cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IgE Anti-Varicella Zoster Virus and Other Immune Responses Before, During, and After Shingles

Blood lymphocyte distributions, serum immunoglobulin and cytokine levels, and serum IgE and IgG anti-varicella zoster virus (VZV) levels were measured in an atopic girl (age 15 yr) who developed shingles 10 yr after infection with chicken pox. Before, during, and 5 months after the shingles episode, the child's distributions of blood lymphocytes (excluding CD23+) and serum immunoglobulin levels (excluding IgE) were within the normal ranges. Her blood level of CD23+ lymphocytes decreased >50% during the shingles episode and remained low thereafter. Her serum level of IgE was elevated before and during shingles (154 and 168 IU/ml, respectively), but was reduced after recovery from shingles (<100 IU/ml). Before, during, and after shingles, her serum contained IgE and IgG anti-VZV antibodies. Before, during, and after shingles, low levels of IFN-gamma were detected in serum, but neither IL-1beta nor IL-4 were detected. Before shingles, low levels of IL-10 were detected in serum; during shingles, the serum level of IL-10 was increased 30-fold; it subsequently diminished at 5 mo after shingles. The role of IgE in immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) has not previously been studied. Our observations in this patient suggest that immunomodulation of IgE and accessory proteins may play a role in VZV pathogenesis.
Effects of purine derivatives on calcitriol metabolism in rats.

The effects of theophylline and sodium urate on metabolic production (PR) and clearance rate (MCR) of calcitriol were determined by the constant isotope infusion method in normal rats. Calcitriol PR was significantly reduced after infusion for 20 h of either theophylline (1 mg/h, PR = 22.3 +/- 1.6 ng.kg-1.day-1, P less than 0.001, n = 5) or sodium urate (0.5 mg/h, PR = 18.6 +/- 1.2 ng.kg-1.day-1, P less than 0.001, n = 5) compared with control rats infused with saline (PR = 32.0 +/- 1.5 ng.kg-1.day-1, n = 5). Renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity of kidney homogenate was significantly inhibited in rats infused with theophylline or urate. Suppression of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was also observed when the kidney homogenate was preincubated for 3 h with various concentrations of xanthine (0.11-3.0 mg/dl). In addition, the MCR of calcitriol was decreased in rats infused with either theophylline (MCR = 21.0 +/- 0.88 microliter.min-1.100 g-1, P less than 0.005) or urate (MCR = 22.9 +/- 0.91 microliter.min-1.100 g-1, P less than 0.05) compared with saline-infused control rats (MCR = 25.2 +/- 0.41 microliter.min-1.100 g-1). Because calcitriol degradation is a receptor-mediated process that requires binding of the receptor-hormone complex to chromatin, we studied the binding affinity of labeled calcitriol receptor for DNA-cellulose in the presence of theophylline or urate. Both theophylline and urate inhibited receptor binding affinity for DNA-cellulose. We conclude that these purine derivatives suppress calcitriol synthesis and inhibit receptor binding affinity for DNA. The altered receptor binding affinity could explain the decreased MCR of calcitriol.
Uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy; report of a case.

I N 1952, Dailey and Ijenson’ reviewed the ]itel*ature an(l rel)()l*ted :! 1 additional cases of hyperthyroidism complicating pregnancy. They ~n~lu&~l t,hat hyperthyroidism has no adverse effects on a well-established preg11ancy ; that the course of a toxic goiter is not altered appreciably 1)~ pregnancy ; and that there is a slight increase in fetal loss during pregnancy. Although medica. management will control this complication, these authors recommend operation as the procedure of choice. Vit,h these concepts in mind the management of thyrotoxicosis a.ppears to be relatively simple. This is true certa,inly for the patient seen early in the course of pregnancy with mild or moderate hyperthyroidism. Subtotal thyroidectorny following adequate medical preparation can usually be a.ccomplisheci without difficulty during the second and early third trimesters. Occasionally, however, one may be confronted with uncontrolled severe thyrotoxicosis in a patient late in pregnancy. Sufficient time may not be available to prepare these patients adequately for surgery, necessitating medical management alone. We have recently ohsc~~~ed a patient admitted to the hospital in labor who presented such severe maternal c*onlplications due t,o thyrotosicosis that they seem worthy of report,.
Tumor Incidence in the Progeny of Hens Repeatedly-Injected as Adults with Visceral Lymphomatosis Virus

Abstract THERE is much indirect evidence to indicate that the virus of avian visceral lymphomatosis may be transmitted from parent to offspring through the egg. (See reviews by Cottral 1950See reviews by Cottral 1952.) Recently, the presence of the infectious agent in eggs from clinically normal hens has been demonstrated by Cottral et al. (1954) and Burmester et al. (1955). Thus it has become apparent that further investigation on this important problem should be undertaken. For certain of these investigations, it is necessary or highly desirable to use eggs which are known to be infected with the visceral lymphomatosis virus. These are not readily available since the only method of testing suspected eggs from certain hens is the injection of material from these eggs into susceptible chicks and by the time such results are available the hen in question may have ceased to shed significant amounts of the virus. The possibility of infecting eggs …
Inelastic rho 0 photoproduction in the reaction gamma p--> rho 0 pi +n.

Inelastic {rho}{sup 0} photoproduction in the reaction {gamma}{ital p}{r_arrow}{rho}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{ital n} is observed in the peripheral region {vert_bar}{ital t}{sub {gamma},{rho}}{sup 0{prime}}{vert_bar}{lt}0.12 GeV{sup 2}. The data are consistent with the {rho}{sup 0} production being due to a double peripheral mechanism which conserves {ital s}-channel helicity. The {pi}{sup +}{ital n} produced in association with the {rho}{sup 0} is also consistent with the same mechanism, although there is a distortion of the expected angular distributions in the {pi}{sup +}{ital n} mass region of 1.3--1.5 GeV/{ital c}{sup 2}.
Closed head injury: a simplified approach.

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY The clinician managing the head-injured patient is constantly asking himself, “Am 1 missing anything which requires operative intervention?” This question is answered by periodic evaluation of the patient’s vital signs, level of consciousness, pupillary equality and reactivity, and extremity movement. If a neurologic deficit is in evolution, it should manifest itself by producing a change which will not be missed by careful frequent clinical evaluation.
Setting the Stage for Safety

(1937). Setting the Stage for Safety. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 401-450.
ASXL1 mutations in myeloid neoplasms: pathogenetic considerations, impact on clinical outcomes and survival

AbstractBackground: ASXL1 gene mutations include nonsense, missense, and frameshift mutations. Although their clinical significance is still debated, they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of several hematologic malignancies.Methods: Herein, we offer a comprehensive review on ASXL1 mutations, and link them with survival and clinical outcomes in patients with various myeloid neoplasms. Most relevant publications were identified through searching the PubMed/Medline database for articles published from inception to February 2016.Findings: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ASXL1 mutations tend to correlate with older age and male gender, and affect predominantly patients with secondary AML. De novo AML patients with ASXL1 mutations had significantly lower complete remission rates after standard high-dose chemotherapy and shorter survival. In chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and low- or intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, frameshift and nonsense mutations correlated with shorter survival an...
Understanding Patient Experience: A Course for Residents.

Introduction A 4-hour curriculum was developed to provide residents with information about the concepts of patient satisfaction and experience. The course focuses on the competencies of professiona...
Prolonged Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Following Laser Interstitial Ablation in Epilepsy: A Case Series with a Case Report of Postablation Optic Neuritis

Objective Laser interstitial thermal therapy has become increasingly popular for targeting epileptic foci in a minimally invasive fashion. Despite its use in >1000 patients, the long-term effects of photothermal injury on brain physiology remain poorly understood. Methods We prospectively followed clinical and radiographic courses of 13 patients undergoing laser ablation for focal epilepsy by the senior author (N.T.). Only patients with nonenhancing lesions and patients who had a delayed postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan with gadolinium administration approximately 6 months after ablation were considered. Volumetric estimates of the amount of enhancement immediately after ablation and on the delayed MRI scan were made. Results Median interval between surgery and delayed postoperative MRI scan was 6 months (range, 5–8 months). In 12 of 13 cases, persistent enhancement was seen, consistent with prolonged blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Enhancement, when present, was 9%–67% (mean 30%). There was no correlation between the time from surgery and the relative percentage of postoperative enhancement on MRI. The blood-brain barrier remained compromised to gadolinium contrast for up to 8 months after thermal therapy. There were no adverse events from surgical intervention; however, 1 patient developed delayed optic neuritis. Conclusions Prolonged incompetence of the blood-brain barrier produced by thermal ablation may provide a path for delivery of macromolecules into perilesional tissue, which could be exploited for therapeutic benefit, but rarely it may result in autoimmune central nervous system inflammatory conditions.
Efficacy of Azithromycin and Compounded Atovaquone for Treatment of Babesia gibsoni in Dogs

Background Approximately one-third of dogs confiscated during dogfighting investigations are infected with Babesia gibsoni. Traditional management of B. gibsoni with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-screening, treatment with commercially available azithromycin and atovaquone, and PCR testing after 60 and 90 days is costly and impractical for large numbers of dogs at a time. Hypothesis/Objectives To assess the efficacy of an alternative protocol in which commercial atovaquone was replaced by compounded medication and PCR monitoring was initiated at 30 days after the end of treatment to decrease the total management time. Methods Prospective observational study. Forty-two pit bull-type dogs confiscated as part of an investigation of dogfighting, diagnosed with B. gibsoni infection, and judged to be suitable for adoption were treated with azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO q24h) and compounded atovaquone (13.4 mg/kg PO q8h with a fatty meal) for 10 days. PCR testing was repeated at 30 and 60 days after end of treatment if dogs with positive PCR tests at either time were tested at 90 days. Treatment was considered successful; 2 PCR tests 30 days apart were negative. Results Treatment was successful in 39 dogs (93%) as defined by 2 consecutive PCR-negative test results 30 days apart. In 38 dogs (90%), PCR results were the same at 30 and 60 days. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Use of compounded atovaquone and a reduced monitoring period can reduce costs and holding times without compromising treatment efficacy. This more economical protocol can remove barriers to mass screening and management of B. gibsoni infections in dogfighting cases.
Metabolomic studies in Drosophila

Metabolomic analysis provides a powerful new tool for studies of Drosophila physiology. This approach allows investigators to detect thousands of chemical compounds in a single sample, representing the combined contributions of gene expression, enzyme activity, and environmental context. Metabolomics has been used for a wide range of studies in Drosophila, often providing new insights into gene function and metabolic state that could not be obtained using any other approach. In this review, we survey the uses of metabolomic analysis since its entry into the field. We also cover the major methods used for metabolomic studies in Drosophila and highlight new directions for future research.
Regulation of Ca2+ signaling by acute hypoxia and acidosis in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes.

Abstract Ischemic heart disease is an arrhythmogenic condition, accompanied by hypoxia, acidosis, and impaired Ca 2 + signaling. Here we report on effects of acute hypoxia and acidification in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes cultures. Results Two populations of neonatal cardiomyocyte were identified based on inactivation kinetics of L-type I Ca : rapidly-inactivating I Ca (τ ~ 20 ms) myocytes (prevalent in 3–4-day cultures), and slow-inactivating I Ca (τ ≥ 40 ms) myocytes (dominant in 7-day cultures). Acute hypoxia (pO 2 Ca reversibly in both cell-types to different extent and with different kinetics. This disparity disappeared when Ba 2 + was the channel charge carrier, or when the intracellular Ca 2 + buffering capacity was increased by dialysis of high concentrations of EGTA and BAPTA, suggesting critical role for calcium-dependent inactivation. Suppressive effect of acute acidosis on I Ca (~ 40%, pH 6.7), on the other hand, was not cell-type dependent. Isoproterenol enhanced I Ca in both cell-types, but protected only against suppressive effects of acidosis and not hypoxia. Hypoxia and acidosis suppressed global Ca 2 + transients by ~ 20%, but suppression was larger, ~ 35%, at the RyR2 microdomains, using GCaMP6-FKBP targeted probe. Hypoxia and acidosis also suppressed mitochondrial Ca 2 + uptake by 40% and 10%, respectively, using mitochondrial targeted Ca 2 + biosensor (mito-GCaMP6). Conclusion Our studies suggest that acute hypoxia suppresses I Ca in rapidly inactivating cell population by a mechanism involving Ca 2 + -dependent inactivation, while compromised mitochondrial Ca 2 + uptake seems also to contribute to I Ca suppression in slowly inactivating cell population. Proximity of cellular Ca 2 + pools to sarcolemmal Ca 2 + channels may contribute to the variability of inactivation kinetics of I Ca in the two cell populations, while acidosis suppression of I Ca appears mediated by proton-induced block of the calcium channel.
Integrating Extracellular Flux Measurements and Genome-Scale Modeling Reveals Differences between Brown and White Adipocytes

Summary White adipocytes are specialized for energy storage, whereas brown adipocytes are specialized for energy expenditure. Explicating this difference can help identify therapeutic targets for obesity. A common tool to assess metabolic differences between such cells is the Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XF) Analyzer, which measures oxygen consumption and media acidification in the presence of different substrates and perturbagens. Here, we integrate the Analyzer's metabolic profile from human white and brown adipocytes with a genome-scale metabolic model to predict flux differences across the metabolic map. Predictions matched experimental data for the metabolite 4-aminobutyrate, the protein ABAT, and the fluxes for glucose, glutamine, and palmitate. We also uncovered a difference in how adipocytes dispose of nitrogenous waste, with brown adipocytes secreting less ammonia and more urea than white adipocytes. Thus, the method and software we developed allow for broader metabolic phenotyping and provide a distinct approach to uncovering metabolic differences.
Locally focused MRI

Conventional magnetic resonance images are reconstructed by Fourier transformation and have uniform spatial resolution across the entire field of view (FOV). This paper describes a way of creating MR images which have higher spatial resolution in some areas than others. High resolution imaging can be confined to just those areas where it is necessary to resolve strong edges without truncation artifacts. Such locally focused images can be acquired in less scan time than required to image the entire FOV with uniformly high resolution. After the user specifies the spatial resolution in each portion of the FOV, the algorithm automatically generates image basis functions which oscillate most rapidly in the regions with highest resolution. Images are reconstructed by summing image projection onto these basis functions. These projections are calculated from a subset of the usual phase-encoded signals required to create a uniformly well-resolved image. The algorithm also determines which phase-encodings are optimal for this purpose, and these are usually nonuniformly scattered in k-space. Thus, both data acquisition and image reconstruction are optimized. Functional and interventional imaging may benefit from this technique, which makes it possible to acquire a rapid series of dynamical images which have high resolution in areas of expected changes and lower resolution elsewhere. Spectroscopic images may be improved by using high resolution in the neighborhood of sharp edges which might otherwise cause truncation artifacts.
Excitation System Aggregation

Constructing a dynamic equivalent for a power system involves several steps: the partition of the system into coherent areas, the aggregation of coherent generator buses, and the aggregation of the coherent generators and their control devices. These steps have been discussed in previous chapters, including a method in Chap. 2 to aggregate the exciter models using frequency response. In this chapter, we investigate a trajectory sensitivity method to tune the aggregate exciter parameters of the equivalenced model. The optimal parameters of the aggregated exciter yielding the least error are used to evaluate the sensitivity technique against the aggregation method in the DYNRED program and a weighted MVA-based method. A three-machine system with one coherent area satisfying the theoretical coherency conditions is used to investigate the impact of the variations of the individual generator, network, and exciter parameters on the aggregate exciter model parameters. The technique is then applied to the exciter aggregation of a larger NPCC 48-machine system.
Making Borders in Modern East Asia: The Tumen River Demarcation, 1881-1919

Until the late nineteenth century, the Chinese-Korean Tumen River border was one of the oldest, and perhaps most stable, state boundaries in the world. Spurred by severe food scarcity following a succession of natural disasters, from the 1860s, countless Korean refugees crossed the Tumen River border into Qing-China's Manchuria, triggering a decades-long territorial dispute between China, Korea, and Japan. This major new study of a multilateral and multiethnic frontier highlights the competing state- and nation-building projects in the fraught period that witnessed the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, and the First World War. The power-plays over land and people simultaneously promoted China's frontier-building endeavours, motivated Korea's nationalist imagination, and stimulated Japan's colonialist enterprise, setting East Asia on an intricate trajectory from the late-imperial to a situation that, Song argues, we call modern.
Anti-inflammatory therapy in sports injury. The role of nonsteroidal drugs and corticosteroid injection.

Strong statements regarding the efficacy of anti-inflammatory medication are based primarily on experience with rheumatic disease. Such experience, over 32 years, involving more than 400,000 injections in more than 12,000 patients, has led Hollander and associates to conclude that "no other form of treatment for arthritis has given such consistent local symptomatic relief in so many for so long with so few harmful effects." Such endorsement has not been clearly transferrable to sports medicine experience. Anti-inflammatory medications can unquestionably affect excessive inflammation. Whether this tissue effect is significant with regard to enhancing sports performance has been difficult to prove. To quote Oriole baseball pitcher Jim Palmer, "cortisone is a miracle drug ... for a week!" Perhaps this is because in rheumatologic disease, inflammation is the problem, whereas in sports injury, performance recovery depends on restoration of both the injured tissue and its kinetic environment. The tendency to place an inflammatory label (i.e., "itis") on sports-induced pain has promoted the value of anti-inflammatory treatment while risking a de-emphasis of the role of physical rehabilitation and even well-timed surgical repair. If pain and signs of inflammation are persistent, repeated efforts to turn off the body's alarm is not a substitute for finding the cause of the fire. Indeed, to remove the "fire alarm" of pain from the onset of an injury can clearly place the athlete in great jeopardy with respect to tissue overload and failure. Perhaps the greatest criticism that can be raised regarding anti-inflammatory treatment as a sole solution in sports injury is that it tends, in its worst application, to be too passive and dependent a modality and does not challenge the athlete's sense of responsibility to properly train, condition, and develop correct technique. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapy may succeed only if the patient has been instilled with the proper expectations and responsibilities. Increasing knowledge of the pathobiology of sports injury and the various treatments required for complete recovery has led the experienced clinician to rely far less upon anti-inflammatory medication as a long-term solution. Nevertheless, until more biologically selective drugs become available, the judicious application of anti-inflammatory therapy remains a useful, albeit adjunctive therapy for sports injury. The successful clinical rationale is best arrived at not by random selection but by cautious individualized prescription.
Size effects in concrete fracture – Part II: Analysis of test results

This paper presents an analysis of the extensive experimental program aimed at assessing the influence of maximum aggregate size and specimen size on the fracture properties of concrete. Concrete specimens used were prepared with varying aggregate sizes of 4.75, 9.5, 19, 38, and 76 mm. Approximately 250 specimens varying in dimension and maximum aggregate size were tested to accomplish the objectives of the study. Every specimen was subjected to the quasi-static cyclic loading at a rate of 0.125 mm/min (0.005 in./min) leading to a controlled crack growth. The test results were presented in the form of load-crack mouth opening displacement curves, compliance data, surface measured crack length and crack trajectories as well as calculated crack length, critical energy release rate, and fracture toughness (G 1). There is a well pronounced general trend observed: G 1 increases with crack length (R-curve behavior). For geometrically similar specimens, where the shape and all dimensionless parameters are the same, the R-curve for the larger specimens is noticeably higher than that for the smaller ones. For a fixed specimen size, G 1 increases with an increase in the aggregate size (fracture surface roughness). For the same maximum aggregate size specimens, the apparent toughness increases with specimen size. It was clear that the rate of increase in G 1, with respect to an increase of the dimensionless crack length (the crack length normalized by the specimen width), increases with both specimen size and maximum aggregate size increase. The crack trajectory deviates from the rectilinear path more in the specimens with larger aggregate sizes. Fracture surfaces in concrete with larger aggregate size exhibit higher roughness than that for smaller aggregate sizes. For completely similar specimens, the crack tortuosity is greater for the larger size specimens. The crack path is random, i.e., there are no two identical specimens that exhibit the same fracture path, however, there are distinct and well reproducible statistical features of crack trajectories in similar specimens. Bridging and other forms of crack face interactions that are the most probable causes of high toughness, were more pronounced in the specimens with larger maximum size aggregates.
Calcified Intra-Atrial Mass Detected by M-Mode Echocardiography and Multi-Head Transducer Scanning: A Case Report

One of the oldest and most valuable applications of the echocardiogram is in the detection of left atrial tumors. We present a case here in which the echocardiogram resembled that of a myxoma, which subsequently proved to be a calcified mass attached to the posterior left atrial wall.
Sperm DNA Damage and Antioxidant Use: Roles in Male Fertility

The physician and andrologist must turn to semen characteristics to decipher what are the causative agents behind male infertility. WHO standard protocol requires analysis of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. However, recent evidence implies that such parameters are not enough to fully depict the basis for male infertility and suggests that the effects of sperm DNA damage on infertility be considered. With the increasing ease of artificial reproduction, factors effecting embryo viability and offspring health related to the quality of sperm used and associated integrity of DNA must be strictly analyzed. Male gametes with damaged DNA can transmit genetic defects, lead to pregnancy loss, infant mortality, birth defects, and genetic diseases in the offspring. Furthermore, studies report that more than 80% of the structural de novo chromosome aberrations are of paternal origin. This chapter will begin by reviewing the process of spermatozoal chromatin organization and DNA packaging. Next, DNA damage and the factors causing this damage shall be considered. Subsequently, recognition and detection of this DNA damage will be reviewed followed finally by the effects of this damage and clinical applications encompassing treatment options involving antioxidants.
Infrastructure work order planning using Genetic Algorithms

Infrastructure management offices plan and complete several thousand small construction projects annually. Effective planning is vital if the public and private sectors are to maintain valuable infrastructure investments at the least cost to the taxpayer or shareholder. This paper presents the results an application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) in multi-project resource allocation to minimize the total cost of work order execution on realistically sized infrastructure management problems. In addition to direct crew costs indirect costs for set-up, idle time, and travel are included in this model. Results of test cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach when compared to several standard heuristics.
Video quality analysis framework for spatial and temporal artifacts

Video quality metrics are essential for improved video processing algorithms. Common video quality metrics are simple averages of independently computed per frame spatial metrics, but human quality perception is not uniform across frames. In particular, the order of frames matter, as does content complexity and scene changes. In this work, we develop a video quality framework that comprehensively integrates both spatial and temporal metrics at three levels: frame, scene, and full video. We experimentally demonstrate improved correlation of spatial metrics with human evaluation as well a new well-correlated temporal metric (jerkiness) based on this framework.
Low-Cost Laparoscopic Skill Training for Medical Students Using Homemade Equipment.

Introduction Despite the increasing prevalence of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), medical students receive little training in MIS techniques like laparoscopy. Cost is perhaps the biggest obstacle...
Five Ways to Flip the Online Classroom on Its Head

While online higher education learning has increased in availability and popularity, documented best practices have been slow to emerge. One learning practice showing promise is flipped classroom design. Research indicates higher-education flipped classrooms are associated with improved student retention and learner retention of content. With various online practices available to instructors, it is important to choose flipping practices that are supported through research while being attuned to the nature of online learning. Bloom's taxonomy provides a framework for creating active learning opportunities in the online classroom to strive to improve retention of both students and learning.
The CXCR4-LASP1-eIF4F Axis Promotes Translation of Oncogenic Proteins in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains clinically challenging as effective targeted therapies are lacking. In addition, patient mortality mainly results from the metastasized lesions. CXCR4 has been identified to be one of the major chemokine receptors involved in breast cancer metastasis. Previously, our lab had identified LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP1) to be a key mediator in CXCR4-driven invasion. To further investigate the role of LASP1 in this process, a proteomic screen was employed and identified a novel protein-protein interaction between LASP1 and components of eukaryotic initiation 4F complex (eIF4F). We hypothesized that activation of the CXCR4-LASP1-eIF4F axis may contribute to the preferential translation of oncogenic mRNAs leading to breast cancer progression and metastasis. To test this hypothesis, we first confirmed that the gene expression of CXCR4, LASP1, and eIF4A are upregulated in invasive breast cancer. Moreover, we demonstrate that LASP1 associated with eIF4A in a CXCL12-dependent manner via a proximity ligation assay. We then confirmed this finding, and the association of LASP1 with eIF4B via co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, we show that LASP1 can interact with eIF4A and eIF4B through a GST-pulldown approach. Activation of CXCR4 signaling increased the translation of oncoproteins downstream of eIF4A. Interestingly, genetic silencing of LASP1 interrupted the ability of eIF4A to translate oncogenic mRNAs into oncoproteins. This impaired ability of eIF4A was confirmed by a previously established 5'UTR luciferase reporter assay. Finally, lack of LASP1 sensitizes 231S cells to pharmacological inhibition of eIF4A by Rocaglamide A as evident through BIRC5 expression. Overall, our work identified the CXCR4-LASP1 axis to be a novel mediator in oncogenic protein translation. Thus, our axis of study represents a potential target for future TNBC therapies.
A novel stereospecific route to E and Z-2-substituted-1,2-difluoroethenylstannanes

Abstract A series of E and Z-2-substituted-1,2-difluoroethenylstannanes are readily obtained in good yield (69–92%) by the reaction of the corresponding fluorinated alkenyl silanes with tributylstannyl chloride and potassium fluoride in DMF under mild conditions.
Hrifmagnsbíóið : árbíóið, áhorfandinn og framúrstefnan

Greinin birtist upprunalega i Wide Angle, 1986 (8) undir titilinum "The cinema of attraction: Early film, its spectator and the avant-garde"
A Multi-Omics Interpretable Machine Learning Model Reveals Modes of Action of Small Molecules.

High-throughput screening and gene signature analyses frequently identify lead therapeutic compounds with unknown modes of action (MoAs), and the resulting uncertainties can lead to the failure of clinical trials. We developed an approach for uncovering MoAs through an interpretable machine learning model of transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Examining compounds with beneficial effects in models of Huntington’s Disease, we found common MoAs for compounds with unrelated structures, connectivity scores, and binding targets. The approach also predicted highly divergent MoAs for two FDA-approved antihistamines. We experimentally validated these effects, demonstrating that one antihistamine activates autophagy, while the other targets bioenergetics. The use of multiple omics was essential, as some MoAs were virtually undetectable in specific assays. Our approach does not require reference compounds or large databases of experimental data in related systems and thus can be applied to the study of agents with uncharacterized MoAs and to rare or understudied diseases.
Strike-Slip Transpressional Uplift Offshore San Onofre, California Inhibits Sediment Delivery to the Deep Sea

The Inner California Borderlands is a complex margin where sediment delivery to the basin floor is largely routed through canyon-channel-gully systems. Using nested geophysical surveys, piston and gravity cores from the Eastern Gulf of Santa Catalina, this study compares two canyon systems and investigates how tectonics, shelf width, gradient, and autogenic processes influence turbidite emplacement timing and grain size. One end-member canyon is the Dana Point Canyon, which is ~2 km from the San Juan Creek drainage and has a concave-up channel profile. The other endmember system consists of the San Onofre North and South (SON and SOS) canyons that are detached from San Mateo Creek by a wide 10 km shelf and they traverse a tectonically-deformed slope with multiple ponded basins. Radiocarbon ages sampled from 8 cores reveal that turbidite deposition at Dana Point persists during the sea-level lowstand of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 through the subsequent transgression and highstand. On the contrary, turbidite emplacement adjacent to the SON and SOS canyons occurs mostly during MIS 2 and ceases around 8 ka. The main regional control on turbidite timing is the wide shelf adjacent to the SON and SOS canyons that is formed by a broad uplifted anticline. This anticline separates the SON and SOS canyons from a riverine source during the sea-level transgression. Much of the tectonic deformation offshore of San Onofre was created by transpression along the right-lateral Newport Inglewood-Rose Canyon Fault Zone. Second-order controls on local turbidite emplacement include small synclines and anticlines that form ponded basins and accommodate deformation on the San Mateo Fault Zone. These basins engender deposition and intervening steep slopes promote sediment bypass. Complex bathymetry offshore San Onofre also affects channel gradient by either accelerating or decelerating flow. Turbidity flow dynamics modified by gradient changes offshore of San Onofre have the ability to modulate channel architecture and grain size. The implications of this work are that tectonically-deformed morphology complicates the timing of turbidite emplacement throughout a sea level cycle and the interpretation of turbidites as paleoseismic records in such regions.
Analysis of Out-of-Pocket Cost of Lung Cancer Screening for Uninsured Patients Among ACR-Accredited Imaging Centers.

Abstract Purpose To determine the variability in out-of-pocket costs of lung cancer screening (LCS) for uninsured patients and assess accessibility of this information by telephone or Internet. Methods LCS centers from the ACR’s LCS database were randomly selected. Centers were called between July and August 2019 to determine out-of-pocket cost. Telephone call variables, accessibility of cost information on screening centers’ websites, screening centers’ chargemasters, and publicly available facility and state insurance coverage variables were obtained. Cost information was summarized using descriptive analyses. Multiple variable linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate effects of facility and state-level characteristics on out-of-pocket costs. Results Fifty-five ACR-accredited LCS centers were included with 78% (43 of 55) willing to provide out-of-pocket cost. Average out-of-pocket cost was $583 ± $607 (mean ± standard deviation), range $49 to $2,409. Average telephone call length 6 ± 3.8 min. Two of fifty-five screening centers’ websites provided out-of-pocket cost information, and one matched cost given over the telephone. A chargemaster was found for 30 of 55 screening centers. No statistically significant differences in out-of-pocket costs were found by geographic region, state percentages of uninsured residents, state percentages of residents with public insurance, or facility safety net hospital affiliation. Discussion Out-of-pocket LCS costs for uninsured patients and availability of this information is highly variable. Radiology practices should be aware of this variability that may influence participation rates among uninsured patients.
Laser direct deposited transparent magnesium aluminate spinel ceramics

Abstract This paper investigates the use of Laser Direct Deposition to fabricate transparent magnesium aluminate spinel (MAS) ceramics. Dense MAS ceramic samples are created from a homogeneous mixture of alumina and magnesia precursors without a need of lengthy pre-processing procedures normally required by traditional sintering techniques. The printed samples are verified to be a single MAS phase through X-ray diffraction peak analysis. Cracking and residual porosity are the key issues affecting the optical/infrared transmission of the printed parts. With optimized processing conditions, the parts shift from being translucent to transparent, indicating the potential of the proposed method in direct printing transparent ceramic parts.
In Situ Formation of Liquid Metals via Galvanic Replacement Reaction to Build Dendrite‐Free Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries

Galvanic replacement reactions have been studied as a versatile route to synthesize nanostructured alloys. However, the galvanic replacement chemistry of alkali metals has rarely been explored. A protective interphase layer will be formed outside templates when the redox potential exceeds the potential windows of nonaqueous solutions, and the complex interfacial chemistry remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the formation of room-temperature liquid metal alloys of Na and K via galvanic replacement reaction. The fundamentals of the reaction at such low potentials are investigated via a combined experimental and computational method, which uncovers the critical role of solid-electrolyte interphase in regulating the migration of Na ions and thus the alloying reaction kinetics. With in situ formed NaK liquid alloys as an anode, the dendritic growth of alkali metals can be eliminated thanks to the deformable and self-healing features of liquid metals. The proof-of-concept battery delivers reasonable electrochemical performance, confirming the generality of this in situ approach and design principle for next-generation dendrite-free batteries.
Boa Views: Easy Modularization and Sharing of MSR Analyses

Mining Software Repositories (MSR) has recently seen a focus toward ultra-large-scale datasets. Several tools exist to support these efforts, such as the Boa language and infrastructure. While Boa has seen extensive use, in its current form it is not always possible to perform the entire analysis task within the infrastructure, often requiring some post-processing in another language. This limits end-to-end reproducibility and limits sharing/re-use of MSR queries. To address this problem, we use the notion of views from the relational database field and designed a query language and runtime infrastructure extension for Boa that we call materialized views. Materialized views provide output reuse to Boa users, so that the results of prior Boa queries can be easily reused by others. This allows for computing results not previously possible within Boa and provides for increased sharing and reuse of MSR queries. To evaluate views, we performed two partial reproductions of prior MSR studies utilizing Boa's dataset and infrastructure and compare our results to the prior studies. This shows the usability of the new infrastructure, allowing analyses in Boa that were not previously possible as well as providing a previously hand created gold dataset for identifier splitting as a reusable view for other MSR researchers. We also verified the caching behavior using the queries from one of the case studies. The results show that caching works as expected and can drastically improve runtime performance.
Does early introduction of peanuts to an infant's diet reduce the risk for peanut allergy?

Greg Jungwirth, MD; Kevin Stock, PharmD; Jon O. Neher, MD (Valley Family Medicine Residency, University of Washington at Valley in Renton); Sarah Safranek, MLIS (University of Washington Health Sciences Library, Seattle)
A Physically-Based Model for Thermo-Oxidative and Hydrolytic Aging of Elastomers

Abstract A computationally efficient model is proposed to capture the loss of mechanical performance due to chemical aging that are formed as the competition of chain scission and cross-link formation/dissolution, such as thermo-oxidative aging or hydrolytic aging. The model should be considered an extension of our recent models [1, 2, 3] which further simplifies the matrix behavior based on the assumption of independence of environmental and mechanical damage. The model uses this assumption to reduce the necessary material parameters needed to model constitutive and inelastic behavior of elastomers during aging. To this end, the model can provide accurate predictions of the material performance with the significantly fewer number of fitting parameters. The model is relevant for all decay mechanisms formed by the occurrence of two simultaneous micro-mechanisms; (i) formation/reduction of the cross-links, and (ii) chain scission, both of which are present in thermo-oxidation and hydrolytic aging. Assuming the alteration of the chain density along the aging trajectory is identical to the peroxide cross-link density for thermo-oxidation, and the change of the average molecular weight for hydrolysis, the strain energy of polymer matrix can be rewritten as a function of deformation, deformation history, storage time and aging temperature. Next, the modified network alteration model is formulated for implementation into Finite Element (FE) simulations. The model is built on the presumption of homogeneous and consistent oxygen/water absorption and thus is mainly relevant for relatively thin samples exposed to environmental loads for a long time. The proposed model includes only six physically inspired material parameters. Thus, while it is computationally efficient, it shows good agreement with own experimental data, which performed on various range of accelerated aging temperatures and times. With respect to its computational efficiency, simplicity, accuracy, and interpret-ability, the model is the right choice for advanced implementations in FE programs.
Hedge Connectivity without Hedge Overlaps.

Connectivity is a central notion of graph theory and plays an important role in graph algorithm design and applications. With emerging new applications in networks, a new type of graph connectivity problem has been getting more attention--hedge connectivity. In this paper, we consider the model of hedge graphs without hedge overlaps, where edges are partitioned into subsets called hedges that fail together. The hedge connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of hedges whose removal disconnects the graph. This model is more general than the hypergraph, which brings new computational challenges. It has been a long open problem whether this problem is solvable in polynomial time. In this paper, we study the combinatorial properties of hedge graph connectivity without hedge overlaps, based on its extremal conditions as well as hedge contraction operations, which provide new insights into its algorithmic progress.
Human Civilization, Products, and Manufacturing

The importance of manufacturing to the human civilization is discussed; main drivers to advance manufacturing technologies are discussed and classified. The technological evolution over the human history is examined to gain a good understanding of the needs, limitations, opportunities, and challenges of modern manufacturing technologies. Critical emerging technologies including Internet of things (IoT), Big Data Analytics (BDA), Cloud Computing (CC), Blockchain Technology (BCT), and Rapid Technologies (RP) are briefly introduced. The roles of computer-aided technologies in digital manufacturing are discussed. It is found that engineers should master digital skills to perform engineering practices in modern manufacturing. The organization of the book is presented as the conclusion of this chapter.
Quo vadis Forschung, quo vadis Praxis?

Die Forschungsbefunde zu Schulerruckmeldungen werden in der Praxis noch nicht in hohem Mase wahrgenommen, was am Beispiel der Aussagen einer Lehrergewerkschaft diskutiert wird. Hierbei wird auf Aspekte der inhaltlichen Grundlage (Was wird durch Schulerruckmeldungen erfasst?), Aspekte der Reliabilitat und Validitat verschiedener Arten von Erhebungsinstrumenten (Wie werden Schulerruckmeldungen erfasst?) und Begrundungen fur das Einholen (Warum werden Schulerruckmeldungen erfasst?) eingegangen. Einschlagige empirische Ergebnisse zur Nutzung von Schulerruckmeldungen zum Zwecke der Unterrichtsentwicklung, der Demokratisierung von Schule und Forderung der Lehrergesundheit werden typischen Bedenken und Angsten gegenubergestellt.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Cyber-Physical Security of Photovoltaic Farms

In the last decades, modem grids with distributed energy resources, such as photovoltaic (PV) farms, are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks that seriously affect the stability and performance of the power system. While cyber-physical security of smart grids is extensively studied, most of the existing work focuses on the grid level and neglects the modeling and features of device-level power electronics converters (PECs). Therefore, establishing a high-fidelity simulation testbed that can simulate harmonic frequencies of the PV farm is in urgent need. In this paper, a high-fidelity and real-time hardware-in- the-loop testbed is built to simulate the harmonics of power electronics converters for cyber-physical security of PEC-enabled PV farms. Based on this testbed, the impact of typical cyber-attacks and physical faults on the PV converter can be analyzed, thus providing a foundation for cyber-attack detection, root cause diagnosis, and resilient control to mitigate the adverse effects of cyber-attacks.
Introduction to the Transition (or Ekman) Layer

In the Ekman layer, the wind is assumed to result from a balance between the pressure gradient force, apparent acceleration due to the Coriolis effect (CE), and friction. But because friction weakens with height substantially in this layer, the importance of CE changes vertically. This causes the wind direction to change continuously with increasing height (hence the name “spiral”) between the surface and the top of the planetary boundary layer, or friction layer. The wind speed and direction are perfectly predictable in the solution to the classic Ekman spiral. However, the equation is very complicated to derive, and it requires background on friction (i.e., eddy viscosity, or eddy exchange coefficient of momentum. This chapter serves as an introduction to the concept of eddy viscosity as a prelude to the derivation of the classic Ekman spiral in the next two chapters.