cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) response to single-point-source 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH) releasers

The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) antiaggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH), has been used since 2000 to protect high-value trees and stands throughout western North America. Operational treatments involve placing individual releasers on a 12 m × 12 m grid throughout the area to be protected. In this study, six widely spaced trap lines were established with aggregation attractant–baited traps located 1, 3, 9, 27, and 81 m from a location where an operational MCH release device was alternately either present or absent, and changes in catches caused by the MCH device were assessed at all distances. Trap catches were suppressed by about 70% at one and three metres, by 50% at nine metres, by 30% at 27 m, and not at all at 81 m. Inhibition by the MCH device varied with distance (m) from the source according to the function 0.79 − 0.092x0.51 (R2 = 0.986). Decline of attractant inhibition with distance from the MCH device was much less steep than would have been expected if catch inhibition had varied directly with the average airborne concentration of MCH.
New Approaches to Donor Selection and Preparation in Heart Transplantation

With increasing survival of patients with stage D heart failure, the demand for heart transplantation has increased. The supply of donor hearts remains relatively limited. Strategies have been investigated and new technologies have been developed to expand the current donor pool. These new approaches will be discussed herein. Donor hearts are often considered “marginal” due to risk factors such as older age, size mismatch with the intended recipient, prolonged ischemic time, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and hepatitis B/C infection. We reviewed recent data regarding the use of donor hearts with these risk factors and suggest ways to safely liberalize current donor heart acceptance criteria. New technologies such as temperature-controlled transport systems and ex vivo cardiac perfusion methods have also demonstrated promising short-term and intermediate outcomes as compared with routine cold storage, by promoting heart preservation and enabling heart procurement from remote sites with shorter cold ischemic time. Recent use of hearts from donation after circulatory death donors has demonstrated comparable outcomes to conventional donation after brain death, which can further expand the current donor pool. Careful selection of “marginal” donor hearts, use of ex vivo cardiac perfusion, and acceptance of hearts after circulatory death may expand our current cardiac donor pool with comparable outcomes to conventional donor selection and preparation methods.
Monocyte released HERV-K dUTPase engages TLR4 and MCAM causing endothelial mesenchymal transition

We previously reported heightened expression of the human endogenous retroviral protein HERV-K deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) in circulating monocytes and pulmonary arterial (PA) adventitial macrophages of patients with PA hypertension (PAH). Furthermore, recombinant HERV-K dUTPase increased IL-6 in PA endothelial cells (PAECs) and caused pulmonary hypertension in rats. Here we show that monocytes overexpressing HERV-K dUTPase, as opposed to GFP, can release HERV-K dUTPase in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that cause pulmonary hypertension in mice in association with endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) related to induction of SNAIL/SLUG and proinflammatory molecules IL-6 as well as VCAM1. In PAECs, HERV-K dUTPase requires TLR4-myeloid differentiation primary response-88 to increase IL-6 and SNAIL/SLUG, and HERV-K dUTPase interaction with melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) is necessary to upregulate VCAM1. TLR4 engagement induces p-p38 activation of NF-κB in addition to p-pSMAD3 required for SNAIL and pSTAT1 for IL-6. HERV-K dUTPase interaction with MCAM also induces p-p38 activation of NF-κB in addition to pERK1/2-activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) to increase VCAM1. Thus in PAH, monocytes or macrophages can release HERV-K dUTPase in EVs, and HERV-K dUTPase can engage dual receptors and signaling pathways to subvert PAEC transcriptional machinery to induce EndMT and associated proinflammatory molecules.
Development of an unannounced standardized patient protocol to evaluate opioid use disorder treatment in pregnancy for American Indian and rural communities.

Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) disproportionately impacts rural and American Indian communities and has quadrupled among pregnant individuals nationwide in the past two decades. Yet, limited data are available about access and quality of care available to pregnant individuals in rural areas, particularly among American Indians (AIs). Unannounced standardized patients (USPs), or "secret shoppers" with standardized characteristics, have been used to assess healthcare access and quality when outcomes cannot be measured by conventional methods or when differences may exist between actual versus reported care. While the USP approach has shown benefit in evaluating primary care and select specialties, its use to date for OUD and pregnancy is very limited. Methods We used literature review, current practice guidelines for perinatal OUD management, and stakeholder engagement to design a novel USP protocol to assess healthcare access and quality for OUD in pregnancy. We developed two USP profiles-one white and one AI-to reflect our target study area consisting of three rural, predominantly white and AI US counties. We partnered with a local community health center network providing care to a large AI population to define six priority outcomes for evaluation: (1) OUD treatment knowledge among clinical staff answering telephones; (2) primary care clinic facilitation and provision of prenatal care and buprenorphine treatment; (3) appropriate completion of evidence-based screening, symptom assessment, and initial steps in management; (4) appropriate completion of risk factor screening/probing about individual circumstances that may affect care; (5) patient-directed tone, stigma, and professionalism by clinic staff; and (6) disparities in care between whites and American Indians. Discussion The development of this USP protocol tailored to a specific environment and high-risk patient population establishes an innovative approach to evaluate healthcare access and quality for pregnant individuals with OUD. It is intended to serve as a roadmap for our own study and for future related work within the context of substance use disorders and pregnancy.
A 6.6-kW High Frequency Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging Using Multi-layer Non-uniform Self-resonant Coil at MHz

A high power, high frequency wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper with lightweight and compact coil design. Leveraging a multi-layer non-uniform self-resonant coil, no external capacitor is needed for compensation and the high frequency conduction loss is mitigated by sharing current between multiple copper layers. The analytical model for the proposed coil is provided, and prototype coils with 200 mm radius are fabricated and tested, achieving quality factor over 450 at 3 MHz. The optimized design for both coils and a GaN-based power stage are detailed and validated experimentally. Experimental tests show 95.2% dc-dc efficiency with 6.6 kW power transferred across a 100 mm coil-to-coil distance with 52.5 kW/m2 power density. The system demonstrates the first 6.6-kW WPT system for EV charging using compact self-resonant coils at MHz.
IRES-Dependent, Cap-Independent Translation in Multiple Myeloma

Due to their significant production of immunoglobulin, malignant myeloma plasma cell clones must maintain viability and continually expand while laboring under heightened endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. One potential mechanism to accomplish these goals is the use of cap-independent translation mediated by internal ribosomal entry sequences (IRESs). These sequences, found in only a select number of transcripts, facilitate translation that is independent of RNA cap-binding to initiation factors. Thus, the myeloma cell could globally restrain protein translation (e.g., by over-expressed DEPTOR-inhibiting mTOR function) yet allow selected protein translation through IRES activity. This review highlights previous work that supports this hypothesis, namely, that (1) IRESs exist in important transcripts implicated in myeloma progression (i.e., D-cyclin, c-myc, VEGF); (2) there is a myeloma-specific c-myc point mutation that markedly enhances IRES-dependent translation; and (3) IRES function is important in myeloma cell responses, at least when challenged with mTOR inhibitors or stimulated with IL-6.
Bicycle helmets are highly protective against traumatic brain injury within a dense urban setting.

BACKGROUND: New York City (NYC) has made significant roadway infrastructure improvements, initiated a bicycle share program, and enacted Vision Zero, an action plan to reduce traffic deaths and serious injuries. The objective of this study was to examine whether bicycle helmets offer a protective advantage against traumatic brain injury (TBI) within a contemporary dense urban setting with a commitment to road safety. METHODS: A prospective observational study of injured bicyclists presenting to a Level I trauma centre was performed. All bicyclists arriving within 24h of injury were included. Data were collected between February, 2012 and August, 2014 and included demographics, imaging studies (e.g. computed tomography (CT)), injury patterns, and outcomes including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Injury Severity Score. RESULTS: Of 699 patients, 273 (39.1%) were wearing helmets at the time of injury. Helmeted bicyclists were more likely to have a GCS of 15 (96.3% [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 93.3-98.2] vs. 87.6 [95% CI, 84.1-90.6]) at presentation. Helmeted bicyclists underwent fewer head CTs (40.3% [95% CI, 34.4-46.4] vs. 52.8% [95% CI, 48.0-57.6]) and were less likely to sustain intracranial injury (6.3% [95% CI, 2.6-12.5] vs. 19.7% [14.7-25.6]), including skull fracture (0.9% [95% CI, 0.0-4.9] vs. 15.3% [95% CI, 10.8-20.7]) and subdural hematoma (0.0% [95% CI, 0.0-3.2] vs. 8.1% [95% CI, 4.9-12.5]). Helmeted bicyclists were significantly less likely to sustain significant TBI, i.e. Head AIS ≥3 (2.6% [95% CI: 0.7-4.5] vs.10.6% [7.6-12.5]). Four patients underwent craniotomy while three died; all were un-helmeted. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that helmeted bicyclists were 72% less likely to sustain TBI compared with un-helmeted bicyclists (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Despite substantial road safety measures in NYC, the protective impact of simple bicycle helmets in the event of a crash remains significant. A re-assessment of helmet laws for urban bicyclists is advisable to most effectively translate Vision Zero from a political action plan to public safety reality. Language: en
Outside the Canon: Judith Butler and the Trials of Jewish Philosophy

In her role as a philosopher and a theorist of gender, Judith Butler is perhaps the most prominent American intellectual writing today. It is thus certainly something of a boon to the discipline of Jewish Studies to see her begin to speak and think as a Jewish thinker. Jewish studies is a field that has not had much visibility in the academy outside of the Israel–Palestine conflict and it has not always been understood to offer the emancipatory promise of some other regions of area studies. Butler’s book then might seem on one level to change its stature, to give it new visibility and contemporary currency. Butler speaks in the book to the issue that most energizes interest in Judaism, but she does so by arguing that Jewish thought can itself provide the right resources for thinking critically about the relation between Jews and Judaism. That is, if we constitute its boundaries in the same way as Butler. With the exception of Emanuel Levinas, the thinkers that Butler chooses to engage in order to make this claim – Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt, Primo Levi, Edward Said, and Mahmoud Darwish – hardly constitute a typical canon of modern Jewish Thought. Four are Jewish, two Palestinian, and only one worked explicitly with the Jewish canon. Thus, Butler’s book is also something a trial for the discipline itself, for both in its method and its claims it forces us to rethink what it means to bring Jewish resources to bear on contemporary political conflicts. From the very beginning then the book might seem to be at cross-purposes with itself, claiming to offer a Jewish perspective, to participate thus in the growing body of literature working at the intersection of religion and politics, and yet Butler does so by explicitly passing over the traditional canon of modern Jewish thought and formulating an alternative canon at the margins of the tradition. The effect is thus complex and paradoxical. On the one hand, it seems to suggest that the resources within Judaism for formulating a critique of Zionism are so scant that one has to invent them. While on the other hand, by insisting on reading thinkers who themselves resisted articulating their position as Jewish, she participates in a modern Jewish communitarian tradition, that of returning its stray to the fold. Like Yosef Yerushalmi unearthing the Jewish Freud or Harry Wolfson revealing Spinoza’s Jewish sources or Adam Sandler calling out Jewish celebrities, Butler too
Towards an Analysis of Security Issues, Challenges, and Open Problems in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become popular in diverse domains such as e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking, etc. With increased deployment of IoT devices in the real world, they can be, and in some cases, already are subject to malicious attacks to compromise the security and privacy of the IoT devices. While a number of researchers have explored such security challenges and open problems in IoT, there is an unfortunate lack of a systematic study of the security challenges in the IoT landscape. In this paper, we aim at bridging this gap by conducting a thorough analysis of IoT security challenges and problems. We present a detailed analysis of IoT attack surfaces, threat models, security issues, requirements, forensics, and challenges. We also provide a set of open problems in IoT security and privacy to guide the attention of researchers into solving the most critical problems.
In vivo visualization of the growth of pre- and postsynaptic elements of neuromuscular junctions in the mouse

In order to study how neuromuscular junctions grow, we have repeatedly viewed the same junctions in mouse sternomastoid muscles at monthly intervals from 2 weeks to 18 months of age. Motor nerve terminals were stained with the nontoxic fluorescent dye 4-Di-2-ASP (Magrassi et al., 1987), and postsynaptic ACh receptors were labeled with fluorescently tagged alpha-bungarotoxin. Neuromuscular junctions grew primarily by expansion of existing motor nerve terminal and postsynaptic receptor regions without the addition or loss of synaptic areas. The expansion of pre- and postsynaptic specializations was precisely matched, suggesting that as neuromuscular junctions grow, the opposing specializations enlarge simultaneously. Each neuromuscular junction grew in length and width at the same rate that muscle fibers enlarged in those 2 dimensions, suggesting that junctional growth might be a mechanical consequence of muscle fiber growth. Repeated visualization of ACh receptors over time showed that previously labeled receptors spread apart in the membrane occupying a progressively larger area as muscle fibers grew. At the same time, new receptors were intercalated throughout the enlarged postsynaptic area. Thus, the growth of postsynaptic regions appears to be directly related to the expansion of the muscle fiber membrane as muscle fibers grow. The maintained alignment between growing motor nerve terminals and postsynaptic regions suggests that nerve terminal growth may be a consequence of its adhesion to growing postsynaptic specializations. This conclusion is supported by the coextensive stretching of motor nerve terminals and postsynaptic regions when muscle fibers are stretched. Thus, the growth of motor nerve terminals is coupled to the growth of postsynaptic regions, and the growth of the postsynaptic regions is in turn coupled to the growth of muscle fibers. In this way, the branching pattern of neuromuscular junctions may be stably maintained despite ongoing enlargement of synaptic area.
Burning Mouth Syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by burning of the oral mucosa, with or without dysgeusia and xerostomia, in the setting of no underlying systemic disease or identifiable abnormalities on physical examination or laboratory testing. BMS disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. The pathophysiology of the disease is unknown; no single treatment has proven universally successful. In light of these shortcomings, having a practical approach to the evaluation and management of patients with BMS can improve both patient quality of life and physician satisfaction.
Application of bacteriophages to reduce biofilms formed by hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria on surfaces in a rendering plant

Hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria (SPB) in raw animal by-products are likely to grow and form biofilms in the rendering processing environments, resulting in the release of harmful hydrogen sulfi...
Active citizenship through technology: collaboration, connection, and civic participation

This poster presents results from a workshop, Active Citizenship through Technology, with eighteen college freshmen. Participants collaboratively designed a virtual college campus by researching information online, interviewing faculty and administrators, using graphics programs, and designing a campus with our software Zora. Zora, an Identity Construction Environment, was purposefully created to encourage participants to explore issues of identity, decision-making, and personal values. Results showed that participants engaged in meaningful deliberation about issues related to college life.
Hospital and Physician Volume or Specialization and Outcomes in Cancer Treatment: Importance in Quality of Cancer Care

PURPOSE: To conduct a comprehensive review of the health services literature to search for evidence that hospital or physician volume or specialty affects the outcome of cancer care. METHODS: We reviewed the 1988 to 1999 MEDLINE literature that considered the hypothesis that higher volume or specialization equals better outcome in processes or outcomes of cancer treatments. RESULTS: An extensive, consistent literature that supported a volume-outcome relationship was found for cancers treated with technologically complex surgical procedures, eg, most intra-abdominal and lung cancers. These studies predominantly measured in-hospital or 30-day mortality and used the hospital as the unit of analysis. For cancer primarily treated with low-risk surgery, there were fewer studies. An association with hospital and surgeon volume in colon cancer varied with the volume threshold. For breast cancer, British studies found that physician specialty and volume were associated with improved long-term outcomes, and the sin...
Automatic cut and camera operation detection for video

Video should be segmented into shots to be used for identification and indexing. Various changes may happen within a single shot such as those related to camera operations, object movements, flashes, etc. Various similarities between different shots may also occur. Therefore, techniques based on interframe comparisons may result in detecting false cuts or missing true cuts if the appropriate threshold has not been chosen. In this paper, we propose a detection algorithm that understands and detects various changes within a shot in order to detect the cuts between separate shots.
Trapeziectomy and Carpal Collapse

Purpose Trapeziectomy for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal (TM) osteoarthritis (OA) disrupts the scaphotrapezium-trapezoidal ligament complex and may be associated with carpal collapse in a subset of patients in the form of nondissociative dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI). The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of trapeziectomy, documenting the incidence of postoperative carpal collapse, and to determine whether this outcome is correlated with preoperative radiographic findings. Methods A retrospective chart and radiographic review was performed on 33 wrists having trapeziectomy from January 1999 to January 2006. Three surveys were administered to patients after surgery to assess subjective levels of pain, function, and satisfaction. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significant differences in radiographic angles, and McNemar's chi-square test was used to determine significant differences in the frequency of a DISI finding. Results Stage IV disease was present in 58% of wrists; all wrists were followed up at a mean of 10.5 months after surgery. The mean postoperative change in the radiolunate angle was 4.4° of increased dorsal tilt. Radioscaphoid angles changed after surgery by a mean of 6.3° of increased extension. The frequency of DISI as measured by the radiolunate angle increased significantly, from 27% before surgery to 50% after surgery. Scaphotrapezium-trapezoidal arthritis was observed in 58% of wrists; within this subset, DISI was present in 39% before surgery and 62% after surgery. Those patients with a DISI deformity were significantly less satisfied following surgery than those without this finding. Conclusions Patients having trapeziectomy for treatment of TM OA may be at risk for the development of carpal instability. This instability may manifest through either a DISI posture of the wrist or abnormal extension of the scaphoid in the presence of a normal scapholunate angle. The presence of stage IV TM OA may be correlated with an increased incidence of carpal instability after surgical intervention. These radiographic findings are mirrored by a trend toward increased levels of pain and decreased levels of function and satisfaction in those patients with evidence of DISI. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
The temperature dependence of activity and structure for the most prevalent mutant aldolase B associated with hereditary fructose intolerance.

Abstract Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal recessive disorder in humans which is caused by mutations in the aldolase B gene. The most common HFI allele encodes an enzyme with an A149P substitution (AP-aldolase). A lysis method suitable for aggregation-prone proteins overexpressed in bacteria was developed. The enzyme’s structure and function is investigated as a function of temperature. Near-UV CD shows a qualitative difference in tertiary structure, whereas far-UV CD shows no difference in overall secondary structure, although both show increased temperature sensitivity for AP-aldolase compared to that seen with wild-type aldolase B. AP-aldolase exists as a dimer at all temperatures tested, unlike the tetrameric wild-type enzyme, thus providing a possible explanation for the loss in thermostability. AP-aldolase has sixfold lower activity than wild type at 10 °C, which decreases substantially at higher temperature. In addition to disruptions at the catalytic center, the kinetic constants toward different substrates suggest that there is a disruption at the C1-phosphate-binding site, which is not sensitive to temperature. The implications of these structural alterations are discussed with regard to the HFI disease.
A brief description of ALPO

This paper describes an implementation of the one-phase primal-dual path-following algorithm for solving linear programming problems. The design is intended to be simple, portable and robust. These design goals are achieved without sacrificing state-of-the-art performance. We give a brief description of the algorithm and the implementation focusing on the features which most distinguish this implementation from others available.
Positive Energy in anti-De Sitter Backgrounds and Gauged Extended Supergravity

The energy functional of a field theory with anti-de Sitter background geometry can be positive for scalar potentials which are unbounded below and for vacua corresponding to critical points which are maxima or saddle points.
Serotonergic innervation of the lateral hypothalamus: Evidence from synaptosomal uptake studies

Uptake of tritiated serotonin by synaptosomes prepared from rat lateral hypothalamus was examined. Uptake of serotonin into lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes occurred by both saturable and non-saturable processes. The saturable process was a high affinity transport with kinetic parameters that agree closely with those previously reported for serotonin uptake into synaptosomes prepared from other brain regions. Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of uptake into serotonergic neurons, was a potent inhibitor of serotonin uptake into lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes. Desipramine and benztropine, noradrenergic and dopaminergic uptake inhibitors respectively, were much less effective. Damage to the ascending serotonergic system, by either electrolytic lesion of the dorsal or median raphe nucleus, or by 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine injections into the midbrain serotonergic pathways, significantly reduced the uptake of serotonin by lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for a serotonergic terminal field within the lateral hypothalamus.
Shock interaction with one-dimensional array of particles in air

In this paper, we present axisymmetric numerical simulations of shock propagation in air over an aluminum particle for Mach numbers up to 10. The numerical method is a finite-volume based solver on a Cartesian grid that allows for multi-material interfaces and shocks. Validation of the solver is demonstrated by comparing to existing experimental data. We compute the unsteady inviscid drag coefficient as a function of time, and show that when normalized by post-shock conditions, the maximum drag coefficient decreases with Mach number. Furthermore, for supercritical Mach numbers, we show that the inviscid steady-state drag asymptotes to a non-zero value due to the presence of a bow shock formed just upstream of the particle. Using this information, we also present a simplified point-particle force model that can be used for mesoscale simulations. Finally, we investigate the dynamics of a shock propagating over a 1-D array of particles aligned in the flow direction. We show that the maximum drag coefficient increases as the shock travels deep into the array and then asymptotes to a final value, which can be as high as 50% more than that of the first particle, depending on Mach number and particle spacing.
Hemimethylation prevents DNA replication in E. coli

The DNA adenine methylase of E. coli methylates adenines at GATC sequences. Strains deficient in this methylase are transformed poorly by methylated plasmids that depend on either the pBR322 or the chromosomal origins for replication. We show here that hemimethylated plasmids also transform dam- bacteria poorly but that unmethylated plasmids transform them at high frequencies. Hemimethylated daughter molecules accumulate after the transformation of dam- strains by fully methylated plasmids, suggesting that hemimethylation prevents DNA replication. We also show that plasmids purified from dam+ bacteria are hemimethylated at certain sites. These results can explain why newly formed daughter molecules are not substrates for an immediate reinitiation of DNA replication in wild-type E. coli.
The Politics of Social and Economic Change in Latin America

In Chapter 3 political scientist Kalman Silvert recognizes the liberal bias of the modernizationists in assuming that Latin America had to follow the Western model of development. “What else is one to do,” he asks, “other than define development by the selection of certain characteristics of the already developed states?” Echoing Lipset’s cultural interpretation, Silvert argues that “there is something in the quality of the Latin American man in his culture which has made it difficult for him to become truly modern … which has made this part of the Western world so prone to excesses of scoundrels, so politically irrational in seeking economic growth, and so ready to reach for gimmicks.” If some Latin Americans were kept tradition-bound by a strong “Mediterranean ethos,” however, they coexisted with other Latin Americans of a modernist bent. While reflecting the traditional-modern dichotomy in his analysis, Silvert is upbeat in his belief that the modernizers, particularly among the expanding middle classes, were in the forefront of the political, social, and economic changes that were rapidly transforming Latin American society. For Silvert these changes—particularly evident since World War II—were leading Latin America “to the antechamber of the truly modern state.”
Computation of nonequilibrium three-dimensional inviscid flow over blunt-nosed bodies flying at supersonic speeds

A computer code based on the method of characteristics is described and applied to the study of two- and three-dimensional chemical nonequilibrium flow over sharp and blunt-nosed bodies. Nonequilibrium flow over a wedge is used to show the approach to equilibrium flow, and to demonstrate the nature of the reaction zone behind the bow shock wave. The structure and development of a blunt-body entropy layer in nonequilibrium flow is examined for a blunt cone at zero incidence. Three-dimensional computations for the space shuttle body at 30 deg angle of attack are presented. A nondimensional scaling parameter, the Damkoehler number, which is the ratio of flow time to chemical reaction time, is calculated and its significance discussed.
IDENTIFICATION OF GEPNER'S MODEL WITH TWISTED LG MODEL AND E6 SINGLETS

By identifying the chiral fields and related operators in Gepner's models and Vafa's twisted N = 2 Landau–Ginzburg models, we find that they also have the same E6 singlets spectra and therefore correspond to the same specific points of superstring vacua. We show explicitly how to identify generations, anti-generations and the E6 singlets in Vafa's class-A and E7 models with Gepner's models.
Regenerative potential of adult O1+ oligodendrocytes.

Remyelination in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is preceded by the generation of new oligodendrocytes (ODCs) but the source of the new ODCs has not been resolved. Adult galactocerebroside positive (O1+)ODCs proliferate when cultured with purified sensory neurons (Wood and Bunge, Nature 320:756-758, 1999), implying that differentiated ODCs could be an important source of new myelinating ODCs. To test this possibility purified O1+ODCs (>96% purity) were plated at low density (20-50 cells/culture) into cultures of purified dorsal root ganglion neurons. Three days after plating, single O1+ODCs were located (209 ODCs/43 cultures) and sequentially observed for 4 weeks. The ODCs began to proliferate by the fifth day after plating and formed large colonies by the third week. Most cells in these colonies were 01- but positive for another ODC antigen, O4. A few O1+, myelin basic protein (MBP)+ODCs, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+cells with astrocytic morphology were observed in some colonies. In similar cultures plated with cell-sorted O1+ODCs (>99.5% purity), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, 1ng/ml) increased the number and size of colonies, the number of O1+MBP+ODCs (including ODCs producing myelin-like profiles in association with axons) and the number of GFAP+ astrocytes, relative to untreated controls. The results are evidence that CNTF exerts a trophic effect on adult O1+ODCs, and/or their progeny, and that cells generated by division of O1+ODCs can become either new myelin-producing ODC, or astrocytes. This plasticity in regenerative potential of adult O1+ODCs has not been previously demonstrated.
An Overview of Child Abuse and Neglect

This paper focuses on child abuse and neglect within the United States. An etiology of child maltreatment is presented. It is stressed that more research needs to be conducted on the problem of child maltreatment. The paper concludes by discussing areas that need to be explored with advanced research designs.
Electrical conductive materials based on poly(β-diketone)

Polymerisation de dicetene avec BF 3 OEt 2 , WCl 6 , AIBN et peroxyde de benzoyle. Conductivites electriques de la poly-β-dicetone et des complexes de transfert de charge avec TCNQ. Silylation du polymere avec SiCl 2 (CH 3 ) 2
The robotic scientist

For centuries, scientists have attempted to identify and document analytical laws that underlie physical phenomena in nature. Despite the prevalence of computing power and data in scientific inquiry, finding natural laws and their corresponding equations has resisted automation. A key challenge to finding analytic relationships automatically is defining algorithmically what makes a correlation in observed data significant and non-trivial. This challenge is becoming a critical bottleneck as we try to understand and control increasingly complex systems, from biology to engineering. Results will be shown for a variety of mechanical and biological systems, from robotics to metabolic networks.
Structure of minimizers in linear-quadratic Bolza problems of optimal control

In this paper, we study intersections of extremals in a linear-quadratic Bolza problem of optimal control. The structure of the inter-sections is described. We show that this structure implies the semipositive definiteness of the quadratic cost functional. In addition, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of minimizers.
An explicit, unconditionally stable, 15‐degree depth migration and modeling algorithm implemented in poststack, directional, and prestack modes

An explicit, unconditionally stable, finite‐difference depth migration and modeling algorithm is formulated and implemented for the fifteen‐degree wave equation in poststack, directional (rotational), and prestack modes for inhomogeneous media. It is about two times faster than implicit schemes. The simplicity, unconditional stability, and speed of the algorithm are appealing for numerous applications, especially prestack and three‐dimensional data sets.
Heterodyne Laser Radar Performance

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, universal curves representing signals reflected from a diffuse target, which may contain multiple glints, are calculated for uniform transmitted and local oscillator beams. For a far-field diffuse target, substantial gain on the signal-to-noise ratio may be obtained by increasing the receiver aperture up to three times the transmitter aperture. The receiver heterodyne efficiency for the two beams with slight misalignment is also presented in this paper.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Convenient synthesis of ruthenium(II) dihydride phosphine complexes Ru(H)2(PP)2 and Ru(H)2(PR3)x (x = 3 and 4)

A novel and convenient one-pot synthesis of ruthenium(II) dihydride phosphine complexes from the air-stable [RuCl_2(COD)]_x, the appropriate phosphine, and NaOH in sec-butyl alcohol under argon at 80 °C is reported. A series of chelating (dcpm, dcpe, dppe, dppb, dppp, dppf, and depe) and monodentate phosphine (PEt3 and PPh3) complexes have been synthesized using this methodology. The crystalline products are isolated in high yield. These dihydride complexes have been shown to be useful precursors to cationic dihydrogen hydride complexes, some of which exhibit significant activity as hydrogenation catalysts.
Target-absent controls in blocking experiments with rats.

In three between-groups blocking experiments with rats, two concurrent and one forward, several common control procedures were employed: Reinforced trials with the putative blocking stimulus were either omitted entirely (Kamin control), replaced by unsignaled reinforcements (Wagner control), or replaced by reinforced trials with a different stimulus (C1 control). In each experiment, parallel treatments with the target stimulus absent during training served to examine the possibility that differential responding in tests with the target stimulus might be traced solely to differential exposure to the nontarget stimuli. In Experiment 1, responding by a concurrent blocking group during the test was no different than responding by a Kamin control group, and responding by a Wagner control group was greater than that of either of the other groups—a pattern of results, mirrored in the performance of the target-absent groups, that could be attributed to the elevation of contextual excitation by unsignaled reinforcement. In Experiment 2, responding in the test by a concurrent blocking group was no different than that by a C1 control group. In Experiment 3, a finding of less responding by a forward blocking group than by a C1 control group when the target stimulus was present during training, but not when it was absent, provided plausible evidence of blocking.
Acute hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor restores motivational and forced swim performance after corticosterone.

Background Alterations in cellular survival and plasticity are implicated in the neurobiology of depression, based primarily on the characterization of antidepressant efficacy in naive rodents rather than on models that capture the debilitating and protracted feelings of anhedonia and loss of motivation that are core features of depression. Methods In adult male mice, we evaluated persistent effects of oral corticosterone (CORT) exposure on anhedonic-like behavior, immobility in the forced swim test (FST), motivational performance in the progressive ratio task, and later endogenous CORT secretion. After verifying long-term decreases in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP Response Element Binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB), the ability of direct hippocampal BDNF microinfusion after CORT exposure to reverse deficits was investigated. Results Prior CORT exposure decreased sucrose consumption, appetitive responding, and FST mobility without long-term effects on water/quinine discrimination and endogenous CORT secretion. Critically, BDNF replacement mimicked chronic antidepressant treatment (ADT) by reversing CORT-induced reductions in instrumental performance and FST mobility. Conclusions Together these findings link persistent alterations in hippocampal BDNF expression and CREB transcriptional activity with a persistent depressive-like state—as opposed to ADT efficacy. These results identify hippocampal BDNF as an essential molecular substrate that bidirectionally regulates appetitive instrumental behavior. Additionally, we suggest this CORT model might provide a powerful tool for future investigation into the neurobiology of complex stress-associated depressive symptoms that persist long after stress exposure itself.
The regulation of mitochondrial DNA levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis can continue under conditions which block cell division and nuclear DNA (nDNA) synthesis, producing cells with several times the normal level of mtDNA. We have examined mtDNA synthesis in cultures recovering from such cell cycle blocks. Our results show that the rate of mtDNA synthesis is not affected either during a block of the cell cycle with α-factor or during recovery from a perturbation in the amount of mtDNA/cell induced by blocking the cell cycle with α-factor or cdc4. The normal mtDNA content was restored a period of several generations when permissive conditions were restored. These results suggest that mtDNA synthesis is coupled to cell growth.
The Effect of Collateral Circulation on Segmental Left Ventricular Contraction

The anatomy of the coronary circulation was correlated with left ventricular segmental contractile motion in 162 patients: 43 with normal coronary arteriograms, 119 with significant (> 75%) obstruction of the right coronary artery and/or left anterior descending coronary artery. Collateral vessels were identified in 69% of the patients with coronary artery disease (82/119). The cases with collaterals were graded poor, fair, or good according to the number of vessels and the quality of opacification. Segmental contractile motion was determined angiographically by the percent shortening of each of the six chords of the left ventricle in the right anterior oblique projection. The range of normal shortening (mean ± one standard deviation) for each chord was established in the 43 normal patients as follows: [See Equation in PDF File] Patients were grouped according to the site of coronary artery obstruction and quality of collateral circulation to the area supplied by the obstructed coronary artery. The percent shortening and number of abnormal segments were determined for each patient; there was no consistent difference in segmental contraction between patients with and without collaterals. The quality of collateral vessels did not correlate with either the number of abnormal segments or the percent of chord shortening. In summary, the development of collateral vessels is not associated with the restoration of normal segmental wall motion in patients with coronary artery disease.
Real Time Optical Computation Of The Ambiguity Function

Real time optical computing of the two dimensional ambiguity function based on the use of one dimensional Bragg cells as input transducers and the use of unique coherent optical systems as the computing architectures will be presented. Two techniques using optical spatial integration have been invented and demonstrated to be suitable for ambiguity processing. Their key feature lies in the utilization of optics to transform the two one dimensional spatial functions into the associated two dimensional ambiguity function.
Membrane asymmetry and DNA degradation: functionally distinct determinants of neuronal programmed cell death.

The ability to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that modulate programmed cell death (PCD) may provide the crucial clues to unravel the cellular basis of neurodegenerative disorders. Employing both a novel assay to follow serially PCD in individual living neurons and the neuroprotective agent lubeluzole as an investigative tool, we examined the development of nitric oxide (NO)-induced PCD over time through the reversible annexin V labelling of membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and the electron microscopy of genomic DNA in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Exposure to the NO generators SNP (300 μM) or NOC-9 (300 μM) alone increased annexin V-positive neurons in the population from 7% ± 4% in untreated cultures to 13% ± 4% at 1 hr and to 61% ± 5% at 24 hr. Administration of a neuroprotective concentration of lubeluzole (750 nM) at the time of NO exposure initially prevented the exposure of PS residues, but consistently maintained DNA integrity over a 24 hr period. During posttreatment paradigms of lubeluzole (750 nM) at 2, 4, and 6 hr following NO exposure, progression of membrane PS inversion was reversed and subsequently suppressed over a 24 hr course. Our work illustrates that neuronal PCD is composed of at least two physiologically distinct and separate pathways that consist of the externalization of membrane PS residues and the independent maintenance of genomic DNA integrity. In addition, neuronal injury is fluid and reversible in nature, suggesting a “window of opportunity” for the repair and reversal of neurons yet to be committed to PCD. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:568–580, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spotted Cutworm: Control in Apple Orchards with Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (rates of 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 g AI/liter) was applied to a 2 m diam circle beneath apple trees in Washington orchards for control of Amathes c-nigrum (L.). At the recommended rate (1.2 g AI/liter), control was satisfactory with ca. 70% mortality during the spring (delayed dormant period) and 80% mortality during the summer. Fruit from trees treated in this way had nondetectable residues. However, orchard debris from the treated spots had 297–1735 ppm depending on rate and number of applications; and, when 3 applications were made (Apr., July, and Aug.), residue in the debris tended to accumulate. Chlorpyrifos has a low order of mammalian toxicity, and residues of the order found present no special hazard.
Harmonic Analysis of Yindong ±660kV HVDC Transmission System

Based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, this paper analyses the harmonics caused by the process of rectifier and inverter and DC bias of transformer in Yindong ±660kV HVDC transmission system. The results indicate that, characteristic harmonics of 660kV HVDC system AC bus give priority to 12k±1 time harmonics and bring serious influence to the AC system of the rectifier and converter station; the characteristic harmonics of DC lines are mainly about 12k time and the voltage ripple factor is in the specified scope; both the odd and even harmonic components are increasing significantly under DC bias than that without DC bias,which thereby makes the power transformers become the severe harmonic sources.
Development of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

The feasibility of a new technique, supercritical fluid chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (SFC/FTIR), for separation and identification of nonvolatile and labile compounds in complex mixtures is discussed in this report. The design of a high pressure (flow cell) interface is described. The results of a continuing study of possible mobile phases for SFC/FTIR are presented. Finally, SFC/FTIR was applied to a standard test mixture. The current detection limits of one component of the mixture, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, are presented.
Reactive Uptake of Nitric Acid into Aqueous Sodium Chloride Droplets Using Real-Time Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry

The kinetics and rate-limiting mechanism of reactive uptake of nitric acid into submicron, deliquescent sodium chloride aerosols are determined. The reaction was performed in a flow tube with a rea...
Optimizing parameters for flow counting of radioactivity in column chromatographic effluents

Abstract Practical applications of radioactivity flow counters are greatly facilitated if optimum instrumental parameters for any desired sensitivity can be calculated before experimentation. To this purpose general equations are presented interrelating column chromatography conditions with factors of Flow β-radiation detectors in current use.
Hydrogen and helium entrapment in flowing liquid metal plasma-facing surfaces

The ability to use liquids as plasma-facing component (PFCs) depends on their interaction with the plasma and the magnetic field. One important issue for the moving liquid is the ability to entrain particles that strike the PFC surface (helium and hydrogen isotopes) while accommodating high heat loads. To study this problem, a numerical model has been developed using the HEIGHTS computer simulation package. The model was used to investigate pumping of He particles by the flowing liquid rather than requiring a standard vacuum system. Hydrogen isotope (DT) particles are likely be trapped in the liquid metal surface (e.g., lithium) due to the high chemical solubility of hydrogen. The incident He particles in the established low-recycling regime at PFCs could be harder to pump using standard vacuum pumping techniques. The analysis results indicate, however, a reasonable chance of adequate helium self-trapping in flowing lithium as PFC without active pumping.