cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capitalistic organization and national response: Social dynamics in the age of Schumpeter

Abstract In retrospect from the present, the period 1920–1940, bracketed between two catastrophic wars, appears also as one of unusual economic disturbance in the advanced countries and in the world economy. This paper seeks to go behind the incidents, personalities and flimsy policy structures of these decades, and to root both the economic and the political catastrophes in the growing nationalism of Western countries after 1870. That cultural and political development in turn is seen to be derived from a misfit between expanding international and large-scale capitalist production organization and the basic economic interests and social identity of many groups and classes in the European nations. Conditions in European and world economic organization since World War II are considered briefly in this light.
The beaver meadow complex revisited – the role of beavers in post-glacial floodplain development

We evaluate the validity of the beaver-meadow complex hypothesis, used to explain the deposition of extensive fine sediment in broad, low-gradient valleys. Previous work establishes that beaver damming forms wet meadows with multi-thread channels and enhanced sediment storage, but the long-term geomorphic effects of beaver are unclear. We focus on two low-gradient broad valleys, Beaver Meadows and Moraine Park, in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA). Both valleys experienced a dramatic decrease in beaver population in the past century and provide an ideal setting for determining whether contemporary geomorphic conditions and sedimentation are within the historical range of variability of valley bottom processes. We examine the geomorphic significance of beaver-pond sediment by determining the rates and types of sedimentation since the middle Holocene and the role of beaver in driving floodplain evolution through increased channel complexity and fine sediment deposition. Sediment analyses from cores and cutbanks indicate that 33–50% of the alluvial sediment in Beaver Meadows is ponded and 28–40% was deposited in-channel; in Moraine Park 32–41% is ponded sediment and 40–52% was deposited in-channel. Radiocarbon ages spanning 4300 years indicate long-term aggradation rates of ~0.05 cm yr-1. The observed highly variable short-term rates indicate temporal heterogeneity in aggradation, which in turn reflects spatial heterogeneity in processes at any point in time. Channel complexity increases directly downstream of beaver dams. The increased complexity forms a positive feedback for beaver-induced sedimentation; the multi-thread channel increases potential channel length for further damming, which increases the potential area occupied by beaver ponds and the volume of fine sediment trapped. Channel complexity decreased significantly as surveyed beaver population decreased. Beaver Meadows and Moraine Park represent settings where beaver substantially influence post-glacial floodplain aggradation. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the historical range of variability of valley bottom processes, and implications for environmental restoration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of PDE4 Pathway Inhibition in Rat Experimental Stroke

PURPOSE: The first genomewide association study indicated that variations in the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene confer risk for ischemic stroke. However, inconsistencies among the studies designed to replicate the findings indicated the need for further investigation to elucidate the role of the PDE4 pathway in stroke pathogenesis. Hence, we studied the effect of global inhibition of the PDE4 pathway in two rat experimental stroke models, using the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. Further, the specific role of the PDE4D isoform in ischemic stroke pathogenesis was studied using PDE4D knockout rats in experimental stroke. METHODS: Rats were subjected to either the ligation or embolic stroke model and treated with rolipram (3mg/kg; i.p.) prior to the ischemic insult. Similarly, the PDE4D knockout rats were subjected to experimental stroke using the embolic model. RESULTS: Global inhibition of the PDE4 pathway using rolipram produced infarcts that were 225% (p<0.01) and 138% (p<0.05) of control in the ligation and embolic models, respectively. PDE4D knockout rats subjected to embolic stroke showed no change in infarct size compared to wild-type control. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increase in infarct size after global inhibition of the PDE4 pathway with rolipram, specific inhibition of the PDE4D isoform had no effect on experimental stroke. These findings support a role for the PDE4 pathway, independent of the PDE4D isoform, in ischemic stroke pathogenesis. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Biogenic silica standing stock and export in the Santa Barbara Channel ecosystem

[1] Time-series datasets of surface-water biogenic silica (bSiO2) and deep-water bSiO2 export in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC) allow for elucidation of the important scales of spatial and temporal variability and an evaluation of potential controlling mechanisms. Changes in local upwelling strength is the most important factor controlling seasonal variations for the surface bSiO2 dataset and accounts for ~65% of the variance. bSiO2 export is also highly seasonal; however, the maximum export is generally offset from the bSiO2 standing stock maximum by 0.5–2 months, and export is enhanced for a longer period than is surface biomass. Strong cross-channel gradients in surface [bSiO2] occur during periods of elevated bSiO2 and account for ~13% of the variability in standing stocks; these gradients appear to be sustained by a combination of both local (cyclonic flow in the western SBC) and nonlocal (advection of water into the SBC) processes. Since 2000, a significant linear decline in water-column-integrated bSiO2 has occurred concurrent with a significant increase in bSiO2 export. During this same period, phytoplankton biomass and net primary production increased in the general California Current. Coupling our results with previous studies supports the idea that a significant amount of the exported bSiO2 caught in 540 m sediment traps originates outside the SBC, and variability is driven by both local and the broader California Current Ecosystem effects. However, we cannot rule out a significant role for local episodic events in stimulating production of rapidly settling particles.
Problem Solving Performance of Maintenance Trainees in a Fault Diagnosis Task

Forty trainees in an FAA certificate program participated in an experimental study of trouble-shooting of graphically displayed networks. The effects of network size, computer aiding, and training ...
Toward A New Model for Promoting Urban Children's Mental Health: Accessible, Effective, and Sustainable School-Based Mental Health Services.

A program of research related to school-based models for urban children's mental health is described, with a particular focus on improving access to services, promoting children's functioning, and ...
Acoustic Emission During Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking

The physical and chemical processes taking place during intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC), in particular the effects of impurities on cracking mechanisms, have been the subjects of a research program sponsored by the Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, U. S. Department of Energy at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), operated by Battelle Memorial Institute. Acoustic emission (AE) was brought into the program because of the unique ability of AE methods to detect dynamic microscopic fracture processes. In this paper, the results of these tests are presented.
An interpolation approach to multiobjective H/sub /spl infin// design

A problem of practical importance is to find a linear controller that shapes the closed loop frequency responses in some desirable fashion. When the magnitude of the target shapes are specified, this problem may be cast as that of finding a controller such that several H/sub /spl infin// norms satisfy prespecified bounds. In this paper we show that under suitable assumptions on the plant under control, an exact solution to this multiobjective problem H/sub /spl infin// problem can be obtained. The method we propose requires the solution to: (1) a finite dimensional convex program, and (2) a standard single objective H/sub /spl infin// problem for a suitably constructed auxiliary plant. We illustrate the results using a numerical example. The example shows that the conventional approach of lumping the individual objectives into a single H/sub /spl infin// objective may be unduly conservative when compared with an exact solution to the multiobjective H/sub /spl infin// problem. >
Effects of sucralfate and ranitidine on aluminum concentrations in elderly volunteers

Elevated aluminum concentrations have been implicated in several disease states in the elderly. We examined the effects of sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate, and ranitidine, administered individually and in combination, on plasma and urine aluminum concentrations in the elderly in a prospective, randomized, three-arm crossover study. Subjects were 20 healthy volunteers over age 65 years, with no clinically significant comorbidities or recent use of aluminum-containing drugs or histamine (H)2-antagonists. The three regimens were ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime, sucralfate 1 g 4 times/day, and ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime plus sucralfate 1 g 4 times/day, administered for 4 weeks, with a washout period of at least 1 week between regimens. Plasma and urine aluminum concentrations were measured on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 of each regimen. After 28 days, mean plasma aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in subjects receiving sucralfate alone (8.5 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L) and sucralfate plus ranitidine (5.1 +/- 1.3 micrograms/L) compared with those receiving ranitidine alone (2.4 +/- 0.7 micrograms/L). Urine aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in subjects receiving sucralfate alone (133.2 +/- 32.8 micrograms/g creatinine) and sucralfate plus ranitidine (148.1 +/- 51.9 micrograms/g creatinine) compared with those receiving ranitidine alone (11.0 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g creatinine). There was no significant difference in plasma or urine aluminum concentrations between subjects who received sucralfate alone versus those who received sucralfate plus ranitidine. Sucralfate 4 g/day in elderly subjects produces a significant increase in both plasma and urine aluminum concentrations, compared with ranitidine 300 mg/day. This increase most likely is secondary to gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum in the sucralfate formulation. The clinical relevance of this increase requires further evaluation.
Transmission Welding of Glass by Femtosecond Laser: Mechanism and Fracture Strength

Femtosecond laser pulses were focused on the interface of two glass specimens. Proper use of optical and laser processing parameters enables transmission welding. The morphology of the weld cross section was studied using differential interference contrast optical microscopy. In addition, a numerical model was developed to predict the absorption volumes of femtosecond laser pulses inside a transparent material. The model takes into account the temporal and spatial characteristics and propagation properties of the laser beam, and the transmission welding widths were subsequently compared with the absorption widths predicted by the model. The model can lead to the achievement of a desirable weld shape through understanding the effects of laser pulse energy and numerical aperture on the shape of the absorption volume. The changes in mechanical properties of the weld seams were studied through spatially resolved nanoindentation, and indentation fracture analysis was used to investigate the strength of the weld seams.
On the limit in the equivalence between heteroscedastic regression and filtering model

Abstract The fact that signal-in-noise filtering model can serve as a prototype for nonparametric regression is well known and it is widely used in the nonparametric curve estimation theory. So far the only known examples showing that the equivalence may not hold have been about homoscedastic regressions where regression functions have the smoothness index at most 1 2 . As a result, the possibility of a nonequivalence and its consequences have been widely ignored in the literature by assuming that an underlying regression function is smooth enough, for instance, it is differentiable. This note presents another interesting example of a nonequivalence. It is shown that, regardless of how many times the regression function is assumed to be differentiable, it is always possible to find a heteroscedastic regression model that is nonequivalent to the corresponding filtering model. As a result, the statistician should be vigilant in using filtering models for the analysis of heteroscedastic regressions.
Examining the Effects of Family and School Social Capital on Delinquent Behavior

In this article we evaluate and compare the effects of social capital at home and social capital at school on the frequency of involvement in delinquent behavior in the previous year. Using data from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, 1994–95; N = 8,100), a nationally representative survey of youth in the United States, we find that social sources of capital in the family exert a stronger negative influence on delinquency than school-based sources of capital, net the effects of other common correlates of this type of adolescent behavior.
Sleep Aid Use During and Following Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Background: Knowledge of sleep aid use is limited despite the high prevalence of insomnia among women before, during, and following breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy treatments (CTX). This study's purpose was to (1) determine the frequency and characteristics of participants taking sleep aid(s); (2) identify the frequency and percentage of sleep aid use by category (prescription sedative/hypnotics, prescription anti-depressants, prescription analgesics, prescription anti-emetics, over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, OTC cold/flu/sinus, OTC sleep, alcohol, and herbal supplements); and (3) compare sleep aid use by category in the experimental and control groups within a randomized-controlled clinical trial (RCT). Methods: Longitudinal, descriptive, secondary RCT data analysis of women (n=219) receiving out-patient CTX, and at 30, 60, and 90 days following the last CTX and 1 year following CTX1. Participants recorded daily sleep aid use on a Sleep Diary. Analyses included descriptives, chi-square, and RM-ANOVA. Results: Approximately 20% of participants took at least one sleep aid before CTX1; usage decreased over time (12–18%); a second sleep aid was used infrequently. Prescription sedative/hypnotics (46%) and OTC analgesics (24%) were used most frequently. OTC sleep aids were most commonly used as a second aid. Prescription sedative/hypnotics [F(7,211)=4.26, p=0.00] and OTC analgesics [F(7,211)=2.38, p=0.023] use decreased significantly over time. Conclusions: Results reflect the natural course of CTX, recovery, and healing. Comprehensive screening for sleep–wake disturbances and sleep aid use may lead to a better understanding of the risks and benefits of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, and ultimately lead to selection of the safest and most effective treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a Semiotic of Screen Media: Problems in the Use of Linguistic Models.

Using language as a model for discovering the codes that govern the assembly of images in film and television holds out the promise of discovering the grammar that controls the interaction of viewers with the screen. This study examines whether linguistic models can be transferred wholesale into media studies, and cautions that important differences between language and screen media make the transference difficult. A linguistic approach raises interesting questions, however, about media literacy and whether screen media may have important perceptual and cognitive effects.
Discovering graphic analogies through the use of genetic algorithms

Researchers have studied graphic analogies from a wide range of disciplines and have perceived them in different ways. However, to represent analogy-making in computer simulations was not sought after until 1968 by a programmer by the name of Thomas Evans. His implementation was more or less a traditional way of viewing analogy-making decisions. The goal of my research is to first introduce an algorithm called Genetic Algorithm (GA) and from there give insight on how I went about developing a system that uses a GA to solve the analogy-making problem.
Semi-optimal bases for linear dependencies

Let A be an m × n matrix of real or complex numbers, and let μ. be a given constant ≥ 1. If A has rank m, it is possible to choose m columns of A such that, if B is the m × m matrix formed by these m columns, all entries of B −1 A are less than or equal to μ in absolute value. Moreover, if μ > 1, it is possible to find m such columns in a number of steps that is polynomial in m and n and inversely proportional to log μ.
Inelastic demand for southern goods, international demonstration effects, and uneven development

Abstract This paper examines a model of trade between a rich North and a poor South to consider the implications of the income inelasticity of demand for Southern goods and international demonstration effects for international economic development. Defining uneven development to mean a sustained increase in the ratio of Northern to Southern capital, the possibility and the conditions for its occurrence for these reasons, and its relation to the deterioration of the Southern terms of trade are examined.
Dynamics of Systems of Two Close Planets

Abstract In connection with the study of newly formed protoplanetary embryos in the early Solar System, we study the dynamics of a pair of interacting planets orbiting a Sun. By examining the topological stability of the three-body problem, one finds that for initially circular planetary orbits the system will be Hill stable (that is, stable against close approaches for all time) if the fractional orbital separation Δ > 2.4(μ 1 + μ 2 ) 1/3 , where μ 1 and μ 2 are the mass ratios of the two planets to the Sun. The validity of this stability condition is supported by numerical integrations. The chaotic dynamics of these systems is investigated. A region of bound chaos exterior to the Hill-stable zone is demonstrated. The implications for planetary accretion, the current Solar System, and the pulsar planet system PSR 1257 + 12, are discussed.
'As Soon As They Fire One Of Us, They Hire One O' Them': Ethnic Succession in a St. Louis Sweatshop

The garment industry has been aptly described as a "quintessentially immigrant industry.” Garment firms have relied heavily on "cheap" labor to ensure low production costs—and more often than not this cheap labor has translated into immigrant labor. While cheap labor has tended to connote tolerance for both low wages and substandard working conditions, more emphasis has been placed on the former in the literature. Based on 11 weeks of participantobservation in a St. Louis garment factory, this article deals with the interim of ethnic succession from the perspective of the marginalized, "established" sector. Here the emphasis will be placed upon how the maintenance of substandard working conditions appears to be equally dependent on a work force with few employment alternatives and represents the last vestige available to the dependent-sector firm attempting to minimize production costs through the hiring of new immigrants, [sweatshop, working conditions, ethnic succession, marginalized labor]
The stoichiometry of metal assisted etching (MAE) of Si in V2O5 + HF and HOOH + HF solutions

Abstract The metals Ag, Au, Pd and Pt were deposited as nanoparticles onto H-terminated Si(100) wafers and single crystal Si chunks to act as catalysts for electroless etching induced by the presence of a strong oxidant in HF(aq). This process is known as metal assisted etching (MAE). Aqueous solutions of V 2 O 5 + HF and HOOH + HF were investigated. The stoichiometry of MAE in V 2 O 5 + HF solutions depended on the chemical identity of the metal. The stoichiometry when etching with Ag and Au was the same as previously determined for electroless Si etching in V 2 O 5 + HF solutions in the absence of a metal catalyst. With Pd and Pt nanoparticles the stoichiometry is significantly different, consuming more V 2 O 5 and producing less H 2 per mole of Si etched. This indicates that the metal catalyst changes the mechanism of etching, implicating the polarization induced by the metal nanoparticle in the etch mechanism. Etching in V 2 O 5 + HF was well behaved and gave consistently reproducible kinetic results. In contrast, we were unable to obtain well-behaved stoichiometries for HOOH + HF solutions. This is related to heightened sensitivity on reaction conditions compared to the V 2 O 5 system as well as nonlinearities introduced by side reactions.
General iterative method of restoring linearly degraded images

A generalized iterative restoration algorithm for linearly degraded images is presented, based on the singular value decomposition of the degradation operator. Covergence of the algorithm is accelerated by imposing constraints on the solution. Realizations of the restoration algorithm for various types of degradation are presented, and the analogy to a modified version of the method by Gerchberg [ Opt. Acta21, 709 ( 1974)] and Papoulis [ IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.CAS-22, 735 ( 1975)] is discussed. Results from computer-simulated images are given, and the effects of noise on the restored images are considered. The performance of the algorithm is found to be superior to that of pseudoinverse techniques.
Decreased inhibin B secretion is associated with the monotropic FSH rise in older, ovulatory women: a study of serum and follicular fluid levels of dimeric inhibin A and B in spontaneous menstrual cycles.

This study sought to compare circulating and follicular fluid (FF) concentrations of dimeric inhibin A and B utilizing specific two-site ELISAs for these hormones in normal older and younger ovulatory women. METHODS. Normally ovulating women age 40-45 (n = 10) and 20-25 (n = 13) were studied throughout the follicular phase with daily blood sampling, transvaginal ultrasound examinations, and dominant follicle aspiration. When the dominant follicle reached a mean diameter of 16 mm or serum estradiol (E2) was > or = 550 pmol/L, 10,000 IU of hCG was administered intramuscularly followed 32 hours later by transvaginal follicle aspiration. Serum and FF samples were analyzed for E2, FSH, and inhibin A and B. Daily hormone levels were compared by ANOVA, and mean results were compared using t-tests. RESULTS:Older women developed a dominant follicle sooner, meeting criteria for hCG cycle day 10.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 14.5 +/- 1.0 p < 0.001. As expected, the older group had higher maximal serum FSH concentrations compared to...
Aluminum-matrix composites with embedded Ni-Ti wires by ultrasonic consolidation

[Smart Vehicle Workshop] This paper presents the development of active aluminum-matrix composites manufactured by Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), an emerging rapid prototyping process based on ultrasonic metal welding. Composites created through UAM experience process temperatures as low as 20°C, in contrast to current metal-matrix fabrication processes which require fusion of materials and hence reach temperatures of 500°C and above. UAM thus creates unprecedented opportunities to develop adaptive structures with seamlessly embedded smart materials and electronic components without degrading the properties that make embedding these materials and components attractive. This research focuses on three aspects of developing UAM Ni-Ti/Al composites which have not been accomplished before: (i) Characterization of the mechanical properties of the composite matrix; (ii) Investigation of Ni-Ti/Al composites as tunable stiffness materials and as strain sensors based on the shape memory effect; and (iii) Development of constitutive models for UAM Ni-Ti/Al composites. The mechanical characterization shows an increase in tensile strength of aluminum UAM builds over the parent material (Al 3003-H18), likely due to grain refinement caused by the UAM process. We demonstrate the ability to embed Ni-Ti wires up to 203 μm in diameter in an aluminum matrix, compared with only 100 μm in previous studies. The resulting Ni-Ti/Al UAM composites have cross sectional area ratios of up to 13.4% Ni-Ti. These composites exhibit a change in stiffness of 6% and a resistivity change of -3% when the Ni- Ti wires undergo martensite to austenite transformation. The Ni-Ti area ratios and associated strength of the shape memory effect are expected to increase as the UAM process becomes better understood and is perfected. The Brinson constitutive model for shape memory transformations is used to describe the stiffness and the strain sensing of Ni-Ti/Al composites in response to temperature changes.
Population Dynamics of Heliothis virescens and H. zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Imperial Valley of California

Seasonal population densities of Heliothis virescens (F.) and H. zea (Boddie) in the Imperial Valley of California were determined by pheromone-baited trap catches and by egg and larval densities in alfalfa, cotton, and lettuce. Moth populations were present from March to December; low densities during winter and early summer corresponded to conditions favoring winter diapause and summer estivation, respectively. The relative importance of each host in supporting moth populations varied seasonally. The dominant species in alfalfa was H. zea , whereas H. virescens was dominant in cotton and lettuce. The highest population of H. zea in alfalfa occurred in late spring and late summer, in cotton during early summer, and in lettuce during October. The highest populations of H. virescens in alfalfa were found during October, in cotton from July through October, and in lettuce from October through December. Populations in alfalfa and cotton were greater in commercial fields than pesticide-free untreated fields, whereas lettuce populations were greater in untreated fields. Larval mortality from parasitoids and viruses was infrequent except in alfalfa during late spring and early summer.
Elasticity of demand for barged corn shipments on the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway

Qualitative evidence is presented to contend that the predominant response of waterway grain shippers on the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway to increases in barge shipping costs is most likely to be modal shift. Even so, modal shift faces serious constraints, moderating its ability to substitute for barges as waterway shipping costs rise. In addition, empirically derived estimates of demand price elasticities for barge transport are offered on four reaches of the river system. The elasticities are moderately inelastic, ranging from -0.7 to -0.3.
Land of Strangers

Ash Amin. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press, 2012. viii and 205 pp., bibliography, index. $64.95 cloth (ISBN 9780745652177); $22.95 e-book (ISBN 9780745652184).In the context of the constant mixing and u...
Single-atom detection with lasers

A brief review is given to the resonance-fluorescence and resonance-ionization methods of atom detection and velocity measurement. The possibility of detecting quarks is discussed.(AIP)
Socially embedded cognition

Material facts about the arrangement of supermarkets and the design of churches, as well as rules of evidence and other social practices, play a critical role in structuring everyday human cognition. This much is hard to deny. I argue that such insights are best accommodated by a view that treats human beings as socially embedded agents that exploit the material aspects of their normatively rich environment. Further, I argue that a socially embedded approach to cognition is preferable to Gallagher's socially extended approach.
Heterotelechelic polymers for capture and release of protein–polymer conjugates

A heterotelechelic biotin-maleimide polymer containing a cleavable disulfide bond was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and used to reversibly modify surfaces with proteins.
Solution to indeterminate multipoint impact with frictional contact using constraints

This work presents a method for determining the post-impact behavior of a rigid body undergoing multiple, simultaneous impact with friction. A discrete algebraic model is used with an event-driven function which finds impact events. In this work, the indeterminate nature of the equations of motion encountered at impact is examined. Velocity constraints are developed based on the rigid body assumption to address the equations and an impact law is used to determine the impulsive forces. The slip-state of each impact point is then determined and appropriate methods are used to resolve the post-impact velocities. These techniques are applied to a 3-D model of a ball which is forced to impact a corner between the ground and two wall planes. Additionally, a rocking block example is considered. Simulations are presented for 2-D and 3-D cases of the ball example, and a 2-D model of the rocking block problem to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Health insurance coverage of Hispanic adults: An assessment of subgroup difference and the impact of immigration

Abstract This research explores the health insurance coverage of various Hispanic subgroups in comparison to non-Hispanic whites and blacks. The impact of immigration status is also considered as we hypothesize that nativity, duration, and naturalization tap a possible process of structural acculturation that increases access to insurance coverage for Hispanic groups. We find that the immigration variables impact the type of insurance reported. However, race/ethnic disparities continue to exist, with the various Hispanic subgroups more likely to report miscellaneous government health insurance or no health insurance coverage as compared to non-Hispanic whites.
PROBLEMS WITH THE PAIRED t FORMULA IN SOME INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS BOOKS

Six different formulas for the paired t were found in introductory statistics books. Five are correct. An example shows how using the incorrect formula can result in the wrong research conclusion.
The GABA transporter GAT1 and the MAGUK protein Pals1: interaction, uptake modulation, and coexpression in the brain

GABAergic signaling in the CNS is terminated in part through uptake of GABA by GABA transporters. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that associate with the carboxy-terminus of the neuronal GABA transporter GAT1. We found an interaction between GAT1 and the MAGUK protein Pals1. When coexpressed in COS-7 cells, Pals1 co-immunoprecipitates with GAT1. We demonstrate cellular coexpression of GAT1 and Pals1 in the mouse hippocampus and striatum. Functionally, coexpression of GAT1 and Pals1 in COS-7 cells increases [3H]-GABA uptake by GAT1. The mechanism underlying increased uptake is increased levels of GAT1 protein. We hypothesize that Pals1 contributes to the stability of the GAT1, thus promoting the expression level of the transporter protein. In the CNS, Pals1 may stabilize GAT1 at appropriate levels in specific GABAergic neurons.
Drug effects on nucleic acid modification. I. A specific effect of 5-azacytidine on mammalian transfer RNA methylation invivo

Abstract Administration of the potent antineoplastic agent, 5-azacytidine (1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-4-amino- s -triazine-2 (1 H )-one), to mice causes a marked reduction of the 5-methylcytidine content of liver transfer RNA. This effect is dose-dependent and specific for the methylation of the 5-position of cytidine; the drug has no effect on 3-methylcytidine, 4-acetylcytidine, 5-methyluridine, dihydrouridine, pseudouridine, and modified purines. The mechanism of this effect has not yet been elucidated but probably involves the selective inhibition of 5-methylcytosine methyltransferase(s) by 5-azacytidine itself or its metabolites. The results presented show that the modified constituents of nucleic acids provide potential targets for chemotherapeutic agents.
Role of filter-feeding in the nutritional biology of a deep-sea mussel with methanotrophic symbionts

The ability of an undescribed deep-sea hydrocarbon-seep mussel which contains endosymbiotic methanotrophic bacteria to clear, ingest, and assimilate radiolabeled bacteria (Vibrio pelagicus andEscherichia coli) and algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta) was compared with that of the bay musselMytilus edulis. The seep mussel, collected in August 1987 from the Louisana Slope in the Gulf of Mexico, was slower to clear bacteria and algae thanM. edulis. The ingestion and assimilation of filtered bacteria and algae was established from the presence of radiolabel in mussel tissues and feces. The seep mussel was somewhat less efficient in assimilating radiolabeled components from bacteria and algae thanM. edulis. The dietary carbon maintenance-requirement of the seep mussel could potentially be met at environmental concentrations of greater than 106 bacteria ml−1. At lower concentrations of particulate organic matter, filter-feeding could be an important source of nitrogen and essential nutrients not supplied by the endosymbionts.
Incidence of embolic or thrombotic processes during the immediate convalescence from acute myocardial infarction

Abstract One hundred consecutive cases of acute coronary occlusion and myocardial infarction were studied, and the incidence of subsequent intravascular thrombosis or embolism during the immediate convalescent period has been tabulated. Complications of a thrombotic or embolic nature occurred in thirty-seven cases. In four cases the complication caused the death of the patients, in eight cases the complications were contributing factors in the death of the patients, and in seventeen other cases the complication was of considerable importance in the future health of the persons concerned. A second myocardial infarction occurred in fifteen cases, pulmonary embolism occurred in fourteen cases, cerebral thrombosis or embolism complicated eight cases, arterial occlusions were noted in four instances, and thrombophlebitis complicated seven cases. Forty-six of the patients were known to have had normal blood pressure prior to the coronary occlusion and myocardial infarction. Ten (22 per cent) had subsequent myocardial infarctions during the immediate convalescent period. Forty-two of the total group of one hundred patients had had hypertension prior to coronary occlusion, and two (5 per cent) had subsequent myocardial infarctions during the immediate convalescent period. In twelve cases, the blood pressure prior to coronary occlusion was not definitely known. Three of these patients had a second myocardial infarction during their residence in the hospital. Eighty-seven per cent of the cases of second myocardial infarction and 87 per cent of the instances of cerebral vascular accidents occurred between the fourth and the twentieth day, and 86 per cent of the cases of thrombophlebitis occurred between the tenth and the sixteenth day, periods when the blood pressure of patients who have acute myocardial infarctions has been demonstrated to be at the lowest levels. Thirteen of the patients died. Two of them died as a result of cerebral thrombosis, one from pulmonary embolism, and one from a second myocardial infarction. Two other patients died of congestive heart failure. In seven instances death was sudden, but the exact cause was not ascertained.
Essential Norms of Weighted Composition Operators from Hilbert Function Spaces into Zygmund-Type Spaces

In this work, we provide an approximation of the essential norm of the weighted composition operators acting on a Hilbert function space and mapping into a Zygmund-type space, and give characterizations of the boundedness and compactness of such operators. Our results apply to a large class of weighted Hardy spaces, including the Hardy space H 2, the weighted Bergman space $${A^2_\alpha \,\, (\alpha \geq 1)}$$ , and the logarithmic Bergman space $${A^2_{\rm log}}$$ .
Combining Individual and Group Supervision in Educating for the Social Work Profession

Abstract Supervision is central to the personal and professional development of a social work practitioner. This paper attempts to provide an understanding of what methods of supervision might best promote the process of learning for graduate social work students. It also describes a small qualitative study designed to explore the contributions, advantages, and limitations of a method which combines individual and group supervision for second year MSW students.
Waltersburg Sandstone Oil Pools of Lower Wabash Area, Illinois and Indiana

Oil in the Waltersburg sandstone of the upper part of the Upper Mississippian Chester series in the Eastern Interior basin occurs in diverse structural situations, not only on and near the crests of anticlines and the upthrown sides of faults, but also on unfaulted regional monoclines, low on the flanks of anticlines, and on the downthrown sides of faults. Waltersburg oil is trapped in a remarkable series of bar-like sandstone bodies, some entirely surrounded by shale. Though several processes may have joined in forming these bar-like features, petrographic and stratigraphic studies point to the deposition of their well sorted sands in a near-shore or shore-line environment by wave and current action. The near-shore facies extends beyond the area of commercial Waltersburg oil pools. Several hundred wells have been drilled to deeper horizons through Waltersburg sand bodies west of the productive region without encountering oil in the formation. As the productive Waltersburg region is almost co-extensive with the post-Pennsylvanian normal fault system of the southeast flank of the basin, the migration of oil along fault planes from lower sources may be in part responsible for accumulation in the Waltersburg lenses, though some occurrences can not be explained in this way. Two recent major Waltersburg discoveries have resulted from facies analysis through the projection of imperfectly known sandstone lenses into structural situations in which the lenses could act as oil traps.
RADIC: a generic component for the integration of existing reactive and deliberative layers

Hybrid architectures have been developed to preserve the responsiveness of reactive layers while also providing the benefits of higher level deliberative capabilities. The challenge of hybrid architecture design is to integrate layers of very different functional roles. We propose a component, called RADIC, that uses a generic technique for the construction of hybrid architectures from pre-existing reactive and deliberative layers that requires only minimal modifications to each layer. In particular, we give a high-level description of the operation and benefits of the component and its algorithms.
Exponential stability of interconnected systems

Sufficient conditions are given for exponential stability in the large of the equilibrium of systems of interconnected components taken from a class of nonlinear time-varying multi-terminal components.
Lack of an association between alleles of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genes and Graves' disease in a North American Caucasian population

Although an association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele DR3 and Graves' disease (GD) is well documented, the potential role of non-HLA-linked alleles in susceptibility to GD is an area of active investigation. In an attempt to study the potential role of two non-HLA susceptibility alleles in GD and Graves' ophthalmopathy, we examined 286 North American Caucasian individuals (145 normal controls and 141 individuals with GD) for the presence of the A2 allele of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist gene. In addition, we examined a subset of this population (83 normal controls and 89 individuals with GD) for a specific polymorphism within exon 5 of the IL-1 alpha gene. We found the A2 allelic frequencies (0.25 and 0.23, respectively) and carriage rates (43% and 41%, respectively) in the two groups to be nearly identical. However, findings in the subgroup of patients with the extrathyroidal manifestations of GD (Graves' ophthalmopathy, pretibial dermopathy, and acropachy) suggested a trend toward a higher prevalence of the A2 allele in patients with more severe disease. The allelic frequency (0.28) and carriage rate (47%) of the IL-1 alpha exon 5 polymorphism in individuals with GD were nearly identical to those of the control population (0.28% and 45%, respectively). In summary, we were unable to demonstrate an association between these alleles and GD in our study population. We conclude that neither the A2 allele of the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene nor the IL-1 alpha exon 5 polymorphism confers increased susceptibility to GD.
Real-time generation of intersection of surfaces for welding by video moire

A common problem in fabrication and welding of complex structures is that there is no simple way to determine where to cut one part so that it will fit another part unless both parts designed and built on a CAD/CAM system. Particularly in prototype or retrofit work, cutting and fitting parts for welding is more of an art than a science. We have developed a unique video moire system that generates the intersection contour in near real time with the contour superimposed on a video image of the part, allowing the cut line to be marked while following the contour on the video monitor.
From Psychiatric Disorders to Animal Models: A Bidirectional and Dimensional Approach

Psychiatric genetics research is bidirectional in nature, with human and animal studies becoming more closely integrated as techniques for genetic manipulations allow for more subtle exploration of disease phenotypes. This synergy highlights the importance of considering the way in which we approach the genotype-phenotype relationship. In particular, the nosologic divide of psychiatric illness, although clinically relevant, is not directly translatable in animal models. For instance, mice will never fully recapitulate the broad criteria for many psychiatric disorders; additionally, mice will never have guilty ruminations, suicidal thoughts, or rapid speech. Instead, animal models have been and continue to provide a means to explore dimensions of psychiatric disorders to identify neural circuits and mechanisms underlying disease-relevant phenotypes. The genetic investigation of psychiatric illness can yield the greatest insights if efforts continue to identify and use biologically valid phenotypes across species. This review discusses the progress to date and the future efforts that will enhance translation between human and animal studies, including the identification of intermediate phenotypes that can be studied across species and the importance of refined modeling of human disease-associated genetic variation in mice and other animal models.
Dark radiation as a signature of dark energy

We propose a simple dark energy model with the following properties: the model predicts a late-time dark radiation component that is not ruled out by current observational data, but which produces a distinctive time-dependent equation of state $w(z)$ for $zl3$. The dark energy field can be coupled strongly enough to standard model particles to be detected in colliders, and the model requires only modest additional particle content and little or no fine-tuning other than a new energy scale of order milli-electron volts.
Detergent enhancement of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rats.

SummarySodium octyl, decyl, and dodecyl sulfate, in the concentrations used enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin in fasted and glucose-loaded rats. The molar relationships among these surface active agents indicate that higher concentrations of the shorter alkyl chain substances are required to produce the hypoglycemic effect. The adherence or penetration of insulin into rat liver cells has been measured by the hypoglycemic response of rats to injections of insulin-treated cells or the wash fluids of these cells. Detergents do not alter the adherence of the insulin to cells, but do decrease the amount of insulin present in the supernatant. This decrease is attributed to the penetration of insulin into the cells in the presence of detergent.
Helping Interviewees Tell Their Stories.

Employers' use of behavioral description interviews has increased dramatically within the past decade. Yet the pedagogical literature geared toward helping appli cants respond to these unique inter...
The African foreign policy of secretary of state Henry Kissinger

The African foreign policy of secretary of state Henry Kissinger, edited by Hanes Walton Jr. et al. Lanham, Maryland, Lexington Books, 2007, xii + 285 pp. including tables, notes, bibliography and ...
Representing scope in intuitionistic deductions

Abstract Intuitionistic proofs can be segmented into scopes which describe when assumptions can be used. In standard descriptions of intuitionistic logic, these scopes occupy contiguous regions of proofs. This leads to an explosion in the search space for automated deduction, because of the difficulty of planning to apply a rule inside a particular scoped region of the proof. This paper investigates an alternative representation which assigns scope explicitly to formulas, and which is inspired in part by semantics-based translation methods for modal deduction. This calculus is simple and is justified by direct proof-theoretic arguments that transform proofs in the calculus so that scopes match standard descriptions. A Herbrand theorem, established straightforwardly, lifts this calculus to incorporate unification. The resulting system has no impermutabilities whatsoever — rules of inference may be used equivalently anywhere in the proof. Nevertheless, a natural specification describes how λ-terms are to be extracted from its deductions.
Optimization of Constructs for Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels

Eukaryotic membrane protein purification is a daunting task limited by protein expression at quantities sufficient for structural analysis. Membrane proteins constitute 30% of the genome encoded by eukaryotes, however, to date, only 300 independent structures of integral membrane proteins have been reported, and many of these are from prokaryotes. Glutamate receptor ion channels (iGluRs) with their large extracellular and disordered cytoplasmic C-terminal domains pose an even greater challenge for crystallographic studies. To date only one full-length iGluR structure has been solved, for the homomeric GluR2 AMPA receptor subtype at 3.6-A resolution1. Although this provides the first insights into glutamate receptor structure and subunit arrangement, it is a single snapshot of an antagonist bound conformation of the closed state of the ion channel. To further understand the mechanisms of receptor function, structures in different conformational states will be needed. Further, full-length structures for other iGluR subtypes such as kainate and NMDA have yet not been structurally explored till date. Towards this goal, using fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography (FSEC)2, as a rapid pre-crystallization screening method we have optimized the GluR6 (GluK2) and GluR7 (GluK3) kainate receptor constructs for crystallographic studies. We have systematically optimized constructs for both subtypes, which required deletion of residues at the C-terminus, mutation of free cysteines, and knock out of N-linked glycosylation sites to improve its stability and crystallization behavior. The constructs were screened for expression level, monodispersity and stability of the ion channel tetramer. Screening of optimal buffer conditions, detergents and lipids has yielded very promising leads for crystallization, and has established that the proteins can be maintained as stable tetramers in detergent solutions for periods exceeding a week.1.Sobolevsky AI, ROSconi MP, Gouaux E. (2009). Nature 462:745-756.2.Kawate, T, Gouaux, E. (2006). Structure 14:673-681.