cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What a difference a decade makes: transformation in academic library instruction

In 1994, the author presented the inaugural LOEX‐of‐the‐West keynote entitled “Glacier or avalanche? Shifts in the electronic, educational, and library landscape”. She outlined the forces shaping the instruction landscape: changing users; information technology; social frameworks; educational change; and economic realities. She posited that libraries would find opportunities in the shifting landscape including: user‐centeredness; using technology to transform; alliances and partnerships; experimentations; collaboratories; self‐sufficiency; inclusiveness; and value‐added librarians. In this 2004 keynote, she reflects on what has transpired in academic library instruction over the decade and speculates on the forces and opportunities that will shape the next ten years.
Hunting for individual differences in cognitive processes: Verbal ability and semantic processing of pictures and words

Semantic category decisions were examined for single picture and word stimuli. Consistent with previous research, pictures yielded faster latencies than words and both showed significant taxonomic frequency effects for positive decisions. The results are interpreted in terms of general models for semantic verification, in which both pictures and words involve access to the same underlying semantic knowledge base. The latter conclusion was supported by correlation-regression analyses on individual item latencies. Variations in processing latency as a function of stimulus mode, taxonomic frequency, and type of decision were analyzed with respect to adult individual differences in verbal ability, The results uniformly failed to show a significant relationship between verbal ability and any processing speed measure. The lack of any significant relationship is discussed in light of previous results on verbal ability and processing speed, suggesting obvious qualifications of past results and possible reinterpretations of the meaning of previously obtained speed differences.
Assessing the factors responsible for ionic liquid toxicity to aquatic organisms via quantitative structure–property relationship modeling

Using previously published toxicity data as well as a small set of heretofore-unpublished results, quantitative structure–property relationship models are developed to assess the factors that govern the toxicity of a range of different ionic liquids to two aquatic organisms (Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna). With at most four molecular descriptors, log10 EC50 and log10 LC50 data are reproduced with an R2 of 0.78–0.88. Besides the well-established link between toxicity and alkyl chain length on imidazolium, pyridinium and quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids, the models predict that toxicity increases slightly with the number of nitrogen atoms in an aromatic cation ring. All other things being equal, toxicity is expected to show the trend with cation type of ammonium < pyridinium < imidazolium < triazolium < tetrazolium. In addition, toxicity is expected to decrease with ring methylation as well as with an increase in the number of negatively charged atoms on the cation. The anion plays a secondary role in toxicity for the compounds studied here, although the presence of positively charged atoms on the anion are predicted to slightly increase toxicity.
Caregivers, firm policies and gender discrimination claims

This paper explores a relatively new class of lawsuits claiming “caregiver discrimination.” Using the National Study of the Changing Workforce, it shows that claims of gender discrimination in general and caregiver discrimination in particular are more likely among women facing greater work-family conflict. Critically, firm policies that allow work from home or the use of personal time off to care for family needs are associated with reduced claims of caregiver discrimination holding all else constant. Importantly, these reduced claims are uniquely among women with greater family responsibilities.
Packing for the trip: A model of competencies for successful expatriate hospitality assignment

Abstract This paper aims to propose a model to assist international hotel companies to prepare expatriate executives for their overseas assignments to minimize expatriate failure. Survey questionnaires measuring competences and skills of expatriation were administered to 66 representatives of the lodging associations and properties who are members in the International Hotel & Restaurant Association. Exploratory factor analysis findings indicate that three categories of attributes are keys for successful overseas assignments: personal competencies, global management skills, and expatriate adjustment. Human resource development professionals should be especially cognizant of identifying personal competencies as the distinguishing elements for selecting high-potential expatriate managers. Educational programs preparing students for work in international hospitality business should strive to expose students to all of the behavioral aspects of international hospitality business identified in this study.
Enterprise Integration Strategy of Interoperability

Decision, analysis and design are key steps in building the skeleton of enterprise integration. We deal with the design stage by introducing the micro process and interconnectivity concept as the foundation of the service component design, this work is based on the common component concept we implemented in previous research and on the component-based design foundation
TET Proteins and 5-Methylcytosine Oxidation in the Immune System

DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is essential for normal development in mammals and influences a variety of biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, imprinting, and the maintenance of genomic stability. The recent discovery of TET proteins, which oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine, has changed our understanding of the process of DNA demethylation. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the roles of DNA methylation and TET proteins in cell differentiation and function. The intensive research on this subject has so far focused primarily on embryonic stem (ES) cells and neurons. In addition, we summarize what is known about DNA methylation in T-cell function.
The ROOT and STEM of a Fruitful Business Education

The author discusses the role of the liberal arts in a business curriculum for an increasingly science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)–centered world. The author introduces the rhetoric, orthography, ontology, and teleology (ROOT) disciplines, and links them to the traditional liberal arts foundation of higher education. The expanded role of the ROOTs in a business curriculum and its contribution to the STEM disciplines is explored. Finally different approaches for integrating ROOTs into the business curriculum are considered.
IMPORTANCE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN CONTROL OF SYSTEMIC AND RENAL HEMODYNAMICS DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY STUDIES IN THE RAT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PREECLAMPSIA

(1996). Importance of Nitric Oxide in Control of Systemic and Renal Hemodynamics During Normal Pregnancy: Studies in the Rat and Implications for Preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 147-169.
Ectodomain shedding-dependent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors in response to insulin-like growth factor type I.

Diverse extracellular stimuli activate the ERK1/2 MAPK cascade by transactivating epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Here, we have examined the role of EGF receptors in IGF-I-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in several cultured cell lines. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, IGF-I triggered proteolysis of heparin binding (HB)-EGF, increased tyrosine autophosphorylation of EGF receptors, stimulated EGF receptor inhibitor (AG1478)-sensitive ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and promoted EGF receptor endocytosis. In a mixed culture system that employed IGF-I receptor null murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) (R− cells) to detect paracrine signals produced by MEFs expressing the human IGF-I receptor (R+ cells), stimulation of R+ cells provoked rapid activation of green fluorescent protein-tagged ERK2 in cocultured R− cells. The R− cell response was abolished by either the broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat or by AG1478, indicating that it resulted from the proteolytic generation of an EGF recepto...
Implications of systems of systems on system design and engineering

Over the past ten years there has been a steady growth in attention to issues related to systems of systems (SoS) and systems engineering, particularly in Defense in the United States. This attention has focused on how to apply SE principles and practices to SoS, considering the differences between systems and SoS. For many organizations, however, despite recognition of SoS considerations, the focus of investment and development continues to be on individual systems. This paper looks at SoS and SE from the perspective of constituent systems and examines impacts on systems engineering of systems in light of the increased prevalence of SoS. The paper addresses these issues based on the experience and viewpoint of the U.S. Department of Defense and identifies areas for further attention in systems engineering research and practice.
Mortality from heart, respiratory, and kidney disease in coal mining areas of Appalachia.

The purpose of this study was to test whether population mortality rates from heart, respiratory and kidney disease were higher as a function of levels of Appalachian coal mining after control for other disease risk factors. The study investigated county-level, age-adjusted mortality rates for the years 2000–2004 for heart, respiratory and kidney disease in relation to tons of coal mined. Four groups of counties were compared: Appalachian counties with more than 4 million tons of coal mined from 2000 to 2004; Appalachian counties with mining at less than 4 million tons, non-Appalachian counties with coal mining, and other non-coal mining counties across the nation. Forms of chronic illness were contrasted with acute illness. Poisson regression models were analyzed separately for male and female mortality rates. Covariates included percent male population, college and high school education rates, poverty rates, race/ethnicity rates, primary care physician supply, rural-urban status, smoking rates and a Southern regional variable. For both males and females, mortality rates in Appalachian counties with the highest level of coal mining were significantly higher relative to non-mining areas for chronic heart, respiratory and kidney disease, but were not higher for acute forms of illness. Higher rates of acute heart and respiratory mortality were found for non-Appalachian coal mining counties. Higher chronic heart, respiratory and kidney disease mortality in coal mining areas may partially reflect environmental exposure to particulate matter or toxic agents present in coal and released in its mining and processing. Differences between Appalachian and non-Appalachian areas may reflect different mining practices, population demographics, or mortality coding variability.
Scalable purification of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen from Escherichia coli.

Abstract The anthrax toxin consists of three proteins, protective antigen (PA), lethal factor, and edema factor that are produced by the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis . Current vaccines against anthrax use PA as their primary component. In this study, we developed a scalable process to produce and purify multi-gram quantities of highly pure, recombinant PA (rPA) from Escherichia coli . The rPA protein was produced in a 50-L fermentor and purified to >99% purity using anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The final yield of purified rPA from medium cell density fermentations resulted in approximately 2.7 g of rPA per kg of cell paste (∼270 mg/L) of highly pure, biologically active rPA protein. The results presented here exhibit the ability to generate multi-gram quantities of rPA from E. coli that may be used for the development of new anthrax vaccines and anthrax therapeutics.
Linearization of ADCs via digital post processing

Volterra series offers a practical tool for mathematical modeling of nonlinear systems such as Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs). In this paper, we report of ADC linearization by employing Volterra model and digital post processing. We first obtain the Volterra model from calibration data by using a Vandermonde matrix. Then, we employ an efficient method for data collection, which are employed to build an ADC module. The model is then used to estimate and compensate the nonlinearity.
Margin distribution and learning algorithms

Recent theoretical results have shown that improved bounds on generalization error of classifiers can be obtained by explicitly taking the observed margin distribution of the training data into account. Currently, algorithms used in practice do not make use of the margin distribution and are driven by optimization with respect to the points that are closest to the hyperplane. This paper enhances earlier theoretical results and derives a practical data-dependent complexity measure for learning. The new complexity measure is a function of the observed margin distribution of the data, and can be used, as we show, as a model selection criterion. We then present the Margin Distribution Optimization (MDO) learning algorithm, that directly optimizes this complexity measure. Empirical evaluation of MDO demonstrates that it consistently outperforms SVM.
Knowledge transformation from word space to document space

In most IR clustering problems, we directly cluster the documents, working in the document space, using cosine similarity between documents as the similarity measure. In many real-world applications, however, we usually have knowledge on the word side and wish to transform this knowledge to the document (concept) side. In this paper, we provide a mechanism for this knowledge transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model for such type of knowledge transformation. This model uses a nonnegative matrix factorization model X = FSGT, where X is the word document semantic matrix, F is the posterior probability of a word belonging to a word cluster and represents knowledge in the word space, G is the posterior probability of a document belonging to a document cluster and represents knowledge in the document space, and S is a scaled matrix factor which provides a condensed view of X. We show how knowledge on words can improve document clustering, i.e, knowledge in the word space is transformed into the document space. We perform extensive experiments to validate our approach.
Differential Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE —Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) only partly explain the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is now an increasing appreciation for many novel CVRF that occur largely as a result of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, we investigated whether diabetes medications that vary in their mechanism of action and ability to reduce insulin resistance may differ in their effects on both traditional and novel CVRF. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We compared the addition of metformin or troglitazone therapy on CVRF in 22 subjects with type 2 diabetes who remained in poor glycemic control (with HbA 1c >8.5%) while taking glyburide 10 mg twice daily. Subjects were initially randomized to either metformin 850 mg once daily or troglitazone 200 mg once daily. Both medications were then titrated upward as needed to achieve fasting plasma glucose RESULTS —After 4 months of treatment, both metformin and troglitazone led to similar decreases in fasting plasma glucose and HbA 1c . The reduction in insulin resistance determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was nearly twofold greater with troglitazone than metformin. Metformin did not induce significant changes in blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, LDL size, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. However, C-reactive protein did decrease by 33% (6± 1 to 4± 1 ng/l; P P =0.04) and HDL cholesterol (33 ±3 to 36± 3 mg/dl; P =0.05) and decreases in triglycerides (197± 19 to 155± 23 mg/dl; P =0.07) and C-reactive protein by 60% (8± 3 to 3± 1 ng/l, P CONCLUSIONS —For patients with type 2 diabetes in whom maximal sulfonylurea therapy failed, the addition of the insulin sensitizer troglitazone seemed to have greater benefits on several traditional and novel CVRF than metformin therapy. These differences were not related to glycemic improvement but reflected, in part, the greater reduction in insulin resistance obtained with addition of troglitazone. These data suggest that medications that more effectively address this underlying metabolic defect may be more beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Loss of Plakophilin-2 Expression Leads to Decreased Sodium Current and Slower Conduction Velocity in Cultured Cardiac Myocytes

Rationale: Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is an essential component of the cardiac desmosome. Recent data show that it interacts with other molecules of the intercalated disc. Separate studies show preferential localization of the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1.5) to this region. Objective: To establish the association of PKP2 with sodium channels and its role on action potential propagation. Methods and Results: Biochemical, patch clamp, and optical mapping experiments demonstrate that PKP2 associates with NaV1.5, and that knockdown of PKP2 expression alters the properties of the sodium current, and the velocity of action potential propagation in cultured cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of intermolecular interactions between proteins relevant to mechanical junctions, and those involved in electric synchrony. Possible relevance to the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is discussed.
Impact of Sex and Ethnicity on Arrhythmic Risk

Substantial differences in the risk of common arrhythmia syndromes exist between men and women, as well as in varying ethnic/racial groups. For example, despite an overall lower risk of sudden death and atrial fibrillation in women compared with men, women have longer QT intervals and a higher risk of torsades de pointes due to antiarrhythmic drugs and worse outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation. An ethnicity-related paradox in atrial fibrillation epidemiology is apparent; despite a higher prevalence of medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and prolonged PR interval, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians have a lower risk of atrial fibrillation than whites. In this promising era of genomic medicine, an improved understanding of epidemiology and phenotype holds the potential for revealing novel therapeutic targets and preventing disease.
Decorrelating (DECOR) transformations for low-power digital filters

Decorrelating transformations (referred to as DECOR transformations) to reduce the power dissipation in digital filters are presented in this paper. The transfer function and/or the input is decorrelated such that fewer bits are required to represent the coefficients and inputs. Thus, the size of the arithmetic units in the filter is reduced, thereby reducing the power dissipation. The DECOR transform is suited for narrow-band filters because there is significant correlation between adjacent coefficients. Simulations with fixed coefficient filters indicate reduction in transition activity, ranging from 6% to 52% for filter bandwidths ranging from 0.30 /spl pi/ to 0.05 /spl pi/, respectively, (where /spl pi/ corresponds to half the sample rate). Simulations with adaptive filters indicate reduction in transition activity in the F-block, ranging from 12% to 38% for filter bandwidths ranging from 0.30 /spl pi/ to 0.05 /spl pi/, respectively. The DECOR transforms result in greater energy savings and over a larger bandwidth than existing methods.
Symmetry and the Computation of Conceptual Structures

The discovery and exploitation of symmetry plays a major role in sciences such as crystallography, quantum theory, condensed-matter physics, thermodynamics, chemistry, biology and others. It then should not be surprising then, since Conceptual Structures are proposed as a universal knowledge representation scheme, that symmetry should play a role in their interpretation and their application. In this tutorial style paper, we illustrate the role of symmetry in Conceptual Structures and how algorithms may be constructed that exploit this symmetry in order to achieve computational efficiency.
Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages in the Endometrium of the Pregnant Cow

Problem Macrophages are recruited in large number to the interplacentomal endometrium of the cow during pregnancy. We evaluated whether endometrial macrophages also accumulate in placentomal regions of endometrium during pregnancy and whether endometrial macrophages are regionally differentiated. Method of study Interplacentomal endometrium and placentomes were subjected to dual-color immunofluorescence using CD68 as a pan-macrophage marker. Results CD68(+) cells were abundant in stroma of the interplacentomal endometrium and caruncular septa of the placentomes. CD68(+) cells were not present in fetal villi of the placentomes or in the interplacentomal chorion. Regardless of location, the majority of CD68(+) cells also expressed CD14. In interplacentomal endometrium, CD68(+)CD11b(+) cells were present in deeper areas of the stroma but not in shallow endometrial stroma. In caruncular septa of the placentome, CD68(+) cells were negative for CD11b. CD68(+) cells in the interplacentomal endometrium were negative for MHC class II while most CD68(+) cells in caruncular septa were positive for MHC class II. Conclusion CD68(+)CD14(+) macrophages present in the stroma of the interplacentomal endometrium and caruncular septa of the placentome are regionally differentiated with regard to expression of CD11b and MHC class II.
A protein-rich beverage consumed as a breakfast meal leads to weaker appetitive and dietary responses v. a protein-rich solid breakfast meal in adolescents

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a protein-rich beverage leads to a differential response in appetite, satiety and subsequent energy intake compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched solid version in young people. A total of fifteen adolescents (eight girls and seven boys; age 14 (SEM 1) years, BMI percentile 79 (SEM 4) %) randomly completed two testing days that included protein-rich (PR) breakfast meals (38 % of energy as protein, 48 (SEM 2) g/meal) provided as a solid (S) or beverage (B). Breakfast was 24 % of estimated daily energy needs (2146 (SEM 96) kJ/meal). Perceived appetite and satiety responses were collected over 5 h followed by an ad libitum lunch buffet. The PR-S meal led to greater reductions in 4 h postprandial appetite (- 6221 (SEM 1171) mm × 240 min) v. the PR-B meal (- 3570 (SEM 957) mm × 240 min; P < 0·05). When examining the data according to hourly responses, the PR-S meal led to greater reductions in appetite during postprandial hours 2, 3 and 4 v. the PR-B meal (all comparisons, P < 0·05). No differences in postprandial hourly or total (4 h) fullness were observed following the PR-S v. PR-B meals. The PR-S meal led to approximately 480 kJ less energy consumed at the ad libitum lunch buffet (1418 (SEM 222) kJ) v. the PR-B meal (1900 (SEM 326) kJ; P < 0·05). These data indicate that, although the food form of the PR breakfast meals had little, if any, effect on satiety, the appetitive responses were diminished and the subsequent food intake was greater when protein was consumed as a beverage v. a solid meal.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduces macrophage lipoprotein lipase levels: an effect that is independent of tumor necrosis factor

Human monocyte-derived macrophages secrete lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in culture. The regulation of human macrophage LPL production is poorly understood. Since bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters production of several macrophage secretory products, its effect on human monocyte-derived macrophage LPL was tested. LPS treatment produced a dramatic dose-dependent decrease in LPL activity in macrophage-conditioned media. At 100 ng/ml LPS, medium LPL activity dropped by 60%. The effect of LPS on macrophage LPL activity was rapid, was blocked by polymixin B, and was not due to cytotoxicity. LPS lowers (by about 60%) the steady state level of LPL mRNA, suggesting that its effect is exerted at the level of mRNA metabolism. Since LPS stimulates macrophage production of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potent inhibitor of LPL production by the 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cell line, it was determined whether TNF reduces macrophage LPL levels. Treatment of human macrophages with up to 1000 U/ml of recombinant human TNF had no effect on macrophage LPL activity. When TNF was added in combination with LPS, no additional effect on LPL activity was observed over that seen with LPS alone. Furthermore, the LPS effect was not blocked by a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody. Thus, bacterial LPS potently decreases macrophage LPL activity and mass independent of an autocrine effect of TNF.
Designing an acoustics-powered Automated External Defibrillator battery charger

Technology in today's era is often favored when it offers the potential for eco-friendly or ‘green’ alternatives for energy. Solar power, wind power and hydropower technology have already been incorporated into various applications for consumer use. Another source from which energy can be generated is sound, with the help of piezoelectrics. Piezoelectrics have been used for many years in microphones, telephones and other common devices, but only recently has the idea of energy harvesting through a piezoelectric material been utilized. The specific application of piezoelectrics in this project is to charge the Automated External Defibrillator (AED). The placement of AEDs in public locations has helped save thousands of lives each year from episodes of sudden cardiac arrest. One issue that arises, however, is the depletion in the battery charge over time, even when the AED is not used. Implementing piezoelectrics into this application can enable the AED battery to be recharged after use or after remaining on standby mode for an extended period of time, thereby increasing its overall lifespan and reducing costs of maintenance.
Second century megadrought in the Rio Grande headwaters, Colorado: How unusual was medieval drought?

[1] A new tree-ring record from living and remnant bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) wood from the headwaters region of the Rio Grande River, Colorado is used in conjunction with other regional records to evaluate periods of unusually severe drought over the past two millennia (B.C. 268 to A.D. 2009). Our new record contains a multi-century period of unusual dryness between 1 and 400 A.D., including an extreme drought during the 2nd century. Characterized by almost five decades of drought (below average ring width), we hypothesize this megadrought is equally, if not more severe than medieval period megadroughts in this region. Published paleoclimate time series help define the spatial extent, severity, and potential causes of the 2nd century megadrought. Furthermore, this early period of unusual dryness has intriguing similarities to later medieval period aridity. Our findings suggest we should anticipate similar severe drought conditions in an even warmer and drier future.
Financial Statement Outcomes When Alternative Derivative Hedging Designations Exist

When alternate reporting methods exist, financial statement preparers tend to select methods that provide more favorable results. Certain hedging transactions may be designated as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. Both designations achieve the objective of matching the gain on the derivative with the loss on the hedged item in the same reporting period. However, the cash flow hedge accounting tends to create a greater appearance of equity volatility.
Toward a Growth-Friendly Fiscal Consolidation in Belgium

Belgium faces two main fiscal challenges that call for a durable fiscal consolidation. First, at above 105 percent of GDP, public debt creates vulnerabilities. Second, the aging population and early access to pension benefits will lead in the medium term to significant fiscal costs. To address these challenges, the government plans to achieve a balanced budget (both headline and structural) by 2018. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether government plans meet the objectives of growth-friendly and sustainable adjustment. It is organized as follows. The first section describes Belgium’s record of fiscal consolidation. The second section highlights the features of a high quality fiscal consolidation in Belgium. The third section analyzes the implications of decentralization for fiscal consolidation.
The Hidden Persuader: The Role of the Advisor in Negotiations and Group Decision Making—Perspectives from the European Union

Theoretical models of negotiation and group decision making often overlook or at least do not fully account for the important role played by persons who advise negotiators and participants in group decision making. Sight unseen, advisors are often “hidden persuaders,” important but unrecognized sources of influence on the negotiation dynamic. This article explores the roles and methods of advisors in the negotiation process, drawing on survey research conducted in 2013 among approximately seventy advisors at the European Union Council of Ministers. Defining advice as “ $$\ldots $$ a communication from one person (the advisor) to another (the client) for the purpose of helping that second person determine a course of action for solving a particular problem $$\ldots $$ ”, the author considers the nature of advice and the range of relationships that may exist between advisors and their clients. He argues that advising is much more than the mere transmittal of information from advisor to negotiator and that for advice to be effective a relationship must exist between the two parties. The author identifies three models of the advisor–negotiator relationship. Model I is the advisor as director, wherein the advisor tends to take control of the negotiating process, directing the negotiator in actions that the negotiator should take to achieve success at the negotiation. Model II is the advisor as servant in which the advisor merely responds to the demands of the client for help and guidance in the negotiation. Model III is the advisor as partner, wherein advisor and negotiator jointly manage the advising process and together take co-ownership of the problem to be solved. The author then explores the factors that lead advisors and negotiators to adopt each of these three models, the various advising styles that advisors adopt, and the differing effects on the negotiation process that these elements may have, drawing on historical examples as well as survey data from the EU Council of Ministers. He concludes by offering advice about advising to three important professional groups—scholars, negotiators, and advisors—on ways to carry out their respective functions more effectively.
Effects of Ferromagnetic Capping Layers on the Perpendicular Anisotropy of Ni/Cu(001) Films.

The effects of ferromagnetic capping layers on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Ni/Cu(001) have been studied. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism was used to obtain element specific magnetic information, including hysteresis loops for both in-plane and perpendicular magnetization. A 15 ML Ni/Cu(001) film maintains its perpendicular magnetic orientation after the addition of a 2.5 ML Fe capping layer. The Fe capping layer reduces the area of the Ni hysteresis loop by a factor of 2.0. A 2.0 ML capping layer of Co on 15 ML Ni/Cu(001) switches the easy axis of magnetization from perpendicular to in-plane.
Development of a Knowledge Base for Incorporating Technology into Courses

This article discusses a project resulting from the request of a group of faculty at The College at Brockport to create a website for best practices in teaching and technology. The project evolved into a knowledge base powered by WordPress. Installation and configuration of WordPress resulted in the creation of custom taxonomies and post types, selection, and detailed customization of the theme to mimic the look and feel of The College at Brockport. A subset of solutions was created to show the power of categories, tags, and other taxonomies.
Mechanical performance of hollow tetrahedral truss cores

Abstract Hollow tetrahedral truss cores composed of nanocrystalline nickel are fabricated and tested, and the resulting strengths compared to Nomex ® honeycomb, a sandwich core commonly in use in aerospace applications. We conduct a systematic finite element study to determine optimal geometric parameters of hollow tetrahedral truss cores given height and density constraints. We introduce nodal height truncation as an additional parameter for this architecture, and demonstrate that nodal truncation can yield further improvements in the shear and compression strength of truss cores. Informed by the finite element results, we proceed to fabricate specimens by additively manufacturing polymer templates, coating the templates with nanocrystalline nickel, and subsequently removing the templates resulting in free-standing, hollow truss cores. Mechanical testing demonstrates that judicious selection of the architecture of hollow truss cores results in structures with shear and compression strengths exceeding those of Nomex ® honeycombs at comparable densities.
Stimulating the Semantic Network: What Can TMS Tell Us about the Roles of the Posterior Middle Temporal Gyrus and Angular Gyrus?

Semantic knowledge plays a crucial role in guiding our everyday actions and lies at the heart of human communication. The availability of modern neuroimaging techniques has resulted in a vast number of studies that have advanced our understanding of different aspects of semantic processing. Whereas
Exploration of the Identification System of Xuzhou Medical College Students in Financial Difficulty and Financial Support under the New Situation

The identification system of college students in financial difficulty and financial support is the main reference for aid in Xuzhou Medical College.With improving state-funded standards in the fall of 2010,it's to be solved that system of financial difficulty and financial support not adapted to change in the new situation.Therefore,to establish a relatively perfect system of financial difficulty and financial support has an extremely important role to promote the equity and healthy development of education.Xuzhou Medical College for the study,we explore the improvement and innovation of the system that College students in financial difficulty and financial support under the new situation.
Exploiting length-dependent effects for the design of single-material systems with enhanced thermal transport properties

Abstract Topology optimization approaches for thermal transport problems generally rely on the presence of high contrast in thermal conductivity between constituent materials. Even though this might result in topological configurations that are optimal according to some desired thermal metric, the resulting systems might be impractical from a mechanical standpoint: high contrast in thermal conductivity generally translates into disparate ranges of thermal expansion, which in turn may lead to mechanical failure. In this paper, we focus on the combination of multi-scale modeling and topology optimization techniques for the design of polycrystalline single-material systems with enhanced thermal transport properties. Spatial variation of the length-dependent thermal conductivity is achieved by grading the characteristic grain size of the microstructure. We adopt a multi-scale approach to compute the attainable range of thermal conductivity due to grain-size effect, given maximum and minimum grain sizes and an operating temperature range. Then, we utilize an adaptive topology optimization technique to obtain an optimal grain size distribution, while accounting for manufacturing constraints. Through a series of specific examples, we demonstrate the extent to which thermal transport properties can be optimized without resorting to the adoption of multi-material systems.
Resistive and magnetic studies of Nd 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ and Pr 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ

We report resistivity, structural, and magnetic susceptibility [${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\mathrm{spin}(\mathrm{T})]}$ measurements for the compounds ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$. The Nd compound is superconducting with an onset transition temperature of 90 K, while the Pr compound is semiconducting above 4 K. The lattice parameters for these two materials have been determined using x-ray diffraction techniques, and both appear to be tetragonal, although the ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compound may exhibit some orthorhombic splitting. The high-temperature effective moments in the two systems are within a few percent of the free-ion moments. In each case the presence of significant curvature in the inverse susceptibility versus T behavior on the scale of 100 K suggests the presence of crystalline electric field splittings on the same energy scale. For the Pr compound this is further confirmed by a finite value for ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\mathrm{spin}}$(0) and a residual large constant term at high temperatures. The possible origin of semiconducting behavior as compared with superconducting behavior in the Nd and other rare-earth compounds is discussed in terms of differences in charge-carrier density and possible role of valence fluctuations among Pr rare-earth ions.
Dimensional analysis of small-scale steam explosion experiments

Dimensional analysis applied to Nelson's small-scale steam explosion experiments to determine the qualitative effect of each relevant parameter for triggering a steam explosion. According to experimental results, the liquid entrapment model seems to be a consistent explanation for the steam explosion triggering mechanism. The three-dimensional oscillatory wave motion of the vapor/liquid interface is analyzed to determine the necessary conditions for local condensation and production of a coolant microjet to be entrapped in fuel. It is proposed that different contact modes between fuel and coolant may involve different initiation mechanisms of steam explosions.
High Fat Diet (I): No Juice For The Ketotic Kid

This case discusses the food–drug interactions encountered with children on a ketogenic diet.
Uncharted Waters: Communicating Health Risks During the 2014 West Virginia Water Crisis

This study is among the first to examine how health risks are communicated through traditional and social media during a public health crisis. Using an innovative research approach, the study combined a content analysis with in-depth interviews to examine and understand how stakeholders involved in crisis response perceived media coverage after a chemical spill contaminated the drinking water of 300,000 West Virginia residents. A content analysis of print, television, and online media stories and tweets revealed that health risk information was largely absent from crisis coverage. Although traditional media stories were significantly more likely to include health information compared to tweets, public health sources were underutilized in traditional media coverage. Instead, traditional media favored the use of government sources outside the public health field, which stakeholders suggested was problematic because of a public distrust of officials and official information during the crisis. Results also indicated that Twitter was not a common or reliable source for health information but was important in the spread of other types of information. Ultimately, the study highlights a need for more deliberate media coverage of health risks and provides insight into how Twitter is used to spread crisis information.
The rapid cooling of a hot gas discharge by liquid sprays

The cooling effect of liquid droplets introduced into a hot gas stream flowing in an adiabatic duct is analysed. The coupled interaction between the changes in the droplets and in the surrounding gas conditions is examined as a result of droplets vaporization. It was found that the use of liquid sprays as a rapid cooling process for a hot gas discharge is quite effective.
24-Month pharmacotherapy residency: The what and how behind these programs

Abstract Purpose To describe available 24-month pharmacotherapy residency programs. Methods Eligible residency programs were identified using the American Society of Health-System Pharmacy (ASHP) and American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) online directory of postgraduate programs. Initial information was gathered via a program description search on the World Wide Web. Following the initial search, program directors were contacted to verify current information and complete missing data. Descriptive statistics were utilized to report the data. Results Thirteen programs were identified and all programs responded. The majority of programs had multiple practice sites ( n = 7; 54%) and an affiliation with a college or school of pharmacy ( n = 11; 85%). Additionally, 62% ( n = 8) receiving some funding for the residency program through a college or school of pharmacy. Although most programs had a primarily acute care focus, all programs required both acute care and ambulatory care experiences. Overall, 62% ( n = 8) of programs offered a rotation coupling strategy. All programs required completion of a research project, allowing flexibility for a large two year project as appropriate. Academic experiences were available in all programs; however, experience was more prevalent in programs with academic funding. When combined, programs report the following average residency time allocations: 61% patient care, 15% research, 15% teaching, and 9% leadership/service. Conclusions Minimal information is available comparing 24-month pharmacotherapy programs, providing a barrier to interested students, student mentors, and potential residency program directors. While diversity exists between required and elective experiences, all offer a mix of acute and ambulatory care clinical experiences. Graduates are equipped with diverse experiences, allowing versatility in the delivery of patient care. Additionally, residents are often afforded the opportunity to participate in teaching, service, and scholarship. Utilizing knowledge of the characteristics of currently available programs may help future programs structure diverse 24-month pharmacotherapy residencies and enhance student understanding of what these programs have to offer.
Evaluation of Blood Group Conversion Following ABO-Incompatible Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT)

Title: Evaluation of blood group conversion following ABO-incompatible Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT). Background: While there have been a number of reports concerning the influence of AB0 incompatibility on hematopoietic transplantation (HCT) outcomes, data evaluating post-HCT blood group conversions following ABO incompatible transplants remains extremely limited. Methods: We performed a single centre retrospective analysis of 97 patients undergoing major or minor or bidirectional ABO-mismatched bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) between January2005 – April 2014, in whom engraftment had occurred and blood group data was available. The aim of the study was to analyse the red cell ABO phenotype (forward grouping) and levels of anti-A/B antibodies (reverse grouping) in these patients following the ABO-mismatched transplants. Results: 97 patients transplanted between January 2004 and April 2014 were included in the analysis. There were 40 (41%) matched sibling, 32 (33%) matched unrelated and 25 (26%) CB transplants. Indications for HSCT included both haematological malignancies (n=87) and benign conditions (n=10). Of these donor recipient pairs, there were 44 (45%) minor, 39 (40%) major and 14 (15%) bidirectional ABO mismatches. All patients had achieved full donor type chimerism at the time of analysis. Analysis of post –HCT blood group conversion was performed in each of the three groups. Amongst the major mismatch patients (n=39), all had conversion of RBC phenotype to donor ABO phenotype and loss of their host derived anti-donor ABO antibodies. Interestingly, in the minor mismatch patients who were tested (n=44), all the patients had conversion of their RBC phenotype, but 43 out of 44 patients failed to produce recipient directed anti-ABO antibodies. Similarly in the bidirectional mismatch group, all 14 patients converted to donor ABO phenotype, but none produced recipient directed anti-ABO antibodies. Conclusion: In one of the largest study looking at this issue, our study demonstrated the lack of a development of recipient directed anti A/B antibodies despite complete donor chimerism in the majority (1 out of 58) of patients undergoing minor or bidirectional ABO-mismatched HSCT. We postulate that this phenomenon may be due to the donor B cell tolerance against host ABO antigen due to the presence of host A and B antigens within other body tissues. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Aging and Caloric Restriction Research: A Biological Perspective With Translational Potential

Aging as a research pursuit is fairly new compared with traditional lines of medical research. A growing field of investigators is focused on understanding how changes in tissue biology, physiology, and systemic homeostasis, conspire to create increased vulnerability to disease as a function of age. Aging research as a discipline is necessarily broad; in part because aging itself is multi-faceted and in part because different model systems are employed to define the underlying biology. In this review we outline aspects of aging research that are likely to uncover the pivotal events leading to age-related disease vulnerability. We focus on studies of human aging and discuss the value of research on caloric restriction, an intervention with proven efficacy in delaying aging. We propose that studies such as these will deliver target factors and processes that create vulnerability in human aging, an advance that would potentially be transformative in clinical care.
Embedded Class Labels

A picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes a lot more. In many applications, the ability to see what a classification model is seeing is invaluable. This is especially true when the model is processing signals or images, which by nature have a visual representation. If the developer can study examples of the features that the model is associating with each class, this lucky developer may be clued in to strengths and weaknesses of the model. In this chapter, we will see how this can be done.