cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiologist Identification of Occult Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Cysts on MRI.

Background Occult dorsal ganglion cysts (ODGC) require imaging or an operation for detection. It is currently unknown how often a radiologist identifies an ODGC on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whether surgeon indication for MRI aids the radiologist in detection. Questions/Purposes The aim of the study was to investigate the following questions: how accurately do radiologists identify ODGC on MRIs? What factors may be associated with missed ODGCs? Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied patients who underwent an operation for an ODGC and had a preoperative wrist MRI. Radiology report and surgeon's notes were evaluated to determine whether identification of the ODGC was noted and whether the surgeon indicated that the MRI was to evaluate for an ODGC. MRIs were reviewed, dimensions of cysts measured and volume of cyst calculated. Results Twenty-four patients and 25 MRIs were analyzed. The radiologist identified the ODGC in 19 cases (76%). Fifteen of the 25 MRIs (60%) ordered had ODGC listed in the requisition comment by the ordering surgeon. Thirteen of these 15 (87%) ODGCs were seen by the radiologist. Ten of the 25 MRIs (40%) ordered did not mention ODGC in the requisition. Six of these 10 (60%) ODGCs were seen by the radiologist. The volume of the ODGCs missed by radiologists was smaller (mean, 0.049 cm3) than those the radiologists identified (mean, 0.31 cm3; p = 0.004). Conclusions Radiologists will not always identify the ODGC on an MRI, but they were more likely to if the surgeon was concerned for one. Hand surgeons should report suspicion of an ODGC on MRI requisition and review all imaging independently. Level of Evidence This is a Level III, prognostic study.
How to Untie a Protein Knot.

The origin of protein backbone threading through a topological knot remains elusive. To understand the evolutionary origin of protein knots, in this issue of Structure Ko et al. (2019) used circular permutation to untie a knotted protein. They showed that a domain-swapped dimer releases the knot and the associated high-energy state for substrate binding.
On Low Radial Thrust Spacecraft Motion

Orbital motion of spacecraft under the action of constant radial thrust acceleration admits closed-form solutions. If the orbit is circular before thrusting begins, some analytical results of practical interest are known to exist. In particular, it is now well understood that when the radial thrust acceleration is sufficiently small, the spacecraft starting from an initial circular orbit cannot reach escape conditions. Under such conditions, it will attain a maximum radius (“apogee”) along an outbound trajectory. If the radial thrust acceleration is maintained even beyond this point, the vehicle returns to the initial radius along an inbound trajectory. An interesting property of this problem is that whereas the time intervals for these outbound and inbound trajectories are identical, the trajectories themselves are very different from one another. The primary contribution of this paper is to investigate this feature, which we accomplish by constructing a Poincare map associated with the governing dynamics. Such a construction is shown to be canonical in the sense that the phase space of this dynamical system is approximately periodic. All the analysis for this problem is developed using analytically determined relations governed by an incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind. These equations may be viewed as generalizations to Kepler’s equation for the low radial thrust acceleration problem.
Mathematical Fiction as an Interdisciplinary Source for Mathematics Courses: Resources and Recommendations

The purpose of this essay is to (1) define the notions of mathematics, literature, and mathematical fiction; (2) describe a resource-rich database for mathematical fiction; (3) discuss the rationale for using mathematical fiction in a mathematics course; (4) provide and discuss one selected exemplar of mathematical fiction; and (5) make recommendations for the use of mathematical fiction in a mathematics course. The following sections will provide details of each objective.
Injury Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Trauma: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

BACKGROUND The clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after trauma is largely unknown. We sought to compare the clinical course of patients with IBD to those without. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adult patients admitted to a level-1 trauma center from January 1, 2008, through October 1, 2015. Seventy-five patients with IBD were identified. Cases were matched to controls by age, sex, injury severity, and mechanism using 4:1 propensity score-matching analysis. Injury characteristics, clinical course, and infectious and noninfectious complications were compared using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 56 years and mean injury severity score of 15. Of the 75 cases, 44% had ulcerative colitis, 44% had Crohn's disease, and 12% had undetermined type. More cases were on an immunosuppressant (19% vs 2%, P < 0.01) or steroids (8% vs 2%, P = 0.02) on admission compared with controls. More cases had prior abdominal surgery (P = 0.01). Cases had fewer brain injuries (P = 0.02) and higher admission Glasgow Coma Scale (P < 0.01) but required more neurosurgical intervention (P = 0.03). Cases required more orthopedic surgeries (P < 0.01) and more pain management consultations (P = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, IBD was associated with increased odds of operative intervention, pain management consultation, venous thromboembolism, and longer hospital stay (P < 0.05). Patients on immunosuppressants had increased odds of requiring surgery (P = 0.04), particularly orthopedic surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Baseline factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease may place patients at higher risk for surgery and complications after trauma.
Transcriptome signature of ventricular arrhythmia in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals increased fibrosis and activated TP53.

Abstract Aims One-third of DCM patients experience ventricular tachycardia (VT), but a clear biological basis for this has not been established. The purpose of this study was to identify transcriptome signatures and enriched pathways in the hearts of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients with VT. Methods and results We used RNA-sequencing in explanted heart tissue from 49 samples: 19 DCM patients with VT, 16 DCM patients without VT, and 14 non-failing controls. We compared each DCM cohort to the controls and identified the genes that were differentially expressed in DCM patients with VT but not without VT. Differentially expressed genes were evaluated using pathway analysis, and pathways of interest were investigated by qRT-PCR validation, Western blot, and microscopy. There were 590 genes differentially expressed in DCM patients with VT that are not differentially expressed in patients without VT. These genes were enriched for genes in the TGFs1 and TP53 signaling pathways. Increased fibrosis and activated TP53 signaling was demonstrated in heart tissue of DCM patients with VT. Conclusions Our study supports that distinct biological mechanisms distinguish ventricular arrhythmia in DCM patients.
Data Visualization and Statistical Literacy for Open and Big Data

This is a well written book, offering excellent exposure to visualize and learn from the data. A basic knowledge of statistical theory is enough to read and comprehend this book. This book is dedic...
Multiscale integration organizes hierarchical computation in human auditory cortex

To derive meaning from sound, the brain must integrate information across tens (e.g. phonemes) to hundreds (e.g. words) of milliseconds, but the neural computations that enable multiscale integration remain unclear. Prior evidence suggests that human auditory cortex analyzes sound using both generic acoustic features (e.g. spectrotemporal modulation) and category-specific computations, but how these putatively distinct computations integrate temporal information is unknown. To answer this question, we developed a novel method to estimate neural integration periods and applied the method to intracranial recordings from human epilepsy patients. We show that integration periods increase three-fold as one ascends the auditory cortical hierarchy. Moreover, we find that electrodes with short integration periods (~50-150 ms) respond selectively to spectrotemporal modulations, while electrodes with long integration periods (~200-300 ms) show prominent selectivity for sound categories such as speech and music. These findings reveal how multiscale temporal analysis organizes hierarchical computation in human auditory cortex.
Late Stabilization of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Without Treatment: A Case Report.

Case Approximately three-quarters of neonates with unstable hips will spontaneously stabilize without treatment in the first few weeks of life. This report presents the long-term follow-up of an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hips that stabilized at an older age and without any orthopaedic treatment. Conclusions Factors contributing to the spontaneous stabilization in this case included the patient's self-selected lower extremity position of comfort with hips flexed, abducted, and externally rotated; her delayed walking; and her light body weight.
Comparing Drone-Derived Elevation Data with Air-Borne LiDAR to Analyze Coastal Sea Level Rise at the Local Level

Sea level rise is a coastal hazard leading to erosion, flooding, and habitat destruction among other effects. Geoinformatics plays a vital role in providing tools to assess coastal vulnerability. R...
Adrenal Ganglioneuroma Presenting as an Incidentaloma in an Adolescent Patient.

Objective In an adult endocrine clinic, the majority of patients referred for evaluation of an incidentally discovered adrenal mass are aged more than 30 years, for which many national and international societies have developed management guidelines. However, adrenal incidentalomas in children and young adults are uncommon. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman with an incidentally discovered right-sided adrenal mass. Methods We present the adrenal tests, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging results and treatment of a young woman with an adrenal mass that proved to be a ganglioneuroma. Results A computed tomography scan showed a 2.2 × 2.6 cm right-sided adrenal mass with noncontrast Hounsfield units >10 and <50% washout. Magnetic resonance imaging was not typical of a lipid-rich adenoma. Blood and urine tests demonstrated normal secretion of cortisol, aldosterone, adrenal androgens, and catecholamines. Based on the patient's age and imaging studies, she underwent a right adrenalectomy, removing a 2.2 × 2.0 × 2.7-cm ganglioneuroma. Conclusion The differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass in children and adolescents is quite different compared with adult patients. There are no standardized guidelines for the management of adrenal masses in these younger age groups, although some authors recommend removing all adrenal masses, regardless of size or imaging characteristics, in all children aged more than 3 months. This case emphasizes how the management of adrenal masses in pediatric patients and young adults differs from guidelines published by endocrine and urologic societies.
Unilateral Relapsing Primary Angiitis of the CNS: An Entity Suggesting Differences in the Immune Response Between the Cerebral Hemispheres.

Objective To determine whether studying patients with strictly unilateral relapsing primary angiitis of the CNS (UR-PACNS) can support hemispheric differences in immune response mechanisms, we reviewed characteristics of a group of such patients. Methods We surveiled our institution for patients with UR-PACNS, after characterizing one such case. We defined UR-PACNS as PACNS with clinical and radiographic relapses strictly recurring in 1 brain hemisphere, with or without hemiatrophy. PACNS must have been biopsy proven. Three total cases were identified at our institution. A literature search for similar reports yielded 4 additional cases. The combined 7 cases were reviewed for demographic, clinical, imaging, and pathologic trends. Results The median age at time of clinical onset among the 7 cases was 26 years (range 10–49 years); 5 were male (71%). All 7 patients presented with seizures. The mean follow-up duration was 7.5 years (4–14.1 years). The annualized relapse rate ranged between 0.2 and 1. UR-PACNS involved the left cerebral hemisphere in 5 of the 7 patients. There was no consistent relationship between the patient9s dominant hand and the diseased side. When performed (5 cases), conventional angiogram was nondiagnostic. CSF examination showed nucleated cells and protein levels in normal range in 3 cases and ranged from 6 to 11 cells/μL and 49 to 110 mg/dL in 4 cases, respectively. All cases were diagnosed with lesional biopsy, showing lymphocytic type of vasculitis of the small- and medium-sized vessels. Patients treated with steroids alone showed progression. Induction therapy with cyclophosphamide or rituximab followed by a steroid sparing agent resulted in the most consistent disease remission. Conclusions Combining our 3 cases with others reported in the literature allows better clinical understanding about this rare and extremely puzzling disease entity. We hypothesize that a functional difference in immune responses, caused by such discrepancies as basal levels of cytokines, asymmetric distribution of microglia, and differences in modulation of the systemic immune functions, rather than a structural antigenic difference, between the right and left brain may explain this phenomenon, but this is speculative.
Ore's condition for hamiltonicity in tough graphs

Let $G$ be a $t$-tough graph on $n\ge 3$ vertices for some $t>0$. It was shown by Bauer et al. in 1995 that if the minimum degree of $G$ is greater than $\frac{n}{t+1}-1$, then $G$ is hamiltonian. In terms of Ore's conditions in this direction, the problem was only studied when $t$ is between 1 and 2. In this paper, we show that if the degree sum of any two nonadjacent vertices of $G$ is greater than $\frac{2n}{t+1}+t-2$, then $G$ is hamiltonian.
Institutional Inequality and the Mobilization of the Family and Medical Leave Act: Institutional Inequality and Legal Reform

DESPITE THEIR HISTORY OF EXCLUSION FROM WORK, TODAY it is generally accepted that women and people with disabilities can be legitimate workers, and that parents with the responsibility of caring for children can and – at least in the context of welfare policy – should work (Orloff 2002). At the same time, it seems natural and normal to many people that part-time workers be laid off before full-time workers regardless of seniority, that employers be able to fire workers who miss some work because of serious illnesses or disabilities, that employers not be required to accommodate absences resulting from morning sickness or the normal physical challenges of pregnancy, and that employers control work schedules, including requiring overtime or changing workers' schedules with no notice. These expectations have begun to change, however. Some states now provide paid family leave and require employers to accommodate pregnancy-related restrictions (Albiston 2005, 2007). The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) requires employers to provide pregnant workers with at least the same leave protections as they provide to other workers who are similar in their inability to work. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifically states that modified schedules can be a reasonable accommodation within the meaning of the Act. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) requires employers to grant leave to qualified employees when those workers are seriously ill, are needed to care for seriously ill family members, or need time off for pregnancy, childbirth, or to care for a new child in the family.
Relationship of phasic and static strength and endurance

(1966). Relationship of Phasic and Static Strength and Endurance. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 435-437.
Phonology and Phonetics, Acquisition of

During their first year infants discover the elementary sound units that are used to form words in their native language. During their second year they begin to produce these sound units and acquire the structure of their native language. Keywords: speech perception; phonetic segments; speech production; language acquisition; morphophonology
Proteolytic balance and capillary morphogenesis in vitro.

The angiogenic process can be summarized as follows: in response to angiogenic factors, endothelial cells are activated, their adjacent basement membrane is degraded and thin cytoplasmic processes are extended in the direction of the angiogenic stimulus. The endothelial cells then migrate into the surrounding extracellular matrix within which they form a capillary sprout. Sprout maturation is completed by the formation of a patent capillary lumen and reconstitution of the basement membrane [1].
The American Road To Capitalism

This chapter challenges the notion that North America was capitalist from the beginnings of English colonial settlement in the seventeenth century. While English colonialism in the seventeenth and eighteenth century was fuelled by the dynamics of capitalism, the inability to establish a social monopoly of land led to the establishment of two distinctive non-capitalist forms in colonial North America—independent household (“peasant”) production in the North and plantation slavery in the South, bound together and with England through the activities of sea-board merchants. The unintended consequences of the American Revolution transformed Northern agriculture into petty-capitalist farming through the establishment of a competitive market for land, while preserving and reviving Southern plantation slavery. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the expansion of Northern petty-capitalist agriculture provided a growing “home market” for industrially produced capital and consumer goods. The expansion of plantation slavery after c. 1844 would have gravely restricted this home market. The contradictions between the expanded reproduction of plantation slavery and Northern capitalist agriculture and manufacturing set the stage for the political conflicts that culminated in the US Civil War.
Discussion: Causes of Agricultural and Food Price Inflation and Volatility

This discussion is a review and critique of the three papers in the 2012 Southern Agricultural Economics Association invited paper session titled Causes of Agricultural and Food Price Inflation and Volatility.
Measurement system for high pressure characterizations of materials

MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR HIGH PRESSURE CHARACTERIZATIONS OFMATERIALS by Matthew K. Jacobsen Dr. Andrew Cornelius, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada, Las Vegas Thermoelectric materials have long been investigated for possible use as power sources. This application was recently put to use in the Voyager space program, powering the deep space probes. Despite the usefulness of these materials, the use of pressure to investigate the material properties has only recently become interesting. As such, the work in this document was to developing a system for concurrently measuring the necessary properties. This system is capable of measuring the electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient in the pressure range from 0 10 GPa. The results for zinc, almandine garnet, and nickel are presented and demonstrate the capabilities of the system. In addition, results are presented for selected established (Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, BiSbTe3) and potential (GaTe, InTe, and InGaTe2) thermoelectric materials. The measurements have been made with pressure up to 10 GPa (transport properties, except heat capacity) or 20 GPa (structure). From these measured properties, it is possible to evaluate how pressure effects the interactions.
The Dynamics of Spacetime Curvature: Nonlinear Aspects

Although general relativity is among the oldest and most studied of all nonlinear theories in physics, it has played only a modest role in the exciting soliton and chaos developments of recent years. There are three causes of this, I think: (i) The absence of any experimental data for strong gravity situations, which has protected relativists from having their noses rubbed in chaos; (ii) the extreme difficulty of solving Einstein’s equations, which has induced relativists to concentrate on situations of weak gravity or high symmetry where chaos is usually absent and soliton-like structures were recognized as such only recently; and (iii) inadequate communica tion between relativists and people working on solitons and chaos.
The Strategic Effects of Auditing Standard No. 5 in a Multi-Location Setting

SUMMARY: Auditing Standard No. (AS) 5 provides guidance in the required audit of internal control over financial reporting and its integration into the financial statement audit. AS 5 advocates a “top-down” approach, in which control testing helps the auditor assess the risk of financial misstatement across multiple locations. We consider a manager who oversees two locations and who has private information about internal control strength in each location. Only when controls are weak can the manager commit fraud. We show how the manager's opportunity to commit fraud and informational characteristics of internal control tests impact the manager's probability choice of fraud and the auditor's choice of substantive test effort.
What doesn't kill you makes you stronger: A national study of U.S. military veterans

Abstract Background Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is commonly observed among trauma survivors. However, few studies have treated PTG as multi-dimensional and examined how different PTG dimensions may be protective against the negative effects of future trauma. Methods Using a nationally representative web-based survey of 1057 U.S. military veterans followed for two years, we examined whether different PTG dimensions had a protective effect on the severity and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the face of new traumatic life events. Results Greater scores on the Personal Strength domain of the PTG Inventory-Short Form at baseline was associated with reduced severity ( β =−.05, p Limitations Results are associational and causality cannot be inferred so replication is needed. Conclusions This study highlights the multi-dimensional nature of PTG and demonstrates a salubrious effect of trauma-related gains in personal strength on incident PTSD.
Net gas exchange and oxygen consumption

The sections in this article are: 1 Net Gas Exchange 2 Oxygen Consumption 3 Effect of Lipolytic Agents on Oxygen Uptake 4 Relation Between Oxygen Uptake and Fatty Acid Synthesis 5 Effect of Substrates on Oxygen Consumption 6 Alterations in Oxygen Consumption Associated with Dietary Changes
Influence of Fish Size, Origin, and Stress on Ascorbate Concentration in Vital Tissues of Hatchery Rainbow Trout

Abstract One-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss of probable steelhead origin) were analyzed for total ascorbate and dehydroascorbate concentrations before stocking and after transportation stress. Fish were reared on practical diets containing 0–60 mg total ascorbate per kilogram in state hatcheries in Ohio and New York. We concentrated on the influence of origin, fish size, and stress of short duration on ascorbate status in vital tissues. Liver ascorbate concentrations varied significantly between hatcheries – 78.9 ± 15.6 μg/g at Altmar, New York, and 123.6 ± 32.7 μg/g at London, Ohio – and were highly correlated with fish size (r = –0.572,N= 57). In fish subjected to hauling stress, liver and kidney ascorbate increased, whereas the dehydroascorbate decreased significantly if the fish size variable was included in the analysis. The livers, kidneys, and intestines of rainbow trout reared under practical hatchery conditions showed moderate levels of ascorbate compared with organs of fish experime...
Gel Microstructure Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells Encapsulated in Alginate Beads

For cell transplantation into damaged tissues, viable cells must be delivered to the defect site in a suitable carrier. However, the hypoxic and nutrient-limited environment in the carrier can induce massive cell death. The aims of this study were to increase the viability and regulate the behavior of osteoprogenitor cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogels through control of the gel microstructure. Cell survivability in alginate beads was improved through the use of α-MEM as the solvent for alginic acid sodium salt, and by CaCl(2) solutions, which supplied additional nutrients for the cells compared to water or buffer. The mesh size and shear modulus of the hydrogel were hypothesized to regulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrated enhanced osteoblast differentiation when encapsulated in high-density alginate with smaller mesh size and more rigid mechanical properties, as confirmed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin secretion. However, MC3T3-E1 cells encapsulated in low-density alginate beads with a larger mesh size and more compliant mechanical properties exhibited increased proliferation. These results demonstrate that the microstructure of alginate hydrogels can regulate the behavior of osteoprogenitor cells, thus suggesting that the tuning the properties of the gel may be a useful approach for enhancing new bone formation.
Moliere's theory of multiple scattering

Mole\`ere's theory of multiple scattering of electrons and other charged particles is here derived in a mathematically simpler way. The differential scattering law enters the theory only through a single parameter, the screening angle ${{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{a}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, Eq. (21). The angular distribution, except for the absolute scale of angles, depends again only on a single parameter $b$, Eq. (22). It is shown that $b$ depends essentially only on the thickness of the scattering foil in g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and is nearly independent of $Z$.The transition to single scattering is re-investigated. An asymptotic formula is obtained which agrees essentially with that of Moli\`ere, Snyder, and Scott, but which remains accurate down to smaller angles, Eq. (38).The theory of Goudsmit and Saunderson has a close quantitative relation to that of Moli\`ere, and a good approximation to their distribution function can be obtained by multiplying Moli\`ere's function by ($\frac{\ensuremath{\theta}}{sin\ensuremath{\theta}}$). This relation holds until the scattering angles become so large that only very few terms in the series of Goudsmit and Saunderson need to be taken into account.
Radical prostatectoiviy 1972–1957 single institutional experience: Comparison of standard radical prostatectomy and nerve-sparing technique

Abstract During the period of time from 1972 to 1987 a total of 104 radical prostatectomieswere performed at the Ohio State University. From 1972 to 1985, standard radical retropubic nerve-sparing prostatectomy was done in 60 patients and from 1986 to June 30, 1987, radical retropubic nerve-sparing prostatectomy was carried out in 44 patients. Transcrectal ultrasound evaluation was available only for three quarters of the patients in the latter group. In the early part of the series, standard prostatectomy revealed 51 percent of the patients to have organ-confined disease and in the latter series 75 percent had organ-confined disease. In the earlier study only a retrospective analysis of the pathology reports was available, and in the latter study prospective evaluation was available with regard to pre- and postoperative staging, erectile function, blood loss and replacement, PSA data, and clincial and pathologic staging. It appears the radical nerve-sparing prostatectomy has several advantages including decreased blood loss, increased reservation of erectile function in 70 percent of the patients who were potent preoperatively, and a more accurate assessment of clinical stage prior to surgery through the use of transrectal ultrasonography.
Counseling youth in tobacco-use prevention: determinants of clinician compliance.

Objective. The rate and determinants of tobacco prevention and cessation counseling to youth were examined for orthodontists participating in a controlled trial to decrease the incidence of tobacco use among adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional interview design in private practice offices throughout Southern California was used. The survey was completed with 126 (82%) orthodontists. Clinicians randomly assigned to the experimental group (N = 77) received a 1.5 h workshop, anti-tobacco materials, reimbursement for provision of anti-tobacco prescriptions, and quarterly checkup visits. Control group clinicians (N = 77) did not receive training, materials, or visits. Results. Experimental group clinicians talked to more adolescent nonsmokers about never beginning tobacco use than did control group clinicians (P < 0.05). Experimental group clinicians talked to more adolescent tobacco users than did control group clinicians; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Content and determinants of counseling were af fected by participation in the intervention. Conclusions. Though training and support increased prevention and cessation counseling, absolute rates remained less than optimal. Social learning factors were associated with prevention and cessation coun seling.
Lipids associated with pancreatic lipase during purification

Abstract 1. 1. Lipids appear to influence the outcome of the purification of porcine pancreatic lipase, affecting the solubility as well as the stability of the enzyme at different purification steps. The relative distribution of these lipids determined the density of the lipid-enzyme complex. 2. 2. Evidence presented suggests that pancreatic lipase is not a lipoprotein in vivo but becomes one on homogenization of the pancreatic tissue. The most active enzyme is free of lipid and is soluble in water. 3. 3. The apparent instability of pancreatic lipase during purification appears to be due to interaction between the enzyme protein and solvents, like n-butanol or acetone, which act as irreversible denaturants. The lipid material protects the enzyme from denaturation and, in addition, enhances the collection of the enzyme-lipid complex at the n-butanol-water interphase.
Lecture video segmentation and indexing

Video structuring and indexing are two crucial processes for multi-media document understanding and information retrieval. This paper presents a novel approach in automatic structuring and indexing lecture videos for an educational video system. By structuring and indexing video content, we can support both topic indexing and semantic querying of multimedia documents. In this paper, our goal is to extract indices of topics and link them with their associated video and audio segments. Two main techniques used in our proposed approach are video image analysis and video text analysis. Using this approach, we obtain accuracy of over 90.0% on our test collection.
DUAL DIODE-LASER FIBER-OPTIC DIAGNOSTIC FOR WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS

We present a novel diode-laser diagnostic for water-vapor measurements based on absorption spectroscopy. Two InGaAsP diode lasers were used to record H(2)O absorption line shapes near 1395 nm at a 3-kHz repetition rate along a single path through a water-vapor flow field generated in a shock tube. The use of two lasers permits simultaneous line-shape measurements in different spectral regions and facilitates the selection of appropriate line pairs for thermometry. The wavelength tuning rate was determined by use of a fiber-optic device known as a ring interferometer. Flow-field conditions (1320 K, 0.3 atm) inferred from measured line shapes compared favorably with calculated values.
Early changes in clinical characteristics after emergency department therapy for acute heart failure syndromes: identifying patients who do not respond to standard therapy

Clinical trials for acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) have traditionally enrolled patients well after emergency department (ED) presentation. We hypothesized a large proportion of patients would undergo changes in clinical profiles during the first 24 h of hospitalization, and these changes would be associated with adverse events. We evaluated a prospective cohort of patients with clinical data available at ED presentation and 12–24 h after ED treatment for AHFS. Patients were categorized into distinct clinical profiles at these time points based on (1) systolic blood pressure: a—hypertensive (>160 mmHg); b—normotensive (100–159 mmHg); or c—hypotensive (<100 mmHg); (2) moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction (GFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2); and (3) presence of troponin positivity. A composite outcome of 30-day cardiovascular events was determined by phone follow-up. In the 370 patients still hospitalized with data available at the 12–24 h time point, 196 (53.0%) had changed their clinical profiles, with 117 (59.7%) improving and 79 (40.3%) worsening. The composite 30-day event rate was 16.9%. Patients whose clinical profile started and stayed abnormal had a significantly greater proportion of events than those who started and stayed normal (26.1% vs. 11.3%; P = 0.03). Patients with abnormal clinical profiles at presentation that remain abnormal throughout the first 12–24 h of hospitalization are at increased risk of 30-day adverse events. Future clinical trials may need to consider targeting these patients, as they may be the most likely to benefit from experimental therapy.
Characterization of lead and lead leaching properties of lead glazed ceramics from the Solis Valley, Mexico, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT)

Abstract Ingestion of relatively small amounts of lead is now recognized to cause significant neurological and cognitive effects in humans. Large quantities may be fatal, yet lead poisoning, especially of children, is still a major public health concern in many parts of the world. In rural Mexican communities lead oxide (PbO) is added to ceramic glaze as a fluxing agent, lowering starting firing temperatures to 500 °C. The purpose of this study is to characterize the lead chemical forms in ceramic glazes from the Solis Valley, Mexico, to investigate lead leaching properties of these ceramics, and to demonstrate the applicability of lead isotope signatures as a means of tracing lead source origins. Ceramics were collected from the rural village of Santa Maria de Canchesda, State of Mexico, Mexico. Dried liquid glazes, post-fired glaze material, and pure PbO were analyzed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). Results from DRIFT analysis indicate that PbO (1429 cm−1 band) is the active form of lead found in liquid glazes and ceramics. Some shifting of 1429 cm−1 PbO peak to lower wavenumbers occurs in post-fired ceramics, and this may be due to the formation of lead bisilicate during firing. Ceramics samples were leached in 0.02 M citric acid solution for 1 min, and leached lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Lead concentrations in these leachates varied from 0.4–80.4 μg ml−1, while the control pottery from the US leached only 0.1 μg ml−1 lead. Elemental distributions on glaze surfaces were identified by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. Nitric acid extracts of soils, teeth, and ceramic glazes were analyzed for lead isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb vs. 208Pb/206Pb) using ICP-MS. Similarities of tooth and ceramic lead isotope ratios indicate that ceramics may be a substantial source of body lead burden in the Solis Valley. This study demonstrates the applicability of lead isotope ratios for lead source identification, and it identifies potential health risks from ceramic use induced lead toxicity within the Solis Valley.
Tile in a Corner

1. George Andrews, Number Theory, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1971. 2. P. L. Chebyshev, Sur la Fonction qui D?termine la Totalit? des Nombres Premiuers Inf?rieurs ? une limite Donn?e, Journal de Math?matiques Pures et Appliqu?es, I s?rie, XVII, 1852, 341-365. 3. P.L. Chebyshev, Memoire sur les Nombres Premiers, Journal de Math?matiques Pures et Appliques, I s?rie, XVII, 1852, 366-390. 4. John Derbyshire, Prime Obsession, London, Penguin Books, 2003. 5. Underwood Dudley, Elementary Number Theory, 2nd ed., San Francisco, W. H. Freeman, 1978. 6. William LeVeque, Fundamentals of Number Theory, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1977. 7. Ivan Niven and Herbert Zuckerman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1960. 8. Ivan Niven, Herbert Zuckerman and Hugh Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1991. 9. Kimberly Robertson and William Staton, A Short Proof of Chebychev's Upper Bound, this Magazine 78 (2005) 385-387. 10. Atle Selberg, An Elementary Proof of the Prime-number Theorem, Ann. of Math. 50, (1949) 305-313. doi: 10.2307/1969455 11. Harold Shapiro, Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1983. Note: [2] and [3] appear in P. L. Chebyshev, Oeuvres Tome 1 (collected works), New York, Chelsea, 1962.
Cross-Border Banking in the Expanded European Union

Cross-border banking directed toward the new member states (NMS) of the European Union has grown substantially in the last ten years. Aligning politically and economically with the rest of Europe through membership in the European Union and the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has played an important role in this expansion. The channels through which the creation of the euro led to increased cross-border banking among the original members of the EMU help but do not fully explain the increased flow of cross-border banking from the EMU to the NMS. This indicates that for the NMS, joining the European Union and eventually the EMU changes the perceptions of EMU banks regarding the benefits of expanding. The improved perception leads to almost an immediate expansion of banking from the EMU at a rate that is higher than it would be if only pure market effects were taken into account.
Characterization of ZnO nanoparticle suspension in water: Effectiveness of ultrasonic dispersion

Suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles in water were prepared with the two-step powder dispersion process using several methods of ultrasonication. The dispersion of ZnO was found to proceed by a fragmentation process, with minimum achievable particle size in the range 50 to 300 nm. This is consistent with other oxide nanopowder systems, in which most primary particulates still remain in hardened aggregates that cannot be further reduced. A submersible accelerometer probe was developed and used to measure the relative ultrasonic energy field in the liquid for the various ultrasonication methods. Oscillation at the expected frequencies was identified in each case, with strong variability at different locations in the liquid volume.
Kinetics of aggregation and disaggregation of titanium dioxide particles and glass beads in a sheared fluid suspension

Abstract Colloidal (0.2 μm) titanium dioxide (rutile) particles aggregated with and disaggregated from much larger (26 μm) glass beads in a continuously sheared suspension with constant pH and ionic strength chosen to yield relatively slow (hours to days) kinetics. Measured rates of aggregation and disaggregation varied in response to systematic perturbations in the fluid shear and in the concentration of titanium oxide particles in suspension. The observed kinetics indicate that aggregation and disaggregation occurred simultaneously, the net direction of exchange being determined by the relative rates of attachment and detachment. Aggregated TiO 2 particles were either weakly attached and exchanged relatively rapidly or strongly attached and exchanged relatively slowly, probably reflecting the influence of TiO 2 particle clusters and the geometric and electrostatic heterogeneity of the glass bead surface. The rate of fluid shear did not appear to affect significantly the kinetics of attachment and detachment, and the associated steady-state partitioning of TiO 2 between the free and attached states. However, TiO 2 particles that were effectively strongly attached under weak shear were observed to detach when the shear increased. Collisions between the glass beads had little effect on the aggregation and disaggregation rates.
ZIDOVUDINE-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA: ARE WE TOO CAUTIOUS?

Abstract 30 patients with recurrent zidovudine-induced neutropenia were followed up for a total of 493 months of treatment to evaluate their risk of bacterial infection. Zidovudine was temporarily discontinued only when the polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count fell to 1000/μl. The difference between periods when the PMU count was 500-1000/μl and non-neutropenic periods was not significant. The findings suggest that zidovudine therapy can be continued despite neutropenia without a major increase in the incidence of bacterial infection provided the PMN count does not fall to less than 500/μl.
Inhibition of potato sprouting by 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloronitrobenzene and methyl ester of a-naphthaleneacetic acid

Three separate though related tests are reported in this paper. It was found that 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloronitrobenzene (TCNB) was an excellent inhibitor to sprouting when used in bins of 10 or 25-bushel capacity, although it was a poor sprout inhibitor when used on lots of 10 or 12 potato tubers. TCNB was ineffective when treated tubers were exposed to free air circulation, as demonstrated by the excessive sprouting of tubers at the surface of treated bins. Methyl ester of a-napthaleneacetic acid (MENA) proved to be a good sprout inhibitor when used in either small or large lots of potatoes. Poor sprout inhibition resulted from the use of methyl ester of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4, 5-T).
Suppressed Synthesis of Viral DNA, Protein, and Mature Virions during Replication of Canine Herpesvirus at Elevated Temperature

Canine herpesvirus was synthesized optimally in canine renal cell cultures incubated at 36 C-37 C. Yields of infectious virus at 40 C were only about O.Wo of those obtained at 36 C. Studies to delineate the steps in viral biosynthesis suppressed at 40 C revealed that synthesis of viral DNA continued, although the rate of synthesis was reduced to 50 96 of that at 36 C. Specific viral proteins were made at the elevated temperature, but only 50 96 of normal amounts were present. When DNA synthesis was blocked with cytosine arabinoside, formation of viral protein was dramatically arrested, indicating that continued production of viral DNA was required to make viral antigens. While titers of infectivity decreased 103to 104-fold at 40 C, synthesis of viral DNA and protein were reduced only 5096. Infected cells incubated at 36 C for up to 8 hr and shifted to 40 C made infectious virus as if the whole growth cycle took place at 40 C. When infected cells were kept at 40 C for 8 hr and then shifted to 36 C, titers of infectious virus were as if the whole growth cycle occurred at 36 C. It is suggested, therefore, that formation of infectious canine herpesvirus is suppressed at 40 C due to a combination of decreased viral DNA and protein synthesis, in conjunction with deranged maturation of virions.
Memory improvement in octogenarians

This pre-post quasiexperimental study tested the eight-session Cognitive Behavioral Model of Everyday Memory in residents (58 women, 20 men) of a retirement village in Northeast Ohio. Their average age was 82 years, with 16 years of education and Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28; 13% were depressed. All participants were pretested and posttested at 8 weeks. The largest gains were in memory self-efficacy and use of internal memory strategies. Moderate gains were made in instrumental activities and change, and smaller gains were made in locus and memory performance. The dose of the intervention (eight sessions) was adequate, and practice in each class session facilitated mastery of memory strategies and techniques.
On forced nonlinear oscillations

Abstract The existence of a 1-periodic solution of the generalized Lienard equation x″ + g(x)x′ + f(t, x) = e(t), where g(x) is continuous, e(t) is continuous, periodic of period 1 and with mean value 0 and f is continuous, periodic of period 1 in t, is proved under one of the following conditions: (i) there exists M ⩾ 0 such that f(t, x)x ⩾ 0 for ¦x¦⩾ M and lim sup |x|⇒+∞ |f(t,x)| | x | 4π 2 2π + 1 (ii) there exists M ⩾ 0 such that f(t, x)x ⩽ 0 for ¦x¦⩾ M . Earlier results of A. C. Lazer, J. Mawhin and R. Reissig are obtained as particular cases.
High-resolution infrared spectra of the two nonpolar isomers of 1,4-difluorobutadiene

Abstract High-resolution (0.0013 cm −1 ) infrared spectra have been recorded for trans,trans -1,4-difluorobutadiene (ttDFBD) and cis,cis- 1,4-difluorobutadiene (ccDFBD). The rotational structure in two C-type bands ( ν 10 and ν 12 ) and one A-type band ( ν 22 ) for ttDFBD and in two C-type bands ( ν 11 and ν 12 ) for ccDFBD has been analyzed. Ground state and upper state rotational constants, except for ν 10 of ttDFBD, have been fitted. Band centers are 934.1 cm −1 ( ν 10 ), 227.985 cm −1 ( ν 12 ), and 1087.919 cm −1 ( ν 22 ) for ttDFBD. Band centers are 762.891 cm −1 ( ν 11 ) and 327.497 cm −1 ( ν 12 ) for ccDFBD. The small inertial defects in the ground state confirm that both isomers are planar. Obtaining the ground state rotational constants for the two isomers of DFBD is a first step toward determining their semi-experimental equilibrium structures.
Destruction of Methyl Bromide Sorbed to Activated Carbon by Thiosulfate or Electrolysis

Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is widely used as a fumigant for postharvest and quarantine applications for agricultural products at port facilities due to the short treatment period required, but it is vented from fumigation chambers to the atmosphere after its use. Due to the potential contributions of CH3Br to stratospheric ozone depletion, technologies for the capture and degradation of the CH3Br are needed to enable its continued use. Although granular activated carbon (GAC) has been used for CH3Br capture and thiosulfate has been used for destruction of CH3Br in aqueous solution, this research explored techniques for direct destruction of CH3Br sorbed to GAC. Submerging the GAC in an aqueous thiosulfate solution achieved debromination of CH3Br while sorbed to the GAC, but it required molar concentrations of thiosulfate because of the high CH3Br loading and produced substantial concentrations of methyl thiosulfate. Submergence of the GAC in water and use of the GAC as the cathode of an electrolysis unit also...
Commentary: Dancing the Kochari: Challenging the U.S. Perspective on Communication in Newly Democratic Cultures

Research on professional communication in the former Soviet republics and satellite countries was by and large closed to American scholars until recent years. This commentary offers a critical introduction to the forces of globalization, discourse, and democracy in that region, offering to U.S. readers a corrective lens that challenges the American view of the role of writing in regions where democratization is new, fragile, and even alien to the culture. A great part of our work as professional communicators rests on Western, particularly democratic, theoretical assumptions, mainly derived from Greco-Roman assumptions. Too often we do not confront the real otherness of practices that poach on Western assumptions or practices for nondemocratic ends, but we face increasing pressure to do so as our work is relentlessly internationalized.