cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning geometric graph grammars

We introduce geometric graph grammars, demonstrate how they can generate geometric structures, and introduce an algorithm for their automatic learning (inverse procedural modeling). Our approach extends the concept of graph grammars to allow for coding not only topological data, but also geometry. Forward modeling generates geometric graphs and considers various strategies for node connectivity. Inverse procedural modeling performs learning of geometric graphs, by discovering repeated structures and their connectivity. These structures are encoded into geometric graph grammar rewriting rules. We demonstrate usability of our approach on an example using urban networks. Graph learning is reasonably fast; in our implementation, learning of a road network with 72k vertices and 100k edges is performed in less than one minute.
Prognostic Significance of PET Imaging in Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with Salvage Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract 3417 Poster Board III-305 Standard treatment for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) that has relapsed or is refractory (rel/ref) after front-line therapy consists of standard dose salvage chemotherapy followed by high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, the long-term disease free survival in rel/ref cHL patients utilizing this approach is heterogeneous. A number of prognostic factors have been identified retrospectively, with the goal of defining patients that achieve long term remission with ASCT and those with a high risk of relapse. We examined 106 rel/ref cHL patients that underwent ASCT at Washington University from January 2001 to December 2007 with comparable salvage and ASCT therapy. We focused on the 77 patients that had a PET or PET/CT scan pre-ASCT following 2-4 cycles of standard salvage therapy. PET imaging reports were reviewed and interpreted as negative (42%) or positive (58%), with a positive PET conservatively defined as any abnormal residual FDG uptake at a site of prior disease. Median age was 34 (18-70) years with 39% females, median follow-up from ASCT was 38 (range 0.5-85) months. Front-line therapy consisted of ABVD (82%), Stanford V (7%), MOPP/ABV (4%), RT only (3%), or other (4%). High dose conditioning consisted of BEAM (99%) or BEAC (1%). At the time of relapse, stage was I (7%), II (44%), III (24%), or IV (25%). Prognostic factors originally identified by Moskowitz et al. at the time of relapse were 1 st remission duration st remission duration ≤ 1 year, stage III/IV at relapse, anemia at relapse) were available in 75 patients, resulting in scores of 0 (16%), 1 (47%), 2 (28%), or 3 (9%). The modified 4 factor IPS score at relapse reported by Bierman et al. (albumin Disclosures DiPersio: Genzyme: Honoraria.
COMPARISON OF BIODEGRADABLE DRUG ELUTING POLYMER STENTS AND DURABLE POLYMER DRUG ELUTING STENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF CAD: A META-ANALYSIS OF RCT'S

Introduction: Durable polymer drug eluting stent (DEP) has endothelial anti-proliferative properties that can decrease stent restenosis rates. We sought to compare the safety and efficacy of BEP to DEP for treatment of ACS. Methods: Pub Med and Chochrane database were searched using all RCT's that
Seasonal Patterns of Stored-Product Insects at a Rice Mill.

The temporal and spatial patterns in flight activity outside of a rice mill were evaluated for the lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)], warehouse beetle [Trogoderma variabile Ballion], cigarette beetle [Lasioderma serricorne (F.)], and Indian meal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Huϋbner)] to determine critical times of year when the mill would be vulnerable to invasion. Insect activity was monitored using pheromone-baited glue traps (N = 99) from June 2008 to October 2010. Traps were placed along exterior walls of all major buildings and along the fence around the perimeter of the facility. Trogoderma variabile was the most abundant species, with flight activity between mid-March and November. No activity of T. variabile was observed during December through March. Rhyzopertha dominica was also abundant, with activity in mid-April through October. A few adult R. dominica were captured in traps during winter months in the first year of study. Trap captures for all four species increased with an increase in temperature and can be described by linear equations. Knowing seasonal patterns in insect activity allows rice facilities to better understand when facilities are most vulnerable to pest activity. However, this study demonstrates that more research is needed to address how insects are immigrating and emigrating within and around a rice mill.
Linkage map construction and QTL analysis for internal heat necrosis in autotetraploid potato

A tetraploid potato population was mapped for internal heat necrosis (IHN) using the Infinium ® 8303 potato SNP array, and QTL for IHN were identified on chromosomes 1, 5, 9 and 12 that explained 28.21% of the variation for incidence and 25.3% of the variation for severity. This research represents a significant step forward in our understanding of IHN, and sets the stage for future research focused on testing the utility of these markers in additional breeding populations. Internal heat necrosis (IHN) is a significant non-pathogenic disorder of potato tubers and previous studies have identified AFLP markers linked to IHN susceptibility in the tetraploid, B2721 potato mapping population. B2721 consists of an IHN susceptible×resistant cross: Atlantic×B1829-5. We developed a next-generation SNP-based linkage map of this cross using the Infinium® 8303 SNP array and conducted additional QTL analyses of IHN susceptibility in the B2721 population. Using SNP dosage sensitive markers, linkage maps for both parents were simultaneously analyzed. The linkage map contained 3427 SNPs and totaled 1397.68 cM. QTL were detected for IHN on chromosomes 1, 5, 9, and 12 using LOD permutation thresholds and colocation of high LOD scores across multiple years. Genetic effects were modeled for each putative QTL. Markers associated with a QTL were regressed in models of effects for IHN incidence and severity for all years. In the full model, the SNP markers were shown to have significant effects for IHN (p < 0.0001), and explained 28.21% of the variation for incidence and 25.3% of the variation for severity. We were able to utilize SNP dosage information to identify and model the effects of putative QTL, and identify SNP loci associated with IHN resistance that need to be confirmed. This research represents a significant step forward in our understanding of IHN, and sets the stage for future research focused on testing the utility of these markers in additional breeding populations.
Lipid Residue Analysis of Archaeological Pottery: An Introductory Laboratory Experiment in Archaeological Chemistry

In this research-based experiment, students are introduced to the interdisciplinary field of archaeological chemistry by extracting and analyzing lipid residues absorbed in pottery. Reproduction archaeological pottery sherds are prepared by soaking ceramic fragments in individual or combinations of vegetable oils. Students crush and extract the absorbed residues, transesterify the recovered lipids to fatty acid methyl esters, and analyze the product by GC or GC/MS. Recovered residues are characterized by analysis of the major fatty acid peaks, as identified using reference standards or mass spectral databases. An archaeological context that links the sherds to the Minoan civilization is provided to students and must be considered to correctly identify the absorbed residue(s). The laboratory has been used in a topical archaeological instrumentation course that has attracted second to fourth year students majoring in chemistry, biochemistry, and anthropology, and museum studies minors. Pedagogically, the la...
Persuasive impact of loss and gain frames on intentions to exercise: A test of six moderators

ABSTRACTThe current study situated loss/gain-framing research in the extended parallel process model and tested whether two message features (dose, efficacy appeals) and four individual difference variables (walking self-efficacy, grit, consideration of future consequences, health information overload (HIO)) moderated the impact of message framing on intentions to engage in physical activity. Adults (N = 341, Mage = 38.09, SD = 10.94) were randomly assigned to one of eight message conditions advocating exercise behavior. All four individual difference variables significantly moderated framing effects such that gain-framed messages were more effective for individuals with lower walking self-efficacy, grit, and consideration of future consequences and loss-framed messages were significantly more effective for individuals with higher walking self-efficacy, grit, consideration of future consequences, and for those with lower HIO.
Gauss Quadrature and Multi-dimensional Integrals

Gauss quadrature rules are designed so that an N -point quadrature rule will exactly integrate a polynomial of degree 2N−1 2 N − 1 or lower. This is done by picking the N weights and N evaluation points (i.e., abscissas) to integrate the 2 N terms in a degree 2N−1 2 N − 1 polynomial. In particular we cover Gauss–Legendre quadrature formulas finite domain. On smooth functions, Gauss quadrature can converge exponentially to the correct answer. On functions with singularities, the convergence is slower. Multidimensional integrals are computed by repeatedly applying 1-D quadrature rules. In the exercises Gauss–Hermite and Gauss–Lobatto quadrature rules are discussed.
Music Therapy When Death Is Imminent: A Phenomenological Inquiry

Music therapists have described powerful case examples and personal experiences of providing music therapy for clients who are actively dying that suggest a complex experience that merits further exploration. This phenomenological study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of music therapists working with clients who are actively dying. Four music therapists (2 female, 2 male), with an average of 10 years' hospice care experience, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach (Moustakas, 1994). Ten themes were distilled from the interviews and grouped into four categories: ongoing assessment, intuitive processes, countertransference, and the role of aesthetics and transformation. Participants described a flexible, dynamic clinical and personal process informed by ongoing assessment. These findings point to the importance of further discussion surrounding the clinical implications of the music therapist's internal experience and the role of assessment, intuition, and aesthetics in hospice music therapy.
Connectedness, Trees, and Hypergraphs

The first section, Sec. 3.1, is the more important one for this chapter. It defines the various ranks of connectedness for transfinite graphs, presents the critical Condition 3.1-2 that insures that connectedness is transitive, and shows how at each rank this partitions a transfinite graph into nonoverlapping subgraphs, called “sections.” Sec. 3.2 explains how a transfinite tree can be easily contracted to and expanded from a conventional tree. Sec. 3.3 relates the v-nodes and (y-1)-sections of a v-graph to a hypergraph and gives an example of how a result from hypergraph theory can be transferred to transfinite graph theory.
[Alpha]-Amylase action and 13C-nmr studies on amylose-V complexes and retrograded amylose

Human salivary, porcine pancreatic, and Baci1 lus subti1is a-amylases were used to study the structure of amylose-V complexes (amy1ose-n-butyl alcohol, -t-butyl alcohol, -tetrachloroethane, and -a-naphthol complexes) and retrograded amylose. a-Amylase hydrolyzes the amorphous folding areas on the surfaces of the lamella of packed helices with the formation of resistant amylodextrin fragments. Their degree of polymerization (d.p.) corresponds to the diameter of the helices and the folding length of the chain. The resistant fragments were fractionated on a column of Bio-Gel A-0.5m. Gel filtration of human salivary and porcine pancreatic a-amylase hydrolyzates gave resis­ tant fragments whose peak fractions, i.e.. the three pooled fractions from the gel filtration column with the highest amount of carbohydrate, had a d.p. of 75 ± 4 for the amy1ose-n-butyl alcohol complex, 90 ± 3 for the t-butyl alcohol and tetrachloroethane complexes, and 123 ± 2 for the a-naphthol complex. These d.p. values correspond to helices of six residues per turn with a folding length of 10 nm, seven residues per turn with a folding length of 10 nm, and eight residues per turn with a folding length of 12 nm (or nine residues per turn with a folding length of 10 nm), respectively. Acid hydrolysis of retrograded amylose gave a resistant fragment with an average d.p. of 32, human salivary and porcine pancreatic a-amylases gave a resistant fragment of d.p. 43, and Bac il lus subti1is a-amylase gave a resistant fragment of d.p. 50. A structure for retro­
“Frack Attack”: An Engaging Classroom Activity to Integrate Sustainability

“Frack Attack” is a transferable classroom activity that combines active learning and teamwork to critically evaluate sustainability topics in contemporary engineering contexts. The activity was recently explored in three chemical engineering courses at Montana State University: two elective courses on sustainable energy (one freshmen-level and one senior-level) and one core sophomore-level fluid mechanics course. In all courses, the activity aimed to show the broader impacts of engineering (e.g., fracking), while tying in basic engineering concepts and practices (e.g., pump sizing). This article describes the class activity, its implementation and assessments, as well as opportunities for improvement and adoptability into other engineering courses.
DCentroid: Location Privacy-Preserving Scheme in Spatial Crowdsourcing

Spatial Crowdsourcing (SC) nowadays has become a valuable paradigm, relies on crowd workers to perform a set of spatial-temporal tasks at specific locations. However, existing solutions require the crowd workers to disclose their precise locations to untrustworthy service providers, which leads to location privacy concerns. This paper, introduces (DCentroid), a novel framework that aims to preserve location privacy for the crowd workers in SC. The proposed framework adapts an anonymous communication technique using dummy based technique to generate dummy locations that send to the service providers. This paper theoretically analyzes DCentroid framework and guarantee the crowd workers privacy while preserving the functionality of SC such as task assignment rate, worker travel distance and system overhead.
Reconstituting Tunisia: Participation, Deliberation, and the Content of Constitution:

The Tunisian constitutional reform experience in the wake of the Arab Spring—through which citizens were able to meet with their representatives, participate in public deliberation over the constit...
mHealth and wearable technology should replace motor diaries to track motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease

Accurately monitoring motor and non-motor symptoms as well as complications in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major challenge, both during clinical management and when conducting clinical trials investigating new treatments. A variety of strategies have been relied upon including questionnaires, motor diaries, and the serial administration of structured clinical exams like part III of the MDS-UPDRS. To evaluate the potential use of mobile and wearable technologies in clinical trials of new pharmacotherapies targeting PD symptoms, we carried out a project (project BlueSky) encompassing four clinical studies, in which 60 healthy volunteers (aged 23–69; 33 females) and 95 people with PD (aged 42–80; 37 females; years since diagnosis 1–24 years; Hoehn and Yahr 1–3) participated and were monitored in either a laboratory environment, a simulated apartment, or at home and in the community. In this paper, we investigated (i) the utility and reliability of self-reports for describing motor fluctuations; (ii) the agreement between participants and clinical raters on the presence of motor complications; (iii) the ability of video raters to accurately assess motor symptoms, and (iv) the dynamics of tremor, dyskinesia, and bradykinesia as they evolve over the medication cycle. Future papers will explore methods for estimating symptom severity based on sensor data. We found that 38% of participants who were asked to complete an electronic motor diary at home missed ~25% of total possible entries and otherwise made entries with an average delay of >4 h. During clinical evaluations by PD specialists, self-reports of dyskinesia were marked by ~35% false negatives and 15% false positives. Compared with live evaluation, the video evaluation of part III of the MDS-UPDRS significantly underestimated the subtle features of tremor and extremity bradykinesia, suggesting that these aspects of the disease may be underappreciated during remote assessments. On the other hand, live and video raters agreed on aspects of postural instability and gait. Our results highlight the significant opportunity for objective, high-resolution, continuous monitoring afforded by wearable technology to improve upon the monitoring of PD symptoms.
Cinco: A Compact High-Current Driver for High-Energy-Density Physics

Many current high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and material science experiments require a large investment of time and research funds, and often come with a low duty factor. We have developed the Cinco HEDP driver, which is a compact pulsed power generator that can be fired more than four times a day (load limited) and has a footprint of only 2 m2. Cinco will be capable of providing pressures up to 1 Mbar on a 128 mm2 strip-line load, with current-pulse tailoring. Given the device's spatial profile, it can be easily installed at facilities capable of x-ray diffraction to study the in-situ properties of materials under extreme pressures.
Divalent Cations as Modulators of NMDA-Receptor Channels on Mouse Central Neurons

The term neuromodulation usually implies some combination of peptide or catecholamine neurotransmitters and a second messenger such as cAMP which together produce a response with a rather slow time course (Kaczmarek and Levitan, 1986). In contrast, the presumptive transmitter for many central excitatory synapses, L-glutamate, has been considered to function primarily as a fast-acting relay between neurons, analogous to the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. However recent studies of conductance mechanisms activated by L-glutamate on mammalian neurons indicate that their behavior may be substantially more complex. Three receptor subtypes for excitatory amino acids can be distinguished pharmacologically based on selective activation by N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA), kainic (KA) and quisqualic (QA) acids (Watkins & Evans, 1981). An important corollary of this classification has been the recognition that L-glutamate acts at more than one receptor type, but with a particularly high affinity for the NMDA receptor (Olverman et al., 1984). NMDA receptors are associated with a voltage-dependent conductance whereas kainate/quis-qualate receptors are primarily linked to a voltage-insensitive cation conductance (for review see Mayer and Westbrook, 1987a); however whether these functionally distinct conductance mechanisms represent separate molecular entities is controversial (Cull-Candy and Usowicz, 1987; Jahr and Stevens, 1987).
Characterizing and predicting sublethal shifts in mobility by multiple stored product insects over time to an old and novel contact insecticide in three key stored commodities.

Background There has been a push to diversify integrated pest management (IPM) programs away from exclusive fumigant use in food facilities. Residual insecticides increasingly have been included among plans. In stored products, sublethal toxicity has been neglected in favor of evaluating direct mortality. Here, we evaluated the movement of Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais in response to aged residues of an existing (Diacon IGR+® with 11.4% methoprene + 4.75% deltamethrin) and novel (Gravista® with 2.85% methoprene + 1.2% deltamethrin + 33.3% piperonyl butoxide synergist) residual insecticide. Results Using the maximum labeled rate and two exposure times for each species, we assessed distance moved and velocity on wheat, rice and corn. Assessments were made from commodity residues aged between 0 and 12 months (at 3-month intervals). We found that after exposure, movement was reduced by 50-88% and equally by adults exposed to each insecticide formulation compared to untreated controls. After initial application, predicted distance moved increased from 4 to 14 m then 28 m in a 24 h period at 3 and 12 months post-application, respectively. Effectiveness of each insecticide at suppressing movement generally declined by 9-12 month post-application. Conclusions Given the quick and dramatic increases in sublethal movement after initial application, our results suggest that sanitation programs in post-harvest environments are extremely important and it may be beneficial to pair chemical control with monitoring to prevent dispersal of affected insects to new areas of a facility. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Transforming Consultants' Recommendations into Business Improvement: A Model and Action Agenda

As the company grows, successful small business owners often find their management lacks sufficient sophistication. They are good at what they do, but a small staff cannot be knowledgeable in all areas of business. Seeking solutions to major growing pains, many owners engage consultants. The aim is improving the dynamics of running the company. The use of consultants is a way for small businesses to gain quick, access to management expertise. Unfortunately, too often, both the owner and the consultant feel frustration at the conclusion of the consulting engagement. The owner feels the consultant recommendations are too general. The consultant is disappointed with the owner follow-up on key recommendations. No one is willing to take responsibility for implementation.This article explores how to deal with the follow-up challenge. It covers four main topics: why business owners do not follow-up; why consultants do not follow-up; an eight-part model for organized improvement; and an action agenda for improved follow-up. Both owners and consultants can use the action agenda to help turn consultant recommendations into business improvement. An appendix offers advice to Small Business Institute directors and advisors guiding student consultants.
Genome-wide pleiotropy analysis of coronary artery disease and pneumonia identifies shared immune pathways

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death despite scientific advances. Elucidating shared CAD/pneumonia pathways may reveal novel insights regarding CAD pathways. We performed genome-wide pleiotropy analyses of CAD and pneumonia, examined the causal effects of the expression of genes near independently replicated SNPs and interacting genes with CAD and pneumonia, and tested interactions between disruptive coding mutations of each pleiotropic gene and smoking status on CAD and pneumonia risks. Identified pleiotropic SNPs were annotated to ADAMTS7 and IL6R. Increased ADAMTS7 expression across tissues consistently showed decreased risk for CAD and increased risk for pneumonia; increased IL6R expression showed increased risk for CAD and decreased risk for pneumonia. We similarly observed opposing CAD/pneumonia effects for NLRP3. Reduced ADAMTS7 expression conferred a reduced CAD risk without increased pneumonia risk only among never-smokers. Genetic immune-inflammatory axes of CAD linked to respiratory infections implicate ADAMTS7 and IL6R, and related genes.
Structural and kinetic analyses of holothurian sulfated glycans suggest potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Certain sulfated glycans, including those from marine sources, can show potential effects against SARS-CoV-2. Here, a new fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) (MW ∼10–60 kDa) was isolated and structurally characterized by NMR. PpFucCS is composed of {→3)-β-GalNAcX-(1→4)-β-GlcA-[(3→1)Y]-(1→}, where X = 4S (80%), 6S (10%) or nonsulfated (10%), Y = α-Fuc2,4S (40%), α-Fuc2,4S-(1→4)-α-Fuc (30%), or α-Fuc4S (30%), and S = SO3−. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of PpFucCS and those of the FucCS and sulfated fucan isolated from Isostichopus badionotus (IbFucCS and IbSF) were compared with that of heparin. IC50 values demonstrated the activity of the three holothurian sulfated glycans to be ∼12 times more efficient than heparin, with no cytotoxic effects. The dissociation constant (KD) values obtained by surface plasmon resonance of the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N501Y mutant RBD in interactions with the heparin-immobilized sensor chip were 94 and 1.8 × 103 nM, respectively. Competitive surface plasmon resonance inhibition analysis of PpFucCS, IbFucCS, and IbSF against heparin binding to wildtype S-protein showed IC50 values (in the nanomolar range) 6, 25, and 6 times more efficient than heparin, respectively. Data from computational simulations suggest an influence of the sulfation patterns of the Fuc units on hydrogen bonding with GlcA and that conformational change of some of the oligosaccharide structures occurs upon S-protein RBD binding. Compared with heparin, negligible anticoagulant action was observed for IbSF. Our results suggest that IbSF may represent a promising molecule for future investigations against SARS-CoV-2.
Weight Loss Outcomes Among Early High Responders to Exenatide Treatment: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Women

Objective: As there is significant heterogeneity in the weight loss response to pharmacotherapy, one of the most important clinical questions in obesity medicine is how to predict an individual’s response to pharmacotherapy. The present study examines patterns of weight loss among overweight and obese women who demonstrated early robust response to twice daily exenatide treatment compared to those treated with a hypocaloric diet and matched placebo. Methods: We randomized 182 women (BMI 25-48 kg/m2) to treatment with exenatide or hypocaloric diet with matched placebo injections. Our primary outcome was change in body weight. Women who demonstrated ≥ 5% weight loss at 12 weeks were characterized as high responders and those who lost > 10% of body weight were classified as super responders. An exploratory metabolomic analysis was also performed. Results: We observed individual variability in weight loss with both exenatide and hypocaloric diet plus placebo injections. There was no significant difference in the percentage of subjects who achieved > 5% weight loss (56% of those treated with exenatide, 76% of those treated with diet) or > 10% weight loss (43% exenatide, 55% diet). Both treatment groups also demonstrated similar peak weight loss during the study period. We observed lower cysteine concentrations in the exenatide responder group and a trend toward higher levels of serotonin, aminoisobutyric acid, anandamide, and sarcosine in the exenatide super responder group. Conclusion: In a population of early high responders, longer term weight loss with exenatide treatment is similar to that achieved with a hypocaloric diet.
Specific Heat of Electrically-Conducting Substances at High Temperatures Measured by a Pulse Heating Technique

A subsecond-duration pulse heating technique developed at NBS for the accurate measurement of specific heat of electrically-conducting substances at high temperatures (1500 K to near the melting point of the specimen) is described. The operational characteristics of the system and the sources and the magnitudes of the measurement errors are discussed. The results of the measurements performed on a number of refractory metals, refractory alloys, and graphite are presented and are compared with those reported in the literature. Unlike some of the earlier results, the present work results indicate a sharp increase in specific heat of metals and alloys near their melting points. The role of accurate specific heat data in relating thermal diffusivity to thermal conductivity is discussed.
Academic attitudes and their antecedents

In today's competitive workplace, individuals who are best prepared will have the greatest chance of obtaining and retaining jobs. Students can better prepare by developing the maximum possible knowledge and skills during their college educations. Research has shown that attitudes and perceptual variables have significant effects on development activity in organizations. We extend that research by using structural equations modeling to examine influences on attitudes toward one's college education. We posited that Big Five personality factors influence personal growth, readiness to change, and the perceived instrumentality of a university education and that these factors influence attitudes toward education. Results supported the posited model. A better understanding of antecedents of attitudes can enhance educational intervention effectiveness.
Automatic Generation of Trivia Questions

We present a (nearly) domain-independent approach to mining trivia questions from a database. Generated questions are ranked and are more "interesting" if they have a modest number of solutions and may reasonably be solved (but are not too easy). Our functional model and genetic approach have several advantages: they are tractable and scalable, the hypothesis space size is limited, and the user may tune question difficulty. This makes our approach suitable for application to other data mining problems. We include a discussion of implementation on disparate data sets.
Iron/copper promoted fragmentation reactions of α-alkoxy hydroperoxides: Regio- and stereocontrolled formation of olefin-containing macrolides

Abstract Several new examples of iron/copper mediated fragmentation reactions of hydroperoxides are reported. The regio- and stereochemistry of olefin formation is in accord with a model that takes into account the preferred conformations of the radical intermediate and potential olefin products. In combination with group selective peroxyketalization reactions, several stereocontrolled syntheses of olefin containing macrolides have been achieved.
Evolutionary Models of Rotating Stars

In this paper we review the principal elements of the Yale code for evolving rotating stars (YREC). The various mechanisms to distribute angular momentum in the solar interior used in the code are discussed, both in regard to their properties and their consequences in the stellar models. In particular, two general types of mechanisms exist, one which depends on the velocity of rotation, and the other which depends on the radial gradient of this quantity. The regions where these mechanisms operate effectively, and the times when this occurs, and possibly the efficiency of these transfer mechanisms to cause material mixing, depend on which of the two types they belong.
Doing Organizational Complexity: A Review of Jeffrey Goldstein, James Hazy, and Benyamin Lichtenstein, Complexity and the Nexus of Leadership: Leveraging Nonlinear Science to Create Ecologies of Innovation.

This is a book review, so I assume no abstract is needed. If I'm incorrect in this assumption, just let me know.
Radiation effects on materials in high-radiation environments: A workshop summary

Abstract A workshop on Radiation Effects on Materials in High-Radiation Environments was held in Salt Lake City, Utah (USA) from August 13 to 15, 1990 under the auspices of the Division of Materials Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The workshop focused on ceramics, alloys, and intermetallics and covered research needs and capabilities, recent experimental data, theory, and computer simulations. It was concluded that there is clearly a continuing scientific and technological need for fundamental knowledge on the underlying causes of radiation-induced property changes in materials. Furthermore, the success of many current and emerging nuclear-related technologies critically depend on renewed support for basic radiation-effects research, irradiation facilities, and training of scientists. The highlights of the workshop are reviewed and specific recommendations are made regarding research needs.
Solving cluster ensemble problems by bipartite graph partitioning

A critical problem in cluster ensemble research is how to combine multiple clusterings to yield a final superior clustering result. Leveraging advanced graph partitioning techniques, we solve this problem by reducing it to a graph partitioning problem. We introduce a new reduction method that constructs a bipartite graph from a given cluster ensemble. The resulting graph models both instances and clusters of the ensemble simultaneously as vertices in the graph. Our approach retains all of the information provided by a given ensemble, allowing the similarity among instances and the similarity among clusters to be considered collectively in forming the final clustering. Further, the resulting graph partitioning problem can be solved efficiently. We empirically evaluate the proposed approach against two commonly used graph formulations and show that it is more robust and achieves comparable or better performance in comparison to its competitors.
Microstructure and creep of eutectic indium/tin on copper and nickel substrates

The behavior during creep in shear of eutectic indium-tin joints on copper and nickel substrates was examined in order to determine the effect of creep deformation on the microstructure of the alloy. Primary creep was absent in all the samples tested. The stress exponent at 20° C was much higher for samples on nickel than for those on copper, indicating a different creep deformation mechanism. Also, the microstructure within the indium-tin joints differed significantly with a change of substrate. Samples with a nickel substrate showed a colony microstructure that was not observed in those with a copper substrate. Thus, eutectic morphology is important in determining deformation mechanism during creep. The microstructure within the joints in tested and untested regions of the samples was effectively the same. This is quite distinct from the behavior of eutectic lead-tin observed in previous work. Lead-tin formed a recrystallized band of material along a region of concentrated shear deformation. While the deformation pattern in the indium-tin samples appeared to be the same as for lead-tin, the microstructural changes did not occur. This implies that the behavior observed in lead-tin is not universal to eutectic alloys.
Relative utility for hemispheric lateralization of different clinical fMRI activation tasks within a comprehensive language paradigm battery in brain tumor patients as assessed by both threshold-dependent and threshold-independent analysis methods.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of 6 different commonly used language fMRI activation paradigms, including receptive and expressive, as well as semantic and phonological tasks, for hemispheric lateralization in brain tumor patients utilizing both threshold-dependent and threshold-independent approaches. We studied 46 right-handed patients with primary intra-axial brain tumors with BOLD fMRI on a 3-T MRI system. A linear fit of the laterality indices (LIs) as a function of the t-value (which varied from 2.0 to 6.5) was calculated and the slope (M) taken as measure of LI variability in the threshold-dependent LI approach; for the threshold-independent approach, the LIs were determined by comparing the integrated T-score weighted distributions of all positively task-correlated voxels of the left and the right hemispheric regions of interest. We demonstrated that silent word generation (SWG) and rhyming (R) were the two expressive tasks that provided the best hemispheric language lateralization in this group, based on concordant threshold-dependent and threshold-independent analyses. Furthermore, R (mean LI value = 61.91, M = 7.9 ± 1.5) had a higher mean LI value and was less threshold-dependent than SWG (mean LI = 52.97, M = 11.40 ± 0.64) for LI determination. SWG and R were able to provide effective language lateralization even in the subgroup of patients with lesions located in the left hemisphere and in the frontal or parietal lobes. The receptive language paradigms examined in this study (passive listening [PL], listening comprehension [LC], and reading comprehension [RC]) were less effective than SWG and R for language lateralization.
Optimum Reduction of Programmable Logic Array

We consider the optimum PLA column folding problem where vertices in the column intersection graph are first partitioned into two parts. Both upper and lower bounds on the size of the folding are given in terms of the number of edges and vertices in the bipartite graph G. Efficient polynomial optimum algorithms are given for the case that G is a tree and other cases. A heuristic algorithm with error bound is given for a general bipartite graph. A new graph model is introduced. We also study one-cut bipartite folding, AND-OR-AND row folding, and the general partitioning problem.
Morphology of the abdominal wall in the bat, Pteronotus parnellii (Microchiroptera: Mormoopidae): implications for biosonar vocalization.

We investigated the structure of the abdominal wall of Pteronotus parnellii and made comparisons with eight other species of Microchiroptera and one megachiropteran. Similar to other mammals, the abdominal wall of bats consists of the three flank muscles laterally and the m. rectus abdominis ventrally. In Microchiroptera, flank muscles are mostly confined to dorsal portions of the wall. The mm. transversus abdominis and obdominis and obliquus internus abdominis form the bulk of the wall; the m. obliquus externus is poorly developed. Ventrolaterally, a large portion of the wall is a dense, bilaminar aponeurosis, composed of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts. The thicker, superficial lamina derives from the mm. obliquus internus and transversus abdominis. The deep lamina is a continuation of the transversalis fascia. Collagen fibers of the two fused laminae are oriented orthogonally, resulting in a resilient, composite fabric. Fascicles of the flank muscles are oriented along the margins of the aponeurosis so that their forces appear to be concentrated onto the aponeurosis. We suggest that this system is adapted for the regulation and generation of intra-abdominal pressure. The abdominal wall of Pteropus, the one megachiropteran examined, lacks the derived aponeurosis and is similar to other mammals. We consider the abdominal wall of Microchiroptera to be analogous to the diaphragma, in that it functions in the regulation of pressure within body cavities and facilitates biosonar vocalization. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Importance of Code Status Discussions in the Psychiatric Hospital: Results of a Single Site Survey of Psychiatrists

Objectives Documentation of code status is a requirement with hospital admission, yet this discussion may present unique challenges with psychiatric inpatients. Currently, no standards exist on conducting these discussions with psychiatric inpatients. The authors surveyed psychiatry trainees and faculty regarding their perceptions and practice to gain further insight into the types of approaches used.
Toward a theory of binary bound states in the quark-gluon plasma

Although at asymptotically high temperatures the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a gas of weakly interacting quasiparticles (modulo long-range magnetism), and it has quite different properties at temperatures of the order of a few times the critical temperature $T=(1--3){T}_{c}$. As experiments and lattice simulations are now showing, in this region the QGP displays strong interactions between the constituents. In this paper we try to develop a theory of one of its consequences, namely, the properties of a large number of binary bound states, both hadronlike (colorless) and exotic (colored) bound pairs $gq$, $qq$, and $gg$. We evaluate their binding energies and zero-binding lines on the phase diagram and estimate their contribution to bulk thermodynamics (pressure). Their role in the transport properties (viscosity), emphasized in our previous paper, will be addressed elsewhere.
The effect of Parkinson’s disease subgroups on verbal and nonverbal fluency

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) leads to deficits in executive function, including verbal and nonverbal fluency, as a result of compromised frontostriatal circuits. It is unknown whether deficits in verbal and nonverbal fluency in PD are driven by certain subgroups of patients, or how strategy use may facilitate performance. Participants. Sixty-five nondemented individuals with PD, including 36 with right-body onset (RPD; 20 with tremor as their initial symptom, 16 nontremor) and 29 with left-body onset (LPD; 14 with tremor as their initial symptom, 15 nontremor), and 52 normal control participants (NC) took part in the study. Measurements. Verbal fluency was assessed using the FAS and Animals tests. Nonverbal fluency was assessed using the Ruff Figural Fluency Test. Results. Both RPD and LPD were impaired in generating words and in using clustering and switching strategies on phonemic verbal fluency, whereas different patterns of impairment were found on nonverbal fluency depending on the interactio...
Network centric fuzzy resource manager and hardware simulation experiments

A fuzzy logic based expert system for resource management has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar autonomous naval platforms defending their group against attackers. This paper provides an overview of the resource manager (RM) including the current form of the fuzzy decision trees that make up the RM. It also provides a detailed discussion of the design and results of hardware simulation experiments that test the RM and the network centric concept. The experiments employ multiple computers each running its own copy of the RM and TCP/IP connections for communication. A detailed discussion of the hardware simulator SRES is provided including the various radar receivers that can be used with it and its ability for generating simulated radio frequency targets. The ability of the RMs residing on each platform of an allied group to allocate different EA techniques distributed across multiple platforms is considered. The war game that is used to set up the experiments is the same one employed for the digital simulation experiments with the exception simulated sensors are replaced with real hardware and each platform runs on a different computer.
Veterans affairs primary care clinicians' attitudes toward chronic pain and correlates of opioid prescribing rates.

Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to identify veterans affairs (VA) primary care clinicians' attitudes regarding chronic pain treatment. A secondary objective was to explore relationships between clinician and practice characteristics and an objective measure of opioid prescribing rates. Design. Cross-sectional study of clinician survey and pharmacy data. Participants. Forty-five VA clinicians from five primary care clinics of one VA medical center. Measures. Survey of pain-related attitudes and behaviors, satisfaction with treatment resources, and job satisfaction; percentage of patients in clinicians' panels prescribed opioids (PCPO). Results. Seventy-one percent of clinicians felt moderately or strongly confident in their ability to treat chronic pain, and 77% moderately or strongly agreed that skilled pain management is a high priority. However, 73% moderately or strongly agreed that patients with chronic pain are a major source of frustration and 38% reported moderate or greater dissatisfaction with their ability to provide optimal pain treatment. Fifty-two percent moderately or strongly agreed that their management is influenced by previous experiences with patients addicted to drugs. The mean PCPO was 16.5% (SD = 6.7). In bivariate comparisons, clinician panel size, job and resource satisfaction, and professional training were associated with opioid prescribing rates. Conclusion. High clinician confidence and interest in treating chronic pain concurrent with low satisfaction with ability to provide optimal treatment suggests a need for more system support. VA primary care clinicians are frequently influenced by fears of contributing to dependence or addiction. The relationships among panel size, job satisfaction, and opioid prescribing rates merit additional investigation.
Mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii persistence and latency

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes opportunistic disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Central to its transmission and pathogenesis is the ability of the proliferative stage (tachyzoite) to convert into latent tissue cysts (bradyzoites). Encystment allows Toxoplasma to persist in the host and affords the parasite a unique opportunity to spread to new hosts without proceeding through its sexual stage, which is restricted to felids. Bradyzoite tissue cysts can cause reactivated toxoplasmosis if host immunity becomes impaired. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating bradyzoite development is needed to better manage the disease. Here, we will review key studies that have contributed to our knowledge about this persistent form of the parasite and how to study it, with a focus on how cellular stress can signal for the reprogramming of gene expression needed during bradyzoite development.
Electrophysiologic manifestations of the excitable gap of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia demonstrated by single extrastimulation

To assess the electrophysiologic characteristics of the excitable gap, 12 patients with orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia were studied. During tachycardia, 8 patients used a left-sided and 4 patients a right-sided anomalous bypass tract for retrograde conduction. QRS complex-synchronized single extrastimuli were delivered from high right atrium, right ventricular apex and coronary sinus, respectively, scanning the whole cycle length of tachycardia. An excitable gap was determined to be present if tachycardia resetting or tachycardia termination occurred. The duration of the excitable gap varied among different pacing sites and occupied 0 to 48% (mean 17 +/- 16) of basic tachycardia cycle length (240 to 480 ms, mean 327 +/- 70). Three patterns of tachycardia resetting were observed: the sum of coupling interval and return cycle being (1) less than a fully compensatory pause in 12 of 12 patients, (2) more than a fully compensatory pause in 5 of 12 patients and (3) equal to a fully compensatory pause in 2 of 12 patients, depending on extent of AV nodal conduction delay exhibited in return cycle. Tachycardia termination was possible when extrastimuli were delivered from right ventricular apex and coronary sinus but not from high right atrium, and only when basic tachycardia cycle length was greater than or equal to 290 ms in 7 of 12 patients. Tachycardia termination was accounted for by development of orthodromic conduction block in AV node in 7 of 7 patients and in bypass tract in 2 of 7 patients. Therefore, site of extra-stimulation and basic tachycardia cycle length affect electrophysiologic manifestations of excitable gap. Further, functional properties of the AV node influence patterns of tachycardia resetting and are primarily responsible for tachycardia termination during programmed single extrastimulation.
The University of North Texas Libraries' Portal to Texas History: archival challenges and solutions

The UNT Texas History Portal Project strives to balance the goals of accessibility of information and long--term preservation of digital objects. This poster details the system that automates the collection of metadata records to coordinate access to web--viewable files and preservation of archived master files.