cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of thrombin on low-density lipoprotein permeability and uptake by an arterial endothelial smooth muscle cell bilayer.

Abstract Thrombin, a mediator of thrombosis, has been shown to directly alter the function of vascular cells. We studied the effect of thrombin on low-density lipoprotein permeability and uptake by an arterial endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell bilayer to determine its potential role in atherogenesis. Confluent cell bilayers were incubated in media containing thrombin (10 or 50 units/ml) for a period of 24 hours to 9 days. Iodine 125 ( 125 I)-LDL (10 μg protein/ml) was then added to the media, and after a 3-hour incubation, 125 I-LDL transit through the endothelial cell layer as well as membrane binding and uptake by each cell type were measured. The lower concentration of thrombin caused a delayed increase in both the permeability ( p p p −7 ) and a significant reduction in both cellular uptake ( p −7 ) and membrane binding ( p p −7 ) disproportionately to a more limited increase in membrane binding ( p p p 3 H-adenine and chromium 51 release assays indicated a greater susceptibility of endothelial cells to thrombin-induced injury. These results suggest that endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are affected differently by thrombin. Thrombin-induced endothelial toxicity, in combination with enhanced LDL uptake by underlying smooth muscle cells, may promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. (J Vasc Surg 1992;15:718–25.)
The Remembering St. Petersburg Oral History Project: Youth Empowerment and Heritage Preservation Through a Community Museum

This article reveals how the “Remembering St. Petersburg Oral History Project” empowered African American youth through nontraditional methods of learning African American history and culture in their own neighborhoods, allowing youth to gain a greater appreciation for their elders. Additionally the project enhanced their communication, computer, and professional skills for future success. The project involved urban youth ages 14–18 and elders over the age of 65 in the Midtown area of St. Petersburg, Florida. We used taped oral narratives, archival materials, and donated personal artifacts, to capture the memories and stories of the elders for a museum exhibit. In this article, I explore some of the challenges in the data collection-museum exhibit process: training youth, proper representation of the elders, and interactions with residents and museum contributors. This project serves as a guide to illustrate the challenges anthropologists face in heritage preservation in African American community museums, educating youth on African American history, and the decision-making process in the development of a successful Oral History project and museum exhibit in the African American community.
Forensic Discrimination of Automotive Paint Samples Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Multivariate Statistics

Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) has been a standard method for the forensic analysis of automotive paint for a number of decades. Automotive paints are often identified by visual comparison of pyrograms for peak presence and intensities; however, such analyses can be subjective and time consuming. A preliminary investigation based on Py-GC-mass spectrometric analysis of 100 automobile paint samples of five different colors is presented. Designed experiments are employed to select pyrolysis conditions for adequate discrimination. Pattern recognition techniques including principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis are used to visualize clustering of pyrograms to validate comparisons between different automotive paint pyrograms. These methods have the potential to ease the interpretation task for data sets involving a large number of comparisons.
Theory of the Balanced Helical Wire Antenna

Abstract : A finite, balanced helical wire antenna excited by a delta-function generator is investigated. The geometry of a helical wire is examined and an exact integral equation for the current distribution along the antenna is formulated. For a thin helical wire, the exact integral equation can be approximated by a one-dimensional approximation, which can be solved by a Fourier-series method. In the solution, the logarithmic singularity at the driving point is taken into account and is subsequently substracted out. Thus, the input admittance is obtained. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental result. It is found that the current amplitude decays exponentially. This is contradictory to the usual assumption that the current along a helical antenna is a traveling wave with a constant amplitude. (Author)
Puerperal hemiplegia. Case report and review of primary puerperal cerebral venous thrombosis.

Abstract We have presented a case report which, although lacking operative and pathologic confirmation, appears to fit clearly the rare syndrome, primary puerperal cerebral venous thrombosis. A review of reported cases is analyzed and the symptom complex and clinical findings are discussed in light of presently known pathophysiology. The etiology is presently unknown but possible causes are noted. The differential diagnosis is discussed and the frequent misdiagnosis of puerperal eclampsia is noted. The treatment is as yet not fully agreed upon but the important therapeutic distinction between this syndrome and eclampsia is noted regarding antihypertensive therapy. The use of anticoagulants is indicated in highly selected cases. The prognosis is probably better than the reported cases heretofore indicate. The mortality is 23 per cent in the reviewed cases and 61.6 per cent survive with no residual defect. Symptomatic and supportive care without overtreatment appears to be the wisest course in these patients.
A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor

Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs.
Functional and Comparative Genomics of Hoxa2 Gene cis-Regulatory Elements: Evidence for Evolutionary Modification of Ancestral Core Element Activity

Hoxa2 is an evolutionarily conserved developmental regulatory gene that functions to specify rhombomere (r) and pharyngeal arch (PA) identities throughout the Osteichthyes. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) hoxa2a, like orthologous Hoxa2 genes from other osteichthyans, is expressed during embryogenesis in r2–7 and PA2-7, whereas the paralogous medaka pseudogene, ψhoxa2b, is expressed in noncanonical Hoxa2 domains, including the pectoral fin buds. To understand the evolution of cis-regulatory element (CRE) control of gene expression, we conducted eGFP reporter gene expression studies with extensive functional mapping of several conserved CREs upstream of medaka hoxa2a and ψhoxa2b in transient and stable-line transgenic medaka embryos. The CREs tested were previously shown to contribute to directing mouse Hoxa2 gene expression in r3, r5, and PA2-4. Our results reveal the presence of sequence elements embedded in the medaka hoxa2a and ψhoxa2b upstream enhancer regions (UERs) that mediate expression in r4 and the PAs (hoxa2a r4/CNCC element) or in r3–7 and the PAs ψhoxa2b r3–7/CNCC element), respectively. Further, these elements were shown to be highly conserved among osteichthyans, which suggests that the r4 specifying element embedded in the UER of Hoxa2 is a deeply rooted rhombomere specifying element and the activity of this element has been modified by the evolution of flanking sequences that redirect its activity to alternative developmental compartments.
The association value of random shapes revisited

Vanderplas & Garvin (1959) found the mean association value of their random shapes to be only 38 per cent. Also, more Ss said “yes” than actually naming content. It was hypothesized that a more natural experimental procedure would lead to increased association value and increased content responses for the random shapes. Both hypotheses were supported beyond the.001 level.
The effects of dating uncertainties on net accumulation estimates from firn cores

The mean, trend and variability of net snow accumulation in firn cores are often used to validate model output, develop remote-sensing algorithms and quantify ice-sheet surface mass balance. Thus, accurately defining uncertainties associated with these in situ measurements is critical. In this study, we apply statistical simulation methods to quantify the uncertainty in firn-core accumulation data due to the uncertainty in depth–age scales. The methods are applied to a suite of firn cores from central West Antarctica. The results show that uncertainty in depth–age scales can give rise to spurious trends in accumulation that are the same order of magnitude as accumulation trends reported in West Antarctica. The depth–age scale uncertainties also significantly increase the apparent interannual accumulation variability, so these uncertainties must first be accounted for before using firn-core data to assess such processes as small-spatial-scale variability. Better quantification of error in accumulation will improve our ability to meaningfully compare firn-core data across different regions of the ice sheet, and provide appropriate targets for calibration and/or validation of model output and remote-sensing data.
Modularity Theory and Internet Regulation

Modularity is often cited as one of the foundations for the Internet’s success. Unfortunately, academic discussions about modularity appearing in the literature on Internet policy are undertheorized. The persistence of nonmodular architectures for some technologies underscores the need for some theoretical basis for determining when modularity is the preferred approach. Even when modularity is desirable, theory must provide some basis for making key design decisions, such as the number of modules, the location of the interfaces between the modules, and the information included in those interfaces. The literature on innovation indicates that modules should be determined by the nature of task interdependencies and the variety inherent in the external environment. Moreover, modularity designs interfaces to ensure that modules operate independently, with all information about processes that adjacent modules should not take into account being hidden within the module. These insights in turn offer a number of important implications. They mark a return to a more technological vision of vertical integration that deviates from the transaction-cost oriented vision that now dominates the literature. They also reveal how modularity necessarily limits the functionality of any particular architecture. In addition, although the independence fostered by modularity remains one of its primary virtues, it can also create coordination problems in which actors operating within each module optimize based on local conditions in ways that can lead to suboptimal outcomes for the system as a whole. Lastly, like any design hierarchy, modular systems can resist technological change. These insights shed new light on unbundling of telecommunications networks, network neutrality, calls for open APIs, and clean-slate redesign proposals.
Analysis on the Power Flow Trend of Three AC Cross-Sections in Main West-to-East Transmission Lines

As the scale of West-to-East HVDC power transmission in China Southern Power Grid(CSG) is increasing,the status of AC transmission lines in CSG will be changed.In consideration of the impact of some sensitive factors such as Jinzhong HVDC line possible to be put off and the hydraulic power from Southeast Xizang possible to be sent to Guangdong through Guizhou,this paper calculates the capabilities of three AC cross-sections in main West-to-East transmission lines of CSG in the twelfth Five-Year period,and analyzes their power flow trends in medium and long terms,and furthermore gives suggestions for their status issue in the period.
First Branchial Cleft Cyst.

A 3-year-old boy presented to the ED with pain in the right ear and swelling in the postauricular area. When gentle pressure was applied to the postauricular area (shown in a video), keratin debris and purulence were expressed into the osteocartilaginous junction of the ear canal.
Comparison of myoblast and satellite cell behavior on scaffolds: Analysis of proliferation and differentiation

S cells represent a population of stem cells with therapeutic potential. Past experiments using these cells found that they could not be delivered systemically; they demonstrated low levels of proliferation and differentiation in vivo. In culture, satellite cells lost their differentiation potential. Recently, there is renewed interest in the use of satellite cells as a therapeutic for traumatic muscle loss and dystrophic muscle. We want to develop a culture system that allows for the proliferation of primary satellite cells without the loss of potential. We have been systematically testing various extracellular matrix based scaffolds with added signaling factors to first induce satellite cells to proliferate and then to differentiate. Our work to date demonstrates that there is considerable data that demonstrates that C2C12 myoblasts can proliferate and differentiate on scaffolds, however these cells are immortalized and do not behave identically to satellite cells.
Conceptual Clustering, Learning from Examples, and Inference

Abstract Conceptual clustering has proved an effective means of summarizing data in an understandable manner. However, the recency of the conceptual clustering paradigm has allowed little exploration of conceptual clustering as a means of improving performance. This paper describes results obtained by COBWEB, a conceptual clustering system that organizes data so as to maximize inference abilities. The performance task for COBWEB (and implied for all conceptual clustering systems) generalizes the performance requirements typically associated with the better known task of learning from examples. Furthermore, criteria aimed at improving inference seem compatible with traditional conceptual clustering virtues of conceptual simplicity and comprehensibility.
ICE: idiom and Collocation Extractor for Research and Education

Collocation and idiom extraction are well-known challenges with many potential applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Our experimental, open-source software system, called ICE, is a python package for flexibly extracting collocations and idioms, currently in English. It also has a competitive POS tagger that can be used alone or as part of collocation/idiom extraction. ICE is available free of cost for research and educational uses in two user-friendly formats. This paper gives an overview of ICE and its perfor- mance, and briefly describes the research underlying the extraction algorithms
Lamron ℓ-groups

AbstractThe article introduces a new class of lattice-ordered groups. An l-group G is lamron if Min(G)−1 is a Hausdorff topological space, where Min(G)−1 is the space of all minimal prime subgroups...
A tethering directing group strategy for ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular alkene hydroarylation.

We report a new catalyst design for N-heterocycle synthesis that utilizes an alkene-tethered amide moiety as a directing group for aromatic C–H activation. This tethering directing group strategy is demonstrated in a ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular alkene hydroarylation with N-aryl acrylamides to form oxindole products.
Recognizing and Reacting to Risk Signs for Patient Suicide

Evidence-based suggestions for developing an effective clinician-client relationship built upon trust and honesty will be shared, as well as a review of relevant scope of practice issues for audiologists. Audiologists need to be prepared if a patient threatens self-harm. Many patients do not spontaneously report their suicidal thoughts and intentions to their care providers, so we need to be alert to warning signs. Information about the strongest predictors of suicide, how to ask about suicidal intentions, and how to assess the risk of suicide will be presented. Although it is our responsibility to recognize suicidal tendencies and have a plan for preventive intervention, it is not our responsibility to conduct a suicide evaluation. Tips for collecting critical information to be provided to qualified professionals will be shared, as well as additional information about how and to whom to disclose this information. A list of suicide warning signs will be reviewed as well as some additional suggestions for how to react when a patient discloses his or her suicidal intent. A review of available resources (for both the patient and the clinician) will be provided, along with instructions for how and when it is appropriate to access them.
Riding with Rawls: The Ethical Policy-Making Framework that Helps the Law Catch Up with Technology, Makes Social Media Fair and Balances National Security with Privacy

This paper explores public technology policies through the lens of political philosopher John Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness. Using a Rawlsian lens to analyze national policies in cases pertaining to technology-related policies in the U.S., China and to a lesser extent, Russia, the author shows how utilitarian approaches to regulation of social media and other technologies may create unfair and unethical conditions. In two cases where national security concerns motivate surveillance and censorship of social media and personal, electronic devices in both the U.S. and China, it is shown that the technology policies in question enable infringements upon individuals’ rights to privacy, freedom of expression and access to information. The specific policies are thus shown to be in direct conflict with Rawlsian ethics, as is the paternalism revealed by the strategy used to communicate them to the public. The author uses Rawls’ criticism of utilitarianism to show how these rights violations may at least partially be a result of policies borne out of a utilitarian approach, and that using Rawlsian deontology as an alternative framework may lead to more just and fair policy alternatives. The same approach is then applied to a third case, the conflict between the speed of technological development and the slower process of regulating and constructing policies for technology. The Rawlsian approach is once again shown as a viable alternative to the dominant utilitarianism, and it is argued that the price of a slower pace of technological development may be worth paying for a more just and fair interplay between technology and society.
Effect of Keller Funnel on the Rate of Capsular Contracture in Periareolar Breast Augmentation.

Background Capsular contracture is 1 of the most common complications after breast implant surgery and is a major indication for reoperation. Capsular contracture is believed to be a multifactorial process that is affected by implant texture, incision type, and ultimately pocket contamination. This contamination causes a biofilm that leads to capsular contracture. The intraoperative use of a Keller funnel is a mechanical way to decrease the implant's contact with the skin and ducts, reducing bacterial contamination that can cause these biofilms. For this reason, periareolar breast augmentation has been less popular among surgeons. The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a significant difference between the rates of capsular contracture in patients having periareolar breast augmentations with the use of a Keller funnel for insertion and those having periareolar breast augmentations without Funnel use. Methods This level 3 retrospective study followed 2 groups of patients, the first having periareolar breast augmentations without the use of a funnel for insertion (group A; patients n = 15; implants n = 30) and the second having periareolar breast augmentations with the use of a funnel for insertion (group B; patients n = 151; implants n = 300). Results The rate of capsular contracture in group A was found to be 10% compared with a rate of capsular contracture of 1.3% for patients in group B, an 87% reduction (P = 0.0019). Conclusions According to the results found in this study, the rate of capsular contracture in patients having periareolar breast augmentations after insertion with a Keller funnel was statistically significantly lower than the rate in patients having implants inserted without the assistance of a funnel, making the device useful in reducing the occurrence of postoperative capsular contracture.
GENETIC CONTROL OF RESISTANCE OF MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS, STRAIN JHM, INDUCED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

ABSTRACT Inbred mouse strains were crossed with the resistant SJL strain to detect strains carrying one of the two genes responsible for resistance to mouse hepatitis virus. Forty percent of the (SJL × BALB/c) F1's were resistant. Backcrosses of F1 on both the susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (SJL) parent revealed the expected survival rates consistent with BALB/c genotype containing the Rhv-1 resistant, Rhv-2 susceptible genotype.
Affordances of Virtual Worlds to Support STEM Project-Based Learning

Unquestionably, throughout this text, authors have built a strong case as to why engaging students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning is so important. Perhaps topping the list, are the prominent shortages that we are faced with nationally related to the preparation and early recruitment of K-12 students into various STEM fields. Equally alarming are the disparities in recruiting underserved groups (e.g. women and minorities) in STEM (Bayer Corporation, 2010). In addition, the gaps in achievement across STEM areas between white students and students of color are an ongoing challenge (Flores, 2007). In addressing these challenges, two prominent and immediate needs appear to bubble to the top. First, various stakeholders agree that students must be immersed in authentic real-world projects that actively engage them in mathematics and science learning.
A new method to handle the left-recursions for top-down parsing in compiler design

A new method for handling the left-recursions for top-down parsing is presented. This method preserves the structure of the parse tree specified by the given grammar. Besides, the parsers written based on this method are usually smaller than the parsers written based on the traditional method.
Room temperature ligand fragmentation in the reaction between PhCCo3(CO)9 and Ph2PN(Me)N(Me)PPh2. X-ray diffraction structure of PhCCo3(CO)8[Ph2PP(O)Ph2]

The cobalt cluster PhCCo3(CO)9 reacts with the bis(phosphanyl)hydrazine ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)dimethylhydrazine (dppdmh) in CH2Cl2 with added Me3NO to give the monosubstituted cluster PhCCo3(CO)8[Ph2PP(O)PPh2] as the major isolable product. The solid-state structure of this new cluster was unequivocally established by X-ray diffraction analysis, which has confirmed the presence of a noncoordinated (O)PPh2 moiety. PhCCo3(CO)8[Ph2PP(O)Ph2] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $$\bar 1$$ , a = 12.036(2), b = 12.037(2), c = 15.124(3) A, α = 84.82(1)°, β = 89.44(2)°, γ = 60.09(1)°, V = 1890.0(6) A3, Z = 2, and dcalc = 1.540 g/cm3.
Mortgage Spreads, House Prices, and Business Cycles in Emerging Countries

We investigate an unexplored link between the US mortgage spread and business cycle and house price fluctuations in emerging market economies (EMEs). An increase in the US mortgage spread leads to substantially lower output, investment, consumption, house and stock prices, and to an improvement in the trade balance-to-output ratio in EMEs. We find that the financial channel is the main transmission mechanism through which US mortgage spread shocks affect business and house price cycles in EMEs. The US mortgage spread remains a key driver of aggregate economic activity in EMEs when extending the baseline model with alternative domestic and foreign variables, such as global financial risk, and considering alternative country subgroups.
A normative approach to neuromotor control

While we can readily observe and model the dynamics of our limbs, analyzing the neurons that drive movement is not nearly as straightforward. As a result, their role in motor behavior (e.g., forward models, state estimators, controllers, etc.) remains elusive. Computational explanations of electrophysiological data often rely on firing rate models or deterministic spiking models. Yet neither can accurately describe the interactions of neurons that issue spikes, probabilistically. Here we take a normative approach by designing a probabilistic spiking network to implement LQR control for a limb model. We find typical results: cosine tuning curves, population vectors that correlate with reaching directions, low-dimensional oscillatory activity for reaches that have no oscillatory movement, and changes in neuron's tuning curves after force field adaptation. Importantly, while the model is consistent with these empirically derived correlations, we can also analyze it in terms of the known causal mechanism: an LQR controller and the probability distributions of the neurons that encode it. Redesigning the system under a different set of assumptions (e.g. a different controller, or network architecture) would yield a new set of testable predictions. We suggest this normative approach can be a framework for examining the motor system, providing testable links between observed neural activity and motor behavior.
A Zero-One Law for Deterministic 2-Party Secure Computation.

We use security in the Universal Composition framework as a means to study the \cryptographic complexity" of 2-party secure computation tasks (functionalities). We say that a functionalityF reduces to another functionalityG if there is a UC-secure protocol forF using ideal access to G. This reduction is a natural and ne-grained way to compare the relative complexities of cryptographic tasks. There are two natural \extremes" of complexity under the reduction: the trivial functionalities, which can be reduced to any other functionality; and the complete functionalities, to which any other functionality can be reduced. In this work we show that under a natural computational assumption (the existence of a protocol for oblivious transfer secure against semi-honest adversaries), there is a zero-one law for the cryptographic complexity of 2-party deterministic functionalities. Namely, every such functionality is either trivial or complete. No other qualitative distinctions exist among functionalities, under this computational assumption. While nearly all previous work classifying multi-party computation functionalities has been restricted to the case of secure function evaluation, our results are the rst to consider completeness of arbitrary reactive functionalities, which receive input and give output repeatedly throughout several rounds of interaction. One important technical contribution in this work is to initiate the comprehensive study of the cryptographic properties of reactive functionalities. We model these functionalities as nite automata and develop an automata-theoretic methodology for classifying and studying their cryptographic properties. Consequently, we completely characterize the reactive behaviors that lead to cryptographic non-triviality. Another contribution of independent interest is to optimize the hardness assumption used by Canetti et al. (STOC 2002) in showing that the common random string functionality is complete (a result independently obtained by Damg ard et al. (
Identifying relations of medications with adverse drug events using recurrent convolutional neural networks and gradient boosting

Objective To develop a natural language processing system that identifies relations of medications with adverse drug events from clinical narratives. This project is part of the 2018 n2c2 challenge. Materials and methods We developed a novel clinical named entity recognition method based on an recurrent convolutional neural network and compared it to a recurrent neural network implemented using the long-short term memory architecture, explored methods to integrate medical knowledge as embedding layers in neural networks, and investigated 3 machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forests and gradient boosting for relation classification. The performance of our system was evaluated using annotated data and scripts provided by the 2018 n2c2 organizers. Results Our system was among the top ranked. Our best model submitted during this challenge (based on recurrent neural networks and support vector machines) achieved lenient F1 scores of 0.9287 for concept extraction (ranked third), 0.9459 for relation classification (ranked fourth), and 0.8778 for the end-to-end relation extraction (ranked second). We developed a novel named entity recognition model based on a recurrent convolutional neural network and further investigated gradient boosting for relation classification. The new methods improved the lenient F1 scores of the 3 subtasks to 0.9292, 0.9633, and 0.8880, respectively, which are comparable to the best performance reported in this challenge. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of using machine learning methods to extract the relations of medications with adverse drug events from clinical narratives.
A Biomarker for Concussion: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown.

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the US, with >2.8 million patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) annually. However, the diagnosis of TBI is challenging and presents a number of difficulties, particularly at the mildest end of the spectrum: concussion. A number of groups have researched biomarkers to aid in the evaluation of TBI, and most recently in 2018 the Food and Drug Administration approved a new blood-based immunoassay biomarker using ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein to aid in head computed tomography (CT) triage. Content This review clarifies the practical challenges in assessing and implementing a new blood biomarker. It then examines the clinical context and need, as well as the evidence used to validate this new immunoassay. Summary Concussion is a multifaceted diagnosis with a need for biomarkers to assist in diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Recent articles in the lay press have revealed misunderstanding about the function of this new test, expressing hopes that this biomarker serves patients at the mildest end of the spectrum and is useful for athletes and children. None of these assumptions are correct, as this biomarker has been evaluated in patients only at the moderate end of the spectrum and has been validated only in adults presenting to the ED who have already been triaged to receive head CT, not in athletes or children. The next steps for this assay should consider clinical work flow and clarifying its intended use, including integration with existing triage methods, and validating the assay for a broader population.
The Power of Graph Convolutional Networks to Distinguish Random Graph Models: Short Version.

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are a widely used method for graph representation learning. We investigate the power of GCNs, as a function of their number of layers, to distinguish between different random graph models on the basis of the embeddings of their sample graphs. In particular, the graph models that we consider arise from graphons, which are the most general possible parameterizations of infinite exchangeable graph models and which are the central objects of study in the theory of dense graph limits. We exhibit an infinite class of graphons that are well-separated in terms of cut distance and are indistinguishable by a GCN with nonlinear activation functions coming from a certain broad class if its depth is at least logarithmic in the size of the sample graph. These results theoretically match empirical observations of several prior works. Finally, we show a converse result that for pairs of graphons satisfying a degree profile separation property, a very simple GCN architecture suffices for distinguishability. To prove our results, we exploit a connection to random walks on graphs.
Experiences in Music Performance Anxiety: Exploration of Pedagogical Instruction Among Professional Musicians

Music performance anxiety (MPA) often occurs in performing musicians with each episode of anxiety specific to past and current life experiences. This study sought to gain a deeper understanding of a few individual experiences with MPA by, first, assessing musician specific MPA experiences and, second, exploring whether or not these musicians previously had received any pedagogical assistance in managing the MPA they experienced. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the participants’ experiences leading to the development of the Four Systems Model (4SM) of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis for Music Performance Anxiety (4SM of IPA for MPA). Within this model four distinct reoccurring themes in the experiences of MPA were identified: (1) initial onset; (2) rehearsed anxiety; (3) physical, psychological, and emotional manifestations of MPA; and (4) a lack of helpful pedagogical assistance. The results exposed two significant observations. First, individual experiences of MPA vary widely despite similar explanatory themes, and, second, evidence suggested a lack of pedagogical intervention for MPA during early music education. The implications from the research indicated that understanding personal experiences of MPA should be customized to the specific musician and that further research aimed at developing pedagogical resources for MPA intervention should be conducted.
Student Self-Assessments and Peer Assessments of Video Recordings of Physical Examination Practicums in a Physical Diagnosis Course.

Purpose Self-assessments and peer assessments of video recordings of performance have been used in a variety of educational and professional training programs; however, there is no literature on the application of such performance assessments in physician assistant (PA) education. The purpose of this pilot study was to both explore the feasibility of adding video recordings of existing practicum examinations to a physical diagnosis course and evaluate students' self-assessments and peer assessments of the activity. Methods Fifty first-semester students who were enrolled in a 7-semester PA program participated. Three 15-minute practicums were recorded on students' personal smartphones and uploaded to a private YouTube channel. Students completed self- and peer-review questionnaires after each practicum, as well as a separate reflective questionnaire at the end of the course to garner their feedback of the video-recorded practicums on their physical examination (PE) performance. Results Students assessed their peers' performances more favorably than their own. Students reported increased awareness of their own verbal and nonverbal communication strengths and weaknesses with the use of video-recorded practicums, as well as increased motivation to practice. The majority of students found these sessions to have improved their performance and decreased their anxiety with performing a complete PE at the end of the course. Conclusions The use of periodic video recordings of PE practicums with both self-assessments and peer assessments increased the students' level of practice of these important skills, enhanced students' awareness of nontechnical aspects of patient examination, was well received by the majority of students, and may be implemented with minimal expense.
Are self-esteem and academic achievement reciprocally related? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.

Objective Previous research has shown that self-esteem is associated with academic achievement. However, few studies have used longitudinal data to examine how self-esteem and achievement co-develop over a long time span, and even fewer have focused on ethnic minority youth. Method We used data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) to examine the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and academic achievement from 5th to 11th grade. Global and domain-specific self-esteem (academic, honesty, peer relationships, appearance) were assessed at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using Marsh et al.'s (2005) Self-Description Questionnaire. Academic achievement was assessed at the same ages using self-reported grades and standardized test scores from school records. Results Youth with high global and academic self-esteem showed relative improvements in their grades (but not test scores), and youth who received higher grades and test scores showed relative increases in global and academic self-esteem. Youth with high honesty self-esteem showed relative increases in grades and test scores, and youth with higher grades showed relative increases in peer relationship self-esteem. Conclusion Students who feel better about themselves tend to show improvements in their grades, and getting better grades and test scores promotes more positive self-views.
Portfolio Construction: From Alpha/Risk to Portfolio Weights

In this chapter, we focus on portfolio construction. In particular, we present details of the classical mean–variance approach, including principles, algorithms, and examples of a long only and a market neutral long-short portfolio. We also discuss backtesting and portfolio performance attribution. We introduce Harry Markowitz who made important contributions to modern portfolio theory. Regarding industry insights, we show how industry practitioners build MV portfolios with practical constraints. For R programming, we discuss the structure of R codes and functions.
Configuration and Stability of HF/SF6 and HF/N2 Standard Gases

In this paper, the analysis methods of HF components in two background series of nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride were established and optimized. The uncertainty contribution in the weighing process was evaluated. The configuration of HF/SF6 and HF/N2 standard gases was established, that is, the packaging volume was 4L and 8L, and the content range of HF component was (50-100)×10-6 mol/mol. Then, the stability of the value of the standard gas is investigated, that is, the stability of the value with time and pressure, the fixed value and performance investigation. The relative expanded uncertainty of two series HF standard gas prediction is less than 6% (k=2).
Comparison of Quarterly and Yearly Calibration Data for Propensity Score Adjusted Web Survey Estimates

While web surveys have become increasingly popular as a method of data collection, there is concern that estimates obtained from web surveys may not reflect the target population of interest. Web survey estimates can be calibrated to existing national surveys using a propensity score adjustment, although requirements for the size and collection timeline of the reference data set have not been investigated. We evaluate health outcomes estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics' Research and Development web survey. In our study, the 2016 National Health Interview Survey as well as its quarterly subsets are considered as reference datasets for the web data. It is demonstrated that the calibrated health estimates overall vary little when using the quarterly or yearly data, suggesting that there is flexibility in selecting the reference dataset. This finding has many practical implications for constructing reference data, including the reduced cost and burden of a smaller sample size and a more flexible timeline.
Medicaid's Vital Role in Addressing Health and Economic Emergencies

Medicaid plays an essential role in helping states respond to crises. Medicaid guarantees federal matching funds to states, which helps with unanticipated costs associated with public health emergencies, like COVID-19, and increases in enrollment that inevitably occur during times of economic downturn. Medicaid’s joint federal/state structure, called cooperative federalism, gives states significant flexibility within federal rules that allows states to streamline eligibility and expand benefits, which is especially important during emergencies. Federal emergency declarations give the secretary of Health and Human Services temporary authority to exercise regulatory flexibility to ensure that sufficient health care is available to meet the needs of those impacted. Under federal guidance, states have implemented a variety of options to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, Congress enacted short-term legislative responses that increase federal funding for Medicaid and open new pathways for eligibility and payment for some COVID-19 testing. These responses have softened the double blow of the pandemic and its attendant recession, but more federal and state action is necessary. Congress should enact an increase in federal funding that lasts beyond the public health emergency to help states ride out the economic impact of the pandemic; provide extra funding to encourage states to adopt Medicaid expansion; offer states more funding for enrollment efforts to reach newly uninsured populations; and require state and local demographic data collection as a condition of federal funding to inform evidence-based public health efforts. State governments should use all available emergency flexibility options to streamline application and enrollment processes and take advantage of increased federal funding possibilities. This paper was prepared as part of Assessing Legal Responses to COVID-19, a comprehensive report published by Public Health Law Watch in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation and the American Public Health Association.
Draft Chromosome Sequences of a Clinical Isolate of the Free-Living Ameba Naegleria fowleri

We present the chromosome sequences of a Naegleria fowleri isolate from a human primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) case. The genome sequences were assembled from Illumina HiSeq and PacBio sequencing data and verified with the optical mapping data. This led to the identification of 37 contigs representing 37 chromosomes in N. fowleri.
School-Based Supports and Interventions to Improve Social and Behavioral Outcomes with Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Youth: A Review of Recent Quantitative Research

School discipline disproportionality has long been documented in educational research, primarily impacting Black/African American and non-White Hispanic/Latinx students. In response, federal policymakers have encouraged educators to change their disciplinary practice, emphasizing that more proactive support is critical to promoting students’ social and behavioral outcomes in school. Results from a literature review conducted nearly a decade ago indicated that there was, at that point, a paucity of empirical research related to considering students’ culture (e.g., race, ethnicity) and supporting school behavior. The purpose of this study is to replicate and expand the previous review to summarize the characteristics of the most recent school-based quantitative research addressing interventions to promote social and behavioral outcomes for racially and ethnically minoritized youth. We screened 1687 articles for inclusion in the review. Upon coding 32 eligible research studies, we found that intervention and implementer characteristics within these studies varied, but noted strong intervention effects in studies that included established evidence-based practices, adapted interventions, as well as new practices piloted with student participants. Results inform recommendations to continue to study interventions that promote positive social and behavioral outcomes for racially and ethnically minoritized students to disrupt a long history of subjection to exclusionary discipline disproportionately.
COMPARAÇÃO DA DINÂMICA DE DESEMBARQUE DE FROTAS CAMAROEIRAS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

The landings of shrimp fishery in the Nipo-Brasileira Fishery Cooperative (Sao Paulo State, Brazil) were analyzed considering data from the year of 1988. The catches of the sea-bob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) and those of the red spotted shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis and F. brasiliensis) were compared towards the shrimp and the by-catch landings. It was observed that both fleets utilized the by-catch landings as a balance mechanism to arise the fisheries economic income. The by-catch landing quantities showed different results between the fleets, which is higher in the red spotted shrimp fleet. Other details of the trawl fleets landings dynamics were discussed.
A cross-diagnostic study of Adherence to Ecological Momentary Assessment: Comparisons across study length and daily survey frequency find that early adherence is a potent predictor of study-long adherence.

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers a highly valid strategy to assess everyday functioning in people with severe mental illness. Adherence is generally good, but several questions regarding the impact of study length, daily density of sampling, and symptom severity on adherence remain. Methods EMA adherence in two separate studies was examined. One sampled participants with schizophrenia (n = 106) and healthy controls (n = 76) 7 times per day for 7 days and the other sampled participants with schizophrenia (n = 104) and participants with bipolar illness (n = 76) 3 times per day for 30 days. Participants were asked where they were, who they were with, what they were doing and how they were feeling in both studies. The impact of rates of very early adherence on eventual adherence was investigated across the samples, and adherence rates were examined for associations with mood state and most common location when answering surveys. Results Median levels of adherence were over 80% across the samples, and the 10th percentile for adherence was approximately 45% of surveys answered. Early adherence predicted study-long adherence quite substantially in every sample. Mood states did not correlate with adherence in the patient samples and being home correlated with adherence in only the bipolar sample. Implications: Adherence was quite high and was not correlated with the length of the study or the density of sampling per study day. There was a tendency for bipolar participants who were more commonly away from home to answer fewer surveys but overall adherence for the bipolar patients was quite high. These data suggest that early nonadherence is a potential predictor of eventual nonadherence and study noncompletion.
Activities, Employment and Income of Physiologists

The major functional activities of all types of scientists are research, teaching, and administration. The Survey questionnaire showed 3980 respondents to some extent engaged in research (Q, I, 73); 2520, in teaching (Q, I, 104). A more accurate measure is by time distribution, 4363 employed respondents spend approximately 54% of their total effort in research, 27% in teaching, 16% in administration, and 3% in other activities, including consulting. The detailed analyses of these replies, together with their projection in terms of average work-units or equivalent in full-time physiologists, are given in Tables V-1 and V-2.