cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of cytokines, CTLA-4 and costimulation in transplant tolerance and rejection.

Abstract T cell costimulation and cytokine production play an important role in generating the alloimmune responses that lead to allograft rejection. Recent data, however, provide evidence that costimulatory molecules, such as B7-1 and B7-2, and T cell activating cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-2, also trigger negative feedback mechanisms in T lymphocytes which limit alloimmune responses. These feedback mechanisms are essential for the induction of long-term allograft acceptance and, in certain situations, transplantation tolerance.
H–H and Si–H Bond Addition to Fe≡NNR2 Intermediates Derived from N2

The synthesis and characterization of Fe–diphosphineborane complexes are described in the context of N_2 functionalization chemistry. Iron aminoimides can be generated at room temperature under 1 atm N_2 and are shown to react with E–H bonds from PhSiH_3 and H_2. The resulting products derive from delivery of the E fragment to Nα and the H atom to B. The flexibility and lability of the Fe–BPh interactions in these complexes engender this reactivity.
Electrophysiology of glutamate and sodium co-transport in a glial cell of the salamander retina.

1. Muller cells were isolated from salamander retinas and their membrane voltage was controlled with a whole-cell voltage clamp. External D-aspartate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate each induced a membrane current. D-Glutamate, kainate, quisqualate and N-methyl-D-aspartate were more than 100x less effective than L-aspartate. Kynurenic acid had no effect on the current produced by L-glutamate, L-aspartate or D-aspartate. 2. The current induced by an acidic amino acid (AAA) was completely dependent on the presence of external Na+. Neither Li+, Cs+, choline nor TEA+ were able to substitute for Na+. The relationship between external Na+ concentration and current amplitude can be explained if the binding of three Na+ ions enabled transport. The apparent affinity constant for Na+ binding was 41 mM. Altering K+, H+ and Cl- concentrations demonstrated that these ions are not required for transport. 3. The shape of the current-voltage relation did not depend on the external amino acid concentration. The relationship between D-aspartate concentration and current amplitude can be described by the binding of D-aspartate to a single site with an apparent affinity constant of 20 microM. 4. Influx and efflux of AAA were not symmetric. Although influx was electrogenic, efflux did not produce a current. Moreover, influx stimulated efflux; but efflux inhibited influx. 5. Removing external Na+ demonstrated that Na+ carried a current in the absence of an AAA. Li+ was a very poor substitute for Na+. This current may be due to the uncoupled movement of Na+ through the transporter. The relationship between the external Na+ concentration and the amplitude of the uncoupled current can be explained if the binding of two or three Na+ ions enabled the translocation of Na+ in the absence of an AAA. The apparent affinity constant for Na+ binding was approximately 90 mM. 6. The temperature dependence of the AAA-induced current had a Q10 between 8 and 18 degrees C of 1.95. The Q10 is consistent with a rate constant for influx of 10(4) s-1 (at -70 mV and 20 degrees C). The maximum rate of influx was measured following a concentration jump produced by the photolysis of 'caged' L-glutamate. The onset of the observed current was limited by the 1.3 ms resolution of the recording system. Hence, the rate constant for influx must be faster than 10(3) s-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Putting Nonnegative Matrix Factorization to the Test: A tutorial derivation of pertinent Cramer?Rao bounds and performance benchmarking

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a useful tool in a broad range of applications, from signal separation to computer vision and machine learning. NMF is a hard (NP-hard) computational problem for which various approximate solutions have been developed over the years. Given the widespread interest in NMF and its applications, it is perhaps surprising that the pertinent Cram?r?Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the accuracy of the nonnegative latent factor estimates has not been worked out in the literature. In hindsight, one reason may be that the required computations are more subtle than usual: the problem involves constraints and ambiguities that must be dealt with, and the Fisher information matrix is always singular. We provide a concise tutorial derivation of the CRLB for both symmetric NMF and asymmetric NMF, using the latest CRLB tools, which should be of broad interest for analogous derivations in related factor analysis problems. We illustrate the behavior of these bounds with respect to model parameters and put some of the best NMF algorithms to the test against one another and the CRLB. The results help illuminate what can be expected from the current state of art in NMF algorithms, and they are reassuring in that the gap to optimality is small in relatively sparse and low rank scenarios.
End-of-life care in the pediatric ICU.

Purpose of reviewPediatric ICUs frequently provide end-of-life (EOL) care to children. Our understanding of how EOL care is delivered to children and what constitutes effective care for dying children and their families in the ICU setting continues to evolve. This review identifies recent work descr
Corticosteroid modulation of Na(+)-K+ pump-mediated relaxation in maturing airway smooth muscle.

Abstract 1. The ontogeny of the relaxant influence of the airway electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump and its potential modulation by corticosteroids were examined in airway smooth muscle (ASM) segments isolated from newborn and adult rabbits. 2. Control and methylprednisolone-treated (MP) ASM segments were half-maximally contracted with methacholine in K(+)-free buffer and the ASM relaxant responses to Na(+)-K+ pump activation were subsequently evaluated. Relative to adult ASM, control newborn ASM showed significantly enhanced maximal relaxation (Rmax) to KCl (62.5 +/- 5.2% vs. 47.8 +/- 5.2%), but no difference in sensitivity (pC2 = -log concentration producing 50% Rmax: 2.18 +/- 0.12 vs. 2.29 +/- 0.09-log M). 3. Exposure of ASM segments to 500 microM methylprednisolone for 1 h potentiated the airway Na(+)-K+ pump activity. A more pronounced effect was obtained in newborn ASM, where both the Rmax and pC2 values were significantly enhanced. In mature ASM, only the Rmax response to KCl was increased in the presence of MP. 4. Collectively, these data demonstrate that: (i) the functional activity of the airway electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump decreases with post-natal maturation in the rabbit: (ii) corticosteroid treatment potentiates Na(+)-K+ pump activity in rabbit ASM; and (iii) the latter effect of corticosteroids is enhanced in immature airways. 5. The above findings provide new evidence that the airway relaxant response to activation of the electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump varies ontogenetically and that corticosteroids potentiate the Na(+)-K+ pump activity in an age-dependent manner.
Influence of a magnetic field on the two-dimensional phase transition in thin-film superconductors.

This paper reports an experimental study of the influence of a magnetic field on the phase transition and low-temperature dynamical properties of two-dimensional superconducting films. Five samples of granular indium/indium oxide composite films were studied, with sheet resistances varying from 945 to 3150 ..cap omega../D'Alembertian, and thicknesses from 100 to 250 A. Measurements were made of the resistance R(T,H) and of the current-voltage characteristics in perpendicular magnetic fields of maximum value 30 G. The temperature range investigated ranged from 0.7T/sub c//sub 0/ to 1.5T/sub c//sub 0/, where T/sub c//sub 0/ is the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer mean-field transition temperature. In the temperature regime above T/sub c/, the Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex unbinding temperature, the resistance was found to obey universal magnetic field scaling. Below T/sub c/, the magnetoresistance displayed an activated temperature dependence characteristic of vortex pinning. The pinning activation energy U(H,T) increased with a Ginzburg-Landau temperature dependence below T/sub c/ and displayed an unusual magnetic field dependence, varying inversely with magnetic field below 1 G, but becoming independent of field in stronger fields. As T/sub c/ was approached from below, all signs of vortex pinning disappeared, with U(H,T/sub c/) = 0 and the magnetoresistance exhibiting linear Bardeen-Stephen behavior. These results are interpreted in themore » context of other work on two-dimensional superconductors.« less
In vitro fatty acid enrichment of macrophages alters inflammatory response and net cholesterol accumulation

Dietary long-chain PUFA, both n-3 and n-6, have unique benefits with respect to CVD risk. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA (EPA, DHA) and n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA)) relative to SFA (myristic acid (MA), palmitic acid (PA)) alter markers of inflammation and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages (MΦ). Cells treated with AA and EPA elicited significantly less inflammatory response than control cells or those treated with MA, PA and LA, with intermediate effects for DHA, as indicated by lower levels of mRNA and secretion of TNFα, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Differences in cholesterol accumulation after exposure to minimally modified LDL were modest. AA and EPA resulted in significantly lower MΦ scavenger receptor 1 mRNA levels relative to control or MA-, PA-, LA- and DHA-treated cells, and ATP-binding cassette A1 mRNA levels relative to control or MA-, PA- and LA-treated cells. These data suggest changes in the rate of bidirectional cellular cholesterol flux. In summary, individual long-chain PUFA have differential effects on inflammatory response and markers of cholesterol flux in MΦ which are not related to the n position of the first double bond, chain length or degree of saturation.
Erratum: Group-subgroup structural phase transitions: A comparison with existing tables

We have implemented group-theoretical methods on the computer for the description of possible structural phase transitions. All isotropy groups (corresponding to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ points of symmetry) for each of the 230 three-dimensional space groups as well as the Landau and Lifshitz conditions for each representation have been obtained. Here we compare our results with previous tables and list the errors and necessary corrections to those tables.
Feline myelonecrosis and myelofibrosis: 22 cases 1996–2006

A 10-year retrospective study of bone marrow reports was conducted to identify cats with myelonecrosis or myelofibrosis. Of 167 reports that were included in the study, seven (4.2%) had myelonecrosis alone, three (1.8%) had myelofibrosis alone, and 12 (7.2%) had myelonecrosis and myelofibrosis. These cases were divided into five disease categories including immune-mediated anemia (n = 6), myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disease (n = 5), infectious diseases (n = 4), chronic renal disease (n = 3), and other conditions (n = 4). Only two cats tested positive for feline leukemia virus infection. All but one cat had a nonregenerative anemia, and some cats were neutropenic or thrombocytopenic. In most cats, myelonecrosis was characterized by diffuse individual cell lysis. Myelofibrosis was characterized by the presence of fibroblasts or collagen or reticulin fibers. The results of this study indicate that myelonecrosis and myelofibrosis occur relatively frequently in cats, that they are associated with a variety of disease conditions, and that myelofibrosis may be a sequela of myelonecrosis.
Introduction: state structures, political processes, and collective choice in CMEA states

The similarity of state structures throughout Eastern Europe helps to explain why the reactions of states in that area to the international economic disturbances of the past decade resemble each other and why they differ from those of states outside the socialist bloc. Similar state structures, however, do not explain why the economic strategies of the East European states themselves in response to international economic shocks in the 1970s and 1980s diverged so noticeably. The role of state structure is to define “kto/kovo” (who can do what to whom) relationships in the state and economy. In this way state structures define problems that political leaders must solve, possibilities among which they may choose, and political resources and allies upon which they may draw in the course of their decision making. In contrast, strategy choices–“what is to be done”–are the outcomes of political processes in which leaders mobilize resources and allies to capture positions of power from which they can pursue the purposes they advocate. Thus differences in foreign economic strategies among member states in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance reflected differences in the dynamic interaction of the form and content of political processes that occurred within common state structures.
In vivo measurements of structure/electrode position changes during respiration for Electrical Impedance Tomography

For pulmonary applications of EIT systems, the electrodes are placed around the chest in a 2D ring, and the images are reconstructed based on the assumptions that the object is rigid and the measured resistivity change in EIT images is only caused by the actual resistivity change of tissue. Structural changes are rarely considered. Previous studies have shown that structural changes which result in tissue/organ and electrode position change tend to introduce artifacts to EIT images of the thorax. Since EIT reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem, any inaccurate assumptions of object may cause large artifacts in reconstructed images. Accurate information on structure/electrode position changes is necessary to understand factors contributing to the measured resistivity changes and to improve EIT reconstruction algorithm. In this study, in vivo structure/electrode position changes from a healthy male volunteer are investigated during respiration cycle at two levels, the nipple line level and the level approximately 5 cm below. For each level, sixteen fiduciary markers are equally spaced around the surface, the same as the electrode placement for EIT measurements. A MR scanner with respiration-gated ability is used to acquire images of the thorax. MR thoracic images are prospectively acquired corresponding temporally to specific time periods within respiration cycle (FRC, mid tidal volume, tidal volume). The chest expansions in anterior-posterior and lateral directions and inside tissue/organ position changes are then analyzed. The electrode position changes corresponding to different phases of respiration cycle are also measured.
Success and complications of four-duct ligation for sialorrhea.

Abstract Objective: Sialorrhea can have a significant negative effect on quality of life, impeding social interactions and severely limiting employment opportunities. Many surgical options to control sialorrhea have been reported. One of the newest procedures is combined ligation of the submandibular and parotid ducts, reported only once in the literature in one series of five patients to date. We have compared results in our first 21 patients undergoing this procedure with results reported in the literature for other procedures to treat sialorrhea. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all 21 children we treated with four-duct ligation, a relatively simple intraoral procedure to control sialorrhea, between August 1999 and September 2000 and contacted primary caregivers by telephone to answer a questionnaire regarding objective and subjective results of surgery. Surgery was considered successful when caregivers rated patients as ‘much better’ or ‘better’ after surgery. Results: Follow-up was completed in all 21 of the patients 1–14 months after surgery. The success rate of four-duct ligation (‘much better’ or ‘better’ after surgery) was 81%, and no patient's sialorrhea problem was worse after surgery. Major complications occurred in two (10%) of the patients (one ranula and one case of sialoadenitis), which were both successfully treated surgically. Minor complications occurred in four (19%) of the patients, tongue swelling that prolonged hospitalization, a ranula that resolved, and prolonged submandibular gland swelling that resolved (two cases). More than half of patients were discharged the day of or the day after surgery. Conclusions: Four-duct ligation should be considered when surgery is indicated to treat sialorrhea.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The underlying causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are unclear, although recent evidence has implicated the endoplasmic reticulum in both the development of steatosis and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, often termed ER stress, has been observed in liver and adipose tissue of humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or obesity. Importantly, the signaling pathway activated by disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, the unfolded protein response, has been linked to lipid and membrane biosynthesis, insulin action, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that disrupt endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the role of the unfolded protein response in the broader context of chronic, metabolic diseases have become topics of intense investigation. The present review examines the endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Detecting threat-related intentional actions of others: effects of image quality, response mode, and target cuing on vigilance.

Three experiments examined the vigilance performance of participants watching videos depicting intentional actions of an individual’s hand reaching for and grasping an object—involving transporting or using either a gun or a hairdryer—in order to detect infrequent threat-related actions. Participants indicated detection of target actions either manually or by withholding response. They also rated their subjective mental workload before and after each vigilance task. Irrespective of response mode, the detection rate of intentional threats declined over time on task and subjective workload increased, but only under visually degraded viewing conditions. This vigilance decrement was attenuated by temporal cues that were 75% valid in predicting a subsequent target action and eliminated with 100% valid cues. The findings indicate that detection of biological motion targets, and threat-related intentional actions in particular, although not attention sensitive under normal viewing conditions, is subject to vigilance decrement under degraded viewing conditions. The results are compatible with the view that the decrement in detecting threat-related intentional actions reflects increasing failure of attention allocation processes over time.
Reduced Complexity Algorithm for Spreading Sequence Design

This paper describes a novel gradient descent algorithm for the constrained optimization of spreading sequence design in the uplink of CDMA systems that use codeword adaptation. We prove that the proposed algorithm converges to the optimal sequence. In addition, the paper demonstrates the convergence of the parallel distributed optimization which is confirmed by simulations. Parallel optimization ensures faster convergence and thus reduces computational load. The performance of the parallel algorithm is improved as the number of active users increases.
Addition of Methyl Radicals to Isolated, Conjugated and Cumulated Dienes

The rate of addition of methyl radicals to isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes was investigated. The isolated dienes were found to behave like the corresponding mono-olefins. The conjugated dienes exhibit the expected high reactivity and the addition requires very low activation energy. The effect of methyl substituents on their reactivities was studied and the results explained quantitatively in terms of hyperconjugation and the steric 'blocking' effect. The effect of other substituents on their reactivities was also investigated. The reactivities of the cumulated dienes were found to be extremely low, lower than those of mono-olefins. The decrease in their reactivity seems to arise from a low A factor rather than from a high activation energy. It was shown that the addition to allene and its derivatives takes place on the central C atom and not on the terminal atoms.
Localized gravity/topography admittance and correlation spectra on Mars: Implications for regional and global evolution

From gravity and topography data collected by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft we calculate gravity/topography admittances and correlations in the spectral domain and compare them to those predicted from models of lithospheric flexure. On the basis of these comparisons we estimate the thickness of the Martian elastic lithosphere (T_e) required to support the observed topographic load since the time of loading. We convert T_e to estimates of heat flux and thermal gradient in the lithosphere through a consideration of the response of an elastic/plastic shell. In regions of high topography on Mars (e.g., the Tharsis rise and associated shield volcanoes), the mass-sheet (small-amplitude) approximation for the calculation of gravity from topography is inadequate. A correction that accounts for finite-amplitude topography tends to increase the amplitude of the predicted gravity signal at spacecraft altitudes. Proper implementation of this correction requires the use of radii from the center of mass (collectively known as the planetary “shape”) in lieu of “topography” referenced to a gravitational equipotential. Anomalously dense surface layers or buried excess masses are not required to explain the observed admittances for the Tharsis Montes or Olympus Mons volcanoes when this correction is applied. Derived T_e values generally decrease with increasing age of the lithospheric load, in a manner consistent with a rapid decline of mantle heat flux during the Noachian and more modest rates of decline during subsequent epochs.
Interbreeding of geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum

Abstract Interstrain crosses of the four geographic strains of S. japonicum—Chinese, Formosan, Japanese and Philippine—were made. The results showed that the fertility between the strains was not reduced and the infectivity of the filial generation was unimpaired. It was concluded that they should still be regarded as four geographic strains.
In vivo exposure to hyperoxia induces DNA damage in a population of alveolar type II epithelial cells

It is well established that hyperoxia injures and kills alveolar endothelial and type I epithelial cells of the lung. Although type II epithelial cells remain morphologically intact, it remains unc...
Pulse Performance Analysis for Small Hypergolic-Propellant Rocket Engines

Small rocket engine tests were conducted for the purpose of obtaining pulse performance data to aid in preliminary design and evaluation of attitude control systems. Both monopropellant and hypergolic bipropellant engines of thrust levels from 1 to 100 lbs were tested. The performance data for the hypergolic propellant rockets are compared with theoretical performance calculated from idealized chamber filling and evacuation characteristics. Electromechanical delays in valve response and heat transfer characteristics were found to cause substantial deviation between theoretical and test performance. The theoretical analysis is modified to obtain a semi-empirical model for hypergolic propellant rockets which is demonstrated to be reasonably accurate for two different engine configurations over a considerable range of duty cycles.
Al son de guaracha y reggaeton: paradigmas musicales de fiesta y tragedia en Puerto Rico

"Lei La guaracha del Macho Camacho por primera vez en 1976, el mismo ano en que fue publicada, cuando aun yo vivia en mi Ponce natal, la emblematica Ciudad Senorial ubicada en la costa sur y caribena de Puerto Rico. En aquel entonces, el tapon, lo que es embotellamiento, atolladero o atasco automovilistico, era un asunto exclusivo de la zona metropolitana, como se le llama a San Juan y los pueblos limitrofes de Santurce, Rio Piedras, Bayamon, Catano, Guaynabo..."
Examining Predictors of Work Volition Among Undergraduate Students

The present article examined predictors of work volition, or the perception of control in one’s future career decision making, with two samples of undergraduate students. Building from the Psychology of Working Framework, in Study 1, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted examining four classes of potential predictors: demographic characteristics, positive affect, sense of control, and career barriers. Social class, sense of control, and career barriers were significant predictors of work volition. In Study 2, a new sample of undergraduate students were surveyed at two time points to examine the temporal relation of work volition with social class, sense of control, and career barriers. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a cross-lagged model. Time 2 work volition was predicted by Time 1 social class and career barriers. Additionally, Time 1 work volition predicted Time 2 career barriers and general sense of control. Implications for practice are discussed.
A Multidimensional Continuous Contextual Lighting Control System Using Google Glass

An increasing number of internet-connected LED lighting fixtures and bulbs have recently become available. This development, in combination with emerging hardware and software solutions for activity recognition, establish an infrastructure for context-aware lighting. Automated lighting control could potentially provide a better user experience, increased comfort, higher productivity, and energy savings compared to static uniform illumination. The first question that comes to mind when thinking about context-aware lighting is how to determine the relevant activities and contexts. Do we need different lighting for reading a magazine and reading a book, or maybe just different lighting for reading versus talking on the phone? How do we identify the relevant situations, and what are the preferred lighting settings? In this paper we present three steps we took to answer these questions and demonstrate them via an adaptive five-channel solid-state lighting system with continuous contextual control. We implemented a multidimensional user interface for manual control as well as an autonomous solution using wearable sensors. We enable a simple set of sensors to manipulate complicated lighting scenarios by indirectly simplifying and reducing the complexity of the sensor-lighting control space using human-derived criteria. In a preliminary user study, we estimated significant energy savings of up to 52% and showed multiple future research directions, including behavioral feedback.
Mucin inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by significantly enhancing twitching motility.

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, type IV pili (TFP)-dependent twitching motility is required for development of surface-attached biofilm (SABF), yet excessive twitching motility is detrimental once SABF ...
Abstract 549: MAGI3-Akt3, a novel fusion protein in the PI 3-K pathway in cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Aberrant activation of the PI3-K/Akt pathway is found in approximately 70% of breast cancers. We recently identified a recurrent rearrangement that produces an in-frame fusion protein containing Akt3 and the scaffolding protein MAGI3 ([1][1]). MAGI3-Akt3 is the first fusion protein that has been identified in the PI 3-K pathway. We propose that MAGI3-Akt3 is a novel oncogene in breast cancer and that the oncogenic activity of the fusion protein results from disruption of the PI 3-K/Akt pathway. Within the fusion, Akt3 has a disrupted PH domain prior to glutamate 17 (E17). As a result the fusion protein is constitutively phosphorylated in the Akt3 kinase domain and expression of MAGI3-Akt3 in breast cancer cells enhances Akt substrate phosphorylation. Constitutive MAGI3-Akt3 kinase activity can be inhibited by ATP-competitive small molecule Akt inhibitors but is resistant to the allosteric Akt inhibitor MK2206 which is currently in phase II clinical trials. Our results indicate that ATP competitive Akt inhibitors should be evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of fusion-positive breast cancers. The fusion protein also contains a severely truncated portion of the scaffolding protein MAGI3. In particular, the fusion lacks the second PDZ domain of MAGI3 that has been reported to bind to PTEN and be required for the inhibitory effect of PTEN on PI 3-K pathway activity. We have demonstrated that disruption of MAGI3 in breast cancer cell lines does indeed promote PI 3-K pathway hyperactivity in a PTEN-dependent manner. In addition, the fusion lacks the fifth PDZ domain of MAGI3 and our studies indicate that this disrupts the interaction of MAGI3 with PHLPP2, a phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Akt at pS473. Our studies therefore demonstrate that the MAGI3-Akt3 translocation significantly perturbs PI 3-K pathway activity via activation of an oncogene (Akt3) and dysregulation of two tumor suppressors (PTEN and PHLPP2). We are currently continuing studies to elucidate the oncogenic mechanism(s) of MAGI3-Akt3 in breast cancer. Citation Format: Kristin Brown, Alex Toker. MAGI3-Akt3, a novel fusion protein in the PI 3-K pathway in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-549 [1]: #ref-1
Medical School Hotline: Last Lecture--Six Lessons To Live By: 2015 Convocation Ceremony of the John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, May 17, 2015.

Dean Hedges … members of the faculty … parents and family … members of the class of 2015 … Aloha! I am deeply honored to share this special occasion with you today. The John A. Burns School of Medicine is a longtime partner of NIH and NIDDK … so I know from first-hand experience that yours is one of the great medical and scientific institutions in the United States. I know you have been brilliantly prepared for whatever comes next in your lives. Each of you who is graduating today should feel a profound sense of accomplishment. Your families are extremely proud of you. You cannot imagine the sense of relief they are experiencing. As the artist Gary Bolding said, this would be a most opportune time to ask for money! I know your friends and families are quite anxious to post on Facebook or to Tweet photos of you with your degree. So without further ado, I'd like to share six lessons I've learned over the years … lessons I hope you find useful as you ponder the wondrous path that lies ahead.
Advancing Trauma and Emergency Education Through Virtual Presence

Telemedicine has played a pivotal role in centralization of trauma care at large trauma centers and trauma systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of telemedicine and virtual education in advancing trauma and emergency education through virtual presence The use of telemedicine has recently revolutionized trauma patient care and education with the introduction of telepresence. The development of telepresence allows experienced trauma surgeons to have a virtual presence in emergency rooms in some of the most remote locations on the planet, providing up-to-date clinical knowledge and training to surgeons working in a remote area that is otherwise not possible. Through this virtual presence, trauma surgeons are able to help direct trauma patient care, advise on diagnostic studies and procedures, and help make appropriate decisions regarding the transfer of trauma patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Oncology

The advent of MRI revolutionized neuroradiology. First, bony artifact that had been a problem in CT was eliminated, allowing clearer definition of posterior fossa lesions and of lesions centered at bony prominences. Second, MRI contrast depended upon different factors, for example, T1 and T2 relaxation times, than CT. This new basis for lesion contrast allowed further characterization of tumours. Third, multiplanar capability permited visualization of tumours in sagittal and coronal planes. For certain lesions, such as brain stem gliomas, this added capability was particularly advantageous.
Mechanism of Contact-Induced Heterogeneous Nucleation

Understanding and controlling nucleation is a long-standing issue in the field of crystallization and solid state chemistry. Herein, we use gold–thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as heterosurfaces in combination with contact force to induce nucleation. Our approach elucidates the mechanism of contact-induced heterogeneous nucleation and has clear technological implications in that it reduces induction time and controls polymorphism of pharmaceutical crystals. The combination of SAMs and contact force can immediately induce nucleation under conditions that do not otherwise promote fast crystallization. The chance of nucleation is enhanced by SAMs that interact strongly with solute molecules. These observations and analyses of obtained crystals led us to conclude that contact-induced heterogeneous nucleation follows a similar path as undisturbed heterogeneous nucleation in the early stage, but departs from it at the later stage due to the interruption by contact force. In contrast to undisturbed hetero...
Classification of gamma ray signals using neural networks

One of the difficult problems in the gamma ray signals (GRS or GRB) research area is the extraction, recognition, and classification of the information contained in the signal data. In this paper, a methodology using fuzzy logic and neural networks is presented for the recognition and classification of gamma ray signals. The proposed recognition-classification approach of GRS is divided into two basic steps. In the first step, a global classification scheme is used. The global scheme is based on the processing of the local minima and maxima of GRS, then a global recognition is obtained by using features from the shape of the GRS global envelope. In the second step, a local classification scheme is used. The local scheme is the extraction of the local features of GRS, and on the correlation of those features to achieve a more specific GRS classification. Real GRS signals are used to illustrate the results obtained by this method.
The Special Theory of Relativity: Einstein’s Response to the Physics and Philosophy of 1905

IMAGINE THAT YOU are on the editorial board of a prestigious physics journal and that you receive a paper that is unorthodox in style and format. Its title has little to do with most of its content; it has no citations to current literature; a significant portion of its first half seems to be philosophical banter on the nature of certain basic physical concepts taken for granted by everyone; the only experiment explicitly discussed could be explained adequately using current physical theory and is not considered to be of fundamental importance. Yet, with a minimum of mathematics, the little-known author deduces exactly a result that has heretofore required several drastic approximations. Furthermore, you are struck by certain of the author’s general principles, and you feel that they promise additional simplifications. So you decide to publish the paper. This could well have been the frame of mind of the most eminent theoretical physicist on the Curatorium of the Annalen der Physik, Max Planck, when he received from the editor’s office Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”—the relativity paper.1
Cross-sectional imaging to evaluate the extent of regional nodal disease in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy.

Abstract Purpose Cross-sectional imaging often is performed in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and may identify level III axillary and extra-axillary nodal disease. Our aim was to investigate associations of radiologic nodal staging with pathological N (pN) stage at operation and to explore how this might aid surgical and radiotherapy treatment planning. Materials and methods With IRB approval, we reviewed pre-treatment breast MRI, PET/CT, and CT imaging and clinicopathologic data on 348 breast cancer patients with imaging available for review undergoing NST followed by operation at our institution 1/2008-9/2013. We defined abnormal lymph node findings on MRI, CT, and PET/CT to include cortical thickening, FDG-avidity and loss of fatty hilum. Patients were assigned a radiologic nodal (rN) stage based on imaging findings. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP 10.1 software Results Pre-NST imaging included axillary ultrasound in 338 patients (97%), breast MRI in 305 (88%) and PET/CT or CT in 215 (62%). 213 patients (61%) were biopsy-proven axillary lymph node-positive (LN+) pre-treatment. cT stage was T1 in 9%, T2 in 49%, T3 in 29%, T4 in 12%; median tumor size was 4 cm. Pre-treatment rN stage across all the patients was rN0 in 86 (25%), rN1 in 173 (50%), and rN3 in 89 (26%). rN3 disease included level III axillary, supraclavicular and suspicious internal mammary lymph nodes in 47 (53%), 32 (37%) and 45 (52%), respectively. Of patients LN+ at diagnosis, 78 (37%) were rN3. After NST, 162 patients (47%) were node-positive at operation with a median (mean) of 3 (5.9 ± 0.4) positive lymph nodes including 128 of 213 (60%) LN+ at diagnosis. Pre-NST rN stage correlated with the likelihood and extent of axillary disease at operation, p = 0.002. Fifty four of 89 rN3 patients (61%) were node-positive at operation with a median (mean) of 5 (8 ± 1) positive nodes. rN3 patients had larger nodal metastases (median 9 vs 6 mm) and more frequent extranodal extension (61% vs 43%) than rN0/rN1 patients, both p Conclusions Information on rN stage from pre-NST cross-sectional imaging informs the likelihood and extent of axillary nodal disease at operation. This information may be used for surgical and radiotherapy treatment planning and to inform patient expectations.
Legal Reasoning Models

Research in legal reasoning models investigates formal and computational theories of how legal experts analyze problems, create arguments, and make decisions. Rule-based legal expert systems using logical inference techniques have been developed and used successfully in a number of legal domains, especially those dominated by complex regulations such as taxation and social benefits administration. However, it is the view of most researchers that the essence of legal reasoning is its open-textured and indeterminate nature. Two essential cognitive abilities for legal reasoning models include: case-based reasoning, the use of legal precedents to interpret open-textured or conflicting rules and concepts; and adversarial reasoning, the ability to create persuasive arguments for both sides of an issue. Models of legal case-based reasoning confront several problems: representation of cases; organization of and retrieval from a case database; similarity ranking of retrieved prior cases relative to a new case; and creation of case-based legal arguments. Models of legal argumentation fall into three broad categories: case-based, logic-based, and legal discourse models. Promising new directions for research in legal reasoning include formal legal ontologies and the use of legal models in electronic commerce.
Wave-front shaping for nonlinear light propagation in multimode fibers

We demonstrate a wave-front-shaping approach for controlling nonlinear phenomena in multimode fibers. Using a spatial light modulator at the fiber’s input and optimization algorithms, we control highly nonlinear propagation targeting selected wavelengths and interactions.
Trophic interactions across lake–stream boundaries in mountain lakes

AbstractFish can affect the mass flux of invertebrates across aquatic ecosystem boundaries, as shown by the effects of fish on export of zooplankton from lakes to outlet streams in 12 oligotrophic lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado (6 lakes and streams with fish; 6 without fish). Lakes without fish exported to streams 5 times as much zooplankton biomass as lakes with fish because of strong suppression of large zooplankton in lakes with fish. Of the zooplankton biomass exported to streams from both types of lakes, 95% was lost within 500 m of the lakes; the greatest rate of loss occurred within 10 m. Higher rates of loss for large zooplankton in streams below lakes without fish suggest that fish predation is not the primary cause for loss of zooplankton below lakes. In streams with and without fish, small zooplankton were lost at much lower rates downstream than large zooplankton. Daylight and nocturnal sampling showed much higher exports of zooplankton and, especially for large taxa, f...
Juan Antonio Frago, “Don Quijote”. Lengua y sociedad. Arco/Libros La Muralla, Madrid, 2015; 188 pp.

Juan Antonio Frago es un reconocido especialista en dialectologia e historia de la lengua que cuenta con una dilatada trayectoria profesional y numerosas publicaciones en el campo de la linguistica y la lengua espanola, entre las que se podrian destacar la Historia de las hablas andaluzas (Arco Libros, 1993), la Historia del espanol de America (Gredos, 1999), Textos y normas (Gredos, 2002) o El espanol de America en la Independencia (Taurus, 2010)...
The impact of cerclage in twin pregnancies on preterm birth rate before 32 weeks

Purpose: To evaluate whether cerclage in twins reduces the rate of spontaneous preterm birth <32 weeks when compared to expectant management.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of twin pr...
El testimonio como imposibilidad de sobrevivir a la consciencia de la muerte

?Es posible sobrevivir a la consciencia de la muerte? El presente ensayo aborda la imposibilidad de retornar a una forma de existencia ordinaria o inautentica tras la experiencia del horror en un campo de concentracion Nazi. Para ello, este estudio analiza el testimonio autobiografico de Jorge Semprun La escritura o la vida , texto que, al margen de relatar la supervivencia fisica del testigo, constituye tambien un intento por superar la consciencia de la certeza de la finitud propia como posibilidad significativa. A traves de la inversion del proceso de indagacion en la existencia ontologica del Dasein que propone Martin Heidegger en Ser y Tiempo , Semprun trata de articular su consciencia como ser-para-la-muerte en base a parametros onticos. Esta aproximacion responde a la intencion del superviviente espanol de sumergirse en la existencia inautentica como ser-en-el-mundo, desde la que pretende dar cuenta de su propia historicidad. Is it possible to survive one’s own consciousness of death? This essay analyzes the impossibility of returning to a form of ordinary existence after experiencing the horror of a Nazi concentration camp. In order to develop this idea, this study focuses on Jorge Semprun’s autobiographical testimony La escritura o la vida , a text that, apart from accounting for the witness’ physical survival, is also an attempt to overcome the survivor’s certainty of his own finitude as a meaningful possibility. By means of reverting Martin Heidegger’s philosophical theory, Semprun tries to articulate his ontological consciousness according to inauthentic paradigms. This approach responds to the Spanish survivor’s attempt to return to an ordinary form of existence from which he intends to account for his own historicity.
Spatial neglect, rather than asymmetrical physical impairment, impedes rehabilitation outcome

Introduction/Background Spatial neglect (SN) is 1) the failure to report stimuli in the contra-lesional space, or 2) the lack of initiation or ineffective movement toward or within the contra-lesional space. Because patients with SN often have hemiplegia or hemiparesis, some hypothesize that asymmetrical physical impairment, rather than SN, is the leading predictor of poor rehabilitation outcome. Material and method We developed the Movement and Mobility Scale (MMS) to assess upper and lower extremities in left versus right voluntary movement and mobility. Inter-rater reliability was examined by having two physical therapists (PT) independently assessed 13 patients. With a good inter-rater reliability, kappa = .75, seven PTs were trained to use the MMS. They then assessed patients admitted with a first stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) within 100 days post-injury to the inpatient rehabilitation facility. All patients also received the FIM (admission and discharge) and the Catherine Bergego Scale via the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (admission). Results Seventy-six patients were tested (61 with stroke; 15 with TBI). Median age was 69 years old (IQR = 55–79). 43 patients (56.6%) had SN. Patients with SN had lower FIM scores at discharge than those without SN (M = 71.2 vs. 89.2). Controlling for admission FIM and age, there was a significant main effect of SN, F (1,72) = 19.71, P F (1,69) = 17.71, P Conclusion As reported in previous studies, SN impedes rehabilitation outcome in individuals with acquired brain injury. Additionally, we confirmed that such finding cannot be attributed to asymmetrical physical abilities. SN must be addressed effectively in rehabilitation care in order to improve outcome.
Innovation by design

In this paper, links between creativity, design, and innovation are explored through the literature specific to the textile and apparel industries. We discuss the ways that the apparel industry embodies entrepreneurial innovation through creativity and design that makes it an exemplar of the idea of “Main Street” entrepreneurship, albeit one that relies in part on “Silicon Valley” innovation via its relationship with the textile industry. We conclude with a discussion of the need for more research on the topic and offer recommendations for future empirical investigations. Further research specific to the apparel industry would augment the thin foundation of existing literature and shed light on how innovation occurs through creativity and design within a key global industry and “Main Street” endeavor.
Initial experience with dual-energy computed tomography-guided bone biopsies of bone lesions that are occult on monoenergetic CT

Our purpose was to determine whether dual-energy CT (DECT), specifically the bone marrow setting of the virtual noncalcium (VNCa) algorithm, could be used to identify and accurately biopsy suspected bone malignancies that were visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear bone scintigraphy, or positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), but occult on monoenergetic computed tomography (CT) by virtue of being either isodense or nearly isodense to surrounding normal bone. We present 4 cases in which DECT was used to detect various malignant bone lesions and was successfully used to direct percutaneous DECT-guided bone biopsies. Two of the lesions were solid tumor metastases (breast and prostate carcinoma), whereas two others were hematological malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma). This technique enabled us to confidently and accurately direct the biopsy needle into the target lesion. The authors demonstrate that the DECT VNCa bone marrow algorithm may be helpful in identifying isodense bone lesions of various histologies and may be used to guide percutaneous bone biopsies. This technique may help to maximize diagnostic yield, minimize the number of passes into the region of concern, and prevent patients from undergoing repeat biopsy.