cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A case study of teen parenting.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate how the use of the standard nursing languages of NANDA International (NANDA-I), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) help a teen mother provide safe care for her newborn. In addition, this study aims to demonstrate how important standardized nursing languages are in documenting the care provided. DATA SOURCES: The data sources for this article are clinical nursing practice, research evidence in the form of care directives from the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding newborn safety and feeding, and the books that provide directions for the use of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC. DATA SYNTHESIS: This case demonstrates the use of the nursing process in providing care for a teen mother and a newborn. CONCLUSIONS: Many new mothers, especially teens, are poorly informed regarding normal newborn care and safety upon hospital discharge. For this reason, teen mothers should be referred for nursing assessments in the home environment after discharge. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: This case demonstrates the need for education of all parents prior to hospital discharge and supports the need for home-based evaluations to ensure the safety of the infant. This case also supports the use of standardized nursing language to document the care provided.
Factors Predictive of the Range of Occupations Considered by African American Juniors and Seniors in High School.

This study assesses factors predictive of the range of possible occupations considered by 166 African American high school students. There are no differences in the number of African American representative occupations (those in which 13.5% or more employees were African American) considered compared to nonrepresentative occupations (those with less than 5% African American employees). The results support the hypothesized relations among occupational self-efficacies, interests, and considered occupations. Perceived career barriers decrease the importance of occupational self-efficacy in predicting number of considered occupations. Racial identity is not related to the number of considered occupations.
Shifts of Bacterioplankton Metabolic Profiles along the Salinity Gradient in a Subtropical Estuary

Understanding the biodegradation potential of river bacterioplankton communities is crucial for watershed management. We investigated the shifts in bacterioplankton metabolic profiles along the salinity gradient of the Caloosahatchee River Estuary, Florida. The carbon source utilization patterns of river bacterioplankton communities were determined by using Biolog EcoPlates. The number of utilized substrates was generally high in the upstream freshwater dominated zone and low in the downstream zone, suggesting a shift in metabolic profiles among bacterioplankton assemblages along the estuarine gradient. The prokaryotic cell numbers also decreased along the estuarine salinity gradient. Seasonal and site-specific differences were found in the numbers of utilized substrates, which were similar in summer and fall (wet season) and winter and spring (dry season). Bacterioplankton assemblages in summer and fall showed more versatile substrate utilization patterns than those of winter and spring communities. Therefore, our data suggest that microbial metabolic patterns in the subtropical estuary are likely influenced by the water discharge patterns created by dry and wet seasons along the salinity gradient.
The Effect of the CO32- to Ca2+ Ion activity ratio on calcite precipitation kinetics and Sr2+partitioning

A proposed strategy for immobilizing trace metals in the subsurface is to stimulate calcium carbonate precipitation and incorporate contaminants by co-precipitation. Such an approach will require injecting chemical amendments into the subsurface to generate supersaturated conditions that promote mineral precipitation. However, the formation of reactant mixing zones will create gradients in both the saturation state and ion activity ratios (i.e., ). To better understand the effect of ion activity ratios on CaCO3 precipitation kinetics and Sr2+ co-precipitation, experiments were conducted under constant composition conditions where the supersaturation state (Ω) for calcite was held constant at 9.4, but the ion activity ratio was varied between 0.0032 and 4.15. Calcite was the only phase observed, by XRD, at the end of the experiments. Precipitation rates increased from 41.3 ± 3.4 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 0.0315 to a maximum rate of 74.5 ± 4.8 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 0.306 followed by a decrease to 46.3 ± 9.6 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 1.822. The trend was simulated using a simple mass transfer model for solute uptake at the calcite surface. However, precipitation rates at fixed saturation states also evolved with time. Precipitation rates accelerated for low r values but slowed for high r values. These trends may be related to changes in effective reactive surface area. The ratios did not affect the distribution coefficient for Sr in calcite (DPSr2+), apart from the indirect effect associated with the established positive correlation between DPSr2+ and calcite precipitation rate. At a constant supersaturation state (Ω = 9.4), varying the ion activity ratio affects the calcite precipitation rate. This behavior is not predicted by affinity-based rate models. Furthermore, at the highest ion ratio tested, no precipitation was observed, while at the lowest ion ratio precipitation occurred immediately and valid rate measurements could not be made. The maximum measured precipitation rate was 2-fold greater than the minima, and occurred at a carbonate to calcium ion activity ratio of 0.306. These findings have implications for predicting the progress and cost of remediation operations involving enhanced calcite precipitation where mineral precipitation rates, and the spatial/temporal distribution of those rates, can have significant impacts on the mobility of contaminants.
Return to Culture Wars and the Politics of Culture

The last century ended in a decade of relative prosperity, a generally strong economy, and the ability of the working classes (indeed most people) to mask the fact that real wages had remained more or less stagnant for almost 30 years through access to seemingly unlimited credit sustaining ever growing levels of consumption. Consumption is important in a capitalist economy because, to put it in perhaps simple terms, capitalists cannot realize profits from the production process without the sale of goods and services. Or so we all imagined. The latter half of the 20 Century also brought us the ascendance of finance over other forms of capital as cost accounting, stock values and bottom lines replaced long term investments in R&D and corporate strategic planning. By the time this new century was well on its way we discovered that credit had its limits, finance could do little but sustain the profits of financial institutions, and over the more recent period a realization that the increase in labor productivity now sustains profits for sectors like manufacturing even as workforces are cut drastically and unemployment has reached levels unprecedented since the end of the depression of the 1930s. The election of Bill Clinton in 1992 marked the first time a Democrat held the White House (with the brief one-term presidency of Jimmy Carter elected in 1976) since the Vietnam War era beginning with Richard Nixon elected in 1968. Throughout this period the Democratic Party controlled the House of Representatives and in 1994 Republicans under the leadership of Newt Gingrich presented the public with a Contract With America, a document that laid out a set of Conservative principles and was a clarion call for the all out culture war that was waged up to that point as a guerilla war. The “infamous” 60s came to represent unfettered personal freedom (one might assume in retrospect the main freedom that was threatening to Conservatives was the sexual revolution) and a liberal agenda of Civil Rights, Student Rights, Worker Rights, Gay Rights, Women’s Rights and many other manifestations of personal and social change in this country. With the issuance of this so-called contract Conservatives looked to channel the “silent majority” of Americans whose way of life was threatened by waves of challenges to a status quo of compliance and control. One’s position on abortion became a litmus test for the Right, and with it came all manner of initiatives designed to hold the line or even reverse many of the changes wrought in the preceding two decades. We might argue that these earlier Culture Wars reached its peak during the 2000 national election when hysteria over gay rights (in this case the rights of gays to marry) mobilized a conservative religious base to come out and vote for George W. Bush to defeat the Clinton years and the Editorial
The New Latin American Labor History: What We Gain

In exhorting Latin American labor historians to consider structural variables and theoretical questions, rather than simply to describe the nature of workers' experience, Emilia Viotti da Costa is basically urging us to be good historians?to include several levels of analysis in our work, to avoid vulgar empiricism, and to maintain, wherever possible, a comparative perspective. Certainly she is right to warn us against letting the new labor history in Latin America become merely a "history of everyday life." I feel that Viotti da Costa is worrying unduly, however, because the better examples of the new labor history are already following her excellent advice. The studies that are having a serious impact on the field, such as those by Peter Winn, Daniel James, Charles Bergquist, and John French, while rejecting a strictly structuralist approach, have integrated structural variables into their broader arguments.1 In effect, I would say that, with the new Latin American labor history, we gain a great deal and lose very little. To be sure, there are some historians who have engaged in a "wholesale programmatic repudiation of traditional approaches," and, as we will see, specific aspects of the "old" labor history have been completely discarded. But most of the new scholarship is not so much antistructuralist as poststructuralist?in the literal, rather than fashionable, sense of the term. As is apparent from Viotti da Costa's own discussion of several key works of Latin American labor history, certain insights from structuralist interpretations are embedded in the approach and conclusion of the new labor historians. Winn's study of Chilean factory workers, as Viotti da Costa notes, is clearly informed by a broader analysis of the industrializa tion process in Latin America. Even James, who explicitly rejects structuralist explanations for the emergence of populist movements, sets the stage for the rise of Peronism by discussing changes in the structure of the Argentine economy in the 1930s, and concedes that Peronism, as a formal program, has some parallels to New Deal and welfare state policies in the United States and Europe. But more important, he goes on to discuss how the particular historical context in which Peronism emerged?a context by no means "determined" by structural vari ables?made it a "movement of political and social opposition. "2 Similarly, while Winn discusses how the structure of the market constrained the Yarur factory
Comparative drought resistance among six species of birch (Betula): influence of mild water stress on water relations and leaf gas exchange

Responses of plant water relations and leaf gas exchange to mild water stress were monitored and compared among six species of birch; monarch birch (Bet& manimowicziana Reg.), river birch (B. nigra L.), paper birch (I?. pupyrifera Marsh.), European white birch (B, pendula Roth.), ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch (B. platyphylla var. japonica Hara. ‘Whitespire’), and gray birch (B. populifolia Marsh.). Before imposition of water stress, ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch and river birch maintained the highest stomatal conductances and net rates of photosynthesis of the species examined. After irrigation was withheld, stomatal conductance and rate of net photosynthesis gradually declined for most species. After 28 days without irrigation, ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch maintained significantly higher stomatal conductance and rate of net photosynthesis than did the other species despite having one of the lowest midday water potentials. There was no evidence of osmotic adjustment by any of the species in response to the imposed drought. However, there was substantial variation in the water potential at the turgor loss point among the species, from a high of -1.34 MPa for river birch to a low of -1.78 MPa for ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch. Stomata1 conductance and net photosynthesis under mild water stress (average predawn leaf water potential of -0.6 1 MPa) were negatively correlated with leaf osmotic potential at full turgor and leaf water potential at the turgor loss point. Thus, the greater net photosynthesis of ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch under water stress compared with the other species appears to have resulted from a superior capacity to maintain turgor at low leaf water potentials, which in turn provided for greater stomatal conductance and CO2 uptake. These results indicate that ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch is better adapted to dry sites than the other species.
Isolated facial nerve palsy from metastasis to the temporal bone: report of two cases and a review of the literature

Isolated facial nerve paralysis is rarely the result of metastasis. We describe two cases (the fourth and fifth cases ever documented) with facial nerve palsy secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma to the temporal bone. We also review the pathogenesis and presentation of facial nerve paralysis from metastasis and discuss a possible treatment strategy.
Competing many-body instabilities in two-dimensional dipolar Fermi gases

Experiments on quantum degenerate Fermi gases of magnetic atoms and dipolar molecules begin to probe their broken-symmetry phases dominated by the long-range, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction. Several candidate phases including the $p$-wave superfluid, the stripe density wave, and a supersolid have been proposed theoretically for two-dimensional spinless dipolar Fermi gases. Yet the phase boundaries predicted by different approximations vary greatly and a definitive phase diagram is still lacking. Here we present a theory that treats all competing many-body instabilities in the particle-particle and particle-hole channel on equal footing. We obtain the low-temperature phase diagram by numerically solving the functional renormalization-group flow equations and find a nontrivial density wave phase at small dipolar tilting angles and strong interactions, but no evidence of the supersolid phase. We also estimate the critical temperatures of the ordered phases.
Soil chemical properties as influenced by long-term glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean production in the central Great Plains, USA

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn ( Zea mays L) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production and glyphosate application could affect soil chemistry due to indirect effects on soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient cycling. We determined soil chemical properties after 15-yr of glyphosate application, continuous GR corn (CC) and GR corn-soybean rotation (CS) under no-tillage. Herbicide treatments were 1) glyphosate at 0.42 and 2) 0.84 kg a.e. ha − 1 each applied twice in all years, 3) an alternating treatment of glyphosate at 0.84 kg ha − 1 applied twice followed the next year by a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment, and 4) a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment in all years. Results showed that crop rotation and soil sampling depth affected SOM, pH, and nutrient concentrations. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and K concentrations at the soil surface were reduced with CC production. In contrast, SOM, Fe, Mn, NO 3 -N, SO 4 -S and soil P concentrations in the top 7.5 cm of the soil increased with CC production. Glyphosate application affected concentrations of P, NO 3 -N, SO 4 -S and Fe but not pH, Ca, Mg, Mn or Zn. Findings of this long-term study showed that crop management practices including herbicide program and crop rotation could affect soil chemical properties but cropping systems with CC increased soil surface fertility compared to CS production.
Community Informant Explanations for Unusual Neighborhood Rates of Child Maltreatment Reports

This study explored perceptions of community informants on socioenvironmental factors that explain why rates of child maltreatment reporting are different in neighborhoods with similar population characteristics. This study used data from the SoCal Neighborhoods and Child Welfare study, a multiphase, mixed-methods study of neighborhoods in Los Angeles and San Diego counties. Semistructured qualitative interviews with key informants (N = 28) in 22 census tracts explored factors that account for differences in maltreatment rates among sociodemographically similar neighborhoods. Thematic content analysis revealed three themes regarding neighborhood contributors to maltreatment behaviors and reporting: (a) community norms and values, (b) community resources and providers, and (c) housing dynamics and built environment. Findings indicate complexity in forces that affect maltreatment behavior and reporting. Adding to research on neighborhood social dynamics and child maltreatment, findings suggest that composite indicators of maltreatment within neighborhoods are affected by maltreatment behaviors and the definition, recognition, and reporting of maltreatment.
Characterization of facets for multiple right-hand choice linear programs

A dual or polar set is studied to characterize facets of polyhedra arising from problems in which the variables y are allowed to be continuous but the vector Wy is required to be equal to one of a finite set S. These facets are supported functions of a polar set C *, and some properties are given for those C * corresponding to a facet.
Charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for the delivery and release of mRNA in living animals

Functional delivery of mRNA to tissues in the body is key to implementing fundamentally new and potentially transformative strategies for vaccination, protein replacement therapy, and genome editing, collectively affecting approaches for the prevention, detection, and treatment of disease. Broadly applicable tools for the efficient delivery of mRNA into cultured cells would advance many areas of research, and effective and safe in vivo mRNA delivery could fundamentally transform clinical practice. Here we report the step-economical synthesis and evaluation of a tunable and effective class of synthetic biodegradable materials: charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for mRNA delivery into cells. CARTs are structurally unique and operate through an unprecedented mechanism, serving initially as oligo(α-amino ester) cations that complex, protect, and deliver mRNA and then change physical properties through a degradative, charge-neutralizing intramolecular rearrangement, leading to intracellular release of functional mRNA and highly efficient protein translation. With demonstrated utility in both cultured cells and animals, this mRNA delivery technology should be broadly applicable to numerous research and therapeutic applications.
Rewriting Electron-Transfer Kinetics at Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes Decorated with Nanometric Ruthenium Oxide

Platinum is state-of-the-art for fast electron transfer whereas carbon electrodes, which have semimetal electronic character, typically exhibit slow electron-transfer kinetics. But when we turn to practical electrochemical devices, we turn to carbon. To move energy devices and electro(bio)analytical measurements to a new performance curve requires improved electron-transfer rates at carbon. We approach this challenge with electroless deposition of disordered, nanoscopic anhydrous ruthenium oxide at pyrolytic carbon prepared by thermal decomposition of benzene (RuOx@CVD-C). We assessed traditionally fast, chloride-assisted ([Fe(CN)6]3–/4–) and notoriously slow ([Fe(H2O)6]3+/2+) electron-transfer redox probes at CVD-C and RuOx@CVD-C electrodes and calculated standard heterogeneous rate constants as a function of heat treatment to crystallize the disordered RuOx domains to their rutile form. For the fast electron-transfer probe, [Fe(CN)6]3–/4–, the rate increases by 34× over CVD-C once the RuOx is calcined t...
Auditing the Personalization and Composition of Politically-Related Search Engine Results Pages

Search engines are a primary means through which people obtain information in today»s connected world. Yet, apart from the search engine companies themselves, little is known about how their algorithms filter, rank, and present the web to users. This question is especially pertinent with respect to political queries, given growing concerns about filter bubbles, and the recent finding that bias or favoritism in search rankings can influence voting behavior. In this study, we conduct a targeted algorithm audit of Google Search using a dynamic set of political queries. We designed a Chrome extension to survey participants and collect the Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) and autocomplete suggestions that they would have been exposed to while searching our set of political queries during the month after Donald Trump»s Presidential inauguration. Using this data, we found significant differences in the composition and personalization of politically-related SERPs by query type, subjects» characteristics, and date.
Impact on water cooled heatsink design from SMT component movement during reflow

The move from air cooled to water cooled heatsinks (without any airflow) for product segments like high performance computing means that many more board components must be in contact with the heatsink. At the same time, higher power across the board is driving tighter mechanical Keep Out Zones (KOZ) between the heatsink and components. These factors have combined to drive the requirement to understand final component location and tolerances of many more components. Understanding which components may end up shifted from their nominal position after reflow and allowing for that movement has become a critical element in the design of fully water cooled heatsinks.
Associations of Coexisting Conditions with Healthcare Spending for Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Objective To determine which coexisting conditions have the strongest associations with healthcare use and spending among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Study design Retrospective analysis of 16 695 children ages 0-18 years with CP – identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes – using Medicaid from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 from 10 states in the Truven MarketScan Medicaid Database. Using generalized linear models, we assessed which coexisting conditions (including medical technology) identified with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Chronic Condition Indicators had the strongest associations with total healthcare spending across the healthcare continuum. Results Median per-patient annual Medicaid spending for children with CP was $12 299 (IQR $4826-$35 582). Most spending went to specialty (33.1%) and hospital (26.7%) care. The children had a median 6 (IQR 4-10) coexisting conditions; epilepsy was the most common (38.1%). Children with epilepsy accounted for 59.6% ($364 million) of all CP spending. In multivariable analysis, the coexisting conditions most strongly associated with increased spending were tracheostomy (median additional cost per patient = $56 567 [95%CI $51 386-61 748]) and enterostomy (median additional cost per patient = $25 707 [95%CI $23 753-27 660]). Conclusions Highly prevalent in children with CP using Medicaid, coexisting conditions correlate strongly with healthcare spending. Tracheostomy and enterostomy, which indicate significant functional impairments in breathing and digestion, are associated with the highest spending. Families, providers, payers, and legislators may leverage these findings when designing policies positioned to enable the best health and care for children with cerebral palsy.
The Q-tip Test

The Q-tip test is a simple clinical test used to evaluate urethral mobility. Fig. 6.1 shows an intraoperative example of the test as it is being used to estimate the relative position of the urethrovesical junction during a modified Pereyra procedure.
Scanned laser displays for virtual reality: A feasibility study

Technologies applicable toward a display system in which a laser is raster scanned on the viewer's retina are reviewed. The properties of laser beam propagation and the inherent resolution of a laser scanning system are discussed. Scanning techniques employing rotating mirrors, galvanometer scanners, acoustooptic deflectors, and piezoelectric deflectors are described. Resolution, speed, deflection range, and physical size are strongly coupled properties of these technologies. A radiometric analysis indicates that eye safety would not be a problem in a retina-scanning system. For head-mounted display applications, a monochromatic system employing a laser diode source with acoustooptic and galvanometer scanners is deemed most practical at the present time. A resolution of 1000 × 1000 pixels at 60 frames per second should be possible with such a monochromatic system using currently available off-the-shelf components. A full-color scanned-laser display suitable for head-mounted display use is not judged feasible to build at this time with off-the-shelf components.
Integrating STEM into Preschool Education; Designing a Professional Development Model in Diverse Settings.

High quality early childhood education and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning have gained recognition as key levers in the progress toward high quality education for all students. STEM activities can be an effective platform for providing rich learning experiences that are accessible to dual language learners and students from all backgrounds. To do this well, teachers need professional development on how to integrate STEM into preschool curricula, and how to design experiences that support the dual language learners in the classroom. To address this need, a professional development model was designed to empower preschool educators to provide rich, high-quality STEM learning experiences, with particular emphasis on working in schools serving children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This model was created based on best practices in adult learning and teacher professional development, on developmentally appropriate STEM concepts and teaching interactions, and in collaboration with educators to design professional supports that were responsive to their needs. We worked in under-resourced communities in a North East state in the United States to design a model that is culturally appropriate, and that is flexible enough to be implemented within any curricula and with a variety of materials. In this article, we outline the main components and the iterative design process we undertook to ensure that the professional supports are relevant and effective for teachers and children. Finally, the article presents feedback from educators who participated in the design and implementation of the model, as well as discussion of how our process can inform other teacher educators and those interested in promoting early STEM in diverse preschool settings.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic mouse cardiac myocytes.

The pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cardiomyopathy remains uncertain. We used HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26) mice to explore mechanisms by which HIV-related proteins impacted on myocyte function. Compared to adult ventricular myocytes isolated from nontransgenic (wild type [WT]) littermates, Tg26 myocytes had similar mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) under normoxic conditions but lower Δ Ψ m after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In addition, Δ Ψ m in Tg26 myocytes failed to recover after Ca 2+ challenge. Functionally, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake was severely impaired in Tg26 myocytes. Basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were lower in normoxic Tg26 myocytes, and further reduced after H/R. Complex I subunit and ATP levels were lower in Tg26 hearts. Post-H/R, mitochondrial superoxide (O 2 •- ) levels were higher in Tg26 compared to WT myocytes. Overexpression of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) reduced O 2 •- levels in hypoxic WT and Tg26 myocytes back to normal. Under normoxic conditions, single myocyte contraction dynamics were similar between WT and Tg26 myocytes. Post-H/R and in the presence of isoproterenol, myocyte contraction amplitudes were lower in Tg26 myocytes. BAG3 overexpression restored Tg26 myocyte contraction amplitudes to those measured in WT myocytes post-H/R. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated physical association of BAG3 and the HIV protein Tat. We conclude: (a) Under basal conditions, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake, OCR, and ATP levels were lower in Tg26 myocytes; (b) post-H/R, Δ Ψ m was lower, mitochondrial O 2 •- levels were higher, and contraction amplitudes were reduced in Tg26 myocytes; and (c) BAG3 overexpression decreased O 2 •- levels and restored contraction amplitudes to normal in Tg26 myocytes post-H/R in the presence of isoproterenol.
Adeno-associated virus gene delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies as prevention and therapy against HIV-1

Vectored gene delivery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a promising alternative to conventional vaccines for preventing new HIV-1 infections and for therapeutically suppressing established HIV-1 infections. Passive infusion of single bNAbs has already shown promise in initial clinical trials to temporarily decrease HIV-1 load in viremic patients, and to delay viral rebound from latent reservoirs in suppressed patients during analytical treatment interruptions of antiretroviral therapy. Long-term, continuous, systemic expression of such bNAbs could be achieved with a single injection of rAAV encoding antibody genes into muscle tissue, which would bypass the challenges of eliciting such bNAbs through traditional vaccination in naive patients, and of life-long repeated passive transfers of such biologics for therapy. rAAV delivery of single bNAbs has already demonstrated protection from repeated HIV-1 vaginal challenge in humanized mouse models, and phase I clinical trials of this approach are underway. Selection of which individual, or combination of, bNAbs to deliver to counter pre-existing resistance and the rise of escape mutations in the virus remains a challenge, and such choices may differ depending on use of this technology for prevention versus therapy.
Latinx Education Under Attack: The Implications of Immigration Policy for Education

This conceptual article examines the intersection between immigration law enforcement and education. We explore the following questions: How have immigration and education policy intersected in the last decade, and particularly after the 2016 presidential election? To examine this question, we make use of the interdisciplinary nature of our own academic backgrounds as a political scientist and an education policy scholar to ground our article using sociologist Herbert Blumer’s sense of group position theory, Critical Race Theory (CRT), and Latina/o Critical Race Theory (LatCrit). Guided by this theoretical frame, we discuss the notion of education being used as a bargaining tool and a weapon with implications for Latino communities given the current political and anti-immigrant context. We highlight examples that represent various levels of government and that on the surface have a target population of immigrant adults or young adults—however, we argue that regardless of the target population, if a policy has direct implications for adult immigrants and immigration, it will have direct implications for educational institutions and the children of immigrants.
Examining the effects of probe frequency, response options, and framing within the thought-probe method

A recent surge of interest in the empirical measurement of mind-wandering has led to an increase in the use of thought-probing to measure attentional states, which has led to large variation in methodologies across studies (Weinstein in Behavior Research Methods, 50, 642-661, 2018). Three sources of variation in methodology include the frequency of thought probes during a task, the number of response options provided for each probe, and the way in which various attentional states are framed during the task instructions. Method variation can potentially affect behavioral performance on the tasks in which thought probes are embedded, the experience of various attentional states within those tasks, and/or response biases to the thought probes. Therefore, such variation can be problematic, both pragmatically and theoretically. Across three experiments, we examined how manipulating probe frequency, response options, and framing affected behavioral performance and responses to thought probes. Probe frequency and framing did not affect behavioral performance or probe responses. But, in light of the present results, we argue that thought probes need at least three responses, corresponding to on-task, off-task, and task-related interference. When researchers are specifically investigating mind-wandering, the probe responses should also distinguish between mind-wandering, external distraction, and mind-blanking.
Development and assessment of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission thermal-hydraulic system computer codes

A review is provided of the reasons why the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission needs thermal-hydraulic system computer codes, the assumptions and approximations contained within these codes, and the reasons why test data are required to assess the accuracy of the codes. Specific examples of codes and test programs are given. The use of computer codes assessed against data from scaled test facilities to predict the full-scale plant response is discussed. A method to help focus resources and the need for quantifying code uncertainties are discussed. This paper concentrates on the loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) because most of the analytical and experimental research has been concentrated in LOCAs.
Preferential settling at sites with higher conspecific density does not protect Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechia) from brood parasitism

Abstract Conspecific attraction has been found in many songbird species, but the benefit of settling near conspecifics is generally unknown. Previous research indicates that Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechia) use conspecific cues to select breeding habitat, and cluster territories more closely around experimental playbacks mimicking high conspecific density. We were interested if Yellow Warblers at sites treated with playback of high conspecific density would be more likely to detect and aggressively interact with Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), a brood parasite that often reduces the reproductive success of warblers. We found that at sites treated with playbacks of high conspecific density, more Yellow Warblers approached and alarm-called toward models of Brown-headed Cowbirds early in the season. There were fewer cowbirds at high-density treatments, but overall brood parasitism rates did not vary across density treatments.
Field evaluation of the impact of environmental conditions on concrete moisture-related shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of the environmental conditions on the moisture-related shrinkage and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete. The evaluations are based on the strain measured in a series of unrestrained shrinkage prisms during fifteen months. The prisms included four concrete mixtures containing either portland cement or calcium sulfoaluminate cement. The prisms were fabricated in the field and left outdoors so that they were subjected to natural rainfall, sun radiation, and daily and seasonal changes in air temperature and relative humidity (RH). A strain model was used to divide the deformation measured in the prisms into its thermal and moisture-related components. By doing so, the evolution of concrete moisture-related shrinkage and CTE during the fifteen-month period was back-calculated. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.998) existed between the maximum moisture-related shrinkage that was back-calculated in the outdoor prisms and the ultimate moisture-related shrinkage measured in the laboratory under constant temperature and 50 percent air RH. Because of drying, concrete CTE reached values that were up to 50 percent higher than the CTE determined in the laboratory under saturated conditions. Concrete moisture-related shrinkage and CTE systematically decreased after the rainfall events, except when the concrete was already saturated. Rainfalls, rather than air RH, controlled the re-wetting of the concrete in the field.
Automated Measurement of Lumbar Lordosis on Radiographs Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision

Study Design:Cross sectional database study.Objective:To develop a fully automated artificial intelligence and computer vision pipeline for assisted evaluation of lumbar lordosis.Methods:Lateral lu...
Chemical and Structural Elucidation of Minor Components in Simulated Hanford Low-Level Waste Glasses

This symposium marks to the month the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of the atomic age with the detonation of the world’s first fission weapons in August, 1945. To support this effort, in 1943, the first full-scale nuclear reactors and processing plants needed for the production and isolation of 239Pu were built at the Hanford Engineering Works along the Columbia River in southeastern Washington. Starting in December, 1944, the Hanford Site, as it would later be called, began processing irradiated uranium fuel elements and subsequently isolating 239Pu bearing solutions.2 Nearly thirty years of specialty nuclear materials production at Hanford as well as a concomitant generation of vast amounts of solid and liquid radioactive waste ensued. With the end of the cold war, the emphasis at the Hanford Site is now directed at remediation of these radioactive waste byproducts.
Translocation of soft phytoglycogen nanoparticles through solid-state nanochannels

Phytoglycogen nanoparticles are soft, naturally-derived nanomaterials with a highly uniform size near 35 nm. Their interior is composed of a highly-branched polysaccharide core that contains more than 200% of its dry mass in water. In this work, we measure the translocation of phytoglycogen particles by observing blockade events they create when occluding solid-state nanochannels with diameters between 60 and 100 nm. The translocation signals are interpreted using Poisson–Nernst–Planck calculations with a “hardness parameter” that describes the extent to which solvent can penetrate through the interior of the particles. Theory and experiment were found to be in quantitative agreement, allowing us to extract physical characteristics of the particles on a per particle basis.
An improved categorization of vapor bubble collapse: Explaining the coupled nature of hydrodynamic and thermal mechanisms

Abstract This work presents a numerical and theoretical analysis of the intermediate bubble collapse, where in contrast to the thermally-induced or inertia dominated collapse, both the effects of liquid-vapor interfacial heat transfer and the advection of the surrounding liquid play an important role. A key distinguishing characteristic of this type of collapse is that the interfacial temperature and bubble pressure are continuously changing throughout the collapse process. This behavior is caused by a non-negligible value for the interfacial vapor velocity, which is characterized by a magnitude of the same order as the bubble surface regression rate. This behavior is in contrast to the inertial or thermal collapse, where, in these regimes, the vapor velocity is essentially zero. Incorporating the rate of change of background system pressure, a regime map for bubble collapse is also presented where the parameter space is defined by B sat and ξ and extends the previous categorization of Florschuetz and Chao (1965) where only B eff was used. Specifically, the present work quantitatively shows that the collapse behavior changes when the process is initiated by a gradual rate of pressurization in the surrounding liquid phase instead of the often used approximation of a step change.
An Improved Vascularized, Dual-Channel Microphysiological System Facilitates Modeling of Proximal Tubular Solute Secretion

A vascularized human proximal tubule model in a dual-channel microphysiological system (VPT-MPS) was developed, representing an advance over previous, single-cell-type kidney microphysiological systems. Human proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cocultured in side-by-side channels. Over 24 h of coculturing, PTECs maintained polarized expression of Na+/K+ ATPase, tight junctions (ZO-1), and OAT1. HUVECs showed the absence of ZO-1 but expressed endothelial cell marker (CD-31). In time-lapse imaging studies, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran passed freely from the HUVEC vessel into the supporting extracellular matrix, confirming the leakiness of the endothelium (at 80 min, matrix/intravessel fluorescence ratio = 0.2). Dextran-associated fluorescence accumulated in the matrix adjacent to the basolateral aspect of the PTEC tubule with minimal passage of the compound into the tubule lumen observed (at 80 min, tubule lumen/matrix fluorescence ratio = 0.01). This demonstrates that the proximal tubule compartment is the rate-limiting step in the secretion of compounds in VPT-MPS. In kinetic studies with radiolabeled markers, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) exhibited greater output into the tubule lumen than did paracellular markers mannitol and FITC-dextran (tubule outflow/vessel outflow concentration ratio of 7.7% vs 0.5 and 0.4%, respectively). A trend toward reduced PAH secretion by 45% was observed upon coadministration of probenecid. This signifies functional expression of renal transporters in PTECs that normally mediate the renal secretion of PAH. The VPT-MPS holds the promise of providing an in vitro platform for evaluating the renal secretion of new drug candidates and investigating the dysregulation of tubular drug secretion in chronic kidney disease.
Characterization of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Single Ventricle Patients.

Background:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide crucial support for single ventricle (SV) patients at various stages of palliation. However, characterization of the utilization an...
Client memory and learning of treatment contents: An experimental study of intervention strategies and relationship to outcome in a brief treatment for procrastination.

Abstract Background and objectives Client memory and learning is limited for psychological treatment contents. This study investigated different approaches to support client memory and learning of treatment contents and the relationship between memory and learning of treatment contents and outcome. Methods Adult participants (n = 428) were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk and randomized to complete one of three versions of a one-session procrastination intervention. Two versions of the intervention included different amounts of memory support strategy types from the Memory Support Intervention. A control version did not include any types of memory support. Memory and learning of treatment contents were assessed immediately after the intervention and one week later. Procrastination and two mechanisms of procrastination (impulsiveness and self-efficacy) were assessed at baseline and one week after the intervention. Results Contrary to the hypotheses, a version of the intervention with multiple types of memory support strategies was not associated with better memory and learning of treatment contents than a version of the intervention with only one type of memory support strategy or the control intervention. Greater memory and learning of treatment contents predicted improvement in mechanisms of procrastination, but not procrastination itself. Limitations The mean level of procrastination in this study was lower than in other treatment studies of procrastination. Conclusions Results partially support the rationale for the Memory Support Intervention that improving client memory and learning of treatment contents can improve outcome. Findings suggest that the Memory Support Intervention may be simplified to include fewer strategies without compromising efficacy.
Coccidioidomycosis: The Valley Fever

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is acquired by inhalation of the arthroconidia from Coccidioides immitis or posadasii. Arid alkaline soil is the ecological reservoir for this fungus and the aerosolization of its arthroconidia in dust can result from anthropogenic or natural causes in the endemic regions. Millions of United States (US) and Latin American residents are at risk of infection with Coccidioides. In the US, the incidence of infections is increasing and the endemic range for the fungus is expanding into new territories, possibly due to climate change and an increase in natural disasters. The emergence of this disease as a growing threat is causing a substantial burden onto public health across the western hemisphere, and a vaccine and/or new antifungal therapy are needed. Here, we discuss Coccidioides early scientific history and the current state of knowledge regarding fungus’ virulence, public health impact, clinical manifestations, and treatment/vaccination for its disease.
Proximity to the Customer in Insurance 4.0

Customers have substantially changed their ways of conceiving the nature of the relationship with financial institutions. Financial institutions should not remain static in their positions. They should look forward and try to anticipate their competitors. This approach is not as easy as it seems. Companies should understand why and how their customers have changed and how they can leverage this situation to find more effective approaches, improve their interactions, and build trust-based relationships even on online proximity.