cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical structure‐based predictive model for methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation potential

Many screening-level models exist for predicting aerobic biodegradation potential from chemical structure, but anaerobic biodegradation generally has been ignored by modelers. We used a fragment contribution approach to develop a model for predicting biodegradation potential under methanogenic anaerobic conditions. The new model has 37 fragments (substructures) and classifies a substance as either fast or slow, relative to the potential to be biodegraded in the "serum bottle" anaerobic biodegradation screening test (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 311). The model correctly classified 90, 77, and 91% of the chemicals in the training set (n = 169) and two independent validation sets (n = 35 and 23), respectively. Accuracy of predictions of fast and slow degradation was equal for training-set chemicals, but fast-degradation predictions were less accurate than slow-degradation predictions for the validation sets. Analysis of the signs of the fragment coefficients for this and the other (aerobic) Biowin models suggests that in the context of simple group contribution models, the majority of positive and negative structural influences on ultimate degradation are the same for aerobic and methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation.
The Effects of Brand Name Similarity on Brand Source Confusion: Implications for Trademark Infringement

Abstract The prevalent legal view with regard to trademark infringement is that consumers who exercise a low (high) degree of care when evaluating goods will be less (more) likely to notice differences among brands and thus conclude they are of (dis)similar origin. The authors argue on the basis of the involvement literature and demonstrate through two field experiments that the effect of degree of care on likelihood of brand source confusion varies by the type of similarity (similar sound versus similar meaning) among brand names. The authors discuss implications for trademark infringement litigation and company brand name evaluation in light of these findings.
Euro-crisis, American lessons?

What can and should the European Union learn from the experience of the early United States in order to exit the current euro-crisis? While Benjamin Cohen and I agree on roughly four of any five gi...
On the Universality of Social Psychological Theories

As prescribed by the culture of natural science, theories of social psychology are essentially intraindividual mechanisms or information-processing structures that, when activated by stimulus conditions, determine cognitive and behavioral responses. Such theories are conceived to operate independently of the sociocultural context in which people exist. We argue that without being connected to the biology of the organism, or to features of the ecology or social structure that are common to humankind, there is no a priori basis for assuming such theories to be universal. Further, for theories to be universal, the meaning of the stimulus conditions has to be constant across cultures, but since culture is the ultimate source of meaning, we cannot take meaning constancy for granted. On the other hand, cross-cultural variations in social behavior may be "surface" expressions of deep structure norms that are universal. Finally, we examine universalistic conceptual frameworks and models, which provide dimensions ...
Investing in a Shared Supplier in a Competitive Market: Stochastic Capacity Case

When firms invest in a shared supplier, one key concern is whether the invested capacity will be used for a competitor. In practice, this concern is addressed by restricting the use of the capacity. We consider what happens when two competing firms invest in a shared supplier. We consider two scenarios that differ in how capacity is used: exclusive capacity and first-priority capacity. We model firms' investment and production decisions, and analyze the equilibrium outcomes in terms of the number of investing firms and capacity levels for each scenario; realized capacity is a stochastic function of investment levels. We also identify conditions under which the spillover effect occurs, where one firm taps into the other firm's invested capacity. Although the spillover supposedly intensifies competition, it actually discourages firms' investment. We also characterize the firms' and supplier's preference about the capacity type. While the non-investing firm always prefers spillovers from the first-priority capacity, the investing firm does not always want to shut off the other firm's access to its leftover capacity, especially when allowing spillover induces the other firm not to invest. The supplier's preference depends on the trade-off between over-investment and flexibility
Role of M Cells and Macrophages in the Entrance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis into Domes of Ileal Peyer's Patches in Calves

Ligated ileal loops of calves were inoculated with live and heat-killed Mycobacterium paratuber- culosis and were examined by light and electron microscopy. At 5 hours after inoculation, acid-fast bacilli were in subepithelial macrophages, but not in M cells covering domes. At 20 hours, more than 50 acid-fast bacilli per cross section were in subepithelial macrophages in domes. Both living and heat-killed bacilli passed into domes. Addition of anti-M. paratuberculosis bovine serum to the inoculum enhanced entry of bacteria into domes. By electron microscopy, intact bacilli with electron-transparent zones (peribacillary spaces) were in the supranuclear cytoplasm of M cells at 20 hours. M cells also contained vacuoles, including electron-dense material interpreted as degraded bacilli. Subepithelial and intraepithelial macrophages contained bacilli and degraded bacterial material in phagosomes. These results suggest that calf ileal M cells take up bacilli, and that subepithelial and intraepithelial macrophages secondarily accept bacilli or bacterial debris which are expelled from M cells. Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacteriurn paratu- berculosis is one of the most important intestinal in- fections in cattle.2 It is characterized by granulomatous enteritis which leads to chronic diarrhea and progres- sive emaciation.2 After experimental oral infection, early lesions occur in ileal Peyer's patche~,~J~ suggest- ing a relationship between the entry of bacilli and Pey- er's patches. Between the ordinary villi covering Peyer's patches there are small domes caused by bulges in the lymphoid tissue. The dome epithelium of bovine ileum is char- acterized by a uniform population of M cell~~.~J' and lium of Peyer's patches in mice but was not observed to pass through M cells.15 The present study was designed to investigate the attachment and uptake of M. paratuberculosis in the terminal ileum of calves. Inocula containing anti-M. paratuberculosis bovine serum, normal bovine serum, colostrum, and milk were added to suspensions of ba- cilli, since, in natural infections, M. paratuberculosis is ingested by calves with colostrum, milk, or maternal antibody.
Arithmetic microsystems for the synthesis of function generators

The continuing reduction of the size and cost of integrated circuit logic elements encourages the utilization of more complex logic nets in digital computers. In arithmetic processors, the application of integrated circuits will permit the replacement of sequential logic nets by their combinational equivalents, and the replacement of programmed subroutines by arithmetic fraction generators. At the present time, such function generators are used in the Variable Structure Computer at the University of California, Los Angeles. The potentially low cost of logic elements can be realized if large numbers of elements are contained in one package with a limited number of connections to the outside, and if very few types of packages are used in large quantities. Present-day arithmetic processors cannot be readily subdivided into uniform packages because of irregularities in their internal structure. The paper describes the advantages gained by the application of signed-digit number systems in the design of such packages, called arithmetic microsystems. Three types of combinational microsystems are described and their internal design is illustrated by examples for a radix 16 system. The microsystems can accept conventional binary or signed-digit operands. Combinational reconversion of results to the binary system is also discussed. The application of microsystems is illustrated by radix 16 combinational arrays for the operations of multiplication and division.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Risk Factors for Infection and Impact of Resistance on Outcomes

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)--producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has increased markedly in recent years. Thirty-three patients with infection due to ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae (case patients) were compared with 66 matched controls. Total prior antibiotic use was the only independent risk factor for ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae infection (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.03--1.18; P=.006). Case patients were treated with an effective antibiotic a median of 72 hours after infection was suspected, compared with a median of 11.5 hours after infection was suspected for controls (P<.001). ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae infection was associated with a significantly longer duration of hospital stay and greater hospital charges (P=.01 and P<.001, respectively). Finally, many ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were closely related. ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae infections have a significant impact on several important clinical outcomes, and efforts to control outbreaks of infection with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae should emphasize judicious use of all antibiotics as well as barrier precautions to reduce spread.
Diel Movement and Habitat Use of California Golden Trout in the Golden Trout Wilderness, California

Abstract I used radio transmitters to determine the diel habitat use and movement patterns of California golden trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquabonita inside and outside cattle exclosures on the South Fork Kern River, Golden Trout Wilderness, California. Twenty-three golden trout were monitored from September 10 to 19, 1993, during 216 diel-tracking hours at four study sites in upper and lower Ramshaw Meadow. No differences in distances moved or home ranges were detected between golden trout inside and outside exclosures. Mean home ranges were 18.5–54.0 m inside the two exclosure sites and 36.0–68.7 m outside the two exclosures. Most golden trout were found within 5 m of their previously recorded location at both upper (93.5% of 521 observations) and lower (92% of 394 observations) Ramshaw Meadow sites. Movement of individual fish varied: five fish moved less than 5 m throughout the 10-d study period, whereas 12 fish moved 100–608 m. Golden trout were active both day and night, and I observed them feeding t...
An integrated program for 2-D and 3-D analysis of heart wall motion from magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetization tagging provides a non invasive tomographic imaging method for the evaluation of cardiac function. We have developed an integrated set of programs for the analysis and display of heart wall motion from cardiac MRI. Cardiac wall contours and tag positions can be extracted manually or semiautomatically from the images. The contours can be stacked to calculate global function variables, or the relative motion of the tags in the images can be used to calculate the regional 2-D strain. Tag data from orthogonal sets of images can be combined to calculate regional 3-D strain. Display options include static or dynamic displays of scalar and vector or tensor quantities. This integrated program provides a useful means to extract and display cardiac function data from tagged MRI.
On the question of lexical regularity

In a recent article on the indivisibility of 'words' (Sampson, 1979), Geoffrey Sampson, in arguing against the semantic decomposition of 'vocabulary items', concludes with a claim against lexical decomposability of derived items such as Nixonite, etc. One can hardly take issue, I think, with his argument against the purely semantic decomposition of lexical primes; however, it does not follow from this that the lexicon is characterized by unproductive, irregular rules or a total absence thereof:
Memory-aware NoC exploration and design

In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in NoC research, spanning architectures, protocols and tools. In addition to a large number of academic and research projects, we are now seeing several commercial realizations of NoC- based chip designs. With chip capacities going well beyond the billion transistor mark, on one hand large amounts of the die are occupied by memory resources and on the other hand many complex applications being mapped to these chips are also memory-intensive. In such instances, memories dominate all the axes of traditional design constraints, including, but not limited to performance, area (cost), and power/energy. Furthermore, the move towards sub-nanometer technologies elevates another critical design consideration: process variability and thermal sensitivity, which in turn critically affect the reliability of memories as well. All of these trends make the case for a memory-aware NoC design methodology.
Consequences of Density Dependence for Management of a Stage-Structured Invasive Plant (Alliaria Petiolata)

ABSTRACT Management of invasive species often targets a particular life stage in structured populations. Evaluating the success of management requires measuring the survivorship and reproductive success of the targeted stage class, as well as assessing the possibility for increased fitness in the non-targeted stage class due to a release from density dependence. Management of the invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) focuses on removing adults by pulling or clipping and is applied early or late in the reproductive season. We evaluated the effectiveness of different management types (unmanaged, clipped, pulled) and timing (early or late) on survival and fitness of targeted adult plants and non-targeted, co-occurring juveniles. Viable seeds were produced by adults that were unmanaged, pulled early in the season and clipped at midheight early in the season. Unmanaged and pulled adults produced significantly more seeds than clipped plants; unmanaged plants produced seeds that were significant...
Information Asymmetries And Closed-End Funds

We examine the degree to which information asymmetries play a role in the closed-end fund seasoned offerings and introduce a new explanation for why funds with low information asymmetry also choose to issue. Interpreting turnover ratio as a proxy for information asymmetry, we test for differences in turnover across fund types and find that equity and international fund issuers generate significantly higher turnover than debt and domestic fund issuers respectively. We then investigate the motives for issuing funds with low information asymmetry and discover that they are good asset market timers, i.e. issue when underlying asset markets are relatively underpriced. By timing asset markets, such funds generate better long-run returns and maximize the interests of long-term investors.
Coronary Endothelium: A Key to Life Expectancy

Endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the development of atherosclerosis. Normal endothelium maintains vascular stucture and tone by balancing vasoconstriction with vasodilatation. With endothelial dysfunction, production of nitric oxide (NO) is impaired, leaving unopposed vasoconstrictive substances such as angiotensin II. The endothelium releases factors that balance growth promotion and growth inhibition. Physiologically, growth-inhibiting activity predominates, maintaining the blood vessel wall homeostasis. With endothelial dysfunction, growth-promoting factors dominate, resulting in vascular overgrowth and deformation, which lead to thickening of the media and reduction in lumen size. These vascular changes are common in hypertension, renal failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. QUESTIONS 1. Which of the 3 layers of an artery initiate atherogenic lesions? a. the media b. the intima c. the adventitia
Plenary Address, Australian Childhood Foundation Conference Childhood Trauma: Understanding the Basis of Change and Recovery Early Right Brain Regulation and the Relational Origins of Emotional Wellbeing

During the past two decades an explosion of interdisciplinary research, especially in developmental neuroscience, has transformed and deepened our understanding of how the seminal social emotional events of infancy indelibly impact, for better or worse, all later stages of human development. In this article I briefly summarise my contributions in regulation theory towards that effort. After describing a current paradigm shift in the developmental sciences, I present an overview of my ongoing studies on the interpersonal neurobiology of the mother–infant attachment relationship. I offer research which indicates that optimal attachment experiences facilitate the experience-dependent maturation of the early developing ‘emotional’ right brain and thereby a predisposition for emotional wellbeing in later stages of life. I conclude with thoughts about the application of regulation theory for early intervention and prevention programs, as well as some larger implications for family law, cultural and political systems, and human capital formation.
miRNA regulation of LDL-cholesterol metabolism

In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of circulating levels of lipoproteins. Specifically, recent work has uncovered the role of miRNAs in controlling the levels of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein LDL (LDL)-cholesterol by post-transcriptionally regulating genes involved in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, cholesterol biosynthesis, and hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) expression. Interestingly, several of these miRNAs are located in genomic loci associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids in humans. These findings reinforce the interest of targeting this subset of non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutic avenues for regulating plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TAG) levels. In this review, we will discuss how these new miRNAs represent potential pre-disposition factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and putative therapeutic targets in patients with cardiometabolic disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernandez-Hernando and Yajaira Suarez.
Driveline Infection Risk with Utilization of a Temporary External Anchoring Suture After Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device

Driveline infections (DLI) are a cause of morbidity after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation. Because driveline trauma contributes to DLI, we assessed whether intraoperative placement of a temporary external anchoring suture (EAS) influenced DLI rate. We analyzed 161 consecutive patients with CF-LVAD (HMII 82; HW 79) implantation. Two groups were defined: placement of EAS (n = 85) or No EAS (n = 76). For NO EAS patients, the driveline was permanently anchored internally to the rectus fascia. Cox proportional analysis was performed to assess the effect of EAS on time to first confirmed DLI. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (all p = 0.3). Mean follow-up time was 0.93 years. A total of 18 (11.1%) patients developed confirmed culture positive DLI, with "first infection" rate of 0.13 events/year. Mean time to confirmed DLI was 0.69 years. Driveline infection was less likely (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 0.95 confidence interval [CI] = 0.06-1.25, p = 0.056) to occur in NO EAS (2/18) then in EAS (16/18). Confirmed DLI was comparable between device types (p = 0.3). Multivariable regression adjusted for age, BMI, blood product use, device type, and diabetes showed equivocal effect of EAS (HR = 0.33, 0.95 CI = 0.07-1.54, p = 0.12). Patients with a temporary EAS may have an increased risk of confirmed DLI after device implantation.
A Feminist Reflection on Ethnographic Research in China: Gender, Sex, and Power in Cross-Cultural Context

As a feminist cultural anthropologist specializing in social transformations in contemporary China, my research and teaching necessarily involves exploring the construction of difference, the intersectionality of gender with other social positions, and how difference upholds or challenges power. In this essay, I employ biographical reflection to illustrate how my everyday experiences as a student, foreign English teacher, and scholarly researcher in China have refined my awareness of these important insights of feminist theory. As my attention to these processes increased, I became more mindful of the myriad ways women negotiate cultural configurations of gender and power in their everyday lives. Personal experiences also prompted me to reflect on how my identity and positionality impact the research process and outcomes. Thus experiential knowledge greatly enriched my study and understanding of the changing lives of women in China. I suggest how educators can impart these valuable lessons to students through experiential learning.
The King is Dead – Long Live the King: What Follows after the Troika?

The focus of this paper is the need to reshape the financial assistance programmes and the related activities of the Troika in a way that would make them more socially and democratically acceptable. The starting point, therefore, is an analysis of the current role of the Troika and of each of its three constituent institutions in the framework of the financial assistance programmes.This analysis is followed by a discussion of the new style of European interventionism embodied by the Troika with special emphasis on the democratic and social deficits by which it is marred. Next, in order to describe the effects of this European interventionist approach as practised by the Troika, the example of wage and collective bargaining policy has been selected as a specific illustration. Finally, some concrete suggestions are put forward as to how the attempt at crisis management conducted by the Troika (or its successor institutions) might be set on a policy footing inspired by a more socially and democratically oriented political vision.
Localized sinonasal mucosal melanoma: Outcomes and associations with stage, radiotherapy, and positron emission tomography response.

Background Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 patients with localized sinonasal mucosal melanoma treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC from 1998–2013). Demographic, tumor, imaging, and treatment factors were recorded and survival and disease-control outcomes were analyzed. Results Median overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 32 and 50 months, respectively. Median locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) were 43 and 12 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated greater OS in nasal cavity tumors and earlier T classification. Radiotherapy (RT) was associated with significantly greater LRFS (5-years; 35% vs 59%; p = .01), but no difference in OS. Post-RT positron emission tomography (PET) response was associated with greater OS. Conclusion Distant metastasis is the predominant mode of recurrence in sinonasal mucosal melanoma, but local recurrence remains common. RT is associated with improved local control, but no survival benefit. The prognostic value of post-RT PET imaging warrants further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Influence of Exercise and Drugs on Bone Density of Rats

This paper discussed the effect of exercise and drugs on bone density of rats.The research objects are 60 SD female rats and as the experimental model of OVX rats.These rats were randomly divided into surgical static group(n=10),surgical treatment group(n=10),surgical administration of exercise(n=10),10 surgical exercise group(n=10) and sham exercise group(n=10),sham operation group at rest(n=10).The operation group is that ovary-removed on both side,the fake operation group is that remove ovary-size fats near ovary.After one-week of operation,the exercise group utilizes the machine of little animal running platform to run an hour daily that 18m/min.The running platform take on the level circumstance and the frequency is 6 days one week.The medicine to the giving-medicine group is 17-β estradiol which dosage is 5ug/200g weight.The time to inject is Monday,Wednesday and Friday.The exercise group carries through the preliminary training that is increasing intensity to study run at the running platform until measure up to requires.To hocus rats with hydration of acetaldehyde and measure its weight,kill all rats by bleed at the femoral and take their right and left shankbones of back crura and thighbone、the fourth lumbar vertebra,then remove the clear connective tissue.After that,lay the shankbone into the experiment oven which temperature is 60 degree Celsius by number and take them out 12 hours latter.Then measure all shankones' masses by electronic analytical balance and measure their lengths by vernier caliper,then calculate the average of the right and left shankbones,Then bandage the thighbones and lumbar spine bones with the gauze that is penetrated solution pbs,and reserve within the icebox which is-20 degree Celsius,as melt toward the room temperature under the normal temperature,then after measure the masses of right thighbone and the fourth lumbar vertebra by DEXA,measure the geometry data of the fourth lumbar vertebra.Results:The experimental conditions,the removal of the ovaries in rats geometry of the tibia,femur and fourth lumbar spine bone mineral density compared with the sham group were significantly different(P0.01).The drug and exercise intervention in ovariectomized rats compared with the sham exercise group,the BMD indexes were no significant changes.Conclusion:Under the experimental conditions,17β-estradiol and castrated rats running campaign to improve the length of the tibia and weight mass index;to improve the ovariectomized rat femur and fourth lumbar bone mineral density significantly.
Galago senegalensis braccatus (Bushbaby)

The preparations were kindly donated by Dr. L.E.M. de Boer and come from lymphocyte cultures. Galagos have a Robertsonian polymorphism which is reviewed in detail by de Boer (1973).
Effect of Hydrogen Ions on Influx and Efflux of Ba 2+ and Cd 2+ in Adrenal Medulla

To examine the possibility that enhanced uptake of Ba2+ and Cd2+ might explain the increased secretion induced by these metals at high pH, Ba2+ and Cd2+ were perfused through isolated bovine adrenals at high pH 7.4 and 8.3. Both metals were found in greater concentrations in the tissue after exposure at the high pH. Continued perfusion of adrenals with Locke's solution at pH 7.4 or 8.3 after exposure to the metals showed that Cd remaining in the tissue was not affected by the pH of the washout but residual Ba was greater after washout at the high pH. Catecholamine release was correlated with tissue Ba content regardless of the pH of the washout, but residual Cd was not correlated with amine secretion. It appears that low H+ concentrations increase influx of Ba2+ and Cd2+ into adrenomedullary cells and decrease efflux of Ba from this tissue. Elevated intracellular levels of Ba and Cd probably mediate the enhanced adrenomedullary secretion noted after exposure to the metals at high pH. Barium in the tissue is proportional to secretion, but it appears that only part of the Cd2+ entering the cells is involved in initiating adrenal catecholamine release.
A Historical Perspective On Meniscal Repair

The treatment of meniscal injuries has changed drastically over the past 50 years. This evolution has been fueled by research on the natural history, basic science, and biomechanics of meniscal injury and by the advent of arthroscopy. This article presents a brief overview of these developments.
Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients with traumatic injuries.

Vitamin D depletion has been associated with increased rate of infections, lengthened hospital stay, and worsened mortality for critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and variables associated with vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients with severe traumatic injuries. Critically ill adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit (ICU) between June 2013 and June 2014, referred to the nutrition support service for enteral or parenteral nutrition, and had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) concentration determination were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were stratified as vitamin D sufficient, insufficient, deficient, or severely deficient based on a 25-OH vitamin D concentration of 30–80, 20–29.9, 13.1–19.9, and ≤13 ng/mL, respectively. One hundred and twenty-one patients out of 158 (76 %) patients were vitamin D deficient or severely deficient. Thirty-one patients (20 %) were insufficient and 6 (4 %) had a normal 25-OH vitamin D concentration. 25-OH vitamin D was determined 7.5 ± 5.1 days after ICU admission. African-Americans had a greater proportion of patients with deficiency or severe deficiency compared to other races (91 versus 64 %, P = 0.02). Penetrating gunshot or knife stab injury, African-American race, and obesity (elevated body mass index) were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency or severe deficiency: OR 9.23 (1.13, 75.40), 4.0 (1.4, 11.58), and 1.12 (1.03, 1.23), P < 0.05, respectively. The majority of critically ill patients with traumatic injuries exhibit vitamin D deficiency or severe deficiency. Penetrating injuries, African-American race, and obesity are significant risk factors for deficiency. Severity of injury, extent of inflammation (elevated C-reactive protein concentration), or hospital admission during the winter season did not significantly influence the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
Nodular Scleroderma Revisited: Systemic Sclerosis Presenting as Annular Keloidal Sclerotic Plaques.

Background: Nodular scleroderma, also known as keloidal scleroderma, is a rare variant of systemic sclerosis. Purpose: The clinical features, pathologic findings and postulated pathogenesis of nodular scleroderma are discussed. Methods: A woman with previously undiagnosed systemic sclerosis who presented with nodular scleroderma is described. Using the PubMed database, a literature search was performed on keloidal scleroderma, nodular scleroderma, and systemic sclerosis. Results: Nodular scleroderma is characterized by firm plaques or nodules, which can mimic a keloid, that are typically located on the anterior orposterior upper trunk and the arms; they show pathologic changes of scleroderma, keloid, or hypertrophic scar. Akeloidal response of inflamed skin that is involved in an active fibrotic process inherent to systemic sclerosis, in individuals who are genetically predisposed to keloid formation, is the hypothesized pathogenesis. Conclusion: Nodular scleroderma is rare. The authors’ patient presented with diarrhea, dysphagia, fatigue, Raynaud’s phenomenon, shortness of breath, and annular keloidal plaques of morphea whose biopsy showed features of hypertrophic scar; additional studies confirmed the diagnosis of the nodular scleroderma variant of systemic sclerosis. The possibility of systemic sclerosis should be entertained in patients who present with nodularor keloidal plaques that morphologically resemble morphea and have histologic findings of a scar or a keloid—especially if there are associated symptoms suggestive for systemic sclerosis.
The Collapse into the Inorganic

With this chapter, my analysis of Wittgenstein’s Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough is concluded. I have surveyed the themes of these two sets of notes, and have, whenever necessary, appealed to other of his writings and to those of other theorists, in order to clarify or expand upon certain suggestions. My evaluation has differed from those of the majority of commentators, and particularly from those who claim to follow Wittgenstein. For these followers have often contended that Wittgenstein’s criticisms of Frazer are unanswerable and that in the place of the theory he demolished, Wittgenstein presented an expressive account of magic and religion, whereby the reasons for such rites are located in a catharsis of emotion or in the expressing of attitudes towards the world. Rejecting the comparative method, Wittgenstein is said to have presented an invaluable and original anthropological method of analysis: perspicuous representation. This book has challenged these contentions. Many of Wittgenstein’s criticisms of Frazer have been shown to be inconclusive and unsatisfactory. The expressivist thesis was seen to be no more plausible than instrumentalist alternatives, and more importantly, it was shown that Wittgenstein himself cannot have been propounding such a view. Likewise, the concept of a perspicuous representation was examined and found to have not inconsiderable difficulties.
The Orthogeriatrics Model of Care

As discussed in Chap. 7, osteoporosis and resulting fragility fractures can be thought of as a geriatric syndrome. Most osteoporotic individuals who sustain fragility fractures are older adults; more than 90 % of hip fractures occur in individuals who are 65 or older [1]. The risk of hip fracture doubles with every decade after the age of 50 [2], so that a woman who reaches the age of 90 years has a one in three chance of sustaining a hip fracture [3].
Hyperbolicity and Change of Type in Steady Flow

Now we put the time derivatives to zero. This means that we have left behind ill-posed problems and short wave instabilities. The problem now is to find the regions of steady flow in which the vorticity equation gives rise to real characteristic directions. In general, the analysis of the characteristics of (5.10) when the time derivatives vanish will lead to conditions for the emergence of transcritical flow, like transonic flow in aerodynamics, elliptic in some regions of flow and hyperbolic in others.
Electron and Positron Beam-Driven Plasma Acceleration

Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that...
Do Step- and Biological Grandparents Show Differences in Investment and Emotional Closeness With Their Grandchildren?:

Human children are raised by a variety of caregivers including grandparents. A few studies have assessed potential differences in direct caregiving, financial expenditures, and emotional closeness between biological and step-grandparents. Drawing upon kin selection theory, we hypothesized that step-grandparents would provide less care and be less emotionally close to grandchildren than would biological grandparents. A sample of 341 heterosexual U.S. adults 25-35 years of age in a long-term partnership and with a biological child 5 years of age or younger were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Subjects provided sociodemographic information and answered questions about the dynamics between their own parent/stepparent and their own youngest biological child (hence, biological/step-grandparenting dynamics). Main analyses were restricted to within-subject comparisons. Results showed that biological grandmothers provided more direct childcare, financial expenditures, and had more emotionally close relationships with grandchildren than did step-grandmothers. Biological grandfathers provided less direct care and had less emotionally close relationships than step-grandfathers but did not exhibit differences in financial expenditures. Biological grandmothers provided more direct care, financial investment, and were more emotionally close to the referential grandchild than were biological grandfathers. Step-grandfathers were more emotionally close and more often played with grandchildren than step-grandmothers. These findings partially support kin selection theory. We discuss the relevance of factors such as competing demands on grandmothers' investment in biological and step-grandchildren and grandfathering serving in part as mating effort. Sex differences in biological grandparenting also mirror those in parenting. We suggest directions for future research, including on grandfathers, particularly in patrilineal societies.
Examining the Relationship between Religious Coping and the Misuse of Prescription Stimulants among a Sample of Undergraduate Students

Background: There is a well-established inverse relationship in undergraduate samples between a person's religious coping and substance abuse. Positive religious coping (PRC) has been associated wi...
American Poetry and the First World War

American Poetry and the First World War connects American poetry to the political and economic forces behind American participation in World War I. Dayton investigates the ways that poetry was used to imagine the war and studies a wide range of poetry: open and closed form, formal and colloquial, well-known and unknown. In a chapter on Edith Wharton, Dayton demonstrates that many of the features of poetry also found expression in prose about the war. Seeing the war as the opening bid in American ascent to global hegemony, Dayton unlocks some of the ways that literature provided a means by which to accept - and occasionally contest - the price to be paid for power. American Poetry and the First World War draws on a wide range of reading in the primary texts of the period, archival research, historical materialist theory, and work in political and economic history and international relations.
Explosive Decomposition of Tetramethyldioxetane in the Solid Phase: Potential for a High Density Short Wavelength Chemical Laser

3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane (TMD) is an energetic compound whose exothermic decomposition results in a high yield of electronically excited products according to reaction (1) $${\rm{TMD}}\,\, \to \,\,0.5\,{\,^3}{{\rm{A}}^*}\,\, + \,\,1.5\,\,{{\rm{A}}_0},$$ (1) where 3A* and A0 are electronically excited acetone in its lowest (metastable) triplet state and in the ground state, respectively.[1,2] The decompostion of TMD to form two moles of ground-state acetone is exothermic by 65 kcal/mol. This corresponds to an internal energy content of 2344 J/g for TMD, a value that is comparable to that of a medium grade dynamite.[3] The fact that the yield metastable triplet acetone is high, 30–50%, coupled with a low gas-phase activation energy for reaction (1), 27 kcal/mol, makes TMD a promising candidate pulsed chemical laser.
Nonparametric MLE incorporation of heterogeneity and model testing into premarked cohort studies

We utilize mixture models and nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation to both develop a likelihood ratio test (lrt) for a common simplifying assumption and to allow heterogeneity within premarked cohort studies. Our methods allow estimation of the entire probability model and thus one can not only estimate many parameters of interest but one can also bootstrap from the estimated model to predict many things, including the standard deviations of estimators. Simulations suggest that our lrt has the appropriate protection for Type I error and often has good power. In practice, our lrt is important for determining the appropriateness of estimators and in examining if a simple design with only one capture period could be utilized for a future similar study.
Patient and Clinician Vocabulary: How Different Are They?

Consumers and patients are confronted with a plethora of health care information, especially through the proliferation of web content resources. Democratization of the web is an important milestone for patients and consumers since it helps to empower them, make them better advocates on their own behalf and foster better, more-informed decisions about their health. Yet lack of familiarity with medical vocabulary is a major problem for patients in accessing the available information. As a first step to providing better vocabulary support for patients, this study collected and analyzed patient and clinician terms to confirm and quantitatively assess their differences. We also analyzed the information retrieval (IR) performance resulting from these terms. The results showed that patient terminology does differ from clinician terminology in many respects including misspelling rate, mapping rate and semantic type distribution, and patient terms lead to poorer results in information retrieval.
Enhanced activity and level of protein kinase A in the spinal cord supernatant of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-treated hens. Distribution of protein kinases and phosphatases in spinal cord subcellular fractions

Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) is a type I organophosphorus compound and produces delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in adult hens. A single dose of DFP (1.7 mg/kg, sc.) produces mild ataxia in hens in 7-14 days, which develops into severe ataxia or paralysis as the disease progresses. We have previously shown altered expression of several proteins (e.g. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) α-subunit, tau, tubulin, neurofilament protein (NF), vimentin, GFAP) and an immediate early gene (e.g. c-fos) in DFP-treated hens. Here we show an increase in protein kinase A (PKA) protein level and activity in the spinal cord at 1-day and 5-days time periods after DFP administration. We also determined the protein levels of protein kinase C (PKC), CaM kinase II and several phosphatases (i.e. phosphatase 1 (PP1), phosphatase 2A (PP2A), phosphatase 2B (PP2B) in the spinal cord of DFP-treated hens after 1, 5, 10, and 20 days). There was increase in CaM kinase II α subunit level after 10 and 20 days of treatment, and decrease in PKC level at 1-day and 20-days time periods in spinal cord mitochondria. In contrast, the cerebrum, which is resistant to DFP-induced axonal degeneration, did not show change in PKA and CaM Kinase II levels at any time period DFP post-administration. No alteration was found in the protein levels of PP1, PP2A, and PP2B at any time period. An early induction in PKA, which is an important protein kinase in signal transduction, followed by that of CaM kinase might be contributing towards the development of OPIDN in DFP-treated hens.
Transport Equation in an Accelerated Material, Legendre Moments, and a Diffusion Approximation

The Boltzmann equation in an accelerated medium is described; and the Legendre moments of the equation, formulated in velocities relative to that medium, are obtained for one-dimensional plane and spherical geometries. The accelerated medium effectively introduces additionai velocity-dependent terms into the usual moment equations. The P/sub n/ scheme is suggested for the coupledchannel equations, and a low-order diffusion approximation accounting for the acceleration of the medium is proposed. (auth)
Neural Networks, Cell Genome and Interactome Nonlinear Dynamic Models

Operational logic and bioinformatics models of nonlinear dynamics in complex functional systems such as neural networks, genomes and cell interactomes are proposed. Łukasiewicz Algebraic Logic models of genetic networks and signaling pathways in cells are formulated in terms of nonlinear dynamic systems with n-state components that allow for the generalization of previous logical models of both genetic activities and neural networks. An algebraic formulation of variable 'next-state functions' is extended to a Łukasiewicz Topos with an n-valued Łukasiewicz Algebraic Logic subobject classifier description that represents non-random and nonlinear network activities as well as their transformations in developmental processes and carcinogenesis.
Validation of Compression Index Approximations Using Soil Void Ratio

Published equations for approximations of soil compression index in terms of in situ void ratio are varied and confusing. Many published expressions yield a positive compression index even for soils with zero void ratios. Furthermore, published expressions are normally based on a high correlation coefficient and limited test data. Significant measures such as standard errors are often omitted. Some published equations are limited to fine-grained or organic soils. Most available data exhibit a behavior in which significant scatter is observed for small values of void ratio. High void ratio values associated with organic soils produce high compression indices. The use of compression index in settlement calculation of organic soils deposits and especially peat is not justified. Over the past five years, significant amount of data was collected from published articles in reputable journals and conferences. A total of 1722 data points relating the compression index to soil void ratio were analyzed. Using MATLAB, the authors developed new regression models that relate the compression index of normally consolidated soils to its void ratio and including careful examination of data outliers. Using the methods of Robust Regression, the proposed regression models minimized the effects of data outliers and produced higher correlation coefficients with reduced associated standard errors. Although several artificial neural networks (ANN) regression models are available, such models were based on limited data without dealing with data outliers. The combined data set used is then largest ever assembled and offers clear insights into the behavior of mineral and organic soils. The proposed regression models differ from published empirical approximations by considering the impact of data outliers.
Burnout Culture Shift: Strategies and Techniques for Preventing and Addressing Library Worker Fatigue and Demotivation

AbstractWork-related burnout is a problem many professionals experience. While it can be difficult to diagnose and overcome, many strategies do exist. This article offers an exploration of the natu...
Improving the design of California's prescription drug monitoring program.

Objective The US CDC identified prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) as a tool to address the contemporary opioid crisis, but few studies have investigated PDMP usability and effectiveness from the users' perspective. Even fewer have considered how practices differ across medical domains. In this study, we aimed to address these gaps, soliciting perspectives on PDMPs from providers contending with the opioid crisis: physicians working in emergency departments (EDs) and pain management clinics. We aimed to provide practical design recommendations to improve PDMP workflow integration, as well as controlled substance history retrieval, interpretation, and decision support. Methods We conducted 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews with practicing emergency and pain physicians regarding their procedures, problems, and proposed solutions surrounding their use of CURES, California's PDMP. We investigated design problems in CURES by combining users' feedback with our usability inspection, drawing upon an extensive body of design literature. Then, we generated alternatives using design methods. Results We found CURES's design did not accommodate the unique information needs of different medical domains. Further, clinicians had trouble accessing CURES and retrieving patients' controlled substance histories, mainly due to usability problems that could be addressed with little technical adjustment. Additionally, CURES rendered patient histories in large, cluttered tables, devoid of overview or context, making interpretation difficult and precarious. Lastly, our interviewees had rarely noticed or used advanced features, such as decision support. Discussion and Conclusion Usability barriers inhibited adoption and effective use. We provide practical recommendations for improving opioid control by way of improving PDMP design, based on interviewees' suggestions and research-based design principles. Our findings have implications for other disciplines, including surgery and primary care.