cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of mobile users using trajectory matching

We present an algorithm enabling localization of moving wireless devices in an indoor setting. The method uses only RF signal strength and can be implemented without specialized hardware. The mobility of the users is modeled by learning a function mapping a short history of signal strength values to a 2D position. We use radial basis function (RBF) fitting to learn a reliable estimate of a mobile node's position given its past signal strength measurements.Even though we deal with extremely noisy measurements in a cluttered indoor setting, nodes are not required to be stationary during measurement or learning. We evaluate our algorithm in a real indoor setting using MicaZ motes, achieving an average localization accuracy of 1.3 m. In our experiments, using historical data improves the localization accuracy by almost a factor of two compared to using only the most current measurements.
Atrophic Fundus Lesions Associated With Untreated Retinopathy of Prematurity

Purpose To document that lacunar, atrophic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium, previously reported as a complication of treatment, can result from the natural course of retinopathy of prematurity. Methods We reviewed photographs of patients diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity at the Casey Eye Institute between 1979 and 1996. Lacunar atrophic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium were correlated with the clinical records of the affected patients. Result Three untreated eyes of three patients with retinopathy of prematurity had lacunar atrophic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions The spectrum of findings associated with untreated retinopathy of prematurity includes lacunar, atrophic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium. These lesions are distinct from scars secondary to treatment and are possibly linked to macular dragging and exudative or serous retinal detachment.
Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium

Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non-spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre-spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub-areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.
Impact of signaling microcompartment geometry on GPCR dynamics in live retinal photoreceptors.

G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) cascades rely on membrane protein diffusion for signaling and are generally found in spatially constrained subcellular microcompartments. How the geometry of these microcompartments impacts cascade activities, however, is not understood, primarily because of the inability of current live cell–imaging technologies to resolve these small structures. Here, we examine the dynamics of the GPCR rhodopsin within discrete signaling microcompartments of live photoreceptors using a novel high resolution approach. Rhodopsin fused to green fluorescent protein variants, either enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or the photoactivatable PAGFP (Rho-E/PAGFP), was expressed transgenically in Xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors, and the geometries of light signaling microcompartments formed by lamellar disc membranes and their incisure clefts were resolved by confocal imaging. Multiphoton fluorescence relaxation after photoconversion experiments were then performed with a Ti–sapphire laser focused to the diffraction limit, which produced small sub–cubic micrometer volumes of photoconverted molecules within the discrete microcompartments. A model of molecular diffusion was developed that allows the geometry of the particular compartment being examined to be specified. This was used to interpret the experimental results. Using this unique approach, we showed that rhodopsin mobility across the disc surface was highly heterogeneous. The overall relaxation of Rho-PAGFP fluorescence photoactivated within a microcompartment was biphasic, with a fast phase lasting several seconds and a slow phase of variable duration that required up to several minutes to reach equilibrium. Local Rho-EGFP diffusion within defined compartments was monotonic, however, with an effective lateral diffusion coefficient Dlat = 0.130 ± 0.012 µm2s−1. Comparison of rhodopsin-PAGFP relaxation time courses with model predictions revealed that microcompartment geometry alone may explain both fast local rhodopsin diffusion and its slow equilibration across the greater disc membrane. Our approach has for the first time allowed direct examination of GPCR dynamics within a live cell signaling microcompartment and a quantitative assessment of the impact of compartment geometry on GPCR activity.
60 GHz Waveguide Array

To characterize the 60GHz channel dynamics and provide data on the beamforming capabilities 60GHz wireless systems should include, high gain antennas are required. The design of a 60GHz array of metallic waveguides with flare horns covering the range from 57 to 63GHz is described. Provided simulations show greater than 15dB gain in the whole bandwidth and beam scanning capability up to ± 60deg. The array meets all the specifications and should prove useful in multibeam reception and beam formation. A calibration technique is also proposed. This allows for detection of transceivers malfunctioning, phase shifters deviations and waveguide fabrication length errors and enables phase correction by addition of a phase shifter before each antenna input.
Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense on three species of larval fish: a food‐chain approach

Sublethal behavioural effects of exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PST; saxitoxin and its derivatives) from the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense were investigated in newly settled winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, larval sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus and larval mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus through an A. fundyense–copepod–fish food chain. Consumption of as few as six to 12 toxin-containing copepods was lethal to the fishes. After consuming fewer toxin-containing copepods, all three fish species exhibited sublethal effects from vector-mediated exposure. Prey-capture ability of mummichogs was reduced in larvae that had consumed toxic copepods, Coullana canadensis. After consuming toxic C. canadensis or mixed copepods, mummichog larvae had reduced swimming performance. Swimming activity was also significantly reduced in winter flounder after consuming toxic copepods, including time spent in motion and distance travelled. Prey capture and predator avoidance were reduced in first-feeding sheepshead minnow larvae that had consumed toxic dinoflagellate cells. Adverse effects on prey capture or predator avoidance may reduce larval survival and facilitate the transmission of PST through the food web. This study provides baseline information on sublethal effects of PST exposure on fishes using a novel food-chain approach with zooplankton as vectors.
Toxicity of Thermal Decomposition Products from Composites

Composite materials and a type of wood (pecan) were tested for the toxicity of their smoke when thermally decomposed. No major problem was en countered in testing composite materials. Because of the chemical variety of composite materials, a wider range of principal toxicants than when testing single polymers may be expected, however, this was not found. This report con firms an earlier report that composites can be tested for the acute lethality of the smoke they produce as easily as single polymers have been tested.
A Note On Generating Systems Composed Of Binary And Ternary Random Variables

We present some tips for generating multiple sequences of two- and three-valued random variables.
On fibrations related to real spectra

We consider real spectra, collections of Z=(2)–spaces indexed over Z Z withcompatibility conditions. We produce ﬁbrations connecting the homotopy ﬁxedpointsandthespacesinthesespectra. Wealsoevaluatethemapwhichistheanalogueof the forgetful functor from complex to reals composed with complexiﬁcation.Our ﬁrst ﬁbration is used to connect the real 2
Low Diagnostic Yield of Elective Coronary Angiography

A total of 398,978 patients were included in the study. The median age was 61 years; 52.7% of the patients were men, 26.0% had diabetes, and 69.6% had hypertension. Noninvasive testing was performed in 83.9% of the patients. At catheterization, 149,739 patients (37.6%) had obstructive coronary artery disease. No coronary artery disease (defined as <20% stenosis in all vessels) was reported in 39.2% of the patients. Independent predictors of obstructive coronary artery disease included male sex (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.64 to 2.76), older age (odds ratio per 5-year increment, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.30), presence of insulin-dependent diabetes (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.07 to 2.21), and presence of dyslipidemia (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.57 to 1.67). Patients with a positive result on a noninvasive test were moderately more likely to have obstructive coronary artery disease than those who did not undergo any testing (41.0% vs. 35.0%; P<0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.37). Conclusions In this study, slightly more than one third of patients without known disease who underwent elective cardiac catheterization had obstructive coronary artery disease. Better strategies for risk stratification are needed to inform decisions and to increase the diagnostic yield of cardiac catheterization in routine clinical practice.
Negro Education and the Equal Protection of the Laws

Constitutional law in the United States has not grown and developed in a legal vacuum. Extra-legal factors have influenced the course of constitutional interpretation to an appreciable degree, serving to give substantive meanings to mere legal abstractions. Abstractions, like the "equal protection of the laws" and "due process of law," have been applied by the courts under the doctrine of stare decises to case after case until a pattern of law has emerged which possesses a wide breadth of utility and practical application. Concrete translation of abstract law into judicial rules and regulations are necessarily conditioned by environmental elements of time and place. The process of reading positive meaning into the abstractions is a matured and stabilized process in American jurisprudence, but the results of the process in action are ever changing to meet the social, political, and economic needs of the time, and to perpetuate the nation and its constitutional law. The eminent commentator on nineteenth century politics, James Bryce, in his The American Commonwealth made the following observation of the Supreme Court:
The Effects of Simulator and Aircraft Motion on Eye Scan Behavior

In a series of three experiments on the effects on eye-scan behavior of both simuator and aircraft motion, the sensitivity of an oculometric measure to motion effects was demonstrated. 'Fixation time', defined as the time the eyes spend at a particular location before moving on (saccade) to another fixation point, was found to be sensitive to motion effects in each of the experiments conducted. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that motion serves an alerting function, providing a 'cue' or 'clue' to the pilot that 'something happened'. The results do not support the hypothesis that direction of motion is conveyed through the type of motion information employed in these experiments.
A Meta‐Analytic Evaluation of the Frostig Test and Training Program

Abstract This investigation reviewed 59 studies examining the utility of the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception and the efficacy of the Frostig program for the development of visual perception. Meta‐analysis, statistical procedures for accumulating evidence, was the method used to evaluate research findings relating to both test and program. Findings indicated that neither the Frostig test nor the Frostig training program were advantageous. The Frostig test did not demonstrate sufficient association with reading ability to be a useful predictor; it proved less useful than other visual perceptual measures and revealed a large common variance with intelligence. Findings assessing the efficacy of Frostig training showed that it is not an effective intervention for improving either visual perceptual skills assessed by the test or academic achievement. It is concluded that the available research has demonstrated that the Frostig materials are not successful and should be questioned as primary meth...
InP Pseudormorphic Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (PHBT) With Ft > 750GHz

InP HBTs have been considered over GaAs HBTs as one of the most promising technology to realize ultra wideband applications due to its wide bandwidth, lower 1/f noise, and high current driving capability, good linearity and good uniformity of threshold voltage distribution for mixed signal circuit applications. Since the report of SiGe HBT with Ft> 350 GHz by IBM in 2002, InP HBT has achieved record performance with Ft > 380 GHz in 2003.
An examination of main and interactive effects of substance abuse recovery housing on multiple indicators of adjustment.

Aims To assess the effectiveness of community-based supports in promoting abstinence from substance use and related problems. Design and participants Individuals (n = 150) discharged from residential substance abuse treatmentfacilitieswereassignedrandomlytoeitheranOxfordHouserecoveryhomeorusualafter-careconditionandthen interviewed every 6 months for a 24-month period. Intervention Oxford Houses are democratic, self-run recovery homes. Measurements Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the effect of predictive variables on wave trajectories of substance use, employment, self-regulation and recent criminal charges. Regressions first examined whether predictor variables modeled wave trajectories by condition (Oxford House versus usual after-care), psychiatric comorbidity, age and interactions. Findings At the 24-month follow-up, there was less substance abuse for residents livinginOxfordHousesfor6ormoremonths(15.6%),comparedbothtoparticipantswithlessthan6 months(45.7%) or to participants assigned to the usual after-care condition (64.8%). Results also indicated that older residents and younger members living in a house for 6 or more months experienced better outcomes in terms of substance use, employment and self-regulation. Conclusions Oxford Houses, a type of self-governed recovery setting, appear to stabilize many individuals who have substance abuse histories.
Treatment of facial chromhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A

Background Hyperhidrosis is an idiopathic condition of exaggerated sweat production by the eccrine glands that affects approximately 1% of the population. There are many viable therapeutic options and the use of botulinum toxin has become an important treatment option and received FDA approval for this disorder in July 2004. The other forms of aberrant sweating; bromhidrosis (malodorous) and chromhidrosis (pigmented) are much rarer and more recalcitrant to treatment. Method This is the first case report of dark-colored facial sweat in a young woman that was adequately controlled with botulinum toxin. Conclusion Chromhidrosis is an unusual clinical entity with an ill-defined glandular etiology. The successful response to botulinum toxin supports the eccrine gland as a source of the sweat production and, furthermore, that the administration of this toxin should be considered as a form of therapy.
Polymerizations in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

In the past few years, remarkable progress has been made in defining the scope and limitations of carbon dioxide (CO2) as an inert polymerization medium. It has appear that CO2 represents a viable solvent choice for a variety of propagation mechanisms including both chain growth and step growth polymerizations. When the environmental advantages of CO2 are combined with its ability to be used as a solvent/dispersing medium for a wide variety of chemical reactions, it becomes clear that CO2 may be the solvent of the future for the polymer industry. In addition, the design and synthesis of micelle-forming surfactants for CO2 opens the doors for use of surfactant-modified CO2 as the medium for heterogeneous polymerizations. This review will focus on the use of CO2 as an inert solvent for the synthesis and processing of polymers.
Context Suggestion: Solutions and Challenges

Recommender systems (RS) have been popular for decades and many novel types of RS have been proposed and developed, such as context-aware recommender systems (CARS) which additionally take contexts (e.g., time, location, occasion, etc) into consideration to further assist users' decision makings. Meantime, the emergence of CARS also brings new recommendation opportunities, such as context suggestion which recommends a list of appropriate contextual situations for the users to consume the items. In this paper, we discuss the latest progress in this research direction, including potential recommendation opportunities, the existing real-world applications, as well as its relevant solutions and challenges.
RFF Family Partnership, LP v. Burns & Levinson, LLP: Massachusetts Constructs a Functional Framework for In-Firm Privilege and Exposes Other States' Need for Renovation

This Article argues that the Massachusetts Supreme Court's ruling in RFF Family Partnership provides a functional framework for in-firm privilege from which interests of lawyers and their clients are served.
A History of the Berliner Ensemble by David Barnett

Although the indefinite article opening the title (A History) modestly suggests that other histories of the Berliner Ensemble may exist, David Barnett’s book represents indeed the first and current...
Tuning Carbon-Based Fuel Cell Catalyst Support Structures via Nitrogen Functionalization. I. Investigation of Structural and Compositional Modification of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Model Catalyst Supports as a Function of Nitrogen Implantation Dose

Surface modification and doping of graphitic-carbon catalyst support materials in fuel cell systems, particularly via nitrogen functionalization, has been shown to improve catalyst performance and durability through the optimization of catalyst–support interactions. To ascertain the nature of these interactions, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the structural and chemical modifications that nitrogen ion beam implantation caused to highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) model catalyst support systems. Ion implantation doses explored in this work ranged over 2 orders of magnitude from 9.0 × 1014 to 9.6 × 1016 ions cm–2. Low doses of nitrogen result in a large amount of structural damage with little incorporation of nitrogen. However, it was found that with increasing dosage the incremental increase in structural damage was marginal, while the percentage of nitrogen on the HOPG surface continued to increase significantly until both the level of damage and amount of nitrogen in...
Inhibiting cholesterol absorption with CP-88,818 (β-tigogenin cellobioside; tiqueside): Studies in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects

CP-88,818 (beta-tigogenin cellobioside; tiqueside) is a synthetic saponin developed to treat hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting the absorption of biliary and dietary cholesterol. Two studies are reported here: one in patients to assess safety and efficacy, and one in normal volunteers to explore the mechanism of action. The former included 15 hypercholesterolemic outpatients [low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or = 160 mg/dl] treated with 1, 2, and 3 g of tiqueside daily (b.i.d.) in a crossover design for three 2-week treatment periods, each separated by a 3-week placebo period. The mechanistic study was conducted with 24 healthy male subjects who were randomized in a parallel group design to either placebo (n = 6) or tiqueside (2 or 4 g/day; n = 9 each) once daily for 3 weeks. All subjects in this study were fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 1]. Fecal steroid excretion rates and plasma lipid levels were determined at baseline and after 3 weeks of treatment. Fractional cholesterol absorption was measured before and after treatment by the continuous feeding, dual-isotope method. Tiqueside produced a dose-dependent reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol levels in the hypercholesterolemic patients. In the mechanistic study, it decreased fractional cholesterol absorption rates and increased fecal neutral sterol excretion rates, changes associated with trends toward lower LDL cholesterol levels. Other lipoprotein levels were unaffected, as were fecal fat and bile acid excretion and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. Thus tiqueside dose-dependently inhibits cholesterol absorption in humans, resulting in a reduction in serum LDL cholesterol levels.
Distribution of vitamin B12 in the organs and tissues of the chick.

SummaryMicrobiological data have been presented on the distribution of vit. B12 in the tissues and organs of chicks fed a purified diet containing a high level of vit. B12. Kidney was found to contain the most vit. B12 while liver and pancreas contain lesser quantities. Muscle, except for the heart, is low in vit. B12 under these conditions. A comparison of these results with other published data indicates that certain organs, particularly the kidney, liver and pancreas, have the ability to store appreciable quantities of vit. B12.
Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow in a Pediatric Airway with Subglottic Stenosis

Fluid flow modeling techniques have been lately used to characterize the transitional/turbulent flow field in precise or simplified human respiratory tract models. In the large majority of these studies the flow is predicted by steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methodology that is based on a time-averaging of the flow field and cannot capture its unsteadiness. Further, RANS uses two-equation turbulence models that are not entirely adequate for predicting anisotropic flows, flows with high streamline curvature, or flows where separation occurs. A more precise approach for such flow situations that occur in the human airway is Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The paper considers flow modeling within an accurate model of a pediatric airway reconstructed from cross-sectional Computed Tomography scans through the respiratory tract of an infant with subglottic stenosis. The airway model is characterized by a maximum narrowing at the position of stenosis. It is believed that the flow characteristics in a stenotic airway are strongly related to the clinically observed sensation of dyspnea in children with upper airway obstructions. Two flow modeling strategies are employed: steady RANS (with standard k-e) and the LES approach. The paper discusses the differences between the airflow characteristics obtained from the RANS and LES calculations. The largest discrepancies between the two data sets were found downstream of the minimum crosssectional area where flow separation and large radial velocity gradients across the developed shear-layers are present.
Research on a new unsymmetrical PWM technique for large capacity inverter

A new unsymmetrical PWM technique is introduced in this paper,which is particularly applied to high-power inverter control in flexible AC transmission systems(FACTS).The proposed pulse pattern possesses only half-wave inverse symmetry,but its quarter-wave symmetry is absent,the freedom degree of switching angles is doubled,the specific harmonics are thus controlled by their amplitudes and phase angles.In the lower switching frequency,the technique is designed for use in an active power filter.The good performance of this technique in harmonics compensation is verified by the simulation of a parallel compensator using Simplorer.
Routinely collected data and comparative effectiveness evidence: promises and limitations.

Routinely collected data (RCD) are increasingly used for biomedical research. Extensive resources have been invested in this field: they include the set-up of disease registries and clinical databases at regional, national or international levels; the promotion of the use of electronic health
Use of Pathogenic Viruses As Agents for the Biological Control of Insect Pests

Pathogenic viruses have long played an important role in the biological control of insect pests. In this century mankind has made efforts to manipulate naturally-occurring pathogens to its advantage. Instead of waiting for virus disease to appear in populations of pest insects, viruses are collected, mass cultured, formulated, packaged, stored, and applied when needed to control insect pests. Only a few of the viruses isolated from insects have been used in this manner to date. In developing insect viruses maximum effort is made to ensure a safe, effective, and useful product.
Limits on like-sign dilepton production in ν μ interactions

We have searched for the production of like-sign dilepton events (${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}+\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\dots{}$) in a wide-band neutrino beam at Fermilab using the 15-ft bubble chamber. We observe no signal above the background arising from conventional sources. We set 90%-confidence-level upper limits for the production rates of $\frac{({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}+\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\dots{})}{({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}+\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\dots{})}l~0.76\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\frac{({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}+\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\dots{})}{({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}+\mathrm{Ne}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{e}^{+}+\dots{})}l~5.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
1998 Gaze Following

Gaze following is watching another animal’s eyes in order to determine what it is looking at. Gaze following may require a degree of cognition, as it could reflect the ability to distinguish self from other.
Human Factors Field Evaluation of a Blast Debris Protection Design Concept

In an effort to provide urogenital, perineal and femoral protection against blast debris, a novel personal protection device was developed. The prototype, a harness shaped device worn over trousers, was assessed by 15 Soldiers as they performed an assortment of simulated mission tasks. User ratings were generally positive for ease of use, mission performance, mobility and reduced restriction and interference. Participants felt the device allowed them good mobility, fit close to the body, had breathability and allowed access to the front pockets. Participants experienced some bunching in the crotch area, waste relief required the device be at least partially removed, and some restriction in the hip was noted.
The butyrophilin 3A1 intracellular domain undergoes a conformational change involving the juxtamembrane region.

Small isoprenoid diphosphates, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP), are ligands of the internal domain of BTN3A1. Ligand binding in target cells promotes activation of Vγ9...
Age Differences in Explicit and Implicit Age Attitudes Across the Life Span.

Purpose of the study Biased judgments about others can operate both within and outside of our conscious awareness. However, little attention has been paid to how implicit and explicit attitudes differ across the life span, particularly with respect to age bias. In the current study, we examined age differences in implicit and explicit attitudes towards older individuals. Design and method Participants (N = 704,151) ranging from age 15 to 94 completed the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-report measures of bias against older adults. The associations between age bias and several demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, education) were also examined. Results A preference for younger people was found among participants of all ages; however, implicit and explicit attitudes showed divergent associations with age. Implicit preference for younger people was highest among older adults; explicit preference for younger people was lowest among older adults. Implications Examining age differences in implicit and explicit attitudes sheds light into the development and complexities of aging perceptions in different age groups. The current study's findings are discussed in the context of applications to and implications of reducing prejudice toward older adults.
Functional recovery from neuroendocrine deficits: studies with the hypogonadal mutant mouse.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effect on the reproductive physiology of the hypogonadal male host of grafts, containing GnRH cells that were obtained from a region not known to project to the median eminence, and the effect of preoptic area grafts placed in the lateral ventricle far from the median eminence. The chapter also presents measurement of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in relation to mating in hypogonadal females with preoptic area grafts to determine the presence of an ovulatory LH surge in mutant animals with preoptic area grafts. The ability of preoptic area grafts to correct deficiencies in reproductive development is an important example of successful neural transplants, demonstrating that grafted neuropeptide-secreting cells may survive, develop axonal projections into the appropriate region of the host brain, and secrete their products in a physiological manner. Graft tissue derived from neonatal mouse brain appears to result in as frequent and vigorous correction of reproductive deficiencies as does tissue derived from fetal brain. Anatomical studies confirm that there are synapses onto gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) perikarya and dendrites within the grafts, although whether the source is intrinsic or extrinsic to the grafts is not yet defined.
Data analysis of cyber-activity within high performance computing environments

High performance computing (HPC) environments are becoming the norm for daily use. However, the resilience of these systems is questionable because their complex infrastructure makes troubleshooting both the location and cause of failures extremely difficult. These same reasons make HPCs prone to virulent activity. This paper presents a data analysis framework for analyzing ranges of failure observations as a result of malicious activity. Taking into account the internal reliability infrastructure, data network extrapolation is performed as a preprocessing tool that accurately calculates the normalized failure rates. Next, nonlinear regression is performed on the spectrum of observations taking into account the magnitude, growth rate, and midpoint behavior. Additionally, influence analysis is performed that considers outlying observations. The empirical results using a simulated supercomputing modeling and simulation framework show improvement, in terms of characterization performance, where approximately 91% of the nodes were properly characterized. The results of this work can be applied to develop robust task-scheduling frameworks within supercomputing architectures.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Health: The Facts Are In

A review of three journal articles shows the significant impact that poverty has on physical and mental health status, as well as all causes of mortality. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Fatigue of Glass-Epoxy Composite at 77K and 300K: Observation and Prediction

Compression-compression fatigue behavior of a glass fibercloth reinforcement epoxy composite at 300K and 77K is discussed in terms of the temperature (T) — cycles to failure (N) relationship, reliability, and damage initiation and growth. Some of the findings are as follows: the stress amplitude and number of cycles to failure are related to the temperature and characterized by a three-dimensional surface; Weibull parameters are sufficiently accurate to define the scatter in the fatigue results; failure by chance is the controlling degradation process; and fatigue damage consists of fairly uniform matrix crazing throughout the surface of the specimen.
Resolution of the η ′ → η π π Puzzle

Results from current-algebra calculations with symmetry breaking arising from quarkmass terms are shown not to be inconsistent with the experimental features of ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay.
Expanded Structure-Activity Studies of Lipoxazolidinone Antibiotics

The lipoxazolidinone family of marine natural products, which contains an unusual 4-oxazolidinone core, was found to possess potent antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we expanded our previous synthetic efforts by preparing selected aryl derivatives of the lipoxazolidinones and further evaluating the potential to expand the activity of this class of molecules to Gram-negative pathogens. With these analogs, we explored the effect of varying the substitution pattern around the aromatic ring, increasing the chain length between the oxazolidinone core and the aryl system, and how altering the position of more polar functional groups affected the antimicrobial activity. Finally, we utilized a TolC knockout strain of E. coli to demonstrate that our compounds are subject to efflux in Gram-negative pathogens, and activity is restored in these knockouts. Together these results provide additional data for the further development of 4-oxazolidinone analogs 5, 20, and 21 for the treatment of infectious disease.
Two Models of Alternative Attorney-Payment Devices

This invited chapter considers the effect of alternative attorney payment devices on access to civil justice in U.S. courts. Contingent fee agreements and statutory fee-shifting provisions modify the convention that each party to a civil case pay for its own attorneys based on the amount of attorney time devoted to the matter. A popular line of argument holds that such devices ensure access to justice for litigants who could not otherwise make effective use of the civil justice system. But the devices also have allocational effects, shaping attorneys’ decisions about which clients to represent and which claims to prosecute. The chapter introduces two models of alternative attorney payment devices -- the "enabling" and "determinant" models -- that emphasize the devices' capacity to enable litigation on the one hand and tendency to shape the universe of litigated cases on the other. It suggests that in a world of constrained supply, the determinant model better captures the role alternative payment devices play in the U.S. legal system. For policymakers, the analysis underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to access to civil justice. If alternative payment devices are justice-allocating as much as they are justice-enabling, other regulatory interventions are needed to ensure that the civil justice system is accessible to Americans of ordinary means.
Monogenic and Polygenic Contributions to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Results From a National Biobank.

Rationale: Genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 genetic loci for atrial fibrillation (AF); recent work described an association between loss-of-function (LOF) variants in TTN an...
Heterochiral DNA Strand-Displacement Based on Chimeric d/l-Oligonucleotides

Heterochiral DNA strand-displacement reactions enable sequence-specific interfacing of oligonucleotide enantiomers, making it possible to interface native d-nucleic acids with molecular circuits built using nuclease-resistant l-DNA. To date, all heterochiral reactions have relied on peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which places potential limits on the scope and utility of this approach. Herein, we now report heterochiral strand-displacement in the absence of PNA, instead utilizing chimeric d/l-DNA complexes to interface oligonucleotides of the opposite chirality. We show that these strand-displacement reactions can be easily integrated into multicomponent heterochiral circuits, are compatible with both DNA and RNA inputs, and can be engineered to function in serum-supplemented medium. We anticipate that these new reactions will lead to a wider application of heterochiral strand-displacement, especially in the design of biocompatible nucleic acid circuits that can reliably operate within living systems.
Observed Near-Storm Environment Variations across the Southern Cumberland Plateau System in Northeastern Alabama

AbstractThe Sand Mountain and Lookout Mountain Plateaus in northeastern Alabama have been established as a regional relative maximum in tornadogenesis reports within the southeastern United States....
Inconsistent Performance of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification.

Abstract Objectives Performance of recently developed deep learning models for image classification surpasses that of radiologists. However, there are questions about model performance consistency and generalization in unseen external data. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the high performance of deep learning on mammograms can be transferred to external data with a different data distribution. Materials and Methods Six deep learning models (three published models with high performance and three models designed by us) were evaluated on four different mammogram data sets, including three public (Digital Database for Screening Mammography, INbreast, and Mammographic Image Analysis Society) and one private data set (UKy). The models were trained and validated on either Digital Database for Screening Mammography alone or a combined data set that included Digital Database for Screening Mammography. The models were then tested on the three external data sets. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) was used to evaluate model performance. Results The three published models reported validation auROC scores between 0.88 and 0.95 on the validation data set. Our models achieved between 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-0.72) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78-0.80) auROC on the same validation data set. However, the same evaluation criteria of all six models on the three external test data sets were significantly decreased, only between 0.44 (95% CI: 0.43-0.45) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.64-0.66). Conclusion Our results demonstrate performance inconsistency across the data sets and models, indicating that the high performance of deep learning models on one data set cannot be readily transferred to unseen external data sets, and these models need further assessment and validation before being applied in clinical practice.
Slurry Ultrasonic Particle Size and Concentration Characterization

An on-line, real-time sensor to measure slurry mean particle size and solids concentration is of interest for many process applications. An ultrasonic sensor is being developed to characterize radioactive waste slurries and their surrogate simulants during transport, separations, and processing.
Social Support And Social Networks Among LGBT Older Adults In Rural Southern Appalachia

While research has begun to examine social networks and social support among LGBT older adults living in rural contexts, no research to date has examined these issues within the unique context of rural southern Appalachia. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to extend this emerging area of research by exploring the perspectives of LGBT older adults on their social networks and social support while living in rural southern Appalachia. In this study, 11 LGBT-identifying older adults were interviewed regarding their social networks and social support within the cultural context of rural Southern Appalachia. Participants generally described having rich informal social support networks that seemed to buffer and mitigate the deleterious effects of the wider culture of homophobia and transphobia. These networks, while varying from person to person, included families of choice (spouse / partner, close friends), neighbors, pets, biological family / families of origin, religious and spiritual communities, women's or men's social groups, and current or former coworkers. While six of the participants voiced that their support system was adequate for their needs, there were reports of mixed, tenuous, or insufficient support systems for five participants. After reviewing main findings, implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Noninvasive Neuromodulation of the Visual Cortex

Currently, blindness cannot be cured and patients’ living quality can be compromised severely. Ultrasonic (US) neuromodulation is a promising technology for the development of noninvasive cortical visual prosthesis. We investigated the feasibility of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) for noninvasive stimulation of the visual cortex (VC) to develop improved visual prosthesis. tFUS was used to successfully evoke neural activities in the VC of both normal and retinal degenerate (RD) blind rats. Our results showed that blind rats showed more robust responses to ultrasound stimulation when compared with normal rats. ( ${p} , two-sample t-test). Three different types of ultrasound waveforms were used in the three experimental groups. Different types of cortical activities were observed when different US waveforms were used. In all rats, when stimulated with continuous ultrasound waves, only short-duration responses were observed at “US on and off” time points. In comparison, pulsed waves (PWs) evoked longer low-frequency responses. Testing different parameters of PWs showed that a pulse repetition frequency higher than 100 Hz is required to obtain the low-frequency responses. Based on the observed cortical activities, we inferred that acoustic radiation force (ARF) is the predominant physical mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation.
Collocating offshore wind and wave generators to reduce power output variability: A Multi-site analysis

Abstract Offshore wind and wave power are renewable energy sources that share the marine environment. Collocating these systems can reduce power variability; however, the extent of this differs between sites. Regional differences in combined system variability are investigated. Potential power output of wind and wave systems is simulated for sites throughout the US East and West Coasts and UK North Sea using field observations of met-ocean conditions. The power production potential is approximated using an idealized power curve of the Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-154 6 MW wind turbine and the Pelamis 750 kW wave energy converter power matrix. The regional comparative approach provides novel insight into collocated system power variability on the US East Coast, and how it contrasts with the previously studied US West Coast and UK North Sea. Hourly and diurnal variability are found to decrease on the US West Coast and UK North Sea, with minimal effect on the US East Coast. The benefits for the West Coast extend to seasonal time scales (but as expected not to annual scales), but benefits for all regions depend on the specific wind-wave capacity mix. Reduced variability can benefit collocated wind and wave power, but these effects differ regionally and must be assessed locally.
Synthesizing Clean Transportation Fuels from CO2 Will at Least Quintuple the Demand for Non-carbogenic Electricity in the United States

We review alternatives that have been proposed to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicles by comparing alternatives for displacing the current suite of transportation fuels to more GH...
Insidious Transmission of a Stress-Related Neuroadaptation.

Stress is highly pervasive in humans, impacting motivated behaviors with an enormous toll on life quality. Many of the effects of stress are orchestrated by neuropeptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). It has previously been shown that in stress-naive male mice, CRF acts in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to produce appetitive effects and to increase dopamine release; yet in stress-exposed male mice, CRF loses its capacity to modulate NAc dopamine release and is aversive. In the current research, we tested whether this effect is comparable in females to males and whether the neuroadaptation is susceptible to social transmission. We found that, like in males, CRF increased dopamine release in stress-naive but not stress-exposed female mice. Importantly, this persistent physiological change was not accompanied by overt behavioral changes that would be indicative of depression- or anxiety-like phenotype. Nonetheless, when these mice were housed for 7 days with stress-naive conspecifics, the cage mates also exhibited a loss of dopamine potentiation by CRF. These data demonstrate the asymptomatic, yet pervasive transmission of stress-related neuroadaptations in the population.
Teoria crítica, formação cultural e educação : homenagem a Bruno Pucci

Book review: ZUIN, Antonio Alvaro Soares; COSTA, Belarmino Cesar Guimaraes da; GOMES, Luiz Roberto; LASTORIA, Luiz Antonio Calmon Nabuco (org.). Teoria critica, formacao cultural e educacao: homenagem a Bruno Pucci. Piracicaba: Editora Unimep, 2018. 396p.
Themes and Theories Revisited: Perspectives on Processes in Family-Peer Relationships.

Nearly thirty years ago, we invited a consortium of esteemed researchers to contribute to a volume entitled Family–Peer Relations: Modes of Linkage that provided a state-of-the-science appraisal of theory and research within the newly emerging discipline of family–peer relations. The volume’s first chapter was titled, “Themes and Theories: Perspectives on Processes in Family–Peer Relationships”, and its primary aims were to identify the processes in the family system that were posited to have a bearing on children’s development in the peer system (and vice versa), characterize potential mechanisms of linkage, describe extant lines of investigation, appraise empirical accomplishments, and identify issues in need of further investigation. Here, nearly thirty years hence, we are pleased to have the opportunity to reappraise the theory and research on family–peer relations. In this article, we revisit the primary objectives that were addressed in our previously published “Themes and Theories” chapter but do so with the express purpose of evaluating the discipline’s progress. Likewise, we also revisit our prior roadmap and associated calls-to-action to update these entities in light of past accomplishments, current limitations, and pressing sociocultural issues and concerns.