic emissions are the elastic waves emitted by sudden localized changes of stress by, for example, the formation of cracks, plasticity, and phase transformations. It is beginning to be considered a potential in-process monitoring technique for quality and productivity improvement as a sensor for closed loop feedback control systems. Applications of the technique are held back because of its complicated nature and because the signals are controlled rather subtly by microstructure. In this review we describe the theoretical framework that has begun to emerge and which now provides a physical understanding of acoustic emission. We then reconsider the results of laboratory studies and recent applications to assess, in the light of this understanding, the contribution acoustic emission methods might make toward in-process monitoring and microstructure control during metals processing.
Hilbert Spaces Induced by Toeplitz Covariance Kernels

We consider the reproducing kernel Hilbert space H μ induced by a kernel which is obtained using the Fourier-Stieltjes transform of a regular, positive, finite Borel measure μ on a locally compact abelian topological group Γ. Denote by G the dual of Γ. We determine H μ as a certain subspace of the space C o(G) of all continuous function on G vanishing at infinity. Our main application is calculating the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces induced by the Toeplitz covariance kernels of some well-known stochastic processes.
Device characteristics of long term electronic cigarette users: A follow-up study.

Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarette (e-cig) device characteristics affect use but few studies have evaluated the types of devices commonly used or how users transition between devices. This study examines e-cig device usage patterns and explores the relationship between device transitions and continued use. Methods E-cig users completed an online survey from 2012 to 2015 about their e-cig use, preferred device, and preferences and were followed-up via an emailed survey in January 2017. Continuing users were those reporting any e-cig use in the past 30 days at both time points while stoppers reported no use at follow-up. Means, frequencies, and Chi-square tests were used as appropriate to describe the sample, the transition between devices, and differences between groups. Results The sample was 83.6% (n = 511) continuers and 16.3% (n = 100) stoppers. At follow-up, most continuers had transitioned to using more advanced devices like mods (62.6%) with variable voltage (67.7%) and/or wattage (76.8%) and with a tank system (78.6%). Nicotine concentration decreased by half from baseline to follow-up (p Conclusion The majority of e-cig users continued exclusive e-cig use over 3+ years and were likely to transition to devices with more advanced characteristics like variable voltage and to reduce the nicotine concentration of their liquid. Baseline cigalike users were the most likely to stop e-cig use at follow-up.
Outcomes in metastatic cancer patients who develop spinal cord compression.

6538Background: Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is one of the dreaded complications of cancer. Early recognition and intervention is crucial for favorable outcomes. A database with nation...
Behavioral Medicine and the Benefits of Healthcare: A Critical Appraisal and the Need for Exnovation

Background: The United States spends significantly more money on healthcare per capita than any other country. However, health outcomes in the United States tend to be poorer than for other wealthy countries. Among a number of contributors to this imbalance, the United States uses many expensive services that may not affect health outcomes. The science of dissemination and implementation emphasizes uptake of evidence-based tests and interventions in clinical or public health practice. If based on research in atypical settings or findings about single endpoints rather than overall mortality, morbidity, and quality of life, deployment may fail to meet expectations. Nevertheless, rapid deployment of innovation is typically emphasized. An alternative goal for dissemination and implementation science is the systematic removal of services that are not supported by evidence.
Enhancing Raman lasers with single molecule monolayers

As a result of their ability to amplify input light, ultra-high quality factor (Q) whispering gallery mode optical resonators fabricated from silica have demonstrated extremely low threshold Raman lasing behavior. However, the efficiency of the lasing has been poor due to the intrinsic low Raman gain of silica (~5%). By grafting oriented monolayers of highly nonlinear organic small molecules to the surface of conventional silica whispering gallery mode optical resonators, we demonstrate a new strategy for fabricating Raman lasers. The laser efficiency is improved from 4% to over 40%. Density functional theory is performed to understand the mechanism giving rise to the improvement. This chemistry-based approach could be applied to nearly any whispering gallery mode cavity geometry to improve performance, providing a universal strategy for device performance improvement.
Fundamentals of resist stochastics effect for single-expose EUV patterning

As the industry looks to extend single-expose extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, stochastic effects become a significant concern to enable yield, for both trench and via levels. Multiple previously-published reports have shown a strong tradeoff between resist sensitivity and observed stochastic defectivity. However, the limits of this trade-off between improving stochastics-related defects with a higher dose resist remains to be understood. How strongly does the resist formulation itself contribute to stochastics, or is it a purely dosedriven effect? In this paper, we perform a systematic evaluations of resist component variants to determine the relative effects of photon shot noise induced stochastics vs material stochastics. Material contributions are probed through formulation component and reaction kinetics changes. The defectivity at post-exposure and post-etch are correlated to electrical yield to validate the evaluation. The effect of material and dose contribution to defectivity process window enables to highlight the significant and challenging task of addressing material stochastics that can be convoluted with photon shot noise.
Abstract P6-18-13: Identification of optimal combination therapy partners for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor in triple negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive subtypes, accounts for 10-15% of all breast cancer cases and is characterized by a lack of hormone receptors with a low overall survival rate. Due to the heterogeneity nature of this disease, the absence of validated molecular targets makes it unresponsive to conventional therapies. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in TNBC, but single agent therapy is commonly subject to resistance. The goal of this study is to identify the genes that can be targeted to enhance the efficacy of mTOR inhibitor TAK228, an agent that is being investigated as a treatment for advanced solid tumors, in TNBC with PI3K pathway activation. We utilized an in vivo pooled barcoded shRNA library screening to determine the genes that have the potential to be used as TAK228 synthetic lethal partners. Using deep sequencing analysis of the shRNA profiles, we identified several genes whose loss of function conferred synthetic lethality in the presence of TAK228. We found that targeting the candidate genes (WEE1, BMX and MAPK15) with their inhibitors (AZD1775, Ibrutinib and Sunitinib) did not significantly affect the viability, however combination treatment of these agents with TAK228 induced a robust growth inhibition and demonstrated a significant synergy in MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Investigating the activation of relevant survival signaling pathways will further elucidate the mechanism of synthetic lethal interaction. These observations provide a promising rational strategy for the treatment of TNBC with PI3K pathway aberration. Citation Format: Shariati M, Paez-Arango N, Bristow CA, Evans KW, Peoples MD, Carugo A, Heffernan TP, Meric-Bernstam F. Identification of optimal combination therapy partners for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-18-13.
Differential Effects of Afferent and Efferent Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Gastric Motility Assessed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Background Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging bioelectronic therapy for regulating food intake and controlling gastric motility. However, the functional impact of different VNS parameters on postprandial gastric motility remains incompletely characterized. Moreover, while most studies focused on stimulating the motor limb (i.e. efferent VNS) of the vagovagal circuitry, the contribution of electrically activating the reflex arc of the circuitry (i.e. afferent VNS) to downstream control of gastric function has seldom been investigated. Methods Here, we used dynamic gastric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess antropyloric motility in anesthetized rats during which VNS was applied to the left cervical vagus. The configuration of VNS was varied in terms of directionality (i.e. afferent, efferent or combined afferent and efferent VNS) as well as parameter settings (i.e. pulse amplitude, pulse width, and frequency). The motility measurements were computed using a previously developed computer-assisted image processing pipeline. Key Results We found that electrical activation that favored the afferent pathway could promote gastric motility and coordination more effectively than direct activation of the efferent pathway. A reduction in antral contraction amplitude and pyloric tone under high-dose efferent VNS highlighted the inhibitory role of the efferent vagovagal circuitry. Conclusions & Inferences This study demonstrated the direct and reflex gastric responses to cervical VNS measured with MRI. Our findings suggest that selective stimulation of vagal afferents is potentially more favorable than stimulation of vagal efferents in facilitating coordinated antropyloric motility. Key Points Vagus nerve stimulation is emerging as a new bioelectronic therapy for remedying gastric symptoms. However, the effects of graded VNS settings and directionality preferences of VNS on gastric functions remain incompletely characterized. Dynamic gastric MRI revealed that electrical activation of the afferent pathway could promote antropyloric motility more effectively than direct activation of the efferent pathway. MRI can noninvasively characterize post-prandial gastric motility with high spatial and temporal resolution that could be used to guide the selection of VNS settings.
Diseases Caused by Nocardia Species

Nocardiais a genus of true bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales. Most documented cases of human disease from this heterogeneous order are from a subgroup known as the “aerobic nocardioform actinomycetes”, which includes the corynebacteria and mycobacteria, as well as Nocardia. The members of this subgroup have in common the presence of mycolic acids in their cell walls …