cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONTINUED DECLINE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS: RESULTS OF THE MINNESOTA HEART SURVEY, 1980–1982 AND 1985–1987

Systematic simultaneous surveillance of cardiovascular disease risk factors morbidity and mortality is ongoing in the Minnesota Heart Survey. Risk factors for cardiovascualr disease were measured in population-based surveys of Twin Cities metropolitan area residents aged 25-74 years in 1980-1982 and 1985-1987....This report describes the changes observed in coronary heart disease risk factors...and models the estimated effects on coronary heart disease mortality. The authors conclude that "despite difficulties in interpretation of ecologic studies it appears likely that improvements in population risk factor levels played a role in the decline in disease rates and could influence future mortality trends in this population." (EXCERPT)
A meta-analysis of behavioral intentions for environment-friendly initiatives in hospitality research

Abstract Research on environment-friendly initiatives has received increasing attention in hospitality research. However, an integrated literature review of research examining the impact of consumer perceptions of green initiatives on their behavioral intentions is lacking. To that end, a quantitative meta-analysis of 26 articles published in hospitality journals was conducted in order to determine the effect sizes of the relationship between consumers’ perceptions and their green behaviors. This research intended to examine how two broad categories – internalized perceptions (i.e. personal values, attitudes, environmental knowledge/awareness, and perceived benefits) and perceptions of the firm (i.e. hotel/restaurant image, perceived quality, and satisfaction) – influence consumers’ behavioral intentions toward green hotels/restaurants (e.g., word-of-mouth intentions, retentions, willingness to pay, and willingness to pay a premium). This meta-analysis shows that both internalized perceptions and perceptions of the firm had a strong positive association with behavioral intentions. The average effect sizes for internalized perceptions and perceptions of the firms were r = 0.3177 and r = 0.4240, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that the positive relationship between consumer perceptions and behavioral intentions is well-established. Therefore, it might not be fruitful to continue to apply identical frameworks (e.g., the theory of planned behavior or the theory of reasoned action) in future research. We thus suggest that hospitality and tourism researchers in the area of environment-friendly initiatives need to either significantly improve the existing models or look for new and more diverse frameworks in order to make meaningful theoretical contributions.
An evaluation of three methods for visualizing uncertainty in architecture and archaeology

This project explores the representation of uncertainty in visualizations for archaeological research and provides insights obtained from user feedback. Our 3D models brought together information from standing architecture and excavated remains, surveyed plans, ground penetrating radar (GPR) data from the Carthusian monastery of Bourgfontaine in northern France. We also included information from comparative Carthusian sites and a bird's eye representation of the site in an early modern painting. Each source was assigned a certainty value which was then mapped to a color or texture for the model. Certainty values between one and zero were assigned by one subject matter expert and should be considered qualitative. Students and faculty from the fields of architectural history and archaeology at two institutions interacted with the models and answered a short survey with four questions about each. We discovered equal preference for color and transparency and a strong dislike for the texture model. Discoveries during model building also led to changes of the excavation plans for summer 2015.
Residential summer camp intervention improves camp food environment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of a camp-based intervention to improve the food environment. METHODS The intervention was evaluated in a variant of the recurrent institutional cycle design in a sample of 311 youth aged 7 to 13 years. FV intake and targeted environmental variables were assessed among youth who received the intervention relative to those who attended the camp before the program was implemented. RESULTS Improvements occurred in the frequency and variety of FVs served, counselor informational and instrumental support for FV consumption, and in older youth who received nutrition education lessons, perceived peer attitudes towards eating FVs and FV intake. CONCLUSIONS Improving the camp food environment can improve FV intake among youth in this setting.
Reaction Design, Discovery, and Development as a Foundation to Function-Oriented Synthesis

ConspectusConvergent C–C bond-forming reactions define the fabric of organic synthesis and, when applied in complex molecule synthesis, can have a profound impact on efficiency by decreasing the longest linear sequence of transformations required to convert simple starting materials to complex targets. Despite their well-appreciated strategic significance, campaigns in natural product synthesis typically embrace only a small suite of reactivity to achieve such bond construction (i.e., nucleophilic addition to polarized π-bonds, nucleophilic substitution, cycloaddition, and metal-catalyzed “cross-coupling”), therefore limiting the sites at which convergent coupling chemistry can be strategically employed. In our opinion, it is far too often that triumphs in the field are defined by chemical sequences that do not address the challenges associated with discovery, development, and production of natural product-inspired agents. We speculated that advancing an area of chemical reactivity not represented in the ...
Reception Studies: The Cultural Mobility of Classics

In spite of connotations of classics and the classical as an established tradition based around a stable canon, Greek and Roman classical antiquity has never been a fixed object of study. It has changed as our knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome has grown and shifted, and as a function of history, intellectual movements, and taste. Classicists have turned to classical reception studies in an attempt to chart some of the different encounters that various historical audiences have had with Greek and Roman classics, and this wave of research poses interdisciplinary questions about the relation of Greek and Roman classics to world literatures and cultures. The emphasis on classical reception studies offers fresh ways of thinking about the cultural mobility of the classics without appealing to discredited, old-fashioned notions of “timeless importance” or “universal value.” This debate is explored here via a Malawian reception of Sophocles's Antigone.
Fruit on the Ground as a Reservoir of Resident Melon Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Papaya Orchards

I compared the density and infestation rate of melon fly ( Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett) in papaya ( Carica papaya L.) fruits on the ground and on trees and correlated the density and level of melon fly infestation in fruits with the relative density of adults in papaya orchards. Melon fly larval density was significantly higher in papaya fruits on the ground than on trees. The relative density of melon fly adults in the orchard correlated significantly with larval density in fallen fruits, but not with larval density in tree fruits. In addition, the number of adults in the orchard had a higher significant correlation with the melon fly percentage infestation in fruits on the ground than with the melon fly percentage infestation in tree fruits. Results suggest that papaya fruits left on the ground serve as a major breeding site and, thus, as a reservoir of resident (non-immigrant) melon fly population in papaya growing areas of Hawaii. Sanitation (removal of fallen fruits) should be an integral component of control methods aimed at managing melon fly population in papaya orchards.
Transport of Ions in Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes during Capacitive Deionization of High-Salinity Solutions

Desalination of high-salinity solutions has been studied using a novel experimental technique and a theoretical model. Neutron imaging has been employed to visualize lithium ions in mesoporous carbon materials, which are used as electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI) for water desalination. Experiments were conducted with a flow-through CDI cell designed for neutron imaging and with lithium-6 chloride (6LiCl) as the electrolyte. Sequences of neutron images have been obtained at a relatively high concentration of 6LiCl solution to provide information on the transport of ions within the electrodes. A new model that computes the individual ionic concentration profiles inside mesoporous carbon electrodes has been used to simulate the CDI process. Modifications have also been introduced into the simulation model to calculate results at high electrolyte concentrations. Experimental data and simulation results provide insight into why CDI is not effective for desalination of high ionic-strength solutions. T...
VARIABLE POPULATION-BASED SAMPLING FOR PROBABILISTIC DESIGN OPTIMIZATION WITH A GENETIC ALGORITHM

The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to formulate and develop the Variable Population- Based Sampling (VPBS) method, which is a variation on the Population-Based Sampling (PBS) technique that was developed by the authors of this paper. PBS is a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach that allows for discrete design optimization under uncertainty and requires a computational cost that is two orders of magnitude less than the state-of-the-art method that couples the GA with Monte Carlo Sampling (MCS). The PBS approach uses the population-based search nature of the GA to provide samples to statistically evaluate aggregate, probabilistic fitness functions. VPBS combines the concepts of PBS and MCS and requires even lower computational cost than that of PBS. The motivation is to implement the probabilistic approaches for the reliability-based, conceptual design of spacecraft systems that involve uncertain component failure rates so as to avoid large design margins and unnecessary high levels of redundancies which result from Deterministic Margin-Based (DMB) approaches. The paper compares the PBS method to the DMB and the MCS approaches and then compares the suggested VPBS approach to PBS. NOMENCLATURE c penalty multiplier
Abstract ED09-01: Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer with celecoxib

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 ED09-01 Cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas are particularly common malignancies, the most common cause of which is overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. While physicians advise patients to apply sunscreens to prevent their occurrence, sunscreens are only modestly effective. In vitro studies and in vivo studies in animal models have suggested that prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) play an important role in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers. In Skh-1 hairless mice, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor celecoxib has been reported to prevent UV-induced skin tumors. In addition, immunohistochemical examination of human actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas has shown that COX-2 expression is increased, whereas expression of this enzyme is not observed in normal skin. In order to determine whether these experimental findings are applicable to humans, we have conducted a phase II/III double blind multicenter placebo controlled clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in adult patients at risk for actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancers. The studies offer the possibility of additional options for the prevention of this common malignancy. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED09-01.
Evaluation of intravenous renal arteriography.

In a series of 60 hypertensive patients, intravenous renal arteriography produced arteriograms of diagnostic quality in 74 per cent when the serial filming technic was used, compared with 15 per cent when single, long-exposure films were made. The nephrogram phase yielded important information in all cases. Serious complications have not occurred to date, but the possibility of sudden death in elderly, poor-risk patients should be kept in mind. The technic has proved satisfactory as an outpatient procedure and can be performed without special surgical skills. Serial filming apparatus is necessary for optimal results.
Communicating about screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment: Messaging strategies to raise awareness and promote voluntary adoption and implementation among New York school-based health center providers

ABSTRACTBackground: School-based health centers (SBHCs) are satellite primary care clinics conveniently located within high-risk schools. Providing screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in SBHCs has the potential to greatly increase identification and intervention among adolescents with problem substance use. Nevertheless, only 11% of New York State SBHC providers report the use of SBIRT. This study identifies strategies for communicating about SBIRT with the goal of raising awareness and promoting voluntary adoption and implementation among both SBHC program directors and clinicians. Methods: All 162 New York State SBHC program directors and clinicians serving middle and high school students were surveyed between May and June 2013 (40% response rate). Program directors were asked which factors were most important to them in their decision to adopt new practices, and both program directors and clinicians were asked to rank-order statements in 2 categories: (1) Substance use and ...
Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the efficacy of rabies vaccination

Objective To study factors affecting the efficacy of rabies immunization. Methods People with rabies exposure were investigated by the method of questionnaire and their anti-rabies virus IgG levels were detected by ELISA after immunization. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for factors influencing immunological effect of rabies vaccination. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic situation,animal handling injuries and wounds,rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin application,smoking and drinking habits,and history of chronic diseases.Results A total of 2 091 subjects( 1 087 males,1 004 females,mean age [31. 01 ± 19. 53]years) were studied. The anti-rabies virus IgG positive rate was 96. 8%( 2 024 /2 091). Positive rates in groups of 1-19,20- 39,and 40- 85 years were 98. 2%( 637 /649),97. 0%( 690 /711),and 95. 3%( 697 /731),respectively. The positive rates were 92. 2%( 165 /179) in people with head-face,body exposure,ormulti-position exposure and 97. 2%( 1 859 /1 912) in people with limbs exposure. The positive rates in people with or without immunization history before exposure to rabies were 98. 5%( 528 /536) and 96. 2%( 1 496/1 555),respectively. The positive rates in people with and without chronic diseases were 86. 8%( 46/53) and 97. 1%( 1 978/2 038). The positive rates in smoking or nonsmoking people during the treatment was 94. 0%( 282 /300) and 97. 3%( 1 742 /1 791),respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher the people age was,the lower the positive rate would be( OR =0. 59). The positive rate was lower in people with chronic diseases than those without chronic diseases( OR= 0. 22),lower in smokers than those in nonsmokers during the treatment( OR = 0. 50),lower in people with head-face or body exposure or multi-position exposure than those with limbs exposure( OR = 0. 31),but higher in people with immunization history before exposure to rabies than those without immunization history( OR = 2. 55). Conclusion The effect of rabies vaccination might be related to the age,chronic disease,smoking status during the treatment,exposed parts,and immunization history before exposure to rabies virus.
Responding to the Marketplace: Workforce Balance and Financial Risk at Academic Health Centers.

Elsewhere in this issue, Welch and Bindman present research demonstrating that academic health centers (AHCs) continue to disproportionately comprise specialists and subspecialist faculty physicians compared with community-based physician groups. This workforce composition has served AHCs well throu
Abstract A31: Monitoring the activity of various classes of methylltransferases in vitro using a universal, homogenous and bioluminescent assay

Post transcriptional modifications of proteins and nucleic acids are well-recognized to play major role in mediation of extensive and broad range of cellular functions. Such modifications that include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc. are known to be critical for normal and abnormal cell growth, and thus, the enzymes involved in these reactions have been validated as drug targets resulting in the development of several drugs. Recent biochemical and biological data suggest that the enzymatic activities of several of these enzymes have pathogenic roles in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, pharmacological modulation of these enzymes by small molecules will be beneficial in the development of novel therapeutics for multiple unmet medical needs. Of these, methyltransferases are known to alter the epigenome by altering the methylation status of nucleic acids or proteins resulting in changes in cellular phenotypes. Towards this goal of searching for activators/inhibitors of these enzymes for the development of next generation of drugs, screening assays for these modulators are urgently needed. To address these unmet needs, we have developed a novel assay that monitors the activities of these enzymes and their modulation by small molecules. The assay is bioluminescent based, HTS formatted and highly sensitive. The assay is universal since it is based on monitoring the formation of the universal product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), i.e., capable of detecting changes in activity of a broad range of methyltransferases such as DNA, protein, RNA, and small molecules methyltransferases. In addition, the assay has been validated for all classes of protein methyltransferases (Lysine and Arginine), and with different types of substrates (small peptides, large proteins, or even nucleosomes). This enables determining the specificity of these enzymes and their substrate requirements. The assay has high signal to background and low C.V. The assay is robust (Z’ value > 0.7) and has been validated using various plate densities such as 96-, 384, and 1536-well plates. A strong feature of this assay is its utility with broad range of substrates with no limitations on the use of high concentrations of substrates or the composition of the substrates (short vs. long peptides), thus enabling the generation of kinetic data and determining the mechanism of action of various modulators of methyltransferases of interest. Citation Format: Said A. Goueli. Monitoring the activity of various classes of methylltransferases in vitro using a universal, homogenous and bioluminescent assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane to Methyl Radical in NTf2-Based Ionic Liquids

In this report, we show that at the ionic liquid (IL)/Pt electrode interface, the C–H bond in methane can be activated and abstracted in situ to form methyl radical by electrochemically generated bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide ([NTf2]) radicals from the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide ([Bmpy][NTf2]). DFT modeling supports the abstraction of hydrogen from CH4 by the NTf2• radical resulting in the formation of a methyl radical that then reacts with the IL to form the CF3• radical and molecular products, CF3CF3 and CF3H. This work thus provides a new pathway of controlled activation of the C–H bond of methane anaerobically at low potential in a neutral condition at room temperature which can have important applications such as organic electrochemistry and preparative-scale organic electrochemical synthesis.
Amplifying 21st-Century Exception, 2000–2006

The 1990s left us with Labour’s initiative for a single permanent UK-wide law.1 and on 20 July 2000, the Terrorism Bill became the Terrorism Act.2 With this move to permanent counterterrorism law, a new amplifying tone was set for subsequent measures, including the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act (ATCS) 2001, Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) 2005, and Terrorism Act (TA) 2006.3 In addition to these legal moves, a new counterterrorism strategy was formed in 2003 and made public in 2006: CONTEST, The UK Strategy for Countering International Terrorism. Through this new strategy, it was stated that “annual spending on counter-terrorism, intelligence, and resilience will reach £2bn, which is double what it was prior to 9/11”.4 and counterterrorism was increasingly institutionalized. This process of institutionalization was not a predetermined outcome, not least given ongoing expressions of concern over counterterrorism in terms of counterproductive consequence and suspensions of liberty. In November of 2001, following the 11 September 2001 attacks, one House of Commons research paper explained the group Liberty’s conclusion that the “UK already has some of the most draconian anti-terrorism measures anywhere in the Western World and further measures are likely to violate fundamental principles, be counter-productive in the long term and at the same time are unlikely to be effective”.5
Impact of estuarine gradients on reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in river sediment enrichment cultures.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are among the most persistent organic pollutants. Although the total input of PCDDs into the environment has decreased substantially over the past four decades, their input via non-point sources is still increasing, especially in estuarine metropolitan areas. Here we report on the microbially mediated reductive dechlorination of PCDDs in anaerobic enrichment cultures established from sediments collected from five locations along the Hackensack River, NJ and investigate the impacts of sediment physicochemical characteristics on dechlorination activity. Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TeCDD) and abundance of Dehalococcoides spp. negatively correlated with salinity and sulfate concentration in sediments used to establish the cultures. 1,2,3,4-TeCDD was dechlorinated to a lesser extent in cultures established from sediments from the tidally influenced estuarine mouth of the river. In cultures established from low salinity sediments, 1,2,3,4-TeCDD was reductively dechlorinated with the accumulation of 2-monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as the major product. Sulfate concentrations above 2 mM inhibited 1,2,3,4-TecDD dechlorination activity. Consecutive lateral- and peri- dechlorination took place in enrichment cultures with a minimal accumulation of 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in active cultures. A Dehalococcoides spp. community was enriched and accounted for up to 64% of Chloroflexi detected in these sediment cultures.
Vibrational photodetachment spectroscopy near the electron affinity of S 2

We have conducted laser photodetachment spectroscopy near the detachment threshold of the electron affinity of ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ in a 1.8-T field. The ions are prepared by dissociative electron attachment to carbonyl sulfide. The experiment is conducted in a Penning ion trap and with a narrow-band, tunable, Ti:sapphire laser. A hybrid model for photodetachment in an ion trap is fit to the data using the appropriate Franck-Condon factors. The observations reveal detachment from and to the first few vibrational levels of the anion and the neutral molecule, respectively. Evaporative cooling of the anion ensemble condenses the thermal distribution to the lowest initial vibrational states. The subsequent detachment spectroscopy yields results consistent with a vibrationally cooled anion population.
API Portfolio and Framework

This chapter starts with API Portfolio Architecture and then gets into framework for API development. An overview of API framework starting from client to data is discussed and then focus is shifted to review services layer with an exercise implementing services layer.
STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ON THE FIDELITY OF DNA REPLICATION

ABSTRACT Alkylation of DNA precursor triphosphates is studied with regard to its effect on the fidelity of DNA replication. DNA sequencing technology is applied in a novel way to show that products of the interaction of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea with dATP incorporate as G and C as well as A. Moreover, this technique enables us to investigate the effect of local DNA sequence on the in-corporation of these DNA precursor analogues.
Modifiable Risk Factors Are Common in Early Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Obesity, smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, and poor dental health are modifiable risk factors for revision total joint arthroplasty. To protect patients from revision surgery while also reducing cost, some joint arthroplasty practices use these conditions as contraindications until they are improved. However, this practice is variable among joint arthroplasty surgeons. We hypothesize that a relatively high rate of revision arthroplasty patients had modifiable risk factors at the time of primary surgery. Methods A retrospective review of all revision total hip and knee arthroplasties performed at an academic, tertiary referral center within 2 years of primary surgery was conducted. The presence of body mass index >40, hemoglobin A1c >8, poor dentition, and smoking status were obtained from the electronic medical record. Risk factors were described and compared between infected revisions and noninfected revisions. Results A total of 128 revision arthroplasties were performed at our institution in one year. And 23 of 57 (40.4%) total hip revision and 31 of 71 (43.7%) total knee revision patients had at least 1 modifiable risk factor. Infected hip revision patients were more likely to have increased body mass index compared to noninfected patients. Infected knee revision patients were more likely to smoke, have poor dentition, and have >1 contraindication compared to noninfected patients. Conclusion A high percentage of patients undergoing early revision arthroplasty had at least 1 modifiable risk factor for a primary joint arthroplasty. Joint arthroplasty surgeons may help reduce revision surgery through counseling and appropriate referral for modification of risk factors.
Neuroimaging of Female Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Abstract Introduction Recent advances in neuroimaging offer an unprecedented window into the female sexual brain. The small samples and poor statistical power of individual functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have limited what can be gleaned about the systematic brain network that is involved in female sexual desire and female sexual dysfunction (eg, hypoactive sexual desire disorder [HSDD]). Aim To quantitatively determine the brain network involved in HSDD. Methods Systematic retrospective review and statistical meta-analysis of pertinent neuroimaging literature. Main Outcome Measures Review of published literature on functional magnetic resonance imaging studies illustrating brain regions associated with female sexual desire and female HSDD. Results HSDD is associated with a specific fronto-limbic-parietal dysfunction characterized by (i) lower blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the sexual desire brain network and (ii) higher blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the self-referential brain network. Conclusion The meta-analytic results are in line with a top-down neurofunctional model of HSDD in which inspecting, monitoring, and evaluating oneself (rather than sensory experience) before or during sexual activities interfere with sexual desire. These results raise new questions regarding the necessity and sufficiency of dysfunctional activation in the sexual desire and self-referential brain networks, whose answers bear on the development and evaluation of personalized treatments for HSDD. Cacioppo S. Neuroimaging of Female Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Sex Med Rev 2017;5:434–444.
Chapter 19 – One-Group k-Eigenvalue Problems

The multiplication of neutrons in a nuclear system is typically quantified by an eigenvalue for the system that determines if the system supports sustaining chain reactions. Using neutron diffusion theory, this chapter presents a numerical method for solving these socalled k -eigenvalue problems. The equations are discretized in 1-D geometry and the inverse power iteration method is applied to the resulting generalized eigenvalue problem. A justification of the inverse power method is given in terms of the properties of matrices, and an implementation based on LU factorization with Python is given. The numerical solution is computed for several test problems and compared with analytic solutions where possible.
Association Between Adolescent Preventive Care and the Role of the Affordable Care Act.

Importance Despite decades of adolescent preventive well visit and services promotion (Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services and Bright Futures ), rates are below recommended levels and little is known of the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation on these care rates. Objectives To use Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to determine (1) whether adolescent well visit rates increased from the pre-ACA period to post-ACA period, and (2) whether caregivers’ reports of past-year preventive services delivery increased from the pre- to post-ACA period among adolescents with any past-year health care visit. Design, Setting, and Participants Secondary data analysis of 2007-2009 (before ACA implementation) and 2012-2014 (after ACA implementation) Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data on the differences in well visits and preventive services. Data were collected through computer-assisted personal interviews of caregivers of a nationally representative sample of a noninstitutionalized US population (n = 25 695 10- to 17-year-old adolescents). Main Outcomes and Measures For objective 1, pre- to post-ACA period differences in past-year well visits: (1) stratified bivariable logistic regressions identifying subgroup rate differences and (2) multivariable analyses controlling for demographic factors. For objective 2, pre- to post-ACA period differences in caregiver reports of preventive services receipt, including time alone with clinician: (1) bivariable (year differences) and (2) multivariable logistic regressions controlling for demographic variables. Results A total of 6279 (50.9%) and 6730 (50.8%) participating adolescents in the pre- and post-ACA period data were male, respectively. Under objective 1, we found that well-visit rates increased from 41% to 48% post-ACA implementation (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5); minority and low-income groups had the greatest increases. Under objective 2, we found that among those with any past-year visit, most preventive services rates (8 of 9) increased post-ACA implementation (range, 2%-9%, absolute), with little or no change when controlling for demographic variables. Time alone with clinicians increased 1%, significant only when covariates were controlled (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). Conclusions and Relevance Despite modest to moderate increases, with greatest gains for underserved youth, adolescent preventive care rates remain low, highlighting the need for increased efforts to bring adolescents into well care and improve clinician delivery of preventive care within their practices.
Studying Fake News via Network Analysis: Detection and Mitigation

Social media is becoming increasingly popular for news consumption due to its easy access, fast dissemination, and low cost. However, social media also enables the wide propagation of “fake news,” i.e., news with intentionally false information. Fake news on social media can have significant negative societal effects. Identifying and mitigating fake news also presents unique challenges. To tackle these challenges, many existing research efforts exploit various features of the data, including network features. In essence, a news dissemination ecosystem involves three dimensions on social media, i.e., a content dimension, a social dimension, and a temporal dimension. In this chapter, we will review network properties for studying fake news, introduce popular network types, and propose how these networks can be used to detect and mitigate fake news on social media.
Ramen Politics: Informal Money and Logics of Resistance in the Contemporary American Prison

This article explores an unexpected yet pervasive arena in which changes to security may alter lived experiences of and responses to punishment. Namely, amidst changes in the quality of care behind U.S. prison walls and resultant prisoner insecurities in the face of neoliberal penology, the nation’s prisoners have adapted informal prison markets to address unmet needs and pursue autonomy. Where cigarettes once reigned as the de facto token of exchange in the underground economy, the contemporary American prison is now home to a new form of informal money: cheap, reliable food items like ramen noodles. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork within a U.S. men’s state prison and 82 in-depth interviews with prisoners and institutional staff, this paper explores this change in the form of informal prison money and what it reveals about the nation’s prisons and prisoners. It contends that prison money reflects changing logics of prisoner resistance in particular political-economic and penal contexts. As prison administrative practices, institutional conditions, and legal environments change with time, prisoners adapt expressions of autonomy accordingly. While cigarettes symbolized withdrawal from the rigors of prison life and individualized treatment—the dominant logic of resistance of the prior era—the new ramen currency reflects a growing emphasis on prison “foodways” in opposition to cost-shifting and deteriorating services behind bars.
A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor for Ebola virus detection.

The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel electrochemical-based DNA-sensing device for Ebola virus DNA diagnostic by an enzyme-amplified detection, which improves the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor. A thiolated DNA capture probe sequence was immobilized on the screen printed electrode surface and hybridized with biotinylated target strand DNA for the fabrication of Ebola DNA-sensing devices. Prior to the electrochemical detection of the enzymatic product by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method, the biotinylated hybrid was labeled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate on the surface of the working electrode. All the experiment steps were optimized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the optimum condition for biosensor fabrication was achieved. A detection limit of 4.7 nM complementary oligonucleotides was obtained using the fabricated biosensor and the standard deviation of the blank solution. The last step, the selectivity and reproducibility of fabricated electrochemical DNA biosensor was obtained.
Preventative Services for Children and Adolescents

This chapter will define prevention and review the three approaches to prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. From a life span developmental approach, skills an adolescent must master, such as social, cognitive, and academic, should provide the focus for the intervention. The life skills approach is proposed as the treatment of choice. This approach has rational elements in common with other prevention programs that are based on public health orientation. These consist of three essential components: health education, skills training, and practice applying skills. The teams-games-tournaments (TGT) model consists of the same components except that in addition it uses peers as parallel teachers.
E×B Flux Driven Detachment Bifurcation in the DIII-D Tokamak.

A bifurcative step transition from low-density, high-temperature, attached divertor conditions to high-density, low-temperature, detached divertor conditions is experimentally observed in DIII-D tokamak plasmas as density is increased. The step transition is only observed in the high confinement mode and only when the $B\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\nabla}B$ drift is directed towards the divertor. This work reports for the first time a theoretical explanation and numerical simulations that qualitatively reproduce this bifurcation and its dependence on the toroidal field direction. According to the model, the bifurcation is primarily driven by the interdependence of the $E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B$-drift fluxes, divertor electric potential structure, and divertor conditions. In the attached conditions, strong potential gradients in the low field side (LFS) divertor drive $E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B$-drift flux towards the high field side divertor, reinforcing low density, high temperature conditions in the LFS divertor leg. At the onset of detachment, reduction in the potential gradients in the LFS divertor leg reduce the $E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B$-drift flux as well, such that the divertor plasma evolves nonlinearly to high density, strongly detached conditions. Experimental estimates of the $E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B$-drift fluxes, based on divertor Thomson scattering measurements, and their dependence on the divertor conditions are qualitatively consistent with the numerical predictions. The implications for divertor power exhaust and detachment control in the next step fusion devices are discussed.
Trajectory Planning with Shadow Trolleys for an Autonomous Vehicle on Bending Roads and Switchbacks

In automated driving, the road geometry information such as waypoints is usually available from previously stored maps. In this paper, we present a scenario based Model Predictive Control (MPC) trajectory planning algorithm that consists of spatial planning with embedded temporal optimization that leverages waypoints information of the road. Our trajectory planning algorithm is structured such that the spatial and temporal planning is integrated so that both the longitudinal and lateral aspects, reflected in the shape and length of the planned trajectory, are dynamically changing to best negotiate the constraints from road curvature and surrounding vehicles. The concept of a vehicle connected to shadow trolleys traveling along the rails on the road is introduced. Given waypoints, a reference cubic spline can be constructed to define the rail for trolleys and form a curvilinear coordinate. This concept facilitates the description of vehicle motion, trajectories, and surroundings with respect to the trolley, which is especially convenient for a vehicle traveling on high curvature road and switchbacks. A temporal optimization of the trolley instances is first conducted, which in turn allows us to make a proper approximation and reduce an originally complex nonlinear spatial-temporal optimization problem into one that requires only Quadratic Programming (QP). We present simulation results of various challenging scenarios on complex road geometry with multiple surrounding vehicles of varying behavior to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show reasonable, flexible, and safe maneuvers.
The First Amendment's Protection of Expressive Activity in the University Classroom: A Constitutional Myth

The term “academic freedom” creates the impression that university classrooms provide professors a higher order and greater quantum of first amendment protection than other workplaces. But that impression does not comport with reality. Current constitutional doctrine does not support any super protected status for classroom utterances. Instead, classroom speech enjoys less protection than ordinary speech. While the First Amendment has certainly crafted the contours of academic freedom, another concept is clearly at work as well: tenure.This article argues that, beyond the protections of the First Amendment, lies the protection of tenure. That free speech will be protected for tenured faculty more so than for others. This article not only examines the issues of tenure, but other nonsubstantive considerations in First Amendment jurisprudence, such as state action. Indeed, it will be shown that the greatest protections for faculty lie in these “extraconstitutional” mechanisms.
Student in the shell: The robotic body and student engagement

Abstract The purpose of this case study was to explore how the embodiment of graduate students in robotic surrogates was related to their engagement in a class with other robotically and non-robotically embodied classmates. Using a mixed methods design, we collected survey and in-class observational data on the students' perceptions of their robotic bodies and their engagement in the course. Applying linear models and thematic analysis, we sought to identify prevailing patterns of students' use their robotic bodies to engage in their learning. Our findings suggest that nonverbal communication with one's robotic body is a dominant form of interaction and engagement in synchronous learning contexts and multiple contextual factors affect robotic students' engagement. Specifically, the capabilities of the robotic surrogate and the student's perceptions of the surrogate as an extension of their own body may influence their engagement in educational contexts. Patterns of robotic and nonverbal behaviors may also vary with instructional context and social learning. For robotically telepresent students, embodiment becomes a central factor to their engagement and should be included in theories of engagement in technology-mediated contexts that involve surrogate bodies.
Correspondence - Response to Letter to the Editor — Ultrasound Assisted Lumbar Puncture on Infants in the Pediatric Emergency Department

We would like to thank our reader for his/her interest in our work and continuing support of point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine. Our study was conducted at a large academic emergency department with pediatrics and emergency medicine residents, nurse practitioners who function at or above the level of a senior resident (PGY-3 and 4), and pediatric emergency fellows who function as attending physicians. As a routine, all initial lumbar puncture (LP) attempts are made by learners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Everything changes – systemische Ansätze für das Change Management

Alexander Tiffert beschaftigt sich mit systemischen Ansatzen fur das Change Management. Im Unterschied zum traditionellen Verstandnis von Change Management werden auf der Basis eines erweiterten Organisationsverstandnisses ein alternativer Ansatz entworfen und konkrete Handlungsoptionen fur die operative Fuhrungsarbeit abgeleitet.
Deep Learning for IoT Communications : Invited Presentation

In recent years there has been a rapid evolution in research in the technology known as the Internet of Things or IoT. Consequently, this development has caused an increase in connected devices. According to Statista, the amount of IoT connected devices by the year 2025 will be 75.44 billion. Given this expected exponential rise in connected devices, this will cause an increase in the transmitted data by the year 2025 as well. The Data Management Solutions Review states that data creation will reach 163 zettabytes by 2025. These conditions will cause an escalation in data transmission which will cause problems such as latency, data rates, congestion, nonlinearities, and other complexities. While communication systems have performed well based on traditional mathematical transforms, there is a need to present new solutions to mitigate these problems. One potential solution is to resort to advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques to help manage the rise in data volumes and algorithm-driven applications. The recent success of Deep Learning (DL) underpins new and powerful tools that tackle problems in this space. The unique parameters of DL techniques are capable of properly characterizing and categorizing complex signals being transmitted and received. This paper will investigate the optimization of communication systems at the physical layer (PHY) with future applications in IoT hardware implementation using a 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN).
First-principles study of hydrogen diffusion and self-clustering below tungsten surfaces

The diffusion and self-clustering nucleation behavior of hydrogen (H) without vacancies below tungsten (W) surfaces are important for understanding the retention of deuterium (D) in W crystals exposed to high-flux and low-energy D plasma. The H migration energy and binding energy of H to self-clusters near the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces have been investigated by first-principles computer simulations using density functional theory. H diffusion from adsorption sites on the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces into solute sites in the bulk requires energies of at least 1.21, 1.78, and 1.80 eV, respectively, while 0.27, 0.31, and 0.24 eV for the reverse process. In addition, the lateral diffusion of H between two subsurface layers below the W surfaces has been investigated. Two H atoms at a depth of 0.08 nm below the W(110) surface have the highest binding energy, followed by H atom pairs below the W(111) and W(110) surfaces. The nucleation and stability of H clusters depend on the surface orientation. A planar configuration between the first nearest neighbor {100} planes is energetically favorable for H self-clustering below the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces. The thermal stability of a platelet containing 16 H atoms below the W surfaces at 300 and 600 K was also studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, which indicate that the H platelet below a W(111) surface is more stable than that below either the W(100) or the W(110) surface.
Heterologous transporters from anaerobic fungi bolster fluoride tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Membrane-embedded transporters are crucial for the stability and performance of microbial production strains. Apart from engineering known transporters derived from model systems, it is equally important to identify transporters from nonconventional organisms that confer advantageous traits for biotechnological applications. Here, we transferred genes encoding fluoride exporter (FEX) proteins from three strains of early-branching anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The heterologous transporters are localized to the plasma membrane and complement a fluoride-sensitive yeast strain that is lacking endogenous fluoride transporters up to 10.24 mM fluoride. Furthermore, we show that fusing an amino-terminal leader sequence to FEX proteins in yeast elevates protein yields, yet inadvertently causes a loss of transporter function. Adaptive laboratory evolution of FEX proteins restores fluoride tolerance of these strains, in one case exceeding the solute tolerance observed in wild type S. cerevisiae; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and cause for the increased tolerance in the evolved strains remain elusive. Our results suggest that microbial cultures can achieve solvent tolerance through different adaptive trajectories, and the study is a promising step towards the identification, production, and biotechnological application of membrane proteins from nonconventional fungi.
Fatness, representation, and breaking out of the “mind prison”: A review of Hulu’s Shrill

ABSTRACTThis review discusses Hulu’s 2019 television show Shrill, based on Lindy West’s memoir Shrill: Notes from a Loud Woman.