cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving Toward a Secure Attachment Style: Can Repeated Security Priming Help?

Despite the abundant literature on attachment processes and the development of a secure or insecure attachment orientation during childhood, it is still unclear whether adult attachment style can be changed through systematic interventions, and if so how the change process works. One way to learn more about such change is to create it, on a small scale, in the laboratory. It is already known that a person’s sense of security can be momentarily changed in the laboratory (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007a). But there is clearly a difference between very short-term and longer-term change. According to Bowlby (1982), the development of an attachment orientation in childhood is based on many encounters and interactions with caregivers, which gradually create a mental network of relatively stable expectations and concerns. Thus, it may take many episodes of security priming in a laboratory to begin to affect a young adult’s attachment style in a lasting way. Here, we explore this possibility, review existing evidence from our own and other researchers’ laboratories, and discuss directions for future research. Beginning in infancy, people rely on attachment figures (close relationship partners who provide protection, comfort, and support; Bowlby, 1982) when they encounter stresses, threats, or disappointments. Over time, these figures and encounters with them are internalized as mental representations, which attachment theorists call ‘working models’ (e.g., Bretherton & Munholland, 1999). These models can represent the self, key relationship partners, and major kinds of interactions with such partners. Such mental representations are associated in memory with particular emotions, motives, and goals that, taken together, form a person’s attachment style (e.g., Gillath et al., 2006; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007b). Attachment styles are thought to develop through a combination of conditioning and cognitive representation (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007b). For example, attachment figures who reliably provide safety and support in times of need reinforce the association in long-term memory between turning to them and having one’s anxiety and stress reduced. Eventually, merely calling a supportive attachment figure to mind and perhaps also
Fluorometric assay for urea in urine, plasma, and tubular fluid.

Abstract Simple and sensitive two-step fluorometric assays for urea in microliter and nanoliter samples of biologic fluid are presented. Urea was reacted with urease to release ammonia. The ammonia produced was combined with a pthalaldehyde-mercaptoethanol reagent at pH 7.4 to produce a stable fluorescent product. The fluorescence of unknowns and urea standards were measured using a filter fluorometer and compared. Fluorescent intensity of the reaction product varied linearly with urea concentration over a wide range (0–50 m m ) for both microliter and nanoliter samples. Recovery of urea when added to urine or plasma was complete.
Space-based measurements of HCl: Intercomparison and historical context

[1] The peak in stratospheric HCl was reached in the late 1990s. Between 1998 and 2004 the stratospheric loading of HCl was relatively constant, with some month to month fluctuation; this was followed by a more pronounced decrease in HCl since 2004. We use probability distribution functions (PDFs) and scatter diagrams for validation and bias characterization of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) HCl retrievals. Both these methods allow us to use large statistical samples and do not require correlative measurements to be colocated in space and time. The bias between the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Aura MLS is greatest above the 525 K (� 21 km) isentropic surface. The global average mean bias between Aura and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) for January 2005 was 2% and between Aura MLS and HALOE was 14%. The widths of the PDFs are a measure of the spatial variability and measurement precision. The Aura MLS HCl PDFs are consistently wider than those for ACE and HALOE, this reflects the retrieval uncertainties. The median observation uncertainty for Aura MLS v1.51 HCl is 12%, and the median ACE v2.2 uncertainty is 8%. We also connect Aura MLS HCl with the heritage of HALOE HCl by using neural networks to learn the interinstrument biases and provide a seamless HCl record from the launch of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in 1991 to the present.
Sensitivity of temporal moments calculated by the adjoint-state method and joint inversing of head and tracer data

Abstract Including tracer data into geostatistically based methods of inverse modeling is computationally very costly when all concentration measurements are used and the sensitivities of many observations are calculated by the direct differentiation approach. Harvey and Gorelick (Water Resour Res 1995;31(7):1615–26) have suggested the use of the first temporal moment instead of the complete concentration record at a point. We derive a computationally efficient adjoint-state method for the sensitivities of the temporal moments that require the solution of the steady-state flow equation and two steady-state transport equations for the forward problem and the same number of equations for each first-moment measurement. The efficiency of the method makes it feasible to evaluate the sensitivity matrix many times in large domains. We incorporate our approach for the calculation of sensitivities in the quasi-linear geostatistical method of inversing (“iterative cokriging”). The application to an artificial example of a tracer introduced into an injection well shows good convergence behavior when both head and first-moment data are used for inversing, whereas inversing of arrival times alone is less stable.
Werther, Frankenstein and Girardian Mediated Desire

Goethe's Werther is well known not only for being a reader of texts (The Odyssey, Emilia Galotti, Ossian, etc.), but also for being a “bad” or “mis”‐reader of them. He frequently misses the main po...
Design and verification tools for continuous fluid flow-based microfluidic devices

This paper describes an integrated design, verification, and simulation environment for programmable microfluidic devices called laboratories-on-chip (LoCs). Today's LoCs are architected and laid out by hand, which is time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone. To increase designer productivity, this paper introduces a Microfluidic Hardware Design Language (MHDL) for LoC specification, along with software tools to assist LoC designers verify the correctness of their specifications and estimate their performance.
Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable-isotope probing in an aged, PAH-contaminated soil.

To determine whether the diversity of pyrene-degrading bacteria in an aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil is affected by the addition of inorganic nutrients or by slurrying the soil, various incubation conditions (all including phosphate buffer) were examined by mineralization studies and stable-isotope probing (SIP). The addition of nitrogen to either continuously mixed slurry or static field-wet soil incubations increased the rate and extent of mineralization of [14C]pyrene, with the most rapid mineralization observed in slurried, nitrogen-amended soil. Microcosms of slurry and static field-wet soil amended with nitrogen were also examined by SIP with [U-13C]pyrene. Recovered 13C-enriched deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was analyzed by denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene clone libraries. DGGE profiles of 13C-enriched DNA fractions from both incubation conditions were similar, suggesting that pyrene-degrading bacterial community diversity may be independent of treatment method. The vast majority (67 of 71) of the partial sequences recovered from clone libraries were greater than or equal to 97% similar to one another, 98% similar to sequences of pyrene-degrading bacteria previously detected by SIP with pyrene in different soil, and only 89% similar to the closest cultivated genus. All of the sequences recovered from the field-wet incubation and most of the sequences recovered from the slurry incubation were in this clade. Of the four sequences from slurry incubations not within this clade, three possessed greater than 99% similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of phylogenetically dissimilar Caulobacter spp.
Secondary shoulder reconstruction in patients with brachial plexus injuries.

Summary Restoration of shoulder stability in post-traumatic plexopathy patients is very important because more distal functions depend on a stable and functioning shoulder. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with secondary surgeries in patients with devastating paralysis. Functional outcomes were analyzed in relation to age, severity score and type of reconstruction. The medical records of 55 post-traumatic plexopathy patients who underwent secondary shoulder reconstruction, by a single surgeon, between 1978 and 2006, were reviewed. 55 patients had 73 procedures, 44 for shoulder abduction and 29 for external rotation. 38 patients underwent secondary surgery to augment shoulder abduction. Trapezius advancement was performed in 14 patients, double free muscle transfer in18, free latissimus dorsi in 4 and triceps muscle transfer in 2 patients. 26 patients had secondary procedures for enhancement of shoulder external rotation. Dynamic rerouting of latissimus dorsi and teres major was carried out in 18 patients and rotational humerus osteotomy in 11 patients. All patients had improvement of shoulder stability and function. Shoulder abduction reached 40.80 ± 15.93 and external rotation at 24.28 ± 17.90°. Trapezius advancement yielded 41.81 ± 9.02° of abduction. Latissimus dorsi yielded stronger shoulder abduction than adductor longus. Rerouting of latissimus dorsi and teres major attained 22.33 ± 20.31° of dynamic external rotation while humerus osteotomy produced 26.87 ± 10.32 of external rotation. Secondary procedures such as pedicle and free muscles transfers, tendon transfers, and rotational humerus osteotomy augment shoulder stability and function in patients with irreparable paralysis.
Media Selection by Linear Programming

The authors present a general media mix model which assumes linear response and illustrate how the model can be modified to accommodate nonlinearity while still using the revised simplex method as a solution algorithm.
Muon Capture in(pμd)+Molecules

The ${(p\ensuremath{\mu}d)}^{+}$ molecules and $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atoms formed in liquid hydrogen were used to detect neutrons from muon capture by deuterons and from muon capture by ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. In the experiment, a purified muon beam was stopped in a target containing ultra-pure liquid hydrogen with 0.32% deuterium added. Neutron-gamma-ray discriminating detectors and oscilloscope photography enabled us to measure the time distribution of neutrons from the following rare muon-capture processes: ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+2n,$ ${{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\mathrm{He}}^{3},\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+n+d}{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+2n+p}$. Knowledge of the time distributions of the various ${(p\ensuremath{\mu}d)}^{+}$ hyperfine states and of the $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atoms was used to unravel the various muon-capture rates of interest. Converted to the $\ensuremath{\mu}d$ atom case, the measured rate gives 365\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}96 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for muon capture from the doublet state of $\ensuremath{\mu}d$. This is to be compared with the theoretical rate of 334 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ predicted by the current phenomenological muon-capture theory; and it provides the simplest verification of the Pauli exclusion-principle effect in muon capture. The neutron rate from muon capture by ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ was determined to be (1.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Interpersonal Factors and Late‐Life Depression

An extensive literature about young and middle-aged adults has documented that interpersonal factors increase risk for depression and that depression has deleterious effects on social and family relationships. However, social and family relationships play an important role in the depressed patient's recovery. We know much less about the interpersonal dimensions of depression in late-life than in younger age groups. In this paper, we review studies of interpersonal factors and depression in mixed-age groups. We then examine studies of late-life depression including interpersonal risk factors, daily and social functioning, family issues, interpersonal predictors of the course of illness, and interventions to improve marital and family functioning in depression. We conclude with suggestions for future research and the clinical implications of work in this area.
Ergodicity and the ‘scale effect’

Abstract Solute plume spreading in an aquifer exhibits a ‘scale effect’ if the second spatial concentration moment of a plume has a non-constant time-derivative. Stochastic approaches to modeling this scale effect often rely on the critical assumption that ensemble averages can be equated to spatial averages measured in a single field experiment. This ergodicity assumption should properly be evaluated in a strictly dynamical context, and this is done in the present paper. For the important case of trace plume convection by steady groundwater flow in an isotropic, heterogeneous aquifer, ergodicity does not obtain because of the existence of an invariant function on stream surfaces that is not uniform throughout the aquifer. The implications of this result for stochastic models of solute transport are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Electrospinning of superconducting YBCO nanowires

YBa2Cu3O7?? (YBCO) nanowires with critical transition temperature Tc?=?91.7 K were synthesized by an electrospinning process with the use of sol?gel precursors. A homogeneous polymeric solution containing Y, Ba, and Cu acetates was electrospun, resulting in collections of randomly oriented nanowires as well as bundles of aligned nanowires. Fully crystallized YBCO nanowires were obtained after calcination at temperatures as low as 820 ?C. The morphology, microstructure, and crystal structure were investigated, and the diameters of the polycrystalline nanowires varied between 120 and 550 nm depending on the viscosity of the precursors. Thinner individual wires, with diameters in the 50?80 nm range, were synthesized with a single grain structure across the entire wire cross-section.
AFM-Based Testing and Measurements of Contact and Stiction in a Micromechanical Switch

Cycling of a micromechanical switch with gold-on-gold contacts demonstrates that the contact resistance decreases and the adherence force increases. An experimental setup using a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) is allowing the fundamental physics of this behavior to be better understood. The setup includes two side-by-side cantilevers — one of high stiffness which applies the repeated loading and the other a standard profiling cantilever allowing in-situ measurements of topographical changes.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Olanzapine and clozapine increase the GABAergic neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone in rodents.

The neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone is a potent γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor modulator with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Olanzapine and clozapine also have anxiolytic-like effects in behavioral models. We therefore postulated that olanzapine and clozapine would elevate allopregnanolone levels, but risperidone and haloperidol would have minimal effects. Male rats received intraperitoneal olanzapine (2.5–10.0 mg/kg), clozapine (5.0–20.0 mg/kg), risperidone (0.1–1.0 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1–1.0 mg/kg), or vehicle. Cerebral cortical allopregnanolone and peripheral progesterone and corticosterone levels were determined. Adrenalectomized animals were also examined. Both olanzapine and clozapine increased cerebral cortical allopregnanolone levels, but neither risperidone nor haloperidol had significant effects. Olanzapine and clozapine also increased serum progesterone and corticosterone levels. Adrenalectomy prevented olanzapine- and clozapine-induced elevations in allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone induction may contribute to olanzapine and clozapine anxiolytic, antidepressant, and mood-stabilizing actions. Alterations in this neuroactive steroid may result in the modulation of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, potentially contributing to antipsychotic efficacy.
Higgs underproduction at the LHC

We show that production of the Higgs boson through gluon-fusion may be suppressed in the presence of colored scalars. Substantial destructive interference between the top-quark diagrams and colored scalar diagrams is possible due to cancellations between the real (and also imaginary) parts of the amplitudes. As an example, we consider a color-octet scalar that has a negative, order-one coupling to the Higgs doublet. We find that gluon fusion can be suppressed by more than an order of magnitude when the scalar mass is below a few hundred GeV, while milder suppressions occur for larger scalar masses or smaller couplings. Thus, the standard model extended with only one particle can evade the full range of present LHC exclusion limits on the Higgs mass. The colored scalars, however, would be produced in pairs with a large rate at the LHC, leading to multijet final states to which the LHC experiments are now becoming sensitive.
Hadwiger's conjecture for quasi-line graphs

A graph G is a quasi-line graph if for every vertex v ∈ V(G), the set of neighbors of v in G can be expressed as the union of two cliques. The class of quasi-line graphs is a proper superset of the class of line graphs. Hadwiger's conjecture states that if a graph G is not t-colorable then it contains Kt + 1 as a minor. This conjecture has been proved for line graphs by Reed and Seymour. We extend their result to all quasi-line graphs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 17–33, 2008 This research was conducted while the author served as a Clay Mathematics Institute Research Fellow. Part of the research was conducted at Princeton University.
Temporal genetic structure of an intergrade largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) population

Since 1972, numerous impoundments throughout Texas have been stocked with Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus. In order to examine some of the long-term effects of such efforts, the present study summarizes past studies and complements those with more current observations on the intergrade largemouth bass population in Aquilla Lake, Hill Country, Texas. The reservoir received 4 annual stockings during the month of May from 1982 to 1985. Collections occurred periodically from February 1984 to June 1987, February to August 1988, and monthly from August 1991 to November 1992. Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was conducted to determine allele frequencies at loci sAAT-B*, SOD*1. Mean heterozygosity and percent introgression were highest for age-0 fish of the 1986 year class. Assortative mating was not apparent in 1991 or 1992 year classes. Collections of specific year classes over time consistently indicated decreases in the relative abundance of the northern phenotype. Relative to the northern phenotype, the abundance of Florida year classes remained relatively constant over time. Relative abundances of F1 hybrids and Fx, intergrades (i. e., F1) from specific year glasses were observed to generally increase with age.
Endovascular Management of Subacute Lower Extremity Ischemia

Patients presenting with >14 days lower extremity ischemia are usually considered as chronic; however, patients with subacute (>14 days and 3 months) occlusions often have organizing thrombus. This is not considered in current recommendations for the treatment of nonacute leg ischemia and, with the increased use of endovascular interventions, more complex lesions with long occlusions are treated percutaneously. Thrombolysis alone has been reported to successfully decrease this clot load in a significant proportion of patients with subacute occlusions, and percutaneous thrombectomy devices were suggested as a means to decrease the hemorrhagic complications associated with thrombolysis. However, distal embolization remains a problem, which these interventions are intended to prevent. In this article, we aim to review the current literature on the endovascular treatment of patients with subacute arterial occlusions, and review our experience.
Kinship, greenbeards, and runaway social selection in the evolution of social insect cooperation

Social Hymenoptera have played a leading role in development and testing of kin selection theory. Inclusive fitness models, following from Hamilton's rule, successfully predict major life history characteristics, such as biased sex investment ratios and conflict over parentage of male offspring. However, kin selection models poorly predict patterns of caste-biasing nepotism and reproductive skew within groups unless kin recognition constraints or group-level selection is also invoked. These successes and failures mirror the underlying kin recognition mechanisms. With reliable environmental cues, such as the sex of offspring or the origin of male eggs, predictions are supported. When only genetic recognition cues are potentially available, predictions are not supported. Mathematical simulations demonstrate that these differing mechanisms for determining kinship produce very different patterns of behavior. Decisions based on environmental cues for relatedness result in a robust mixture of cooperation and noncooperation depending on whether or not Hamilton's rule is met. In contrast, cooperation evolves under a wider range of conditions and to higher frequencies with genetic kin recognition as shared greenbeard traits. This "excess of niceness" matches the existing patterns in caste bias and reproductive skew; individuals often help others at an apparent cost to their inclusive fitness. The results further imply a potential for greenbeard-type kin recognition to create arbitrary runaway social selection for shared genetic traits. Suggestive examples in social evolution may be alloparental care and unicoloniality in ants. Differences in kin recognition mechanisms also can have consequences for maintenance of advantageous genetic diversity within populations.
On the Varieties of Empathic Experience: Tactility, Mental Opacity, and Pain in Yap

This article argues that empathy should be considered a multimodal process that not only involves perception, intellection, affect, and imagination but also the bodily and sensory aspects of lived experience. The problem of empathy in anthropological, philosophical, and therapeutic contexts is discussed and a phenomenological approach to empathic experience is advanced. An outline of local orientations to empathy on the island of Yap is provided. The place of pain, tactility, and empathy in the context of a local healer's therapeutic practice is detailed, and a series of specific therapeutic interactions are analyzed. It is argued that local moral orientations to suffering require the healer to rely on alternate modalities of empathic discernment in her attempts to gain access to what her patients are feeling and how their treatment is progressing through time.
Physical law and the quest for mathematical understanding

The theoretical physics of the first quarter of the twentieth century -centering around relativity theory and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics-has had a broad influence mathematically. The main achievement of theoretical physics in the following half-century was the development of quantum field theory or QFT. Yet the mathematical influence of QFT still belongs largely to the 21st century, because its mathematical foundations are still not well-understood.
A prospective analysis of body size during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is poorly understood. Obesity is associated with inflammation, a cytokine milieu conducive to lymphocyte proliferation, and has been associated with NHL risk in some epidemiologic studies. To prospectively examine NHL risk in relation to adult and earlier life obesity, we documented 635 incident NHL diagnoses among 46,390 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 1,254 diagnoses among 116,794 women in the Nurses9 Health Study over 22 to 32 years of follow-up. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated cohort-specific incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of NHL and major histologic subtypes associated with cumulative average middle and young adult (ages, 18–21 years) body mass index (BMI) and adolescent and childhood somatotype. NHL risk was modestly increased in men (but not women) with a cumulative average middle adult BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (vs. 15–22.9 kg/m2; RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92–1.77; Ptrend = 0.05). In meta-analyses across cohorts, higher young adult BMI was associated with increased risk of all NHL (pooled RR per 5 kg/m2, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.37), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and follicular lymphoma (all Ptrend ≤ 0.02). Adolescent somatotype was also positively associated with all NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma in pooled analyses (all Ptrend ≤ 0.03), whereas childhood somatotype was positively associated with NHL overall among women only (Ptrend
Asthma Pattern Identification via Continuous Diaphragm Motion Monitoring

Ultrasound imaging has been widely used in bio-medical imaging diagnosis for a long history because of its merits: no radiation, high penetration depth, and real-time imagingcapability. In this paper, we propose an ultrasound-based system that monitors respiratory status of asthma subjects via detecting of diaphragm movement. This system implements Chan-Vese algorithm to accurately segment diaphragm area from ultrasound image sequences and extracts 1D breathing waveform by computing mutual information (MI) between two consecutive ultrasound frames. In addition, four types of respiratory signals are identified: normal breath, fast breath, apnoea, and cough, which are related to four symptoms of asthma attack and defined as the breathing templates used for early asthma detection. In experiments, the proposed system is evaluated with a public dataset from “Ultrasound image gallery” which contains nine ultrasound videos and our dataset collected by “Interson Seemore” probe which contains five ultrasound videos in the diaphragm area. The results show that Chan-Vese segmentation method is superior to the other three algorithms: adaptive thresholding, EM/MPM, and Fuzzy C Means (FCM), and MI is a feasible method to extract accurate respiratory signal and clear information of the phase of respiratory cycle from 2D images.
Space-time as a lattice of harmonic oscillators : quantitatively deriving relativity, mass, and gravitation

The microscopic structure of space and time is investigated. It is proposed that space and time of an inertial observer $\Sigma$ are most conveniently described as a crystal lattice $\Lambda$, with nodes representing measurement `tickmarks' and connected by independent quantized harmonic oscillators which vibrate more severely the faster $\Sigma$ moves with respect to the object being measured (as due to the Uncertainty Principle). The Lorentz transformation of Special Relativity is be derived. Further, mass is understood as a localized region $\Delta \Lambda$ having higher vibration temperature than that of the ambient lattice. The effect of relativistic mass increase may then be calculated without appealing to energy-momentum conservation. The origin of gravitation is shown to be simply a transport of energy from the boundary of $\Delta \Lambda$ outwards by lattice phonon conduction, as the system tends towards equilibrium. Application to a single point mass leads readily to the Schwarzschild metric, while a new solution is available for two point masses - a situation where General Relativity is too complicated to work with. The important consequence is that inertial observers who move at relative speeds too close to $c$ are no longer linked by the Lorentz transformation, because the lattice of the `moving' observer has already disintegrated into a liquid state.
The role of conventional research methods in information systems action research

Action research has for many years been promoted and practiced as one way to conduct empirical research within the Information Systems discipline. While the approach can lead to highly relevant contributions, researchers are warned against the many risks involved in action research.Based on successful cases of Information Systems action research we explore the role played by conventional research methods in developing and presenting research contributions. The cases suggest that action research lends itself strongly toward multi-method approaches and facilitates the creation of multicontribution projects. We identify two approaches to mixing action research and conventional research methods—the planned and the emergent approaches—and we argue that action research can be adopted in ways that are no more risky than other conventional approaches to Information Systems research.
The vicissitudes of aggression in a toddler: a clinical contribution.

Clinical material from the analyses of young children may be particularly useful in understanding the vicissitudes of the aggressive drive. In this paper, the psychoanalytic work with Teddy, a boy with aggressive and angry behavior, is presented to illustrate several important, intertwining and determining factors involved in the expression of his aggressive drive. These include traumatic events, his relationship with his parents and his dread of the strength of his instincts. When the child's experience includes the lack of external control of his impulses, he may be more predisposed to violent behavior The importance of the stage of ego development at the time of trauma is also emphasized. Language: en
Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Facts from Macedonia

The aim of this study is to empirically test the export-led growth hypothesis in the Republic of Macedonia, as small and open economy. In other words, the question trailed is whether by export promotion the country could impinge on its overall economic development. For that purpose, quarterly data for the period 1998-2006 are plugged into the production function, in which the exports variable plays dominant role, utilized in cointegration testing and vector error correction model. The core findings are supportive to the ELG in Macedonia in the short- and long-run simultaneously. Also, gross capital formation is significant in explaining growth in Macedonia.
Oral Histories and Service Learning to Promote Geriatric Competence, Comfort, and Career Interest

Gathering oral histories allows BSW students to learn and apply person-centered care principles through individualized social engagement with older adults. Thirty-three undergraduates enrolled in generalist practice took part in a semester long service-learning project gathering oral histories of older adults. A mixedmethods pre/post quasi-experimental design with a comparison group of BSW students engaged in service-learning in other settings evaluated the effects on student attainment of geriatric social work competencies, comfort engaging with older adults, and career interest. Relative to the comparison group, oral history students demonstrated statistically significant gains in values, assessment, intervention, and aging services geriatric competence. Competence related to values had the strongest effect size. Student comfort with older adults and career interest did not change. Although analysis of students’ critical reflections indicated that learning to communicate with cognitively impaired older ...
Competitive measures

It is argued that technology will not advance as freely as before unless more attention is paid to metrology. The importance of measurement standards and the precarious state of research are examined. The desire of companies to realize standards in their own laboratories with accuracies approaching those of the fundamental standards is discussed. Electrical, dimensional, and time metrology are considered. >
Obesity and overweight as CAE comorbidities and differential drug response modifiers

Objective: This study examined whether overweight and obesity are pretreatment comorbidities and predictors of short-term drug response in newly diagnosed untreated childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). We also examined whether dietary intake accounts for observed pretreatment body mass index (BMI) distribution. Methods: Pretreatment height and weight were available for 445 of 446 participants in the NIH-funded CAE comparative effectiveness trial (NCT00088452). Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected. Calculated BMI and dietary intake were standardized for age, sex, and race/ethnicity and compared to age-matched US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression models tested BMI as a predictor of treatment response. Pharmacokinetic variables were explored as contributors to differential drug response. Results: After standardizing for demographic differences, children with CAE were more likely to be overweight (19.3% vs 13.8%; p p p p = 0.04) and daily carbohydrate intake (difference −10.7 g/day, p = 0.04) were lower in the CAE group than in NHANES controls. With increasing baseline BMI z score, the efficacy and effectiveness of ethosuximide and valproic acid over lamotrigine became more pronounced, despite no significant differences in drug exposure and trough levels. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent in children with newly diagnosed CAE than in age-matched peers, despite lower caloric and carbohydrate intake. Baseline BMI may also predict differential drug response, which cannot be attributed to pharmacokinetic differences.
Inhibition of Diabetogenic Action of Alloxan.

SummaryIt was attempted to inhibit the selective destructive effect of alloxan on islet cells and the resultant blood sugar changes by administration of substances that combine chemically with alloxan or that inhibit some of its chemical actions. Of these substances 3,4-diaminotoluene, orthophenylenediamine, and sodium bisulfite exhibited definite inhibitory effects.
Political ecology II Engagements with ecology

This report provides an update to Peter Walker’s 2005 report that questioned the degree to which political ecologists substantively incorporate ecology in their analyses. Since the publication of this article, a range of scholars have characterized political ecology as unengaged with ecology. This report documents a range of engagements with ecology (or the nonhuman biophysical world more generally) by work strongly influenced by or aligned with political ecology in the realms of environmental politics and the political economy of environmental change. This brief review demonstrates that, while representing a minority of political ecology scholarship, work variously engaging with ecology remains an active and fertile area. The report concludes with a cautionary note that portrayals of political ecology as inhospitable to ecological engagement could actually lead to an erosion of such scholarship. Such an erosion would have severe consequences for the human-and-environment field more generally since politi...
Qualitative Interviews With Science Communication Trainers About Communication Objectives and Goals

Qualitative interviews with science communication trainers (n = 24) on the role of objectives and goals in training efforts suggest that trainers believe that scientists come to training with a range of long-term goals in mind. However, trainers appear to focus on teaching communication skills and are relatively unlikely to focus on identifying specific communication objectives as a means of achieving scientists’ goals. The communication objective that trainers consistently report emphasizing is knowledge building. Other potential objectives such as fostering excitement, building trust, and reframing issues were rarely raised. Research aimed at helping trainers foster strategic communication capacity is proposed.
GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN STATISTICS - A DISCUSSION

Publisher Summary Little has been said about the details of curricula or specific course sequences for graduate training in statistics. Some efforts have been made through the years, usually for a more elementary level. Snedecor discussed a basic course in statistics. The Panel on Statistics of the Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics made recommendations on a course defined as introductory statistics without calculus. Statisticians should be trained to be scientists. An inquisitive scientific attitude should be developed in students of statistics; they should be oriented to become professionals in an important viable profession. Sound theoretical training should be provided in probability and statistical inference; training should be introduced in data management and data analysis, and students should be motivated toward cooperative research through statistical consulting. The students of statistics should be trained so that they maintain intellectual growth throughout their careers.
Mice Lacking the Alpha9 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Exhibit Deficits in Frequency Difference Limens and Sound Localization.

Sound processing in the cochlea is modulated by cholinergic efferent axons arising from medial olivocochlear neurons in the brainstem. These axons contact outer hair cells in the mature cochlea and inner hair cells during development and activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of α9 and α10 subunits. The α9 subunit is necessary for mediating the effects of acetylcholine on hair cells as genetic deletion of the α9 subunit results in functional cholinergic de-efferentation of the cochlea. Cholinergic modulation of spontaneous cochlear activity before hearing onset is important for the maturation of central auditory circuits. In α9KO mice, the developmental refinement of inhibitory afferents to the lateral superior olive is disturbed, resulting in decreased tonotopic organization of this sound localization nucleus. In this study, we used behavioral tests to investigate whether the circuit anomalies in α9KO mice correlate with sound localization or sound frequency processing. Using a conditioned lick suppression task to measure sound localization, we found that three out of four α9KO mice showed impaired minimum audible angles. Using a prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response paradigm, we found that the ability of α9KO mice to detect sound frequency changes was impaired, whereas their ability to detect sound intensity changes was not. These results demonstrate that cholinergic, nicotinic α9 subunit mediate, transmission in the developing cochlear plays an important role in the maturation of hearing.
The impact of peri-operative dexamethasone administration on the normal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal response to major surgical procedures.

Surgical procedures are associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Studies examining HPA dynamics peri-operatively are limited and the modulating influence of peri-operatively administered glucocorticoids on that is not well established. This investigation examined alterations in HPA function and the impact of dexamethasone (DEX) administration during the peri-operative period. We examined HPA function in 297 patients with normal function who had surgical procedures including pituitary mass resection (n = 191), craniotomy (n = 17) and other thoracic/ abdominal/ pelvic surgeries (n = 89). HPA function was assessed by frequent measurements of parameters defining adrenal function: ACTH, cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S levels for 48 h. DEX was administered as a single dose (2–10 mg) to 30 and as multiple doses (12–36 mg) to 21 patients. The data of DEX-treated subjects within each group were similar and were combined together. Pre-operative data were similar for patients having different surgical procedures. Without DEX exposure, ACTH increased to 225 ± 100 ng/L at 2–4 h and gradually declined to baseline values by 36 h while cortisol levels peaked (39.2 ± 13.2 ug/dL) at 6–8 h declining gradually thereafter. Cortisol rise was paralleled by an equimolar increase in DHEA and a subsequent increase in DHEA-S levels. Single doses of DEX did not influence ACTH or cortisol secretion but suppressed the expected rise in DHEA and DHEA-S levels. Multiple doses of DEX suppressed ACTH and cortisol after the 15th postoperative hour and completely blocked the expected rise in DHEA and DHEA-S levels. The data provide a detailed overview of HPA function in a large number of subjects who had major surgical procedures. Single and large doses of DEX did not suppress ACTH or cortisol secretion but suppressed adrenal androgen secretion. It took multiple doses of DEX to partially suppress ACTH and cortisol secretion in the peri-operative period.
Frontiers of Science of Information: Shannon Meets Turing

The authors’ vision for a Science of Information integrates key elements of Shannon and Turing postulates into an overarching framework for data analytics, privacy, and security that provides the critically needed formal basis for data science.
Identification of SLAC1 anion channel residues required for CO2/bicarbonate sensing and regulation of stomatal movements

Increases in CO2 concentration in plant leaves due to respiration in the dark and the continuing atmospheric [CO2] rise cause closing of stomatal pores, thus affecting plant–water relations globally. However, the underlying CO2/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3−) sensing mechanisms remain unknown. [CO2] elevation in leaves triggers stomatal closure by anion efflux mediated via the SLAC1 anion channel localized in the plasma membrane of guard cells. Previous reconstitution analysis has suggested that intracellular bicarbonate ions might directly up-regulate SLAC1 channel activity. However, whether such a CO2/HCO3− regulation of SLAC1 is relevant for CO2 control of stomatal movements in planta remains unknown. Here, we computationally probe for candidate bicarbonate-interacting sites within the SLAC1 anion channel via long-timescale Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations. Mutations of two putative bicarbonate-interacting residues, R256 and R321, impaired the enhancement of the SLAC1 anion channel activity by CO2/HCO3− in Xenopus oocytes. Mutations of the neighboring charged amino acid K255 and residue R432 and the predicted gate residue F450 did not affect HCO3− regulation of SLAC1. Notably, gas-exchange experiments with slac1-transformed plants expressing mutated SLAC1 proteins revealed that the SLAC1 residue R256 is required for CO2 regulation of stomatal movements in planta, but not for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closing. Patch clamp analyses of guard cells show that activation of S-type anion channels by CO2/HCO3−, but not by ABA, was impaired, indicating the relevance of R256 for CO2 signal transduction. Together, these analyses suggest that the SLAC1 anion channel is one of the physiologically relevant CO2/HCO3− sensors in guard cells.
A Method for High-Throughput Robotic Assembly of Three-Dimensional Vascular Tissue

An essential step toward commercializing engineered tissues is to scale-up and automate their production. This presents a challenge for self-assembled tissues that are fragile at early time points ...
The Impact of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use on Sexual Anxiety, Satisfaction, and Esteem Among Gay and Bisexual Men

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) with heightened fears of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition have reported high levels of sexual anxiety and low sexual self-esteem. Similarly, sexual satisfac...
The Role of Apolipoprotein E in Modulating the Metabolism of Apolipoprotein B-48 and Apolipoprotein B-100 Containing Lipoproteins in Humans

ApoE* is a glycoprotein of 299 amino acids which is associated primarily with VLDL and HDL in human plasma (1,2). It is a polymorphic protein with three common alleles inherited in a co-dominant fashion (3,4), the most common allele coding for apoE3. Homozygosity for this allele is present in approximately 60% of normal subjects, and this is considered to be the normal phenotype (5). Two other common alleles, which code for apoE2 and apoE4, differ from apoE3 by only one amino acid each (6). The allelic frequency of each of these two alleles is approximately 10–15%. Homozygosity for the apoE2 allele is associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia (3,4) while apoE4 is associated with type V hyperlipoproteinemia (7). Previous investigations have demonstrated that apoE2 is catabolized abnormally slowly in vivo (8) and has a reduced binding affinity for cellular receptors (9). ApoE4 has a normal cellular receptor binding activity when compared to apoE3 (9). The results of these and other studies have led to the proposal that apoE has a major role in modulating the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles from the intestine.
Nursing students' attitudes toward research: An integrative review

Abstract Objective This paper describes the state of the science related to undergraduate nursing students' attitudes toward research. Design The updated integrative review method was used to systematically examine the published nursing literature about students' attitudes toward nursing research. Data sources Data sources for this review included: the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center databases. Review methods Database searches identified 207 articles. Abstracts were screened for relevance, and, if appropriate, the full article was obtained and reviewed. Ancestral searches of reference lists yielded an additional 29 articles, thus a total of 236 articles were screened for this review. Results This comprehensive screening process yielded a total of 11 quantitative, 2 qualitative, and 2 mixed method studies about undergraduate nursing students' attitudes toward research. Conclusions Nursing students have generally positive attitudes toward research and see the value of research to professional nursing practice. Engaging in a research course or other active research-related activity improves attitudes toward nursing research. More rigorous study is warranted to determine best teaching/learning strategies to enhance students' perceptions of research. Future research is also needed to gain a better understanding of the demographic, academic, and program factors that affect nursing students' attitudes toward nursing research.