cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La enseñanza programada aplicada a las conductas de autocuidado

In the introduction of this article the self-care behaviour is defined and peinted out in relation to the basic independence habits and to the socialbehaviour and goes on to emphasize the fonctional and preventive importance of the apprenticeship of this kind of repertory and its didactic programming .In second place and after some reflexions about the programmed teaching in our country at the present moment, the steps to follow in the elaboration of the didactics programmes on self-care behaviour are described: preliminary problems in the programming, definition of the didactic objectives, the type of programme to be used and ways of evaluation and validation of the programmes.Special emphasis in mode on the redaction of operative objectives aftermore general objectives and in various aspects of the mathetic programming of T.F. Gilbert, practically unknown in our educational means.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN FRESH AND IN CANNED SWEET POTATOES

The content of 16 essential elements was determined in fresh and canned sweet potatoes by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The elemental content of fresh sweet potatoes was compared with that of canned sweet potatoes. All data were analyzed statistically. There were significantly lower amounts of copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and zinc in canned sweet potatoes than in fresh sweet potatoes and no significant differences in calcium, chloride, iron, manganese, and sodium between the fresh and canned samples. Percentages of the established and estimated RDA's show that fresh and canned sweet potatoes are relatively good sources of potassium and relatively fair sources of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and phosphorus. Retention of elements in the canned sweet potatoes ranged from 53% to 92%. When the content of elements in the canned syrup is considered, element retention was virtually 100%.
The logarithmic transformation and the geometric mean in reporting experimental IgE results: what are they and when and why to use them?

Background Immunologic data, such as IgE and interleukin 4, tend to have positively skewed distributions with a long tail of larger values. This renders analyses based on normal distribution theory questionable (eg, t tests and analysis of variance) and distorts the sample mean as a measure of central tendency. These problems can be addressed through analysis of log-transformed data. Data analyzed in this fashion are summarized with the geometric mean. Objective To elucidate the use of the logarithmic transform and the geometric mean in the analysis of immunologic data. Methods The analysis may be conducted by transforming the data to a logarithmic scale to achieve a bell-shaped (approximately normal) distribution. The bell-shaped distribution needed to validate statistical inferences is only achieved in the transformed scale. In summarizing the research findings, the statistical analyst usually will transform means and confidence intervals from the logarithmic scale back to the original scale of measurement. Statistical inferences in the log scale remain valid for the data. The result of back transforming the mean of logarithmic values to the original scale is the geometric mean. This statistic is less subject to distortion by the unusually large values in the tail of the positively skewed distribution of the data. Results A brief example is used to illustrate this type of analysis. Conclusions Logarithmic transformation permits valid statistical inference for positively skewed immunologic data. A result of this analysis is the geometric mean, which is a better measure of central tendency of this data type than the usual sample mean.
Microvascular reconstruction after intra-arterial chemotherapy with concomitant radiation.

ObjectiveWhile the success of microvascular reconstruction is well established, even in the setting of prior radiotherapy, the outcomes in the setting of prior chemoradiation are less well documented. We present our experience with microvascular reconstruction in a unique cohort of patients previously treated with concomitant hyperfractionated radiation and intra-arterial chemotherapy (HYPERRADPLAT). Despite the observation in prior studies of minimal vessel damage in this setting, the hypothesis of this study is that in the late setting of most salvage surgical therapy, either for recurrence or osteoradionecrosis, a different, progressive level of vessel injury may be encountered.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral academic medical center practice.Subjects and MethodsEighty-four patients received primary treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with HYPERRADPLAT. Of these, 8 patients (10%) underwent free tissue transfer reconstruction and a total of 11 f...
A convenient synthesis and a NMR study of the diammoniate of diborane.

DADB synthesis: The diammoniate of diborane (DADB) was synthesized in a new metathesis reaction between the diammoniate of monochloroborane and potassium borohydride in liquid ammonia. (1)H and (11)B NMR spectra of DADB are reported. The stability in THF was examined by variable-temperature (11)B NMR spectroscopy.
ASSESSING EXPORT OPTIMISM VERSUS EXPORT PESSIMISM IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES

This paper attempts to reconcile two major conflicting viewpoints regarding the effects of export expansion on economic growth. The first, export optimism, looks to supply factors such as international competitiveness with the view that a favourable export performance results in significant economic growth for a country. The second, export pessimism, argues that exports only contribute significantly to a country's economic growth when the external demand is favourable. Using the Expansion Methodology, the paper shows that the effects of demand and supply factors on the relationship between export growth and economic growth are about the same. The results suggest that while unfavourable demand weakens the aforementioned relationship, tropical countries can offset this by being competitive in their exports. They also caution against excessive weight being given to export-promotion by export optimists as the exports-growth relationship weakens considerably when the external demand falls.
Glucose deprivation inhibits multiple key gene expression events and effector functions in CD8+ T cells†

We recently reported that differentiation of CD8(+) T cells from the naive to the effector state involves the upregulation of glucose-dependent metabolism. Glucose deprivation or inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) selectively inhibited production of IFN-gamma but not of IL-2. To determine a more global role of glucose metabolism on effector T-cell function, we performed gene array analysis on CD8(+) effector T cells stimulated in the presence or absence of 2-DG. We observed that expression of only 10% of genes induced by TCR/CD28 signaling was inhibited by 2-DG. Among these were genes for key cytokines, cell cycle molecules, and cytotoxic granule proteins. Consistent with these results, production of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF, cell cycle progression, upregulation of cyclin D2 protein, cytolytic activity, and upregulation of granzyme B protein and also conjugate formation were exquisitely glucose-dependent. In contrast to glucose, oxygen was little utilized by CD8(+) effector T cells, and relative oxygen deprivation did not inhibit these CTL functional properties. Our results indicate a particularly critical role for glucose in regulating specific effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and have implications for the maintenance of the effector phase of cellular immune responses in target tissue microenvironments such as a solid tumor.
High resolution profiles of elements in Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) scales obtained via cross-sectioning and laser ablation ICP-MS: a literature survey and novel approach for scale analyses

Fish scales may be used as nonlethal alternative structures to otoliths for establishing chemical time-series that trace migration and habitat use for euryhaline species such as Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus). We survey four decades of fish scale studies employing elemental analyses to show the wide diversity of aims, approaches and instrumentation. Analyses are mainly solution-based measurements of whole or subsampled scales or in situ solid-sampling techniques of specific growth regions. Although spot-based transects across scales have been employed for a handful of species, continuous elemental transects across scale growth increments are rare. Laser ablation based sampling methods that assay scale exteriors can be difficult to implement for species with natural topographic variations exceeding the focal range of the laser. These limitations may be overcome by performing laser ablation of scales in cross-section when scale thickness in the well-calcified external layer provides enough surface area for a laser transect. For this study, scales of Atlantic tarpon were embedded in epoxy and longitudinally cross-sectioned to expose the scale growth record of the external layer. Laser ablation ICP-MS was used to quantify continuous profiles of element:Ca ratios across scale growth increments. The analytes surveyed (Mg, P, Ca, Mn, Sr, and Ba) were consistently above the limits of detection (LODs) across each scale with the exception of Pb for one scale. Obtaining high resolution elemental life history profiles from scales will be essential for future efforts to use this structure as a non-lethal substitute for otoliths in Atlantic tarpon and other migratory fishes that possess scales with sufficiently thick calcified external layers to permit a cross-sectional approach.
Law and technology

The conclusion of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) in 1994 established a minimum baseline for regulating access to technology and knowledge goods. This global regime of intellectual property rights has since been a contentious aspect of modern economic relations. It has been viewed by consumers around the world as a significant barrier to access to technology and associated knowledge goods, including stymieing opportunities for social and political engagement by citizens. Public disenchantment with intellectual property as a primary regulator of access to technology could be addressed by the explicit linkage of proprietary rights to a new welfare axis comprised of development aspirations, human rights norms, and liberty considerations. To the extent social norms that develop around new technologies facilitate positive returns recognized by these complementary legal regimes, intellectual property rights that are in tension with these regimes will likely continue to lose moral sway, making the future of the TRIPS Agreement far less stable and its minimum obligations more costly to enforce. Moreover, gaps in how formal law and social norms regulate technology are not easily captured by the rigid prescriptions of treaty provisions, and thus the TRIPS Agreement is far less capable of serving the important role of shaping contemporary approaches to access to technology. As technology continues to reach deep into the private lives of citizens, and to affect the capacity and trajectory of national development in less-advanced economies, the design and construction of formal laws around which technology is produced, disseminated, and used will have greater import if they purposefully accommodate other legal orders whose norms resonate powerfully in advancing stylized visions of societal progress and human well-being.
The Sierra Leone Special Court and its Legacy: The Sentencing Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone

This book chapter examines the legacy that the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) leaves through its sentencing practice. The chapter begins by deconstructing the word 'legacy,' arguing that the SCSL leaves three types of sentencing legacies. First, the SCSL developed law relevant to sentencing. Although not binding on any other court, the SCSL’s statements regarding the appropriate goals of sentencing, the factors relevant to sentencing, and the weight to be given to these considerations will inform other international and perhaps national courts sentencing perpetrators of international crimes. This is the Court’s 'legal legacy'. Second, the Court’s legal holdings can be assessed normatively. Did the SCSL identify the right goals of sentencing and apply them appropriately? This is the Court’s 'normative legacy.' Finally, an important aspect of the SCSL’s sentencing legacy – perhaps the most important – is the perceptions of relevant audiences about whether the Court’s sentencing practice was appropriate. This is the Court’s 'sociological legacy'. The chapter examines each of these aspects of the SCSL’s sentencing legacy and concludes that although it is too soon to reach definitive conclusions, the SCSL’s legal legacy will likely be important and lasting while its normative and sociological legacies remain ambiguous and contested.
Study of the mechanical behavior of the hydride blister/rim structure in Zircaloy-4 using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Abstract High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the mechanical response of the f.c.c δ hydride phase, the intermetallic precipitation with hexagonal C14 lave phase and the α -Zr phase in the Zircaloy-4 materials with a hydride rim/blister structure near one surface of the material during in-situ uniaxial tension experiment at 200 °C. The f.c.c δ was the only hydride phase observed in the rim/blister structure. The conventional Rietveld refinement was applied to measure the macro-strain equivalent response of the three phases. Two regions were delineated in the applied load versus lattice strain measurement: a linear elastic strain region and region that exhibited load partitioning. Load partitioning was quantified by von Mises analysis. The three phases were observed to have similar elastic modulus at 200 °C.
A retrospective study of adolescents' visits to a general hospital psychiatric emergency service.

Characteristics of 100 visits by adolescents (less than 18 years old) to a psychiatric emergency service were examined and compared with those of 100 visits by adults. Adolescents were less likely than adults to receive diagnoses of psychosis and personality disorder but more likely to receive diagnoses of adjustment and conduct disorders, were less likely to have had previous psychiatric treatment but equally likely (40%) to be in current treatment, and required more time to evaluate. Self-destructive ideation or behavior was present in 40% of the adolescents. Nearly all visits were judged to have represented genuine emergencies. Language: en
Screening for Gonorrhea: Recommendation Statement

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians screen all sexually active women, including those who are pregnant, for gonorrhea infection if they are at increased risk for infection (that is, if they are young or have other individual or population risk factors; see
Bidirectional signaling in the competence regulatory pathway of Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans expresses comX (also known as sigX), which encodes a sigma factor that is required for development of genetic competence, in response to the peptide signals XIP and CSP and environmental factors. XIP (sigX inducing peptide) is derived from ComS and activates comX unimodally in chemically defined media via the ComRS system. CSP (competence stimulating peptide) activates comX bimodally in peptide-rich media through the ComDE two-component system. However, CSP-ComDE activation of comX is indirect and involves ComRS. Therefore, the bimodality of CSP-dependent activation of comX may arise from either ComRS or ComDE. Here we study, at the single-cell level, how genes in the CSP signaling pathway respond to CSP, XIP and media. Our data indicate that activation of comX stimulates expression of comE. In addition, activation of comE requires intact comR and comS genes. Therefore, not only does CSP-ComDE stimulate the ComRS pathway to activate comX expression, but ComRS activation of comX also stimulates expression of the CSP-ComDE pathway and its regulon. The results demonstrate the mutual interconnection of the signaling pathways that control bacteriocin expression (ComDE) and genetic competence (ComRS), both of which are linked to lytic and virulence behaviors.
Abstract 4854: Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy

Metabolic and therapeutic stress can simultaneously provoke both adaptive and apoptotic responses in cancer cells. The sum of these programmed signals determines the fate of the cell: cell death or cell survival. As the catalogue of defects in pathways that control apoptosis in human tumors is expanding, understanding the significance of the alternative stress fate, autophagy, has become increasingly important. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nuclear protein, acting as an architectural chromatin-binding factor that bends DNA and promotes protein assembly on specific DNA targets. In addition to its intranuclear roles, HMGB1 was also discovered recently to function as an extracellular signaling molecule during inflammation, cell differentiation, cell migration, and tumor metastasis. Ethyl pyruvate was first identified as an experimental agent that ameliorated inflammation, significantly reducing circulating levels of HMGB1 in animals with sepsis. Similarly, glycyrrhizin was identified as a direct small-molecule inhibitor of HMGB1 release and activity. To determine whether inhibition of HMGB1 release sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy, we pretreated cell with ethyl pyruvate or glycyrrhizin. These inhibitors attenuated melphalan-induced HMGB1 release. Moreover, inhibition of HMGB1 decreased autophagy by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and LC3-II/p62 levels assay, and increased apoptosis by flow cytometry and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) assays in Panc2.03 and HCT116 tumor cells when treated with chemotherapy. To further characterize the role of HMGB1 release in cancer cells following chemotherapy, a target-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to HMGB1 was transferred into Panc2.03 and HCT116 tumor cells. Transfection of HMGB1-shRNA led to a significant decrease in HMGB1 protein as well as release in these cells. Depletion of HMGB1 by shRNA in these cells decreased autophagy and rendered them significantly more sensitive to melphalan-induced apoptotic cell death. Thust HMGB1 release links autophagy and apoptosis, and serves as a potential drug target for therapeutic intervention. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4854.
IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF PCI APPROPRIATENESS ON QUALITY OF CARE AND OUTCOMES: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE TOP PCI STUDY AND THE NCDR-CATH PCI REGISTRY

Hospitals have been under increasing scrutiny regarding potentially inappropriate PCI. However, little is known about contemporary patterns of institutional review of PCI appropriateness and the impact of these programs on procedural appropriateness. The TOP PCI study surveyed 500 hospitals
Developmental Changes in Weight and Hemolymph Total Solids in the Sixth Instar of Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In spring and winter generations of the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Hubner), female larvae are heaviest at the fourth day after the fifth ecdysis, their weight decreasing subsequently, but in summer generations their weight continues to increase until the sixth day. Spring and winter males show weight changes similar to those of females of the same generations, but the summer males, in contrast, maintain a constant weight from the fourth to the sixth day after ecdysis. In spring and winter generations, the hemolymph of female larvae has a higher refractive index than that of male larvae at the fourth and subsequent days after the fifth ecdysis, but in summer generations this difference is not evident until the sixth clay. The hemolymph refractive index increases during the prepupal stage. This is at variance with findings on various silkworm species which characteristically incorporate hemolymph proteins and amino acids into silk at this time. It is consistent with previously published work and the analysis of the present findings, to associate the variation in total wet weight and plasma refractive index with the interaction between progressive larval differentiation and metamorphosis phenomena. Upon these are superimposed fluctuations ascribed to sex, genetic change, and host-plant composition. The data obtained in this study suggest that, as a gauge of larval age in populations of healthy insects, plasma refractive index measurements may be more reliable than measurements of wet weight.
EFFICACY OF Torac Tank-MIXTURES against WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the trial was to compare the efficacy of Torac tank-mixtures to industry standards for western flower thrips control on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Big Green COS’ was direct seeded on 27 Nov, 2012 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. All foliar sprays were applied on 1, 13 and 26 Feb. The applications were made with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application at 40 psi and 22.5 gpa through 2 TXVS-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from 5 plants per replicate were recorded at various sample dates following each application (DAT). Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 inch x 7 inch x 2 inch) for a predetermined time (10 s). A 6 inch by 6 inch sticky card was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky cards were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were transformed using a log10 (x + 1) function before analysis and subjected to ANOVA; means were compared using an F-protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Means from non-transformed data are presented in the tables.
Safety and Efficacy of β Agonists

Both short-acting and long-acting β agonists have been used for many years for the treatment of asthma. Short-acting β agonists are life-saving and their role as rescue agents is unquestioned, but regular use is not recommended because of safety concerns and the effectiveness of asthma-controller medications. Long-acting β agonists are effective controller medications but have safety issues, so their use should be restricted to patients who are not optimally controlled on first-line controllers such as inhaled corticosteroids. The effect of the β receptor genotype on β agonist response is unclear but could hold promise for proper patient management.
Study on genetic diversity in five Xinjiang sheep populations using mtDNA marker

In order to study on genetic variation within population and between populations of five indigenous Xinjiang sheep populations,the study analyzed the genetic diversity of sheep populations using mtDNA marker based on PCR-SSCP and subsequent clone sequencing.The result indicated there were three mtDNA lineages(A,B,C)identified in five sheep populations.A lineage was primary in Chinese sheep.B lineage was primary in European sheep in previous reports.
Molecular imaging of autoimmune diseases and inflammation.

Molecular imaging methods allow the noninvasive detection and localization of specific molecules. Agents that report on molecular disease biomarkers can be used to diagnose and monitor disease. Man...
Customizing Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Abuse: Current and Future Applications

Monoclonal antibody-based medications designed to bind (+)-methamphetamine (METH) with high affinity are among the newest approaches to the treatment of METH abuse and the associated medical complications. The potential clinical indications for these medications include treatment of overdose, reduction of drug dependence, and protection of vulnerable populations from METH-related complications. Research designed to discover and conduct preclinical and clinical testing of these antibodies suggests a scientific vision for how intact monoclonal antibody (mAb) (singular and plural) or small antigen-binding fragments of mAb could be engineered to optimize the proteins for specific therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss keys to success in this development process including choosing predictors of specificity, efficacy, duration of action, and safety of the medications in disease models of acute and chronic drug abuse. We consider important aspects of METH-like hapten design and how hapten structural features influence specificity and affinity, with an example of a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of a high-affinity antibody to demonstrate this structural relationship. Additionally, several prototype anti-METH mAb forms such as antigen-binding fragments and single-chain variable fragments are under development. Unique, customizable aspects of these fragments are presented with specific possible clinical indications. Finally, we discuss clinical trial progress of the first in kind anti-METH mAb, for which METH is the disease target instead of vulnerable central nervous system networks of receptors, binding sites, and neuronal connections.
Constituents of cigarette smoke inhibit human granulosa cell aromatase

Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that women smokers have lower endogenous estrogen levels than nonsmokers. The effects of aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke on aromatase were evaluated in cultures of human granulosa cells. Aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke inhibited the conversion of androstenedione (delta 4A) to estradiol in a dose-dependent manner. Dialysis experiments demonstrated that 90% of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke was in the less than 1000 mol wt fraction. Removal of the aqueous extract of cigarette smoke from the culture medium resulted in a complete reversal of the inhibition of delta 4A aromatization. Addition of supraphysiologic concentrations of delta 4A (73 microM) to the culture medium blocked the smoke-induced inhibition of aromatization. Two low-molecular-weight components of cigarette smoke, nicotine and anabasine, inhibited granulosa cell aromatase in a dose-dependent manner. These studies suggest that constituents of cigarette smoke inhibit a major steroidogenic pathway.
Turbulent Exchange Characteristics in the Hypolimnion Layer of Lake Ontario

Flow regime and turbulence characteristics in a hypolimnion of Lake Ontario are determined using time series current measurements from a vertical string of moored current meters and a bottom mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The diffusion and turbulent structures of the water column are parameterised in terms of horizontal exchange coefficients for momentum ( Kx and Ky ) during these deployments. The analysis suggests that the structure of the turbulent fluctuations is isotropic. The kinetic energy and horizontal exchange coefficients decrease with depth. The mean flow at all moorings appears to be strongly correlated with the zonal surface wind stress. Fifteen to twenty metres above the bottom, the flow is marked by an increase in kinetic energy, turbulence intensities, and eddy viscosity coefficients. Strong episodic wind impulse decreases horizontal exchange coefficients through the water column but probably enhances the vertical mixing due to increase in current shear. It is suggested that the associated current-induced sediment resuspension may contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a Nepheloid layer in Lake Ontario.
Role of the Deposition Precursor Molecules in Defining Oxidation State of Deposited Copper in Surface Reduction Reactions on H-Terminated Si(111) Surface.

Surface-limited deposition reactions leading to the formation of copper nanoparticles on H-terminated Si(111) surface can serve as a model for understanding the role of structure of the deposition precursor molecules in determining the oxidation state of the metal deposited. This study compares three different precursor molecules: Cu(acac)2 (Cu(II) acetylacetonate), Cu(hfac)2, and Cu(hfac)VTMS (Cu(I)-(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)-vinyltrimethylsilane) as copper deposition sources in a process with a controlled oxidation state of copper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that single-electron reduction governs the deposition of Cu(I) from the first two precursor molecules and that the last of the precursors studied yields predominantly metallic copper. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and infrared spectroscopy are utilized to interrogate surface species produced. Atomic force microscopy is used to quantify the deposition process and to follow the size distribution of the depos...
Religion as a Catalyst for Peacebuilding in Jos, Plateau State North Central Nigeria

The high level of illiteracy and lack of religious understanding throughout the Nigerian population have only furthered the division among people and contributed to the many violent outcomes that have taken place between youth, especially within Jos Plateau State. Despite the intentional and unfortunate misuse of religion by some in Northern Nigeria for selfish interests, religion does have a prominent role to play in forging and fostering peace in the once known “Home of Peace and Tourism,” as Jos was once called before the crisis began. Christians and Muslims share many similar teachings, understandings, and desires for peace. Now more than ever, the chapter argues, it is important for them to revert back to the words written by their founders, especially in regard to peace, therefore allowing religious leaders to utilize their collective religions as a catalyst for the construction and sustainability of peace in Jos, North Central Nigeria.
The Phenomenological Status of the World: Possibility and Actuality

The phenomenological method is particularly well-suited to address the theme of the 51st International Phenomenology Congress, “The Controversy over the Existence of the World,” since Edmund Husserl devised its method specifically to provide an account of the possibility of the experience of the world that we encounter in daily life. Husserl suggests a thought experiment at the beginning of phenomenologizing: imagine the destruction of the entire universe. The thinker sees that the experiment cannot be executed in its entirety since the acts of a conscious subject must remain as the source of the condition of the possibility of executing the experiment. This peculiar thought experiment, the transcendental phenomenological reduction, performs the service of releasing objects from a metaphysics of substance that presupposes the independence of objects from the subjects that experience them. The reduction reveals instead that subjects are more basic epistemologically than the objects that derive from subjects experience of them. Objects only become such since they are intended by a conscious subject; objects can be only for subjects. Consciousness is a necessary condition for meanings, including all that we mean when we wonder if this world is the real world. Yet, Husserl knows that thinking cannot make it so.
Photonic Structure Textile Design for Localized Thermal Cooling Based on a Fiber Blending Scheme

There is great potential for energy savings in buildings if temperature set points of cooling systems can be extended by 1–2 °C (2–4 °F) provided that the thermal comfort of building occupants is maintained. Since most body heat is dissipated through thermal radiation, the photonic properties of textiles can play an essential role in localized thermal cooling. Current textiles are very opaque at infrared wavelengths and prevent the efficient transmission of thermal radiation from the human body when temperature set points are increased. In this work, we show a design approach for photonic structure textiles based on fiber materials that are both comfortable to wear and allow localized thermal cooling at increased set points. Our design principle is based on the blending of fibers that are largely infrared transparent to achieve efficient cooling and natural, infrared-opaque fibers for comfort of wearing. We use a full-vector electromagnetic field method to calculate our designs’ spectral, directional prop...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus: using the Tinnitus Functional Index to predict benefit in a randomized controlled trial.

Identifying characteristics associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) benefit would offer insight as to why some individuals experience tinnitus relief following TMS treatment, whereas others do not. The purpose of this study was to use the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) and its subscales to identify specific factors associated with TMS treatment responsiveness. Individuals with bothersome tinnitus underwent 2000 pulses of 1-Hz TMS for 10 consecutive business days. The primary outcome measure was the TFI which yields a total score and eight individual subscale scores. Analyses were performed on baseline data from the active arm (n = 35) of a prospective, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of TMS for tinnitus. Baseline total TFI score and three of the eight TFI subscales were useful in differentiating between responders and nonresponders to TMS intervention for tinnitus. These findings are not definitive, but suggest potential factors that contribute to perceived benefit following TMS. Overall, the main factor associated with TMS benefit was a higher tinnitus severity score for responders at baseline. The TFI subscales helped to clarify the factors that contributed to a higher severity score at baseline. Large-scale prospective research using systematic approaches is needed to identify and describe additional factors associated with tinnitus benefit following TMS. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT01104207 . Registered on 13 April 2010.
Fitted Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii versus space-time variances in flow-dominated models

The inability of otherwise successful dynamical models to reproduce the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii extracted from two-particle correlations measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is known as the RHIC HBT Puzzle. Most comparisons between models and experiment exploit the fact that for Gaussian sources the HBT radii agree with certain combinations of the space-time widths of the source that can be directly computed from the emission function without having to evaluate, at significant expense, the two-particle correlation function. We here study the validity of this approach for realistic emission function models, some of which exhibit significant deviations from simple Gaussian behavior. By Fourier transforming the emission function, we compute the two-particle correlation function, and fit it with a Gaussian to partially mimic the procedure used for measured correlation functions. We describe a novel algorithm to perform this Gaussian fit analytically. We find that for realistic hydrodynamic models the HBT radii extracted from this procedure agree better with the data than the values previously extracted from the space-time widths of the emission function. Although serious discrepancies between the calculated and the measured HBT radii remain, we show that a more apples-to-apples comparison of models with data can play an importantmore » role in any eventually successful theoretical description of RHIC HBT data.« less
Intensions as such: an outline

The formal expression of pro positional attitudes, especially when nested (iterated), is an important problem for AI. An interesting first-order extensional logical system for such expression has been proposed by Creary. In this system concepts (and concepts of concepts, etc.) are made explicit. The system includes "concept functions", which are special functions which act on and deliver concepts. We point out a difficulty with these functions. A alternative system is proposed, in which there is a concept-forming function corresponding roughly to complex-concept formers (especially the phrase "the proposition that") implicit in English sentences. The resulting system has a more primitive and natural notional base than Creary's has. We avoid problems with quantification inside propositions which are the objects of propositional attitudes by recasting quantified expressions into variable-free form by means of certain functions ("combinators").
Sperm Antibody Status does not Correlate with Egg Penetration Ability

AbstractDuring a 6-month period 59 semen specimens were subjected to the direct immunobead test and 12 were positive (15% or more of sperm bound by IgA or IgG to the head, mid piece or principal piece of the tail, for an incidence of 20%). Mean motility and forward progression (scale of 0 to 4) were 47% (range 10 to 80) and 1.7 (range 1 to 3), respectively, in the positive test group, whereas these values were 53% (range 1 to 90) and 2.2 (range 1 to 3), respectively, in the negative test group. Sperm penetration assay was performed on 11 of the 12 direct immunobead test positive specimens. A normal sperm penetration assay score was noted in 5 of the 11 specimens (46%), a subfertile score in 4 (36%) and an infertile score (no penetrations) in 2 (18%). The incidence of scores in these 3 subcategories of fertility status in the direct immunobead test positive group did not differ significantly from distribution of scores from all 87 sperm penetration assays performed at our laboratory during the same period:...
Gene Expression in HIV-Associated Dementia

In past decades, the prime methods used for the study of genes and their respective products were Northern blots, Western blots, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. The applicability of these methods was restricted to the study of single genes or a few simultaneously (1,2).
Nanoscale Materials for Extremely High-Density Recording

This paper presents results on the growth and properties of ultrafine-grain composite and granular films that have high anisotropy and thus high coercivity. Elementary models for thermal stability, coercivity and noise are discussed, along with requirements to go significantly beyond 100 gigabits per square inch in areal density. Characterization of the interactions and thermal stability in such films are emphasized. Recently discovered films with excellent potential for extremely high-density recording are discussed briefly.
Demenz bei Down-Syndrom: Ein häufiger psychiatrischer Vorstellungsgrund

Einleitung Diese Studie untersucht die Pravalenz und klinischen Charakteristika von Demenzen bei psychiatrisch vorgestellten Erwachsenen mit Down-Syndrom und leitet Konsequenzen fur die klinische Praxis ab. Methodik Die Patientenmerkmale und Pravalenz von Demenz wurden retrospektiv (2005–2012, N = 75) bei Erwachsenen mit Down-Syndrom im klinisch-psychiatrischen Setting untersucht. Ergebnisse Bei jedem 3. Patienten mit Down-Syndrom wurde – in der Regel erst nach einer Verlaufsuntersuchung von 6 bis 12 Monaten – eine Demenz diagnostiziert. Patienten mit Demenz waren alter und haufiger weiblich, wahrend sich der Grad der Intelligenzminderung nicht unterschied. Die Schilddrusen- und Calciumwerte waren bei Menschen mit wie ohne Demenz haufig auffallig. Diskussion Demenz ist ein haufiger psychiatrischer Vorstellungsgrund bei Menschen mit Down-Syndrom, insbesondere bei Frauen und im hoheren Lebensalter. Die Versorgungsstrukturen in Deutschland sollten bedarfsgerecht angepasst werden.
Abstract 1260: Mechanism of skin cancer chemoprevention by dietary grape: A global proteomics approach

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), composed mainly of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC), is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in the United States, with more than 5 million cases diagnosed each year. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a major component of sunlight, is the primary contributing factor in the development of NMSCs. Based on research in the past few decades, the naturally occurring dietary antioxidants have shown considerable promise towards preventing or delaying the process of carcinogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that dietary grape powder (GP) imparts considerable chemopreventive effects against UVB exposure-mediated skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice (AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5263). Here, we extended our study to determine the molecular mechanisms associated with the observed chemopreventive response of grapes. We employed a quantitative proteomics approach to identify the mechanism of observed protective effects of GP against UVB exposure-mediated skin carcinogenesis. The trypsin-digested protein extracts from UVB exposure-mediated skin tumors excised from control and 5% GP-fed mice were labeled using TMT10plex isobaric mass tagging reagents, fractionated, and analyzed by high-resolution Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. Post-acquisition analysis was performed using MaxQuant and Perseus computational software. We found that approximately 2600 total proteins were modulated by GP consumption. In our first set of data reduction, we used cut-off parameters of a p-value less than 0.05, 3 unique peptides, and greater than 1.2 fold change. A low fold change threshold was selected due to ratio compression, a known phenomenon in isobaric mass tagging which leads to underestimation of quantitative ratios. The resulting subset of 239 proteins were then subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), which identified Acute Phase Response (APR), a systemic response to trauma which is linked to poor cancer prognosis when prolonged, as a pathway affected by GP. We observed modulations in nine APR proteins (APCS, HP, RBP1, FGB, FGA, CRABP2, C1S, HPX, IL36G, AMBP). Application of a more stringent data filter (permutation FDR q-value less than 0.07) exposed a subset of 20 proteins. When analyzed by IPA, the results suggested that GP affects signaling proteins associated with the 20s proteasome (PSMA6, PSMA3, and PSMB7) and 19s proteasome (UCHL5), both components of the 26s proteasome signaling, which plays an important role in cancer. Further studies are underway to validate our proteomics data. Citation Format: Charlotte A. Mintie, Chandra K. Singh, Mary A. Ndiaye, Gregory A. Barrett-Wilt, Nihal Ahmad. Mechanism of skin cancer chemoprevention by dietary grape: A global proteomics approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1260.
Hemicrania Continua: a Clinical Perspective on Diagnosis and Management

Hemicrania Continua (HC) is a daily and persistent form of headache that is characterized by side-locked pain which is continuous, varies in severity and can be associated with conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, eyelid edema, forehead or facial sweating and miosis and/or ptosis. Functional imaging studies have shown activation of subcortical structures such as the posterior hypothalamus and dorsal rostral pons, which are known to disinhibit the trigeminal autonomic reflex, a reflex responsible for autonomic outflow through trigeminal efferents. A similar pathway activation is seen in other Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) which solidifies HC as a TAC. While we also discuss promising treatments in our review, more evidence is needed before making them a standard of therapy for HC. This article aims to review the recent research on the diagnosis and clinical management of this potentially underdiagnosed primary headache disorder.
Health care access, costs, and treatment dynamics: Evidence from in vitro fertilization

We study public policies designed to improve access and reduce costs for in vitro fertilization (IVF). High out-of-pocket prices can deter potential patients from IVF, while active patients have an incentive to risk costly high-order pregnancies to improve their odds of treatment success. We analyze IVF's rich choice structure by estimating a dynamic model of patients' choices within and across treatments. Policy simulations show that insurance mandates for treatment or hard limits on treatment aggressiveness can improve access or costs, but not both. Insurance plus price-based incentives against risky treatment, however, can together improve patient welfare and reduce medical costs.
Socially-Beneficial Technologies in the African Marketplace: Product Perceptions and Consumer Preferences

The African marketplace is gradually opening to the external world and integrating into the global economy. An increasing number of foreign companies are striving to design and commercialize socially-beneficial technology products in African markets. However, many companies and their products fail in emerging economies, due to their lack of understanding of African consumers whose brand preferences, advice-seeking behaviors and perceptions of worth are largely unknown. This article uses data collected from 158 semi-structured interviews in rural Zambia to understand the perception of American (western), Chinese, and African products. Participants were presented with a series of photographs regarding different aspects of their preferences for solar lantern advertisements, country of origin, as well as perception of product worth. Participants had a strong preference for products presented and marketed as American, though advertisements featuring local ethnicities were favored. The aspirational motivations of the participants were a driving force behind their purchasing decisions. The results of this study provide actionable insights not only into product design but also product branding, positioning, and marketing in rural Zambia and other similar settings.
Transformative learning for computer science teachers: Examining how educators learn e-textiles in professional development

Abstract Recent international efforts have focused on broadening opportunities for students to learn computer science (CS) in schools, prompting expansion of professional development (PD) programs for educators. But there is little research supporting the ongoing professional needs of computing teachers. This qualitative study examined how in-service CS teachers approached, learned, and anticipated teaching a hands-on electronic-textiles unit. Our findings illustrate that “problems of practice” from the classroom served as a compass to guide CS educators’ learning in PD. We also share implications for key features of PD programs that can transform the pedagogical knowledge and classroom practices of experienced teachers.
Choral Singing in Prisons: Evidence-Based Activities to Support Returning Citizens:

Choral singing in prisons can help incarcerated individuals identify as returning citizens instead of felons. Shadd Maruna argues that while many legal and penal rituals exist to convince individua...
Flatband voltage stability and time to failure of MOCVD-grown SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 dielectrics on N-polar GaN

The flat-band voltage (VFB) stability and time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown of SiO2 and Si3N4 films grown in-situ on (000-1) N-polar GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated. The VFB of the SiO2-film was unstable only above a critical electric-field stress of 4.3 MV/cm, while the VFB of Si3N4 was unstable at both low and high electric fields. The Si3N4 film exhibited time to failure of 20 years occurring at an electric field of 4.9 MV/cm which was 3 MV/cm higher than that of SiO2. This study contributes to the understanding of dielectrics performance, devoted to next-generation N-polar GaN-based transistors.