cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Value of Mitigation and Contingency Strategies for Managing Supply Chain Disruption Risks

We study a single-product setting in which a firm can source from two suppliers, one that is unreliable and another that is reliable but more expensive. Suppliers are capacity constrained, but the reliable supplier may possess volume flexibility. We prove that in the special case in which the reliable supplier has no flexibility and the unreliable supplier has infinite capacity, a risk-neutral firm will pursue a single disruption-management strategy: mitigation by carrying inventory, mitigation by single-sourcing from the reliable supplier, or passive acceptance. We find that a suppliers percentage uptime and the nature of the disruptions (frequent but short versus rare but long) are key determinants of the optimal strategy. For a given percentage uptime, sourcing mitigation is increasingly favored over inventory mitigation as disruptions become less frequent but longer. Further, we show that a mixed mitigation strategy (partial sourcing from the reliable supplier and carrying inventory) can be optimal if the unreliable supplier has finite capacity or if the firm is risk averse. Contingent rerouting is a possible tactic if the reliable supplier can ramp up its processing capacity, that is, if it has volume flexibility. We find that contingent rerouting is often a component of the optimal disruption-management strategy, and that it can significantly reduce the firms costs. For a given percentage uptime, mitigation rather than contingent rerouting tends to be optimal if disruptions are rare.
Monitoring Service Systems from a Language-Action Perspective

Business processes are increasingly distributed and open, making them prone to failure. Monitoring is, therefore, an important concern not only for the processes themselves but also for the services that comprise these processes. We present a framework for multilevel monitoring of these service systems. It formalizes interaction protocols, policies, and commitments that account for standard and extended effects following the language-action perspective, and allows specification of goals and monitors at varied abstraction levels. We demonstrate how the framework can be implemented and evaluate it with multiple scenarios that include specifying and monitoring open-service policy commitments.
Goal-Selection and Movement-Related Conflict during Bimanual Reaching Movements

Conflict during bimanual movements can arise during the selection of movement goals or during movement planning and execution. We demonstrate a behavioral and neural dissociation of these 2 types of conflict. During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, participants performed bimanual reaching movements with symmetric (congruent) or orthogonal (incongruent) trajectories. The required movements were indicated either spatially, by illuminating the targets, or symbolically, using centrally presented letters. The processing of symbolic cues led to increased activation in a left hemisphere network including the intraparietal sulcus, premotor cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus. Reaction time cost for incongruent movements was substantially larger for symbolic than for spatial cues, indicating that the cost was primarily associated with the selection and assignment of movement goals, demands that are minimized when goals are directly specified by spatial cues. This goal-selection conflict increased activity in the pre--supplementary motor area and cingulate motor areas. Both cueing conditions led to larger activation for incongruent movements in the convexity of the superior parietal cortex, bilaterally, making this region a likely neural site for conflict that arises during the planning and execution of bimanual movements. These results suggest distinct neural loci for 2 forms of constraint on our ability to perform bimanual reaching movements.
Fire History and Stand Structure of High Quality Black Oak (Quercus velutina) Sand Savannas

ABSTRACT: We surveyed high quality, remnant black oak sand savannas across four sites in northeastern Illinois to compare characteristics of stand structure and tree vigor with fire history. Dendrochronological methods were applied to 289 dated fire scars identified on 60 Quercus velutina trees. Stand structure was characterized using 30 circular plots (0.04 ha each) per stand during summer 2007. Tree recruitment dynamics differed among the four stands, suggesting that canopy decline dynamics among them is likely to differ in coming decades. Frequent fire intervals (less than two years) were associated with canopy openness, but also a paucity of future canopy trees. Under these frequent fire regimes, we predict a loss of canopy cover, as no smaller trees were present to assume dominance. Fire intervals longer than two years were associated with transition to closed canopy forests. These results suggest that savanna managers should consider other disturbances, such as selective cutting and or grazing, alon...
Seasonal meso‐ and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac river system

The northern snakehead (Channa argus) is a large piscivorous fish that is invasive in eastern Europe and has recently been introduced in North America. We examined the seasonal habitat selection at meso- and microhabitat scales using radio-telemetry to increase understanding of the ecology of this species, which will help to inform management decisions. After the spawning season (postspawn season, September-November), northern snakeheads preferred offshore Eurasian water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) beds with shallow water (� 115 cm) and soft substrate. In the winter (November-April), these fish moved to deeper water (� 135 cm) with warmer temperatures, but habitat selection was weak at both scales. Northern snakeheads returned to shallower water (� 95 cm) in the prespawn season (April-June) and used milfoil and other cover. Habitat selection was the strongest at both meso- and microhabitat scales during the spawning season (June-September), when fish preferred macrophytes and cover in shallow water (� 88 cm). Our results help to identify habitats at the risk of invasion by northern snakeheads. We suggest that control efforts and future research focus on shallow waters, and take into consideration the seasonal habitat preferences.
CAPTA Referrals for Infants and Toddlers Measuring Early Interventionists’ Perceptions

In 2003, Congress amended the Child Abuse Protection and Treatment Act (CAPTA) to require that all child victims of substantiated abuse or neglect under the age of 3 years be assessed for developmental concerns. To date, there has been little study of CAPTA’s implementation in Part C early intervention programs. The Professional Interventionist CAPTA Survey (PICS) was developed to assess perceptions of Part C providers related to serving children and families referred from child welfare. The PICS provides a measure of providers’ perceptions of the CAPTA mandate. Initial results of the PICS suggest that it holds promise for future implementation research and program assessment for Part C early childhood intervention related to CAPTA.
Channel evolution on the dammed Elwha River, Washington, USA

Abstract Like many rivers in the western U.S., the Elwha River, Washington, has changed substantially over the past century in response to natural and human forcing. The lower river is affected by two upstream dams that are slated for removal as part of a major river restoration effort. In preparation for studying the effects of dam removal, we present a comprehensive field and aerial photographic analysis of dam influence on an anabranching, gravel-bed river. Over the past century with the dams in place, loss of the upstream sediment supply has caused spatial variations in the sedimentary and geomorphic character of the lower Elwha River channel. Bed sediment is armored and better sorted than on the naturally evolving bed upstream of the dams. On time scales of flood seasons, the channel immediately below the lower dam is fairly stable, but progresses toward greater mobility downstream such that the lowermost portion of the river responded to a recent 40-year flood with bank erosion and bed-elevation changes on a scale approaching that of the natural channel above the dams. In general, channel mobility in the lowest 4 km of the Elwha River has not decreased substantially with time. Enough fine sediment remains in the floodplain that – given sufficient flood forcing – the channel position, sinuosity, and braiding index change substantially. The processes by which this river accesses new fine sediment below the dams (rapid migration into noncohesive banks and avulsion of new channels) allow it to compensate for loss of upstream sediment supply more readily than would a dammed river with cohesive banks or a more limited supply of alluvium. The planned dam removal will provide a valuable opportunity to evaluate channel response to the future restoration of natural upstream sediment supply.
Temporal response of CZT detectors under intense irradiation

The temporal response of CdZnTe (CZT) detectors is measured under different X-ray flux, spectra, and detector bias conditions. A comprehensive model has been developed to investigate the detector response under these conditions. The calculations have been compared with our measured results. Reasonable qualitative agreement is shown between the model and measurement results. This model provides a powerful tool to understand the detector temporal response, photocurrent dependence on the irradiation intensity, bias voltage, and defect characteristics. Understanding the detector response from a microscopic level can provide a guide to improve material properties and detector device design.
Viral-Load-Dependent Effects of Liver Injury and Regeneration on Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Mice

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can cause severe liver diseases. By conducting studies using four different transgenic mouse lines that carry either the wild-type HBV genome or the HBV genome incapable of expressing the X gene, we found that liver injury and regeneration induced by a partial hepatectomy (PHx) could have different effects on HBV replication depending on the mouse lines. Further studies using hydrodynamic injection to introduce different amounts of the HBV genomic DNA into the mouse liver revealed that liver injury and regeneration induced by PHx enhanced HBV replication when viral load was low and suppressed HBV replication when viral load was high. These effects of liver injury and regeneration on HBV were independent of the HBV X protein and apparently due to alpha and beta interferons (IFN-α/β), as the effects could be abolished by the injection of anti-IFN-α/β antibodies. Further analysis indicated that PHx could induce the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 gamma (HNF3γ) when viral load was low and activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and suppress the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) irrespective of viral load. As both HNF3γ and Stat3 are required to activate the HBV enhancer I to stimulate HBV gene expression and replication, these results provided an explanation to the viral-load-dependent effect of liver injury and regeneration on HBV replication. Our studies thus revealed a novel interaction between HBV and its host and provided important information for understanding HBV replication and pathogenesis during liver injury.
To ‘midwife’ – and abort – a democracy: Mauritania's transition from military rule, 2005–2008

The 3 August 2005 military coup was Mauritania's best opportunity to turn the page on decades of the deposed quasi-military regime's destructive politics. This article critically analyses relevant aspects of the transition that ensued in the context of the prevailing models of military withdrawal from politics in Africa. It also examines the challenges that Mauritania's short-lived Third Republic faced. It argues that the transition process did not escape the well-known African military junta leader's proclivity to manipulate transitions to fulfil suddenly awakened self-seeking political ambitions, in violation of solemn promises. While there was no old-fashioned ballot stuffing to decide electoral outcomes, Mauritania's junta leader and his lieutenants spared no effort to keep the military very much involved in politics, and to perpetuate a strong sense of entitlement to political power. Originally designed as an ingenious ‘delayed self-succession’ of sorts, in the end, another coup aborted Mauritania's democratisation process and threw its institutions in a tailspin. This only exacerbated the challenges that have saddled Mauritania's political system and society for decades – unhealthy civil-military relations, a dismal ‘human rights deficit’, terrorism, and a neo-patrimonial, disastrously mismanaged economy.
A Comparative Study of the Productivity Index of Horizontal Well

This study looks into the comparison of the different productivity index model, in other to know that which will be suitable for high productivity and it also investigates the effect of reservoir and well parameters on the productivity index of horizontal well. It also analyses the effect of skin due to partial completion on productivity index using the three partial well completion configurations of Brons and Marting. The results indicate that PI increases with increase well length for all the productivity index models, the Giger’s model will produce a higher productivity than the other models for the same well length variations. It also shows PI increased with increase in well length and anisotropy value, and that horizontal wells are better suited for thin beds. The result of the effect of completion method on skin shows that wells that are perforated at equal interval along the wellbore experienced a little or no skin effect thereby enhancing productivity.
Correlations between Success in Student Teaching and Success on the Job

(1942). Correlations between Success in Student Teaching and Success on the Job. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 397-399.
Automated lung sound analysis in patients with pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: To determine whether objectively detected lung sounds were significantly different in patients with pneumonia than those in asymptomatic subjects, and to quantify the pneumonia findings for teaching purposes. METHODS: At a community teaching hospital we used a multi-channel lung sound analyzer to examine a learning sample of 50 patients diagnosed with pneumonia and 50 control subjects. Automated quantification and characterization of the lung sounds commonly recognized to be associated with pneumonia were used to generate an “acoustic pneumonia score.“ These were examined in the learning sample and then prospectively tested in 50 patients and 50 controls. RESULTS: The acoustic pneumonia score averaged 13 in the learning sample and 11 in the test sample of pneumonia patients. The scores were 2 and 3 in the controls. The positive predictive value of a score higher than 6 was 0.94 in the learning sample and 0.87 in the test sample. The sensitivities in the 2 groups were 0.90 and 0.78, and the specificities were 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. Adventitious sounds were more common in pneumonia patients (inspiratory crackles 81% vs 28%, expiratory crackles 65% vs 9%, rhonchi 19% vs 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our lung sound analyzer found significant differences between lung sounds in patients with pneumonia and in asymptomatic controls. Computerized lung sound analysis can provide objective evidence supporting the diagnosis of pneumonia. We believe that the lung-sound data produced by our device will help to teach physical diagnosis.
Symmetry Investigation of Textured Polycrystal Properties (Invited)

Tantalum plate and rod materials that demonstrate mild-to-strong anisotropic plastic flow during large deformation are analyzed in terms of tensorial property symmetry. Texture interrogations of these materials reveal duplex orientation components that have implications with regard to the symmetry realized during plastic deformation; specifically these materials show less symmetry than one would expect from a cursory examination of the texture. Mesoscale polycrystal simulations are performed to probe a general shape for the yield surface function based on a discrete orientation distribution representation of the material texture and previously established single-crystal deformation modes. The yield surface shape is mathematically represented in terms of second and higher-order tensors. A plastic compliance analysis is presented and applied to graphically map the deformation symmetry contained in these tensors for both ideal and real materials. Compliance results are shown to be consistent with finite element simulations of r-value specimens loaded in uniaxial tension.
Hidden Sector Hydrogen as Dark Matter: Small-scale Structure Formation Predictions and the Importance of Hyperfine Interactions

We study the atomic physics and the astrophysical implications of a model in which the dark matter is the analog of hydrogen in a secluded sector. The self-interactions between dark matter particles include both elastic scatterings as well as inelastic processes due to a hyperfine transition. The self-interaction cross sections are computed by numerically solving the coupled Schr\"odinger equations for this system. We show that these self-interactions exhibit the right velocity dependence to explain the low dark matter density cores seen in small galaxies while being consistent with all constraints from observations of clusters of galaxies. For a viable solution, the dark hydrogen mass has to be in the 10--100 GeV range and the dark fine-structure constant has to be larger than 0.01. This range of model parameters requires the existence of a dark matter--antimatter asymmetry in the early universe to set the relic abundance of dark matter. For this range of parameters, we show that significant cooling losses may occur due to inelastic excitations to the hyperfine state and subsequent decays, with implications for the evolution of low-mass halos and the early growth of supermassive black holes. Cooling from excitations to higher $n$ levels of dark hydrogen and subsequent decays is possible at the cluster scale, with a strong dependence on halo mass. Finally, we show that the minimum halo mass is in the range of $1{0}^{3.5}$ to $1{0}^{7}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ for the viable regions of parameter space, significantly larger than the typical predictions for weakly interacting dark matter models. This pattern of observables in cosmological structure formation is unique to this model, making it possible to rule in or rule out hidden sector hydrogen as a viable dark matter model.
Defense priming by non-jasmonate producing fatty acids in maize (Zea mays)

ABSTRACTPreviously, we described a priming effect of α-linolenic acid (LnA) on anti-herbivore defense response in maize seedlings.1 We showed that exogenous application of LnA stimulated higher jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) emission after treatment with insect elicitor (IE). To further investigate the specificity of LnA's priming effect, we incubated maize seedlings in palmitoleic acid (PeicA), γ-linolenic acid (γ LnA) and stearic acid (StA) solutions, and analyzed HIPV emission in response to IE. Seedlings incubated in PeicA and γ LnA had 3 and 1.8 times higher HIPV release when compared to controls. In contrast, treatment with StA did not up-regulate HIPV release. We propose that the elevated level and/or the presence of unsaturated fatty acids sensitize the defense signaling system, which in turn augments the defense response of maize when under insect herbivore attack.
Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging

Perfusion MRI shows areas of low blood flow (hypoperfusion) that correspond to dysfunctional brain tissue that may not be structurally damaged. When combined with structural MRI it can reveal the entire regions of dysfunctional brain tissue that might account for specific language deficits in stroke patients. This article illustrates how various types of perfusion MRI, in combination with language testing, can help to identify neural regions that are crucial for (or activated during) specific language functions.
Detecting Drinking-Related Contents on Social Media by Classifying Heterogeneous Data Types

One common health problem in the US faced by colleges and universities is binge drinking. College students often post drinking related texts and images on social media as a socially desirable identity. Some public health and clinical research scholars have surveyed different social media sites manually to understand their behavior patterns. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of mining the heterogeneous data scattered on social media to identify drinking-related contents, which is the first step towards unleashing the potential of social media in automatic detection of binge drinking users. We use the state-of-the-art algorithms such as Support Vector Machine and neural networks to classify drinking from non-drinking posts, which contain not only text, but also images and videos. Our results show that combining heterogeneous data types, we are able to identify drinking related posts with an overall accuracy of 82%. Prediction models based on text data is more reliable compared to the other two models built on image and video data for predicting drinking related contents.
Inpatient quality metrics in neurology A grand challenge

The need to ensure quality in medicine has become paramount in the current environment of health care accountability, affordability, and access. There are many tools that are used to ensure quality, including peer review, continuing medical education, maintenance of certification, formal disease-specific guidelines,1 and quality measures.2 The lines between these various tools can sometimes be blurred and lead to confusion for the clinical neurologist.
Container-based Emulation of Network Control Plane

An ongoing challenge in network system development is in evaluating the design and implementation of its control plane, without actually deploying it at production scale. Existing approaches based on simulation or emulation have various limitations. The emergence of containers offers a new way of emulating network control plane. In this paper, we design a container-based emulation framework, and introduce its implementation with two concrete use cases: a centralized SDN control plane design in Open Virtual Network (OVN) and a decentralized design in Docker's libnetwork. Through sample scalability studies on these two designs, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

Fetal heart rate monitoring or cardiotocography is a standard perinatal monitor that provides important information about the status of the fetus. Due to the monitor’s ubiquity, it is important for the consultant to be familiar with the monitor, the information it provides, and its limitations. Despite its common use, there is no clear consensus that cardiotocography reduces severe comorbidity or mortality.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Palsy in the Beach Chair Position

Purpose To report on the prevalence of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) palsy in patients who had undergone shoulder surgery in the beach chair position and to identify patient and surgical risk factors for its development. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 397 consecutive patients who underwent either open or arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position by a single surgeon. Patient demographic and surgical data including age, gender, weight, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, procedure duration, and anesthesia type (general, regional, regional/general) were recorded. LFCN palsy symptoms were recorded prospectively at the initial postoperative visit and identified clinically by focal pain, numbness, and/or tingling over the anterolateral thigh. Results The median patient age was 59.0 years and consisted of 158 males (40%) and 239 (60%) females. Five cases of LFCN palsy were identified for a prevalence of 1.3%. These patients had a higher median weight (108.9 kg vs 80.7 kg, P = .005) and BMI (39.6 vs 29.4, P = .005) than the patients who did not develop LFCN palsy. Median age, gender, diabetes, and surgical time were not significantly different between the groups. All cases resolved completely within 6 months. Conclusions LFCN palsy after shoulder surgery in the beach chair position in our study has a prevalence of 1.3%, making it an uncommon complication. Patients with elevated BMI should be counseled about its possible occurrence after shoulder surgery in the beach chair position. Level of Evidence Level IV, prognostic.
Gendered Student Ideals in STEM in Higher Education

Using the framework of feminist standpoint theory, this study explored the everyday work of undergraduate STEM students to identify STEM institutional cultural norms and standards that organize and...
On Creating Positive Spillovers to Improve the Health of Populations: A Public Health of Consequence, February 2018.

An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about a public health of consequence concept and efforts to improve population health as of 2018, and it mentions other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with cost-related medication nonadherence among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients. Food costs and opioid abuse-related deaths are examined, along with living wages, stable housing, and food security.
‘Getting our spirits out’, letting youth spirits and life worlds into the classroom through youth radio arts for transnational students

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the cultural practices that were introduced in a radio improv class on the first day of Youth Radio Arts for immigrant students, and how these practices served as resour...
Unraveling within-host signatures of dengue infection at the population level.

Abstract Dengue virus causes worldwide concern with nearly 100 million infected cases reported annually. The within-host dynamics differ between primary and secondary infections, where secondary infections with a different virus serotype typically last longer, produce higher viral loads, and induce more severe disease. We build upon the variable within-host virus dynamics during infections resulting in mild dengue fever and severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. We couple these within-host virus dynamics to a population-level model through a system of partial differential equations creating an immuno-epidemiological model. The resulting multiscale model examines the dynamics of between-host infections in the presence of two circulating virus strains that involves feedback from the within-host and between-hosts interactions, encompassing multiple scales. We analytically determine the relationship between the model parameters and the characteristics of the model’s solutions, and find an analytical threshold under which infections persist in the population. Furthermore, we develop and implement a full numerical scheme for our immuno-epidemiological model, allowing the simulation of population dynamics under variable parameter conditions.
Evaluation of Storm Water Surface Runoff and Road Debris as Sources of Water Pollution

Street sweeping is regularly performed within cities and residential communities to reduce roadway debris and ensure properly functioning storm water management systems. Given removal of plant and soil debris, street sweeping may also reduce nonpoint source pollution through removal of leachate source material. To assess the influence of street sweeping on storm water pollutants, 36 storm water collection devices were installed within six residential communities in Central Florida and subjected to varying municipal sweeping regimes. Additionally, precipitation and storm water retention pond leachate samplers were installed to quantify pollutant sources that may enter and leave selected urban communities. Despite high variability in percentage of impervious surfaces, population density, and volume of road debris among communities, no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate + nitrite (NOx), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in storm water among communities or between swept and unswept areas of roadways. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for TKN, NOx, and TP concentrations in precipitation and storm water. Significant differences in orthophosphate (ortho-P), however, were observed between communities and precipitation. Additionally, storm water TP concentrations were greater than discharge estimated to originate from communities within the study area. Although street sweeping may be effective at reducing volume of roadway debris, our data did not find it reduced N or P in storm water.
Comorbid conditions in lichen planopilaris: A retrospective data analysis of 334 patients.

Abstract Background Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a rare, cicatricial, lymphocyte-mediated alopecia that is thought to have an autoimmune pathogenesis and possibly related to other autoimmune diseases. However, data are limited and studies that examine comorbid conditions are lacking. Objectives We sought to determine the prevalence of systemic comorbid conditions, nutritional deficiencies, psychological problems, and skin cancers in patients with LPP. Methods We identified 334 patients with LPP who were seen in the Department of Dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 2000 and 2016. Patients with LPP were compared with 78 control patients with a diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis. Results There were more female patients with LPP compared with the controls (93.1% vs. 79.5%; p Conclusions Our study further emphasizes that dermatologists should screen patients with LPP for autoimmune disorders that are associated with LPP and complete a full metabolic workup to avoid missing other abnormalities. The importance of atopy, autoimmune disorders, endocrine disorders, nutritional deficiencies, psychological problems, and skin cancers in patients with scarring alopecia should be better understood.
Comparing biofloc, clear-water, and hybrid nursery systems (Part I): shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production, water quality, and stable isotope dynamics.

Abstract Indoor, intensive, nursery-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can provide high-quality juvenile shrimp for indoor or pond-based production systems in a biosecure manner. However, it is unclear what type of RAS is most appropriate for indoor shrimp nurseries. This study compared three types of RAS nurseries: biofloc (BF), clear-water (CW), and hybrid (HY). Each treatment included four, randomly assigned 160 L (0.35-m2) tanks that were stocked with 3000 post-larvae shrimp m−3. The post-larvae (PL10) shrimp had an initial average weight of 7 ± 0.0 mg and were grown for 48 days. The BF tanks included external settling chambers as the only filtration mechanism. The CW tanks had settling chambers, foam fractionators, and external biofilters to fully clarify the water and process nitrogenous waste. Hybrid tanks included settling chambers, and external biofilters to maintain some suspended solids along with external biofiltration. Overall, the CW treatment had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH levels than the BF and HY systems. The HY treatment had significantly higher DO than the BF treatment. Nitrite concentration was significantly higher in the HY treatment than the CW treatment. Turbidity in the BF treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. On the final sample date, the BF treatment had significantly higher nitrite and nitrate concentrations than the other treatments. Differences between treatments in terms of shrimp survival, mean harvest weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were not significant. The final weight of the shrimp at 48 days for the BF, CW, and HY were 670 mg, 640 mg, and 590 mg respectively. A stable isotope mixing model indicated that, in the BF treatment, 13% of the C and 34% of the N in harvested shrimp tissue may have originated from biofloc material, signifying some nutrient recycling. The nitrification process was more effective with the inclusion of an external biofilter. All three system types appear suitable for RAS shrimp nursery production although consideration should be given to water quality consistency and filtration costs.
Fluorescence Studies of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure of microtubules and their organization during the cell cycle and in the mitotic spindle during mitosis. Microtubules are dynamic components of the cell cytoskeleton that participate in many cellular processes including vesicle transport, cell morphogenesis, polarized organization of organelles, directed cell motility, and mitosis. Most of the microtubules in the interphase cytoplasmic microtubule complex and the mitotic spindle are labile, dynamic structures that exchange tubulin subunits rapidly with a soluble tubulin pool. In contrast, the microtubules of the axonemes of cilia and flagella are stable structures. The chapter also discusses fluorescence approaches to the analysis of microtubule dynamics. Fluorescence techniques have provided valuable information on microtubule dynamics in living cells. The two most useful techniques for these studies have been fluorescence analog cytochemistry (FAC) and fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP). FAC techniques use sensitive fluorescence microscopy and image enhancement methods to follow the incorporation of fluorescently labeled protein subunits into cellular protein polymers. FRAP techniques provide a means to study steady-state polymerization dynamics.
Competing conceptions of individualism in contemporary American AIDS policy: A re-examination of neo-institutionalist analysis

L'A. examine les differentes conceptions de l'individualisme qui sous-tendent les divers types de politiques de prevention du SIDA elaborees aux Etats-Unis. Il propose une lecture critique de l'analyse neo-institutionnaliste de ce type de phenomene. Il se demande s'il existe veritablement une vision proprement americaine de l'individu. Il considere en detail les politiques mises en place aux Etats-Unis de prevention, de depistage, de traitement du SIDA et de lutte contre les discriminations a l'encontre des malades infectes par ce virus.
Injury and Repair of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma

Injury of the surface epithelium of the airway is a well recognized and prominent feature in asthma (1,2). Desquamation of clusters of ciliated epithelial cells occur regularly. Recognized as a feature of asthma, these epithelial cell clusters have been termed “creola bodies (3)”. Histologic studies of airways following an acute episode of asthma often reveal marked loss of the surface lining cells. Occasionally, the basement membrane may be covered only by basal cells. The precise mechanisms which lead to this damage of the airway epithelium are unclear. Current concepts suggest, however, that the epithelium is damaged as a consequence of the inflammatory process which characterizes an acute episode of asthma. Vasodilatation with leakage of fluid into the interstitial space may create hydrostatic forces which could damage the surface epithelium (4). In addition, acute asthma is characterized by a marked accumulation of acute inflammatory cells including eosinophils and neutrophils (5-11). Both of these cell types possess a considerable armamentarium of proteases, oxidants and toxic molecules. There are, therefore, a number of mechanisms by which airway epithelial cell damage could result. In this regard, eosinophil major basic protein has been demonstrated to be toxic to airway epithelial cells in culture (12). Similarly, activated neutrophils are capable of causing airway epithelial cell cytotoxicity (13). Purified human neutrophil elastase, moreover, is capable of inducing epithelial cell detachment from the subjacent matrix (14).
Antiobesity Effects of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCH-R1) Antagonists

Despite remarkable progress in the elucidation of energy balance and regulation, the development of new antiobesity drugs is still at the stage of infancy. This review describes the MCH and MCH receptor system with regard to its involvement in energy homeostasis and summarizes the pharmacological profiles of selected small molecule MCH-R1 antagonists that are relevant for their development as antiobesity drugs. Although their clinical value still has to be demonstrated, and challenges with regard to unwanted side effects remain to be resolved, MCH-R1 antagonists may provide an effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of obesity in the near future.
Immunity to bovine reproductive infections

Protective immune responses in the genital tract are robust, as shown by convalescent and vaccine-induced immunity. Systemic immunity is crucial for systemic infections that result in reproductive failure (such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, and the systemic forms of C. fetus and H. somnus infection). Although IgA responses can protect against sexually transmitted or venereal infections, systemically induced IgG antibody responses also protect. IgA responses can be induced by immunization of the genital tract, where inductive sites develop after antigenic stimulation. The common mucosal immune system can also be used to induce a genital IgA response, as shown by intranasal vaccination. Lastly, it is necessary to determine which antigens of each infectious agent are protective and which types of immune responses protect best.
Cystic fibrosis papers of the year 2013.

Summary Studies published in the last year have highlighted the need for age and disease severity appropriate outcome measures. There is conflicting evidence on the usefulness of CT scans in infancy, but increasingly lung clearance index (LCI) appears a sensitive and repeatable measure in those with milder CF lung disease. The number of well designed appropriately powered intervention studies continues to increase.
Survival Analysis in S-Plus

The S statistical programming language from AT&T Bell Labs, and its commercially distributed extension, S-plus, are popular environments for development of new statistical analysis applications. A freely available package of S/S-plus functions contributed by Terry Therneau can be used to carry out proportional hazards and parametric survival analyses with censored data.
Successful Digital Revascularization in a Patient With Factor V Leiden Mutation

Replantation/revascularization involves microsurgical anastomosis of the digital arteries and veins, which are often 2 mm or less in diameter. Thrombosis is a known risk of revascularization that ultimately can lead to ischemic digital loss. Factor V Leiden mutation is present in 3% to 8% of the population and results in generalized hypercoagulability. We present the case of a single-digit revascularization that was successful following vein grafting in a patient with factor V Leiden mutation.
The Impact of Portal Satisfaction on Portal Use and Health-Seeking Behavior: Structural Equation Analysis

Background: Our study addresses a gap in the modern information systems (IS) use literature by investigating factors that explain patient portal satisfaction (SWP) and perceptions about health-seeking behavior (HSB). A novel feature of our study is the incorporation of actual portal use data rather than the perceptions of use intention, which prevails in the modern IS literature. Objective: This study aimed to empirically validate factors that influence SWP as an influencing agent on portal use and HSB. Our population segment was comprised of college students with active patient portal accounts. Methods: Using web-based survey data from a population of portal users (n=1142) in a university health center, we proposed a theoretical model that adapts constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model by Davis, the revised Technology Adoption Model by Venkatesh, the Unified Theory of the Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, and the Health Belief Model by Rosenstock et al. We validated our model using structural equation modeling techniques. Results: Our model explained nearly 65% of the variance in SWP (R2=0.6499), nearly 33% of the variance in portal use (R2=0.3250), and 29% of the variance in HSB (R2=0.2900). Statistically significant antecedents of SWP included social influence (beta=.160, t499=6.145), habit (beta=.114, t499=4.89), facilitating conditions (beta=.062, t499=2.401), effort expectancy (beta=.311, t499=11.149), and performance expectancy (beta=.359, t499=11.588). SWP influenced HSB (beta=.505, t499=19.705) and portal use (beta=.050, t499=2.031). We did not find a statistically significant association between portal use and HSB (beta=.015, t499=0.513). Perceived severity significantly influenced HSB (beta=.129, t499=4.675) but not portal use (beta=.012, t499=.488). Conclusions: Understanding the importance of SWP and the role it plays in influencing HSB may point to future technology design considerations for information technology developers and health care providers. We extend current Expectancy Confirmation Theory research by finding a positive association between SWP and portal use.
Replacing Romantic Sentiments with Just Opinions: How Austen’s Novels Function like Wollstonecraft’s “Judicious Person”

Though some critics (e.g., Ascarelli; Ford; Frost; Lyndall Gordon; Horwitz; Kirkham; Reiff),1 1 Ascarelli analyzes passages in Austen’s novels that show, first, that Austen, like Wollstonecraft, un...
Screening Tools for Evaluating the Bleeding Adolescent

Adolescents frequently present to the clinician with a concern for “abnormal” bleeding including bruising, epistaxis, heavy menstrual bleeding, and surgical bleeding. The subjective experience of bleeding as excessive or prolonged can be difficult to evaluate. Bleeding assessment tools comprised of questionnaires and pictorial descriptions with a scoring system have evolved over the last 40 years as an objective means of quantifying bleeding. A validated bleeding assessment tool can thus assist the provider in differentiating “normal” vs “abnormal” bleeding. As there are several bleeding tools and instruments available to clinicians, when encountering a patient with a bleeding complaint, it is important to understand which tools may yield the best diagnostic information for that individual. This chapter will illustrate and compare various bleeding assessment tools as well as discuss the history, development, and future application of these instruments. Use of the appropriate bleeding assessment tool can greatly enhance the diagnosis and management of bleeding disorders and can reduce unnecessary and costly testing.
Like a Chameleon: Resilience among Self-Identified Latinx Mixed Adults

The experiences of coping with adversities among nine Latinx adult participants (six females, three males) who self-identified as ethnically mixed were explored through semi-structured, individual interviews. Participants identified a range of challenges related to their mixed identity status, including experiences of discrimination and instances of identity conflict. Participants specified methods of overcoming challenges they faced as mixed individuals including seeking cultural commonalities, finding strength and pride within their cultures, exercising acceptance, and emphasizing aspects of oneself depending on contexts and circumstances. Finally, participants discussed resilience related growth experiences related to their mixed identity characterized by improved relationships and self-esteem. The findings provide detailed information about resilience for these mixed Latinx individuals that may be helpful in better understanding and serving others who identify similarly.
Optically translucent BaFCl:Sm2+ scintillating micro-particle composites for radiation detection

A near-index-matched (Δn ≤ 0.018) scintillating composite was fabricated with phase pure BaFCl:Sm2+ and Norland Optical Adhesive 1665, and it exhibits an improved transmissivity leading to optical translucency. The mean-free-path was measured to be 249 µm at the 687 nm peak scintillation wavelength, indicating that optical translucency can be maintained to substantial composite thicknesses. With increasing thickness, the composite becomes more sensitive to higher energy irradiation yet maintains the ability to transmit scintillation photons. This versatile material is attractive for both low energy and high energy radiation detection applications.
Machine learning in optical coherence tomography angiography.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers a noninvasive label-free solution for imaging retinal vasculatures at the capillary level resolution. In principle, improved resolution implie...
Biomolecular Electronic Device Applications of Bacteriorhodopsin

Over the last thirty years, bacteriorhodopsin has become one of the most actively researched proteins in biochemistry and biophysics. Interest in this protein stems not only from its unique photochemistry as a light-driven proton pump, but also from its potential as an active component of biomolecular device applications. Architectures for devices that range in form and function from polymer film based holographic interferometers to three-dimensional optical memories have been proposed and built. Bacteriorhodopsin’s propensity for biomolecular optics and electronics is due to three main light-induced responses: (1) A light-induced photocycle that consists of a variety of photochemically-distinct intermediates characterized by shifted absorption maxima, (2) A branched photocycle that results in a permanent blue shifted intermediate, and (3) A complex time-dependent photoelectric response that varies in both sign and amplitude over several orders of magnitude. These properties will be discussed below, as relevant to the development of two specific bacteriorhodopsin applications: the branched photocycle three-dimensional optical memory and the holographic associative memory.
Supporting the Distributed German Government with POLITeam

In the context of the POLIKOM research program novel telecooperation tools to support the distributed German government are being developed. POLITeam is one of the projects resulting from this program, aiming at the development of a system supporting cooperation in large, geographically distributed organizations. Main area of research is asynchronous cooperation, based on the metaphors of electronic circulation folders and shared electronic workspaces. The design process of POLITeam is based on the continuous improvement of an existing groupware system in close cooperation with selected pilot users. This paper discusses our methodological design approach, the design of the POLITeam system, and the experiences our application partners made in the course of using the system at work.
Research in Psychology: Methods and Design

In the process of preparing six editions of this text, I have been guided by several strong beliefs. First, I would like students to develop a clear sense of how experimental psychologists think and how they do their work. Thus, the student using this book will encounter thorough discussions of the nature of psychological science and how it differs from pseudoscience, the logic of scientific thinking, and the manner in which experimental psychologists (a) develop ideas and hypotheses for research, (b) design their studies, (c) carry them out, (d) analyze them, and (e) draw reasoned conclusions from them.