cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The political ecology of climate adaptation assistance: Alaska Natives, displacement, and relocation

Although much research on climate change has focused on its disproportionate effects on the Global South, communities—particularly indigenous populations—within "developed" nations in the Global North can also face significant effects and inadequate assistance. One example is the native village and city of Kivalina in northwest Alaska. Through a case study of Kivalina, this article explores the gaps in U.S. policy for relocating Alaska Natives due to the effects of climate change. There is currently no policy in place—within the United States or internationally—for the resettlement of communities displaced by climate change. And in the United States there is no lead agency in charge of relocating displaced communities, despite several U.S. government reports stating that at least four Alaska Native villages, including Kivalina, must be resettled due to warming Arctic temperatures and erosion. This leaves government agencies in charge of assisting villages like Kivalina, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers, who are responsible for helping ensure Kivalina's safety but are not empowered to innovate new procedures and holistically address what is an unprecedented problem: climate change. This has left Kivalina in what is termed here an administrative orbit, with residents made to work their way through a patchwork of various government programs and procedures that are time-consuming and often insufficient. In exploring these intra-national inequities, this article examines how a protocol specifically designed for those displaced by climate change, such as "climigration," could be merged with existing government efforts around emergency management to help prevent disasters before they occur, and to protect at-risk communities like Kivalina. Keywords: Disaster management; Alaska: environmentally induced migration; indigenous studies; resilience; displacement; relocation.
Clinical Interpretations of Patient Experience in a Trial of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

After a hiatus of some 40 years, clinical research has resumed on the use of classic hallucinogens to treat addiction. Following completion of a small open-label feasibility study, we are currently conducting a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of psilocybin-assisted treatment of alcohol use disorder. Although treatment effects cannot be analyzed until the study is complete, descriptive case studies provide a useful window into the therapeutic process of psychedelic-assisted treatment of addiction. Here we describe treatment trajectories of three participants in the ongoing trial to illustrate the range of experiences and persisting effects of psilocybin treatment. Although it is difficult to generalize from a few cases, several qualitative conclusions can be drawn from the data presented here. Although participants often find it difficult to describe much of their psilocybin experience, pivotal moments tend to be individualized, extremely vivid, and memorable. Often, the qualitative content extends beyond the clinical problem that is being addressed. The participants discussed in this paper experienced acute and lasting alterations in their perceptions of self, in the quality of their baseline consciousness, and in their relationship with alcohol and drinking. In these cases, experiences of catharsis, forgiveness, self-compassion, and love were at least as salient as classic mystical content. Finally, feelings of increased "spaciousness" or mindfulness, and increased control over choices and behavior were reported following the drug administration sessions. Ultimately, psilocybin-assisted treatment appears to elicit experiences that are extremely variable, yet seem to meet the particular needs of the individual.
A model of terrorism and counterterrorism with location choices

We study a model of terrorism and counterterrorism with three geographic target locations, in which the last location is chosen by the terrorists and is unknown to the defender. We find the choice of location and defender’s allocation of defensive resources to depend on whether the first two locations are attacked simultaneously or sequentially. In the sequential-move game, the final attack is closer to the low-valued target than it is in the simultaneous-move game. In addition, the defender chooses to defend only the location that is attacked first in the sequential game. Results from the model also can shed light on less provocative criminal events such as bank robberies and drug dealings.
SHELLSIDE BOILING AND TWO-PHASE FLOW*

The current state of knowledge on the prediction of two-phase flow patterns, pressure drop, heat transfer coefficients, and the critical heat flux condition in crossflow boiling on the shellside of multi-tube bundles is described in this chapter. The mechanisms governing the processes are discussed. When available, correlations for the various phenomena are presented. Enhanced tube bundles and the modeling of the two-phase flow and heat transfer in large tube bundles are also discussed.
Advances in cellular and integrative control of oxygen homeostasis within the central nervous system

Mammals must continuously regulate the levels of O2 and CO2, which is particularly important for the brain. Failure to maintain adequate O2/CO2 homeostasis has been associated with numerous disorders including sleep apnoea, Rett syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome. But, O2/CO2 homeostasis poses major regulatory challenges, even in the healthy brain. Neuronal activities change in a differentiated, spatially and temporally complex manner, which is reflected in equally complex changes in O2 demand. This raises important questions: is oxygen sensing an emergent property, locally generated within all active neuronal networks, and/or the property of specialized O2‐sensitive CNS regions? Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of the brain's redox state involves properties that are intrinsic to many networks, but that specialized regions in the brainstem orchestrate the integrated control of respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Although the levels of O2 in arterial blood and the CNS are very different, neuro‐glial interactions and purinergic signalling are critical for both peripheral and CNS chemosensation. Indeed, the specificity of neuroglial interactions seems to determine the differential responses to O2, CO2 and the changes in pH. Open in a separate window
Exile and Refuge, and the new american

As an immigrant woman, an academic of diaspora studies, a white "other" in a sea of American whiteness, I navigate the layers of difference that are always contextual, never fixed, at times a deficit, at times an abundance, a surplus. I believe in the practice of "counterpoint": When divergent, competing cultural elements come into contact with one another, the continuing processes of adaptation and creation shift existing power dynamics. People and cultures always mutually influence and transform each other through the encounters - and often “crashes” - of languages, customs and worldviews. Naturally, cultural productions come to reflect these processes. My life is a constant, shifting, exhausting and yet rewarding process of "counterpoint", an alchemy, a translation. These poems manifest this quality of translation, which is both my curse and my lens through which I observe and make sense of the world.
An Octet-Truss Engineered Concrete (OTEC) for lightweight structures

Author(s): Aghdasi, Parham; Williams, Ian D; Salazar, Brian; Panditi, Nicole; Taylor, Hayden K; Ostertag, Claudia P | Abstract: Recent advances in the development of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) with very high compressive strength has inspired the development of a lightweight structure by engineering the void spaces in the material, thus taking advantage of porous concrete’s thermal insulating properties while maintaining strength and stiffness. This paper refers to this engineered material as Octet-Truss Engineered Concrete (OTEC). To make OTEC structures, UHP-FRC and “green” UHP-FRC (G-UHP-FRC) mixtures were developed. 50.8-mm side-length OTEC unit cell specimens with various element diameters as well as 5×1×1-cell OTEC flexural specimens with 8 mm-diameter elements were cast and tested under uniaxial compression and four-point bending, respectively. The compressive strength of the OTEC unit cell specimens with various element diameters is mainly stretching-dominated, and hence considerably surpasses that of the control foam Green Ultra-High Performance Concrete specimens with random pore orientations. These results indicate a promising application of UHP-FRC and G-UHP-FRC OTECs for lightweight structures.
Identifying E and F Region Irregularities with a Scintillation Auroral GPS Array

While Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers have been used in arrays spanning the auroral zone for more than a decade, more recently kilometer and sub-kilometer spaced arrays have been used at high latitudes. GNSS scintillation arrays have been shown by a number of methods to be usable as a means of estimating the drift velocity of the irregularities in the scattering layer [1], [2]. Other relevant parameters of ionospheric irregularity models, including anisotropy, height, and thickness of the scattering layer have been estimated as well [3].
Applying the Health Belief Model to assess prevention services among young adults

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the many models in health education that can be used as the basis for health promotion programs. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act promoted the ...
Association of Leukemia Cutis With Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Importance Leukemia cutis (LC) is an important yet understudied extramedullary manifestation of leukemia. Previous reports have suggested poor prognosis for patients with LC, but these reports have largely consisted of descriptive studies with a limited number of patients. Objectives To identify patient factors associated with LC and characterize the association of LC with the course of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, matched-cohort study included 1683 patients with AML diagnosed from January 1, 2005, to April 1, 2017, with and without biopsy-proven LC seen at a single-center, tertiary care hospital in St Louis, Missouri. To specifically evaluate differences in survival, propensity scoring was used to match patients with AML with LC to patients with AML without LC off the logit of propensity score based on age, race/ethnicity, sex, and leukemia type. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compare cumulative probability survival. Matched survival analysis was performed with extended Cox regression to determine factors associated with leukemia-specific and overall survival. Main Outcomes and Measures Leukemia-specific survival and overall survival. Results A total of 1683 patients were reviewed, including 78 patients with biopsy-proven LC of the AML type and 1605 patients with AML without LC. A total of 62 of the patients with AML and LC (mean [SD] age, 58.2 [11.7] years; 33 [53.2%] male) were matched in a 1:3 ratio to 186 patients with AML without LC (mean [SD] age, 58.2 [13.5] years; 103 [55.4%] male). The 5-year survival among the 62 patients with AML with LC was 8.6%, shorter than the 28.3% among the 186 matched patients with AML without LC. Matched survival analysis revealed that patients with AML and LC compared with those without LC had hazard ratios of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.26-3.38;P = .004) for leukemia-specific death and of 1.66 (95% CI, 1.06-2.60;P = .03) for all-cause death. In addition, matched patients with LC had greater odds of extramedullary organ burden (odds ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.72-7.05;P Conclusions and Relevance The results suggest that the presentation of LC in patients with AML is associated with decreased overall survival and leukemia-specific survival. Patients with AML presenting with LC may require more intensive treatment and monitoring of their leukemic disease.
New therapies for locoregionally advanced and locoregionally recurrent head and neck cancer.

Despite advances in treatment of primary tumors of the head and neck region, recurrent disease signals an ominous outcome for the patient. Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma continues to be a significant cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Improved surveillance and surgical reconstruction methods should help to enhance the capability of surgery to salvage tumors resistant to prior chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Several recently introduced chemotherapeutic agents either alone or in combination with other agents or re-irradiation appears to be extremely active and effective in this patient population. The upcoming decade is likely to see many trials of novel agents either alone or in combination with currently available treatment options. The availability of these new therapeutic regimens may expand the options of patients with recurrent disease and hopefully will help improve the outcome in a group of patients who otherwise have little prospect of attaining cure.
Chemistry and Mathematics: Research and Frameworks To Explore Student Reasoning

Chemistry education research (CER) as a field is inherently interdisciplinary and has traditionally borrowed ideas, frameworks, and methodologies from other fields, such as anthropology, psychology, cognitive science, and science education more broadly. In this paper we encourage researchers to continue this tradition by utilizing the rich body of literature that exists outside of CER, specifically looking to communities interested in mathematics education and physics education to expand the research carried out in our field. Previous work situated in university-level mathematics and physics involves considerations and concerns shared by the chemistry education community, such as integrating conceptual and mathematical reasoning during problem solving. We also briefly discuss and draw attention to a recent ACS Symposium Series book, It’s Just Math: Research on Students’ Understanding of Chemistry and Mathematics, that illustrates the rich area of inquiry at the interface of chemistry and mathematics. An overview of frameworks that have been productive for investigating students’ mathematical reasoning in a chemistry context is provided, encouraging researchers to engage in work that crosses disciplinary boundaries and promotes discussion between experts from different fields.
An Integrated Multi-physics Finite Element Modeling Framework for Deep Brain Stimulation: Preliminary Study on Impact of Brain Shift on Neuronal Pathways

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for movement disorders. The efficacy of DBS depends on electrode placement accuracy and programming parameter optimization to modulate desired neuron groups and pathways. Compounding the challenge of surgical targeting and therapy delivery is brain shift during DBS burr hole surgery. Brain shift introduces potentially significant misalignment between intraoperative anatomy and preoperative imaging data used for surgical planning and targeting. Brain shift may also impact the volume of tissue activation (VTA) and consequently neuronal pathway recruitment for modulation. This work introduces an integrated framework of patient specific biomechanical and bioelectric models to account for brain shift and examines its impact on DBS delivery. Specifically, the biomechanical model was employed to predict brain shift via an inverse problem approach, which was driven by sparse data derived from interventional magnetic resonance (iMR) imaging data. A bioelectric model consisting of standard conductive physics was employed to predict electric potential maps in the presence of the deformed patient anatomy. The electrode leads for creating the potential maps were reconstructed from iMR visualized trajectory and a known lead model geometry. From the electric potential distribution, the VTA was estimated. In an effort to understand changes to neuronal pathway recruitment, the model displacement field was used to estimate shift impact on the VTA intraoperatively. Finally, VTAs in patient space with and without shift consideration were transformed to an atlas available via the Human Connectome Project where tractography was performed. This enabled the observation and comparison of neuronal pathway recruitment due to VTA distributions with and without shift considerations. Preliminary results using this framework in 2 patients indicate that brain shift impacts the extent, number, and volume of neuronal pathways affected by DBS. Hence consideration of brain shift in DBS burr hole surgery is desired to optimize outcome.
Understanding Disability in Theory, Justice, and Planning

The experience of people with disabilities living in different countries varies significantly from place to place. Why do some countries excel in ensuring rights for people with disabilities, while others struggle? The answers are linked not only to laws, governance, and accountability but also to salience and the participation of people with disabilities in the issues that most affect them. Successful outcomes for disability-related policies have been inspired by the influential work of authors including Peter Evans, Amartya Sen, Sophie Mitra, and Kay Nagata. This chapter first explores dominant paradigms in social justice and development in planning theory and examines the conceptual pitfalls and failures to address disability-related justice. It then expands on theories proposed by Evans, Sen, Mitra, and Nagata to elaborate on the urban-focused Capability Model of Disability (CMD). The integrative CMD framework effectively addresses a range of nuanced challenges found when cities work to implement inclusive urban policies and programs. The concept of salience is also explored as a novel, more inclusive, and culturally relative development-based framework.
Antibiotics for 3rd and 4th Degree Vaginal Lacerations, Uterine Tamponade, and Manual Placental Extraction.

Objective Trends in use of antibiotics during delivery hospitalizations complicated by (1) 3rd/4th degree vaginal lacerations, (2) manual placenta extraction, and (3) uterine tamponade are not well characterized. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in antibiotic use during vaginal delivery hospitalizations complicated by these three clinical scenarios. Study Design An administrative inpatient database was used to perform a serial cross-sectional analysis of antibiotic administration during delivery hospitalizations in the United States from January 2006 to March 2015. The primary outcome was receipt of antibiotics during vaginal delivery hospitalizations complicated by (1) 3rd and 4th degree vaginal lacerations, (2) manual placenta extraction, and (3) uterine tamponade. Patients with other indications for antibiotics were excluded. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess trends. Adjusted log linear regression analyses including demographic, hospital, and obstetric factors were performed to analyze factors associated with antibiotic receipt for each of these three clinical scenarios in both primary and sensitivity analyses. Results From 2006 to 2015 the rate of antibiotic administration during delivery hospitalizations decreased from 43.1% in 2006 to 25.5% for 3rd and 4th degree lacerations and from 59.6% to 49.2% for manual extraction (p Conclusion Antibiotics are not used consistently during vaginal deliveries complicated by 3rd/4th degree lacerations, manual placenta extraction, and uterine tamponade. These findings support that a significant opportunity exists for comparative effectiveness research to assist in characterizing best practices.
Synthetic review of financial capacity in cognitive disorders: Foundations, interventions, and innovations.

Financial capacity (FC) is a complex, multidimensional construct that changes over the lifespan and commonly becomes impaired as individuals age and develop dementia. Impaired FC results in several important negative outcomes including loss of independence and increased victimization and abuse. The goal of this review is to synthesize current knowledge of the assessment and intervention of impaired financial capacity in order to propose its further development in the context of technological advancements. Current methods of assessing FC are based on conceptual foundations that include judgment, procedural, and other pragmatic skills. The neurocognitive correlates of FC include basic arithmetic skills, attention, and visual memory. These cognitive domains are presently assessed through clinical and neuropsychological evaluation as well as instruments specifically designed to assess financial capacity. Despite having a firm conceptual and neurocognitive foundation, current assessment methods of FC are limited by their ability to be flexible, individualizable, or scalable. Computer and software technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and the internet of things are exciting tools to achieve the ultimate goal of developing measures that allow patients to maintain or support maximal independence in financial functioning. These tools will allow contemporaneous and ecologically valid assessment and would be useful to legal professionals and clinicians in determinations of financial competency and capacity. Moreover, interventions that provide safety and monitoring while allowing patients maximal autonomy of preserved financial abilities are needed.
Preferences for breast cancer survivorship care by rural/urban residence and age at diagnosis

Preferences for survivorship care among recently treated breast cancer survivors may vary by rural-urban residence and age, but potential differences have not been examined. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of survivorship preferences among women treated for non-metastatic breast cancer 6–24 months prior to recruitment. We surveyed 203 women (66% response) with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I or II breast cancer. Rural residents comprised 36.5% of respondents (82.7% White, non-Hispanic; 52.5% < college education) and 29.6% were ≥ 65 years. More than 95% indicated that checking for recurrence, receiving additional treatment, evaluation of side effects, and identification of late effects were “very important” reasons for follow-up care. The most common topics identified as “very important” for survivorship care discussions were recommendations for healthy behaviors (65.3%), best sources for breast cancer information (65.3%), and effects on family (53.3%) and job (53.8%). Women 65 years and older preferred to discuss follow-up care at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.002), with younger women preferring during (32%) or after treatment (39.1%). Rural survivors were significantly more likely to identify follow-up care reasons not related to the initial breast cancer as “very important” than urban survivors, including screening for other cancers, and examinations or tests for non-cancer diseases (both p = 0.01). Survivorship care in accordance with national recommendations will likely be accepted by breast cancer survivors. Tailoring breast cancer survivorship care by timing, integration of primary care services, and specific psychosocial topics may best meet the needs of different ages and demographics.
Using network analysis to conduct a system-wide program evaluation within a university.

Abstract Objective To conduct a system-wide assessment using social network analysis (SNA) to examine how 14 important issues (e.g., consent; racism) are addressed through education, training, and programming at a university. Methods Evaluators conducted interviews with campus departments responsible for educating/training on the 14 issues. Interviews revealed which programs (n = 52) were offered that addressed the 14 issues, and data on audience characteristics, date of delivery, and which issues were covered in each program were collected. SNA was used to calculate degree and create visualization graphs illustrating patterns of content-coverage across all 52 programs. Results The average degree was 19.38 (SD = 9.70), meaning programs overlapped in topic area with nearly 20 other programs, on average. Most programs (n = 36; 69.2 %) were attended by audiences of 500 people or less. “Diversity and inclusion” represented the topic area with the most programs (n = 23), whereas “suicide” and “bullying/hazing” had the least number of programs (n = 3). Degree was negatively correlated with attendance numbers (r=-.310, p Conclusions This study supports the use of network analysis in conducting systemic evaluations of programs offered at a university, complementing the work of ongoing, local-level program evaluations.
Assets and Household Stability

The ownership of assets is a more important component for escaping generational poverty than even income. Assets have the power to send children to college, purchase a home, start a small business, and provide insulation from minor emergencies that can devastate financially vulnerable families. However, most current welfare programs discourage savings by implementing low caps on assets for eligibility. While some fear that increasing asset limits would cause an overloaded welfare system and encourage dependence, the opposite appears to be true. Further, low-income families are more likely to have savings and own a vehicle in states with relatively liberal limits. The reasons for this are intuitive. Allowing families to build their own safety nets makes them less likely to need outside assistance.
Shaping Perceptions of Basic Science Education by Utilizing Real Patient Encounters

Integrating basic science into clinical teaching has been a struggle for medical schools. However, early exposure to clinical experience has been associated with an increased understanding of the importance of basic science, positive attitudes, and developing clinical skills faster. Furthermore, early clinical exposure can help students reconnect with what drove them into medicine in the first place, especially when they are starting to feel burned out by the volume of lecture material. As a result, increasing patient experience during the first year has become a goal of many medical schools. At Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, interprofessional case discussions (ICDs) begin with a lecture that explicitly integrates basic science with a disease, followed by a discussion with a patient, their family, the healthcare team, and first-year students. Our objective is to explore whether ICDs enhanced the learning experience of basic science. ICD satisfaction was assessed using evaluations from two different courses (2013–2016). Responses were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using a grounded-theory-content analysis. Study 2: A follow-up measure with current third- and fourth-year students on long-term retention of basic science was analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Relative rankings of three different case-based teaching modalities were assessed using chi-square. Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with ICDs (93%) for reinforcing concepts and integrating materials compared to Flipped Classrooms (66%) and Jigsaws (65%), x2 = 120.9, p < .001. Student comments fit into five categories: enjoyment, learning/retention, the clinical usefulness of basic science, affirming passion to be in medicine, and others. The follow-up measure indicated significantly greater retention of the biochemical basis of diseases covered during ICDs. While other teaching modalities integrate basic science into a clinical context, ICDs go further by displaying interprofessional care and the manifestation of the disease on the patient and the lives of their family. As a result, ICDs lead to a positive learning environment in which students feel comfortable, have a sense of rapport with the patients and health care providers, and feel motivated to learn basic science.
Male vitamin D status and male factor infertility

Objective To determine the association between vitamin D levels in the male partner and fertility outcomes in couples with mild male factor infertility. Design Secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial. Setting Nine fertility centers in the United States. Patient(s) Men (n = 154) with sperm concentration between 5 and 15 million/mL, motility ≤40%, or normal morphology ≤4% were eligible. Female partners were ovulatory, ≤40 years old, and had documented tubal patency. Intervention(s) Men provided semen and blood at baseline for semen analysis and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. They were randomly assigned to receive a vitamin formulation including vitamin D 2,000 IU daily or placebo for up to 6 months. Couples attempted to conceive naturally during the first 3 months and with clomiphene citrate with intrauterine insemination of the female partner in months 4 through 6. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary: sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation at baseline. Secondary: cumulative pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates. Result(s) Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were not statistically significantly different between men with vitamin D deficiency and men with 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL. In addition, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar. Male 25(OH)D level Conclusion(s) Vitamin D deficiency in the male partner did not significantly impact semen parameters or treatment outcomes. Further study is warranted to better characterize the rate of miscarriage in couples with male vitamin D deficiency.
Biomedical Graph Visualizer for Identifying Drug Candidates

1. Abstract Millions of Americans suffer from illnesses with non-existent or ineffective drug treatment. Identifying plausible drug candidates is a major barrier to drug development due to the large amount of time and resources required; approval can take years when people are suffering now. While computational tools can expedite drug candidate discovery, these tools typically require programming expertise that many biologists lack. Though biomedical databases continue to grow, they have proven difficult to integrate and maintain, and non-programming interfaces for these data sources are scarce and limited in capability. This creates an opportunity for us to present a suite of user-friendly software tools to aid computational discovery of novel treatments through de novo discovery or repurposing. Our tools eliminate the need for researchers to acquire computational expertise by integrating multiple databases and offering an intuitive graphical interface for analyzing these publicly available data. We built a computational knowledge graph focused on biomedical concepts related to drug discovery, designed visualization tools that allow users to explore complex relationships among entities in the graph, and served these tools through a free and user-friendly web interface. We show that users can conduct complex analyses with relative ease and that our knowledge graph and algorithms recover approved repurposed drugs. Our evaluation indicates that our method provides an intuitive, easy, and effective toolkit for discovering drug candidates. We show that our toolkit makes computational analysis for drug development more accessible and efficient and ultimately plays a role in bringing effective treatments to all patients. Our application is hosted at: https://biomedical-graph-visualizer.wl.r.appspot.com/
Against: What does the White Evangelical Want?: by Tad DeLay, Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2019, 176 pp., US$ n/a (hb), US$19.00 (pb), ISBN 978–1–5326–6847–0 (hb), ISBN 978–1–5326–6846–3 (pb), ISBN 978–1–5326–6848–7 (eb)

Tad DeLay’s most recent book, Against: What does the White Evangelical Want?, situates white (mostly American) evangelicalism culturally and historically in order to reveal the widespread threats t...
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Trigeminal Nerve Injuries

Summary Accumulation of a core of scientific knowledge and its application to clinical experience during the past 10 years has made it possible to develop consensus guidelines for the assessment and management of peripheral trigeminal nerve injuries. The guidelines and algorithms presented in this article are suggestions, not rules, regulations, or standards of care because they are subject to unique characteristics of individual patients and the judgment and experience of the surgeons who provide their care. Within these limitations, a rational approach to nerve injury management is available.
Exploring Friendship Experiences among Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women: A Qualitative Interpretative Meta-Synthesis

Although incarceration of women in the United States is at a historic high, the understanding of women’s experiences in prison and how this time affects their lives after prison is very limited. Qu...
Are the current evaluation tools for advanced therapies biased

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite attention to racial disparities in outcomes for heart failure (HF) and other chronic diseases, progress against these inequities has been gradual at best. The disparities of COVID-19 and police brutality have highlighted the pervasiveness of systemic racism in health outcomes. Whether racial bias impacts patient access to advanced HF therapies is unclear. RECENT FINDINGS: As documented in other settings, racial bias appears to operate in HF providers' consideration of patients for advanced therapy. Multiple medical and psychosocial elements of the evaluation process are particularly vulnerable to bias. SUMMARY: Reducing gaps in access to advanced therapies will require commitments at multiple levels to reduce barriers to healthcare access, standardize clinical operations, research the determinants of patient success and increase diversity among providers and researchers. Progress is achievable but likely requires as disruptive and investment of immense resources as in the battle against COVID-19.
Every day is a possibility: Modernity, struggle, and the politics of solidarity in the writing of Teju Cole

Teju Cole’s literary and essayistic work opens interdisciplinary and transnational conversations concerning the work of solidarity politics at least four decades in the making. Opening with a look ...
Overview of the Agile Microsat

MIT Lincoln Laboratory, in collaboration with Blue Canyon Technologies LLC and Enpulsion GmbH, is developing the Agile MicroSat (AMS) as the first nanosatellite with suitable agility to enable long-duration low altitude flight and maneuvering to actively focus ground coverage in times of need. Operating at lower altitudes provides higher resolution for a given optical sensing aperture. Spacecraft agility provides the opportunity for earth remote sensing techniques observing transient, unpredictable Earth scenes such as agricultural or ecological stress, fire smoke plumes, coastal and river flooding and oil spills. AMS will use an indium-fed field effect electric propulsion thruster with thrust vector control to implement its orbital maneuvers. AMS is implementing advanced satellite control techniques including vector control momentum management during thrusting, low-drag attitude control and critical fault response in low altitude/high drag conditions. AMS will validate increasingly sophisticated and demanding guidance techniques, progressing from manual ground control to automated on-board guidance as confidence is gained through on-orbit operation. Upon reaching low altitude, AMS will maneuver into repeating satellite ground track orbits on demand to operate two optical payloads. The AMS Camera payload will collect reflected sunlight imagery of local regions of interest cued by mission operations. The AMS Beacon payload provides a near infrared laser transmitter as an artificial phase reference to demonstrate ground based adaptive optics. Mission planning is ongoing leading to anticipated launch in Q4 2021 and minimum altitude of 280 km or lower.
Prospective Relationships Between Objectively Assessed Social Media Use, Drinking Norms, and Alcohol Consumption Among First-Year Students.

Objective: Previous research has linked social media involvement and alcohol use among college students. However, this literature has been limited by self-report measures of social media use, cross...
Transition of a Primary Care Fellowship to A Virtual Format: Lessons Learned

The Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship program trains physicians and physician assistants to expand community underserved partnerships and healthcare transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic required a rapid transition to virtual platforms (e.g. Zoom) to facilitate the safe delivery of medical care and education. This report describes the resulting lessons learned in transitioning to a virtual fellowship. The fellowship involves self-directed learning, didactics, and smallgroup discussions. The first CPCC fellowship cohort included inperson instruction. A second cohort transitioned to a virtual-only format in March 2020 due to COVID-19. A third virtual-only cohort began in September 2020. Focus group data was analyzed for themes in the transition to a virtual format. Key lessons learned were derived during this transition including: 1) Realignment of focus of didactic and discussions for continued fellow engagement; 2) Leveraging virtual tools to optimize impact of activities; and 3) Geographic expansion of fellowship recruitment resulting in a more diverse cohort. A virtual fellowship has also allowed for refocused approaches to learning, building rapport, and an expanded reach in geography. This has enriched the experience of the fellowship by producing primary care champions in leadership and advocacy across practice environments. This supports retention of a virtual CPCC fellowship.
Reasoning in a Circle of Law

THERE are few great pioneers in any field, for greatness is by definition rare. In law as in other fields, however, we do not lack priests of high fashion who reject established ways to establish their own for slavish followers. Once it was high fashion to endorse the status quo automatically, too often without rhyme or reason. The conventional wooden square was in, and woe befell any lawyer or judge who did not fit his decision or brief squarely within its straight lines. Everyone who counted knew where he stood, even if he only stood in a corner. As for anyone who wanted to know where she stood, she soon learned. She usually stood outside the pale of the laws of descent or ascent or dissent. All that remained to her was dissolution in tears. Hardly anyone dreamed that some day one of her kind, preoccupied with bearing children, preferably male for property relevance, would walk into a Yankee legislature and bear tidings that began: "Brothers, I have news for you." Hardly anyone dreamed that some day the rights of people in general would cease to be only on the periphery of a worm's-eye view of property rights. Now, the sedentary squares of the status quo are put down if not out, and the floating circles of law reform are in, hanging loose. Their pitchmen proclaim the absence of dust-collecting corners in the new products and guarantee them for at least ninety days. Best of all, these novel circles can stretch into other sizes and shapes. There are few to question the new dogma that ascribes to them an automatic relevance to current problems. The very term, law reform, evokes the mystique of relevance. It conveys assurance, like a miracle fabric, that all will be well as soon as it is pressed or unpressed into service. If one fabric fails, there is always another and another ready for use, and failures disappear from view in the endless busyness of fabrication. As one receptive to change but wary of dogma in old forms or new,
Copyright and Misappropriation

Many works are today subject to piracy and are likely to be under produced without some form of legal protection. Notwithstanding the recent Supreme Court decisions in Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. and Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, which widen the piracy crack into which valuable works can fall, notions of misappropriation or piracy can, do, and should play an important role in copyright interpretation. Antimisappropriation of authorial skill and effort is an implicit part of all forms of copyright protection, even where protection extends broadly to the intellectually creative and expressive content of the finished product. Protection of authorial skill, effort, and judgment in the making of the product is all that is protected, however, where the content of the finished product falls outside copyright protection. This article argues that misappropriation’s role should be more explicit in copyright interpretation, both so that appropriate protection is extended to desirable works otherwise vulnerable to piracy and so that countervailing policies, such as limited protection of ideas, factual information, and function, can be more carefully weighed in the balance. Feist would make misappropriation essentially an irrelevant factor for factual compilations, and language unnecessary to the actual decision potentially extends its denial of protection much further. This paper assumes, however, that Feist did not really intend to open the piracy door so widely, and offers a framework for copyright analysis that accepts misappropriation as a legitimate copyright concern, albeit only one of several, and inquires into the role that misappropriation notions should play in the analysis. This approach, not strictly prohibited by Feist’s actual holding, leads to better results when measured against the applicable social policies underlying copyright.
Mechanism of action of accelerants. The effect of cutaneously-applied penetration accelerants on the skin circulation of the rat.

Summary.— Liquids such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), n-decylamine or di-2-ethylhexylamine, which are able to accelerate the penetration through the skin of drugs dissolved in them, also cause varying degrees of inflammation and increased capillary permeability. The present work was undertaken to see whether the accelerant effect in vivo might be due partially to these circulatory changes. The accelerants studied produced effects in the rat which varied from increased capillary permeability disappearing within 1–5 h (xylene, DMSO, di-2-ethylhexylamine), to local circulatory arrest, marked inflammation and necrosis (n-decylamine). The mild effects were less marked after the histamine (H) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5HT) contents of the skin had been lowered by treatment with compound 48/80 and reserpine respectively. Thus, the mild effects appeared to be due to the local release of H and 5HT. The necrosis caused by n-decylamine was not reduced by such procedures and was most likely due to its alkalinity and surface activity. Neither H, Trafuril nor any of the accelerants tested increased the clearance of intradermally-injected radioactive 24Na, and those accelerants which produced necrosis caused a marked and rapid reduction of the skin clearance of 24Na. It was concluded that the accelerant effect in vivo was due not to increased capillary permeability or transport away from the skin but solely to the increased permeability of the stratum corneum.
Children's Organized Activities

Organized activities (including afterschool programs, extracurricular activities, sports, community service, summer camps, and other activities outside of the regular school day) account for a significant segment of children and adolescents' lives. These activities often provide hands-on, child-driven experiential learning that often involve youth working collaboratively with peers. Although research on organized activities is comparatively recent, it suggests that these types of activities support the development of self-direction, initiative, teamwork, and emotional skills, as well as cognitive and academic skills. In this chapter, bioecological and sociocultural theories are used to guide our understanding of organized activities. Methodological strategies and common assessments used to study organized activities are reviewed. Key parameters and processes, including dosage, type of activities, and program quality, are described. We consider individual, family, peer, and school/community factors that predict participation in organized activities. We also evaluate evidence of links between organized activities and child developmental outcomes. Finally, youth experiences and outcomes associated with unsupervised settings are juxtaposed to experiences and outcomes found in organized activities. Keywords: activity breadth; activity participation; activity type; afterschool programs; extracurricular activities; organized activities; proximal processes; selection effects; self-care; unsupervised time
J. Marion Sims, the father of gynecology: Hero or villain?

J. Marion Sims (1813-1884) has been called the "Father of Gynecology" for his revolutionary approach to treating the diseases of women. He rose from humble origins to become a successful surgeon, teacher, and writer. His innovations included the first successful treatment for vesicovaginal fistula, the first gallbladder surgery, and the introduction of antiseptic principles in all areas of surgical treatment. The "Sims position" and "Sims speculum" are eponymic tributes to his accomplishments. In recent years Sims has, however, become a focus of controversy because of his experimental surgeries on slave women. His powerful personality and messianic attitude led him to minimize moral problems, and to bristle against opposition. Ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence are important criteria for evaluating Sims' research. An exploration of the nature of Sims' work and the atmosphere in which he practiced will illuminate the critical ethical questions surrounding Sims' use of slave women as experimental subjects.
Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables

A longstanding problem in the interpretation of the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emission from strongly magnetic cataclysmic variables can be addressed definitively with high resolution EUV spectroscopy. A detailed photospheric spectrum of the accretion-heated polar cap of the white dwarf is sensitive in principle to the temperature structure of the atmosphere. This may allow us to determine where and how the bulk of the accretion energy is thermalized. The EUVE data on AM Herculis and EF Eridani are presented and discussed in this context.