cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research and Analysis on the Arc Length of the Rock Breaking Point on TBM's Disc Cutter

Based on its rock breaking movement in the full-face tunnel boring machine( TBM),and the interaction between the disc cutter and the tunnel face being taken into account at the same time,a kinematics model of disc cutter was built by using coordinate transformation matrix method of space geometry and spatial kinematics. The three-dimensional figures of the theory crushed trajectory made by the disc cutter on the tunnel face and the arc length of the rock breaking point were obtained by using Matlab software. The simulation results showthat the arc length on disc cutter decreases with the increasing of the cutter radius on cutter head,but the total arc length after cutter head rotating one circle increases linearly. The results are useful to research on tool wear and rock breaking mechanism,as well as to optimize the design and layout of disc cutters on the cutter head.
Integrating data-intensive scalable computing into the computer science curriculum

The participants in this panel all attended the Data-Intensive Scalable Computing in Education (DISC-E) workshop at the University of Washington in July 2008. Data-Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) focuses on efficient organization, storage, and processing of massive data sets stored in distributed file systems. For organizations like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Yahoo! where massive data sets are an everyday issue, knowledge of the related issues and the ability to solve related problems is critical when considering new employees. The goal of the workshop was to "inspire the development of new coursework in large-scale data-intensive application design and cluster computing." At the workshop, the participants discussed various strategies for integrating DISC into the computer science curriculum and courses at all levels: from introductory computing to upper-level and capstone courses. The participants in this panel will discuss how they see DISC, and parallelism in general, as part of the computer science curriculum. Participants will discuss how they have used what they learned at the workshop in courses and how they foresee using itin the future.
CIRNAS: COLLABORATIVE IMMUNE REAGENT NETWORK FOR AQUACULTURED SPECIES

Cultured fish represent a critical food resource and efficient means for providing protein for human consumption. Nevertheless, disease limits the sustainability and production of this industry. A major factor restricting the advancement of basic and applied research for fish health is the lack of immunological reagents. These reagents are required for evaluating shifts in immunity during infection and vaccination against pathogens that limit the full potential of aquaculture. CIRNAS (http://biology.unm.edu/CIRNAS) is a collaborative network with a goal of serving the aquaculture community by advancing the availability of immunological resources and knowledge base for fish health. Four fish species: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, channel catfish and Nile tilapia will be targeted. Antibody panels and immune assays will be developed to assess the contribution of different leukocyte subsets and effector molecules that cannot be currently measured during disease and vaccination due to lack of corresponding reagents. Specific focus areas include the development of reagents for mucosal immunity and vaccinology. Importantly, a major objective of CIRNAS is to establish an international, collaborative network for improving health, safety and production of aquacultured fish by partnering with other fish health researchers. By doing so, the project will advance the development of collaborative research projects worldwide for diseases impacting production and fish health. Current and proposed research will be presented.
Epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia.

L'article propose une synthese des connaissances actuelles en epidemiologie de la panique et de l'agoraphobie
Dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals: FDA Total Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). The results reported here reflect the sampling period from June 1984 to April 1986. The study involves retail purchase of foods representative of the total diet of the U.S. population, preparation for table-ready consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items depicting the diets of 8 population groups. The diets were based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys. The data presented represent 8 food collections (also termed "market baskets") in regional metropolitan areas during the 2-year period. Dietary intakes of over 90 analytes are presented for the 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults. Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative previous findings. As reported previously, average daily intakes are well below acceptable limits.
Three-dimensional anatomy and renal concentrating mechanism. I. Modeling results

Simulations were performed to test the hypothesis that the three-dimensional organization of the renal medulla is essential for formation of hypertonic urine. As in previous models, representations of loops of Henle, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta and recent estimates of tubule characteristics were included in a simulation of NaCl, urea, and fluid transport. In addition, this model specifies the relative positions of the medullary structures. By assuming that the structure of the minimum functional unit is a vascular bundle surrounded by tubules and ascending vessels, we have represented the three-dimensional organization of the medulla by a cylindrically symmetric two-dimensional model. The resulting set of equations gives rise to a nonlinear boundary value problem with linear boundary conditions, which was solved numerically via quasi linearization. Compared with previous simulations, the concentrations predicted by this model more accurately match measured quantities in two regards. F...
Simulated Microgravity and Low-Dose/Low-Dose-Rate Radiation Induces Oxidative Damage in the Mouse Brain

Microgravity and radiation are stressors unique to the spaceflight environment that can have an impact on the central nervous system (CNS). These stressors could potentially lead to significant health risks to astronauts, both acutely during the course of a mission or chronically, leading to long-term, post-mission decrements in quality of life. The CNS is sensitive to oxidative injury due to high concentrations of oxidizable, unsaturated lipids and low levels of antioxidant defenses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage in the brain cortex and hippocampus in a ground-based model for spaceflight, which includes prolonged unloading and low-dose radiation. Whole-body low-dose/low-dose-rate (LDR) gamma radiation using (57)Co plates (0.04 Gy at 0.01 cGy/h) was delivered to 6 months old, mature, female C57BL/6 mice (n = 4-6/group) to simulate the radiation component. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Brains were isolated 7 days or 9 months after irradiation and hindlimb unloading (HLU) for characterization of oxidative stress markers and microvessel changes. The level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein, an oxidative specific marker for lipid peroxidation, was significantly elevated in the cortex and hippocampus after LDR + HLU compared to controls (P < 0.05). The combination group also had the highest level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression compared to controls (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the animals that received HLU only or combined LDR + HLU compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, 9 months after LDR and HLU exposure, microvessel densities were the lowest in the combination group, compared to age-matched controls in the cortex (P < 0.05). Our data provide the first evidence that prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity and LDR radiation is associated with increased oxidative stress biomarkers that may increase the likelihood of brain injury and reduced antioxidant defense. NOX2-containing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH oxidase) may contribute to spaceflight environment-induced oxidative stress.
Effects of prolonged exposure to low pH on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Abstract Acidification in aquatic ecosystems is a major concern worldwide. In freshwater, although there are several publications reporting acute toxicity and adverse effects due to low pH, little is known about adverse effects on antioxidant mechanisms in fish after prolonged exposure. This study aimed to investigate how antioxidants are affected by raising larval Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) in soft water at pH 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. After 18 days of exposure, glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in whole body homogenates increased as pH decreased, without changes in lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. This study showed that prolonged exposure to low pH increased reactive oxygen species production and that fish cope with it by increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
A Natural Axiom System for Boolean Algebras with Applications

We use an equivalent form of the Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem to give a proof of the Stone Representation Theorem for Boolean algebras. This proof gives rise to a natural list of axioms for Boolean algebras and also for propositional logic. Applications of the axiom system are also given.
Importance of the Evaluation of N-Acetyltransferase Enzyme Activity Prior to 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Medication for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a classic anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes convert 5-ASA to its metabolite N-acetyl-5-ASA, and it is unresolved whether 5-ASA or N-acetyl-5-ASA is the effective therapeutic molecule. We previously demonstrated that colonic production of N-acetyl-5-ASA (NAT activity) is decreased in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Our hypothesis is that 5-ASA is the therapeutic molecule to improve colitis, with the corollary that altered NAT activity affects drug efficacy. Since varying clinical effectiveness of 5-ASA has been reported, we also ask if NAT activity varies with inflammation in pediatric or adult patients. Methods Acute colonic inflammation was induced in C57BL/6 NAT wild-type (WT) or knockout mice, using 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (w/v) concurrent with 5-ASA treatment. Adult and pediatric rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from control or patients with ulcerative colitis. Tissue was analyzed for NAT and myeloperoxidase activity. Results Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was of similar severity in both NAT WT and knockout mice, and NAT activity was significantly decreased in NAT WT mice. In the setting of colitis, 5-ASA significantly restored colon length and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in NAT knockout but not in WT mice. Myeloperoxidase activity negatively correlated with NAT activity in pediatric patients, but correlation was not observed in adult patients. Conclusions Inflammation decreases NAT activity in the colon of mice and human pediatric patients. Decreased NAT activity enhances the therapeutic effect of 5-ASA in mice. A NAT activity assay could be useful to help predict the efficacy of 5-ASA therapy.
The Effects of a Trust Violation and Trust Repair in a Distributed Team Decision-Making Task: Exploring the Affective Component of Trust

The researchers investigated trust in a distributed work team. We explored the extent to which increased negative affective implicit and explicit attitudes are associated with loss of trust after a trust violation. We also investigated the effects of an attempt at trust repair after this violation. Participants performed a remote team task with two teammates. One of the teammates exploited the participant and then attempted to repair trust. Implicit and explicit affective attitudes and trust were measured. Increased negative explicit attitude toward the violator was associated with loss of trust in this teammate. Also, the attempt to repair trust significantly increased trust, but was still significantly lower than baseline. Results highlight the importance of explicit affective attitude as a trust predictor. Also, loss of trust resulting from exploitation may be increased by attempts at trust repair, but complete restoration of trust may be challenging after exploitation has occurred.
Three Important Equations

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are extremely important in both mathematics and physics. This chapter provides an introduction to some of the simplest and most important PDEs in both disciplines, and techniques for their solution. The chapter focuses on three equations—the heat equation, the wave equation, and Laplace's equation. Following the nomenclature of the geometrical figures, if B 2 – 4AC 2 – 4AC=0 the equation is elliptic; and if B 2 – 4AC>0 the equation is hyperbolic. Thus, the heat equation is the prototypical parabolic equation, the wave equation is the prototypical wave equation, and Laplace's equation is the prototypical elliptical equation. It is shown that for the heat equation the initial conditions diffuse in time, whereas in the wave equation initial conditions are propagated, changing position but not shape.
Information persistence evaluated with low-density dot patterns

After more than a century of study, we do not yet fully understand how shapes and patterns are encoded and identified. Greater progress might result from quantifying stimulus information, thus allowing manipulation of the degree to which a shape or pattern can elicit recognition. The present work used discrete dot patterns that are seen as letters of the alphabet. By adjusting the density of the dots in each pattern, one can determine the probability that it will be recognized. The experiments displayed low-density dot patterns to human respondents, assessing the interval across which non-redundant information provided by two compatible subsets would combine to elicit recognition. This provided a measure of the time required for decay of information persistence. Viewed in the context of prior work, the evidence indicates that the retina mediates initial visibility of the stimulus trace, but the longer-duration persistence required for memory retrieval is mediated by visual cortex.
Design Concepts to Support Management of Outpatient Consultations in the Veterans Health Administration

This poster describes a project to improve understanding of the challenges associated with managing consultations in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). We conducted interviews and observations with primary care providers and specialists at two VHA facilities. Using qualitative analysis, we identified cognitive requirements, challenges associated with each, and design seeds. During the poster session, we will present design concepts exploring interventions to support management of consultations.
A unified analysis for composite laminates to composite beam structures

I The development of fiber-reinforced composites has constituted a revolution of material technology in aerospace structural applications. To take advantages of the unique properties of fiber reinforced composites, a composite structure often contains multiple layers laminated together with each layer oriented in the direction of the structural function. Analysis of these structures in laminate level has widely employed “Classical Laminated Plate Theory” in determining the ply stresses. However, in analysis of structural level, finite element method is often adopted. FEM is a viable technique to solve the structural problems but its model is the problem dependent. The common non-FEM approach used in analyzing composite beam structures is to calculate the equivalent stiffness of each sub-laminate by lamination theory and then used it to calculate the section property of the structure as the method used in the isotropic structures. In so doing, the coupling effects of the structural level were ignored. The main objective of this paper is to present newly developed methods for bridging the analysis between laminate and structural levels for composite beam structures such as I-beam, Cbeam, and tubular structures under loads. The closed form expressions of the sectional properties such as bending/torsional stiffness, centroid and shear center of the cross-sections as a function of material properties, fiber orientation and stacking sequence are presented. In the present method, the structural responses such as coupling effects due to unsymmetrical and/or unbalanced of laminate as well as unsymmetrical cross-section are included. The present results were validated well by FEM model. Wen S. Chan, J Appl Mech Eng 2013, 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9873.S1.002
Nasal septal abscess in association with pediatric acute rhinosinusitis.

Abstract Introduction Nasal septal abscess (NSA) in the pediatric population is rare and can result in devastating complications. Objective of this study is to review a case series of pediatric patients presenting with NSA in association with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) for possible risk factors and predisposing conditions. Method This is a retrospective review of pediatric patients that presented to a tertiary care hospital with nasal septal abscess associated with ARS. Patient demographics, presence of ARS, sinuses involved, and other potential risk factors were recorded. In addition, a literature review was conducted to evaluate other reported cases of NSA in association with ARS. Cases of NSA associated with trauma or other causes were excluded from analysis. Results Five patients with NSA were treated by the pediatric otolaryngology department of a tertiary care center from 2003 to 2014. Three of these cases were associated with ARS. Of these cases, the average age at diagnosis was 9.7 years. Two were male and one was female. In these cases, the bilateral frontal, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were involved. Sphenoid involvement occurred in two patients. One case was associated with ipsilateral middle turbinate concha bullosa. The cartilaginous septum was compromised in all three cases. All patients were treated with incision and drainage. Conclusion This is the largest case series of NSA described in the pediatric population. NSA is exceedingly rare but may be associated with ARS. While the etiology of NSA is not always clear, identifying and treating nasal septal abscesses early is imperative to reduce potentially devastating complications.
Cybersecurity workforce development: A peer mentoring approach

In this paper we present a peer mentoring framework for students in an introductory Information Systems class (IS 300: Management of Information Systems) to interact with peers in an upper level elective course in cybersecurity (IS 471: Data Analytics for Cybersecurity). The purpose of this framework is to encourage more students to explore cybersecurity careers through peer led cybersecurity discussions. We discuss preliminary results from a peer interaction for the spring 2016 semester. Our initial results show an increased interest in cybersecurity for the IS 300 students. Moreover, we see that post the interactions both groups have a clearer interest and understanding of cybersecurity.
Resource use and economic impacts in the transition from small confinement to pasture-based dairies

Abstract In recent years, many livestock farms have transitioned from total confinement housing to a pasture-based system in an effort to reduce labor and production costs and improve profitability. There is a growing interest in biogas recovery among livestock producers to reduce energy costs and manure odors but the economic benefits of anaerobic digestion (AD) on small farms is not well known. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), to describe, evaluate and compare the farm performance and economic impacts of representative dairy farms in Michigan transitioning from conventional confinement to seasonal- and pasture-based systems, and evaluate the potential for integration of an AD in the confinement and seasonal pasture systems. The results in farm performance present higher milk production per kilogram of feed in the confinement systems, followed by the seasonal pasture and the annual pasture systems. In the economic analysis, the annual pasture-based system had the greatest net return to management and unpaid factors followed by the seasonal pasture and confinement systems. The addition of an AD on a 100-cow, total confinement dairy decreased the net return to management and unpaid factors by 20%. When anaerobic digestion was added to the seasonal pasture with an increased land base for cash crop production and an imported manure volume equivalent to a 500-cow dairy, the net return to management and unpaid factors increased 269% compared to the seasonal pasture dairy alone.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of iris microhemangiomatosis.

Abstract Purpose To report optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of iris microhemangiomatosis. Observations A 75-year-old asymptomatic Caucasian man was found to have bilateral pupillary vascular lesions during cataract evaluation. Visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye (OD) and 20/40 in the left eye (OS) with normal intraocular pressures in both eyes (OU). In each eye there were multifocal, round, dark red, pinpoint vascular tufts at the pupillary margin, randomly distributed and numbering 1 in OD and 7 in OS, each measuring 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter and without active bleeding or hyphema. Fundus examination OU was normal. By fluorescein angiography, the multifocal pupillary vascular tufts demonstrated mild staining without leakage. By OCTA, the tufts were clearly delineated and were fed by normal appearing radial iris vessels. OCT b-scan documented the optically dense vascular tufts at 0.1 mm in thickness and angio-overlay confirmed blood flow emanating from the deep iris stroma. Observation was recommended with the option of cataract surgery to improve vision. Conclusions and importance Non-invasive imaging of iris microhemangiomatosis with OCTA delineates the vascular lesion with flow arising from the posterior iris stroma.
Social and behavior change communication in the fight against malaria in Mozambique.

RESUMO As redes mosquiteiras impregnadas com insecticidade de longa duracao e/ou pulverizacao intra-domiciliaria, associada ao manejo de casos sao intervencoes-chave no controlo da malaria em Africa. O objetivo deste estudo foi comentar o papel da comunicacao para a mudanca social e de comportamento como intervencao potencialmente chave no controlo da malaria em Mocambique.
Glaucoma in primates: cytochrome oxidase reactivity in parvo- and magnocellular pathways.

Purpose To evaluate the differential effects of ganglion cell depletion from experimental glaucoma on the relative metabolic activities of neurons in the parvo (P)- and magno (M)-cellular visual pathways of the macaque visual system. Methods Monocular experimental glaucoma was induced in monkeys (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) by applying a laser to the trabecular meshwork to increase intraocular pressure (IOP). After other behavioral and electrophysiological studies, the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGNs) and the primary visual cortices were analyzed for functional afference from surviving ganglion cells, indicated by cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry. Results CO reactivity (COR) indicated a general reduction in neural metabolism with increasing severity of glaucoma. COR in the LGNs was reduced to the same degree in both the P- and M-cellular layers. In layer 4Cbeta of the V1 cortex, the reactivity was always reduced more than in the layer 4Calpha division. Conclusions Experimental glaucoma in monkeys reduces visual afference to the central nervous system, thereby reducing the metabolic drive as indicated by COR. The detrimental effect of glaucoma did not appear to be any greater for the M-cell, rather than the P-cell pathway in the LGN or in the visual cortex. Both are affected by the duration and severity of the experimental glaucoma. Overall, the alterations in metabolism of neurons in the parallel visual pathways supplied by the Palpha and Pbeta ganglion cells do not suggest that tests based on the functional properties of one or the other would provide optimal assessment of glaucoma.
Being Charitable: Librarian's $4 Million Bequest Presents Cautionary Tale

As a result, upon his death, Robert Morin had amassed an estate of over $4 million which he donated to the University of New Hampshire, his alma mater and employer. Morin’s gift had dedicated $100,000 to the Dimond Library to be used to provide scholarships for work-study students, support for staff members continuing their library science studies and renovations of the Library’s multi-media spaces. The remainder of the gift was not dedicated and in its announcement, the University indicated that $2.5 million was to be spent on an expansion of the career center and $1 million on a new video scoreboard at the football stadium. The University’s decision to apply a quarter of Mr. Morin’s gift to a video scoreboard resulted in a social media uproar. The law governing charitable organizations and donations, comes from a combination of state and federal laws, the common law, the law of contract, and “best practices.” It might be broken down into three main areas: the charitable organization, the donor and donation, and the use of the donation by the organization.
264 Pearl: pathway exploration and analysis in renal disease in the accelerating medicine partnership (amp) lupus network

Background and aims Despite treatments, a substantial proportion of lupus nephritis (LN) patients progress to end stage renal disease and death. Detailed transcriptomic analyses of LN kidneys may identify new therapeutic targets. Our goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of single cell and low-input transcriptomic analyses of LN kidney and urine cells. Methods Cells from urine and renal biopsies performed for clinical diagnosis from inform-consented patients (1 class III, 3 class IV+V, 1 class V) and 1 control (healthy part of tumour nephrectomy) were isolated, frozen, sorted and analysed by RNAseq. Results Bulk flow sorted cell populations (CD45, epithelial) from kidney samples can separate LN from controls based on gene expression. IFN stimulated genes were differentially expressed in renal CD45 LN cells. Analysis of single cells sorted from 4 LN kidney biopsies revealed major differences in infiltrates composition, with 2 samples demonstrating a high percentage of B cells (average of 18% compared to no B cells in the other 2 samples) and CD4 T cells (18% vs 8%), and low percentage of CD8 T cells (9% vs 23%). A high transcriptomic lupus interferon signature was detected in urine CD45 cells. Distinct infiltrates and distinct expression profiles were detected across patients. Conclusions The PEARL-Phase 0 project shows the feasibility of single cell isolation and transcriptomic analysis from LN kidney and urine. Analyses at a bigger scale in the two next phases of the project will accelerate discovery of new therapeutic targets and identification of biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions in lupus nephritis and integrate the treatment effect.
Quantification and pharmacokinetic study of tumor-targeting agent MHI148-clorgyline amide in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of MHI148-clorgyline amide (NMI-amide), a novel tumor-targeting monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, in mouse plasma. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability and then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of NMI-amide in mice following intravenous administration. NMI-amide together with the internal standard (IS), MHI-148, was extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantification of NMI-amide by detecting m/z transition of 491.2–361.9, and 685.3–258.2 for NMI-amide and the IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the HPLC–MS/MS method for NMI-amide was 0.005 μg/mL and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2 > 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.005–2 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the assay were assessed by percentage of the coefficient of variations, which was within 9.8% at LLOQ and 14.0% for other quality control samples, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 86.8% to 113.2%. The samples were stable under storage and experimental conditions. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice following intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg NMI-amide.
Cultivating affects: A feminist posthumanist analysis of invertebrate and human performativity in an urban community garden

Abstract In our everyday, multispecies worlds most of us encounter and sometimes sensorially interact with myriad invertebrate species, yet critical humanities and social science research tends to ignore humans' relationships with invertebrates more generally, and especially those involved in food production. Here, I begin by drawing on theories of animal performativity to foreground socioecological learning with invertebrates in a community garden space. I then describe the research site and methodologies employed to study the affective and performative dimensions of human-invertebrate relationships. Next, I examine how human material and discursive performances and invertebrate performances intersect in a suburban community garden in California, shaping affective relations between them. By focusing primarily on one undergraduate student's ontological shifts that include some invertebrate others, I demonstrate how the development of compassion and care for invertebrates is limited in complex ways by invertebrate performances interpreted as undesirable. I conclude by drawing out the implications of this research for educational studies, especially the interdisciplinary subfields of animal-focused education and critical food systems education.
Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery, Second Edition

(2006). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery, Second Edition. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 78-80.
SPONTANEOUS CYTOTOXICITY BY HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DUE TO A TIME DEPENDENT LOSS OF SUPPRESSOR CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the spontaneous cytotoxicity by human peripheral blood lymphocytes because of a time-dependent loss of suppressor cells. In a study described in the chapter, it was discovered that after in vitro culture, Ficoll–Hypaque-separated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells become spontaneously cytotoxic toward xenogeneic, allogeneic, and even syngeneic red blood cell targets after 7 days in media NCTC 109 supplemented with 2% PCS. All red-blood cell targets tested including burro, sheep, ox, rabbit, mouse, chicken, horse, and human were susceptible to lysis in a 51Cr release assay. Furthermore, in competition experiments, unlabeled unrelated RBCs compete as effectively as unlabeled RBCs that are identical to the 51Cr labeled target. This data suggests that the responsible effector cell exhibits little, if any, target specificity. The mechanism of the cytotoxic reaction is unknown. Although in vitro culture of cells depleted of Fc receptors using a 7S anti-ox RBC rosetting technique abrogates the development of cytotoxicity, addition of large excesses of aggregated ganmaglobulin or antigen antibody complexes has no effect on cytotoxic potential. This suggests that although the effector cell may initially exhibit an Fc receptor, cytotoxicity is not mediated through specific attachment to this receptor.
More Than an Engineer: Intersectional Self-Expressions in a Hashtag Activism Campaign for Engineering Diversity

The feminist theory of intersectionality asserts that experiences of social categories, such as gender, vary based on context and demographic factors and can be best understood by capturing and analyzing participants' self-expressions. Social media provide a novel setting to study this phenomenon. We examined participants' self-expressions on a campaign for increasing engineering diversity (#ILookLikeanEngineer) and found that, consistent with an intersectionality perspective, in addition to their identity as an engineer, participants opted to: a) expand upon and provide specifics about their engineering identity; b) expressed their affiliation with an institution or company; c) expressed personal aspects of their identity such as family or hobbies; d) expressed support for someone they knew who was an engineer; e) expressed solidarity with other social causes related to diversity; and f) expressed enthusiasm for or mentioned the campaign humorously. This study highlights the inherent complexity of identify that arises when people self-express themselves.
Effect of Arrival of Prior Mammograms on Recall Negation for Screening Mammograms Performed With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in a Clinical Setting.

Abstract Purpose This retrospective study evaluates the effect of comparison with prior mammograms on recall negation for screening mammography performed with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in a clinical setting and compares it with that performed without DBT. Methods This is an Institutional Review Board–approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of the electronic medical record for all nonbaseline screening mammograms performed in clinical practice over 13 months. For each mammogram, we recorded if DBT were used, the BI-RADS assigned at initial interpretation, and whether prior mammograms were available at initial interpretation. If prior mammograms arrived later for comparison, the final BI-RADS assigned after comparison was recorded. A mammogram assigned a BI-RADS 0 at initial interpretation and assigned a BI-RADS 1 or BI-RADS 2 after prior mammograms arrived for comparison was labeled as a recall that was negated by the arrival of prior mammograms. The number of recalls negated for mammograms that used DBT was compared with that for mammograms that did not use DBT. Results Arrival of prior mammograms for comparison negated the need for recall for mammograms performed with DBT by 67.67% and negated the need for recall for mammograms performed without DBT by 55.80%. After adjusting for age, density, and time between mammograms, the percentage of recalls negated by comparison with prior mammograms was not significantly different for mammograms performed with DBT than it was for those performed without DBT. Conclusion Comparison with prior mammograms remains important for the minimization of recall rates during the use of DBT for screening mammography in the clinical setting.
CONTINUOUS CULTURE - ITS INFLUENCE ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE

ABSTRACT Industrial continuous culture systems have evolved which are several orders of magnitude more complicated than the simple chemostat system. They involve multistage systems with internal and external recycle plus cell concentration and recycle. As such, these systems present interesting challenges to future fermentation technologists to understand their behavior.
Value-Added Models

An ongoing concern for researchers, policymakers, and educators is the contribution of educational inputs, such as individual schools and teachers, interventions, teaching practices, and school policies, to student achievement. Value-added modeling (VAM) estimates such effects from longitudinal student-achievement data. This article provides an overview of VAM describing its advantages and both the econometric and statistical approaches to it. It also discusses the concerns that VAM estimates may be biased or lack sufficient precision to support desired inferences. Three of the potential sources of bias are presented with summaries of the most recent empirical investigations of these issues.
Innovative Models in Mental Health Delivery Systems: Task Sharing Care with Non-specialist Providers to Close the Mental Health Treatment Gap.

Most people do not have access to adequate mental health care, and lack of skilled human resources is a major factor. We provide a narrative review of approaches to implementing task sharing—engaging non-specialist providers—to deliver mental health care. There is strong evidence both for the effectiveness of task sharing as a means of delivering care for a range of conditions across settings and for the effectiveness of non-specialist providers and health workers in delivering elements of culturally adapted psychosocial and psychological interventions for common and severe mental disorders. Key approaches to facilitate task sharing of care include balanced care, collaborative care, sustained training and supervision, use of trans-diagnostic interventions based on a dimensional approach to wellness and illness, and the use of emerging digital technologies. Non-specialist providers and health workers are well positioned to deliver evidence-based interventions for mental disorders, and a variety of delivery approaches can support, facilitate, and sustain this innovation. These approaches should be used, and evaluated, to increase access to mental health services.
SDN-enabled recovery for Smart Grid teleprotection applications in post-disaster scenarios

Abstract Maintaining Smart Grid communications is crucial for providing power services. This requires a resilient communication architecture that can instantly self-repair any failures in the communication links or routes. Emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology provides excellent flexibilities that can be applied to critical power grid applications. In this paper, we consider the problem of link failures in inter-substation communications and provide self-recovery by relying on wireless links that can be the only viable means for communication after disasters. Specifically, we propose an autonomous framework, which can not only detect link failures, but also establish either a WiFi or LTE-based link among substations through SDN capabilities. To be able to effectively evaluate the performance of this proposed SDN-enabled framework, we developed it in Mininet emulator. Since Mininet does not support LTE connections, we proposed several unique extensions to Mininet by integrating it with ns- 3 simulator that supports the LTE/WiFi protocol stacks. We conducted extensive experiments by considering a teleprotection application using GOOSE to assess the recovery performance of the proposed framework. The results show that SDN-based framework can meet the deadlines for teleprotection on wireless links during the times of link failures in a reliable fashion.
The effect of pH on rates of reaction and hydrogen generation during serpentinization

A series of three laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate how pH affects reaction pathways and rates during serpentinization. Two experiments were conducted under strongly alkaline conditions using olivine as reactant at 200 and 230°C, and the results were compared with previous studies performed using the same reactants and methods at more neutral pH. For both experiments, higher pH resulted in more rapid serpentinization of the olivine and generation of larger amounts of H2 for comparable reaction times. Proportionally greater amounts of Fe were partitioned into brucite and chrysotile and less into magnetite in the experiments conducted at higher pH. In a third experiment, alkaline fluids were injected into an ongoing experiment containing olivine and orthopyroxene to raise the pH from circumneutral to strongly alkaline conditions. Increasing the pH of the olivine-orthopyroxene experiment resulted in an immediate and steep increase in H2 production, and led to far more extensive reaction of the primary minerals compared to a similar experiment conducted under more neutral conditions. The results suggest that the development of strongly alkaline conditions in actively serpentinizing systems promotes increased rates of reaction and H2 production, enhancing the flux of H2 available to support biological activity in these environments. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Serpentinite in the Earth System'.
Tracking the invasion of breast cancer cells in paper-based 3D cultures by OCT motility analysis

3D paper-based cultures (PBCs) are easy-to-use and provide a biologically representative microenvironment. By stacking a sheet of cell-laden paper below sheets containing cell-free hydrogel, we form an assay capable of segmenting cells by the distance they invaded from the original cell-seeded layer. These invasion assays are limited to end-point analyses with fluorescence-based readouts due to the highly scattering nature of the paper scaffolds. Here we demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can distinguish living cells from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or paper fibers based upon their intracellular motility amplitude (M). M is computed from fluctuation statistics of the sample, rejects shot noise, and is invariant to OCT signal attenuation. Using OCT motility analysis, we tracked the invasion of breast cancer cells over a 3-day period in 4-layer PBCs (160–300 µm thick) in situ. The cell population distributions determined with OCT are highly correlated with those obtained by fluorescence imaging, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.903. The ability of OCT motility analysis to visualize live cells and quantify cell distributions in PBC assays in situ and longitudinally provides a novel means for understanding how chemical gradients within the tumor microenvironment affect cellular invasion.
Expedited surgery in geriatric hip fracture patients taking direct oral anticoagulants is not associated with increased short-term complications or mortality rates.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential differences in time to surgery, bleeding risk, wound complications, length of stay, transfusion rate, and 30-day mortality between patients anticoagulated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and those not anticoagulated at the time of evaluation for an acute hip fracture. Design Retrospective chart review Level III Study. Setting One university-based hospital in Rochester, NY. Patients/intervention : Patients 65 years and older undergoing operative treatment of a hip fracture over a 5-year period. Chart review identified patients on DOAC therapy at the time of injury as well as an age and sex-matched control group not on anticoagulation. Main outcome measurements : Demographics, procedure type, admission/postoperative laboratory work, perioperative metrics, transfusion metrics, discharge course, reoperation, readmission, wound complications, and 30-day mortality were obtained for comparison. Results Thirty-six hip fractures anticoagulated on DOACs were compared to 108 controls. The DOAC group had delays to operative treatment (27.6 h, SD 16.3 h, 95% CL [22.0-33.1]) vs the control group (19.8 h, SD 10.5 h, 95% CL [17.7-21.8], P = .01). No differences were found in estimated blood loss, procedure time, or change in hemoglobin. Transfusion rates were not significantly different between groups (58.3% DOAC vs 47.2% control, P = .25). No difference in reoperation, readmission, wound complication, deep venous thrombosis rates, or 30-day mortality rates were found. Conclusion Patients presenting on DOAC therapy at the time of hip fracture have a delay to surgery compared with age and sex-matched controls, but no increase in short term complications or mortality rates. Expedited surgery (within 48 h) appeared to be safe and effective treatment for hip fracture patients on DOAC therapies.
Learning Individual Behavior Using Sensor Data: The Case of Global Positioning System Traces and Taxi Drivers

In this study, using a Bayesian learning model with a rich data set consisting of 2 million fine-grained GPS observations, we study the role of information observable by or made available to taxi d...
An efficient approximation of the supercell approach to the calculation of the full phonon spectrum

Abstract The supercell approach to first-principles calculations of an alloy's full phonon spectrum is computationally expensive. It is therefore rarely used for calculating temperature dependent free energies of alloy phases or for calculating alloy phase diagrams. Amid the wider acceptance of uncertainty evaluation and the use of more efficient methods for materials design, the supercell approach is revisited and a simpler and more computationally efficient approximation is proposed. The new method is then used to calculate the Cr-Ni temperature dependent thermodynamic properties and phase diagram, resulting in predictions that are in good agreement with previous thermodynamic assessment. The new approach can facilitate accurate and rapid CALPHAD thermodynamic assessments of multi-component systems.
Getting better mileage with logically primed CARs

Although remarkably successful against liquid tumors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been stymied by solid tumors, limited by inadequate specificity and poor efficacy. Pairing synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors with CARs, Choe et al. and Hyrenius-Wittsten et al. engineer T cells that more precisely and potently combat solid tumors.
Functional status in postural tachycardia syndrome

IntroductionPostural tachycardia syndrome is a form of orthostatic intolerance that often leads to functional impairment.MethodsThis survey explored functional status and impact of symptoms in adul...
Metabolomics applied to the pancreatic islet

Metabolomics, the characterization of the set of small molecules in a biological system, is advancing research in multiple areas of islet biology. Measuring a breadth of metabolites simultaneously provides a broad perspective on metabolic changes as the islets respond dynamically to metabolic fuels, hormones, or environmental stressors. As a result, metabolomics has the potential to provide new mechanistic insights into islet physiology and pathophysiology. Here we summarize advances in our understanding of islet physiology and the etiologies of type-1 and type-2 diabetes gained from metabolomics studies.
The Names Flavius and Aurelius as Status Designations in Later Roman Egypt

Bickermann, Edikt: Elias Bickermann, Das Edikt des Kaisers Caracalla in P. Giss.40 (Diss. Berlin 1926) Hardy, Large Estates: E. R. Hardy, The Large Estates of Byzantine Egypt (Studies in History, Economics and Public Law ed. by the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University No. 354, New York 1931) Jones, LRE: A. H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire 284-602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey (Oxford 1964) Keenan, Nomina: James G. Keenan, The Nomina Flavius and Aurelius: A Question of Status in Byzantine Egypt (Diss. Yale 1968) Lallemand: Jacqueline Lallemand, L'administration civile de l'Egypte de l'av?nement de Diocl?tien ? la cr?ation du dioc?se (284-382) (M?moires de l'Acad?mie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Lettres 57: 2, Brussels 1964) Maspero, Org. mi lit.: Organisation militaire de l'Egypte byzantine (Biblioth?que de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences historiques et philologiques, No. 201, Paris 1912) PLRE: A. H.M. Jones, J.R. Martindale, J. Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: A.D. 260-395 (Cambridge New York 1971) Roui I lard: Germaine Roui I lard, L'administration civile de l'Egypte byzantine (2nd ed., Paris 1928)