cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic laser lithotripsy of large bile duct stones

Abstract Experimental work has established that the Candela (Candela Laser Corporation, Wayland, MA) flashlamp excited dye laser (wavelength, 504 nm) is a highly effective method for fragmenting biliary stones and has minimal potential for injuring the bile duct wall. This technique was evaluated in 25 complex patients whose stones, usually because of large size, did not respond to standard nonoperative treatment. The laser imaging was applied through a quartz fiber and aimed either under direct vision with choledochoscopes passed percutaneously or through a special "mother" duodenoscope or under fluoroscopic guidance at standard duodenoscopy. Laser treatment resulted in some fragmentation of stones in 23 cases. Subsequently, it proved that it was possible to clear the bile duct of stones in 20 patients, 12 of them receiving successful treatment during the same endoscopic procedure. There were no significant complications. This endoscopic technique seems to be a useful new alternative to surgery in patients with large and difficult bile duct stones.
A Review Of: “A Certain Kind of Death”

Donald Wright died alone in a Los Angeles motel. He was 61, a “migrant-type” with $290 in his wallet, nothing valuable in his estate, and no known next of kin. After discovering Wright's body, the ...
How Emerging Markets are Reshaping the Innovation Architecture of Global Firms

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to advance knowledge on how firms should rethink and develop their innovation architecture by leveraging emerging market opportunities.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a conceptual framework comprising the drivers and consequences of innovation architecture across emerging and developed markets. It also highlights emerging market innovation characteristics using detailed examples.Findings/conclusions – Most of the future growth in the global economy will come from emerging markets. Successful global firms will have to rethink and develop their innovation architecture by leveraging innovations developed for emerging markets. By balancing the long-term costs and benefits of innovations in both developed and emerging markets, global firms can successfully reshape their innovation architecture.Practical implications – From a practical perspective, the paper provides guidelines to executives for managing innovation architecture across emerging and developed markets. Innovations appropriately developed and launched in emerging markets have the potential to expand global consumer base and increase shareholder value.Social implications – From a societal standpoint, the paper helps improve consumer welfare in emerging markets by offering a roadmap to develop safe, relevant, and affordable products for mainstream customers. Reverse innovations, developed primarily for emerging markets also benefit consumers in developed markets and enhance their social welfare.Value/originality – The paper provides an original theoretical contribution in an important and underexplored research area – emerging market innovation. It is the first to develop an in-depth analysis of innovation architecture, advance a conceptual framework of the role of emerging markets in the development and consequences of innovation architecture, and offer a roadmap for strategic management of innovation architecture. Academic researchers, practitioners, and policy makers will benefit from this paper.
The Skills and Employment Opportunities Project: report of an evaluation

Objectives the research was designed to evaluate the success of a Project set up to find employment or training in ordinary firms or organisations for people with disabilities. Methods three main sources of data were used: the Project's data-base, which included information on client 'outcomes'; postal questionnaires and interviews with Project clients; postal questionnaire and interviews with referrers to the Project. Results the rate of referral to the Project vastly exceeded expectations. According to the Project's 'outcome' categories, 66% of the clients were successfully placed, and clients' accounts verified this. The expectations of referrers of people with learning disabilities for their clients exceeded 'outcomes' but referrers of people with physical disabilities under-estimated them. Clients' views were generally favourable but they would have liked more choice and aspired to improving their work placements. Conclusions The evidence indicated that the Project had a role in the area not filled by other agencies.
Evaluation of a Collagen Patch as a Method of Enhancing Ventriculotomy Healing in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Objective— To assess the ability of a porcine submucosal collagen patch to enhance ventriculotomy healing in quail. Study Design— Histologic assessment of wound repair after ventriculotomy. Animal Population— Eighteen adult Japanese quail. Methods— All quail had a ventriculotomy through the caudoventral thin muscle. The quail were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group I (n = 9) had routine closure and group II (n = 9) had routine closure and the application of a porcine submucosal collagen patch over the serosal surface of the ventricular suture line. Three quail from each group underwent necropsy at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery and healing of the ventriculotomy site was evaluated by microscopy. Results— Ventricular mucosal epithelium was completely healed at 21 days postoperatively. Time to restoration of the ventricular submucosal integrity was variable in both groups. There was evidence of a gross or microscopic perforation in 4 quail in group II, which was statistically significant (P= .041). Quail with perforations had significantly elevated numbers of ventricular serosal lymphoid aggregates compared with those without perforations (P= .029). There were no other significant temporal differences between group I and group II for mortality or histopathologic grading of wound healing. Conclusions— A porcine collagen patch did not enhance ventriculotomy wound healing. Subjectively, the collagen patch might have contributed to perforation by the generation of a lymphocytic xenograft rejection response. Clinical Relevance— Ventriculotomy can be safely performed using routine closure methods in healthy birds.
Exploratory Activity in Drosophila Requires the kurtz Nonvisual Arrestin

When Drosophila adults are placed into an open field arena, they initially exhibit an elevated level of activity followed by a reduced stable level of spontaneous activity. We have found that the initial elevated component arises from the fly's interaction with the novel arena since: (1) the increased activity is independent of handling prior to placement within the arena, (2) the fly's elevated activity is proportional to the size of the arena, and (3) the decay in activity to spontaneous levels requires both visual and olfactory input. These data indicate that active exploration is the major component of elevated initial activity. There is a specific requirement for the kurtz nonvisual arrestin in the nervous system for both the exploration stimulated by the novel arena and the mechanically stimulated activity. kurtz is not required for spontaneous activity; kurtz mutants display normal levels of spontaneous activity and average the same velocities as wild-type controls. Inhibition of dopamine signaling has no effect on the elevated initial activity phase in either wild-type or krz1 mutants. Therefore, the exploratory phase of open field activity requires kurtz in the nervous system, but is independent of dopamine's stimulation of activity.
Effects of phorbol ester on phospholipase D and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities in T-lymphocyte cell lines

The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the activities of phospholipase D (PLD3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were studied in Jurkat, a human T cell line, and EL4, a murine T-cell line. PMA treatment rapidly activated PLD in Jurkat, as detected either in intact or broken cells. In contrast, PMA did not stimulate PLD activity in EL4 cells. PLD activity was not detected in membranes prepared from EL4 cells. Jurkat, but not EL4, expresses a 120-kDa protein recognized by an anti-PLD antibody. In both Jurkat and EL4 cells, PMA caused activation of ERKs. Incubation of EL4 cells with bacterial PLD increased phosphatidic acid levels, but did not activate ERK. In both EL4 and Jurkat cells, co-stimulation with PMA and ionomycin stimulated JNK activity. These results show that activation of PLD is not required for activation of ERKs or JNKs by PMA in T-cell lines. Thus, while PLD activity is expressed in some T-cell lines, the role of this enzyme and its products in T-cell activation remain to be elucidated.
Detecting image near-duplicate by stochastic attributed relational graph matching with learning

Detecting Image Near-Duplicate (IND) is an important problem in a variety of applications, such as copyright infringement detection and multimedia linking. Traditional image similarity models are often difficult to identify IND due to their inability to capture scene composition and semantics. We present a part-based image similarity measure derived from stochastic matching of Attributed Relational Graphs that represent the compositional parts and part relations of image scenes. Such a similarity model is fundamentally different from traditional approaches using low-level features or image alignment. The advantage of this model is its ability to accommodate spatial attributed relations and support supervised and unsupervised learning from training data. The experiments compare the presented model with several prior similarity models, such as color histogram, local edge descriptor, etc. The presented model outperforms the prior approaches with large margin.
A self-management intervention for African Americans with comorbid diabetes and hypertension: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Introduction The objective of this pilot 6-month randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of an intensive, community-based, group intervention that focused on diet, physical activity, and peer support for reducing weight among urban-dwelling African Americans with comorbid type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
THE STRUCTURE OF THIOPHENE SESQUIOXIDE- SYN, ENDO-3A,4,7,7A-TETRAHYDRO-4,7-EPITHIOBENZO(B)THIOPHENE 1,1,8-TRIOXIDE

Thiophene sesquioxide is shown to be syn, endo-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-epithiobenzo[b]-thiophene 1,1,8-trioxide (I) by 1 H and 13 C nmr evidence. Assignment of the 13 C spectrum was facilitated by a cross-ring long-range 13 C-1 H coupling. The mass spectrum of I is dominated by an unusual break-down to give benzene radical cation.
Still photography versus videotaping for documentation of cecal intubation: a prospective study☆

Abstract Background: Documentation of cecal intubation is important for credentialing and continuous quality improvement. However, convincing cecal photographs can be difficult to obtain. The aims of the study were to determine (1) the anatomic variations and photographic factors associated with convincing cecal photographs; (2) whether a prospective attempt to capture specific features resulted in more convincing photographs; and (3) how a prospective attempt at capturing convincing cecal features during still photography compares with videotaping as a method of documenting cecal intubation. Methods: A single examiner evaluating 165 consecutive patients photographed the entire cecum from just distal to the ileocecal valve, the appendiceal orifice, the ileocecal valve orifice, and in the last 110 consecutive cases, the terminal ileum, if it could be intubated. The photographs were then scored by 8 experts according to how convinced they were that cecal intubation had occurred. Features associated with high and low scores were determined, and 50 additional consecutive patients were photographed with a specific effort to capture these features, along with videotaping of the cecum. These photographs and videotapes were then scored by 7 of the 8 experts on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 representing "definitely the cecum." Results: There was marked variation in scores of still photographs among reviewers. A combination of photographs produced the highest mean score and the highest percentage of scores that were either "probably" or "definitely" of the cecum. The photograph of the cecum from just distal to the ileocecal valve was most convincing and the terminal ileum photograph was least convincing. In the 50 cases in which an attempt was made to capture specific features, mean scores improved for the overall cecal photograph by 0.10, the appendiceal orifice by 0.23, the ileocecal valve lips by 0.20, and the terminal ileum by 0.19. The cecum, appendiceal orifice, valve lips, and terminal ileum photographs for the last 50 patients were scored higher than those from the first 165 patients by 4, 4, 4, and 5 reviewers, respectively. Videotapes were consistently convincing (overall mean score 4.78 out of 5) and were scored more convincing than the combination of still photos from the final 50 cases by 6 of 7 reviewers. Conclusions: Still photography of the cecum can be improved somewhat by attempting to capture specific cecal features. However, because of anatomic variation among normal individuals, still photography remains inconsistently convincing. A combination of photographs is most convincing. Videotaping of the cecum is consistently convincing and would appear to serve effectively as a means of documenting cecal intubation rates for the purposes of continuous quality improvement and credentialing. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:451-9.)
INFLORESCENCE TYPES AND FRUITING PATTERNS IN HAMLIN AND VALENCIA ORANGES AND MARSH GRAPEFRUIT

Valencia orange and Marsh grapefruit trees were studied for three years. Several development patterns were found, some of which were relatively consistent for the different varieties or years of study. The sequence of anthesis on an inflorescence was: apical flower first, then basal flower, then the subapical flower. Terminals on which the earlier flowers appeared tended to have more inflorescences than those on which flowers appeared later. Inflorescences on which earlier flowers appeared also produced more flowers than those which began flowering later. Inflorescences that began flowering later were more likely to have leaves or have a greater number of leaves than earlier inflorescences. More than half of the inflorescences carried no leaves, and most of these had one flower. No evidence of a relationship between number of flowers and length of the inflorescence was found. Fruit set occurred primarily during the latter part of the flowering period. Many fruit were set on inflorescences without leaves, but on the basis of percent of flowers setting fruit, inflorescences with leaves were more productive. The greatest fruit set occurred in the subapical position on the inflorescence. With growth changes these fruit often appeared to be developing in the apical position. These patterns generally differed little from year to year. Variations may have been due to the differences in the number of flowers produced by the trees. Results were also similar between Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Patterns on Marsh grapefruit resembled those for the oranges but were frequently less consistent.
Gender and Achievement Status Differences on Learning Factors Among Black High School Students.

AbstractRecent investigations have established strong causal relationships between higher achievement outcomes among students and their increased use of specific learning strategies and meta-cognitive processes. Moreover, it has become increasingly evident that even the lowest achieving students can be taught to improve their achievement outcomes through the use of specific learning strategies. Yet, among Black high school students in urban schools and especially among Black high school males, achievement outcomes continue to be disappointingly low. The authors felt that an examination of the use of learning strategies among a sample of these students might provide some useful information. The present study examined differences between high, average, and low achieving Black male and female high school students on measures of learning and study behavior, as well as on motivation and attitude. The results indicated significant differences between high and low achievers and between male and female students o...
Photo-induced free radicals on a simulated Martian surface

Results of an electron spin resonance study of free radicals in the ultraviolet irradiation of a simulated Martian surface suggest that the ultraviolet photolysis of CO or CO2, or a mixture of both, adsorbed on silica gel at minus 170 C involves the formation of OH radicals and possibly of H atoms as the primary process, followed by the formation of CO2H radicals. It is concluded that the photochemical synthesis of organic compounds could occur on Mars if the siliceous surface dust contains enough silanol groups and/or adsorbed H2O in the form of bound water.
The excitability and rhythm of medullary respiratory neurons in the cat are altered by the serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N, dimethyltryptamine

Abstract 5-Methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) is an indolealkylamine which has agonist activity at 5HT receptors. In the present investigation, 5-MeODMT had two types of effects on medullary respiratory neurons of the cat. Iontophoretic administration or i.v. doses (43 ± 8.9 μg/kg) of 5-MeODMT hyperpolarized respiratory neurons and severely reduced action potential discharges. Cinanserin, a 5HT-2/1 c receptor antagonist, when injected i.v. reduced the inhibition produced by i.v. injection of 5-MeODMT. Iontophoresis of cinanserin did not antagonize inhibition produced by iontophoresis of 5-MeODMT or 5-HT. The depression of respiratory discharge by i.v. injection of 5-MeODMT is attributed to presynaptic effects (network depression) and post-synaptic activation of 5HT-1A receptors on respiratory neurons. 5-MeODMT (27 ± 2.78 μg/kg i.v.) also increased discharge frequency of inspiratory and expiratory neurons. Inspiratory neuron discharges were briefer and expiratory neuron discharges occurred earlier in relation to phrenic nerve activity. It is suggested that the effects of the smaller doses are due to binding of 5-MeODMT to 5HT-1A receptors on early inspiratory neurons of the medulla.
Germination induction and inactivation of Clostridium spores at medium-range hydrostatic pressure treatment

Germination-inductions and inactivation, following pressurization of four Clostridium species/strains between 138 and 483 MPa at 25° and 50 °C, were studied. Germination-inductions ranged between <1% and 99%. Pressurization at 483 MPa and 50 °C for 5 min inactivated C. tertium spores by over 2.5 log cycles; under similar conditions, inactivation of three other Clostridium species, namely C. perfringens, C. sporogenes and C. laramie, had only 0.1 or 0.2 log cycle. When an effective antibacterial compound was incorporated into the plating medium, the pressure-induced spores and spores during post-pressurization storage germinated, outgrew and were killed before their multiplication. Such an antibacterial compound could be used in pressure-processed food to control Clostridium growth. Industrial relevance: This paper addresses the important issue of ambient temperature—high pressure inactivation via high pressure induced germination of spores and subsequent inactivation of then pressure sensitive vegetative cells. The data achieved are of high interest since they suggest new combined processing concepts such as the use of suitable antimicrobial compounds to inactivate the germinated spores.
Zebrafish Development and Genetics: Introducing Undergraduates to Developmental Biology and Genetics in a Large Introductory Laboratory Class

Abstract We have taken advantage of the strengths of the zebrafish model system to introduce developmental biology and genetics to undergraduates in their second semester of the Introductory Biology course at Emory. We designed a 6-week laboratory module based on research being undertaken by faculty in the department, and incorporated experiments that used current research methods including bioinformatics. Students undertook a range of experiments including direct observation of live wild-type zebrafish at different stages of embryogenesis, whole-mount in situ hybridization of mutant and wild-type embryos, vital dye staining of mutant and wild-type embryos, and pharmacological treatments to perturb normal development. These laboratories engaged the students by providing a hands-on, research-centered experience, while also enhancing their written (worksheets and laboratory reports) and oral (group presentation) communication skills. We describe the proceedings of each lab and the logistics of preparing and...
A concise approach to the synthesis of opp-dibenzoporphyrins through the Heck reaction.

A concise approach to the synthesis of functionalized opp-dibenzoporphyrins is described. In this method, introduction of alkenyl groups to the porphyrin periphery through the vicinal 2-fold Heck reaction, 6-π electrocyclization, and subsequent aromatization occur in one pot.
Society a chapter news

Provides several short items that may include society events, news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
The impact of change in pregnancy body mass index on the development of gestational hypertensive disorders

To examine the impact of change in body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy on the incidence of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia. This is a retrospective cohort study using linked California birth certificate and discharge diagnosis data from the year 2007. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the outcome of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia, as a function of a categorical change in pregnancy BMI: BMI loss ( 10). The impact of change in pregnancy BMI was evaluated for the entire cohort and then as a function of prepregnancy BMI category. Women with no change in pregnancy BMI served as the reference group. The study population consisted of 436 414 women with singleton gestations. Overall, women with excessive BMI change had a nearly twofold increased odds of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia (aOR=1.94; 95% CI=1.72 to 2.20). By prepregnancy BMI class, overweight and obese women who had a moderate change in pregnancy BMI also had increased odds of developing gestational hypertension/preeclampsia with aOR ranging from 1.73 to 1.97. Regardless of prepregnancy BMI category, women with excessive BMI change have a higher chance of developing gestational hypertension/preeclampsia. Overweight and obese women with moderate BMI change may also be at increased risk.
Sexual Functioning as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Masculinity and Men's Adjustment Following Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Men's enactment of traditional masculine norms may contribute to their adjustment to changes in sexual functioning following treatment for prostate cancer. In the present investigation, the authors test this hypothesis by examining the moderating role of sexual functioning on the relationship between men's adherence to masculine norms and their social, role, and mental health functioning. Results of regression analyses indicate that men with poor sexual functioning evince poor social, role, and mental health functioning when they more strongly adhere to traditional masculine norms. Participants with good sexual functioning, in contrast, exhibit positive social, role, and mental health functioning when they more strongly adhere to traditional norms of masculinity. Directions for future clinical research and treatment interventions are provided.
R&D managers' choices of development policies in simulated R&D environments

This paper describes the results of some experiments, based on a research and development (R&D) game that examined R&D managers' proclivities for various options that hedge against uncertainty and the overall quality of their choices with respect to the Bayesian decision-theoretic model. Thirty R&D managers participated in the experiments, which were conducted at an industrial R&D facility. R&D managers exhibited a higher proclivity for parallel approaches in information acquisition but a lower propensity for parallel approaches in terminal actions, with respect to the Bayesian norm.
GENDER DISPARITY IN THE NEW ACC/AHA RECOMMENDED REPERFUSION TIME IN ACUTE STEMI PATIENTS

The 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association STEMI guidelines have changed and now recommend that time from first medical contact in the field to device (C2D) time be <90 minutes in patients presenting with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Annealing characteristics of boron‐ and phosphorus‐implanted polycrystalline silicon

Polycrystalline silicon films implanted with 1×1012 to 7.8×1015/cm2 doses of boron and phosphorus were isochronally annealed up to 1100 °C. Annealing below 600 °C removes the radiation damage created by the implantation process. For doses higher than 1×1014/cm2 an abrupt decrease in sheet resistance takes place between 650 and 700 °C. Hall measurements show that this decrease is the result of a large increase in both the carrier concentration and mobility. Electron‐reflection diffraction patterns show that recrystallization takes place within this temperature range. Annealing above 700 °C only causes a small further decrease in the sheet resistance.
Angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass in octogenarians

Abstract We retrospectively analyzed early and late results for two treatment strategies of significant coronary artery disease in 310 octogenarians seen in the last 10 years. One hundred five patients 80 or more years of age had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and 205 had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The PTCA group differed from the CABG group in having a greater proportion of women (71.4% versus 45.8%; p p p p p p < 0.0001). Hospital mortality was 8.57% after PTCA ( 9 / 14 failed PTCA) and 5.8% after CABG ( 4 / 14 emergent, 6 / 101 urgent, and 2 / 90 elective). Hospital stay was 7 ± 0.9 days after PTCA and 14 ± 1.5 days after CABG ( p p p p
Collaborative Counselor and Medical Training at a Family Practice Residency Program: A Sharing of the Experience:

There is growing interest in collaborative clinical work between physicians and counselors. The reactions of a Ph.D.-level, counselor-in-training, a medical student, and a family practice resident to collaborative systems clinical training at a family practice residency program are given in this article. The initial impressions of the teaching model, the impressions of the content and process of the model, the benefits and struggles with the model, and how the experience changed their views of behavioral science training are addressed in the responses.
Epithelial Cell-Derived S100 Calcium-Binding Proteins as Key Mediators in the Hallmark Acute Neutrophil Response during Candida Vaginitis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida species, is a significant problem in women of childbearing age. Similar to clinical observations, a robust vaginal polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration occurs in a subset of mice without affecting vaginal fungal burden. We hypothesize that the vaginal PMN infiltrate and accompanying inflammation are not protective but instead are responsible for the symptoms of infection. The purpose of this study was to identify the signal(s) associated with the PMN response in the established mouse model. Vaginal lavage fluid from inoculated mice were categorized base on PMN counts, evaluated for PMN chemotactic activity and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry (MS) for unique protein identification. The lavage fluid from inoculated mice with high, but not low, PMN levels showed increased chemotactic activity. Likewise, SDS-PAGE of lavage fluid with high PMN levels showed distinct protein patterns. MS revealed that bands at 6 and 14 kDa matched the PMN chemotactic calcium-binding proteins (CBPs), S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The presence of the CBPs in lavage fluid was confirmed by Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vaginal tissues and epithelial cells from inoculated mice with high PMN levels stained more intensely and exhibited increased mRNA transcripts for both proteins compared to those in mice with low PMN levels. Subsequent antibody neutralization showed significant abrogation of the chemotactic activity when the lavage fluid was treated with anti-S100A8, but not anti-S100A9, antibodies. These results reveal that the PMN chemotactic CBP S100A8 and S100A9 are produced by vaginal epithelial cells following interaction with Candida and that S100A8 is a strong candidate responsible for the robust PMN migration during experimental VVC.
A Higher-Order Analysis of Basic Linkages for Harmonic Motion Generation

Analyse des mecanismes elementaires generant des mouvements harmoniques. On tient compte dans les developpements en serie des termes de degre egal ou supereur a 2
Fingerprinting petroporphyrin structures with vibrational spectroscopy. Part 6: resonance Raman characterization of regioisomers of nickel(II) benzoetioporphyrin

Abstract Nickel(II) complexes of the geochemically significant four regioisomers of benzoetioporphyrin, Ni(BP–A–D), which contain a benzene ring fused onto the C β atoms of a pyrrole ring, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Laser excitations in resonance with the porphyrin Soret (406.7 nm) and Q (530.9 and 568.2 nm) electronic absorption bands exposed nearly all Raman active vibrations in the fingerprint region (100–1700 cm −1 ). The porphyrin skeletal vibrations above 1300 cm –1 are largely unaffected by the different location of the β,β-benzo exocyclic ring, but their frequencies indicate slightly more planar structures in solution for Ni(BP) porphyrins relative to nickel tetrahydrobenzo- and etioporphyrins. Several unique marker bands are also found for vibrations of the β,β-benzo substituent, especially in the Soret-band resonant spectra. Alkyl substituent and porphyrin skeletal vibrations in the low- (350–550 cm −1 ) and mid-frequency (750–1300 cm −1 ) regions show striking sensitivity to small conformational changes in the porphyrin, allowing the four Ni(BP) regioisomers to be readily distinguished.
Phase equilibria in the system Cd—Te∗

Abstract The system Cd-Te. was studied as a function of composition temperature and component pressure over the entire range. The maximum controlled Cd pressure that may be imposed on solid CdTe is 6.7 atm. Similarly for Te2 pressure, the limit is about 1.6 atm. The consequence of such a maximum pressure, which also applies to the liquidus, is discussed. The present results then form a foundation for a basic investigation of the semiconductor properties of CdTe in a thermodynamically better understood system.
Incorporation of Δ3-lsopentenyl pyrophosphate into lycopene in tomato homogenate

Abstract C14-labeled Δ3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate was incorporated into the nonsaponifiable fraction and lycopene in tomato homogenates. The efficiency of incorporation was estimated to be about forty times that of mevalonic acid-2-C14. In the presence of iodoacetamide or under N2, no labeling was observed in lycopene.
An Implantable Device Design Concept for Ocular Drug Delivery

New drugs for curing eye diseases have been developing for a decade and are very unique for each eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is estimated that 1.6 million adults in the US over the age of 50 and above suffer from age-related macular degeneration and about 200,000 cases are diagnosed annually. Worldwide, about 500,000 cases are diagnosed annually [1]. Drugs currently utilized for AMD are delivered via repeated intravitreal injections of the drug into the eye. Risks of repeated intravitreal injections can include intraocular infections (endophthalmitis), intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Also, reducing the frequency of dosing will clearly benefit the patient by reducing the need for risky intravitreal injections and improving the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the eye. The eye disease of posterior segment (Dry and Wet) has limits to deliver the drug to retina region using typical eye drop. The drug injection using a needle with syringe can deliver but it barely provide right amount of doses, or over doses that may cause more severe problem such as swelling, fatigue, and damaging photoreceptor molecules. Furthermore, most drugs run away in a month so that repeated injection is necessary. Developing an implantable drug delivery device will help reduce the costs and risks associated with frequent injections and facilitate delivering the drug in a controlled manner and in the required amounts, and improve therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. This study focuses on the design, simulation and development of the implantable ocular drug delivery device.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Undergraduate robot design at West Virginia University

One of the options for students in mechanical engineering at West Virginia University is to participate in a 'robot design' course for their capstone design experience. For the past two years, the project has involved the construction of an autonomous mobile robot for entry in an international competition. This paper describes the design of the 1994-5 robot, reports on its status and offers observations on both the design and some of the pedagogical aspects of the class.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Online variable-sized bin packing

Abstract The classical bin packing problem is one of the best-known and most widely studied problems of combinatorial optimization. Efficient offline approximation algorithms have recently been designed and analyzed for the more general and realistic model in which bins of differing capacities are allowed (Friesen and Langston (1986)). In this paper, we consider fast online algorithms for this challenging model. Selecting either the smallest or the largest available bin size to begin a new bin as pieces arrive turns out to yield a tight worst-case ratio of 2. We devise a slightly more complicated scheme that uses the largest available bin size for small pieces, and selects bin sizes for large pieces based on a user-specified fill factor ƒ≥ 1 2 , and prove that this strategy guarantees a worst-case bound not exceeding 1.5+ ƒ 2 .
Second-Law Analysis in Heat Transfer and Thermal Design

This review is devoted to the introduction of second-law analysis in heat transfer and entropy generation minimization in thermal design. The presentation proceeds from the derivation of the Gouy-Stodola theorem, the basis for entropy generation minimization in the conceptual design of heat transfer equipment. Appropriate analytical tools, such as the entropy generation number, are devised for the task of estimating the destruction of available work in the processes involving heat transfer. However, the entropy generation number concept is considerably more general, since it can be used to quantitatively describe the degree of irreversibility of engineering components and processes which do not draw their irreversibility solely from heat transfer. The examples considered in this article range from the irreversibility associated with some of the most fundamental convective heat transfer processes to the minimum irreversibility design of one-dimensional insulations such as the main counterflow heat exchanger of a helium liquefaction plant.
Acceleration and cooling effects in laminar boundary layers - Subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds

Subsonic, transonic and supersonic laminar boundary layers acceleration and cooling effects, discussing heat transfer and gas enthalpy
A reply to Robeyns, Peter and Davis

It would be hard for me to pretend that I can be an objective observer commenting on this symposium, but I do not think I am being very subjective in greatly appreciating the importance of the cont...
Zolpidem Urine Excretion Profiles and Cross-Reactivity with ELISA® Kits in Subjects Using Zolpidem or Ambien® CR as a Prescription Sleep Aid

Zolpidem, a Schedule IV controlled substance under the Federal Controlled Substance Act, has a rapid onset of action and short elimination half-life, rendering it ideal as a sleep aid. The crossreactivity of two zolpidem ELISA kits was investigated using patients taking a known administration of zolpidem. Subjects provided urine samples before, 30 min after their prescribed dose, and upon waking. Specimens were screened for zolpidem by ELISA (Immunalysis and Neogen) and then confirmed and quantitated for zolpidem using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation in select ion monitoring mode. All samples were measured for creatinine and corrected accordingly. The ELISA screening results demonstrated that all samples, except one, screened positive by ELISA using both kits, even when the GC-MS data found no zolpidem in the patient's urine sample. The maximum concentrations of zolpidem ranged from 15 to 120 ng/mg creatinine. Two of the patients showed zolpidem concentrations of 10 ng/mg creatinine or above after 20 h post dose. The high variability and concentration range seen in these patients, all on similar doses, suggest wide variability in the metabolism of zolpidem.
Functionalized Magnetonanoparticles in Visualization of Intracranial Tumors on MRI

The development of nonradioactive and targeted magnetonanoparticles (MNP) capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and of concentrating in and enhancing the contrast of intracranial tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nonradioactive 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) was covalently attached to magnetonanoparticles composed of iron oxide and dextran and prepared for intravenous (tail) injection in the naive rats and mouse models of glioma. MR images were acquired at 3 and 7 T. 2DG-MNP increased tumor visibility and improved delineation of tumor margins. Histopathology confirmed that 2DG-MNP crossed the BBB and accumulated within brain parenchyma. Nonradioactive 2DG-MNP can cross an intact BBB on and improve visualization of tumor and tumor margins on MRI.
Transdiaphragmatic Rupture of Hepatic Abscess Producing Purulent Pericarditis and Pericardial Tamponade

A 44-year-old homeless male presented to the emergency department with a 6-hour history of pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and generalized weakness. He had an episode of acute cholecystitis 2 years prior, for which he received a cholecystostomy tube and intravenous antibiotics at another hospital. He had been scheduled in clinic for tube removal and elective cholecystectomy, but he had not shown up for his appointment. The tube had remained in place, and he continued to manually drain the cholecystostomy bag once a day for the past 2 years. On review of systems, we noted low-grade fever with night sweats, progressive abdominal distention, and intermittent abdominal discomfort. In the emergency department, he was tachycardic and hypotensive. Marked jugular venous distension, faint heart sounds, clear lungs, and a distended diffusely tender abdomen with a protruding cholecystostomy tube were noted on examination. The ECG showed sinus tachycardia and diffuse ST segment elevation and PR segment …
Calendars and Software

Abstract Meteorologists need to be able to manipulate arbitrary dates in the past, present, and future. Here calendar rules for both the Julian (old) and Gregorian (modern) calendars are reviewed. The author describes free software available online to perform calendrical conversions involving (day, month, year), (day of the year, year), and Julian day number for both the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
Depolarized light scattering from shear waves in aniline and quinoline

The spectrum of depolarized light scattered at 90° from aniline and quinoline was analyzed near the exciting frequency in order to determine the frequencies of thermal shear waves that exist in the liquids as a function of temperature. The light source was a multimode He-Ne laser and the analyzing instrument was a pressure scanned Fabry–Perot interferometer. The results of the investigation indicate that the shear wave frequency rises with temperature in the vicinity of room temperature.
“He who sits in the heavens laughs”: Recovering Animal Theology in the Abrahamic Traditions

When I wandered into the “vast ocean of the Talmud” a decade or so ago, unaware of the warning within the same texts that Gentiles who undertake the study of Jewish sacred literature should be put to death, I finally found what I had been seeking for years. Here at last was a glimpse of God's personality–His likes and dislikes, His idiosyncracies, His religious observances. To my delight, I also dis-covered in the tractate 'Abodah Zarah the answer to another mystery. What does God do all day?
Technical Considerations in the Design of a CAI System

Summary This paper is an attempt to review some of the important technical factors which must be critically evaluated if a successful system for computer‐assisted instruction is to be selected, assembled and brought into smooth operation.
Genetic studies in marine fishes. IV. An analysis of population structure in the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) using mitochondrial DNA

Abstract Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was examined among 397 individuals representing 13 geographic samples of red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ). Five of the samples were from the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States, and eight were from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Seventy-six mtDNA haplotypes were found: eight haplotypes were found in 13 or more individuals, ten were found in four to 12 individuals, 22 were found in two to three individuals, and 36 were found in only one individual each. Mitochondrial DNA nucleon diversity values within samples ranged from 0.850 to 1.000; the value over all fish surveyed was 0.943. These data indicate that red drum have at least “normal” levels of genetic variability. Estimates of the percentage nucleotide sequence divergence among the 76 mtDNA haplotypes ranged from 0.137 to 1.962, with a mean (±SE) of 0.803 ± 0.006. Heterogeneity in the frequencies of four haplotypes was detected between pooled samples from the Atlantic vs. pooled samples from the Gulf. No heterogeneity was detected among samples from the Atlantic or among samples from the Gulf. F ST values (a measure of the variance in mtDNA haplotype frequencies) over the four heterogeneous haplotypes ranged from 0.019 to 0.137 (mean F ST = 0.057), and the effective number of female migrants ( N e m ) per generation using Wright's island model ranged from 1.58 to 12.91 (mean N e m = 4.14). The average percentage nucleotide sequence divergence within samples ranged from 0.494 to 0.734, with a mean (±SE) of 0.574 ± 0.021. The percentage nucleotide sequence divergence among pairwise comparisons of samples ranged from 0.498 to 0.713, with a mean (±SE) of 0.571 ± 0.005. Parsimony and phenetic analyses of individuall mtDNA haplotypes and of sample localities revealed no strong evidence for geographic cohesion of haplotype or sample groupings. A matrix correlation (Mantel) test also revealed no significant association between matrices of mtDNA sequence divergence and geographic distance among sample localities. Collectively, these data indicate that the red drum population is weakly subdivided, with semi-isolated subpopulations occurring along the southeastern Atlantic coast and in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The large number of rare or unique mtDNA haplotypes found in the study may prove useful in evaluating the success of red drum stocking programs.
Digital landscape modeling and visualization: a research agenda

Abstract Digital landscape models, whether made for purposes of ‘visual inference’, or for simulating and understanding behavior or other invisible aspects of the landscape, require abstractions and simplifications. Yet for many visual purposes, ‘realistic’ depictions are desirable. The conflicts between these two demands are substantial for landscape modelers. For the basic landscape elements — terrain, vegetation, and water — some standard techniques for convincing static visual representation have been developed, but many complicating questions and obstacles remain. In addition, landscapes are essentially dynamic, and digital techniques for representation of these dynamics are still in their infancy. Surveying these techniques, complications, and possibilities leads to some generalized comments about the promises and problems of landscape modeling, and to a handful of proposed research topics to help pursue the landscape modeling agenda.
Neutrino physics: What makes the Sun shine

Neutrinos produced in the nuclear reaction that triggers solar-energy generation have been detected. This milestone in the search for solar neutrinos required a deep underground detector of exceptional sensitivity. See Article p.383 The Sun's energy output derives from a sequence of nuclear reactions that converts hydrogen into helium, most of it from the fusion of two protons (the proton–proton or pp reaction) accompanied by the release of a low-energy neutrino. These neutrinos have proved elusive: only solar neutrinos from secondary reactions had been directly observed. But here the Borexino collaboration reports observations of the pp neutrinos themselves, so providing a direct view of the principal fusion process that powers the Sun.
Dissociative electron attachment in chlorofluoromethanes and the correlation with vertical attachment energies

Abstract The total dissociative electron attachment (DEA) cross sections of the chlorofluoromethanes are determined in an electron beam experiment and correlated with the vertical attachment energies (VAEs) for formation of the lowest temporary anion states of these compounds. The latter are determined independently by electron transmission spectroscopy and correspond to the energies of the anions at the equilibrium geometries of the neutral molecules. As we observed previously in the chloroalkanes, the peak DEA cross sections are well correlated with VAEs. For values of VAEs between 0.9 to 3.0 eV, the peak DEA cross sections vary by more than four orders of magnitude. This is attributable in part to the remarkably monotonic variation of the temporary anion widths, arising from their finite lifetimes, over this range of VAE.
THE USE OF HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS ROTAVIRUS ANTIBODIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS

Rotavirus is an important cause of serious gastroenteritis in children. One possible strategy for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis is the oral administration of rotavirus specific immunoglobulin. We utilized a mouse model of rotavirus infection to examine the efficacy of rotavirus antibody for the prevention of symptomatic rotavirus diarrhea. This model consists of the feeding of seronegative infant mice a predetermined amount of murine rotavirus and antibody and then assaying the animals for intestinal antigen excretion, liquid colonic contents, and immune response. We found that mouse serum containing homologous antibodies to murine rotavirus completely protected animals from symptomatic infection and viral shedding while non-immune serum provided no protection. Neither immune nor non-immune mouse milk offered any protection from infection. In the case of heterologous sources of sera obtained from animals experimentally infected with human or bovine rotaviruses, and antibodies derived from the yolks of eggs obtained from chickens immunized with rotaviruses full protection was provided from symptomatic disease. Non-immune sera and immune human milk did not protect the animal from infection. The majority of the animals treated with effective specific immunoglobulin preparations developed a rotavirus systemic antibody response. These studies indicate that homologous and heterologous sources of rotavirus antibodies can provide protection from rotavirus diarrhea and may allow for active immunity to occur.