cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear shape deformations in 485-MeV 56Fe

Detailed coincidence studies of light-charged-particle evaporation in 485-MeV $^{56}\mathrm{Au}$ reactions have recently been used to probe the features of fusion-like fission and deeply inelastic reaction mechanisms. We summarize here the average statistical properties which characterize the several identified groups of hot nuclear emitters. These properties are derived from comparisons of observed $^{4}\mathrm{He}$${/}^{1}$H energy spectra and angular distributions with model calculations. The results demonstrate remarkably low effective evaporation barriers for the very heavy composite system produced here, consistent with the trends found previously for much lighter systems.
Accelerated Discovery of Novel Ponatinib Analogs with Improved Properties for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating and common neurodegenerative disease. New insights implicating c-Abl activation as a driving force in PD have opened a new drug development avenue for PD ...
Exuberant Malakoplakia of the Prostate Presenting as Prostatic Abscesses in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Background: Malakoplakia is a rare benign lesion, usually associated with deficient intralysosomal degradation of microorganisms, more commonly, Escherichia coli. Malakoplakia occurs in various org...
Lactose-free infant formula does not change outcomes of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS): a randomized clinical trial.

To determine if lactose-free formula, compared to lactose-containing formula, decreases the cumulative morphine dose required to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). In a double-blind clinical trial, we randomized 74 infants (36–42 weeks gestation) at risk for developing NAS due to in-utero exposure to opioids to receive either lactose-free (Similac Sensitive®) or lactose-containing (Similac Advance®) infant formula. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative dose of morphine used for the treatment of NAS during the first 14 days of life. Data on 69 (4 withdrew consent and 1 ineligible)/74 randomized infants were analyzed. Patient characteristics between the infant groups fed lactose-free (n = 34) vs. lactose-containing (n = 35) infant formula were similar except more common maternal heroin abuse in the latter group (p = 0.013). Cumulative morphine dose (20.7 ± 19.8 vs. 23 ± 23.5 mg, p = 0.61) between the two groups were similar. Lactose-free vs. lactose-containing infant formula did not change the outcomes of infants with NAS.
Obesity is associated with poor clinical outcomes in BRCA mutation carriers with epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Emerging evidence suggests obesity may influence BRCA tumor biology; body mass index (BMI) appears to correlate with DNA damage in breast epithelium in BRCA women. We hypothesized that obesity negatively influences tumor biology in BRCA women with EOC, and sought to identify correlations with BMI and clinical outcomes in this population. Methods: We performed an IRB approved retrospective study. We identified patients with BRCA-associated EOC diagnosed between 1990-2015. All women underwent surgical resection with platinum-based chemotherapy. We abstracted clinical and pathologic data, and calculated BMI at the time of diagnosis. Obesity was examined per WHO criteria of normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II obesity. We performed descriptive statistics with Kaplan-Meier, Cox Proportional Hazards Regression, and univariate analyses. Results: We identified 179 women meeting criteria. Most were BRCA1 (125, or 70%); 53 (30%) were BRCA2; and 1 had both a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation. The majority had stage III/IV disease (137, 77%) and grade 3 serous histology (168, 94%); 150 patients underwent optimal cytoreduction (87%). BMI was distributed throughout the WHO strata: 101 women had normal weight; 46 were overweight; 20 had class I obesity; 12 had class II obesity. Age, medical comorbidities, and rates of optimal surgical cytoreduction were similar among these groups. In a subcohort of patients with stage III/IV disease, we identified a significant trend between increased BMI strata and poor disease-free survival (35, 32, 25, and 13.5 months, p=0.003). This was also observed for overall disease-specific survival (132, 144, 112, and 72.5 months, p=0.0306). Multivariable analyses of the entire cohort confirmed that age (p=0.035), stage (p Download : Download high-res image (114KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: We identified a significant and independent association between BMI and clinical outcome in BRCA positive women with EOC. Factors associated with obesity may negatively influence BRCA associated ovarian cancer biology, and suggest this may be a modifiable risk factor to target for therapy.
A Loop-Aware Autotuner for High-Precision Floating-Point Applications

Many scientific applications (e.g., molecular dynamics, climate modeling and astrophysical simulations) rely on floating-point arithmetic. Due to its approximate nature, the use of floating-point arithmetic can lead to inaccuracy and reproducibility issues, which can be particularly significant for long running applications. Indeed, previous work has shown that 64- bit IEEE floating-point arithmetic can be insufficient for many algorithms and applications, such as ill-conditioned linear systems, large summations, long-time or large-scale physical simulations, and experimental mathematics applications. To overcome these issues, existing work has proposed high-precision floating-point libraries (e.g., the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library), but these libraries come at the cost of significant execution time. In this work, we propose an auto-tuner for applications requiring high-precision floating-point arithmetic to deliver a prescribed level of accuracy. Our auto-tuner uses compiler analysis to discriminate operations and variables that require high-precision from those that can be handled using standard IEEE 64-bit floating-point arithmetic, and it generates a mixed precision program that trades off performance and accuracy by selectively using different precisions for different variables and operations. In particular, our auto-tuner leverages loop and data dependences analysis to quickly identify precision-sensitive variables and operations and provide results that are robust to different input datasets. We test our auto-tuner on a mix of applications with different computational patterns.
Kinetic analysis of lipid metabolism in live breast cancer cells via nonlinear optical microscopy

Combining coherent Raman scattering microscopy and deuterium labeling provides insight into metabolism in live cancer cells during cancer development and progression. The dynamic data is modeled with Michaelis-Menten-kinetics to quantify lipid synthesis and utilization in cancer cells. Changes in lipid levels are found to originate from de novo lipid synthesis using glucose as a source. In this work, we isolate fatty acid synthesis/consumption rates and elucidated effects of altered lipid metabolism in T47D breast cancer cells in response to estradiol stimulation and etomoxir treatment, dynamic processes that cannot be easily observed without the application of appropriate models.
SPaRTAN, a computational framework for linking cell-surface receptors to transcriptional regulators.

The identity and functions of specialized cell types are dependent on the complex interplay between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recently single-cell technologies have been developed that enable simultaneous quantitative analysis of cell-surface receptor expression with transcriptional states. To date, these datasets have not been used to systematically develop cell-context-specific maps of the interface between signaling and transcriptional regulators orchestrating cellular identity and function. We present SPaRTAN (Single-cell Proteomic and RNA based Transcription factor Activity Network), a computational method to link cell-surface receptors to transcription factors (TFs) by exploiting cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) datasets with cis-regulatory information. SPaRTAN is applied to immune cell types in the blood to predict the coupling of signaling receptors with cell context-specific TFs. Selected predictions are validated by prior knowledge and flow cytometry analyses. SPaRTAN is then used to predict the signaling coupled TF states of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesotheliomas. SPaRTAN enhances the utility of CITE-seq datasets to uncover TF and cell-surface receptor relationships in diverse cellular states.
The Pricing of Tender Offer Target Stock: Do Prices Reflect Rational Expectations?

This paper examines the pricing of stocks that are the targets of cash tender offers. I find that while actual tender offer spreads can be reasonably well explained by a simple model of tender-offer pricing using only ex-ante publicly available information, portfolios of target stocks with spreads wider than those predicted by the model earn significantly positive abnormal returns in a holdout sample, particularly during the "hot" M&A market of the late 1990's. These positive abnormal returns are generated by deals with unusually wide announcement spreads and frequent competing bids resulting in offer-price increases. These findings suggest that, especially during "hot" M&A markets when the probability of competing offers is non-trivial, the pricing of target shares is less than fully efficient, and allows merger arbitrageurs to earn abnormally high profits. The fact that competition in the merger arbitrage market does not compete these returns away is puzzling, but is consistent with the notion that competing bids are a source of profit in merger arbitrage that are potentially underestimated by professional arbitrageurs.
Robustness of Safety for Linear Dynamical Systems: Symbolic and Numerical Approaches.

In this paper, we study the robustness of safety properties of a linear dynamical system with respect to model uncertainties. Our paper involves three parts. In the first part, we provide symbolic (analytical) and numerical (representation based) techniques for computing the reachable set of uncertain linear systems. We further prove a relationship between the reachable set of a linear uncertain system and the maximum singular value of the uncertain dynamics matrix. Finally, we propose two heuristics to compute the robustness threshold of the system -- the maximum uncertainty that can be introduced to the system without violating the safety property. We evaluate the reachable set computation techniques, effects of singular values, and estimation of robustness threshold on two case studies from varied domains, illustrating the applicability, practicality and scalability of the artifacts, proposed in this paper, on real-world examples. We further evaluate our artifacts on several linear dynamical system benchmarks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to: (i) extend perturbation theory to compute reachable sets of linear uncertain systems, (ii) leverage the relationship between the reachable set of a linear system and the maximum singular values to determine the effect of uncertainties and (3) estimate the threshold of robustness that can be tolerated by the system while remaining safe.
Don't let the pigeon chair the search committee: Pigeons (Columba livia) match humans' (Homo sapiens) suboptimal approach to the secretary problem.

The secretary problem is a notorious mathematical puzzle in which one attempts to hire the best available candidate from a pool of known size. Under specific constraints, the problem has an ideal solution, but it is difficult for humans to solve. In particular, humans generally consider too few options from the available pool and in doing so make inferior hires. Three experiments investigated pigeons' and humans' choices on a version of the secretary problem. Pigeons performed suboptimally by choosing too soon, but suffered only limited costs to their rate of earned reinforcement. Depending on the instruction set, human participants approximated either prior suboptimal human results or current pigeons' results. These results may provide some insight into what makes the problem difficult to solve and how the secretary problem connects with decisions in the real world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Demeaning, Demoralizing, and Disenfranchising Divorced Dads: A Review of the Literature

Abstract The most recent research demonstrates that too many fathers are demeaned, demoralized and disenfranchised after divorce in ways that make it difficult for them to maintain close relationships with their own children. Divorced fathers' relationships are often influenced by: our misconceptions about divorced men, our idealized beliefs about motherhood, our erroneous beliefs about fatherhood, our divorce and custody laws, the mother's attitudes towards the father, each parent's style of relating to the children, the child's gender, and the accuracy of children's memories. The ways in which the mother influences the father's relationship with the children after divorce are also discussed.
Lossless data compression core design for integrated space data and communication system-on-chip

A CCSDS-compliant lossless data compressor core for space data and communication system-on-chip designs has been developed to meet the increasing strong demands on high-bandwidth high-speed space data systems. This data compressor core is based on CCSDS lossless data compression standard and designed with space-qualified 150-nm CMOS technology. It occupies a compact chip area of about 700/spl mu/m /spl times/ 700 /spl mu/m. The total power dissipation is 0.2 watts at a throughput rate of 66 Msamples/sec. This compressor core meets low-power, high-throughput, and user-transparent requirements and will be one of valuable silicon intellectual properties for developing next generation high-performance system-on-chip based space data and communication systems.
Greedy Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for sparse target detection and counting in WSN

The recently emerged Compressed Sensing (CS) theory has widely addressed the problem of sparse targets detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the aim of reducing the deployment cost and energy consumption. In this paper, we apply CS approach for both sparse events recovery and counting. We first propose a novel Greedy version of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (GOMP) algorithm allowing to account for the decomposition matrix non orthogonality. Then, in order to reduce the GOMP computational load, we propose a two-stages version of GOMP, the 2S-GOMP, which separates the events detection and counting steps. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms achieve a better tradeoff between performance and computational load when compared to the recently proposed GMP algorithm and its two stages version denoted 2S-GMP.
Cytarabine plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative merits of idarubicin and daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Thirty-two sites provided 214 previously untreated adults with AML aged 15 years or more who were randomized to receive for induction therapy cytarabine 100 mg/m2/d as a continuous 7-day infusion plus either daunorubicin 45 mg/m2/d (A + D) or idarubicin 13 mg/m2/d (A + I), daily on the first three days of treatment. Postremission therapy consisted of two courses of the induction regimen at the same daily doses, with the anthracycline administered for 2 days and cytarabine for 5. The complete response (CR) rates for evaluable patients were 70% (A + I) and 59% (A + D) (P = .08). The difference in CR rates was significant in patients aged 18 to 50 years (88% for A + I, 70% for A + D, P = .035). Resistant disease was a significantly more frequent cause of induction therapy failure with A + D than with A + I. Hyperleukocytosis (white blood cell count greater than 50,000/microL) unfavorably affected the attainment of CR with A + D but not with A + I. CR duration was significantly greater after A + I. CR duration was significantly greater after A + I treatment, and the survival of all randomized patients treated with A + I was significantly better than that observed after A + D treatment (median 12.9 months v 8.7 months, respectively, P = .038). Toxicity of the two treatments was similar, although A + I patients experienced more prolonged myelosuppression during consolidation therapy, and a greater incidence of mild chemical hepatitis was observed in the A + I group. It is concluded that, at the doses and schedule used in this study, A + I is superior to A + D for induction therapy of AML in adults.
Respiration of Wild Type and Extrachromosomal Mutants of Neurospora crassa

The specific rates of respiration of cells of wild type and four extrachromosomal mutants of Neurospora crassa were measured throughout the vegetative growth cycle. Two forms of respiration were observed: (i) cyanide sensitive; and (ii) cyanide resistant, salicyl hydroxamate sensitive. These two forms are called terminal and alternate, respectively. The former proceeds by the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and involves the cytochromes; the latter apparently proceeds by the initial portion of the electron transfer chain and does not involve cytochromes. Large and rapid changes of both the terminal and alternate respiratory activities occurred during the vegetative growth cycle. The kinetics of these changes in wild type were compared under some conditions which inhibit protein synthesis and others in which the nitrogen source was varied. The kinetics of the changes of the two forms of respiration of mutants differed from those normally exhibited by wild type, but with varied experimental conditions wild type could be made to resemble the mutants. The results of these studies are discussed in terms of a dynamic model of regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in the coordination of the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
Future Large-Scale Surveys of ‘Interesting’ Stars in the Halo and Thick Disk of the Galaxy

The age of slow, methodical, star-by-star, single-slit spectroscopic observations of rare stars in the halo and thick disk of the Milky Way has come to an end. The use of new spectroscopic survey techniques which obtain large sky coverage to faint magnitudes will enable substantially better ‘return on investment’ in the near future. We review the present state of surveys for low metallicity, field horizontal-branch, and sdM stars in the Galaxy, and describe new lines of attack which should open the way to a more than hundredfold increase in the numbers of interesting stars with available spectroscopic information.
p 1 / 2 hole states in odd- A Na nuclei

Simple weak-coupling calculations for {sup 23,25,27}Na demonstrate that the lowest J=1/2 proton-hole state should lie near 5 MeV in {sup 27}Na.
ENHANCING HISPANIC PARTICIPATION IN MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL RESEARCH: DEVELOPMENT OF A SPANISH‐SPEAKING DEPRESSION RESEARCH SITE

BACKGROUND: Hispanics, particularly those with limited English proficiency, are underrepresented in psychiatric clinical research studies. We developed a bilingual and bicultural research clinic dedicated to the recruitment and treatment of Spanish-speaking subjects in the Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) study, a large clinical trial of treatment-naive subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Demographic and clinical data derived from screening evaluations of the first 1,174 subjects presenting for participation were compared between the Spanish-speaking site (N = 275) and the primary English-speaking site (N = 899). Reasons for ineligibility (N = 888) for the PReDICT study were tallied for each site. RESULTS: Compared to English speakers, Spanish speakers had a lower level of education and were more likely to be female, uninsured, and have uncontrolled medical conditions. Clinically, Spanish speakers demonstrated greater depression severity, with higher mean symptom severity scores, and a greater number of previous suicide attempts. Among the subjects who were not randomized into the PReDICT study, Spanish-speaking subjects were more likely to have an uncontrolled medical condition or refuse participation, whereas English-speaking subjects were more likely to have bipolar disorder or a non-MDD depressive disorder. CONCLUSION: Recruitment of Hispanic subjects with MDD is feasible and may enhance efforts at signal detection, given the higher severity of depression among Spanish-speaking participants presenting for clinical trials. Specific approaches for the recruitment and retention of Spanish-speaking participants are required. Language: en
Differential ammonia decay kinetics indicates more than one concurrent etiological mechanism for symptomatic hyperammonemia caused by valproate overdose

Valproic acid (VPA) has successfully been used in the therapy of a number of conditions including absence seizures, partial seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, social phobias, neuropathic pain and migraine headaches. There is a high rise in number of cases of toxicity due to overdose of VPA. Hyperammonemia, a common side-effect of VPA, is caused by several proposed etiologies, reported as having uncertain correlation with VPA dose or concentration. We present here a case of a 25-year-old female patient with a past history of psychiatric complaints, presented with elevated serum VPA levels associated with elevated venous ammonia levels subsequent to VPA overdose. Later in the presence of sub-therapeutic serum VPA levels her venous ammonia levels remained raised and slowly down-trending. VPA levels and ammonia levels were found to be normal after 14 days. Patient was treated with levocarnitine. Her liver enzymes were never elevated. Different decay kinetics of venous ammonia in presence of high and low concentrations of VPA indicates that VPA can cause symptomatic hyperammonemia via more than one concurrent etiological mechanism. In this patient, the mechanisms causing hyperammonia secondary to VPA use were not related to hepatic damage or carnitine deficiency.
LMP-420: a novel purine nucleoside analog with potent cytotoxic effects for CLL cells and minimal toxicity for normal hematopoietic cells.

LMP-420: a novel purine nucleoside analog with potent cytotoxic effects for CLL cells and minimal toxicity for normal hematopoietic cells
Small, Mobile FcɛRI Receptor Aggregates Are Signaling Competent

Crosslinking of IgE-bound FcepsilonRI triggers mast cell degranulation. Previous fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and phosphorescent anisotropy studies suggested that FcepsilonRI must immobilize to signal. Here, single quantum dot (QD) tracking and hyperspectral microscopy methods were used for defining the relationship between receptor mobility and signaling. QD-IgE-FcepsilonRI aggregates of at least three receptors remained highly mobile over extended times at low concentrations of antigen that induced Syk kinase activation and near-maximal secretion. Multivalent antigen, presented as DNP-QD, also remained mobile at low doses that supported secretion. FcepsilonRI immobilization was marked at intermediate and high antigen concentrations, correlating with increases in cluster size and rates of receptor internalization. The kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked secretion without affecting immobilization or internalization. We propose that immobility is a feature of highly crosslinked immunoreceptor aggregates and a trigger for receptor internalization, but is not required for tyrosine kinase activation leading to secretion.
Book Reviews Review Of What if there were No Significance Tests

This book review first explores the treatment within the volume What If There Were No Significance Tests? of five selected major themes: (a) effect sizes, (b) the "nil" null hypothesis, (c) power a...
Genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer

Although cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for several epithelial cancers, only a small fraction of individuals with tobacco exposure develop cancer. The underlying hypothesis is that genetic factors may render certain smokers more susceptible to cancer than others. Genetic alterations in critical regulatory pathways may predispose cells to carcinogenesis. These pathways include regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; control of genomic stability, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and telomere length; and control of microenvironmental factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammation and growth factors. In addition, epigenetic events, such as promoter hypermethylation and loss of imprinting, are also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer. Emphasizing on risk assessment, we will describe how genetic variations in the above-mentioned genetic pathways modify the tobacco-related cancer risk. In addition, we will discuss how genetic variations may assist in predicting clinical outcome, such as the natural history of cancer and treatment response. The measurements of genetic susceptibility by both genotypic and phenotypic assays are covered in the text. Finally, we present a number of current concerns that need to be addressed as the exciting field of molecular cancer epidemiology advances rapidly.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES WITH AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES AND THYROIDITIS: EVIDENCE FOR COMMON AND UNIQUE GENES

Context: Epidemiological data suggest a common genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Objective: Our objective was to identify the joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD. Design: We conducted a family-based linkage and association study. Setting: The study took place at an academic medical center. Participants: Participants included 55 multiplex families (290 individuals) in which T1D and AITD clustered (T1D-AITD families). Main Outcome Measures: We conducted tests for linkage and family-based associations (transmission disequilibrium test) with four candidate genes: human leukocyte antigen (HLA), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), insulin variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and thyroglobulin. Results: Linkage evidence to HLA appeared when subjects with either T1D or AITD were considered affected [maximum LOD score (MLS), 2.2]. The major HLA haplotype contributing to the shared susceptibility was DR3-DQB1*0201, with DR3 conferri...
Compton scattering cross-sections for individual subshells for a few elements of biological interest in the energy region 5 keV–10 MeV

Abstract Total Compton scattering cross-sections for the individual subshells of a few elements (H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe) that are the predominant constituents of biological materials are evaluated for photon energies from 5 keV to 10 MeV. These cross sections were calculated within the nonrelativistic impulse approximation, utilizing tabulated values of the Compton profile. These data are expected to be of use in detailed simulations of photon transport in matter. Cross sections for the whole atom, obtained by summing over the subshell data, are shown to be in agreement with previous tabulations.
Reactivity and Immunogenicity of Monovalent A/New Jersey/76 Influenza Virus Vaccines in Children

This paper presents the methodology of the multicenter collaborative clinical trials that evaluated monovalent A/New Jersey/76 influenza virus vaccines in healthy children six months to 18 years of age and describes the experience involving 264 children six months to 10 years of age in Omaha, Nebraska. Results indicated that chidren can be safely and effectively immunized with carefully adjusted two-dose regimens that take into account the differences between split-virus and whole-virus vaccines and between the two whole-virsu vaccines.
The effect of pregnancy on metabolic responses during rest, immersion, and aerobic exercise in the water

To examine the effects of advancing pregnancy on metabolic responses, 12 women, who were recruited early in pregnancy, were studied during 20 minutes of immersion in 30 degrees C water, followed by 20 minutes of exercise in the water (60% of predicted maximal capacity) and 20 minutes of lateral supine recovery. Each subject completed the trials during the fifteenth, twenty-fifth, and thirty-fifth weeks of pregnancy, as well as a control period 8 to 10 weeks post partum. Resting oxygen uptake increased with advancing pregnancy. Resting oxygen uptake was higher in the water than on land but was not altered by pregnancy. Exercise oxygen uptakes were similar for all trials, but the work load required to elicit the VO2 decreased during the thirty-fifth week of pregnancy. Exercise heart rates followed the same pattern as oxygen uptake. Lactate concentrations declined with advancing pregnancy after exercise. Blood glucose levels were normal for pregnancy but declined slightly during exercise. Blood triglyceride levels were elevated with exercise, with a tendency to increase with advancing pregnancy. Resting plasma cortisol concentrations increased with pregnancy but remained lower during immersion and exercise. These results suggest that pregnancy significantly alters metabolic responses to exercise in the water.
A New Zoraena (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) from Eastern North America, with a Key to the Adult Cordulegastridae of America

A brief taxonomic and nomenclatural history of Zoraena Kirby and its species is presented. The adults of Z. bilineata n. sp. are described, and Z. bilineata n. sp., Z. diastatops (Selys), and Z. sayi (Selys) are figured. The new species may be readily distinguished from other species of Zoraena by the brown base color and less extensive yellow markings of the body, and by the shape of the male terminalia. The type locality is in western Virginia, and the type series includes specimens collected in an area extending from Delaware and Michigan to Mississippi and Georgia. The new species inhabits spring runs where the males characteristically perch on sunlit plant stems. A key to adult American Cordulegastridae is provided, and the taxonomic position of Zoraena and related genera is discussed.
Common issues and concerns in the newborn nursery, part II.

General pediatricians and family practice physicians frequently receive calls from the nursery about babies that ‘‘just aren’t right,’’ or on the routine newborn examination they discover some finding that needs further evaluation. With over 4 million babies born in the United States each year, these can be common occurrences. Occasionally the call is about something that needs urgent attention, such as dusky spells, tachypnea, a significant heart murmur, a seizure, or a physical anomaly. Sometimes it is an unusual rash or skin lesion or a low glucose level. It could be something in maternal history to make one consider further evaluation, such as HIV positivity, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, substance abuse, early delivery because of poor intrauterine growth, or postpartum depression, or a decision about which medication the mother can use that is compatible with breastfeeding. Finding guidance, guidelines, or answers can be difficult, because neonatology texts are written for the complicated problems that occur in the neonatal intensive care unit, not for general pediatricians or the newborn nursery. These two issues of the Pediatric Clinics of North America (‘‘Common Issues and Concerns in the Newborn Nursery’’ parts I and II) are designed to address many of the concerns and diagnostic dilemmas that the physician is faced with in the care of a newborn. We have invited many authors to contribute their expertise and talents to delineate an evaluation scheme and treatment options, as well as the consideration of transport to facilities that offer a higher level of care, if necessary.
Partial Irreversible Demagnetization Assessment of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine Using Ferrite Permanent Magnet Material

This paper investigates the partial irreversible demagnetization characteristics of magnets in flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines. Two different partial demagnetization mechanisms in the FSPM machines are modeled and demonstrated. The 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA) results for a baseline 10 kW 15 kr/min ferrite FSPM machine verify the validity of the proposed partial demagnetization model. Performance degradation due to demagnetization is evaluated for the baseline machine based on the FEA results. This paper also proposes a novel design to enhance the demagnetization withstand capability. This research reveals the most vulnerable region of the magnet to irreversible demagnetization in the FSPM machines. It also provides a guideline for developing demagnetization withstand capability improvement techniques.
Limited wrist arthrodesis. Part II: Intercarpal and radiocarpal combinations

Fusion of selected bones of the carpus occasionally combined with the radius or metacarpal bases, has been used to treat a wide variety of serious pathologic conditons of the wrist. Indications include severe localized degenerative arthritis and posttraumatic changes secondary to subluxation, dislocation, or residual instability resulting in significant pain. The procedure was performed on 28 wrists in 26 patients. There were three failures to obtain union initially, two of which united after secondary grafting procedures. All patients had less pain and most had functional, though limited, ranges of wrist motion. Limited wrist arthrodesis provides a workable alternative to complete wrist fusion and Silastic wrist arthroplasty for many wrists with localized destruction.
Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase by ganglion cells of the albino rat retina

Abstract After introduction of small amounts of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into known visual centers of the brain, retinal ganglion cells projecting to these regions were detected by the accumulation of HRP-positive granules in their somata. Control experiments indicated that the HRP-positive granules had reached the ganglion cell somata by retrograde axonal transport, and did not represent blood-borne or endogenous peroxidase. Using this technique, it has been determined that axons of both large and medium-sized neurons in the ganglion cell layer of adult and immature rat retinae terminate in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body, and that characteristic displaced ganglion cells with axonal connections to these visual centers occur regularly in these retinae. In addition, certain small cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer are described which may represent glia or interneurons, or ganglion cells which lack the ability to transport peroxidase or which lack central connections to these visual centers of the brain.
Reanalysis of boron adsorption on soils and soil minerals using the constant capacitance model

Inclusion of microscopic information improved the ability of the constant capacitance model to provide a quantitative description of B adsorption on various Al and Fe oxides, clay minerals, and arid-zone soils as a function of solution pH. The same set of B surface complexation reactions was used for all adsorbing surfaces. This study tests the ability of the model to describe B adsorption using surface configurations that had been observed experimentally. In the present model application, both trigonal, B(OH){sub 3}, and tetrahedral, B(OH){sub 4}{sup {minus}}, B surface complexes are postulated, consistent with experimental spectroscopic results. Boron surface complexation constants for Al and Fe oxides and kaolinites are not statistically significantly different from each other. Boron surface complexation constants for kaolinites are statistically significantly different from those for 2:1 clays and soils. Boron surface complexation constants for 2:1 clays and soils are not statistically significantly different from each other, reflecting the dominance of 2:1 clay minerals in B adsorption reactions in arid-zone soils. Average sets of B surface complexation constants provided adequate descriptions of B adsorption behavior on all adsorbents studied, indicating some predictive capability. The constant capacitance model was able to predict B adsorption behavior on additional arid-zone soils usingmore » the average set of B surface complexation constants.« less
Trend-based asset flow in technical analysis and securities marketing

This article generalizes the asset flow model of the dynamics of equity prices to multiple groups of investors with distinct strategies and assessments of value. Applications include the closed-end fund puzzle, government privatizations, and marketing of initial and secondary offerings of equities. The generalized model is used to provide a theoretical foundation for the practice of technical analysis, in which price history and patterns are examined in order to obtain an indication of future prices. The asset flow model, which is an extension of price adjustment due to disequilibria, tracks the finite assets of each group and involves a preference function that is governed by the price trend in addition to the fundamental value of the equity. The system, which consists of a system of ordinary differential equations, uses four parameters that characterize the extent to which investors' preferences are governed by trend versus fundamental value, and the time scales associated with each motivation. The evolution toward equilibrium is found to be much more complex than the monotonic change that is implied by standard price theories. Finally, the time scale for the return to equilibrium, a concept crucial to securities marketing, is considered in a precise quantitative context. The asset flow approach provides a unified explanation for many of the basic patterns of technical analysis and market phenomena. In particular, the origin of a typical bubble can be explained on the basis of trend-based investors entering a market hitherto dominated by value-based investors. Thus, a channel of increasing prices yields to a breakout from a trend line. The formation of triangle patterns in prices has its origin in the emergence of a second group of investors, with a different assessment of value, that offers fresh supply or demand near a particular price. The article also considers applications to the marketing of securities, consumer preferences which are logically influenced by the popular trend (e.g., VHS versus Beta or long-distance telephone companies) and (particularly three-way) elections. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrophysiological evidence of adult human skeletal muscle fibres with multiple endplates and polyneuronal innervation

Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded using intramuscular electrodes at six different sites in the brachioradialis muscles during voluntary isometric contractions in four subjects. The potential waveforms and discharge patterns of up to 12 simultaneously active motor units were identified from each signal using computer-aided decomposition. Out of a total of 301 motor unit potentials identified, 23 potentials exhibited behaviour consistent with having been generated by muscle fibres that were innervated by two different motoneurons at widely separated endplates. These potentials discharged in association with two different motor units, but were blocked or delayed whenever the two motor units discharged within a few milliseconds of one another. The blocking was consistent with a collision or refractoriness when one motoneuron tried to excite the fibre while it was already conducting an action potential initiated by the other motoneuron. The delays were consistent with decreased conduction velocity associated with incomplete recovery of the fibre after a preceding action potential. From the temporal separation between the discharges of the two motoneurons that resulted in blocking, the spatial separation between the endplates was estimated to be between 26 and 44 mm. These findings challenge the classical concept of the motor unit as an anatomically distinct and functionally independent entity. It is suggested that the human brachioradialis muscle may contain both long, polyneuronally innervated fibres and short, serially linked, singly innervated fibres.
Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics

Abstract On the basis of certain assumptions a conclusion is reached in this paper that, in SU(3)c|QCD withn flavors, theSU(n)L⊗SU(n)R chiral symmetry must break down dynamically for anyn, except possibly for one theory containing a special number of flavorsn = n*. This result is based on the following assumptions: (1) confinement of light as well as ultra heavy quarks inside baryons, (2) decoupling of ultra heavy quarks in the presence of nonperturbative effects of confinement, (3) validity of 't Hooft's anomaly matching conditions, and (4) absence of phase transitions for the indices of baryons at special values of quark masses, where chiral symmetries may undergo phase transitions. The arguments hold with three colors as well as an arbitrary number of colors.
Structural similarities between MutT and the C-terminal domain of MutY.

One of the functions of MutY from Escherchia coli is removal of adenine mispaired with 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common lesion in oxidatively damaged DNA. MutY is composed of two domains: the larger N-terminal domain (p26) contains the catalytic properties of the enzyme while the C-terminal domain (p13) affects substrate recognition and enzyme turnover. On the basis of sequence analyses, it has been recently suggested that the C-terminal domain is distantly related to MutT, a dNTPase which hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP [Noll et al. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 6374−6379]. We have studied the solution structure of the C-terminal domain of MutY by NMR and find striking similarity with the reported solution structure of MutT. Despite low sequence identity between the two proteins, they have similar secondary structure and topology. The C-terminal domain of MutY is composed of two α-helices and five β-strands. The NOESY data indicate that the protein has two β-sheets. MutT is also a mixed α/β protein with two ...
Transport Effects Induced by Resistive Ballooning Modes and Comparison with High- β p ISX- B Tokamak Confinement

The transport effects induced by resistive ballooning modes are estimated from a theory, and are found to be mainly thermal electron conduction losses. An expression for electron thermal diffusivity ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{e}$ is derived. The theoretical predictions agree well with experimental values of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{e}$ obtained from power balance for the ISX-$B$ plasmas at high poloidal beta.
Higher-dimensional unification

Abstract Recent developments in Kaluza-Klein theory are reviewed with special emphasis on eleven-dimensional supergravity and its preferential compactification to four dimensions.
Thioredoxin and Lipoic Acid Catalyze the Denitrosation of Low Molecular Weight and Protein S-Nitrosothiols

The nitrosation of cellular thiols has attracted much interest as a regulatory mechanism that mediates some of the pathophysiological effects of nitric oxide (NO). In cells, virtually all enzymes contain cysteine residues that can be subjected to S-nitrosation, whereby this process often acts as an activity switch. Nitrosation of biological thiols is believed to be mediated by N2O3, metal−nitrosyl complexes, and peroxynitrite. To date, however, enzymatic pathways for S-denitrosation of proteins have not been identified. Herein, we present experimental evidence that two ubiquitous cellular dithiols, thioredoxin and dihydrolipoic acid, catalyze the denitrosation of S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitrosocaspase 3, S-nitrosoalbumin, and S-nitrosometallothionenin to their reduced state with concomitant generation of nitroxyl (HNO), the one-electron reduction product of NO. In these reactions, formation of NO and HNO was assessed by ESR spectrometry, potentiometric measurements, and quantification of hydroxylamine and...
Subsurface microstructure evolution and deformation mechanism of Ag–Cu eutectic alloy after dry sliding wear

Abstract Dry sliding wear behavior of nanostructured eutectic Ag–Cu with grain size ~114 nm was investigated using pin-on-disc testing. The subsurface microstructure and texture evolution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nano-beam diffraction, and high angle annular dark field. During sliding wear, plastic deformation transforms the subsurface material into hierarchical microstructures. At depths of 1–15 μm below the sliding surface, a two phase (Ag-rich and Cu-rich) nano-lamellar structure is observed, where the layer thickness decreases from 98 nm at a depth of 15 μm to 11 nm at a depth of 1 μm. Right below the sliding surface, where an equivalent strain of 7.1 was estimated, wear induced plastic deformation drives the subsurface material into a non-equilibrium super-saturated solid solution phase, with ~9 nm equiaxed nano-grains. These refined microstructures led to significant work-hardening in the subsurface material, as revealed by nanoindentation testing. Finally, the microstructure evolution and the underlying deformation mechanism of Ag–Cu are discussed on the basis of these characterizations.
Nitric Oxide Exposure Inhibits Endothelial NOS Activity But Not Gene Expression: A Role For Superoxide And Peroxynitrite • 1937

Recent studies have characterized a rebound pulmonary vasoconstriction with abrupt withdrawal of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) during therapy for pulmonary hypertension. Although it has been suggested that inhaled NO may down-regulate basal NO production, the exact mechanism of this rebound pulmonary hypertension remains unclear. The objectives of these studies were to determine the effect of NO exposure on endothelial NOS (eNOS) gene expression and enzyme activity. The addition of NO donors had no effect on eNOS mRNA or protein levels, in cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, but did produce a significant decrease in enzyme activity. Although NO treatment induced protein kinase C (PKC) dependent eNOS phosphorylation, blockade of PKC activity did not protect against the effects of NO. Superoxide levels were elevated in the presence of NO-donors and when the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, or the superoxide scavenger, 4,5-dihydroxy-1-benzene-disulphonic acid, were co-incubated with NO donors, the inhibitory effects on eNOS activity could be partially alleviated. This suggests that NO stimulates xanthine oxidase causing an increase in cellular superoxide generation. It is known that the reaction between NO and superoxide produces peroxynitrite which can cause the nitrosylation of proteins and subsequent inactivation. To further evaluate the potential effect of peroxynitrite on eNOS activity we purified eNOS protein using a yeast expression system. The presence of peroxynitrite was found to significantly reduce the activity of the purified eNOS protein. These data suggest that peroxynitrite reacts with the eNOS protein resulting in enzyme inactivation. This may explain, at least in part, how NO causes NOS inhibition in vivo, and may delineate the mechanism of rebound pulmonary hypertension following withdrawal of inhaled NO.