cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are morbidity and mortality conferences DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) or can they be revived

Value of the morbidity and mortality conferences Many physicians were trained when morbidity and mortality (M & M) conferences, although often harrowing experiences, were also the educational highlights of our residencies. We not only learned that we were answerable for our morbidity/adverse events (AEs) and mortality of our patients, but also learned that our mentors had the same inherent accountability, concerns, and responsibilities. In short, we all had to acknowledge, learn, and teach from our shortcomings to avoid repeating them.
Integrating Global Gene Expression and Radiation Survival Parameters across the 60 Cell Lines of the National Cancer Institute Anticancer Drug Screen

The 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute Anticancer Drug Screen (NCI-60) constitute the most extensively characterized in vitro cancer cell model. They have been tested for sensitivity to more than 100,000 potential chemotherapy agents and have been profiled extensively at the DNA, RNA, protein, functional, and pharmacologic levels. We have used the NCI-60 cell lines and three additional lines to develop a database of responses of cancer cells to ionizing radiation. We compared clonogenic survival, apoptosis, and gene expression response by microarray. Although several studies have profiled relative basal gene expression in the NCI-60, this is the first comparison of large-scale gene expression changes in response to genotoxic stress. Twenty-two genes were differentially regulated in cells with low survival after 2-Gy gamma-rays; 14 genes identified lines more sensitive to 8 Gy. Unlike reported basal gene expression patterns, changes in expression in response to radiation showed little tissue-of-origin effect, except for differentiating the lymphoblastoid cell lines from other cell types. Basal expression patterns, however, discriminated well between radiosensitive and more resistant lines, possibly being more informative than radiation response signatures. The most striking patterns in the radiation data were a set of genes up-regulated preferentially in the p53 wild-type lines and a set of cell cycle regulatory genes down-regulated across the entire NCI-60 panel. The response of those genes to gamma-rays seems to be unaffected by the myriad of genetic differences across this diverse cell set; it represents the most penetrant gene expression response to ionizing radiation yet observed.
Towards a Game-Theoretic Framework for Information Retrieval

The task of information retrieval (IR) has traditionally been defined as to rank a collection of documents in response to a query. While this definition has enabled most research progress in IR so far, it does not model accurately the actual retrieval task in a real IR application, where users tend to be engaged in an interactive process with multipe queries, and optimizing the overall performance of an IR system on an entire search session is far more important than its performance on an individual query. In this talk, I will present a new game-theoretic formulation of the IR problem where the key idea is to model information retrieval as a process of a search engine and a user playing a cooperative game, with a shared goal of satisfying the user's information need (or more generally helping the user complete a task) while minimizing the user's effort and the resource overhead on the retrieval system. Such a game-theoretic framework offers several benefits. First, it naturally suggests optimization of the overall utility of an interactive retrieval system over a whole search session, thus breaking the limitation of the traditional formulation that optimizes ranking of documents for a single query. Second, it models the interactions between users and a search engine, and thus can optimize the collaboration of a search engine and its users, maximizing the "combined intelligence" of a system and users. Finally, it can serve as a unified framework for optimizing both interactive information retrieval and active relevance judgment acquisition through crowdsourcing. I will discuss how the new framework can not only cover several emerging directions in current IR research as special cases, but also open up many interesting new research directions in IR.
Rapid developmental emergence of stable depolarization during wakefulness by inhibitory balancing of cortical network excitability

The ability to generate behaviorally appropriate cortical network states is central to sensory perception and plasticity, but little is known about the timing and mechanisms of their development. I paired intracellular and extracellular recordings in the visual cortex of awake infant rats to determine the synaptic and circuit mechanisms regulating the development of a key network state, the persistent and stable subthreshold membrane potential (Vm) depolarization associated with wakefulness/alertness in cortical networks, called the “desynchronized” or “activated” state. Current-clamp recordings reveal that the desynchronized state is absent during the first 2 postnatal weeks, despite behavioral wakefulness. During this period, Vm remains at the resting membrane potential >80% of the time, regardless of behavioral state. Vm dynamics during spontaneous or light-evoked activity were highly variable, contained long-duration supratheshold plateau potentials, and high spike probability, suggesting an unstable and hyperexcitable early cortical network. Voltage-clamp recordings reveal that effective feedforward inhibition is absent at these early ages despite the presence of feedback inhibition. Stable membrane depolarization during wakefulness finally emerges 1–2 d before eye opening and is statistically indistinguishable from that in adults within days. Reduced cortical excitability, fast feedforward inhibition, and the slow cortical oscillation appear simultaneously with stable depolarization, suggesting that an absence of inhibitory balance during early development prevents the expression of the active state and hence a normal wakeful state in early cortex. These observations identify feedforward inhibition as a potential key regulator of cortical network activity development.
Marginal adaptation of direct composite and sandwich restorations in Class II cavities with cervical margins in dentin

Abstract Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of direct Class II sandwich restorations with resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and compomers in comparison to base and total bond restorations. For sandwich restorations with a triple cure resin-modified glass-ionomer cement the influence of different light curing techniques was also evaluated. Methods : Large butt-joint Class II cavities with cervical margins 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction were cut into 120 extracted human molars. The cavities (15 groups, n =8) were filled using a sandwich, base or total bond technique with materials from five different manufacturers. A three-sited light curing technique was used in 13 groups. For the material combination Vitremer/Z100 two additional groups with a different wand positioning and a metal matrix were evaluated. After water storage for 21 days and thermocycling (2000×, 5–55°C), replicas were quantitatively analysed in the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni test at p Results : The marginal adaptation of vertical enamel margins was not dependant on the restorative technique. For margins in dentine, marginal adaptation was significantly better with the sandwich technique than with a base or total bond technique for all materials. There were no significant differences between the base and total bond technique. Overall, resin-modified glass-ionomer cements showed somewhat better results than compomers in sandwich restorations, though differences were not significant for some criteria. Vitremer/Z100 sandwich restorations applied with a metal matrix showed the highest mean percentage of excellent margins of all experimental groups. Conclusions : Both resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and compomers can improve the marginal quality when used in a sandwich technique. Further research is necessary to determine the ideal material combination for sandwich restorations.
A new spectrophotometric assay for protein in cell extracts

Abstract Protein concentrations in cell-free extracts can be determined quickly and accurately using the measured absorbances at 230 and 260 nm. The choice of these two wavelengths, rather than those (280 and 260 nm) used by Warburg and Christian [(1942) Biochem. Z.310, 384–421] , decreases interference by nucleic acids and results in sensitivity equivalent to that of the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr, and Randall [(1951) J. Biol. Chem.193, 265–275] . The 230 260 method is less dependent on changes in the amino acid composition of the protein(s) being measured than is the 280 260 method. Using buffered solutions of crystalline bovine serum albumin and yeast RNA as standards, we derived the following equation: Protein concentration (μg/ml) = 183 A230 − 75.8 A260, where A230 and A260 are the absorbances at 230 and 260 nm.
Requirement for Emergent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Stent Era

Performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at centers without cardiothoracic surgery is a contentious issue. Although this practice allows greater access to care, there are safety concerns. The aim was to assess the requirement for emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after PCI and characterize patients at highest risk using independent predictors. The study population consisted of 21,957 unselected patients who underwent PCI from August 1994 (Food and Drug Administration stent approval) to January 2008 at a single medical center. Patients requiring emergent CABG (defined as within 24 hours of the index procedure) were identified. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess for independent correlates of emergent CABG. Emergent CABG was required in 90 patients (cumulative incidence 0.41%). Indications for CABG included triple-vessel disease, dissection, acute closure, perforation, and failure to cross. These patients had significantly higher in-hospital cardiac death rates (7.8% vs 0.7%; p <0.01) and higher rates of Q-wave myocardial infarction, neurologic events, and renal insufficiency. Independent correlates of emergent CABG after PCI were acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presentation, cardiogenic shock, triple-vessel disease, and type C lesion. Risk assessment based on these predictors identified 0.3% of the patient population to have a 9.3% cumulative incidence of emergent CABG. In conclusion, the need for emergent CABG after PCI in the stent era was low and was associated with poor in-hospital outcomes. Risk was nonuniform, with 0.3% of the study population, characterized by acute presentation and complex coronary disease, at heightened risk of emergent surgery.
Longitudinal follow-up of body composition in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.

Summary: Patients with hematological malignancies are well nourished prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HSCT and associated complications can affect body composition. The study evaluated crosssectionally the prevalence and longitudinally the changes in lean body mass index (LBMI) in HSCT patients. Patients (n ¼ 82) were classified as normal or low LBMI. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for low vs normal LBMI, between healthy volunteers and patients; for limited or extensive vs no chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD); and for decreased (Karnofsky o80) vs normal functional status (480). Patients were significantly more likely to have low LBMI at 6, 12 months, 2–3, 4–6 and 46 years than volunteers. In all, 38% of patients were below pre-HSCT LBMI at 4–6 years post-HSCT. Low LBMI was significantly associated with steroid treatment (OR 2.6, confidence intervals (CI) 1.3–5.2, P ¼ 0.008); limited (OR 5.5, CI 1.7–18.5, P ¼ 0.005) or extensive chronic GVHD (OR 20.3, CI 5.7–71.6, Po0.001); and decreased performance status (Karnofsky scores of p80) (OR 2.7, CI 1.3– 5.9, P ¼ 0.01). Patients were more likely to have low LBMI than volunteers. Chronic GVHD and low performance status were associated with low LBMI; thus, complications and/or treatment increase the likelihood of low LBMI. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2005) 35, 1171–1177.
A meiotic gene conversion gradient opposite to the direction of transcription

GENETIC recombination involves classical crossing-over and gene conversion (aberrant segregation). In fungi that produce an ascus containing four spores, a gene conversion event is manifested as 3:1 or 1:3 (or more rarely 4:0 or 0:4) segregations, in contrast to the normal mendelian 2:2 segregation1,2. Polarity is one of the properties of gene conversion; in almost all cases the frequency of conversion exhibits a gradient across the gene monitored1. The frequency of conversion is usually independent of the specific allele used as a marker, but dependent on its location. An interpretation of conversion polarity is that it is caused by the existence of specific initiation sites for meiotic recombination, located at the high end of the polarity gradient. Here we show that the polarity gradient for the HIS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is high at the 3′ end of the gene, implying that the promoter of HIS2 is not the initiation site.
The Animal-Human Bond and Ethnic Diversity

Affectionate relationships with animal companions have health-enhancing effects on people and enrich their quality of life, and the majority of families with companion animals regard their animals as family members. Research has also suggested that these relationships are complicated and vary depending on a number of factors, yet there has been almost no exploration of ethnic diversity in relationships with companion animals. This descriptive study explores the relationships among race and ethnicity, beliefs about companion animals, and ownership practices. Findings indicate that in many instances there were no statistical differences by ethnicity. Nonetheless, describing oneself as white, American Indian, or both was associated with being more likely to have companion animals. Those identifying themselves as of Hispanic or Spanish origin were less likely to have cats and to have their cat or dog spayed or neutered and more likely to say they get a sense of personal safety from their dog or cat. The implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions for research and practice are offered.
Comparison of repeat GK-SRS for refractory or recurrent trigeminal neuralgia: Does dose matter

Purpose/Objective: Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GK-SRS) is an important and minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). It is unclear, however, how best to manage patients whose pain is refractory or recurrent after the initial GK-SRS treatment. Here we report and compare the treatment outcomes for patients treated with repeat radiosurgery for refractory or recurrent TN with a low dose (70–75 Gy) at the University of Maryland Medical System (UM) and high dose (90 Gy) at the University of Kentucky Medical Center (UK).
Age Norms, the Timing of Family Role Transitions, and Intergenerational Caregiving Among Aging African American Women

This article reports findings from two exploratory qualitative studies of the relationship between age norms, family role transitions, and the caregiving responsibilities of mothers, grandmothers, and great-grandmothers in multigeneration African American families. Families defined as having "normative on-time" transitions (n = 23) to the roles of mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother were compared to families that were classified as having "early non-normative" (n = 18), and "early normative" transitions to the respective roles (n = 20). Results indicate that both the "on-time" and "early" normative transition families had an equitable distribution of caregiving duties for women across generations. In families where the transitions to mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother were considered "early" non-normative, the responsibilities for family caregiving were centered in the young great-grandparent generation. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Structure of the Golgi and distribution of reporter molecules at 20°C reveals the complexity of the exit compartments

Incubating cells at 20 degrees C blocks transport out of the Golgi complex and amplifies the exit compartments. We have used the 20 degrees C block, followed by EM tomography and serial section reconstruction, to study the structure of Golgi exit sites in NRK cells. The dominant feature of Golgi structure in temperature-blocked cells is the presence of large bulging domains on the three trans-most cisternae. These domains extend laterally from the stack and are continuous with "cisternal" domains that maintain normal thickness and alignment with the other stacked Golgi cisternae. The bulging domains do not resemble the perpendicularly extending tubules associated with the trans-cisternae of control cells. Such tubules are completely absent in temperature-blocked cells. The three cisternae with bulging domains can be identified as trans by their association with specialized ER and the presence of clathrin-coated buds on the trans-most cisterna only. Immunogold labeling and immunoblots show a significant degradation of a medial- and a trans-Golgi marker with no evidence for their redistribution within the Golgi or to other organelles. These data suggest that exit from the Golgi occurs directly from three trans-cisternae and that specialized ER plays a significant role in trans-Golgi function.
Structural aspects of translation termination on the ribosome

Translation of genetic information encoded in messenger RNAs into polypeptide sequences is carried out by ribosomes in all organisms. When a full protein is synthesized, a stop codon positioned in the ribosomal A site signals termination of translation and protein release. Translation termination depends on class I release factors. Recently, atomic-resolution crystal structures were determined for bacterial 70S ribosome termination complexes bound with release factors RF1 or RF2. In combination with recent biochemical studies, the structures resolve long-standing questions about translation termination. They bring insights into the mechanisms of recognition of all three stop codons, peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, and coordination of stop-codon recognition with peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. In this review, the structural aspects of these mechanisms are discussed.
Human Workflows via Document-Driven Process Choreography

Workflows are ubiquitous in enterprise applications from manufacturing industry to healthcare industry. A human workflow is a dynamic set of tasks performed by human participants to reach a shared goal. Commitments among participants can be used to model the workflow and coordinate their execution of it. These commitments can be captured by role-based orchestrations in a Microsoft workflow implementation with Microsoft BizTalk server (BizTalk). BizTalk provides tools and methodologies to compose these orchestrations that can be executed as business processes and monitored by Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) dashboards. In this paper, we present methodologies to develop a human workflow by using role-based BizTalk orchestrations to capture commitments extracted from a process- centric workflow definition. In addition, we discuss the life- cycle management of a human workflow with an emphasis on process design and monitoring.
Structure and Statistical Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of Generating Cells in the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones

AbstractThis paper presents analyses of the microphysical structure of cloud-top convective generating cells at temperatures between −10° and −55°C across the comma head of 11 continental cyclones, using data collected by the W-band Wyoming Cloud Radar and in situ instrumentation aboard the National Science Foundation (NSF)/NCAR C-130. A case study of one cyclone is presented, followed by statistical analyses of the entire dataset.Ice particle number concentrations averaged 1.9 times larger inside generating cells compared to outside, and derived ice water contents and median mass diameters averaged 2.2 and 1.1 times larger in cells, respectively. Supercooled water was directly measured at temperatures between −31.4° and −11.1°C, with the median and 95th-percentile liquid water content increasing from ~0.09 to 0.12 g m−3 and 0.14 to 0.28 g m−3 over this temperature range, respectively. Liquid water was present in 26% of observations within cells and 18% of observations between cells over the same temperat...
Differentiating Organizational Commitment From Expectancy as a Motivating Force

If the concept of organizational commitment is to have any analytical utility, it must be differentiated from the concept of expectancy. Viewing commitment and expectancy as two independent behavioral forces makes it possible to explain instances of commitment not explicable according to exchange or expectancy theories, such as remaining with an organization despite reward valences being reduced, inequity developing, and expectations not being met. Commitment defined as a force that maintains behavioral direction when expectancy/equity conditions are not met has at least four sources: investments, reciprocity, lack of alternatives, and identification.
Seismic Design Strength of Cold-Formed Steel-Framed Shear Walls

A method for estimating the available strength level (load and resistance factor design) seismic resistance of light-frame cold-formed steel shear walls is discussed. The proposed method attempts to account for the early onset of inelastic behavior in light-frame shear walls by evaluating the strength level resistance in terms of an equivalent shear wall yield strength. Application of the proposed method is illustrated using shear wall data from an independent test program and wall performance is compared to current light-frame bearing wall design requirements and expected system performance. It is shown that the proposed method results in design values that are generally conservative compared to current design recommendations and the overall performance of the tested walls is characterized using five parameters that relate common design strength and displacement quantities.
Phased array radar tracking with non-uniformly spaced measurements

A phased array antenna used in conjunction with a mechanically scanned or rotating radar can provide enhanced target tracking capability. The use of a single electronically-scanned aperture mounted on a rotating pedestal to obtain 360 degree coverage represents a cost-effective solution when compared with multiple-aperture approaches. The agile beam affords both flexibility and robustness with regard to radar resource management and multiple-target tracking capability. The key to realizing these benefits is the scheduling of additional electronic scans per revisit to achieve higher effective tracking rates than with conventional track-while-scan (TWS) operation. Frequency agility is employed to de-correlate the target echoes for the close temporal spacing of radar measurements which can occur. The paper describes the approach and derives performance bounds relative to uniform tracking-rate systems. Applications include air-traffic control radar as well as precision tracking and fire control systems.
Pilot Biofeedback Training in the Cognitive Awareness Training Study (CATS)

One of the ongoing problems that pilots face today is a diminished state of awareness such as boredom, sleepiness, or fatigue during cruise conditions that could result in various pilot errors. This study utilized a cognitive training exercise to sharpen the pilot's awareness during simulated flight thereby providing them with a means to overcome these diminished states of awareness. This study utilizes psychophysiological methods in an attempt to assess a pilot's state of awareness more directly. In turn, the pilots will be able to train themselves to recognize these states of awareness and be more mentally sharp during mundane tasks such as those experienced in cruise conditions. The use of these measurement tools may be beneficial for researchers working within the NASA Aviation Safety Program. This paper will provide the reader with some background information concerning the motivation for the study, a brief description of the experimental setup and design matrix, the dependent and independent variables that were employed, and some preliminary findings based on some of the subjective and objective data that was collected. These preliminary findings are of part of an ongoing study being conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
High performance spatial queries for spatial big data: from medical imaging to GIS

Support of high performance queries on large volumes of spatial data has become increasingly important in many application domains, including geospatial problems in numerous disciplines, location based services, and emerging medical imaging applications. There are two major challenges for managing massive spatial data to support spatial queries: the explosion of spatial data, and the high computational complexity of spatial queries. Our goal is to develop a general framework to support high performance spatial queries and analytics for spatial big data on MapReduce and CPU-GPU hybrid platforms. In this paper, we introduce Hadoop-GIS -- a scalable and high performance spatial data warehousing system for running large scale spatial queries on Hadoop. Hadoop-GIS supports multiple types of spatial queries on MapReduce through skew-aware spatial partitioning, on-demand indexing, customizable spatial query engine RESQUE, implicit parallel spatial query execution on MapReduce, and effective methods for amending query results through handling boundary objects. To accelerate compute-intensive geometric operations, GPU based geometric computation algorithms are integrated into MapReduce pipelines. Our experiments have demonstrated that Hadoop-GIS is highly efficient and scalable, and outperforms parallel spatial DBMS for compute-intensive spatial queries.
ANISOTROPY IN HYPOELASTIC SOFT-TISSUE MECHANICS II: SIMPLE EXTENSIONAL EXPERIMENTS

Isochoric, hypoelastic, material models are employed to describe the passive response of isotropic and anisotropic soft tissues, using experimental data that have been taken from the literature. The isotropic tissues modeled are elastin and fat, and the anisotropic tissue modeled is tendon. A graphical technique is provided for estimating the material parameters of the anisotropic model, whose values are contrasted with maximum likelihood estimates. All numerical integrations were made with a new 4(3) Runge‐Kutta integrator whose quadratures and weights are motivated by finite-element theory.
A Cambialistic Superoxide Dismutase in the Thermophilic Photosynthetic Bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Superoxide dismutase from the thermophilic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus was cloned, purified, and characterized. This protein is in the manganese- and iron-containing family of superoxide dismutases and is able to use both manganese and iron catalytically. This appears to be the only soluble superoxide dismutase in C. aurantiacus. Iron and manganese cofactors were identified by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. By metal enrichment of growth media and by performing metal fidelity studies, the enzyme was found to be most efficient with manganese incorporated, yet up to 30% of the activity was retained with iron. Assimilation of iron or manganese ions into superoxide dismutase was also found to be affected by the growth conditions. This enzyme was also found to be remarkably thermostable and was resistant to H2O2 at concentrations up to 80 mM. Reactive oxygen defense mechanisms have not been previously characterized in the organisms belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. These systems are of interest in C. aurantiacus since this bacterium lives in a hyperoxic environment and is subject to high UV radiation fluxes.
Toward a Libertarian Theory of Class

Libertarianism needs a theory of class.This claim may meet with resistance among some libertarians. A few will say: “The analysis of society in terms of classes and class struggles is a specifically Marxist approach, resting on assumptions that libertarians reject. Why should we care about class?” A greater number will say: “We recognize that class theory is important, but libertarianism doesn't need such a theory, because it already has a perfectly good one.”
Synthesis, deprotonation, and alkylation of S-allyl sulfoximines

Abstract N-Phenyl-S-(4-methylphenyl)-sulfoximidoyl chloride 1 reacts with allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of aluminum chloride to give benzothiazine 4 in fair yield along with a small amount of S-allyl sulfoximine 3a. On the other hand, 1 reacts with allyltributyltin to give the S-allyl sulfoximine 3a almost exclusively. This latter reaction appears to be general. The sulfoximine 3a is thermally stable and can be deprotonated smoothly with n-BuLi. The anion reacts regioselectively but not stereoselectively with simple alkylating agents. Reactions of the anion with selected aldehydes and enones proceeds with some regiocontrol and, with some exceptions, little stereocontrol.
The RF system design for the Spallation Neutron Source

Summary form only given. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator system includes a nominally 1000 MeV, 1.4 mA average current linac consisting of a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), drift tube linac (DTL), coupled cavity linac (CCL), a medium and high beta super conducting (SC) linac, and two buncher cavities for beam transport to an accumulator ring. The average proton beam power of the accelerator is 1.4 MW. Los Alamos is responsible for the RF systems for all sections of the linac. The SNS linac is a pulsed proton linac and the RF system must support a 1 msec beam pulse at up to a 60 Hz repetition rate. The RFQ and DTL utilize seven, 2.5 MW klystrons and operate at 402.5 MHz. The CCL,SC, and buncher cavities operate at 805 MHz. Six, 5 MW klystrons are utilized for the CCL and buncher cavities while eighty-one 550 kW klystrons are used for the SC cavities.
Cueing God: Religious Cues and Voter Support

Scholars contend that correctly applying religious cues is crucial to winning political elections. This article examines the effect of general religious cues by conducting an experiment on a national sample (N = 520). Through the use of a fictitious congressional candidate's webpage, we examine how subtle and overt religious cues interact with citizen religiosity to affect political evaluations. The findings demonstrate that politicians who use overt religious cues run the risk of alienating a large portion of potential voters. Religious cues do, however, appear to become more effective as citizens become more religious. We also find some evidence that overt religious cues are more polarizing than subtle religious cues. This article provides a foundation from which to more thoroughly consider how general religious cues can affect political outcomes and how these cues may interact with other factors.
Resonance frequency of microbubbles in small blood vessels

Ultrasound contrast agents have the potential to be used for selective tissue and cell targeting, because they act as localized acoustic energy absorbers and emitters. Gas bubbles are more active as acoustic energy absorbers when they work at their natural oscillation frequency. Mathematical modeling suggests that the resonance frequency is strongly affected by the presence of boundaries represented by the blood vessel and it is in general lower than its free value. When microbubbles operate at their natural frequency, they absorb, and therefore emit, more energy. This localized energy may be used for many therapeutic purposes. The knowledge of the resonance frequency may allow specific diameter vessels to be targeted with minimal impact on the other vessels and surrounding tissues.
Edge element-scattering amplitude solution to electromagnetic leakage into shielding enclosures

A numerical technique, of interest to EMI/C (electromagnetic interference and compatibility) engineers, is presented for modeling electromagnetic leakage into arbitrary structures. The technique combines the finite element method (FEM) with the asymptotic form of the scattered field. Specifically, the edge-based FEM is used to formulate the fields inside a truncating boundary, while the scattered field in the external domain is described by an outward traveling spherical or cylindrical wave with unknown amplitude. Numerical examples that show the validity and efficiency of the method are presented. >
Functional MR imaging activation after finger tapping has a shorter duration in the basal ganglia than in the sensorimotor cortex.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repetitive motor tasks that produce sustained neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortex produce transient neuronal activity in subcortical regions. We tested the hypothesis that a reference function modeling a transient hemodynamic response would more reliably detect activation in the basal ganglia than would a conventional reference function, which models a sustained hemodynamic response. METHODS: Functional MR imaging data were acquired in eight subjects performing an alternating-hand finger-tapping task. Postprocessing was performed by cross-correlation to two types of reference functions: one that models a sustained hemodynamic response to finger tapping and one that models an initial transient hemodynamic response. Activation in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, thalamus, and corpus striatum was tabulated for each reference function. RESULTS: With the conventional boxcar reference function, activation was detected in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum, but intermittently in the corpus striatum in all subjects. With the reference function for a transient response, activation in the corpus striatum was not detected in all subjects. CONCLUSION: In the corpus striatum, activation is detected more frequently with a reference function that models a transient response. Activated cortical and subcortical regions can be mapped with an alternating-hand finger-tapping paradigm and a combination of reference functions.
Psychological Factors Associated with Weight Loss Maintenance Theory-Driven Practice for Nurse Practitioners

The authors discuss the psychological factors associated with weight loss maintenance and the use of Pender's health promotion model as a guide for the construction of clinical interventions to address these factors. The psychological factors include internal drive for weight maintenance, ongoing self-monitoring, long-term flexibility, positive mood and emotions, appropriate goals, and management of external stimuli. Nurse practitioners can help combat obesity trends through caring for patients in a holistic manner. Periodic psychological needs-assessments for patients who desire to maintain weight loss may further promote long-term success in weight management.
An Investigation into the Identification of Net Installed Propulsive Efficiency on a Turboprop Transport Aeroplane.

An investigation into the identification of net installed propulsive ef ficiency of a turbo -propeller powered transport aeroplane has been conducted on the NRC Convair 580 icing research aeroplane as a baseline for the identification of inflight icing accretion propulsion system aerodynamic effects during flight in icing condi tions. The flight test technique employed was a series of symmetric discrete power step inputs of 100 -200 shaft horsepower. The net propulsive thrust and, hence, propulsive efficiency were estimated by measuring the axial acceleration resulting from the step change in engine power. For a step input, the aircraft inertial response in the longitudinal axis was largely decoupled from flight -path dynamics. The method has been applied in 1g flight to produce a baseline validation of an empirical formulation of net installed propulsive efficiency, �P, which is based upon free air propeller efficiency data for NACA 16 -series blade sections and SBAC Standard Method correction factors for nacelle blockage and slipstream drag. This model was least accurate for lo w engine power values, due to reduced accuracy of free -air propeller efficiency data at low power coefficients, C P. For comparison, segmented quasi -steady descent performance data was obtained during Second Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II) flights. Over the descent engine shaft power range of 400 -900 SHP, the ‘AGARD’ equivalent rate -of -climb data reduction method, although suffering significantly from unstable atmospheric test conditions, suggested some support for the accuracy of the empirical met hod. For power ranges of about 600 -2000 SHP, the power step method validated the application of the empirical method, within a tolerance of approximately 5%. For values of engine power below about 600 SHP, the power -step method identified large apparent discrepancies between the empirical method and direct flight measurement. The afore -mentioned segmented quasi -steady descent analysis support for low engine power empirically -estimated propulsive efficiency
Technical communique: Efficiency of rolling schedules for a class of stochastic control problems

Analytic results are derived to compare the expected cost of using a rolling schedule (sequential open-loop optimal controller) to the minimum expected cost of employing a closed-loop optimal feedback controller for LQG control problems with varying nominal state and control trajectories and nonzero-mean disturbances. Two numerical examples illustrate the results.
Circadian discrimination of reward: evidence for simultaneous yet separable food- and drug-entrained rhythms in the rat.

A unique extra-suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) oscillator, operating independently of the light-entrainable oscillator, has been hypothesized to generate feeding and drug-related rhythms. To test the validity of this hypothesis, sham-lesioned (Sham) and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) rats were housed in constant dim-red illumination (LLred) and received a daily cocaine injection every 24 h for 7 d (Experiment 1). In a second experiment, rats underwent 3-h daily restricted feeding (RF) followed 12 d later by the addition of daily cocaine injections given every 25 h in combination with RF until the two schedules were in antiphase. In both experiments, body temperature and total activity were monitored continuously. Results from Experiment 1 revealed that cocaine, but not saline, injections produced anticipatory increases in temperature and activity in SCNx and Sham rats. Following withdrawal from cocaine, free-running temperature rhythms persisted for 2–10 d in SCNx rats. In Experiment 2, robust anticipatory increases i...
Nonlinear resonance interactions and index cycles in the atmosphere

A barotropic spectral model is used to study the planetary-scale motions of an atmosphere whose wave ensemble modes are externally driven. Pertubations are induced by a barotropic analogue of thermal driving and by Ekman friction, bottom topography, and the vanished internal dissipation. The use of complete spectral expansions without truncation leads to that the nonlinear coupling equations between the low-index mode and the high-index mode are obtained by means of the random phase approximation and the projection operator techniques. The nonlinear coupling equations are entirely equivalent to theVolterra systems in ecology.
About the Innovation of Moral Education in Institutions of Higher Learning

Based on the considering of concept and system of moral education in colleges and universities,the author analyzed the basic requirements for innovations of moral education ,and put forward some concret meatures as well.
Study on provincial hygienic standard of Nata de coco

Objective To formulate the provincial hygienic standard for determination of nata de coco,a fermentative food. Methods Nata de coco produced in 12 factories were hygienically surveyed and 68 samples of nata de coco were collected and 20 items of index and were examined.Biological and toxic assayed were also performed.Results The strain of nata de coco was iden- tiffed as Acetobacter xylinum and it was confinned to be a non-toxigenie strain.According to the results determination and national relevant standards of contaminants maximum levels,the provincial standard for determination of nata de coco including 11 indexes of residual concentrations of lead,total arsenic,chromium,nitrite,hydrogen peroxide and total bacterial colony,Bacillus eoli,fungi, yeast,pathogen has been formulated.Conclusion The standard formulated can be used as the basis for safety and hygienic deter- mination and evaluation of nata de coco.
Sensitivity of artificial digestion and enzyme immunoassay methods of inspection for trichinae in pigs.

Forty-seven pigs were infected with varying doses of Trichinella spiralis and tested for evidence of infection by serology, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and by artificial digestion methods. Using a 1-g sample, as prescribed in accordance with European Union (EU) directives, the sensitivity of the pooled-sample artificial digestion method was between three and five larvae per gram (LPG) of tissue. Using a 5-g sample size, in accordance with methods described in the U.S. Code for Federal Regulations, and as required for the inspection of horses exported to the EU, the sensitivity of the test was increased to approximately 1 LPG. Serological testing by EIA detected pigs with as few as 0.02 LPG, but detection times varied from 4 to 8 weeks after infection. Mean postinoculation times for detection by serology were 32 to 42 days. On the basis of these results, it is clear that digestion testing using a 5-g sample size is the only method of those tested here that is completely reliable for detection of trichinae infection at a level that will protect public health. Both digestion testing using a 1-g sample and EIA have drawbacks. However, EIA remains a highly effective tool for epidemiological purposes and for monitoring trichinae infection on the farm.
Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in India: The Interest Rate Pass-Through Channel

The monetary transmission mechanism is the process by which monetary policy actions affect the economy particularly output and inflation. Proper implementation of monetary policy requires an understanding of the instruments and channels through which policy operates. Of the various channels, the interest rate channel has emerged as the dominant channel of transmission of monetary policy. This channel impacts the cost of funds in the economy. When the central bank wants to increase liquidity in the economy it lowers the policy rates which in turn impact market rates, hence lowering the costs of funds and concomitantly stimulating the economy. The stronger the pass-through, the more efficient the transmission mechanism and the easier it would be for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to achieve its objectives (Patnaik, 2008).
Refugee crisis presents a humanitarian paradox.

Health professionals are caught between the urgent needs of individuals and politically motivated policies of containment
Energy Harvesting From Vortical Flows by a Passive Heaving Foil

This paper studies energy harvesting of a two-dimensional foil in the wake downstream of a cylinder. The airfoil is passively mobile in the transverse direction. An immersed-boundary method with a fluid-structure interaction model is validated and employed to carry out the numerical simulation. For improving the numerical stability, a modified low-storage 3rd-order Runge-Kutta scheme is implemented for time integration. The performance of this temporal scheme on reducing spurious pressure oscillations of the immersed-boundary method is demonstrated. The simulation shows a foil emerged in a vortical wake achieves better energy harvesting performance than that in a uniform flow. The types of dynamic response for the energy harvester are identified and the properties of vortical wakes are found to be of pivotal importance in obtaining the desired periodic response of the foil.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Modeling Learning Impacts on Day-to-day Travel Choice

This paper uses Stochastic Learning Automata and Bayesian Inference theory to model drivers’ day-to-day learning behavior in an uncertain environment. The proposed model addresses the adaptation of travelers on the basis of experienced choices and user-specific characteristics. Using the individual commuter data obtained from New Jersey Turnpike, the parameters of the model are estimated. The proposed model aims to capture the commuters’ departure time choice learning/adaptation behavior under disturbed network conditions (after toll change), and to investigate commuters’ responses to toll, travel time, departure/arrival time restrictions while selecting their departure times. The results have demonstrated the possibility of developing a psychological framework (i.e., learning models) as a viable approach to represent travel behavior.
Abstract 39: Systematic Review of Radiographic and Symptomatic Brain Infarcts in Carotid Artery Interventions

Introduction: Reports vary in incidence of silent brain infarcts after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular procedures. In a systematic review we compared rates of radiographic brain infarcts (RBI) a...
Short-Range Responses of the Kissing Bug Triatoma rubida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to Carbon Dioxide, Moisture, and Artificial Light

The hematophagous bug Triatoma rubida is a species of kissing bug that has been marked as a potential vector for the transmission of Chagas disease in the Southern United States and Northern Mexico. However, information on the distribution of T. rubida in these areas is limited. Vector monitoring is crucial to assess disease risk, so effective trapping systems are required. Kissing bugs utilize extrinsic cues to guide host-seeking, aggregation, and dispersal behaviors. These cues have been recognized as high-value targets for exploitation by trapping systems. A modern video-tracking system was used with a four-port olfactometer system to quantitatively assess the behavioral response of T. rubida to cues of known significance. Also, response of T. rubida adults to seven wavelengths of light-emitting diodes (LED) in paired-choice pitfall was evaluated. Behavioral data gathered from these experiments indicate that T. rubida nymphs orient preferentially to airstreams at either 1600 or 3200 ppm carbon dioxide and prefer relative humidity levels of about 30%, while adults are most attracted to 470 nm light. These data may serve to help design an effective trapping system for T. rubida monitoring. Investigations described here also demonstrate the experimental power of combining an olfactometer with a video-tracking system for studying insect behavior.
Risk, prudence and moral formation in the laboratory

Sociologists of science have noted that the institutional cultures and practices of research tend to de-emphasize the risks produced in the lab, resulting in injuries and deaths in recent lab accid...
Validation of a novel wearable technology to estimate oxygen saturation level and lactate threshold power in the exercising muscle

We have monitored the oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration in thigh muscle of 18 athletes, while cycling on a stationary ergometer to predict the lactate threshold power and thus, a wearable optical sensor can optimize athletes’ training regimens.