cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pastoral and the Poetics of Self-Contradiction: Theocritus to Marvell

Acknowledgements Texts and abbreviations Introduction: 'Remedies themselves complain': pastoral poetry, pastoral criticism 1. Bringing it all back home: bucolic and heroic in Theocritus' Idylls 2. Si numquam fallit imago: Virgil's revision of Theocritus 3. Pastime and passion: the impasse in the Old Arcadia 4. Complaints themselves remedy: Marvell's lyrics as problem and solution Epilogue: farewell to pastoral: The Shepherd's Week Notes Works cited Index.
Correcting the Cystic Fibrosis Disease Mutant, A455E CFTR

Cystic fibrosis is caused by more than 1000 mutations, the most common being the ΔF508 mutation. These mutations have been divided into five classes [1], with ΔF508 CFTR in class II. Here we have studied the class V mutation A455E. We report that the mature and immature bands of A455E are rapidly degraded primarily by proteasomes; the short protein half-life of this mutant therefore resembles that of ΔF508 CFTR. A455E could be rescued by treatment of the cells with proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, co-transfection of A455E with the truncation mutant Δ264 CFTR also rescued the mature C band, indicating that A455E can be rescued by transcomplementation. We found that Δ264 CFTR bound to A455E, forming a bimolecular complex. Treatment with the compound correctors C3 and C4 also rescued A455E. These results are significant because they show that although ΔF508 belongs to a different class than A455E, it can be rescued by the same strategies, offering therapeutic promise to patients with Class V mutations.
Safety and Feasibility of Transesophageal Pacing in a Dog

This study investigated the feasibility of using a modified transesophageal atrial pacing system for dogs requiring temporary ventricular pacing. Atrial pacing was readily achieved in the one dog studied, but it caused considerable diaphragmatic movement. Ventricular pacing could not be achieved at any lead configuration or energy stimulation. While transesophageal cardiac pacing was a safe procedure, the large variation in the chest anatomy of dogs requires further study to explore this model as a substitute for transvenous or transthoracic ventricular pacing.
Incident field image reconstruction using speckle intensity correlations over position

Speckle images are used to form speckle intensity spatial correlations over incident light position. These correlations allow the reconstruction of the field incident on and transmitted through a heavily scattering medium.
Variation-and-aging aware low power embedded SRAM for multimedia applications

This paper presents a low power embedded SRAM memory design for MPEG-4 video processors. Considering both of the process variation and aging effect, the proposed design adopts an optimal high voltage for spatial voltage scaling to achieve high power efficiency. Simulations in FreePDK 45nm CMOS technology show that our proposed technique can achieve 85%, 90%, and 79% reduction in write power, read power, and leakage current, respectively, with graceful degradation (∼5.6%) in video quality, as compared to conventional SRAM design.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Employs a Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase to Inhibit Activation of KDR and Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor-induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) binds to and promotes the activation of one of its receptors, KDR. Once activated, KDR induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoplasmic signaling proteins that are important to endothelial cell proliferation. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of KDR. The ability of TNF to diminish VEGF-stimulated KDR activity was impaired by sodium orthovanadate, suggesting that the inhibitory activity of TNF was mediated by a protein-tyrosine phosphatase. KDR-initiated responses specifically associated with endothelial cell proliferation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and DNA synthesis, were also inhibited by TNF, and this was reversed by sodium orthovanadate. Stimulation of HUVECs with TNF induced association of the SHP-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase with KDR, identifying this phosphatase as a candidate negative regulator of VEGF signal transduction. Heterologous receptor inactivation mediated by a protein-tyrosine phosphatase provides insight into how TNF may inhibit endothelial cell proliferative responses and modulate angiogenesis in pathological settings.
The lazaroid U74389G protects normal brain from stereotactic radiosurgery-induced radiation injury

Abstract Purpose: To test an established model of stereotactic radiosurgery-induced radiation injury with pretreatments of either methylprednisolone or the lazaroid U74389G. Methods and Materials: Nine cats received stereotactic radiosurgery with a linear accelerator using an animal radiosurgery device. Each received a dose of 125.0 Gy prescribed to the 84% isodose shell to the anterior limb of the right internal capsule. One animal received no pretreatment, two received citrate vehicle, three received 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone, and three received 5 mg/kg of U74389G. After irradiation, the animals had frequent neurologic examinations, and neurologic deficits developed in all of them. Six months after the radiation treatment, the animals were anesthetized, and had gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) scans, followed by Evans blue dye perfusion, euthanasia, and brain fixation. Results: Magnetic resonance scans revealed a decrease in the size of the lesions from a mean volume of 0.45 ± 0.06 cm 3 in the control, vehicle-treated, and methylprednisolone-treated animals to 0.22 ± 0.14 cm 3 in the U74389G-treated group. The scans also suggested the absence of necrosis and ventricular dilatation in the lazaroid-treated group. Gross pathology revealed that lesions produced in the untreated, vehicle-treated, and methylprednisolone-treated cats were similar and were characterized by a peripheral zone of Evans blue dye staining with a central zone of a mature coagulative necrosis and focal hemorrhage. However, in the U74389G-treated animals, the lesions were found to have an area of Evans blue dye staining, but lacked discrete areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Conclusion: These results suggest that the lazaroid U74389G protects the normal brain from radiation injury produced by stereotactic radiosurgery.
Blurry as tremor

The late Renaissance Dutch painter Frans Hals (1582–1666) was a master of revealing his subjects' peculiarities. However, in the Regentesses (figure), he shows a neurologic condition—the blurred shoulder margin of the woman in the middle suggests trembling in a standing figure.1
Quantitative analysis of Rayleigh crosstalk in Raman amplifiers

Exact and approximate analytical formulas for the inband crosstalk caused by discrete reflection followed by Rayleigh backscattering are derived. Also, a simplified expression for the double Rayleigh backscattered power is found and the total crosstalk in terms of elementary functions is calculated. Results of measurements performed in a nonzero dispersion-shifted fibre agree with theoretical predictions within 1 dB.
Iron absorption by heterozygous carriers of the HFE C282Y mutation associated with hemochromatosis

Background: Research conducted before genotyping was possible suggested that subjects heterozygous for the genetic mutation associated with hemochromatosis absorbed nonheme iron more efficiently than did control subjects when tested with a fortified meal. Heme-iron absorption in these subjects has not been reported. Objective: We compared the absorption of heme and nonheme iron from minimally or highly fortified test meals between HFE C282Yheterozygous and wild-type control subjects. Design: After prospective genotyping of 256 healthy volunteers, 11 C282Y-heterozygous and 12 wild-type control subjects were recruited, and their iron absorption was compared by using a hamburger test meal with or without added iron and ascorbic acid. After retrospective genotyping of 103 participants in previous ironabsorption studies, 5 C282Y-heterozygous subjects were compared with 72 wild-type control subjects. Results: HFE C282Y-heterozygous subjects did not differ significantly from wild-type control subjects in their absorption of either heme or nonheme iron from minimally or highly fortified test meals. No differences were detected in blood indexes of iron status (including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and non-transferrin-bound iron) or in blood lipids or transaminases, but heterozygotes had significantly greater, although normal, fasting glucose concentrations than did wild-type control subjects. Compound heterozygotes (those who had both HFE C282Y and H63D mutations) absorbed more nonheme (but not heme) iron from meals with high (but not low) iron bioavailability. Conclusions: HFE C282Y-heterozygous subjects did not absorb dietary iron more efficiently, even when foods were highly fortified with iron from ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid, than did control subjects. Iron fortification of foods should not pose an additional health risk to HFE C282Y heterozygotes. Am J Clin Nutr2004; 80:924 –31.
Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Contributions by the Midlatitude Upper-Level Trough to Reintensification

Abstract The extratropical cyclone development processes during the reintensification stage of an extratropical transition from a tropical cyclone (TC) are described using numerical simulations. Three control simulations without a tropical cyclone present examine the extratropical cyclogenesis associated with upper-level troughs that are characterized as weak, moderate, and strong. When no tropical cyclone is included in the simulation, the minimum surface pressures attained with the weak, moderate, and strong troughs are 1003, 991, and 977 mb, respectively. In all three cases, the low tilts northwestward with height during intensification, and the rainfall pattern and eventual occlusion are representative of classic extratropical cyclone development. The interactions of a tropical cyclone with each of the three midlatitude circulation patterns are compared with the control simulations to illustrate the contributions to the extratropical transition of the tropical cyclone. In the three trough-with-TC case...
Development and evaluation of virtual refrigerant mass flow sensors for fault detection and diagnostics

Abstract Refrigerant mass flow rate is an important measurement for monitoring equipment performance and enabling fault detection and diagnostics. This paper presents and evaluates three different virtual refrigerant mass flow (VRMF) sensors that use mathematical models to estimate flow rate using low cost measurements. The first model uses a compressor map that relates refrigerant flow rate to measurements of condensing and evaporating saturation temperature, and to compressor inlet temperature measurements. The second model uses an energy-balance method on the compressor that uses the compressor power consumption. The third model is developed using an empirical correlation for an electronic expansion valve (EEV) based on an orifice equation. The three VRMFs are shown to work well in estimating refrigerant mass flow rate for various systems under fault-free conditions with less than 5% RMS error. The combination of the three VRMFs can be utilized to detect and diagnose when the compressor and/or expansion device is not providing the expected flow.
On the Strategic Equivalence of Linear Dynamic and Repeated Games

Dynamic (or stochastic) games are, in general, considerably more complicated to analyze than repeated games. This paper shows that for every deterministic dynamic game that is linear in the state, there exists a strategically equivalent representation as a repeated game. A dynamic game is said to be linear in the state if it holds for both the state transition function as well as for the one-period payoff function that (i) they are additively separable in action profiles and states and (ii) the state variables enter linearly. Strategic equivalence refers to the observation that the two sets of subgame perfect equilibria coincide, up to a natural projection of dynamic game strategy profiles on the much smaller set of repeated game histories. Furthermore, it is shown that the strategic equivalence result still holds for certain stochastic elements in the transition function if one allows for additional signals in the repeated game or in the presence of a public correlating device.
Amazon Basin Hydrometeorology

The Amazon Basin lies across the equator, so the climate is established by the motion of the equatorial low pressure region. The result is a very rainy wet season and a very dry dry season with two transitions. The wet season is characterized by short periods of rain several times each day, with time distribution of rainfall similar to that expected for thunderstorms. The dry season frequently experiences less than 10 mm of rainfall.
Affinity and Efficacy of Oxotremorine Analogs at Ileal Muscarinic Receptors

The pharmacological activity of a muscarinic agonist, as measured for example by contractile responses in smooth muscle preparations, is a function of both its affinity for the receptor and its efficacy in producing a stimulus that leads to a response (26). Because of the existence in many tissues of a receptor reserve for muscarinic agonists, ED50 values for pharmacological responses often are poor estimates of affinities. More satisfactory estimates of agonist affinities may be obtained from receptor binding studies. Although the relationship between binding parameters and ED50 values of muscarinic agonists is not yet fully understood, radioligand binding techniques have given valuable information on the structural demands for agonist binding at the muscarinic receptor (3, 12). In contrast, the structural features of muscarinic agonists that cause them to activate the receptor are less readily assessed.
Two-Dimensional Silicon/Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators

Spatial light modulator (SLM) technology based on commodity silicon fabrication processes and employing a thin, ferroelectric liquid crystal light modulating layer at the chip’s surface, has advanced to the point of producing high-performance, practically useful devices. Electrically addressed display devices with 256 × 256 resolution, 100: 1 contrast, and 10 kHz frame rate, as well as optically addressed, “smart” SLMs that perform spatio-temporal filtering on images, have resulted in the course of the author’s involvement with Displaytech, Inc. The silicon technology infrastructure is a juggernaut that produces regular and significant advances in capability. An optoelectronics technology based on foundry silicon can exploit these advances directly and realize rapid improvements. The gains in the density, speed, and optical performance of the Si/FLC devices presented here, illustrate this perspective. The favorable speed-power performance of these devices is due to an excellent match in the “terminal characteristics” of FLC materials with those of fine-line MOSFETs. The impact of these characteristics on overall device performance is discussed in some depth.
Soil DIC uptake and fixation in Pinus taeda seedlings and its C contribution to plant tissues and ectomycorrhizal fungi

Plants can acquire carbon from sources other than atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)), including soil-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Although the net flux of CO(2) is out of the root, soil DIC can be taken up by the root, transported within the plant, and fixed either photosynthetically or anaplerotically by plant tissues. We tested the ability of Pinus taeda L. seedlings exposed to (13)C-labeled soil DIC and two NH(4)(+) availability regimes to take up and fix soil DIC. We also measured the concentration and distribution of the fixed soil DIC within the plant and mycorrhizal tissues, and quantified the contribution of soil DIC to whole-plant carbon (C) gain. Seedlings exposed to labeled DIC were significantly enriched in (13)C compared with seedlings exposed to unlabeled DIC (6.7 versus -31.7 per thousand). Fixed soil DIC was almost evenly distributed between above- and belowground biomass (55 and 45%, respectively), but was unevenly distributed among tissues. Aboveground, stem tissue contained 65% of the fixed soil DIC but represented only 27% of the aboveground biomass, suggesting either corticular photosynthesis or preferential stem allocation. Belowground, soil DIC had the greatest effect (measured as (13)C enrichment) on the C pool of rapidly growing nonmycorrhizal roots. Soil DIC contributed approximately 0.8% to whole-plant C gain, and approximately 1.6% to belowground C gain. We observed a slight but nonsignificant increase in both relative C gain and the contribution of soil DIC to C gain in NH(4)(+)-fertilized seedlings. Increased NH(4)(+) availability significantly altered the distribution of fixed soil DIC among tissue types and increased the amount of fixed soil DIC in ectomycorrhizal roots by 130% compared with unfertilized seedlings. Increased NH(4)(+) availability did not increase fixation of soil DIC in nonmycorrhizal roots, suggesting that NH(4)(+) assimilation may be concentrated in ectomycorrhizal fungal tissues, reflecting greater anaplerotic demands. Soil DIC is likely to contribute only a small amount of C to forest trees, but it may be important in C fixation processes of specific tissues, such as newly formed stems and fine roots, and ectomycorrhizal roots assimilating NH(4)(+).
Pre- and Postoperative Predictors of Infection-Related Complications in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Abstract Introduction: We aim to describe pre- and postoperative predictors of infection-related complications in individuals undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Patients and Methods: Patients treated with PCNL from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Patients with positive urine or stone cultures received extended antimicrobial treatment. All others received 7 days of empirical therapy preoperatively and postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative predictors of infectious complication were identified. Results: We identified 227 patients who underwent primary PCNL with infectious complications occurring in 37 (16%): 11 (5%) urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis, 21 (9%) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and 2 (0.9%) sepsis. There were no significant differences between those with and without infectious complication with regard to age, gender, stone size, presence of diabetes, or procedure duration. Those with infectious complication were more likely to have a positive intraoperative stone c...
Understanding medical device regulation.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this article is to provide a structural and functional understanding of the systems used for the regulation of medical devices in the USA and European Union (EU).Recent findingsSafe and effective anesthesia care depends heavily on medical devices, including simple, lo
Design, development and testing of a punting unmanned underwater vehicle

We detail the development of a novel propulsion system for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV's) inspired by the punting locomotion of the ‘Little Skate’. The hybrid legged, gliding and punting gait is a potential enabling technology for UUV access to complex littoral environments. Design, development and initial trials with the prototype vehicle are presented. A combination of video motion capture and on-board inertial sensing is validated and used for preliminary analysis of a limited set of punting gaits. The results indicate the importance of matching vehicle morphology and kinematics to achieve effective locomotion and that the prototype is viable to be used as a validation tool for a general punting dynamic model that is in development.
Five Essays on the Geometry of László Fejes Tóth

In this paper we consider the following topics related to results of Laszlo Fejes Toth: (1) The Tammes problem and Fejes Toth’s bound on circle packings; (2) Fejes Toth’s problem on maximizing the minimum distance between antipodal pairs of points on the sphere; (3) Fejes Toth’s problem on the maximum kissing number of packings on the sphere; (4) The Fejes Toth–Sachs problem on the one-sided kissing numbers; (5) Fejes Toth’s papers on the isoperimetric problem for polyhedra.
Social Support, Religious Involvement and Alcohol Use among Students at a Conservative Religious University

The misuse of alcohol among college students remains a significant public health concern in the United States. Excessive drinking among college students has been linked to numerous negative consequences, including rape, impaired academic performance, absenteeism from work and school and damaged social relations. This study examined whether religious involvement and social support played a role in reducing the frequency of alcohol use. A non-random convenience sample of 364 students from a larger study of 760 college students—18 years old and older—were recruited over a 2 month period. The survey used in this study consisted of 124 items and collected information on areas such as substance misuse, sexual activity, use of pornography, relationships, personal religious practices, and social support. A descriptive analysis and chi-square were performed to determine if there was a relationship between frequency of alcohol use and gender, marital status, student class, GPA, religion, ethnicity and age. Linear regression was conducted to determine if social support and religious involvement were predictors of frequency of alcohol misuse. Multivariate regression analysis was used for predicting religious involvement when including social support while controlling for gender, age, ethnicity and grade. The present study revealed that religious involvement was a predictor for reduced frequency of alcohol use, while social support was not a predictor of lower frequency of alcohol use.
Atrazine and amphibians: Data re-analysis and a summary of the controversy

The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used, well studied, and controversial pesticides on the planet. Much of the controversy involves the effects of atrazine on wildlife, particularly amphibians and their non-infectious and infectious diseases, including diseases caused by trematode infections. Here I re-analyze data from authors that were funded by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., the company that produces atrazine, and show that even these authors revealed that increasing concentrations of atrazine applied to outdoor mesocosms increases the population growth rate of snails that can transmit trematode parasites to amphibians. These researchers missed this finding in their data because they never calculated population growth rates for the snail populations before they reached a carrying capacity or crashed. These results demonstrate that both Syngenta-funded and non-Syngenta-funded researchers have provided evidence that ecologically relevant concentrations of atrazine are capable of increasing snail populations. Given the controversy surrounding the effects of atrazine on amphibians, I follow this re-analysis with a timeline of some of the most salient events in the history of the atrazine-amphibian controversy.
Competitive Advantage Logics

Why do some firms pick superior resources, opportunities, or activity systems? The answer lies in our entrepreneurial logic in that the competitive advantage lies in the firm’s value creation and appropriation mechanism that is enhanced by entrepreneurial incentives. The extant strategic logics are contrasted with our entrepreneurial logic. The resource-based views assume that the firm always delivers superior performance when a strategic resource is present. The positioning view assumes that managers will always recognize and act on attractive strategic positions in a timely manner, and configure superior value activities that provide the firm competitive advantage. Entrepreneurial incentives induce the entrepreneurial behavior that empowers managers to overcome traditional behavioral bounds and enhance the firm’s learning, adaptation, agility, and cognition. The entrepreneurial behavior of a firm meets the conditions of the source of competitive advantage, namely, scarcity, imperfect imitability, and imperfect mobility. It is not the firm’s strategic resources or strategic position per se but the entrepreneurial incentives that provide the executives a powerful motivation to earn an entrepreneurial surplus, which enhances their execution of the business model mechanism and provides the firm competitive advantage.
TAVI in patients unsuitable for surgery: a prognostic benefit for all?

Since Alain Cribier performed the first human transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in 2002 [(1)][1], the procedure has evolved into a reproducible and safe technique with >100,000 procedures performed worldwide. Early experience with new devices and techniques in Europe led to advanced
Implications of Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils for Human Health and Cancer Risk

Bioremediation uses soil microorganisms to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into less toxic compounds and can be performed in situ, without the need for expensive infrastructure or amendments. This review provides insights into the cancer risks associated with PAH-contaminated soils and places bioremediation outcomes in a context relevant to human health. We evaluated which bioremediation strategies were most effective for degrading PAHs and estimated the cancer risks associated with PAH-contaminated soils. Cancer risk was statistically reduced in 89% of treated soils following bioremediation, with a mean degradation of 44% across the B2 group PAHs. However, all 180 treated soils had postbioremediation cancer risk values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health-based acceptable risk level (by at least a factor of 2), with 32% of treated soils exceeding recommended levels by greater than 2 orders of magnitude. Composting treatments were most effective at biodegra...
Computational Screening of Functionalized UiO-66 Materials for Selective Contaminant Removal from Air

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications for efficient filtration of toxic gases from ambient air. We have used computational methods to examine the efficacy of functionalized UiO-66 with a wide range of functional groups to identify materials suitable for selective adsorption of NH3, H2S, or CO2 under humid conditions. To this end, adsorption energies at various favorable positions in the structures are obtained from both cluster-based and periodic models. Our cluster calculations show that DFT calculations using the PBE-D2 functional can reliably predict the ranking of materials obtained at the MP2 level. Performing PBE-D2 calculations using periodic models gives rankings of materials that are significantly different from those of cluster calculations, showing that confinement effects are important in these materials. On the basis of these calculations, recommendations for high performing materials are made using PBE-D2 calculations from periodic models that use the full structure of ...
Thermic: A Research-driven Base Layer Developed for Runners

The objective of this study was to develop and test a base layer concept that aids in thermal comfort while running in cold weather. The base layer concept was developed through a participatory design scenario where attributes that are important to runners who run more than 30 miles per week were identified and applied through concepts generated in quasi-experimental controlled design sessions and tested through wear trials in actual use environments. The outcome of this research is Thermic, a further refined prototype, based on wear test results. This project followed a Participatory Design (PD) process where runners (a.k.a. users) were active participants in the creation and testing of the base layer. PD methods are grounded in the context of use and involve users as inside and active contributors throughout each step of design and development process .
Catalytic Carbonylative Rearrangement of Norbornadiene via Dinuclear Carbon–Carbon Oxidative Addition

Single bonds between carbon atoms are inherently challenging to activate using transition metals; however, ring-strain release can provide the necessary thermodynamic driving force to make such processes favorable. In this report, we describe a strain-induced C–C oxidative addition of norbornadiene. The reaction is mediated by a dinuclear Ni complex, which also serves as a catalyst for the carbonylative rearrangement of norbornadiene to form a bicyclo[3.3.0] product.
Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland-urban interface

Conflicts between large mammalian predators and humans present a challenge to conservation efforts, as these events drive human attitudes and policies concerning predator species. Unfortunately, generalities portrayed in many empirical carnivore landscape selection studies do not provide an explanation for a predator's occasional use of residential development preceding a carnivore-human conflict event. In some cases, predators may perceive residential development as a risk-reward trade-off. We examine whether state-dependent mortality risk-sensitive foraging can explain an apex carnivore's (Puma concolor) occasional utilization of residential areas. We assess whether puma balance the risk and rewards in a system characterized by a gradient of housing densities ranging from wildland to suburban. Puma GPS location data, characterized as hunting and feeding locations, were used to assess landscape variables governing hunting success and hunting site selection. Hunting site selection behaviour was then analysed conditional on indicators of hunger state. Residential development provided a high energetic reward to puma based on increases in prey availability and hunting success rates associated with increased housing density. Despite a higher energetic reward, hunting site selection analysis indicated that pumas generally avoided residential development, a landscape type attributed with higher puma mortality risk. However, when a puma experienced periods of extended hunger, risk avoidance behaviour towards housing waned. This study demonstrates that an apex carnivore faces a trade-off between acquiring energetic rewards and avoiding risks associated with human housing. Periods of hunger can help explain an apex predator's occasional use of developed landscapes and thus the rare conflicts in the wildland-urban interface. Apex carnivore movement behaviours in relation to human conflicts are best understood as a three-player community-level interaction incorporating wild prey distribution.
Heuristic compression of an English word list: Research Articles

The goal of the project was to design and implement an English word-list representation suitable for spell-checking in space-constrained environments. The compression algorithm was derived by statistically analyzing the word list. A compression ratio of 18p was achieved through a combination of prefix and suffix encoding. The compressed file can be randomly accessed by prefix marker positions. A simple spell-checker based on the encoding was implemented and tested in Java. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology of PTLD

Several different types of risk factors (host, infectious, transplant immunosuppression) are associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) development Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) infection is the single most important risk factor PTLD is a significant cause of earlier graft loss and added mortalit
The Metabolism of Vitamin B6

Publisher Summary The three naturally occurring forms of vitamin B6, pyridoxine (also called pyridoxol), pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, occur free to only a limited extent in tissues, most of the vitamin being present as the corresponding 5′-phosphate esters. Of these, only pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate have recognized co-enzymatic functions. This chapter discusses the metabolism of these various forms of vitamin B6. The chapter discusses their biosynthesis, absorption and transport, interconversion, and catabolic degradation in various organisms. The chapter discusses how these processes primarily take place in microorganisms and in higher animals. A striking characteristic of vitamin B6 absorption is the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to take up quantities of pyridoxine, which exceed greatly the physiological need of the animal. Large doses of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine appear to be absorbed by human male adults as readily as pyridoxine, as judged by recoveries of metabolic products from the urine.
Control of biological electron transport via molecular recognition and binding: The “velcro” model

Some of the factors which control molecular recognition and binding between electron transfer proteins have been elucidated from studies of the interaction between cytochrome c and its redox partners, particularly cytochrome c peroxidase (ccp). Data from a number of labs point towards a new motif for (macro)molecular recognition: not the classical lock and key of enzymology, but a variety of overlapping binding sites which create broadly complementary patches of charge and hydrophobicity on the partners, which consequently stick on contact, like “velcro’. The initially formed complex may then undergo dynamic reorientation to obtain an optimal orientation for electron transfer. If slow, this reorientation may be rate limiting (gating), while if fast, may contribute to the observed reorganization energy. A biological rationale for this motif is briefly discussed.
A study of model nighttime ozone bias in air quality modeling

Abstract This study investigated the causes behind the nighttime ozone biases in southeast Texas, including background ozone, the land use/land cover (LULC) change and the minimum nighttime eddy diffusivity coefficient (Kzmin) setting. It also tried to shed light on a historical issue of large ozone biases by tracing the history of Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's treatment of Kzmin. The ozone biases associated with the low and active ozone days are distinctively different through examination of their diurnal cycles. Hence the model background ozone bias is likely responsible for ozone bias at the regional level. Significant differences in PBL height, vertical mixing, dry deposition and spatial patterns of ozone biases were found in two LULC cases. Spatial patterns of nighttime eddy diffusivity and dry deposition are consistent with the underlying LULC data. By using the default Kzmin setting which lowering the nighttime vertical mixing, the average ozone bias is reduced as compared to the alternative Kzmin setting. The reduction is 3.7 ppb or 31% when the latest National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 is used. Still biases as high as 20 ppb exist at a number of sites. There are minimal changes in ozone biases in inner city and coastal sites while the changes in some rural/suburban sites are substantial. Also higher sensitivity was observed when preceding day ozone was high. The results showed that both downward mixing of ozone above and dilution of surface NO are important processes for nighttime ozone. By comparing the spatial bias pattern of 2006 and 2015, we are fairly certain the high nighttime eddy diffusivity in the old simulation played a significant role in the large nighttime biases. The impacts from the uncertainties in dry deposition can be medium while uncertainties caused by model horizontal advection are likely less significant. Factors other than background ozone mostly contribute to the local level biases.
Abstract 3729: Novel radiation mitigators and anticancer drugs

The possibility of a radiation disaster from a nuclear detonation or accident has existed for over 50 years and spawned much of the basic research in radiobiology in the 1950-60s. The recent Fukushima accident was yet another reminder that there remains a dire need to develop novel therapies against radiation-induced toxicities. Here we report on the development of two novel radiation countermeasure therapies: CJ010 and Yel002. These small, biologically active, drug-like molecules were uncovered in the DEL high throughput assay reducing radiation-induced cyto- and geno-toxicity in yeast. Radiation-modulating activity was further confirmed in yeast plate-based DEL Assay: addition of either CJ010 or Yel002 to irradiated cultures reduced cell death and genomic instability. Further, the compounds increases survival to 75% in vivo following an LD100/30 dose of ionizing radiation (IR) with the first therapeutic injection administered 24 hours post exposure followed by injections at 48,72,96, and 120 hours. Additionally, treatment with Yel001 an analog of CJ010 and Yel002 compounds reduces radiation-induced leukemia from 90% to to 50% and 40% respectively. Of note, treatment with either Yel001 or Yel002 reduced spontaneous leukemia rate from 10% to 0%. Treatment with Yel002 following IR accelerates the recovery of the hematopoietic cells after sub-lethal exposures. In addition, treatment with Yel002 reduces EMS, MMS, UV, radioactive iodine, cigarette smoke extract as well as nitrogen mustard induced toxicity as well as genotoxicity showing a broad application spectrum. It also prolongs live of cells in a senescence assay. In addition Atm deficient mice live 16 weeks longer with weekly injection of Yel002 which is about 12 years in human life expectancy. In addition, Yel002 complements a zebrafish model of Diamond Blackfan Anemia. It works in yeast, CHO cells, different human cells, mice and zebrafish. Toxicity has not been observed in neither in vitro or in vivo administrations. Overall, Yel compounds have much potential as stockpile therapies for radiation-induced lethality and cancer: they are highly effective when administered up to 24hours post exposure, they reduce radiation-induce sequelae such as leukemia, and appear to have an acceptable toxicity profile. Citation Format: Robert H. Schiestl, Yelena Rivina, Michael Davoren. Novel radiation mitigators and anticancer drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3729.
Pediatric Complex Chronic Conditions: Does the Classification System Work for Infants?:

Background:One widely accepted approach to identify children with life-limiting health problems is the complex chronic conditions (CCCs) classification system. Although considered the “gold standar...
Transformative Ethnography: teaching the art of fieldwork

Transformative ethnography is a method of learning to cross cultures through an embodied, experiential, and reflective practice. I have developed this method over fifteen years of anthropological fieldwork and reflection. This methodology requires the practitioner to embody a foreign practice, generally through art, music, or a specialized skill or technique. She moves through four phases that overlap and intertwine as she goes about the ethnographic process: sensorial observation, embodying practice, emptying and reflecting, and embodying representation. The purpose of Transformative Ethnography is to become explicitly aware of the process of loosening ones own, and adopting to another cultural way of thinking and acting. The overarching research question to this methodology asks How can we re-make ourselves, consciously, in order to fit new (multi-) cultural realities? It is controversial in that it incorporates mindfulness training - something not yet broadly accepted in our discipline. It is creative in that it draws on art-based techniques of observation and embodiment in ways that select few anthropologists are using in the field today.
Attitudes Toward Hypothetical Uses of Gene-Editing Technologies in Parents of People with Autosomal Aneuploidies.

Abstract Researchers are exploring the use of gene-editing technologies to prevent and/or treat genetic conditions in humans. Stakeholder views, including those of patient and family populations, a...
Erythroplasia the oral epithelial lesion with the greatest potential for malignant transformation ndash a mini review

The purpose of this mini review was to provide information to improve the knowledge of dental surgeons and researchers about oral erythroplasia It is defined as a red spot or plaque that cannot be diagnosed clinically or histopathologically as any other condition Its pathogenesis process is unknown Clinically the lesions may present in different shapes and sizes and the preference sites for its affection are floor of the mouth tongue soft palate Erytrhroplasia is rare but has been considered among of the potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions the one with the greatest potential for malignant transformation Despite the severity few studies evaluating erythroplasia alone New methods of diagnosis and treatment have been studied however clinical and histopathological examination is still diagnostic methods and the degree of epithelial dysplasia guides the treatment However less subjective alternatives for determining the degree of severity of oral dysplasias need to be established
Role of intermediate care unit admission and non-invasive respiratory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to shortage of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) capacity. We developed a triage strategy including non-invasive respiratory support and admission to the intermediate care unit (IMCU). ICU admission was restricted to patients requiring invasive ventilation. Objectives The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the intermediate care unit. Method Retrospective cohort including consecutive patients admitted between March 28th and April 27th 2020. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure avoiding ICU admission. Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency intubation, 28-days mortality and predictors of ICU admission. Results One hundred fifty seven patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia were admitted to the IMCU. Among the 85 patients admitted for worsening respiratory failure, 52/85 (61%) avoided ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, PaO2/FiO2 (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) and Body Mass Index (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98) were significantly associated with ICU admission. No death or emergency intubation occurred in the intermediate care unit. Among the 72 patients transferred from the ICU, 60/72 (83%) presented neurological complications. Conclusions Non-invasive respiratory support including High-Flow Nasal Oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure prevents ICU admission for a large proportion of patients with COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure. In the context of the COVID pandemic, intermediate care units may play an important role in preserving ICU capacity by avoiding ICU admission for patients with worsening respiratory failure and allowing early discharge of ICU patients.
Completeness of Positive Linear Recurrence Sequences

A sequence of positive integers is complete if every positive integer is a sum of distinct terms. A positive linear recurrence sequence (PLRS) is a sequence defined by a homogeneous linear recurrence relation with nonnegative coefficients of the form $H_{n+1} = c_1 H_n + \cdots + c_L H_{n-L+1}$ and a particular set of initial conditions. We seek to classify various PLRS's by completeness. With results on how completeness is affected by modifying the recurrence coefficients of a PLRS, we completely characterize completeness of several families of PLRS's as well as conjecturing criteria for more general families. Our primary method is applying Brown's criterion, which says that an increasing sequence $\{H_n\}_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ is complete if and only if $H_1 = 1$ and $H_{n + 1} \leq 1 + \sum_{i = 1}^n H_i$. %A survey of these results can be found in \cite{BHLLMT}. Finally, we adopt previous analytic work on PLRS's to find a more efficient way to check completeness. Specifically, the characteristic polynomial of any PLRS has exactly one positive root; by bounding the size of this root, the majority of sequences may be classified as complete or incomplete. Additionally, we show there exists an indeterminate region where the principal root does not reveal any information on completeness. We have conjectured precise bounds for this region.
Exploratory Analysis of Glycemic Control and Variability Over Gestation among Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

In exploratory analyses, we evaluated glycemic variability (GV) and gestational outcomes in pregnant women (n = 28) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Gestational age at delivery was higher for women with...
Abstract 2600: Deep-LIBRA: An artificial intelligence approach for fully-automated assessment of breast density in digital mammography

Accurate estimation of mammographic breast density could aid in augmenting breast cancer risk assessment for women undergoing breast screening with full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Breast density can be estimated from FFDM and is most commonly assessed in the clinic by visual grading into one of the four categories defined by the American College of Radiology BI-RADS. However, BI-RADS density assessment is highly subjective and does not provide a quantitative, continuous measure of percent density (PD), which would allow for more refined risk stratification and assessment of density changes. Here, we introduce Deep-LIBRA, an artificial intelligence (AI) tool for fully-automated assessment of breast PD from FFDM images. Two key modules form the core of Deep-LIBRA: 1) an implementation of a modified U-Net architecture for breast segmentation and 2) a radiomic machine learning module that performs PD estimation within the segmented breast region. To develop and validate Deep-LIBRA, raw (i.e., "For Processing") FFDM images (Selenia Dimensions, Hologic Inc.) acquired at two breast cancer screening practices were retrospectively analyzed. For the breast segmentation module, we used a total of 12,100 FFDM studies from 2,200 individual women and a 90%-10% split-sample training-validation approach, using the Dice coefficient to evaluate the accuracy of Deep-LIBRA versus ground-truth manual breast segmentation. For the PD estimation module we used a total of 3,304 FFDM images from 1,652 individual women; manual PD scores obtained with the widely used Cumulus software were used as the "gold standard" in a three-fold cross-validation setting to assess the accuracy of Deep-LIBRA in PD estimation. PD estimates from Deep-LIBRA were also compared with breast density estimates from the commercially available Volpara software. Breast segmentation had a Dice coefficient of 95.31% when compared to ground-truth manual breast segmentation in the validation set. Deep-LIBRA average differences from ground-truth PD scores in the three cross-validation folds were 4.91%, 4.65%, and 4.22%, while Volpara had corresponding average differences of 6.20%, 6.01%, and 5.94%. Deep-LIBRA PD scores were also significantly different from Volpara PD (t-test p-value Citation Format: Omid Haji Maghsoudi, Scott Christopher, Aimilia Gastounioti, Lauren Pantalone, Fang-Fang Wu, Eric A. Cohen, Winham Stacey, Emily F. Conant, Celine Vachon, Despina Kontos. Deep-LIBRA: An artificial intelligence approach for fully-automated assessment of breast density in digital mammography [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2600.