cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adapting visual category models to new domains

Domain adaptation is an important emerging topic in computer vision. In this paper, we present one of the first studies of domain shift in the context of object recognition. We introduce a method that adapts object models acquired in a particular visual domain to new imaging conditions by learning a transformation that minimizes the effect of domain-induced changes in the feature distribution. The transformation is learned in a supervised manner and can be applied to categories for which there are no labeled examples in the new domain. While we focus our evaluation on object recognition tasks, the transform-based adaptation technique we develop is general and could be applied to nonimage data. Another contribution is a new multi-domain object database, freely available for download. We experimentally demonstrate the ability of our method to improve recognition on categories with few or no target domain labels and moderate to large changes in the imaging conditions.
Interculturality for Afro-Peruvians: Towards a Racially Inclusive Education in Peru.

Intercultural education policy and programs in Peru emerged as a response to the right of education for marginalised indigenous populations. Under the influence of international dialogue regarding education for all, Peruvian policy has recently proposed interculturality as a guiding principle of education for all Peruvians. In this context, institutions advocating for the rights of people of African descent are proposing intercultural education as a right for Afro-Peruvian marginalised populations. This paper discusses the challenges facing interculturality and racially inclusive education in Peru.
Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite Is a Bioactive Source of Vitamin K and Niacin Activity for Chicks

Young chicks were fed a vitamin K-deficient soybean concentrate basal diet containing graded levels of menadione from menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB) or menadione dimethyl-pyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB) to assess prothrombin time as a function of menadione intake. Prothrombin time decreased linearly as menadione dose increased from 0 to 400 micrograms/kg. Multiple linear regression slope-ratio calculations indicated that both sources of menadione were of equal potency. To assess niacin bioactivity of MNB, graded doses of nicotinamide (0 to 5 mg/kg) from MNB or nicotinamide were added to a niacin-deficient diet based upon corn, corn gluten meal and vitamin-free casein. Weight gain increased linearly as a function of nicotinamide dose, and multiple linear regression analysis of weight gain as a function of supplemental nicotinamide intake revealed no significant differences in slope between the two sources of nicotinamide. Using excess doses, MNB was compared with MPB in acute (single crop intubation) or chronic (fed in the diet for 14 d) toxicity trials. With a single menadione dose of 1600 mg/kg body wt, weight gain in the subsequent 14-d period was reduced by MNB but not by MPB. Mortality rates of 25 and 17% occurred for MPB and MNB, respectively, at this dose level. Doses lower than 1600 mg/kg body wt caused neither morbidity nor mortality. When provided in the diet for a 14-d feeding period, menadione doses of 3000 mg/kg diet from MNB reduced gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio and blood hemoglobin concentration. Menadione doses of 6000 mg/kg diet were required to produce morbidity of this type when MPB was fed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Energy aware software

The concept of energy aware software is introduced. A simple energy model for software is presented that separates the switching and leakage components and predicts its total energy consumption with less than 5% error for a set of benchmark programs. The experiments have been performed on the StrongARM SA-1100 microprocessor. A mathematical model for the total leakage current has also been proposed and it has been shown that they can account for about 10% of the energy dissipation for low threshold voltage microprocessors and, assuming continuous operation, the leakage energy fraction gets significantly higher for lowest duty cycle.
The microwave spectrum and MnH bond length for HMn(CO)5

Abstract The microwave rotational spectrum for the symmetric top, manganese pentacarbonylhydride, was measured in the 5–11 GHz range using a pulsed-beam, Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. For HMn(CO)5 we obtained A = B = 907.9841 (2) MHz and eqQ(MN) = −144.22(2) MHz. For DMn(CO)5, A = B = 902.7682(3) MHz and eqQ(Mn) = −45.24(4) MHz. Only K = 0 and K = 4 transitions were observed, confirming the expected C4v symmetry. With other structural parameters constrained to previously reported values, r0(MnH) = 1.64(4) A. The CaxMnCeq angle derived from the data is approximately 97°C, if MnCO angles are constrained to 180°C.
Effects of Plasma Processing Parameters on the Surface Reactivity of OH(X2Π) in Tetraethoxysilane/O2 Plasmas during Deposition of SiO2

The OH(X2Π) radical in a 20:80 tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/O2 plasmas has been characterized during deposition of SiO2 using the imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces (IRIS) method. The reactivity of OH at the surface of a growing SiO2 film has been determined as a function of the applied radio-frequency (rf) plasma power (P) and the substrate temperature (TS). The reactivity (R) of OH during deposition of SiO2 on a 300 K Si substrate is 0.41 ± 0.04. R decreases as substrate temperature increases but is unaffected by increasing rf power. Translational and rotational temperatures (ϑT and ϑR, respectively) of the OH radical are also determined. For a 20:80 TEOS/O2 plasma (P = 85 W), ϑT = 912 ± 20 K and ϑR = 450 ± 20 K. ϑT is significantly higher than ϑR and increases with increasing rf power. Using isotopically labeled 18O2 as a precursor, the source of the oxygen in OH is identified as the O2 gas, not oxygen from the ethoxy groups on TEOS. With these data, the role of OH in deposition of SiO2 from TEO...
Dissecting Tumor Biology Using Intravital Microscopy and Optical Frequency Domain Imaging

Intravital microscopy such as multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging has been providing unprecedented molecular, cellular, anatomical and functional insights in tumor biology and offering strategies to improve detection and treatment of tumors.
Cognitive and Psychosocial Sequelae for Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Families

Abstract The literature concerning the cognitive and psychosocial sequelae of children in whom acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has been diagnosed, indicates that ALL children exhibit deficits in cognitive functioning as well as academic achievement in response to the iatrogenic effects of central nervous system (CNS) irradiation. Preliminary studies suggest that similar emanative effects may follow chemotherapy, an alternative to CNS irradiation for those children given a favorable prognosis. Moreover, recent publications suggest that these children experience significant psychosocial problems and that their families are at risk for psychological adjustment disorders. In our suggestions for future research on ALL as well as other cancers, we particularly recommend studies of these children within a number of systems and across many settings.
Kinetic analysis of the interactions between troponin C and the C-terminal troponin I regulatory region and validation of a new peptide delivery/capture system used for surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy, the apparent kinetic constants, k on and k off , and equilibrium dissociation constant, K d , have been determined for the binding interaction between rabbit skeletal troponin C (TnC) and rabbit skeletal troponin I (TnI) regulatory region peptides: TnI 96–115 , TnI 96–131 and TnI 96–139 . To carry out SPR analysis, a new peptide delivery/capture system was utilized in which the TnI peptides were conjugated to the E-coil strand of a de novo designed heterodimeric coiled-coil domain. The TnI peptide conjugates were then captured via dimerization to the opposite strand (K-coil), which was immobilized on the biosensor surface. TnC was then injected over the biosensor surface for quantitative binding analysis. For fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, the environmentally sensitive fluoroprobe 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino) naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (1,5-IAEDANS) was covalently linked to Cys98 of TnC and free TnI peptides were added. SPR analysis yielded equilibrium dissociation constants for TnC (plus Ca 2+ ) binding to the C-terminal TnI regulatory peptides TnI 96–131 and TnI 96–139 of 89 nM and 58 nM, respectively. The apparent association and dissociation rate constants for each interaction were k on =2.3×10 5 M −1 s −1 , 2.0×10 5 M −1 s −1 and k off =2.0×10 −2 s −1 , 1.2×10 −2 s −1 for TnI 96–131 and TnI 96–139 peptides, respectively. These results were consistent with those obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis: K d being equal to 130 nM and 56 nM for TnC–TnI 96–131 and TnC–TnI 96–139 , respectively. Interestingly, although the inhibitory region peptide (TnI 96–115 ) was observed to bind with an affinity similar to that of TnI 96–131 by fluorescence analysis ( K d =380 nM), its binding was not detected by SPR. Subsequent investigations examining salt effects suggested that the binding mechanism for the inhibitory region peptide is best characterized by an electrostatically driven fast on-rate (∼1×10 8 to 1×10 9 M −1 s −1 ) and a fast off-rate (∼1×10 2 s −1 ). Taken together, the determination of these kinetic rate constants permits a clearer view of the interactions between the TnC and TnI proteins of the troponin complex.
The Limits of Market-Based Risk Transfer and Implications for Managing Systemic Risks

The paper discusses the limits to market-based risk transfer in the financial system and the implications for the management of systemic long-term financial risks. Financial instruments or markets to transfer and better manage these risks across institutions and sectors are, as yet, either nascent or nonexistent. As such, the paper investigates why these markets remain "incomplete". It also explores a range of options by which policymakers may encourage the development of these markets as part of governments' role as a risk manager.
Prediction for some processes related to a fractional Brownian motion

In this paper, explicit expressions are given for some conditional expectations for the prediction of some stochastic processes that are obtained from a fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst parameter in the interval (0,1). These processes are constructed as solutions of stochastic differential equations with a fractional Brownian motion or as solutions of multiple stochastic integrals.
In search of retrieval search in children and adults

Abstract The goal of the four experiments in this study was to examine retrieval access and item-by-item search processes and strategies in the cued recall of children and adults. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, third- and sixth-graders and college students were shown four-word stimuli (e.g., Bus-Airplane-Car-Train) at acquisition under different acquisition conditions designed to encourage search processes more or less. The retrieval cue information was manipulated as a way of varying the access and search demands, and a post-task retrieval strategy inventory was completed by the older subjects, as a way of providing converging evidence about access and search problems and strategies. In Experiment 4, nominal set stimuli (March–April–June–October) were provided in order to maximize the opportunity to observe search processes. The results suggest that retrieval access is a problem for young children and contributes strongly to developmental increases in recall. Item-by-item search processes, and retrieval strategies in general, are more likely to be used by adults than children, and the use varies with kind of stimulus. However, search occurs infrequently even for adults in optimal situations and thus seems to contribute minimally to recall increases with age.
Visual impairment and functional status from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey on Disability.

purpose The purpose of this project is to evaluate the association of vision limitation and function among a population of older and younger adults. methods The effects of self-reported serious difficulty with vision and legal blindness were evaluated on six activities of daily living (ADLs) and six instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Subjects were 67,570 adults over the age of 18 who participated in the 1995 National Health Interview Survey on Disability. results Serious difficulty with vision (SDV) and legal blindness (LB) were independently associated with increased odds of poorer function for each of the ADLs and IADLs. In stratified analysis, the effect of vision on function was modified by age. Both SDV and LB produced a greater impact on performance of ADLs and IADLs among younger rather than older subjects. conclusions Vision had an impact on all ADLs and IADLs evaluated, with greater impact on self-reported function for younger adults. This suggests that younger adults perceive limit...
Enzymatic analysis of α-ketoglutaramate--a biomarker for hyperammonemia.

Two enzymatic assays were developed for the analysis of α-ketoglutaramate (KGM)—an important biomarker of hepatic encephalopathy and other hyperammonemic diseases. In both procedures, KGM is first converted to α-ketoglutarate (KTG) via a reaction catalyzed by ω-amidase (AMD). In the first procedure, KTG generated in the AMD reaction initiates a biocatalytic cascade in which the concerted action of alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase results in the oxidation of NADH. In the second procedure, KTG generated from KGM is reductively aminated, with the concomitant oxidation of NADH, in a reaction catalyzed by L-glutamic dehydrogenase. In both assays, the decrease in optical absorbance (λ=340 nm) corresponding to NADH oxidation is used to quantify concentrations of KGM. The two analytical procedures were applied to 50% (v/v) human serum diluted with aqueous solutions containing the assay components and spiked with concentrations of KGM estimated to be present in normal human plasma and in plasma from hyperammonemic patients. Since KTG is the product of AMD-catalyzed hydrolysis of KGM, in a separate study, this compound was used as a surrogate for KGM. Statistical analyses of samples mimicking the concentration of KGM assumed to be present in normal and pathological concentration ranges were performed. Both enzymatic assays for KGM were confirmed to discriminate between the predicted normal and pathophysiological concentrations of the analyte. The present study is the first step toward the development of a clinically useful probe for KGM analysis in biological fluids.
A worksheet to structure teaching and learning outpatient internal medicine

The Worksheet for Ambulatory Medicine (WAM) was designed to enhance teaching and learning outpatient general internal medicine. It contains a set of explicit learning objectives, promotes important teaching strategies, and carefully structures educational and patient care activities. WAM may help students by: (1) demonstrating methods for more focused history-taking, physical examination, and case-presentation; (2) increasing preceptor feedback; (3) making performance expectations explicit; (4) facilitating and encouraging self-directed learning and reflective, evidence-based, practice; (5) promoting autonomous evaluation and management of outpatient problems; and (6) demonstrating an approach to evaluating undifferentiated clinical problems. WAM may help teachers by: (1) identifying student learning needs; (2) increasing structure and control of teaching sessions; and (3) helping demonstrate steps in the clinical reasoning process. WAM has been pilot-tested with third- and fourth-year medical students. I...
The Archive and Affective Memory in M. Nourbese Philip'sZong!

Trinidadian Canadian poet M. NourbeSe Philip fashions her poems from the only record of an infamous incident in which 142 African slaves were drowned at sea so that their owners might collect insurance. By fragmenting the language of maritime law, the book of poems, Zong! As Told to the Author by Setaey Adamu Boateng, exposes its silences as spaces of affect, which are extra-linguistic spaces that contain the humanity of the drowned slaves and also allow for a deep connection with a traumatic past. The disembodied sounds and voices a reader sees and hears in the poems – words that do not conform to the grammar of language and sounds that evoke an intuitive response rather than thought and contemplation – constitute a more visceral form of memory than storytelling. An affective memory may lack the materiality of archival memory or the solidity of reconstructed lives, but its appearance in Philip's poems exposes the violence of an archive in which a slave experience is immaterial.
Transnational alliances, US third world feminism, and Chicana Mestizaje in Ester Hernández's visual art

This article examines connections between US third world feminism (Chela Sandoval) and recent developments in transnational feminisms. A focal emphasis of the article is the notion of oppositional consciousness, which, as postulated by Chicana critic Chela Sandoval, constitutes a mobile strategy whereby the trans-cultural, trans-gendered, transsexual and transnational are activated in order to defy ideology and equalize power on behalf of the colonized. Ester Hernandez’ visual art is used to illustrate the goals of the movement and the method of oppositional consciousness. The analysis demonstrates that, through the tactics implemented by Chicana mestizaje, Hernandez is able to grasp the local in a dialectical relation with the global, destabilizing universal discourses of class, race, gender and nation. Furthermore, by turning the mestiza body into the site where the material conditions of neocolonial histories are played out, the artist is able to rupture ideology, propelling new strategies for Chicana liberation. In synthesis, through the transnational lens, US third world feminism is viewed as a deviation from the normalized category we call “US feminism,” a movement of its own that provided – as Hernandez’ work illustrates – a profound understanding of difference within the United States, and a new and provocative way of articulating marginality.
Matching Surge Protective Devices to Their Environment

A method is described for the rational selection of metal oxide varistors as surge protective devices in low-voltage applications, combining data on the surge environment and device characteristics. Fuses that may be connected in series with the varistors will be exposed to current surges resulting from the varistor operation. Experimental results on the effect of repetitive current surges on such fuses are described, and some guidance is provided on the necessary derating of fuses for series applications with varistors.
Big Data Applications using Workflows for Data Parallel Computing

In the Big Data era, workflow systems need to embrace data parallel computing techniques for efficient data analysis and analytics. Here, the authors present an easy-to-use, scalable approach to build and execute Big Data applications using actor-oriented modeling in data parallel computing. They use two bioinformatics use cases for next-generation sequencing data analysis to verify the feasibility of their approach.
Solving complex photocycle kinetics. Theory and direct method

A direct nonlinear least squares method is described that obtains the true kinetic rate constants and the temperature-independent spectra of n intermediates from spectroscopic data taken in the visible at three or more temperatures. A theoretical analysis, which is independent of implementation of the direct method, proves that well determined local solutions are not possible for fewer than three temperatures. This analysis also proves that measurements at more than n wavelengths are redundant, although the direct method indicates that convergence is faster if n + m wavelengths are measured, where m is of order one. This suggests that measurements should concentrate on high precision for a few measuring wavelengths, rather than lower precision for many wavelengths. Globally, false solutions occur, and the ability to reject these depends upon the precision of the data, as shown by explicit example. An optimized way to analyze vibrational spectroscopic data is also presented. Such data yield unique results, which are comparably accurate to those obtained from data taken in the visible with comparable noise. It is discussed how use of both kinds of data is advantageous if the data taken in the visible are significantly less noisy.
The effects of hemodialysis on platelet deposition in prosthetic graft fistulas

Abstract The effects of hemodialysis on the coagulation system are not completely understood. The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of hemodialysis on platelet deposition in prosthetic graft fistulas. Nine patients with polytetrafluoroethylene graft fistulas and two with native vein fistulas were studied. Dialysis was performed thrice weekly with blood flow rates of 400 to 450 mL/min and regenerated cellulose hollow-fiber dialyzers. Platelets were labeled with oxine- 111 indium. Images of the fistula were obtained immediately after injection (baseline study), postdialysis the same day, the following morning, and before and after the next two routine treatments. Images were analyzed by drawing regions of interest, and activities were expressed as counts per pixel and percent baseline after correction for background and biologic clearance and physical decay. There was a marked dialysis-associated enhancement of platelet deposition in sites along the graft. More than a twofold increase in uptake was noted most frequently in the arterial anastomosis, arterial loop, midloop, venous loop, and venous anastomosis regions. The arterial loop and midloop regions were most consistently affected. The arterial side of the loop during the first dialysis treatment showed an increase from 15 ± 3 counts/pixel (± SE) predialysis to 46 ± 14 counts/pixel postdialysis ( P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney). The uptake increased with dialysis in the midloop region from 12 ± 2 counts/pixel to 40 ± 11 counts/pixel ( P = 0.04, paired t -test). The uptake was nearly reversed by the next dialysis treatment. Subsequent treatments had a similar pattern. No significant change in activity was found in the two patients with native vein fistulas. These studies show that hemodialysis treatments are associated with enhanced deposition of platelets in polytetrafluoroethylene graft fistulas. This method of imaging platelet deposition may be useful for examining preventive treatments, such as antiplatelet therapies.
Recent advances in real-time analysis of ionograms and ionospheric drift measurements with digisondes

Abstract Reliable long distance RF communication and transionospheric radio links depend critically on space weather, and specifically ionospheric conditions. Modern ground-based ionosondes provide space weather parameters in real-time including the vertical electron density distribution up to ∼1000 km and the velocity components of the ionospheric F region drift. A global network of digisondes distributes this information in real-time via internet connections. The quality of the automatic scaling of the echo traces in ionograms was a continuous concern ever since first attempts have been reported. The modern low-power ionosonde with ∼100 W transmitters (compared to several kilowatt for the older ionosondes) relies on more sophisticated signal processing to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and to retrieve the essential ionospheric characteristics. Recent advances in the automatic scaling algorithm ARTIST have significantly increased the reliability of the autoscaled data, making the data, in combination with models, more useful for ionospheric now-casting. Vertical and horizontal F region drift velocities are a new real-time output of the digisondes. The “ionosonde drift” is derived from the measured Doppler frequency shift and angle of arrival of ionospherically reflected HF echoes, a method similar to that used by coherent VHF and incoherent scatter radars.
The Influence of Reconstructive Modality on Cost of Care in Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery

Objective To determine the differential costs of 3 reconstructive modalities in patients undergoing head and neck oncologic surgery. Design Cost-identification analysis. Setting Academic tertiary care medical center. Methods Retrospective review of 104 major head and neck resections involving primary tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract requiring a tracheotomy (primary hospital discharge, diagnosis related group 482 from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ) from July 2, 1999, through June 30, 2000. Patients were stratified by reconstruction modality: (1) microvascular free tissue transfer (MFFT), (2) pedicle myocutaneous flaps (PMF), and (3) primary reconstruction and/or skin graft (PR). Dependent variables included length of hospitalization, direct and indirect hospital costs, total hospital costs, the percentage of total costs attributable to direct costs, and the percentage of total costs attributable to indirect costs. Results No significant age differences existed among the 3 patient groups. Significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis) were observed for all variables. The PR group was compared with the PMF and MFFT groups. Total patient charges were greatest in the MFFT group (mean, $22 821.04) and least for the PR group (mean, $13 125.70). Length of stay was greatest in the PMF group (mean, 7.53 days) and shortest in the PR group (mean, 5.53 days). Conclusions Intricate reconstructions are frequently more times consuming than primary closure, and the additional surgical procedures are more likely to use more hospital resources. Efforts at providing superior functional outcomes must be balanced against increasing restrictions on the use of health care dollars. Careful evaluation of functional outcomes and quality of life will be required to justify the increased expenditure incurred when providing complex reconstructions.
The effects of dynorphin A (1-13) and U50, 488H on free intracellular calcium in guinea pig cerebellar synaptosomes.

Abstract The effects of the kappa-selective ligands dynorphin A (1–13) (DYN) and U50, 488H (U50) on free intracellular calcium were evaluated using synaptosomes prepared from the cerebellum of the guinea pig, an area with a high density of kappa receptors. DYN (10 μM) produced small nonsignificant decreases in basal free intracellular calcium (5–7%). U50 (10μM) produced significant 15–20% decreases in basal free intracellular calcium which were reversed by nor-BNI (1μM). When intracellular calcium levels were increased 8–10% by the administration of c-AMP or forskolin, DYN (10 μM) produced significant decreases in intracellular calcium of 10%. The effects of U50, 488H were not enhanced by increasing the synaptosomal levels of c-AMP. Neither DYN nor U50 (1 μM) significantly blocked the rise in free intracellular calcium induced by 50 mM KCl. When intracellular calcium concentrations were increased by the administration of 50 mM KCl prior to the administration of DYN or U50 (10 μM), the kappa ligands decreased intracellular calcium concentrations. These data indicate that DYN and U50 interact with kappa receptors resulting in a decrease in free intracellular calcium possibly via an enhancement of the efflux of calcium. The modulation of intracellular free calcium by the kappa opioids may be a mechanism by which these opioids produce their biological effects.
Extreme obesity and risk of placental abruption

BACKGROUND: Data on extreme obesity and placental abruption are scarce. This study aimed to determine the association between pre-pregnancy weight and placental abruption and whether pregnancy weight gain impacts this risk. METHODS: We used the Missouri maternally linked cohort files (years 1989-1997). Analyses were restricted to singleton live births (n = 461 729). Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified as normal (18.5-24.9) (referent group), obese [Class 1 (30.0-34.9), Class 2 (35.0-39.9) and extreme or Class 3 (> or =40)]. Pregnancy weight gain categories included: or =0.69 kg/week (high). Adjusted odds ratios generated from generalized estimating equations for logistic regression models were used to approximate relative risks. RESULTS; Obese women were less likely to have placental abruption than normal weight women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.7-0.9). The risk was similar regardless of severity of obesity. However, analyses stratified by weight gain during pregnancy indicated that reduced risk was limited to obese women with low or moderate weight gain during pregnancy, although the analyses by subclass of obesity were only statistically significant for women with moderate weight gain. Among women with moderate weight gain, the risk of placental abruption decreased with increasing BMI in a dose-dependent pattern (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with reduced risk for placental abruption when the weight gain during pregnancy is moderate. These findings underscore the need for further research on the role of nutritional status during pregnancy as a protective factor against placental abruption so that preventive strategies may be appropriately developed.
Thallium perfusion defects predict subsequent cardiac dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis

Objective. To determine the significance of thallium perfusion defects in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods. This is a followup study of a series of 48 SSc patients who underwent thallium perfusion scans in the early 1980s. Their cardiac history and survival information over the last 10 years were obtained as part of the Pittsburgh Databank's yearly evaluation. We determined the frequency of subsequent development of arrhythmias requiring treatment or of congestive heart failure through patient and physician information. Results. Patients with larger thallium perfusion defects had a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent cardiac events or death. The size of the initial thallium defect was the best predictor of later adverse events compared with other disease-related features, in a logistic regression analysis. Conclusion. We conclude that patients with SSc who have significant thallium perfusion defects are at a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent cardiac disease or death.
Bladder and ureteral displacement: complication of total replacement hip arthroplasty

An unusual case of bladder and lower ureteral displacement owing to extruded cement in the pelvis through the acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty is described. The literature is reviewed.
XBT Measurements of Thermal Gradients in the MODE Eddy

Abstract Estimates of the repeatability and accuracy of XBT measurements were made using XBT data taken during MODE. The XBT observations of the depth of isotherms had systematic errors of up to 15 decibars (by comparison to simultaneous CTD drops) as well as random errors on the order of 8 declare. Maps of these observations show small-scale thermal structure which would imply sizeable increases in geostrophic shears.
Pararalichus gen.n. (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World parrots (Aves, Psittacidae)

Pararalichus gen.n. (Pterolichidae, Pterolichinae) is described; two species groups, from species of Brotogeris Vigors and Touit Gray, respectively, include two named and ten new species. From Brotogeris: the type species Pararalichus dilatatus (Favette & Trouessart) stat.n., comb.n. [=Protolichus (Mesolichus) hemiphyllus dilatatus] from Brotogeris jugularis (Muller), Brazil, Guatemala, Panama; P. chrysopteri sp.n. from B. chrysopterus (L.). Guyana, Surinam; P. cyanopterae sp.n. from B. cyanoptera (Pelzeln), Bolivia, Peru; P. pyrrhopteri sp.n. from B. Pyrrhopterus (Latham), Ecuador, Peru; P. sanctithomae sp.n. from B. sanctithomae (Muller), Bolivia, Peru; P. tiricae sp.n. from B. tirica (Gmelin), Brazil; P. versicolori sp.n. from B. versicolorus (Muller), Brazil, Peru. From Touit: P. hemiphyllus (Megnin & Trouessart) comb.n. [=Pterolichus (P.) hemiphyllus] from Touit batavica (Boddaert), Surinam, Trinidad; P. dilectissimae sp.n. thrn T. dilectissima (Sclater & Salvin), Colmbia, Costa Rica; P. huetii sp.n. from T. huetii (Temminck), Brazil, Guyana, Peru; P. parpuratae sp.n. from T. purpurata (Gmelin), Brazil, Guyana, Surinam; P. surdae sp.n. from T. surda (Kuhl), Brazil. All hosts are Central and South American parrots. Mesolichus Trouessart, 1899 is recognized as a monotypical genus.
Some New exo,exo-Bis(isodicyclopentadienyl)titanium and -zirconium Dichloride Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation as Propene Polymerization Catalysts

Exo,exo derivatives of the efficient catalyst precursors (diisodicyclopentadienyl)titanium and -zirconium dichloride substituted at the central position have been synthesized. These compounds have been characterized by solution NMR measurements, which also permitted the calculation of rotational barriers. The solid-state structures of exo,exo-bis(3-diphenylphosphinoisodicyclopentadienyl)titanium and -zirconium dichloride were determined by X-ray crystallography. Unfortunately, after activation by methylalumoxane, these complexes are shown to serve as poor catalysts for the polymerization of propene.
A Combinatorial Interpretation of a General Case of a Fine Identity

We introduce a combinatorial map which leads to general forms and finite versions of an elegant q-series identity. It is with these results that we present many new identities analogous to the first. We close with a discussion of the path taken and future possibilities.
Phase behaviour and solution properties of sulphobetaine polymers

Abstract Aqueous polyelectrolytes have been extensively studied and comprehensively described in numerous books and reviews. In contrast, systematic investigations of aqueous polyzwitterions are few. This paper describes the detailed phase behaviour and solution properties of a homopolymer based upon a recently available sulphobetaine monomer, N -(3-sulphopropyl)- N -methacrylooxyethyl- N , N -dimethyl ammonium betaine (SPE). In addition, such properties are probed at the molecular level by static and dynamic light scattering, as well as laser Raman spectroscopy. Poly[ N -(3-sulphopropyl)- N -methacrylooxyethyl- N , N -dimethyl ammonium betaine], P(SPE), of 4.35 × 10 5 M w shows remarkable phase behaviour. It exhibits both an upper critical solution temperature ( UCST ) and an ‘apparent inverted’ lower critical solution temperature ( LCST ), i.e. a 1-phase region flanked by two 2-phase regions. Moreover, the UCST occurs at an order of magnitude lower polymer concentration than predicted by theory or demonstrated by experiment with conventional polymers. The aqueous solubility of (SPE) depends upon polymer molecular weight, as well as the concentration and structure of added salts. ‘Soft’ salt anions and cations are more effective solubilizers than ‘hard’ anions and cations. Furthermore, solutions of P(SPE) display ‘antipolyelectrolyte behaviour’, i.e. viscosities which increase with increasing salt concentrations. Static light scattering experiments indicate that the solvent quality for P(SPE) increases with increasing salt concentration. Dynamic light scattering measurements show that the polymer diffusion coefficients decrease and the chain dimensions increase with increasing salt concentrations. Moreover, laser Raman spectroscopy indicates that the local environment around the zwitterion functionalities is also modified by changes in salt concentration. Based upon such molecular level probes, models have been proposed to account for the P(SPE) phase behaviour and solubility. Thus, P(SPE) is depicted as a collapsed coil in water because of intra-group and intra-chain associations. The unusual phase behaviour of P(SPE) in water is rationalized in terms of a shift from intra- to interinteractions. In turn, NaCl breaks up the intra-associations and promotes polymer solubility.
Technique For Video Compression By Projection Onto Convex Sets

This paper describes a video compression technique which utilizes the alternating projection theorem for convex sets. The image to be transmitted is determined to be in certain convex sets and parameters defining these sets are sent. The receiver can then use the method of successive projections to locate an image which is in the intersection of the sets. If the intersection is small then the image determined should be close to the desired image. The coder can be made more robust by easily adding additional convex sets or using it in conjunction with other coding schemes such as motion compensation.
Effect of small molecule osmolytes on the self-assembly and functionality of globular protein-polymer diblock copolymers.

Blending the small molecule osmolytes glycerol and trehalose with the model globular protein–polymer block copolymer mCherry-b-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (mCherry-b-PNIPAM) is demonstrated to improve protein functionality in self-assembled nanostructures. The incorporation of either additive into block copolymers results in functionality retention in the solid state of 80 and 100% for PNIPAM volume fractions of 40 and 55%, respectively. This represents a large improvement over the 50–60% functionality observed in the absence of any additive. Furthermore, glycerol decreases the thermal stability of block copolymer films by 15–20 °C, while trehalose results in an improvement in the thermal stability by 15–20 °C. These results suggest that hydrogen bond replacement is responsible for the retention of protein function but suppression or enhancement of thermal motion based on the glass transition of the osmolyte primarily determines thermal stability. While both osmolytes are observed to have a disordering e...
Investigation of the reaction of hexabromocyclododecane with polysulfide and bisulfide in methanol/water solutions

Abstract Reactions of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a widely used brominated flame retardant, with reduced sulfur species (e.g., polysulfide and bisulfide) were investigated in well-defined solutions under anoxic conditions. It is likely that reactions of HBCD with reduced sulfur species such as polysulfides and bisulfide present in anoxic subregions of coastal water bodies and sediments could have a significant impact on the fate of HBCD. The second-order reaction rate constant of HBCD with polysulfides in 80% methanol/20% water at 40 °C is 2.2 (±0.3) × 10 −2 M −1 s −1 . The second-order reaction rate constant of HBCD with bisulfide is 8.9 (±2.8) × 10 −4 M −1 s −1 under the same conditions. The formation of two products was observed with either of the two reduced sulfur species. The experiments also indicate that the γ-isomer of HBCD is reacting significantly faster with reduced sulfur species than the α-isomer.
Finite element modelling of crack tip behaviour in viscoelastic materials. Part I: Linear behaviour

A finite element algorithm which can be used to model either linear or non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour is described. The algorithm is verified for the linear case by comparing numerical and analytical solutions for (a) a uniaxial tensile specimen, and (b) an infinite plate with a hole subjected to a remote uniaxial stress. The algorithm is then used to determine the stress and strain fields near the tip of a moving crack in a linear viscoelastic medium. Numerical solutions for both growing and healing cracks are compared with results expected based upon the extended correspondence principle. Excellent agreement between theoretical and numerical solutions is obtained in all cases. Sources of numerical error in the FE solution procedure are identified and documented. The algorithm has not been verified for the non-linear case, since (except for very simple geometries and loading configurations) no closed-form solutions involving non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour are available. A comparison between the measured and predicted response of a non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour will be presented in a following paper.
A Miniature and Low-Cost Robotic Fish for Ethorobotics Research and Engineering Education: Part II—STEM Outreach

Interactive robotics in formal and informal settings alike has been shown to effectively excite and educate learners at every level. In this second of two papers, we present the educational application of recently-developed biomimetic robotic fish for K-12 learning at the New York Aquarium focused on underwater robotics and marine science. We narrate the development, organization, and execution of an outreach program designed around these robotic fish to pique K-12 students’ interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and to attract them toward engineering careers. The activity offers an authentic engineering experience through bioinspired modification of the swimming robots informed by observation of the aquarium’s inhabitants. Student survey responses indicate the success of the activity in influencing the students’ perception of engineering. More specifically, the students showed an increased interest in STEM fields and found engineering to be a more accessible and exciting discipline after the activity.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Female behavior in populations of mice in the presence and absence of male hierarchy

Female aggression may be the regulator of population size in small mammals. Freely growing populations of house mice showed several differences in aggressive female behavior in the presence and the absence of a male hierarchy. Territoriality in females and not in males appeared to maintain social order and regulate population density. Certain females were seen patrolling and guarding the territory and chasing and fighting with both male and female intruders. These females did not fight amongst themselves, suggesting that they were not fighting for rank (as do the males) but for territory. Although these aggressive females produced young, the pups were neglected, and few were weaned. The non-aggressive females were the successful breeders. Aggression by the females only occurred when there was reproduction and increased densities. Assembled females with no males present never show this aggression. The occurrence of “male-type” behavior became most apparent when the males were removed at peak population densities. The removed males were then castrated and injected with testosterone cyprionate. Doses were increased by population cage, and therefore all males returned to each freely growing population were given the same dose. The males given oil placebo injections showed no return of a male hierarchy and the females showed high levels of aggression toward them. Males injected with testosterone cyprionate showed return of male aggression and fighting and mounting of females. But the new “dominant” females continued their patrols and chased males away from their territories and did not permit these males to mount. Male-male fighting consisted primarily of frontal attacks to the face and roll and tumble fights. Female-male aggression consisted primarily of attacks to the posterior region targeted at the base of the tail and the genitals of the male. The males were rarely seen attacking females and then only during mating. Females only attacked each other in defense of their territories.
Application of an automated chemistry workstation to problems in synthetic chemistry

Abstract An automated chemistry workstation is applied to problems in the synthetic chemistry of porphyrins. A factorial design study (sixteen experiments, 96 data points) was performed to examine the role of catalyst and reactant concentrations on porphyrin yield. Four experiments could be scheduled to run concurrently; all sixteen experiments were completed in less than 1 day of workstation time. The response surface from this experiment shows the conditions for achieving the highest yield. A simplex optimization was performed over the same reaction space, requiring fewer experiments to arrive at the optimal reaction parameters. A strategic search was performed to screen a list of reagents for catalytic activity. The effective concentration range of each catalyst was surveyed by systematic modification of an ongoing reaction. By terminating reactions when a yield threshold was surpassed or when the entire concentration range had been spanned, compounds with catalytic activity and their effective concentration ranges were identified with minimal experimentation. A new scientific finding was made concerning the catalytic activity of methanesulfonic acid in the porphyrin condensation. Automated chemistry workstations of this type should yield rapid accelerations in scientific research.
γ-hadron azimuthal correlations in STAR

Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy (8 <ET< 16 GeV) with away-side hadrons of transverse momentum (3 <pT< 6 GeV/c) have been measured over a broad range of centrality for Au+Au collisions and p+p collisions at = 200 GeV. The presented results are the first measurements at RHIC for γ-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions.
Bilateral Pelvicalyceal Duplication with Contralateral Drainage

We report on a peculiar congenital duplication anomaly of the kidney and collecting system. A bifid left renal pelvis receives the ureter draining the lower moiety of a fully duplicated right system. To our knowledge, such an anomaly has not been previously described.
Magnetic analysis of 42-MeV cyclotron alpha particles

Abstract This report describes the performance of the heavy particle magnetic spectrometer built for use in nuclear reaction studies with the University of Washington 60-inch cyclotron. The spectrometer is of the single-focusing broad-range type having a first order directional focal surface which allows simultaneous focusing of heavy charged particles within an energy range 0.5 E0 to 1.1 E0. At the maximum expected operating magnetic flux density of 13 kilogauss, E0 is approximately 65 MeV for protons or alpha particles. The inherent energy resolution of the spectrometer is found to be better than 0.1%. In experiments using the cyclotron, the principal factors which limit the resolution are actually energy spread in the incident beam, target thickness, finite source size, and kinematic broadening. An over-all resolution of less than 0.30% can be obtained consistently under normal experimental conditions. A detailed experimental study of the kinematic broadening effect for light nuclei verifies the existence of a displaced first order focal surface on which kinematic aberration is absent. For alpha particles scattered by C12, moving the detector to this new focal surface permits an increase of the effective solid angle by a factor of eight for a given value of the energy resolution.
Verbal Memory Impairment in Severe Closed-Head Injury: The Role of Encoding and Consolidation

We applied the item-specific deficit approach (ISDA) to California Verbal Learning Test data obtained from 56 severe, acceleration-deceleration closed head injury (CHI) participants and 62 controls. The CHI group demonstrated deficits on all ISDA indices in comparison to controls. Regression analyses indicated that encoding deficits, followed by consolidation deficits, accounted for most of the variance in delayed recall. Additionally, level of acquisition played a partial role in CHI-associated consolidation difficulties. Finally, CHI encoding deficits were largely driven by low semantic clustering during list learning. These results suggest that encoding (primary) and consolidation (secondary) deficits account for CHI-associated verbal memory impairment.