cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multidisciplinary performance improvement rotation in an internal medicine training program.

Performance Improvement (PI) in health care is defined as “combined and unceasing efforts of everyone - healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators - to make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes, better system performance and better professional development”.1 Emphasis on quality improvement with formal rotations in residency programmes is a recent phenomenon. Our Internal Medicine Training Program based at Sisters of Charity Hospital is a part of the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo). We have a total of 37 medical residents each year. In 2006, we implemented a four-week rotation titled ‘Performance Improvement Rotation’ and focused on five specific areas: Core measures, Departmental peer review process, Clinical documentation, Patient safety goals and adverse event reporting. The four-week rotation, mandatory for the residents in second year of training, started with an orientation and concluded with a written examination with required performance at 75 percentile. While many programmes have their own curricula for patient safety rotations, in June 2012, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) as a component of the Next Accreditation System (NAS) in an attempt to focus on patient safety education and quality improvement in training programmes.2,3 ACGME is the body responsible for accrediting the majority of graduate medical training programmes for physicians in the United States. When ACGME established these CLER guidelines, we decided to evaluate and modify the existing curriculum. What was the curriculum? In the review of core measures, residents understood the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) core measures.4 They performed chart review of patients admitted to the hospital. Core measures are specific clinical measures that, when viewed together, permit an assessment of the quality of care provided in a specific condition, for example, acute myocardial infarction. As a part of Peer Review Process, residents participated in a peer review module to identify and prevent patient safety deficiencies.5 To improve and standardize the documentation, the clinical documentation consultants discussed documentation requirements with chart review on the floors with the residents.6 Patient safety goals component of the rotation was diverse and included verbal order chart review, medication reconciliation, Do Not Use (DNU) abbreviations, patient identification guidelines as defined by Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)7 and look alike and sound alike medications. Adverse event reporting exercise had activities like participating in ‘Root Cause Analysis (RCA)’ of few patients.
Long term reliability analysis of components of photovoltaic system based on Markov process

In this study, long term component reliability analysis of PV system is performed using Markov method. Four major components for evaluation of the system are considered with 16 different states to evaluate a PV system as a package with one reliability index. The probability analysis for each state shows that although at very first years the states of combination of multiple failures are negligible, after several years of operation, all states are effective in the reliability of the system. Based on Markov modeling given in the study and actual failure and repair rates of components, the reliability analysis shows that the reliability of the system decreases from 0.99 to 0.81 in 20 years. The initial condition for each year is gained from the final condition of the previous year. The annual value of the reliability of PV system makes the designers plan major maintenance and switching based on cost and load. 1
Revised single-spacecraft method for determining wave vector k and resolving space-time ambiguity

A practical method is proposed for determining the wave vector of waves from single-spacecraft measurements. This wave vector knowledge can then be used to remove the space-time ambiguity produced by frequency Doppler shift associated with spacecraft motion. The method involves applying the Wiener-Khinchin theorem to cross correlations of the current and magnetic field oscillations and to autocorrelations of the magnetic field oscillations. The method requires that each wave frequency component map to a unique wave vector, a condition presumed true in many spacecraft measurement situations. Examples validating the method are presented.
Problem Behavior Theory and Adolescent Development

This chapter is a summary of the theory and research findings from the Socialization of Problem Behavior in Youth Study. It reviews the contributions of the Personality System variables and the Perceived Environment System variables in Problem Behavior Theory to an explanation of problem behavior in samples of adolescents in High School and young people in College in a university community in the Rocky Mountain region. Although each theoretical system provides a significant account of problem behavior variation, in both samples and for both sexes, their combined contribution is larger than that of either alone. The pattern of findings supports the usefulness of the new concept, ‘problem behavior syndrome,’ to reflect the co-variation that obtained among various problem behaviors in both samples. It also supports the new concept of ‘transition proneness,’ the pattern of theoretical attributes reflecting a readiness to make a developmental transition. The chapter elaborates the developmental and predictive results of this four-wave, longitudinal study and makes clear, for the first time, the developmental relevance of Problem Behavior Theory.
The effect of Mg-doping and Cu nonstoichiometry on the photoelectrochemical response of CuFeO2

We report the tuning of CuFeO2 photoelectrodes by Mg doping and Cu deficiency to demonstrate the effects of carrier concentration on the photoresponse. Carrier type and concentration were quantitatively assessed using the Hall effect on pure, Mg-incorporated, and Cu-deficient pellets (CuFe1−xMgxO2 and Cu1−yFeO2, x = 0, 0.0005, 0.005, 0.02, and y = 0.005, 0.02) over the range of thermodynamic stability achievable using solid-state synthesis. The same samples were used in a photoelectrochemical cell to measure their photoresponse. We find that the material with the lowest p-type carrier concentration and the highest carrier mobility shows the largest photoresponse. Furthermore, we show that increasing the p-type carrier concentration and thus the conductivity to high levels is limited by the delafossite defect chemistry, which changes the majority carrier type from p-type to n-type near the Mg solubility limit (x = 0.05) and at high Cu defect concentrations.
Reforming sacred institutions: the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Roman Catholic Church compared

AbstractThe Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) are both conceptualized as sacred institutions, with many features of ideology/theology, hierocratic structure, and policy process in common. After periods of exclusion, they both also faced strong pressures to adapt to changes in the modern world, both internal and external, and to reduce status differentiation within the hierarchy and between the clergy/apparatchiki hierarchy and the laity/population. The present article compares and contrasts de-Stalinization under Khrushchev (1956–1964) with the results of Vatican II (1959–1965), and Gorbachev’s reforms (1985–1991) with the efforts of Pope Francis to reform the RCC (2013–present). The comparisons validate the explanatory power of the noted similarities between these sacred institutions, while also highlighting significant differences in structure, mission, and process, which explain why Pope Francis has adopted an incremental strategy for reform of the RCC, in contrast...
Self-similarity of passive scalar flow in grid turbulence with a mean cross-stream gradient

Scaling of grid turbulence with a constant mean cross-stream temperature gradient is investigated using a combination of theoretical predictions and experimental data. A novel nanoscale temperature probe (T-NSTAP) was used to acquire temperature data. Conditions for self-similarity of the governing equations and the scalar spectrum are investigated, which reveals necessary conditions for the existence of a self-similar solution. These conditions provide a theoretical framework for scaling of the temperature spectrum as well as the temperature flux spectrum. One necessary condition, predicted by the theory, is that the characteristic length scale describing the scalar spectrum must vary as in the case of a zero virtual origin for a self-similar solution to exist. As predicted by the similarity analysis, the data show the variance growing as a power law with streamwise position. When scaled with the similarity variable, as found through the theoretical analysis, the temperature spectra show a good collapse over all wavenumbers. A new method to determine the quality of the scaling was developed, comparing the coefficient of variation. The minimum coefficient of variation, and thus the best scaling, for the measured spectra agrees well with the similarity requirements. The theoretical work also reveals an additional requirement related to the scaling of the scalar flux spectrum.
Passive pitching of splitters in the trailing edge of elliptic cylinders

The distinctive pitching of hinged splitters in the trailing edge of elliptic cylinders was experimentally studied at various angles of attack ( ) of the cylinder, Reynolds numbers, splitter lengths, aspect ratios ( ) of the cylinder and freestream turbulence levels. High-resolution telemetry and hotwire anemometry were used to characterize and gain insight on the dynamics of splitters and wake flow. Results show that the motions of the splitters contain various dominating modes, e.g. and , which are induced by the mean flow and wake dynamics. High background turbulence dampens the coherence of the regular vortex shedding leading to negligible . For a sufficiently long splitter, namely twice the semimajor axis of the cylinder, dual vortex shedding mode exists close to the leading and trailing edges of the splitter. In general, the splitters oscillate around an equilibrium position nearly parallel to the mean direction of the flow; however, a skewed equilibrium is also possible with a strong recirculation region. This is the case with cylinders of low and high , where higher lift and drag occurs. Flow measurements at various transverse locations within the wake of the cylinder–splitter system indicate that the signature of the low-frequency splitter pitching is shifted in the wake in the cases with non-zero of the cylinder. Although the splitter pitching exhibits two dominant vortex shedding modes in various configurations, only the higher frequency is transmitted to the wake.
Evaluating geriatrics in the medical school curriculum: using student journals.

“I really enjoy the conversations I have with the elderly as part of the Doctoring course, but my comfort in interacting with them as a health care provider is still low...the more exposure I get to the elderly, however, the less averse the idea of working with older patients becomes...the most significant change in my thinking about the elderly was the acknowledgement of a couple of misconceptions...”
Preoperative Shoulder Injections Are Associated With Increased Risk of Revision Rotator Cuff Repair

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine whether the timing of preoperative shoulder injections is associated with an increased risk of revision rotator cuff repair following primary rotator cuff repair (RCR). Methods A retrospective analysis of claims data of privately insured subjects from the MarketScan database for the years 2010 to 2014 was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the odds of reoperation between groups. Laterality for the injection, index procedure, and subsequent surgery were verified for all subjects. Results A total of 4,959 subjects with an arthroscopic RCR were identified, 392 of whom required revision RCR within the following 3 years. Patients who had an injection within 6 months preceding the index surgery were at a much higher risk of undergoing reoperation for revision RCR: 0 to 3 months prior, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.375 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027-1.840); 3 to 6 months prior, AOR 1.822 (95% CI, 1.290-2.573); and 6 to 12 months prior, AOR 1.237 (95% CI, 0.787-1.943). Conclusions Patients who had received an injection within 6 months prior to RCR were much more likely to undergo a revision cuff repair within the following 3 years. The risk of reoperation significantly declines if there is more than 6 months between injection and RCR. Consideration should be given to minimizing preoperative injections in patients requiring RCR or delaying primary RCR for 6 months following injection. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
Explicit and Implicit Dimensions of Adult–Child Interactions in a Quality Childcare Center

The case study presented in this article is designed to provide an in-depth understanding of how a highly trained and experienced early childhood educator thinks about her interactions with children within the context of a setting identified as providing quality childcare for 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds. Qualitative research methods are used, including interviews, participant observation, videotaping, and the teacher's reflections on interactions with children. Verbal and nonverbal patterns emerging from videotaped observations demonstrate how the teacher integrates information about specific children into these interactions. Although children's conceptions of time and space are consistently embedded in her thinking and reflected in her behavior, she never explicitly acknowledges these dimensions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the discrepancy between the teacher's implicit and explicit understanding of her interactions with children to childcare and the preparation and development of early childhood practitioners.
Characterization of multiple aspects of tumor physiology by multitracer positron emission tomography

Publisher Summary Noninvasive medical imaging procedures play a central and increasingly important role in cancer diagnosis, staging, re-staging, assessment of prognosis, treatment planning, therapy monitoring, and evaluation for recurrence. The dominant modality for imaging tumor physiology in vivo is positron emission tomography (PET). In PET, a pharmaceutical or compound that traces a specific molecular function or pathway is labeled with a positron-emitting radioisotope. The vast majority of clinical PET experience to date has been with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which is a marker for hexokinase activity. Most cancerous cells exhibit markedly increased FDG uptake as compared to normal cells. FDG PET is a fairly general-use tool for cancer imaging and is routinely used for evaluating indeterminate pulmonary nodules, staging, detecting distant metastases through whole-body imaging, and evaluating recurrent or residual disease following therapy. Moreover, since different PET tracers assess different aspects of tumor function, the complementary use of multiple PET tracers can provide greater insight into disease status. Such information may potentially offer improved methods for evaluating the grade and extent of disease, making an individualized prognosis and characterization of the malignancy, selecting the most effective therapy, monitoring tumor response to therapy, and evaluating residual/recurrent disease. Multiple PET tracers can provide significantly improved characterization of tumor status in vivo and may offer improved treatment selection and monitoring, but they are not widely used because of the technical and logistical challenges involved in imaging multiple PET tracers.
Clinical objective assessment of the accommodative response.

Objective assessments are often needed in a visual examination, and are often more reliable, and therefore helpful, in the decision-making process of patient care. One visual function that is generally evaluated subjectively is accommodation. In those patients that cannot respond properly, an objective assessment is needed. This paper discusses a procedure for the objective assessment of the amplitude of accommodation, the status of the accommodative response of each eye, and the facility of accommodation.
Role of Cytokines in Tumor Immunity and Immune Tolerance to Cancer

The complex cytokine network at the tumor microenvironment allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. While certain cytokines that are produced in the tumor microenvironment can function to inhibit tumor growth, others can promote tumor growth and progression. This chapter reviews the roles of pro-tumor cytokines (TGF-β, IL-17, IL-23, IL-35, and IL-10) that have pathogenic significance in cancer progression and also highlights antitumor cytokines (IL-12 and IL-27) with potential preclinical and clinical applications. A more detailed understanding of tumor-cytokine and immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment and thereby manipulating the balance of pro- vs. antitumor cytokines may achieve effective cancer immunotherapy.
Supporting Caregivers in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study of Their Activities and Roles.

Background:The significant role of lay caregivers has been explored in chronic and acute illnesses. In pregnancy, caregivers’ (eg, the baby’s father, friends, and family) roles in promoting the hea...
Economic burden of empiric drug utilization in metastatic renal cell carcinoma emphasizes the need for early biomarkers of response.

e16072Background: While targeted therapies have significantly changed clinical practice for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the economic burden of these drugs is increasing without concomita...
Presupposition-denying uses of even

This paper explores a puzzling contrast: even can be used in denials of presuppositions, but only when it appears below negation. I present a solution to this puzzle that makes crucial use of the additive presupposition of \emph{even}. This presupposition is controversial; I argue that the evidence used to challenge its presence does not show what it is claimed to show. I show that the puzzle is not unique to English and sketch crosslinguistic implications of the proposed analysis.
Correction to: Influences of Wave Climate and Sea Level on Shoreline Erosion Rates in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay

The article Influences of Wave Climate and Sea Level on Shoreline Erosion Rates in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay, written by Lawrence P. Sanford and Jia Gao, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 22 May 2017 without open access.
A Concept-Drift Based Predictive-Analytics Framework: Application for Real-Time Solar Irradiance Forecasting

Solar irradiance is the measurement of the amount of power from the Sun per unit area. Solar irradiance has a very high degree of variability, due to many environmental factors, including cloud cover, relative humidity, and air temperature. Predicting solar irradiance is very useful for measuring future solar energy production and power scheduling. Real-time solar irradiance can be forecasted using either maching learning or physics-based models, both having their own respective trade-offs. To overcome the limitations of both machine learning and physics-based simulations, we propose a novel framework in predictive analytics that combines the power of both types of models. In particular, we propose a concept-drift framework to develop a model that integrates satellite cloud imagery with real-time solar irradiance measurements to improve irradiance forecasting. We present preliminary results using real-world irradiance and cloud data to support the motivation for a concept-drift based approach. Based on our results, we found that one static model cannot fully capture the dynamics of solar irradiance on both days where cloud cover is present and days where there is no cloud cover.
Statistical Applications with Deformable M-Reps

There are many uses of the means of representing objects by discrete m-reps and of estimating probability distributions on them by extensions of linear statistical techniques to nonlinear manifolds describing the associated nonlinear transformations that were detailed in Chapter 8. Two important ones are described in this chapter: segmentation by posterior optimization and determining the significant shape distinctions that can be found in two different probability distributions on an m-rep with the same topology but from two different classes. Both uses require facing issues of probabilities on geometry at multiple levels of spatial scale. The segmentation problem requires the estimation of the probability of image intensity distributions given the object description; we describe a way of doing that by an extension of principal component analysis to regional intensity summaries produced using the object-relative coordinates provided by m-reps. Applications of both segmentation and determination of shape distinctions to anatomic objects in medical images are described. Also described is a variant on the segmentation program used in estimating the probability density on an m-rep; this program fits an m-rep to a binary image in a way that is intended to achieve correspondence of medial atoms across the training population.
Epistemic trespassing and disagreement

Abstract Communication in face-to-face human interaction entails complying with social and moral norms about knowledge possession and transfer, and violations of these norms are sanctionable offenses. Underestimating an addressee’s knowledge can be tantamount to an insult, especially in domains over which they have superior epistemic authority. This paper examines cases where parties are in explicit disagreement about both the content of an utterance and relative authority over the knowledge in that domain. In three studies, participants judged the relative acceptability of disagreement across different knowledge domains and across conditions in which the disagreeing parties had various social relationships and/or differing levels of expertise. The acceptability of disagreement systematically differed across knowledge domains, suggesting there is gradient texture to ‘epistemic territory’. The results also suggest that social distance and relative epistemic authority independently modulate the perceived acceptability of disagreement, as do the relative time and effort spent on knowledge acquisition.
Two-Dimensional Mapping of Interface Thermal Resistance by Transient Thermal Measurement

Bonded interfaces in power converters add thermal resistances to heat dissipation. Under cyclic power, temperature, or chemical loading, these interfaces degrade, raising the thermal resistances. Reliability of the thermal interfaces is especially problematic when the bonded area is large because the larger the area the more likely it is to have preexisting defects from processing. To help qualifying the development of a bonding process and quantifying the interface reliability, it would be desirable to have a simple, reliable, and nondestructive measurement technique to obtain a 2-D map of the interface thermal resistance across a large bonded area. Based on the transient thermal method of JEDEC standard 51-14, in this article, we develop a measurement technique that involves moving a thermal probe discretely across a large-area bonded substrate and acquiring the thermal interface resistance under the probe at each location. The probe is made by custom-packaging an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power device. An analytical thermal model is developed to gain insights into the effects of probe materials and structural parameters on the sensitivity of the measurement technique. To obtain a 2-D thermal resistance map of a bonded substrate, the probe is thermally coupled to the substrate at one location through a thermal pad or grease; the device is powered up to a steady-state junction temperature; the power is cutoff; and then the junction temperature during cool-down is recorded. The recorded temperature data are analyzed to derive a thermal structure function of the multilayer material stack. The process is repeated at other locations until a 2-D map of the interface thermal resistance across the entire substrate is completed. This technique is demonstrated on copper–copper bonded samples using either a thermal grease or sintered silver. The resolution of the 2-D mapping technique is evaluated by a copper–grease–copper stack with defects implanted at the bond line.
Chapter 26 – Principled Leadership

At this point in your lives and careers, you have certainly heard about and perhaps personally experienced unprincipled leadership. If you haven’t had the pleasure personally, you have certainly known friends who have struggled with this. It doesn’t help that some unprincipled people get to very high places before they are exposed. In this chapter, we will discuss the struggle to be a principled leader, why it matters, and make suggestions about how you can be true to principles while working in the maelstrom.
Pothole Mapping and Patching Quantity Estimates using LiDAR-Based Mobile Mapping Systems:

Pavement distress or pothole mapping is important to public agencies responsible for maintaining roadways. The efficient capture of 3D point cloud data using mapping systems equipped with LiDAR eli...
The Many-Body Expansion for Aqueous Systems Revisited: I. Water-Water Interactions.

We revisit the many-body expansion (MBE) for water-water interactions by examining the effects of the basis set, including those resulting from the basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction, and electron correlation on the various terms for selected sizes of water clusters up to n = 21. The analysis is performed at the second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory with the family of augmented correlation consistent basis sets up to five zeta quality (aug-cc-pVxZ, x = D, T, Q, 5) for the (H2O)n, n = 7, 10, 13, 16, and 21, clusters for which we report either the complete MBE (for n = 7, 10) or the ones through the 6-body (for n = 13) and the 5-body terms (for n = 16, 21). For the n = 3 and 7 clusters, we also report the analysis at the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple replacements in order to assess the effects of a higher correlation on the magnitude and percentage of the various MBE terms. Our results suggest that the oscillatory behavior around zero found for the 5-body and larger terms is solely an artifact of the (small) size of the basis set. Indeed, all terms above the 4-body converge monotonically to practically zero upon increasing the size of the basis set toward the complete basis set (CBS) limit. In that respect, the BSSE-corrected 5-body and above terms do not exhibit the oscillatory behavior on either side of zero with the basis set observed for the BSSE-uncorrected terms. In addition, the magnitudes of the 5-body and above terms are accurately reproduced even with the smaller basis set of the series (aug-cc-pVDZ) once the BSSE correction is taken into account. The same level of theory (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ, BSSE-corrected) also accurately reproduces the MP2/CBS values of the 3- and 4-body terms. The contribution of electron correlation to the 3- and 4-body terms is quite small so that neglecting the correlation contribution in all terms above the 3-body results in an error of the order of 0.1%. The BSSE correction to the largest 2-body term in the MBE was accurately estimated from the function a[1 + erf( - b·R)], which is proportional to the common (overlapping) area between two Gaussian distributions whose centers are separated by R with the constants a and b fitted to the calculated BSSE corrections for the individual 2-body terms of the clusters with each basis set and R is the distance between oxygen atoms. Our results demonstrate that the MBE for water-water interactions converges by the 4-body term since any finite terms above the 4-body are artifacts of the size of the basis set. The MBE can thus be safely truncated at the 4-body term when either a very large basis set is used or BSSE corrections are taken into account even with the smaller aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. We expect these findings to have important consequences in the pursuit of accurate ab initio based many-body molecular dynamics simulations for aqueous systems.
Associations of prenatal maternal stress with measures of cognition in 7.5‐month‐old infants

Studies have shown that prenatal stress can negatively impact neurodevelopment, but little is known about its effect on early cognitive development. We assessed the impact of prenatal stress on cognition in 152 7.5-month-old infants using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), maternal telomere length (MTL), and a Stressful Life Events (SLE) Scale. A visual recognition memory task consisting of nine blocks, each with one familiarization trial (two identical stimuli) followed by two test trials (one familiar stimulus, one novel), was administered. Outcomes assessed included: average time looking at stimuli (measure: processing speed), time to reach looking time criterion (measure: attention), and the proportion of time looking at the novel stimulus (measure: recognition memory). We examined the association of each stress measure with each outcome adjusted for infant age and sex, which of the two stimuli in each set was novel, household income, and maternal age, education, and IQ. Higher prenatal stress was associated with shorter looking durations [PSS (β = -1.6, 95% CI: -2.5, -0.58); SLE (β = 0.58, 95% CI: -0.08, 1.24); MTL (β = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.44)] and longer time to reach criterion [PSS (β = 9.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 16.6); SLE (β = 12.2, 95% CI: 1.9, 24.1); MTL (β = -23.1, 95% CI: -45.3, -0.9)], suggesting that higher prenatal stress is associated with decreased visual attention in infancy.
Defining Depression Cohorts Using the EHR: Multiple Phenotypes Based on ICD-9 Codes and Medication Orders

The importance of methodology when conducting high-quality health behavior research cannot be overstated. Electronic Health Records (EHR) allow researchers to conduct unprecedented large-scale studies. However, careful consideration must be given to how to define patient cohorts, specifically when utilizing EHR for examining patients with depression. Because depression has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in many disease groups and leads to higher health care utilization, better methods for identifying patients with depression must be developed in order to rigorously study the impact of depression on these outcomes. Identifying patients using only ICD9 codes for depression may result in inclusion of clinically depressed patients in comparison groups. Thus, more nuanced electronic phenotypes may better delineate patients that are receiving treatment for depression. We demonstrate the utility of a new method involving multiple depression phenotypes on a 10.75-year cohort from an integrated health system (n=287,281). Here we recommend a novel and easily adaptable method of categorizing patients. In this method, four groups are identified using ICD-9 codes and medication orders from an EHR which have varying levels of depression likelihood and severity: Dep ICD9, Rx no ICD9, Rx non-dep, and No Dep. We then measure a variety of EHR-based features including utilization patterns, medication orders, comorbidities, mortality data and symptom assessment scores to establish convergent validity of these groups. This superior and simple method allows for large scale studies of depressed patients, while accounting for the limitations associated with using specific electronic phenotypes for analysis of data from the EHR.
Accelerometer measured physical activity among youth with autism and age, sex, and body mass index matched peers: A preliminary study.

Abstract Background While research has examined physical activity differences between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical peers, they largely do not consider demographic or anthropomorphic variables when recruiting comparison group participants. Objective The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) between youth with ASD and age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched neurotypical peers from the same geographic region. Method A sample of 36 participants, including youth aged 13–17 with ASD and age, sex, and BMI-matched neurotypical youth recruited from the same geographic location. Demographic information was obtained via parent report, and physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer. Participants wore monitors for seven consecutive days during waking hours. Descriptive analyses were conducted for participant demographics, LPA, and MVPA, and paired-sample t-tests were employed to examine differences in LPA and MVPA between youth with ASD and age, sex, and BMI-matched neurotypical peers. Results Youth with ASD and their age, BMI, and sex matched neurotypical peers demonstrated no significant difference in average daily LPA (201.36 ± 63.50 v. 172.30 ± 54.98) or MVPA (33.54 ± 17.07 v. 37.63 ± 19.94). Conclusions Results indicate that youth with ASD did not engage in significantly less MVPA than age, sex, and BMI-matched peers from the same geographic location. Not finding clear distinctions between youth with ASD and neurotypical peers in this study suggest that variability in other social or environmental factors may play a larger role in influencing MVPA than ASD itself.
Enhanced biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by combined inoculation of cotton or soybean seeds with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and pectin-rich orange peel.

LC-MS analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus velezensis AP203 supernatants indicated the presence of nematode-inhibiting compounds that increased in abundance when B. velezensis AP203 was grown on orange peel. Meloidogyne incognita J2 were incubated with B. velezensis AP203 spores and orange peel, spores alone, orange peel alone, or with a non-inoculated control, and the combination of B. velezensis AP203 with orange peel resulted in 94% mortality of M. incognita juveniles (p ≤ 0.05). The J2 mortality rate for B. velezensis alone was 53%, compared to 59% mortality with orange peel, and the non-inoculated control exhibited 7% mortality. When tested on soybeans raised in a greenhouse, it was observed that when grown in the presence of orange peel, B. velezensis AP203 culture broth, cell suspension or supernatant reduced the numbers of M. incognita eggs per g of root at 45 days after planting (DAP) compared to inoculated controls in soybean and cotton (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, soybean root length and fresh root weight significantly increased after inoculation with B. velezensis AP203 amended with orange peel. In cotton, shoot and root length significantly increased after inoculation with cell pellets of B. velezensis AP203 amended with orange peel compared to the M. incognita inoculated control. These data indicate that B. velezensis AP203 responds to growth on pectin-rich orange peel by production of biologically active secondary metabolites that can promote plant growth and inhibit root-knot nematode viability.
Associations of Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Kidney Tubular Injury With Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Most circulating biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression focus on factors reflecting glomerular filtration. Few biomarkers capture non-glomerular pathways of kidney injury or damage, which may be particularly informative in populations at high risk for CKD progression such as individuals with diabetes. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 594 participants (mean age 70, 53% women) of the Reason for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study who had diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m2 at baseline. EXPOSURES Plasma biomarkers of inflammation/fibrosis (TNFR-1 and 2, suPAR, MCP-1, YKL-40) and tubular injury (KIM-1) measured at the baseline visit. OUTCOMES Incident kidney failure needing replacement therapy (KFRT). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Cox proportional hazards regression and Lasso regression adjusted for established risk factors for kidney function decline, baseline eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). RESULTS A total of 98 KFRT events were observed over a mean 6.2 (standard deviation 3.5) years of follow-up. Plasma biomarkers were modestly associated with baseline eGFR (correlation coefficients ranging from -0.08 to -0.65) and ACR (0.14 to 0.56). In individual biomarker models adjusted for eGFR, ACR, and established risk factors, hazard ratios for incident KFRT per two-fold higher biomarker concentrations were 1.52 (95%CI: 1.25,1.84) for plasma KIM-1; 1.54 (95%CI: 1.08,2.21) for TNFR-1; 1.91 (95%CI: 1.16,3.14) for TNFR-2; and 1.39 (95%CI: 1.05,1.84) for YKL-40. In Lasso regression models accounting for biomarkers in parallel, plasma KIM-1 and TNFR1 remained associated with incident KFRT. LIMITATIONS Single biomarker measurement, lack of follow-up eGFR measurements CONCLUSION: Individual plasma markers of inflammation/fibrosis (TNFR-1, TNFR-1, YKL-40) and tubular injury (KIM-1) were associated with risk of incident KFRT in adults with diabetes and an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 after adjustment for established risk factors.
Review of NASA Antiskid Braking Research

NASA antiskid braking system research programs are reviewed. These programs include experimental studies of four antiskid systems on the Langley Landing Loads Track, flights tests with a DC-9 airplane, and computer simulation studies. Results from these research efforts include identification of factors contributing to degraded antiskid performance under adverse weather conditions, tire tread temperature measurements during antiskid braking on dry runway surfaces, and an assessment of the accuracy of various brake pressure-torque computer models. This information should lead to the development of better antiskid systems in the future.
Zeami and the Transition of the Concept of Yūgen: A Note on Japanese Aesthetics

THE NO THEATER is one of the significant cultural achievements of Japan in the middle ages (1192-1868). Its founder, Kannami Kiyotsugu (1333-1384), by combining attractive and effective techniques of rival theatrical entertainments, gave strength and prominence to the art of sarugaku no no, the early form of the No theatre. His son, Zeami Motokiyo (1364-1444), contributed to the art by exploring its aesthetic depth, determining the basic way of training performers, and adding many outstanding plays to the repertory. In his effort to establish aesthetic principles for the art, Zeami adopted the concept of yugen, the beauty of gentle gracefulness. This concept is his central idea and his entire work revolves around and develops from it. The concept of yuigen that Zeami succeeded in elevating to its ultimate stage of transcendence was based on the achievements of his two predecessors. The first was Kannami's bold inclusion of the yugen quality in sarugaku no no, whose primary strength had been in monomane (literally, mime or imitation). The second was the enriched quality of yugen attained through the endeavor of Inuo (?-1413), whose ceaseless
Rendering of mycobacteria safe for molecular diagnostic studies and development of a lysis method for strand displacement amplification and PCR.

Two criteria must be met before mycobacterial specimens can be tested by DNA amplification methods: (i) the sample must be rendered noninfectious, and (ii) the organisms must be lysed to free the DNA. Previous publications reporting DNA amplification of mycobacteria have concentrated on lysis and amplification procedures and have not addressed the issue of sample safety. We have shown that heating of samples below 100 degrees C may not consistently kill mycobacteria; however, heating at 100 degrees C in a boiling-water bath or a forced-air oven for a minimum of 5 min kills mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. Furthermore, heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min consistently lyses mycobacteria to produce short fragments of DNA that are suitable for amplification by PCR and strand displacement amplification. This procedure works with clinical samples digested by the n-acetyl cysteine-NaOH method as well as with suspensions of organisms in phosphate buffer. This paper also demonstrates the feasibility of using strand displacement amplification with clinical specimens. Images
Logical Deficiencies in Spatial Models: A Constructive Critique

A fundamental property of any good theoryis logical consistency. However, two commonassumptions in the rational choice approach topolitical analysis (that induced preferences overpolicy are separable and that such preferences areindependent of changes in exogenous factors) are notconsistent with the archetypal assumptions ofindividual utility maximization. These particularpathologies of spatial models of politics have notbeen well recognized in the political scienceliterature.
Profile with Rain

Having polished my shoes, Having rolled my laces with a little spit, I put a matchbook in the bottom of my left shoe And looked at myself in the mirror: The mirror was right. My teeth were too big For my 14-year-old head. Still, I left the house and circled my loneliness With two other strays, their backs wet, Their fangs worn down to meager pebbles. I circled my hometown. A girl was somewhere, Perhaps behind that kitchen window: A bored girl writing her name in the crumbs Gathered at the warmth of a chrome toaster.
Dynamic Coordination of a Multiple Robotic System with Point Contact

This paper treats two fundamental problems of a multiple robotic system: grasp planning and the determination of coordinated control laws with point contact models. First, using the dual notions of grasp stability and manipulability and a procedure we have previously developed for task modeling we define the structure grasp quality measures These measures are then integrated to devise a grasp planing algorithm. Second, based on the assumption of point contact models, we develop a computed-torque-like control algorithm for the coordinated manipulation of a multifingered robot hand. This control algorithm, which takes into account both the dynamics of the object and the dynamics of the manipulators, is computationally effective and can be easily generalized to allow rolling motion of the object with respect to the fingertip.
Decomposing functional programs for parallel computation

An approach is presented for automatically decomposing functional programs for execution on a multiprocessor system. A program is translated into combinator code and it is compiled into fixed program code for evaluation by one or more stack machines. The decomposition of the resulting target code is handled dynamically at runtime. This capability is introduced through the use of a set of combinators whose defining properties play a direct role in the allocation, synchronization and deallocation of processors. The authors have developed a fixed program multiprocessor simulator and are conducting performance evaluation studies to determine the effectiveness of this approach to parallel computation. Results from these studies are given. >
Case 12: Not Correct Procedure

As a favor to a colleague from another department, you read through a draft chapter about nausea and vomiting. The colleague is the editor of a new textbook where this chapter is to be included. The chapter is written by a medical student and needs a lot of work before it is ready for submission. You spend an excessive amount of time rewriting the chapter and making major corrections/suggestions. Then you send it back to the medical student and to your colleague.
A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Conversion to Venezuelan Evangelicalism: How Networks Matter1

While the influence of networks in conversion is among the most established findings in the sociology of religion, relatively little is known about how and why they have their influence. In this study the author finds the social conformity theorization most often used in network analysis important but incomplete. Network ties are frequently influential despite little or no direct contact between ego and alter and little or no motivation to conform. Similarly, “structural availability” works not only by freeing an actor from conformity‐inducing constraints but also by indicating a relative absence of social and cultural support. This absence motivates individuals for religious innovation. Finally, while network location strongly determines who converts, the individual experience of life problems remains a causal factor, and, in a small but irreducible number of cases, actors clearly exercise agency over their network locations.
Tillage, Seeding, and Nitrogen Rate Effects on Rice Density, Yield, and Yield Components of Two Rice Cultivars

Research was conducted for 2 yr on a Crowley silt loam soil (fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Albaqualfs) near Crowley, LA to evaluate the main effects of tillage, seeding and N rate and potential interactions on rice (Oryza sativa L.) density, yield, and yield components. Two tillage systems (conventional and fall-stale seedbed), four seeding rates (162, 323, 484, and 646 seed m -2 ) and four N rates (101, 134, 168, and 202 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated. 'Jupiter' and 'Cheniere' a medium and long grain cultivar, respectively, were evaluated in separate experiments. Conventional tillage reduced rice plant density as compared with fall-stale seedbed tillage due to crusting following flush irrigation during seedling emergence. A tillage by N rate interaction was not observed, suggesting optimal N rates are similar for rice grown using a conventional or fall-stale seedbed. Rough rice grain yield was optimized at 202 and 168 kg N ha -1 for Jupiter and Cheniere, respectively. Grain yields were optimized for Jupiter at 323 seed m -2 , while Cheniere required a seeding rate of more than 323 seed m -2 . Panicle density was found to be the single most influential yield component on rice yield and was able to explain 49 and 51% of the variation in yield for Jupiter and Cheniere, respectively. Filled grain panicle -1 was inversely related to panicle density highlighting the ability of rice to tiller as a yield compensatory measure when less than optimum rice densities exist. However, total yield compensation may not be feasible at low seeding rates.
Prolonged infusion of rat luteinizing hormone alters its metabolic clearance pattern: indirect evidence for postsecretory mutation of luteinizing hormone.

Constant rate infusion/stop-entry experiments of varied duration were done with rat pituitary LH to test the possibility that the relatively slow disappearance of endogenous circulating LH after hypophysectomy/ stop-entry in orchidectomized rats might be due to redistributive distortion consequent to a prolonged “packing” of the extravascular LH spaces in these animals. The findings indicated that prolongation of LH infusion did result in progressive flattening of the decay curve after stop-entry. After 1 h of infusion, constant rate infusion/stop-entry decay of LH was nearly as rapid as decay after simple pulse injection of the same extract. After 24 h of infusion, it was nearly as slow as after hypophysectomy/stop-entry. However, this change could not be explained solely on the basis of redistribution, because a similar difference was seen when disappearances of “infused” and “injected” pituitary LH were examined by pulse injection of sera collected from rats which had been given this LH by injection or...