cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Harvard-MIT BNCT Program

The clinical use of BNCT originated in Boston largely through the efforts of Dr. William Sweet at the Massachusetts General Hospital and his collaborators at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The early clinical trials were for patients with primary brain tumors but were unsuccessful largely due to the poor biodistribution of 10B and thermal neutron beams that had limited penetration into tissue. Clinical and basic researchers recognized there would have to be a dramatic improvement in the amount of 10B delivered to a tumor as well as an improvement in the biodistribution, i.e., an increase in the tumor to normal tissue ratio, before clinical studies could be resumed. In addition, nuclear engineers and physicists realized epithermal beams needed to be developed that would obviate many of the physical limitations inherent in the thermal beams that had previously been used. The culmination of this multifaceted preclinical work in biology, physics, 10B quantification, treatment planning, and epithermal beam design was in September 1994 when the first human subject was irradiaied with epithcrmal nculton BNCT at the MIT Nuclear Reaclor Laboratory. This subject was irradiated to the plantar surface of the foot following the administration of oral p-boronophenylalanine (BPA); two weeks later another patient wiih glioblastoma received a single field of epithermal neutron irradiation al BNL, with iniravenously adminisiered BPA-fructose as a 10B carrier. Since then a number of clinical trials that are primarily phase I in natute have been conducted or are currently in progress at both insiitutions with epithermal neutton beams.1 Over 60 subjects have been irradiaied. the majority to the cranium for glioblasioma multiforme and in addition, 4 subjects have been irradiaied to 5 sites at MIT for melanoma of the extremity.
Asymptotically Optimal Pruning for Nonholonomic Nearest-Neighbor Search

Nearest-Neighbor Search (NNS) arises as a key component of sampling-based motion planning algorithms and it is known as their asymptotic computational bottleneck. Algorithms for exact Nearest-Neighbor Search rely on explicit distance comparisons to different extents. However, in motion planning, evaluating distances is generally a computationally demanding task, since the metric is induced by the minumum cost of steering a dynamical system between states. In the presence of driftless nonholonomic constraints, we propose efficient pruning techniques for the $k$ -d tree algorithm that drastically reduce the number of distance evaluations performed during a query. These techniques exploit computationally convenient lower and upper bounds to the geodesic distance of the corresponding sub-Riemannian geometry. Based on asymptotic properties of the reachable sets, we show that the proposed pruning techniques are optimal, modulo a constant factor, and we provide experimental results with the Reeds-Shepp vehicle model.
The Effect of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Curriculum on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Performance.

Purpose Over the years, a few types of combined oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS)–MD residency curricula have evolved that differ in how the MD is integrated. The purpose of this study was to look for a difference in United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) Step 1 pass rates among these different curricula. Materials and Methods An anonymous electronic survey was e-mailed to the directors of all 46 United States–based OMS-MD–integrated programs, querying OMS curriculum type and USMLE Step 1 results over the years 2007-2017. Programs were then characterized by the curriculum sequence, whether USMLE Step 1 was taken before or after starting medical school, and the amount of dedicated test preparation time. Results Of 46 OMS-MD program directors, 32 (70%) responded. No statistically significant difference in the USMLE Step 1 pass rate was found among the 4 main types of OMS-MD curricula (range, 89 to 95%; P = .06). Completing some part of medical school before taking USMLE Step 1 also had no effect on OMS residents' pass rates (94% vs 92%, P = .23). However, an increasing number of weeks of dedicated test preparation time was significantly correlated with increasing USMLE Step 1 pass rates (87% with no dedicated test preparation time, increasing to 96% with ≥6 weeks of dedicated test preparation time; P = .05). Finally, only 7 of 806 total residents (0.9%) dropped out of a program because of the inability to pass USMLE Step 1. Conclusions The data show a high overall USMLE Step 1 pass rate with a direct correlation between the duration of dedicated test preparation time and pass rate. No difference in USMLE Step 1 pass rates was observed based on the sequence of OMS-MD–integrated curricula or the completion of some pre-USMLE medical school before USMLE Step 1 among OMS residents.
Experimental support for alternative attractors on coral reefs

Ecological theory predicts that ecosystems with multiple basins of attraction can get locked in an undesired state, which has profound ecological and management implications. Despite their significance, alternative attractors have proven to be challenging to detect and characterize in natural communities. On coral reefs, it has been hypothesized that persistent coral-to-macroalgae “phase shifts” that can result from overfishing of herbivores and/or nutrient enrichment may reflect a regime shift to an alternate attractor, but, to date, the evidence has been equivocal. Our field experiments in Moorea, French Polynesia, revealed the following: (i) hysteresis existed in the herbivory–macroalgae relationship, creating the potential for coral–macroalgae bistability at some levels of herbivory, and (ii) macroalgae were an alternative attractor under prevailing conditions in the lagoon but not on the fore reef, where ambient herbivory fell outside the experimentally delineated region of hysteresis. These findings help explain the different community responses to disturbances between lagoon and fore reef habitats of Moorea over the past several decades and reinforce the idea that reversing an undesired shift on coral reefs can be difficult. Our experimental framework represents a powerful diagnostic tool to probe for multiple attractors in ecological systems and, as such, can inform management strategies needed to maintain critical ecosystem functions in the face of escalating stresses.
100.24 Predictors for 30-Day Readmissions in Patients Admitted With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock: A 5-Year Nationwide Analysis

Management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (STEMI-CS) has evolved in the last decade. There is a paucity of data on readmissions in this study population. We aim to assess the burden and predictors of 30-day readmissions in this population This is a
Acculturation Profiles of Central Florida Puerto Ricans: Examining the Influence of Skin Color, Perceived Ethnic-Racial Discrimination, and Neighborhood Ethnic-Racial Composition:

Evaluating sociocultural factors that may influence acculturation strategies rather than assuming homogeneity among different Latinx ethnic groups is important. A latent profile analysis with covar...
Scripted Cooperation and Knowledge Map Supplements

AbstractThis study examined the independent and interactive effects of supplement format (knowledge map vs. text vs. no supplement) and strategy (cooperative learning vs. cooperative teaching vs. individual study) on learning. After training and practice sessions, subjects studied a science and math passage over which they were tested. Two individual difference measures were also taken and combined into a general ability score. Repeated-measures analysis of variance of the recall variables indicated that (a) high ability subjects outperformed low ability subjects, and (b) cooperative learning with map supplements had a mutually facilitative effect on the low ability subjects’ recall.
El espacio formativo en la danza clásica: Una reflexión filosófica

In the world of dance in general and in classical dance in particular, space determines the borderline reality in which the dancer performs the most exact anthropotechnical practices and where the interpretive forces take place (also known as duende, artistic projection and / or artistry). The human being confronts the space that inhabits. But not only the spaces (as structures), also the things that coexist inside the spaces sustain the reality of human beings, that is why it is important to reflect on them. In the case of classical dance, these things serve as working tools, they are the bar, the mirror, the floor, the work clothes, the shoes and the resin, for pointing out the most important ones. In this work, I make a philosophical reflection on the influence and meaning that these work tools acquire throughout the formative years of ballet dancers.
Empirical Characterization of Vertical Channel in Underwater Visible Light Communication

Ongoing advances in the research and development of visible light communication (VLC) systems has opened up many opportunities for using the concept of light based communication in underwater medium. Water presents a favourable medium for communication of optical wavelengths, particularly in the blue-violet regions of the visible spectrum and parts of ultraviolet wavelength. Prior work in designing underwater VLC systems and exploration of underwater optical wireless channels have largely been limited to theoretical propositions. Experimentation work in this space have not studied the impact of water quality factors on communication, and there exists no clear database of underwater VLC channel studies. Prior work have also largely focused only on horizontal configurations, where the transmitter and receiver are at the same depth underwater. To bridge this gap between existing work and advancement of underwater VLC systems, this paper presents the development of an empirical model for underwater VLC across the vertical configuration and across different water quality factors such as turbidity, salinity and temperature.
A High- $Q$ 30nm-Thick MFM Resonator Using Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide

This paper reports a super-thin (30nm) integrated metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) nano-mechanical resonator using atomically engineered hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 ) transducer film. A 10nm-thick atomic layered Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 film is sandwiched between top and bottom titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes 10nm-thick each) and is subjected to rapid thermal annealing treatment to engineer the as-deposited amorphous Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 into a non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic crystal structure with large ferroelectric characteristic. The ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 is used to implement doubly-clamped MFM resonator, with an aspect ratio exceeding 10,000:1, operating in out-of-plane flexural mode of vibration at ∼195 kHz, with a high- $Q$ of ∼1,930 under moderate vacuum conditions (800mT). Furthermore, we demonstrate, the use of electrostrictive effect in switching and tuning of the electromechanical transduction in Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 . With extreme miniaturization capability, robust mechanical properties at nanoscale, truly CMOS-compatible process, and intrinsic operation switchability, high- $Q$ Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 MFM nano-resonators are promising candidates for development of high-resolution resonant sensors and cm- and mm-wave RF filters.
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum.

Background and aims Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is an uncommon type of cardiac adipose tumor. It is extremely rare for these lesions to be located in the interventricular septum. Methods We report this case of incidentally diagnosed lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum with right ventricular outflow obstruction which caused minimal symptoms and Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern on EKG. Conclusion We also discuss the diagnosis and management of this condition.
When in Doubt, Go to the Library? Libraries & Rural Creative Placemaking

As rural communities confront increasing challenges and escalating social problems, a variety of interventions have been proposed, including creative placemaking. Creative placemaking is a bottom-up approach to cultural policy development (Redaelli, 2018 that derives from embedding the arts in cross-sector collaboration to produce location-specific social and economic impacts (Markusen & Gadwa, 2010). Libraries in urban and suburban environments have advocated for and demonstrated their abilities to partner in creative placemaking processes. Do rural communities may possess a magic potion to support creative placemaking? “Because it’s what Hermione does…When in doubt, go to the library,” Ron Wesley tells Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Rowling, 1998, p. 255). This research note investigates the practices and capacities of rural libraries to participate in creative placemaking. Relying on data from the Library Services Survey, conducted by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and scans of websites, the authors presents the descriptive statistics of capacity indicators and evidence of creative placemaking from 170 rural libraries in Texas. This investigation finds major constraints in the capacities of rural libraries. It concludes with steps to continue advancing the understanding of organizational capacity, rural libraries, and creative placemaking in rural areas. Keywords: rural communities, creative placemaking, libraries
Human papillomavirus oropharynx carcinoma: Aggressive de-escalation of adjuvant therapy.

Background Aggressive dose de-escalated adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC). Methods Patients with HPV(+)OPSCC on a phase II clinical trial of primary surgery and neck dissection followed by dose de-escalated RT (N = 79) were compared with a cohort of patients who received standard adjuvant therapy (N = 115). Local recurrence-free, regional recurrence-free, distant metastases-free survival, and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. Results Of 194 patients, 23 experienced progression at a median of 1.1 years following surgery (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7-2.0; range 0.3-5.4); 10 patients in the de-escalated cohort and 13 patients in the standard cohort. The 3-year PFS rate for the de-escalated cohort was 87%, and in the standard cohort was 90% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.50-2.75]). Conclusion Patients with HPV(+)OPSCC who undergo surgical resection and neck dissection and meet criteria for adjuvant therapy can undergo aggressive dose de-escalation of RT without increasing risk of progression locally, regionally or at distant sites.
Abstract S01-01: Therapeutic targeting of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 as a potential strategy to combat COVID-19

The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have an adverse effect on the progression of multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, due to the ensuing cytokine storm associated oncogenic signaling. A better understanding of the host cell factors and their regulators will help identify potential therapies to block SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage and thereby prevent cancer progression. Host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2 requires the binding of the viral spike S protein to ACE2 receptor and priming by the serine protease TMPRSS2—encoded by a well-known androgen response gene and highly expressed in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Epidemiologic data showing increased severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 disease in men suggest a possible role for androgen in the transcriptional activation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lungs and other primary infection sites. Here, by performing in vivo castration in mice, RT-PCR, immunoblotting, Co-IP, and pseudovirus infection assays in multiple cell lines, we present evidence for the transcriptional regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 by androgen, their endogenous interaction, as well as a novel combination of drugs in blocking viral infection. In adult male mice, castration led to a significant loss in the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the transcript and protein levels in the lung, heart, and small intestine. Intriguingly, castrated mice displayed a substantial increase in ACE2 in the kidney, which could potentially be due to the low blood pressure resulting from androgen deprivation. Endogenous TMPRSS2 and ACE2 were found to be physically interacting, as observed by reciprocal immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. Importantly, along with full-length zymogen form, a prominent novel small isoform of TMPRSS2 was found to be associated with ACE2 in lung and prostate cells. In an overexpression system, camostat—a serine protease inhibitor specific to TMPRSS2—inhibited the cleavage of spike S, suggesting a direct role of this serine protease in priming the viral spike S protein, a prerequisite for an active infection. Furthermore, a combination of camostat, antiandrogen, and epigenetic drugs at sublethal concentrations blocked SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in multiple cell types. Together, our preclinical data provide a strong rationale for clinical evaluation of TMRPSS2 inhibitors, antiandrogens, and epigenetic drug combinations along with antiviral drug remdesivir as early as clinically possible to prevent progression to pneumonia and multiorgan failure as a result of hyperinflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. Citation Format: Qu Deng, Reyaz Ur Rasool, Ramakrishnan Natesan, Irfan A. Asangani. Therapeutic targeting of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 as a potential strategy to combat COVID-19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr S01-01.
Coronary flow reserve and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims This meta-analysis aims to quantify the association of reduced coronary flow with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across a broad range of patient groups and pathologies. Methods and results We systematically identified all studies between 1 January 2000 and 1 August 2020, where coronary flow was measured and clinical outcomes were reported. The endpoints were all-cause mortality and MACE. Estimates of effect were calculated from published hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects model. Seventy-nine studies with a total of 59 740 subjects were included. Abnormal coronary flow reserve (CFR) was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality [HR: 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.39-5.97] and a higher incidence of MACE (HR 3.42, 95% CI: 2.92-3.99). Each 0.1 unit reduction in CFR was associated with a proportional increase in mortality (per 0.1 CFR unit HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04-1.29) and MACE (per 0.1 CFR unit HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11). In patients with isolated coronary microvascular dysfunction, an abnormal CFR was associated with a higher incidence of mortality (HR: 5.44, 95% CI: 3.78-7.83) and MACE (HR: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.14-5.90). Abnormal CFR was also associated with a higher incidence of MACE in patients with acute coronary syndromes (HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.35-6.00), heart failure (HR: 6.38, 95% CI: 1.95-20.90), heart transplant (HR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.34-4.71), and diabetes mellitus (HR: 7.47, 95% CI: 3.37-16.55). Conclusion Reduced coronary flow is strongly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and MACE across a wide range of pathological processes. This finding supports recent recommendations that coronary flow should be measured more routinely in clinical practice, to target aggressive vascular risk modification for individuals at higher risk.
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Two Frequency Radar Using Frequency Doubling Passive RF Tags

The use of an adaptive noise-cancellation technique has been explored in order to separate multiple sources of motion for a two-frequency Doppler radar system. A 2.45-GHz fundamental Doppler radar system was used together with a harmonic Doppler radar receiver to measure and identify two moving reflectors; one with a harmonic tag and one without. While the tagged motion alone was detected by the harmonic receiver, least mean squares and normalized least mean squares algorithms were applied to the fundamental receiver output to filter out the tagged-related motion content and successfully isolate the information content associated with only the non-tagged motion. Simulations were performed to study the effect of various parameters on the performance of the algorithms, and experiments were conducted to validate the feasibility of the method.
The Role of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites in NASA's Advanced Space Propulsion Programs

In recent years, NASA has embarked on several new and exciting efforts in the exploration and use of space. The successful accomplishment of many planned missions and projects is dependent upon the development and deployment of previously unproven propulsion systems. Key to many of the propulsion systems is the use of structural ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. In spite of their promise, a number of programmatic and technical hurdles remain before the potential of ceramic materials can be realized. A programmatic environment which focuses on relatively short term hardware demonstration programs precludes traditional longer term material's development efforts. The challenge oftentimes becomes one of engineering ceramics into proposed missions. This is dependent upon a fundamental understanding of processing, degradation and design issues unique to space vehicle design and operations. A review of the general missions and benefits of utilizing ceramics and ceramic matrix composites will be presented. The design parameters and operating conditions will be presented for both specific missions/vehicles and classes of components. Key technical challenges and opportunities are identified along with suggested paths for addressing them.
Electric conductivity and internal osmolality of intact bacterial cells.

Abstract Intact cells of Streptococcus faecalis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus were found to have high-frequency electric conductivities of 0.90 and 0.68 mho/m, respectively. These measured values, which reflect movements of ions both within the cytoplasm and within the cell wall space, were only about one-third of those calculated on the basis of determinations of the amounts and types of small ions within the cells. Concentrated suspensions of bacteria with damaged membranes showed similarly large disparities between measured and predicted conductivities, whereas the conductivities of diluted suspensions were about equal to predicted values. Thus, the low mobilities of intracellular ions appeared to be interpretable in terms of the physicochemical behavior of electrolytes in concentrated mixtures of small ions and cell polymers. In contrast to the low measured values for conductivity of intact bacteria, values for intracellular osmolality measured by means of a quantitative plasmolysis technique were higher than expected. For example, the plasmolysis threshold for S. faecalis cells indicated an internal osmolality of about 1.0 osmol/kg, compared with a value of only 0.81 osmol/liter of cell water calculated from a knowledge of the cell content and the distribution of small solutes. In all, our results indicate that most of the small ions within vegetative bacterial cells are free to move in an electric field and that they contribute to cytoplasmic osmolality.
Redefining the Marital Power Struggle through Relationship Skills How U.S. Marriage Education Programs Challenge and Reproduce Gender Inequality

In 2002, the United States federal government created the Healthy Marriage Initiative, a policy that has distributed almost $1 billion in welfare money to marriage education programs. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in classes for a purposive sample of 20 government-approved marriage education programs and textual analysis of more than 3,000 pages of curricular materials, I analyze how U.S. healthy marriage policy addresses issues of gendered communication and power. This case reveals the limitations of what I call ‘‘interpersonal gender interventions,’’ which obscure how gendered ideologies and inequalities are often maintained through institutionalized practices and state action. Specifically, I argue that by focusing on negotiation, communication, and conflict-resolution strategies—or what marriage educators call “relationship skills”—at the interactional level, state-sponsored marriage education masks persistent institutionalized gender inequalities, namely, latent and hidden forms of marital power....
A continued fraction analysis of periodic wavelet coefficients

We define and prove the existence of crossings of wavelet coefficients translated by integer multiples of the numerator of a continued fraction convergent of the ratio of the sampling interval to the period of the wavelet coefficients. Crossings are found to be translation invariant ±1. Intervals between crossings are analyzed for wavelets with n vanishing moments. These wavelets act as multiscale differential operators. These crossings reveal different locations in the period where there is equality in the nth derivative of an averaging of the signal. These results will be employed in the estimation of frequency components in future publications.
Enhancement of the microbial dehalogenation of a model chlorinated compound.

A number of chlorinated aromatic and aliphatic compounds were dehalogenated when incubated with sewage. Preincubating the sewage with nonchlorinated organic substrates enhanced the subsequent dehalogenation of the chlorinated chemicals. Dehalogenation of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (CDBA) in lake water occurred as a result of microbial growth both in the light in the absence of added nutrients and in the dark in the presence of acetate. No organism able to use CDBA as a carbon source was isolated. Axenic bacterial cultures and a nonaxenic Chlamydomonas culture released chloride from CDBA. The metabolism of CDBA by the latter culture, a process that was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, yielded a product that was identified as α-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. This product of an apparent cometabolic transformation was mineralized by a strain of Streptomyces, thus suggesting that certain cometabolic products may not accumulate because they are carbon sources for other species.
A medical care application using the integrated services digital network

A medical-communications application which capitalizes on ISDN (integrated services digital network) strengths is presented. Some of the important features of the application are: it is focused on the concept of remote patient care; telecommunication connection is the key link; voice/image/data capability is inherent; flexibility of the circuit switched connection is vital; and portability of equipment to any ISDN port is very important. The application is practical due to the benefits provided by the new ISDN telecommunication service and can be applied to the home environment. The application holds the potential to offer health services to remote locations and to offer care to those in less critical medical conditions, while lessening the demands on in-patient care. It will also, hopefully, help to control costs. >
THz photoconductive antenna array based near field imaging

In this work, a 2 × 2 photoconductive antenna (PCA) array is used in a THz near field imaging setup as THz emitters while the sample is placed close to the antenna array (the antenna-sample distance is about 10 μm). A microlens array is used to couple and focus femto-second laser pulse onto each antenna. The response of a sample of gold pattern on quartz is measured. A FDTD model combined with HFSS simulation is used to predict the time domain current and near field scanning result. Good agreement between simulation and experiment is obtained.
Comparative morphology of the cloacal scent gland in snakes (Serpentes: Reptilia).

The histology of the cloacal scent gland, or anal gland, was examined from a diverse group of 50 snakes. Extensive interspecific morphological variation was observed in the general structure of the gland and the glandular epithelium. Morphological variants were quantitatively scored from eight features: lobate nature of the gland; septa in the glandular epithelium; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular outer surface; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular inner surface; thickness of the glandular epithelium; PAS reactivity in the glandular epithelium; Periodic Acid-Schiff reactivity in the secretory product; and relative size of the cloacal scent gland. The distribution of the encoded morphological variation was compared to an established phylogeny for snakes and used as the basis for a cluster analysis. In both cases there was no apparent relationship between phylogeny and the morphological variation of the cloacal scent gland.
Homogeneous reactions in turbulent pipe flows—tubular non-catalytic reactors

Abstract An analysis of turbulent reactive flows in tubular non-catalytic reactors is presented for various reaction orders and rate constants. A numerical technique using the explicit finite difference method is employed to obtain changes in the radial and axial concentration distributions. It is shown that lower order reactions cause a more rapid decrease in the axial concentrations. The effect of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers on the conversion levels is also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed upon analyzing the phenomena near the wall region.
Contribution of Remobilized Total Dry Matter to Soybean Yield

It is recognized that soybean remobilizes carbohydrates and protein compounds from vegetative to reproductive organs during the last half of the seed filling period. However, reports quantifying how much of final yield is constituted by these remobilized materials under field conditions are lacking. The objective of the current study was to determine the contribution of remobilized total dry matter (TDM) to final yield under field conditions. Using five field studies conducted from 1987 through 1995 near Baton Rouge, LA (30°N latitude), % remobilized yield was determined by using crop growth rate during the final half of seed filling (CGR[R6.2-R7]) to calculate how much of the final 50% of seed weight was contributed by remobilized TDM. The % remobilized yield was then calculated as 100 x (remobilized seed TDM/yield). Results indicated that % remobilized yield varied from 15% to 30% and tended to increase as growing conditions improved and plant size increased. Percent remobilized yield also increased whe...
National trends and costs of surgical treatment for female fecal incontinence.

Objective The objective of the study was to describe national trends, hospital charges, and costs of inpatient surgical treatment for female fecal incontinence in the United States. Study Design We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2003 to identify women who underwent surgery for fecal incontinence using International Classification of Diseases , ninth revision-CM coding. We examined national trends in procedures, patient demographics, outcomes, hospital charges, and costs. Multiple linear regression was used to identify variables associated with increased costs. Results A total of 21,547 women underwent inpatient surgery for fecal incontinence during the study period. This number has remained stable, with 3423 procedures in 1998 and 3509 procedures in 2003. The overall risk of complications was 15.4% and the risk of death was 0.02%, which remained stable during the study period. Total charges increased from $34 million in 1998 to $57.5 million in 2003, translating to a total cost of $24.5 million in 2003. Variables associated with increased costs included number of procedures per admission, length of stay, patient age, and race ( P Conclusion The number of women undergoing surgical treatment for fecal incontinence is stable but has a significant economic impact on the health care system.
Zinc stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids and chimneys

Abstract Many of the heaviest and lightest natural zinc (Zn) isotope ratios have been discovered in hydrothermal ore deposits. However, the processes responsible for fractionating Zn isotopes in hydrothermal systems are poorly understood. In order to better assess the total range of Zn isotopes in hydrothermal systems and to understand the factors which are responsible for this isotopic fractionation, we have measured Zn isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal fluids from numerous vents at 9–10°N and 21°N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR), the TAG hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and in the Guaymas Basin. Fluid δ66Zn values measured at these sites range from + 0.00‰ to + 1.04‰. Of the many physical and chemical parameters examined, only temperature was found to correlate with fluid δ66Zn values. Lower temperature fluids (
Another perspective on system of systems: A step towards an analytical framework

Over the course of the last several years there has been much discussion of a concept called the “system of systems” (SOS), and many proposed definitions that capture features of various SOS. These numerous definitions offer the means to identify SOS; yet, from an analytical point of view, we feel they do not offer the clarity required to construct a well grounded framework with which to analyze these SOS. Over the course of our research to develop such a framework, we realized that there is another perspective from which to view the notion of a SOS. This perspective, rooted in the analysis of a military SOS, explicitly recognizes three existential concepts present in any military SOS that are also likely present in non-military SOS. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these concepts, and relate them to the base of established literature regarding SOS.
Devices and developments

Applied Superconductivity. Editor-in-chief Roger B. Poeppel. Elsevier. 12/yr. North, Central and South America $649 (institutional), rest of the world £435 (institutional), "Or making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh" (Ecclesiastes 12:12).
The effects of conflict on tonic levels of blood pressure in the genetically borderline hypertensive rat.

Studies of aversive conditioning in animals have seldom elicited tonic elevations in blood pressure (BP) equivalent to those which produce pathological changes in humans. While it is possible that psychological factors are not that important in the etiology of hypertension, it is also possible that the failure to elicit large tonic elevations in BP in animals may be due either to stressors which are insufficiently potent and/or to an inadequate physiological model. The present study sought to maximize the probability of producing large tonic changes in BPs by using a conflict paradignt in a genetic strain of rats which develops systolic BPs in the borderline hypertensive area (c. 150 mmHg). Forty-eight male F1 generation offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats mated with normotensive controls were randomly split into three groups: experimental (subjected to 3 weeks of avoidance training and 12 weeks of conflict in conditioning cages), mild restraint control (placed in conditioning cages daily but not shocked), and maturation control (neither shocked nor restrained) groups. Animals subjected to conflict gradually developed tonic levels of systolic BP well into the hypertensive range (c. 185 mmHg). Restraint control animals also showed some elevation (c. 165 mmHg), but maturational controls showed no change (c. 150 mmHg). The saliency of this animal model for the study of stress-induced hypertension is discussed.
Agrarian Environments: Resources, Representation, and Rule in India

Agrarian Environments: Resources, Representation, and Rule in India. Arun Agrawal and K. Sivaramakrishnan. eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. vii. 316 pp., tables, bibliography, contributors, index.
OS014. Which first-line drug to control severe hypertension in pregnancy? A pilot study

Introduction Severe hypertension is a common complication in pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders and there is no clear consensus on which first-line antihypertensive drug to use in this setting. Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of four antihypertensive drugs (two intravenous and two oral) in pregnant women with severe hypertension. Methods Pilot prospective randomised study. Inclusion criteria: pregnant women with a gestational age >24 weeks and admitted in the Obstetrics Department with severe hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ⩾165 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ⩾105 mmHg. The women were randomised in 4 groups to receive: −20 mg intravenous labetalol; −5 mg intravenous hydralazine; −10mg oral nifedipine tablets ; −10 mg sublingual nifedipine. Treatment was repeated every 20 mn until target SBP and DBP were reached (⩽150/⩽95 mmHg). The primary endpoint was the time needed to achieve effective blood pressure control. Treatment failure was defined as the unability to reach the target BP within one hour. Results After giving informed consent, 41 pregnant women admitted with severe hypertension were randomised. Mean age was 35 years (SD 3.5), 65% were nulliparous and mean SBP and DBP at admission were 176 (SD 16) and 105 (SD 12) mmHg, respectively. Success to achieve target BP was reached in all patients within the oral 10 mg nifedipine group (11 patients), in all but one patients with the 10 mg sublingual group (12 patients), and only in 5 out of 9 patients and 6 out of 9 patients within the labetalol and hydralazine groups. They were only one hypotension (defined as SBP Conclusion These results indicate that oral nifedipine seems more effective than intravenous labetalol or hydralazine to reach BP control in pregnant patients with severe hypertension. A large scale randomized trial comparing oral nifedipine versus these commonly used intravenous antihypertensive drugs should be implemented in order to determine whether oral nifedipine is a more effective treatment in this population.
Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry

Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a sequence of events. Since the discovery of KSHV in 1994, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of KSHV entry into its in vitro target cells. KSHV entry is a complex multistep process involving viral envelope glycoproteins and several cell surface molecules that is utilized by KSHV for its attachment and entry. KSHV has a broad cell tropism and the attachment and receptor engagement on target cells have an important role in determining the cell type-specific mode of entry. KSHV utilizes heparan sulfate, integrins and EphrinA2 molecules as receptors which results in the activation of host cell pre-existing signal pathways that facilitate the subsequent cascade of events resulting in the rapid entry of virus particles, trafficking towards the nucleus followed by viral and host gene expression. KSHV enters human fibroblast cells by dynamin dependant clathrin mediated endocytosis and by dynamin independent macropinocytosis in dermal endothelial cells. Once internalized into endosomes, fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membranes in an acidification dependent manner results in the release of capsids which subsequently reaches the nuclear pore vicinity leading to the delivery of viral DNA into the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the principal mechanisms that enable KSHV to interact with the host cell surface receptors as well as the mechanisms that are required to modulate cell signaling machinery for a successful entry.
Stratospheric ozone - Impact of human activity

The current knowledge of the chemistry of the stratosphere is reviewed, with particular consideration given to the measurements from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment and from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. Analysis of the ATMOS data at 30 deg N suggests that the current understanding of the contemporary-stratosphere chemistry at mid-latitudes is relatively complete, except for possible problems with the diurnal variations of N2O5 at low altitudes, and with ClNO3 at higher altitudes. Except for some difficulties with these two compounds, the data from ATMOS agree well with the gas phase models for nitrogen and chlorine species at 30 deg N in spring. It is emphasized that, in addition to the HOCl mechanism proposed by Solomon et al. (1986), the ClO-BrO scheme proposed by McElroy et al. (1986), and the ClO dimer mechanism introduced by Molina and Molina (1987), other processes exist that are responsible for ozone removal.
Clinical correlates of renal angiomyolipoma subtypes in 209 patients: classic, fat poor, tuberous sclerosis associated and epithelioid.

Purpose: Angiomyolipomas classically present radiographically as fat containing lesions but some fail to demonstrate fat content. Histologically confirmed angiomyolipomas uniformly follow a benign course but rare epithelioid variants of angiomyolipoma can recur and metastasize. We investigated the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of each angiomyolipoma subtype.Materials and Methods: Pertinent data were recorded for 209 patients surgically treated for angiomyolipoma in 219 kidneys from 1981 to 2007. Classic and fat poor angiomyolipomas were classified radiographically based on the presence or absence of fat and classified histologically based on the presence of triphasic, monophasic or epithelioid histology.Results: Median radiographic size was 3.2, 4.9 and 10 cm in patients with a single angiomyolipoma (59% of patients), multiple angiomyolipomas and tuberous sclerosis (probable or definite), respectively. In these 3 groups 65%, 47% and 33% of lesions were not suspected radiographica...
A question of balance: the role of libraries in providing alternatives to the mainstream media

Discusses the importance of the alternative press and what libraries can do to ensure a healthy alternative press. Argues that libraries must counter the illusion that the current media offers more choice. They need to: prioritize the acquisition and cataloguing of alternative press publications; encourage professional associations to promote the alternative press more actively; and “adopt” alternative publishers. Concludes that libraries can offer sanctuaries for alternative voices and should ensure that they have diverse collections that truly represent the full spectrum of published opinion.
Analyzing latent state-trait and multiple-indicator latent growth curve models as multilevel structural equation models

Latent state-trait (LST) and latent growth curve (LGC) models are frequently used in the analysis of longitudinal data. Although it is well-known that standard single-indicator LGC models can be analyzed within either the structural equation modeling (SEM) or multilevel (ML; hierarchical linear modeling) frameworks, few researchers realize that LST and multivariate LGC models, which use multiple indicators at each time point, can also be specified as ML models. In the present paper, we demonstrate that using the ML-SEM rather than the SL-SEM framework to estimate the parameters of these models can be practical when the study involves (1) a large number of time points, (2) individually-varying times of observation, (3) unequally spaced time intervals, and/or (4) incomplete data. Despite the practical advantages of the ML-SEM approach under these circumstances, there are also some limitations that researchers should consider. We present an application to an ecological momentary assessment study (N = 158 youths with an average of 23.49 observations of positive mood per person) using the software Mplus (Muthen & Muthen, 1998-2012) and discuss advantages and disadvantages of using the ML-SEM approach to estimate the parameters of LST and multiple-indicator LGC models.
Cross-Validational Evidence on the Structure of Parental Reports of Child Rearing Practices

Summary A child-rearing questionnaire adapted from the Sears, Maccoby, and Levin (10) interview schedules was administered to 331 mothers and 307 fathers of junior high school children. The data were factor analyzed separately for the mothers and fathers and the results compared to those of an earlier study. The replicable factors emerging from the analysis of the fathers' data were “High use of reward in child-rearing,” “High use of physical punishment,” “Promotion of independence,” “Preference for younger children,” “Strict discipline,” “Low use of reasoning,” “Wife responsible for child-rearing,” and “Dissatisfaction with home life.” The replicable factors in the analyses of the mothers' data were “Patriarchal family structure,” “High use of physical punishment,” “Mothers' lack of self-confidence,” “Promotion of independence,” “High use of reward in child-rearing,” “Preference for older children,” and “Low use of discipline.” The results were related to earlier factor analytic studies of child-rearing ...
Electric-Field-Induced Anisotropies in an Inhomogeneous Plasma

It is shown on the basis of the Boltzmann equation that in the absence of a d-c magnetic field, an electric field alone can produce anisotropies in electron diffusion and conductivity in a weak inhomogeneous plasma. These anisotropies have their origin in the a-c component of the electron density gradients. Electron diffusion is reduced in the direction of the field, while the induced a-c current acquires an additional component in the direction of the gradient of the a-c electron density. This component will in general lie in a direction different from that of the exciting field. Although these effects are usually small, they may become significant under suitable circumstances. (auth)
Line junctions in the quantum Hall effect

A long narrow gate across a fractional quantum Hall fluid at filling $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/m$ with odd integer $m$, creates a one-dimensional (1D) system that is isomorphic to a disordered 1D electron gas with attractive interactions. By varying the gate potential along such a line junction, it should be possible to tune through the 1D localization transition, predicted for an attractively interacting electron gas. The key signature of this 1D metal-insulator transition is the temperature dependence of the conductivity, which diverges as a power of temperature in the metallic phase, and vanishes rapidly in the insulator. We show that the 1D conductivity can be extracted from a standard Hall transport measurement, in the regime where the Hall conductance is close to its quantized value. A line junction in a $\ensuremath{\nu}=2/3$ quantized Hall fluid is predicted to exhibit a similar localization transition.
Team and Organizational Identification among Information Systems Personnel: An Exploratory Investigation of Post IT Outsourcing Personnel Impacts

This study examines the impact of social identification of IT employees in IT outsourcing firms. Specifically, we ask: What effect does social identification have on employee attitudes in the wake of major outsourcing initiatives? We examine social identification through the separate dimensions of team identification and organizational identification. The results suggest that when team identification and organizational identification are viewed as two distinct measures of social identity, the effect on the workplace attitudes of IT employees vary.
Characterization of a hexagonal crystal form of an enzyme of steroid metabolism, Δ5-ketosteroid isomerase: A new method of crystal density measurement

A hexagonal crystal form (P6322, a = b = 65.38 A, c = 504 A) of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas testosteroni (EC 5.3.3.1), grown at pH 5.5, has been characterized. The asymmetric unit contains four protomers (Mr = 13,394 each). This crystal form of the enzyme is more suitable for a high-resolution X-ray crystallographic structure determination than the monoclinic form (Westbrook et al., 1976). The protein content of the asymmetric unit was determined for both crystal forms by a novel and convenient technique which may have general applicability.