cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invited Lecture. Studies of liquid crystal monolayers and films by optical second harmonic generation

Abstract It is shown that optical second harmonic generation can be used to probe a number of important properties of liquid crystals: second order non-linearity of liquid crystal molecules, polar ordering and orientation of liquid crystal monolayers at various interfaces, and bulk alignment of molecules in supported and freely suspended films. Surface effects on bulk alignment can also be investigated.
Small, overlapping tectonic keratoplasty involving graft–host junction of penetrating keratoplasty

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the indications for and postoperative course of small tectonic keratoplasties overlapping (and involving) the graft–host junction of preexisting penetrating keratoplasties. METHODS: A retrospective study of 15 consecutive eyes (15 patients) with small tectonic keratoplasties overlapping the graft–host junction of preexisting penetrating keratoplasties. RESULTS: After tectonic keratoplasty, follow-up times ranged from 5 months to 20 years (mean, 69 months). Clinical indications included sterile corneal ulceration (seven cases), bacterial keratitis (six cases), and fungal keratitis (two cases). In the six cases with bacterial keratitis, five were suture abscesses, with four resulting in wound dehiscence. Ten tectonic grafts were lamellar keratoplasties, and five were penetrating keratoplasties. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuities were unchanged from preoperative levels in every patient. After tectonic grafting, the mean ± SD change in keratometric astigmatism in the parent penetrating keratoplasty was 1.75 ± 1.50 diopters. The astigmatism increased in 10 cases, decreased in three, and remained unchanged in two. There was no case of recurrent ulceration or wound dehiscence in or around the tectonic grafts. The surgery did not result in new glaucoma or worsening of preexisting glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of infectious or ulcerative foci at or near the graft–host junction of penetrating keratoplasties, a small extirpative, tectonic graft over the diseased junction appears to be a safe and effective alternative to either repeating the original penetrating keratoplasty or performing an oversize transplant.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HABITAT AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NESTS WITH BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD PARASITISM OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS

I studied the relationship of nesting habitat and the spatial distribution of Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nests with the frequency of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). For all nests combined, parasitism was over 18 times more frequent in the upland habitat. It is unlikely that the low frequency of parasitism in the marshes was due solely to an increase in the incidence of aggregate nesting. For aggregated nests, parasitism was over nine times more common in upland habitat than in marshes. Because Red-winged Blackbirds are known to react to and deter cowbirds when cowbirds are detected near nests, I assessed whether the ability of Red-winged Blackbirds to detect cowbirds may contribute to the low parasitism frequency observed in marshes. Red-winged Blackbirds nesting in marshes more often reacted aggressively to female cowbird mounts 1 m from a nest than those in upland habitat, indicating that cowbirds are more likely to be molested near nests in marshes. In upland habitat the frequency of parasitism of unaggregated nests was three times greater than that of aggregated nests. These results suggest that Red-winged Blackbirds can defend their nests against cowbirds and successfully prevent brood parasitism and that the effectiveness of nest defense varies with habitat and the spatial distribution of nests. This study provides the first direct evidence that hosts can sometimes prevent parasitism.
Geographic information system-based spatial analysis of sawmill wood procurement

In the sawmill sector of the forest products industry, the clustering of mills and wide variation in forest stocking and ownership result in sawlog markets that are complex and spatially differentiated. Despite the inherent spatial attributes of markets for stumpage and logs, few studies have used geospatial methods to examine wood procurement in detail across political boundaries. This article provides a visual representation of wood procurement pressure across the Northern Forest region of the northeastern United States based on a spatial analysis of woodshed maps provided by 273 sawmills in the United States and Canada. The analysis also includes the predicted woodsheds of 280 nonrespondent mills, which were modeled based on mill characteristics and location. In general, maps emphasize the magnitude of softwood procurement on industrial and investment-oriented forestlands in northern Maine, but also highlight distinct spatial procurement patterns in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Sensitivity analyses of woodshed boundary uncertainty suggest that procurement pressure in existing hotspots will intensify if procurement range is restricted by high transportation costs. The methods used to visualize resource procurement in this study have the potential to benefit a broad range of stakeholders including industry, policymakers, and landowners.
What Happened in Iowa

November 2, 2010 is the latest milestone in the evolution of state judicial elections from sleepy, sterile affairs into meaningful political contests. Following an aggressive ouster campaign, voters in Iowa removed three supreme court justices, including the chief justice, who had joined an opinion finding a constitutional right to same-sex marriage. Supporters of the campaign rallied around the mantra, "It's we the people, not we the courts." Voter turnout surged to unprecedented levels; the national media riveted attention on the event. No sitting Iowa justice had ever lost a retention election before. This essay -- a reply to Nicole Mansker & Neal Devins, Do Judicial Elections Facilitate Popular Constitutionalism; Can They?, 111 Colum. L. Rev. Sidebar 27 (2011) -- explains why the Iowa elections corroborate, yet also complicate, the thesis that judicial elections offer important outlets for popular constitutionalism. While the retention vote sparked and validated an exceptional episode of constitutional mobilization, the role played by out-of-state interests highlights a number of difficult questions regarding popular constitutionalism's relationship to federalism and popular sovereignty. The essay concludes with a note on the prospects for judicial election reform.
UDE-based control of variable-speed wind turbine systems

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the control of a PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous generator)-based variable-speed wind turbine system with a back-to-back converter is considered. The uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based control approach is applied to the regulation of the DC-link voltage and the control of the RSC (rotor-side converter) and the GSC (grid-side converter). For the rotor-side controller, the UDE-based vector control is developed for the RSC with PMSG control to facilitate the application of the MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm for the maximum wind energy capture. For the grid-side controller, the UDE-based vector control is developed to control the GSC with the power reference generated by a UDE-based DC-link voltage controller. Compared with the conventional vector control, the UDE-based vector control can achieve reliable current decoupling control with fast response. Moreover, the UDE-based DC-link voltage regulation can achieve stable DC-link voltage under model uncert...
A Novel Mouse Model of X-linked Epilepsy (P1.266)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of epilepsy in a novel mouse model of epilepsy due to a 1.1 Mb deletion on chromosome Xq22.1. BACKGROUND: X-linked inheritance is an increasingly recognized pattern of intellectual disability (ID) in humans, constituting ~10% of all cases; over 90 genes on the X chromosome are associated with ID. X-linked ID is often accompanied by epilepsy. There is a single case report of a family with ID/developmental delay, epilepsy, dysmorphic features, and an X-linked pattern of inheritance, found to harbor a 1.1 Mb deletion on chromosome Xq22.1. Evidence supporting a causative role of this deletion is lacking. DESIGN/METHODS: We generated a mouse with a deletion of a 1.1 Mb region on Xq22.1 syntenic to that in a reported affected human family with epilepsy and ID. Analysis included 6-channel intracranial EEG and video monitoring, histological analysis, and electrophysiology and voltage sensitive dye imaging in acute brain slices. RESULTS: Males harboring the deleted region of Xq22.1 exhibited respiratory failure, cleft palate, and neonatal lethality. Heterozygous females exhibited cleft palate and growth retardation, and many died in the perinatal period; females surviving to post-natal day 30 exhibited epilepsy, including handling and stress-induced seizures as well as spontaneous seizures. Video EEG confirmed that adult heterozygous females had, on average, 0.5 ± 0.2 seizures per 24 hours. Electrographic seizures appeared to initiate from the hippocampus. Histological analysis revealed normal anatomy and layering of the neocortex and hippocampus. Voltage sensitive dye imaging in brain slices prepared from heterozygous female mice revealed hyperexcitability in dentate gyrus in response to perforant path stimulation relative to wild-type. CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of a 1.1 Mb region of Xq22.1 reproduces the salient features seen in a human family with this deletion. Epilepsy in these mice may be due to dysfunctional trafficking of G-protein coupled receptors leading to hyperexcitability in cortical networks. Study Supported by: NINDS K12 NS049453 to E.M.G. and NIH R01GM089893 and R01GM076327 to P.J.W. Disclosure: Dr. Goldberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coulter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose.
The Cross-Functional Coordination betweenOperations, Marketing, Purchasing and Engineeringand the Impact on Performance

This paper is a study of the coordination capability between operations and other functional areas within the firm. The paper examines a number of relationships with respect to cross-functional coordination and performance. Using a random sample of 231 firms, five hypotheses are tested. Structural equation modelling is used to test the relationships depicted in the research model. The results indicate that firms can benefit from the cross-functional coordination between operations, marketing, engineering and purchasing.
Bruce Grindal as Ijapa, the Yoruba Secular Trickster

Summary The Yoruba have two key Trickster figures. One is sacred the other secular. Each represent aspects of Yoruba life. The sacred Trickster is Eshu, a defender of proper behavior and values, while Ijapa, the tortoise, is an innovator. He is a kind of Lord of Misrule. Eshu tales are told in formal settings. However, Ijapa tales are generally told around a camp fire or within the home. The storyteller may be a family member or a friend of the family, and the settings are informal. Often the lessons challenge the accepted norms and value wit and improvisation. A repeated theme is that nothing is as it seems to be and that everything at all times is changing. In numerous ways the lessons and the behavior of Ijaba parallel the beliefs and behavior of Bruce Grindal. Bruce consistently taught that everything must be challenged. He believed that rules were artificial and hindered creativity. He played pranks in public, upsetting the status quo, in order to get people thinking. Working with Bruce was sometimes a trial but was always fruitful. Bruce was a firm believer in the power of the oppressed and of finding ways and means to empower the oppressed. In this work I look into some of the truths that Bruce shares with the Trickster Ijapa. With Bruce I also explore the ways in which the weak can teach the powerful about the meaning of life and the value of questioning rules.
Visual Revelations: Defeating Deception: Escaping the Shackles of Truthiness by Learning to Think like a Data Scientist

This essay is an extract from Truth or Truthiness: Distinguishing Fact from Fiction by Learning to Think like a Data Scientist. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.“The modern method is to c...
Design of Fault Diagnosis System Based on LabVIEW

Virtual Instrument is applied to develop a system of data acquisition and condition monitoring of the rotor vibration signal.Condition monitoring can be realized by acquiring the real-time vibration signal across NI PCI-6024 Card.Fault diagnosis of the rotor vibration can be obtained by using the classic and modern digital signal analyzing method to draw the spectrum diagram.
Rubidium entry into brain and cerebrospinal fluid during acute and chronic alterations in plasma potassium

To elucidate whether K+ uptake across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is subject to acute or chronic regulation, rats were rendered acutely or chronically hyper- or hypokalemic (range: 2.8-7.2 mM). Measurements were made of the permeability-surface (PS) products of 86Rb+, a marker for K+, and alpha-[3H]aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a passive permeability marker, and of CSF K+ concentration ([K+]CSF). [K+]CSF decreased by 8% in chronic hypokalemia P < 0.01), but otherwise remained unchanged. The AIB PS products were unaltered in any group, excluding a change in passive permeability. The Rb PS product, however, increased by 31% for brain tissue (P < 0.01) and by 46% for CSF (P < 0.05) during acute hypokalemia, but was unchanged during acute hyperkalemia. During chronic hypokalemia the Rb PS product increased by 40% for brain (P < 0.01) and 55% for CSF (P < 0.01) and decreased during chronic hyperkalemia by 37% for brain (P < 0.01) and 49% (P < 0.01) for CSF. Unidirectional K+ fluxes were calculated, revealing greater regulation of K+ influx into both brain tissue and CSF during chronic compared with acute changes of plasma K+ concentration ([K+]pl). Our results suggest that K+ transport is saturable at both the BBB and the blood-CSF barriers under normal conditions and that both barriers adapt to chronic changes in [K+]pl by modifying specific, transcellular routes of K+ entry.
Diseases of Small and Medium-sized Blood Vessels

Abstract Nonatherosclerotic diseases of small and medium-sized blood vessels include a wide variety of conditions, including the inflammatory vasculitides such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, and giant cell arteritis. There are also genetic conditions that affect small and medium-sized blood vessels such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum and neurofibromatosis. Endocrine disorders such as diabetes and some infectious agents such as Rickettsia also cause vascular disease. Alterations in coagulation and blood pressure cause well-known pathologic changes in the vasculature. Some disorders cause deposition of material in the vessels such as amyloidosis and oxalosis, while other disorders, such as Moyamoya disease, are intimal proliferative disorders, causing occlusive intimal hyperplasia. Blood vessels are also damaged by external phenomenon including radiation therapy and trauma. Understanding the similarities and differences in the morphologies of these diverse vascular disorders is important for both proper diagnosis and to further our understanding of the basic mechanisms of these diseases.
Chemical Properties of the Fe-Mo Cofactor from Nitrogenase

The existence of a molybdenum cofactor common to molybdenumcontaining enzymes was first postulated by Pateman et al.1 who discovered a common genetic determinant for nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans. The cofactor con cept was further developed by Nason and co-workers who studied a mutant of Neurospora crassa (nit-1), which was blocked in the terminal portion of its nitrate reductase electron transport chain (where molybdenum is located), and which also lacked xanthine dehydrogenase activity.2,3 A key discovery in the field was that crude extracts prepared from the nit-1 mutant could be restored to activity by treatment with an acid hydrolysis product obtainable from any molybdenum-containing enzyme,4,5 including the molybdenumiron protein of nitrogenase.6 Additional studies showed that although molybdate could enhance the activity produced by the nit-1 extract plus the acid-treated products of the molybdoenzymes, neither molybdate nor any of the simple molybdenum complexes tested could activate the nit-1 extracts alone. Furthermore, when 99Mo04 2− was used, it became incorporated into the newly activated nitrate reductase, but only in the presence of the acid-treated products of the molybdoenzymes. These data led to the hypothesis of a labile molybdenum complex being one of the products of all acid-treated molybdoenzymes.7
Online Appendix for 'How Information Asymmetry Affects Contract Design: Evidence from Seller-Financed Acquisitions'

Online Appendix for paper: "How information asymmetry affects contract design: evidence from seller financed transactions" Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2649382.
Seed Provision and Agricultural Development: The Institutions of Rural Change

Robert Tripp. Seed Provision and Agricultural Development: The Institutions of Rural Change. London: Overseas Development Institute/Oxford: James Currey/Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 2001. viii + 174 pp. Tables. Notes. References. Index. $64.00. Cloth. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the nature of seed provision, a topic the author, Robert Tripp, situates at the forefront of contemporary debates on rural development in the global south. Tripp astutely links this topic to larger theoretical discussions by using "seed provision as a lens through which to examine the broader subject of agricultural development" (2). More specifically, "the book examines how the institutions of seed provision developed in industrial economies and assesses the performance of contemporary seed institutions in the South" (10). A major thesis of the volume is that efficient information exchange is required for development of the seed sector and that institutions (rules and organizations) are important for facilitating such exchange. While the author frequently uses examples from the African continent (particularly Anglophone Africa), he explores seed provision and agricultural development in a variety of contexts (Africa, Latin America, Asia). Although the study engages theory, it is written in straightforward prose, employing academic jargon only where it is helpful and when it has been explained. The book is organized into eight chapters. The first offers an introduction and a discussion of agricultural development. In the second chapter, the author argues for a focus on institutions and incentives as a way to approach the study of agricultural development. Tripp suggests a pragmatic combination of new institutional economics and new economic sociology in order to do this. In chapter 3 he reviews the factors that motivate a farmer's selection of seeds and crop varieties, and the biological aspects of plant breeding and seed production. Chapter 4 describes the organization of farm-level seed provision, including farmers' seed management and selection of crop varieties, seed flows among farmers, and the problem of imperfect information. The evolution of the commercial seed sector is described in chapter 5. As farm level and commercial seed systems expand, the government often becomes involved in tasks that are difficult to organize independently. This public-sector involvement in seed systems is assessed in chapter 6. Donor and government interventions, particularly seed development projects, are discussed in chapter 7. Finally, chapter 8 summarizes the book's findings and makes suggestions for seed system development. …
Ligand-Dependent Structural States of a K+Channel Analyzed by Cryo-EM

The stable structural conformations that occur along the complete reaction coordinate for ion channel opening have never been observed. I will describe the equilibrium ensemble of structures of Slo2.2, a neuronal Na+-activated K+ channel, as a function of the Na+ concentration. Slo2.2 exists in multiple closed conformations whose relative occupancies are independent of Na+ concentration. An open conformation, which correlates to functional activation, emerges from the closed ensemble in a highly Na+-dependent manner without evidence of Na+-dependent intermediates. Thus, channel opening is very concerted - almost switch-like - analogous to a phase transition.
THE HIGH FLUX ISOTOPE REACTOR

The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), now being constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was designed for almost the single purpose of transmuting elements at the highest possible rate consist...
Efficacy of an Adenoviral Vectored Multivalent Centralized Influenza Vaccine

Mice were immunized with Adenovirus expressing the H1-con, H2-con, H3-con and H5-con HA consensus genes in combination (multivalent) and compared to mice immunized with the traditional 2010–2011 FluZone and FluMist seasonal vaccines. Immunized mice were challenged with 10–100 MLD50 of H1N1, H3N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses. The traditional vaccines induced robust levels of HA inhibition (HI) titers, but failed to protect against five different heterologous lethal influenza challenges. Conversely, the multivalent consensus vaccine (1 × 1010 virus particles (vp)/mouse) induced protective HI titers of ≥40 against 8 of 10 influenza viruses that represent a wide degree of divergence within the HA subtypes and protected 100% of mice from 8 of 9 lethal heterologous influenza virus challenges. The vaccine protection was dose dependent, in general, and a dose as low as 5 × 107 vp/mouse still provided 100% survival against 7 of 9 lethal heterologous influenza challenges. These data indicate that very low doses of Adenovirus-vectored consensus vaccines induce superior levels of immunity against a wide divergence of influenza subtypes as compared to traditional vaccines. These doses are scalable and translatable to humans and may provide the foundation for complete and long-lasting anti-influenza immunity.
Genomic Circuitry Underlying Immunological Response to Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infection

Acute respiratory tract viral infections (ARTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. CD8 T cells are fundamental to host responses, but transcriptional alterations underlying anti-viral mechanisms and links to clinical characteristics remain unclear. CD8 T cell transcriptional circuitry in acutely ill pediatric patients with influenza-like illness was distinct for different viral pathogens. Although changes included expected upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), transcriptional downregulation was prominent upon exposure to innate immune signals in early IFV infection. Network analysis linked changes to severity of infection, asthma, sex, and age. An influenza pediatric signature (IPS) distinguished acute influenza from other ARTIs and outperformed other influenza prediction gene lists. The IPS allowed a deeper investigation of the connection between transcriptional alterations and clinical characteristics of acute illness, including age-based differences in circuits connecting the STAT1/2 pathway to ISGs. A CD8 T cell-focused systems immunology approach in pediatrics identified age-based alterations in ARTI host response pathways.
Numerical modeling of non-breaking, impulsive breaking, and broken wave interaction with elevated coastal structures: Laboratory validation and inter-model comparisons

Abstract Quantitative CFD model validation and inter-model comparisons between IHFOAM and ANSYS-FLUENT were performed for pressures and forces on an elevated structure using a 1:10 physical model. Non-breaking, impulsive breaking, and broken wave conditions at the structure's location were simulated in IHFOAM and FLUENT. The calculated time series of water surface elevation and horizontal and vertical pressures and forces were compared with the measured data. We introduced the impulse of residual to quantify the variation of the force and pressure time series. Results indicated that the numerical models performed differently depending on the wave conditions, even for the same initial set up. Non-breaking wave simulations showed the best agreement with experimental data for both models, while broken wave trials showed the largest deviations. Bottom pressures and vertical forces were less sensitive to wave breaking conditions. Results indicate that future benchmarking tests for an elevated structure must consider both horizontal and vertical forces due to various wave breaking conditions. The accuracy of simulated wave shoaling and breaking processes played a key role in precisely calculating the forces and pressures on the structure, and it was difficult for the CFD models to simulate the exact wave breaking conditions as the measurements.
Investigation of magnetic field immunity and near magnetic field reduction for the inductors in high power density design

This paper investigates the magnetic field immunity and near magnetic field reduction for different inductor winding structures. A novel double-twisted winding structure, which includes two magnetic cores, is proposed for CM inductors. The proposed CM inductor can achieve much lower near magnetic field emission, much better magnetic field immunity against the external magnetic field and much bigger DM impedance than conventional winding structures. Theoretical analysis, magnetic 3D simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique.
But This Is How We Have Always Done It: Overcoming Resistance to Change in the Quest to Support Distance Learners.

AbstractThe Standards for Distance Learning Library Services created by the Association of College and Research Libraries asks the distance learning librarian to be an advocate for an institutional...
Impaired proteostasis in senescent vascular endothelial cells: a perspective on estrogen and oxidative stress in the aging vasculature.

Senescent human endothelial cells have a diminished heat shock response and increased protein aggregates. Senescent human endothelial cells have increased basal oxidative stress, which increases pr...
Catalyst discovery through megalibraries of nanomaterials.

The nanomaterial landscape is so vast that a high-throughput combinatorial approach is required to understand structure–function relationships. To address this challenge, an approach for the synthesis and screening of megalibraries of unique nanoscale features (>10,000,000) with tailorable location, size, and composition has been developed. Polymer pen lithography, a parallel lithographic technique, is combined with an ink spray-coating method to create pen arrays, where each pen has a different but deliberately chosen quantity and composition of ink. With this technique, gradients of Au-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized and then screened for activity by in situ Raman spectroscopy with respect to single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth. Au3Cu, a composition not previously known to catalyze SWNT growth, has been identified as the most active composition.
Carotid body tumor with hidden internal carotid artery aneurysm.

Background The most common head and neck paraganglioma is the carotid body paraganglioma. Treatment of carotid body tumors is primarily surgical, and uncontrolled growth leads to cranial nerve deficits and more morbid resection. Methods A 60-year-old man was referred for evaluation of carotid body tumor, and workup revealed an internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm within the known mass. Results Interventional Radiology performed angiogram and stenting across aneurysm with interval dramatic reduction in size of mass, and surgery was avoided altogether. Conclusions Surgical resection is indicated for carotid body paragangliomas when the patient can tolerate the surgery and when the tumor was not very advanced. This patient had a small tumor that initially appeared easily resectable. Failure to detect the ICA aneurysm before resection may have resulted in devastating vascular injury and possible stroke or death. Identification of underlying vascular pathology is essential for safe treatment and should be prioritized, especially considering this case.
God’s penology: Belief in a masculine God predicts support for harsh criminal punishment and militarism:

Prior research demonstrates that multiple dimensions of religiosity significantly predict punitive attitudes and militarism. This study highlights the importance of believing in a masculine God, an...
Measurement of ε’ at the AGS

Since the discovery twenty years ago that CP is violated in the K0 system, all experimental observations have been consistent with the superweak interpretation that the CP violating decays occur through the K1 impurity in the KL 0 wavefunction. The standard SU(2) × U(l) model, however, had no mechanism to break CP. Now with the discovery of the third quark generation, CP can be violated through an imaginary phase in the quark mixing matrix. Gilman and Hagelin1 have evaluated CP violation in this model and find that there must be a direct CP violation from K2 decay. They predict e’/e must be greater than .015, assuming an average B lifetime of 10-12 sec, the top mass of 50 GeV, and B = 0.33. I will now discuss AGS experiment 749, a precision measurement of e’/e.
Developmental variations in the impact of intimate partner violence exposure during childhood.

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem impacting individuals around the globe. The consequences of IPV extend beyond the adults in the relationship, as children witness a significant proportion of such violence. Exposure to IPV during childhood has devastating effects across multiple domains of functioning. METHODS: This article reviews empirical studies of the effects of exposure to IPV by developmental stage. RESULTS: The psychological, social, physical, and cognitive consequences of witnessing IPV are examined across development; from the impact of prenatal exposure to effects in infancy and toddlerhood, the preschool years, school-aged children, and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: The review concludes by providing suggestions for future research based on the identified developmental variations, recommendations for developmentally-sensitive interventions for children who have witnessed IPV, and directions for policy to address the issue of violence exposure early in the lives of children. Language: en
The Making of the Experimental Subject: Apparatus, Automatism, and the Anxiety of the Early Avant-Garde:

This essay presents the experimental subject as a figure of modernity. It addresses notions of control, sensory thresholds, automatism, and human agency through a study of experimental psychology a...
Immunogenomic features of pathologic response to neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in esophageal cancer.

4042Background: Improving immunotherapy efficacy remains an unmet need in esophagogastric cancer and a deeper understanding of tumor and immune system dynamics during therapy may tailor immuno-onco...
Using Telehealth to Deliver Primary Care to Adolescents During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Survey Study of US Primary Care Professionals.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented use of telehealth, including by primary care professionals (PCPs) who serve adolescents. Objective: To inform future practice and policies, we sought to characterize PCPs’ recent experience using adolescent telehealth as well as their support for it after the COVID-19 pandemic is over. Methods: From February to March 2021, we conducted a web-based survey of 1047 PCPs in the United States. Our national sample included physicians (747/1047, 71%), advanced practice providers (177/1047, 17%), and nurses (123/1047, 12%) who provided primary care to adolescents aged 11-17 years. Results: Most PCPs reported using telehealth for a low, moderate, or high proportion of their adolescent patients in the three months prior to the survey (424/1047, 40%, 286/1047, 27%, and 219/1047, 21%, respectively); only 11% (118/1047) reported no use. A majority of respondents agreed that adolescent telehealth increases access to care (720/1047, 69%) and enables them to provide high-quality care (560/1047, 53%). Few believed that adolescent telehealth takes too much time (142/1047, 14%) or encourages health care overuse (157/1047, 15%). Most supported giving families the option of adolescent telehealth for primary care after the pandemic is over (683/1047, 65%) and believed that health insurance plans should continue to reimburse for telehealth visits (863/1047, 82%). Approximately two-thirds (702/1047, 67%) wanted to offer adolescent telehealth visits after the pandemic, with intentions being higher among those with recent telehealth experience (P<.001). Conclusions: PCPs in our national sample reported widespread use of and predominantly positive attitudes toward adolescent telehealth. Our findings also suggest broad support among PCPs for continuing to offer adolescent telehealth after the COVID-19 pandemic ends.
Outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A single-center experience.

Background The global COVID-19 pandemic was particularly concerning for the pediatric PH population due to immature immune systems and developmental comorbidities. This study aims to describe a single-center experience of pediatric PH patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease. Methods Retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients followed by the PH Center at Texas Children's Hospital diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from 04/2020 through 02/2021. Results We identified 23 patients with a median age of 58 months (IQR 25-75th, 21-132 months), 48% being Hispanics. Eight patients (35%) required hospitalization; median length of stay 6 days (IQR 25-75th , 5-8 days). Only three of these 8 patients required increased respiratory support. Targeted PH therapy was escalated in four patients (two in dual and two in triple therapy). There was one mortality in a patient with failing Fontan physiology. Ninety-one percent of patients have had post-COVID outpatient follow-up, median of 101 days (IQR 25-75th , 50-159 days) from diagnosis. Of the five patients with 6 minute walk test (6MWT) data, three (60%) children walked less distance, median -12 meters (IQR 25-75th , -12 - +49 meters) compared to pre-COVID testing. Post-infection pulmonary function testing (PFT) was notable for decrease in predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (median -6%, range -11%-+6%) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (median -14%, range -12- -18%) in 75% of the patients with PFT data. Conclusions In our institution, COVID-19 was found more frequently in Hispanics, and associated with low mortality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Re-Designing Law and Lawyering for the Information Age

This Article analyses the intersection of three aspects of law, lawyering, and Information Age technology and culture, describing how they disrupt and inhibit one another even as they supply possible opportunities for each to grow and innovate. The Article urges that Information Age challenges to traditional legal institutions and thinking become the foundation for reforms to legal systems and individual lawyering. In embracing changes made possible by emerging technology, the Rule of Law may be strengthened globally and the Preventive/Proactive style of lawyering can be re-invigorated.The Article begins by describing the Preventive/Proactive lawyering (“PPL”) style, and offers an example within commercial contracting. The Article analyzes how the adoption of this PPL style has been limited by traditional legal institutions and thinking, described using the metaphor of a container. The effectiveness and cultural acceptability of this containerized legal system is being challenged, however, by Information Age methods and attitudes concerning information and its delivery; the nature of individuals and their social groupings; and the legitimacy and purposes of social control. Emerging Information Age culture, however, is largely compatible with the assumptions underlying PPL. As Information Age technology unfolds, preventive/proactive thinking and methods may not only become more popular in everyday lawyering practice, but also may serve as a model for how traditional legal systems may be helpfully reformed. The Article concludes with a set of design principles by which those reforms may be guided.
Intertwined ambiguities: Meat, in vitro meat, and the ideological construction of the marketplace

Political stakeholders play a critical role in the cultural construction of the marketplace, and consumers often look to them for guidance in framing ambiguous cultural and scientific issues. Unfortunately, however, the existing consumer culture literature usually focuses on consumers’ use of ideology while neglecting stakeholders’ ideological orientations. In order to address this gap, I ask two questions: First, how do stakeholders draw upon ideology in order to make sense of ambiguous goods and of the extant and potential reactions of consumers to these goods? Second, what are the potential political consequences of stakeholders’ ideological commitments vis-a-vis supporters and outside audiences? I explore these questions by interviewing agrifood system stakeholders on the subject of in vitro meat, a nascent technology whereby meat is produced through stem cell cultures. Although ideology serves as a useful tool with which stakeholders can navigate labyrinth-like cultural conundrums, stakeholders’ ideological positions can also result in ambiguities, ironies, and incongruities. By investigating the beginnings of a potential consumer controversy, this study illuminates how ideology operates as an epistemic resource for political claims-makers and how stakeholders’ ideological commitments can result in either rewards or repercussions from allies and consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. “The Cretan myth of the labyrinth is a myth of paradox, ambiguity, and doubleness… It leaves us with the knowledge that perhaps there is no escape from the labyrinth, and the Minotaur that it contains, from life’s ambiguities, multiplicities, and sudden twistings, even with a guide or pair of wings” (Savitz, 1991:480).
Increasing multicultural understanding : a comprehensive model

Series Editor's Introduction - Paul Pedersen Introduction A Blueprint for Multicultural Understanding A Model of Multicultural Understanding African Americans Old Order Amish Native American Indians Chinese Americans Japanese Americans Korean Americans Vietnamese in the United States Mexican Americans Puerto Rican Americans Jewishness in America Muslims in the United States
Validating instruments in MIS research

Calls for new directions in MIS research bring with them a call for renewed methodological rigor. This article offers an operating paradigm for renewal along dimensions previously unstressed. The basic contention is that confirmatory empirical findings will be strengthened when instrument validation precedes both internal and statistical conclusion validity and that, in many situations, MIS researchers need to validate their research instruments. This contention is supported by a survey of instrumentation as reported in sample IS journals over the last several years. A demonstration exercise of instrument validation follows as an illustration of some of the basic principles of validation. The validated instrument was designed to gather data on the impact of computer security administration on the incidence of computer abuse in the U.S.A.
New Results for Rare Muon Decays

Branching-ratio limits obtained with the Crystal Box detector are presented for the rare muon decays μ → eee, μ → eγ, and μ → eγγ. These decays, which violate the conservation of separate lepton-family numbers, are expected to occur in many extensions to the standard model. We found no candidates for the decay μ → eee, yielding an upper limit for the branching ratio of Bμ3e < 3.1 × 10-11 (90% C.L.). A maximum-likelihood analysis of the μ → eγ candidates yields an upper limit of Bμeγ < 4.9 × 10-11 and an analogous analysis of μ → eγγ candidates gives an upper limit of Bμeγγ < 7.2 × 10-11. These results strengthen the constraints on models that allow transitions between lepton families.
Megamitochondria in Cardiomyocytes of a Knockout (Klf15−/−) Mouse

The Kruppel-like factors (KLF) family of zinc-finger transcriptional regulators control many aspects of cardiomyocyte structure and function. Deletion of Klf15 from the nuclear genome in mice affects cardiac mitochondria. Some become grossly enlarged, extending many sarcomeres in length. These display many sites of incipient pinching, but there is little attenuation of the megamitochondria at these sites; there are no examples of organelles that clearly have reached the point where further membrane encroachment will cause separation into smaller daughter mitochondria. It is clear that deletion of Klf15 interferes with nuclear control of mitochondrial fission, whereas fusion appears to be unaffected.
The rhodium-promoted guerbet reaction: Part II. Secondary alcohols and methanol as substrates

Abstract The scope of the low temperature rhodium-promoted Guerbet alcohol condensation reaction has been extended to include methyl secondary alcohol substrates. The condensation proceeds via ketonic intermediates with the new C-C bond forming in an aldol condensation step. Unsymmetrical alcohol substrates gave product distributions which mirrored those expected from methyl ketone self-condensations. The investigation also revealed that methanol could serve both as a solvent for the Guerbet reaction and as a substrate. A cross-condensation between methanol and a primary alcohol gave a β-methyl carbinol.
Numerical object rings path planning algorithm

A numerical object rings path planning algorithm (NORPPA) is a heuristic search approach to path finding for autonomous robotic systems. It uses a heuristic search technique. It uses intelligent schemes to reduce the search space (to prune the logic tree). There is no guarantee that a unique solution will be reached, only that a correct one will be found with an execution time that does not exponentially increase with path complexity. The NORRPA includes means-end-analysis and hill climbing techniques. It consists of a number of specific task oriented algorithms coordinated by an execution sequencer (ES) which interfaces with other functions of the robotic system. There are 3 stages: the primary path (a first draft), the refined path, and the travelable path (a portion of the refined path that falls into the local sensing region of the robot). The average path finding execution time is about 11.5 seconds using a 486 personal computer at 33 MHZ clock speed.
Leverhulme Lecture: The Future of Securitization

The securitization of subprime mortgage loans is widely viewed as a root cause of the financial crisis. This lecture balances the costs and benefits of securitization, focusing on what went wrong and on what needs to be fixed to curtail securitization's abuses and make it viable again as an important financing tool. Finally, the lecture examines alternatives to securitization, focusing on covered bonds and comparing and contrasting covered bonds and securitization.
Design study of gyrotron TWA: Initial consideration on low magnetic field

The gyrotron travelling wave amplifier has been recently demonstrated to obtain high peak power. Its efficiency and bandwidth are also favorably predicted. We will consider high cyclotron harmonic modes to achieve lower magnetic field. For this purpose the linear dispersion equation for the non-vanishing rf angular mode is analysed to find the growth rate (gain). Efficiency and other circuit parameters will also be discussed.
Navigation of HTML tables, frames, and XML fragments

In this paper, we provide a progress report on the development of technology to support the non-visual navigation of complex HTML and XML structures.
Hold the Heat: Global Heat Retention, Global Warming and Calorimetry.

In this Activity, students perform quantitative calorimetric measurements on samples of ice/water heated by incandescent light bulbs and with convection with room-temperature surroundings.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Subgroups of Atypical Squamous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix

Atypical squamous lesion (ASL), a histologic diagnosis of unclear significance in the uterine cervix, can be divided into neoplastic and nonneoplastic groups. We aimed to determine the morphologic characteristics of these 2 groups. Histologic and immunohistochemical features were evaluated on the original biopsy specimen from 37 ASL cases, and the results were compared between neoplastic (19 cases) and nonneoplastic (18 cases) groups, which were determined based on the follow-up histopathologic findings. Mitosis, vertical nuclear growth pattern, no perinuclear halo, indistinct cytoplasmic border, primitive cells in the upper third of the squamous layer, p16+ cells in the upper two thirds of the squamous layer, and Ki-67+ cells in the upper two thirds of the squamous layer were significant indicators for neoplastic ASLs. Of the 19 neoplastic ASLs, 16 (84%) had 5 or more of these 7 indicators. The majority (16/18 [89%]) of the nonneoplastic ASLs had 2 or fewer indicators. Determination of the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics is useful for distinguishing neoplastic and nonneoplastic ASLs.
A counseling/pastoral approach to the homosexual client

This article focuses on a practical approach to dealing with homosexual concerns within a pastoral context. The manner in which a church worker and a mental health professional can practice co-therapy is detailed with some of the limitations and advantages associated with such a team outlined.
Adaptive polynomial factorization by coefficient matching

A polynomial factorization algorithm is presented which updates all roots simultaneously and efficiently in response to coefficient perturbations. The algorithm requires approximately 2n/sup 2/ complex floating point operations to update all roots of nth order polynomial. Close to the true root vector, the algorithm's convergence rate is quadratic. The root update requires only the solution of two sets of structured linear equations and a convolution. The algorithm can be used to track the roots of time-varying polynomials which is useful for application in adaptive signal processing. >
Medical disorders of alcoholism.

Alcohol is the most frequently abused drug throughout the world. In the United States, it is consumed regularly by about half the adult population, and about 15 to 20 million people are alcoholics. Alcoholism claims 100,000 lives annually and carries an annual price tag of more than $100 billion.1 Among persons admitted to general hospitals, 20 to 40 percent have alcohol-related problems, and among the elderly, alcohol-related hospitalizations are as numerous as those due to myocardial infarction.2 Alcohol permeates all tissues of the body and affects most vital functions, because it is a small molecule soluble in both water and . . .
Effective patient education. A quasi-experiment comparing an individualized strategy with a routinized strategy.

A quasi-experiment was conducted on 127 hospitalized rheumatoid arthritis patients to determine the relative success of 3 patient teaching strategies—an individualized program, a routinized program, and a no-planned-instruction program—on patients' knowledge of their disease and treatment. Data analysis revealed that the individualized program produced a 100% greater learning gain than the routinized program in patients who had low pretest scores. The results suggest that maximum patient learning occurs when the teaching process accommodates important patient differences.