cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Math Is Not a Spectator Sport: The Effect of Online Homework-Completion Tutoring on Community College Remedial Mathematics Performance

This article analyzes the findings from an 18-section experiment studying the effect of homework-completion tutoring on community college students’ remedial mathematics performance. The experiment involved 529 students registered for two remedial math courses: math skills and algebra. For each course, the experiment studied nine sections: three experimental with multiple tutors for online homework, three control with a single tutor for online homework, and three control with a single tutor for pencil-and-paper exercises. While state budget constraints delayed the availability of tutors for the experimental group until midway through the semester, that group outperformed the pencil-and-paper group at a 0.05 significance level, while the performance of the online homework control group categories surpassed those of the corresponding pencil-and-paper categories at up to a 0.001 significance level. In addition, for each course, math lab attendance for both the experimental and control online homework cohorts surpassed that of the pencil-and-paper cohorts. These results corroborate and extend earlier research and show the importance of active problem-solving rather than passive absorption in increasing remedial mathematics performance.
The Limits of Bargaining Power as an Interpretive Aid

This is a short response to a recent essay by Omri Ben-Shahar ("A Bargaining Power Theory of Default Rules," 109 Colum. L. Rev. 396 (2009)). It is part of a broader forthcoming analysis of contract interpretation.Professor Ben-Shahar argues that evidence of bargaining power should inform courts when they fill contractual gaps. I make several observations in response: (1) a significant portion of Ben-Shahar's argument applies not to gaps but to other kinds of contractual questions, and it has less force for gaps; (2) reliable evidence about bargaining power is often unavailable; (3) contracts should not be interpreted, generally speaking, based on an analysis of how parties have divided contractual surplus, because an intent regarding general surplus division does not follow from evidence regarding specific surplus divisions; and (4) even when one party is strong enough to apparently dictate terms, there is no good general reason to allow it to dictate specific terms ex post. In principle, my analysis is not meant to refute Professor Ben-Shahar's general line of reasoning but to suggest that bargaining power, though important theoretically, is unlikely to be useful as an independent interpretive aid in contract law.
Microcantilever Biosensors

Microcantilever arrays have been used for multiplexed, label-free detection of biomolecules. Adsorption of analyte molecules on immobilized receptors on the cantilevers result in cantilever bending due to surface free energy variation. Piezoresistive readout of cantilever bending offers a simple method of signal transduction that is compatible with microfabrication. Although the microcantilever-based biosensing appears to high sensitivity and selectivity, reproducibility of the technique appears to be a challenge. We have developed a novel method of immobilizing receptors that increases the reproducibility. We have demonstrated simultaneous detection of cancer and cardiac markers using cantilever arrays with immobilized receptors.
A Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy of Becoming

Marx’s importance for understanding the conditions of education, specifically public schooling, has ebbed and flowed within a landscape of intellectual impoverishment, where hierarchies have given ...
The Child Welfare Cartel, Redux

In response to “The Child Welfare Cartel,” defenders of the National Child Welfare Workforce Institute (NCWWI) make three errors: First, restricting federal funds to schools of social work is not authorized by the statute cited in the creation of NCWWI. Second, social work is not the only discipline engaged in child welfare, denying the emergence of Child Advocacy Studies as a competitor. Third, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not implausible in child welfare due to the complex issues presented by maltreated children and troubled families. This incorrect contention ignores the numerous field experiments deployed in psychology and nursing to the considerable benefit of those disciplines. Apologists for NCWWI thus make assertions typical of a cartel, resulting in outcomes that are unnecessarily substandard and expensive. If social workers are superior to nonprofessionals in child welfare, defenders of NCWWI should conduct an RCT putting that claim to test.
Field Dispersal of Laboratory-Reared Fertile Female Codling Moths and Population Suppression by Release of Sterile Males

An accidental release of 336 fertile Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) (168 ♂, 168 ♀) into an infestation-free orchard in the Wenas Valley near Yakima, Washington, provided valuable information concerning female dispersal and population suppression by the subsequent release of sterile males. The fertile × fertile matings occurring prior to the release of sterile males resulted in approximately 2030 entries in the orchard. About 90% of all infestation was within 1000 ft of the release area, and some infestation was observed as far away as 2000 ft. The release of 5425 sterile males within 24 hours of the fertile release and a followup release of 5000 sterile males 24 hours later, in addition to regular daily releases of about 1850 sterile moths (males and females) in the valley, are credited with limiting the fertile × fertile matings among the remaining estimated 90 unmated females to 0–4.
Disproportionate Juvenile Minority Confinement: A State-Level Assessment of Racial Threat

Research regarding disproportionate minority contact (DMC) and the juvenile justice system has concentrated on the extent to which DMC exists instead of why it exists. There remains a dearth of dis...
Abstract 3085: MicroRNA-186 inhibition alters cell proliferation and colony formation in prostate cancer

MicroRNAs (miRs), key regulators of cancer-related genes, are dysregulated in many solid tumors, including prostate cancer. However, the role of miR-186 in prostate cancer (PCA) requires further elucidation. Previously, we observed mature miR-186-5p was significantly up-regulated in the serum collected from PCA patients (n = 15) diagnosed with aggressive PCA (stage III/IV) disease compared to disease-free men (n = 5). In addition, miR-186 expression was significantly up-regulated in metastatic PCA cells (PC3) compared to a normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE1). Putative and predicted miR-186 gene targets in various cancers include pro-apoptotic and tumor suppression-related genes (e.g., P2×7, FOXO1, AKAP12). We hypothesized that miR-186 inhibition will reduce the aggressive PCA phenotype. To test this hypothesis, PC3 cells were transiently transfected with miR-186 inhibitor and scramble control for 24hrs. Cell viability and colony formation of transfected cells were evaluated via the ATPlite Luminescence assay and soft agar assay. We also evaluated expression profiles of predicted miR-186 gene targets in PCA cell lines and transiently transfected PC3 cells using qRT-PCR. Transient inhibition of miR-186 repressed cellular proliferation and colony formation by 48-58% in 72-96hrs and 30% after 21 days, respectively. We observed a 1.6-2.24 fold up-regulation in ROCK1 gene expression in PC3 cells treated with miR-186 inhibitor. However, additional studies are needed to assess whether stable inhibition of miR-186 will increase PCA invasiveness by up-regulating ROCK1 using in vitro assays and murine models. Moreover, predicted miR-186 gene targets require validation using qRT-PCR, western blots and luciferase reporter assays. Such efforts may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers to improve diagnostic, prognostic and clinical management strategies. Citation Format: Dominique Zilpha Jones, Katharine R. Hobbing, M. L. Schmidt, Geoffrey J. Clark, LaCreis R. Kidd. MicroRNA-186 inhibition alters cell proliferation and colony formation in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3085
SURGICAL RESECTION OF AN INTERRENAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA IN A WOMA PYTHON (ASPIDITES RAMSAYI) WITH 18-MONTH FOLLOW-UP

Abstract An 8-yr-old intact male woma python (Aspidites ramsayi) presented for a caudal coelomic mass effect of 3 wk duration. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration with cytology failed to identify the source of the mass. Exploratory surgery found a 10-cm diameter, lobulated, cystic mass closely associated with the left kidney. Tumor resection with left adrenalectomy and left nephrectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination identified an adrenal interrenal cell (cortical) adenocarcinoma with adjacent renal fibrosis. The snake recovered from surgery uneventfully and was clinically healthy over an 18 month follow-up period. Eleven months postsurgery a contrast-enhanced coelomic computed tomography scan was performed to evaluate the snake for metastatic disease or local recurrence. No metastases were identified, but local recurrence was not definitively ruled out and continued monitoring of the surgery site was recommended. Eighteen months postsurgery an ultrasound examination of the snake revealed sig...
Natural Extracellular Matrix Grafts for Rotator Cuff Repair

The results of open or arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff vary widely in the literature.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 The factors that have been shown to affect outcome relate to the technique of surgery,3,9,16, 17, 18 the size of the tear,9, 10, 11 the quality of the tissue and age of the patient,10,11,15 the chronicity of the tear,9, 10, 11,19,20 the degree of muscle atrophy, and the degree of tendon retraction.9, 10, 11,20 In many cases, the size of the tear is correlated with the degree of tendon retraction, muscle atrophy, and loss of tissue quality. Postoperative care influences outcome and is dependent upon the length and type of protection in the first 6 weeks after surgery,9,17,21 as well as the progression of the rehabilitation program from passive range of motion through active motion and resistance exercises. The larger and more chronic the tear, the more likely the patient will benefit from an abduction brace or pillow and a slower progression of the rehabilitation program.
Discussion on Monitoring and Management of Medical Device Adverse Events in the Hospital

Shenzhen Children's Hospital was taken as an example in this paper to reveal the importance and features of monitoring and management of medical device adverse events. With establishment of a series of optimized procedures concerning medical device adverse events involving formulation and optimization of relevant regulations, collection and reports of information, analysis and assessment as well as fi nal solutions, the hospital analyzed and discussed the monitoring and management of the medical device adverse events, which improved the management of medical devices.
The role of the akin osteotomy in the surgical management of hallux abducto valgus.

Abstract The Akin osteotomy has gained widespread popularity in foot surgery. This article reviews the proper indications, technique, modifications, and complications of the procedure. It also identifies the true role in the surgical management of the hallux abducto valgus deformity.
Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an information sharing model of animal communication. The human ability to dissect the process of animal communication into interrelated but distinct components presents many opportunities to cognitive ethologists. Because all animals have quite limited repertoires of signals, the information provided by each signal is fundamentally important in their management of social events. This information is accessible by the study of specialized signaling. Such studies reveal that animals provide one another with information about whom and where they are, behavioral options that are likely to be exercised, and even certain external stimuli to which they are responding. The different ways in which an animal responds to a signal suggest the kinds of information that are gleaned, or sought from sources other than the signals as recipients assign significance to particular events. By controlling the information available from different sources, one can learn how animals construct categories, deal with competing interpretations, and assess conditional probabilities. Their cognitive flexibility and ways in which it is constrained can be explored. There is an ample scope to learn several ways in which animals negotiate with one another, and explore the kinds of information and cognitive operations that contribute to negotiating and performing other social tasks.
How Does CEO Tenure Affect Corporate Income Tax Planning and Financial Reporting Decisions

This study examines whether corporate tax planning and financial reporting of income taxes vary systematically with CEO tenure. Using a CEO-firm fixed effects design, we find that the GAAP effective tax rate (ETR) is higher in the early years of the CEOs’ tenure and lowest in the last year of the CEOs’ tenure. In contrast, we find no difference in the cash ETR over the CEO’s tenure. These results suggest that the financial reporting of income taxes exhibits more variation over the CEO’s tenure than the underlying corporate tax planning and are consistent with managers being cautious in the financial reporting of income taxes early in their tenure. Further analysis shows that CEOs achieve these financial reporting outcomes in part by designating earnings as permanently reinvested and by using discretion in the reserve for uncertain tax benefits. These findings should be of interest to compensation committees and boards of directors, responsible for incentivizing and evaluating CEOs.
Molecular Biology of the Normal and Failing Heart

Identification of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-helix structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 is one of the most significant scientific discoveries (Watson et al., Nature, 171(4356):737–8, 1953). This landmark revelation ushered in the molecular millennium and was critical in establishing the field of molecular medicine. Through significant advances in technology and research in molecular cardiovascular sciences, the molecular and genetic causes of cardiovascular diseases have begun to be established. Further mechanistic insight into cardiovascular disorders has deciphered genetic causes of disease states, established molecular mechanisms for pathophysiological findings, and has resulted in the generation of new therapies to treat these diseases and arrest disease progression. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of molecular biology and its impact on cardiovascular medicine.
Cuando la ciudad toma la palabra. Geolocalización de la información producida en Twitter: el Proyecto Gnosis

En este texto resumimos el trabajo realizado durante los ultimos anos en torno al seguimiento de la informacion producida en Twitter. Nos centramos de forma destacada en el uso de las herramientas de geolocalizacion de tweets obteniendo diversas conclusiones acerca del valor de los datos obtenidos.
In Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration in Gramineous Crops

“Of all the plants of the earth the grasses are of the greatest use to the human race. To the grasses belong the cereals, sugarcane, sorghum and the bamboos; and, since they furnish the bulk of the forage for domestic animals, the grasses are also the basis of animal industry” (Hitchcock 1935). These words are at least as true today as they were when written 60 years ago and the primary reason for the high interest in including biotechnological applications in their improvement. As is well known, techniques for various cellular and molecular manipulations for the Gramineae (Poaceae) have been more difficult and hence slower to develop than for species in various other plant families. This is true in spite of the enormous effort expended by numerous laboratories throughout the world. Limitation of space will not permit a comprehensive review of the voluminous literature in this area; therefore, we will present a historical perspective and what we consider to be some of the significant highlights of in vitro culture of species in the Gramineae. Emphasis will be on the cereals and grasses. Additional and more specific information can be obtained from various other presentations in mis Congress.
The use of topical calcipotriene/calcipotriol in conditions other than plaque-type psoriasis.

Background: Topical calcipotriene ointment has been approved for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis. Objective: This article explores the possible use of topical calcipotriene ointment in the treatment of nail and intertriginous psoriasis, palmoplantar and pustular psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and disorders of keratinization. Methods: The recent literature is reviewed. Results: Recent reports suggest that certain ichthyoses (particularly the hyperproliferative variants) and keratodermas may respond to topical calcipotriene ointment. The activity of calcipotriene relates to a dose-dependent decrease in proliferation and an increase in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Conclusion: Patients with other disorders characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation may also be candidates for treatment. The use of calcipotriene in treating congenital hyperproliferative disorders is limited by the theoretical risk of hypercalcemia from absorption of the drug after application to extensive areas of skin.
Origin and Nature of the Milk Lipid Globule Membrane

Membranous material which surrounds and stabilizes the triacylglycerol-rich milk lipid globules is commonly referred to as the milk-fat or milk-lipid globule membrane (MLGM hereafter). This membranous material originates from two distinct sites within mammary epithelial cells, from specialized regions of apical plasma membrane, and from regions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). That portion of the MLGM derived from apical plasma membrane, termed the primary membrane, appears in electron micrographs as a typical bilayer membrane with an electron-dense material on the inner membrane face. Regions of apical plasma membrane differentiated by the presence of a coat material on the cytoplasmic face envelop globules during their extrusion from the cell. That component derived from ER lacks bilayer membrane structure. Thi material, primarily composed of proteins and polar lipids, covers the surface of the lipid droplets within the cell. Constituents of this coat material mediate intracellular fusions through which droplets grow in volume and also may be involved in interaction of droplets with plasma membrane. The origin and nature of these components of the MLGM is reviewed briefly herein. This is not a comprehensive review. In the interest of brevity, citations in many cases are to recent publications or to reviews.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in lung transplant recipients with acute respiratory failure: Beyond the perioperative period

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes in MICU lung transplant recipients with acute respiratory failure treated with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and identify factors associated with NPPV failure (need for intubation). Methods Retrospective chart review of all lung transplant recipients who were admitted with acute respiratory failure to the MICU from January 2009–August 2016 was completed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were independently associated with NPPV failure. Results Of 156 patients included in the study, 125 (80.1%) were tried on NPPV. Sixty-eight (54.4%) were managed successfully with NPPV with a hospital survival rate of 94.1%. Subjects who failed NPPV had higher hospital mortality, similar to those intubated from the outset (15 [48.3%]; 22 [38.6%], p = .37). In multivariate analyses, APACHE III scores >78 (9.717 [3.346, 28.22]) and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 151 (4.54 [1.72, 11.99]) were associated with greater likelihood of NPPV failure. There was no difference in NPPV failure based on the presence of BOS. In patients with high severity of illness, there was no difference in mortality between initial IMV and NPPV failure when stratified on the basis of hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 > 151, p -value 0.34; PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 151, p-value 0.99). Conclusions NPPV is a viable option for lung transplant recipients with acute respiratory failure. Extreme caution should be exercised when used in patients with high severity of illness (APACHE III >78) and/or severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 151).
Telehealth 2.0: Using Telehealth with Companion Device Technology to Connect Senior Patients to a Culture of Prevention and Self-care

The long-term care of the elderly population has increasingly been a concern. The problem grows as the senior population ages. Despite the availability of institutional and community-based care, most people, for emotional and financial reasons, still prefer to remain in the comfort of their homes as long as possible and to receive whatever care is available from spouses, children, siblings, and close relatives, or the so-called uncompensated caregivers. The psychological and financial stress for the care of elderly relatives and the growing demand for caregivers is the catalyst for the invention of senior-focused technologies. Technologies such as robots, simulated pets, and wearable accelerometers are designed to help seniors to carry on with their daily activities and to help caregivers provide better care for their loved ones. Legal problems such as privacy issues and regulatory concerns still lurk in the corner. The future of elderly care will inevitably involve technologies, but there is much to explore in the ethical and legal terrain. [1] [1] ARTICLE: Bridging the Uncompensated Caregiver Gap: Does Technology Provide an Ethically and Legally Viable Answer?, 22 Elder L.J. 399 at Highlight
The role of academic achievements and psychometric measures in the ranking process

Abstract Introduction Ranking candidates for residency positions is challenging. We hypothesize that applicant academic achievements and performance during the interview are equally important in the ranking process. Methods This is a retrospective study. Of 53 candidates interviewed during 2016–2017 cycle, 44 (83%) were ranked for 3 PGY1 positions. Each candidate was interviewed and scored in each of the following: USMLE Step 1 score, USMLE Step 2 score, research (RS), letters of recommendation (LOR), personal statement (PS), the way the candidate represented him/herself (RP), interest in the area (IN), answers to standardized questions (SQ), and degree of connection between the candidate and the interviewer (CN). Results Correlation and multiple regression analyses indicated an inverse relationship between ranking the candidates and USMLE2 (r = −0.14, p = −0.364), LOR (r = −0.513, p Conclusion Candidate non-cognitive measures during the interview weigh higher than academic performance in the ranking process.
Symptom Burden and Palliative Care Needs Among High-Risk Veterans With Multimorbidity

Abstract Context Palliative care research has focused on patients with disease-specific conditions. However, older patients with multimorbidity may have unmet palliative care needs. Objectives We assessed symptom burden and quality of life among veterans with multimorbidity and sought to determine if their bothersome symptoms were addressed and treated in the primary care setting. We sought to identify specific diagnoses that may account for greater symptom burden. We hypothesized that patients with a higher number of diagnoses would experience greater symptom burden and poorer quality of life. Methods We identified veterans at high risk of hospitalization or death using a validated prognostic model. We administered cross-sectional surveys via telephone, The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale—Short Form and Veterans RAND 12, to randomly selected patients in primary care in the VA Health Care System from May to December 2015. We assessed if their most bothersome symptom was addressed and treated during their most recent visit. Regression models identified specific diagnoses accounting for greater symptom burden and patient predictors of high symptom burden and poor quality of life. Results Patients (n = 503) reported (10.6 ± 5.5) active symptoms and poor physical quality of life. Patients reported pain and dyspnea as their most bothersome symptoms (n = 145 [29%] and n = 57 [11%], respectively). Most patients acknowledged their clinicians assessed (n = 348 [74%]) and treated (n = 330 [70%]) their most bothersome symptom. Physical symptoms (78%, P Conclusion Outpatients with multimorbidity have high symptom burden, unaddressed symptoms, poor quality of life, and unmet palliative care needs. Our findings support standardization of comprehensive symptom assessment and management in primary care for veterans with multimorbidities, which may ameliorate symptoms and improve quality of life.
Learning the Hotelling observer for SKE detection tasks by use of supervised learning methods

Task-based measures of image quality (IQ) quantify the ability of an observer to perform a specific task. Such measures are commonly employed for assessing and optimizing medical imaging systems. In binary signal detection tasks, the Bayesian ideal observer (IO) sets an upper performance limit. However, the IO test statistic is generally intractable to compute when the log-likelihood ratio depends non-linearly on the measurement data. In such cases, the Hotelling observer (HO), which is the optimal linear observer, can be employed. However, traditional implementations of the HO require estimation and inversion of covariance matrices; for large images this can be computationally burdensome or even intractable. In this work, we describe a novel supervised learning- based method that employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) for estimating the HO test statistic and does not require estimation or inversion of covariance matrices. A signal-known-exactly and background-known-exactly (SKE/BKE) signal detection task is considered. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Hotelling template corresponding to the proposed method are compared to the corresponding analytical solutions.
High-precision atom interferometry using optimal quantum control

We apply optimal control theory to design laser pulse sequences implementing the mirrors and beamsplitters of an atomic fountain interferometer. The goal is to enhance the fidelity and the robustness of the interferometer.
Old vs new: Risk factors predicting early onset colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe. Although the incidence has been decreasing for individuals' ≥ 50, it has been on the rise for individuals < 50. AIM To identify potential risk factors for early-onset CRC. METHODS A population-based cohort analysis using a national database, Explorys, screened all patients with an active electronic medical record from January 2012 to December 2016 with a diagnosis of CRC. Subgroups were stratified based on age (25 - 49 years vs ≥ 50 years). Demographics, comorbidities, and symptom profiles were recorded and compared between both age groups. Furthermore, the younger group was also compared with a control group consisting of individuals aged 25-49 years within the same timeframe without a diagnosis of CRC. Twenty-data points for CRC related factors were analyzed to identify potential risk factors specific to early-onset CRC. RESULTS A total of 68860 patients were identified with CRC, of which 5710 (8.3%) were younger than 50 years old, with 4140 (73%) between 40-49 years of age. Multivariable analysis was reported using odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI and demonstrated that several factors were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the early-onset group versus the later-onset group. These factors included: African-American race (OR 1.18, 95%CI: 1.09-1.27, P < 0.001), presenting symptoms of abdominal pain (OR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.72-1.92, P <0.001), rectal pain (OR 1.50, 95%CI: 1.28-1.77, P < 0.001), altered bowel function (OR 1.12, 95%CI: 1.05-1.19, P = 0.0005), having a family history of any cancer (OR 1.78, 95%CI: 1.67-1.90, P < 0.001), gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy (OR 2.36, 95%CI: 2.18-2.55, P < 0.001), polyps (OR 1.41, 95%CI: 1.08-1.20, P < 0.001), and obesity (OR 1.14, 95%CI: 1.08-1.20, P < 0.001). Comparing the early-onset cohort versus the control group, factors that were associated with an increased risk of CRC were: male gender (OR 1.34, 95%CI: 1.27-1.41), P < 0.001), Caucasian (OR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.40-1.57, P < 0.001) and African-American race (OR 1.25, 95%CI: 1.17-1.35, P < 0.001), presenting symptoms of abdominal pain (OR 4.73, 95%CI: 4.49-4.98, P < 0.001), rectal pain (OR 7.48, 95%CI: 6.42-8.72, P < 0.001), altered bowel function (OR 5.51, 95%CI: 5.19-5.85, P < 0.001), rectal bleeding (OR 9.83, 95%CI: 9.12-10.6, P < 0.001), weight loss (OR 7.43, 95%CI: 6.77-8.15, P < 0.001), having a family history of cancer (OR 11.66, 95%CI: 10.97-12.39, P < 0.001), GI malignancy (OR 28.67, 95%CI: 26.64-30.86, P < 0.001), polyps (OR 8.15, 95%CI: 6.31-10.52, P < 0.001), tobacco use (OR 2.46, 95%CI: 2.33-2.59, P < 0.001), alcohol use (OR 1.71, 95%CI: 1.62-1.80, P < 0.001), presence of colitis (OR 4.10, 95%CI: 3.79-4.43, P < 0.001), and obesity (OR 2.88, 95%CI: 2.74-3.04, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pending further investigation, these potential risk factors should lower the threshold of suspicion for early CRC and potentially be used to optimize guidelines for early screening.
The intersections of stress, anxiety and epilepsy

Abstract Stress is ubiquitous in chronic medical conditions; however, the connections to psychiatric and neurologic conditions are not always clearly established. Epilepsy is a unique illness that is intimately intertwined with stress and anxiety not only as a result of the disease process but also as a cause of disease exacerbation. Anxiety and depression also involve stress management and often overlap with epilepsy. Anxiety symptoms themselves may be present as intrinsic aspects of seizure phenomena, either during the events or closely related to them. The pathways of stress and anxiety involve the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and explain at least in part how stress may lead to worsening seizure control. Ultimately, the study of stress, anxiety, and epilepsy offers insight into mind and body connections, and furthers understanding of neuropsychiatric illness.
Primer on etiology and treatment of progressive/severe periodontitis: A systemic health perspective

Periodontology is an infectious disease-based discipline. The etiopathology of progressive/severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and proinflammatory cytokines. Herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria may interact synergistically to produce periodontal breakdown, and periodontal herpesviruses may contribute to systemic diseases. The infectious agents of severe periodontitis reside in deep pockets, furcation lesions, and inflamed gingiva, sites inaccessible by conventional (purely mechanical) surgical or nonsurgical therapy but accessible by systemic antibiotic treatment. This brief overview presents an effective anti-infective treatment of severe periodontitis, which includes systemic chemotherapy/antibiotics against herpesviruses (valacyclovir [acyclovir]) and bacterial pathogens (amoxicillin + metronidazole or ciprofloxacin + metronidazole) plus common antiseptics (povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite) and select ultrasonic scaling. The proposed treatment can cause a marked reduction or elimination of major periodontal pathogens, is acceptably safe, and can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
Pop a pill or give myself a shot? Patient perspectives of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug choice for rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract Objective: To assess how patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) decide whether to add oral disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) versus injectable biologic DMARDs when methotrexate response is inadequate. Methods: Using nominal group technique (NGT), RA patients answered the question “What sort of things are important to you when you make a decision between adding pills versus injectable medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis when methotrexate fails to control RA disease activity?” Patients nominated, discussed, and voted for the responses. Results: Forty-seven RA patients participated Birmingham (n=6 NG; 21 patients) and New York City (n=4 NG; 26 patients). They were predominantly female (85%), 70% white, with a mean age of 64.5 years and 58% with >10-year RA duration. Present/past DMARDs included methotrexate only in 6%, other traditional DMARDs in 15%, glucocorticoids in combination with traditional DMARDs in 11%, and biologics and/or Jak-kinase inhibitors in 68% of participants. Voted domains in order were: (1) Efficacy/effectiveness and the onset/mode of action (78/282 votes); (2) Side effects/fear of side effects (84/282 votes); (3) Cost including out of pocket, co-payments and patient responsibility (54/282 votes); (4) Convenience/frequency of use (27/282 votes); (5) Doctor’s opinion (20/282 votes); (6) Other drugs/comorbidity/other patient's experience/effects on other people (3/282 votes); (7) Fear of Needles (8/282 votes); and (8) Newness of the medication (8/282 votes). Conclusions: We identified the patient perspective regarding the choice between adding oral versus injectable DMARD once methotrexate failed to control RA disease activity. This knowledge can help in shared decision-making for DMARD choice in RA treatment.
Sublethal exposure of Trogoderma granarium everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) to insecticide-treated netting alters thigmotactic arrestment and olfactory-mediated anemotaxis

Abstract Long-lasting insecticide treated netting (LLIN) has a number of potential uses for the control of insect pests. Using such netting, stored products may be protected from insects including the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, Coleoptera: Dermestidae) a widespread pest of many agricultural commodities. Here we first examined whether brief exposures of larvae to LLIN, for less than 30 min, decreased the chance of eventual adult emergence compared to larvae exposed on untreated netting. Next, we observed the responses of larvae that were either not exposed to any netting, exposed to untreated netting, or exposed to LLIN for 10 min and then placed in a wind tunnel and monitored for movement toward a stimulus. The wind-tunnel assay was performed either with or without a lure containing kairomones and pheromones known to be attractive to larvae of this species. There was little effect of the LLIN on adult emergence of exposed larvae. However, there were interacting effects of untreated netting and LLIN relating to thigmotaxis and anemotaxis. Larvae not exposed to netting showed increased likelihood of walking upwind if the semiochemical lure was provided, as expected. A similar pattern was observed when the untreated netting was used, but the larvae became more likely to remain stationary in the assay after acclimating to the net. When LLIN was used, the larvae became more likely to move and there was a baseline increase in the likelihood of moving upwind. However, upwind walking was no longer related to semiochemical presentation. These observations suggest that particular care should be used in relation to the airflow patterns and semiochemical landscape of the warehouse settings in which LLIN is deployed.
Contra a anestesia, a gargalhada corrosiva: sobre o processo de escrita d’O Kit de Sobrevivência do Descobridor Português no Mundo Anticolonial

This essay explores and explains some of the central phases and moments of the writing process of O Kit de Sobrevivencia do Descobridor Portugues no Mundo Anticolonial. O Kit de Sobrevivencia do Descobridor Portugues no Mundo Anticolonial was published in 2020 in Brazil (Edicoes Macondo) and in Portugal (Douda Correria). Here, I introduce the conceptual scaffold adopted by looking at the concepts of appropriation, unoriginal genius, parody, colonialism, anticolonialism, visuality, and humor. In O Kit de Sobrevivencia do Descobridor Portugues no Mundo Anticolonial, the parodic dimension, which starts from an appropriation exercise and is based on the principle of unoriginality, makes use of nationalist and official History to, in a humorous and interdisciplinary way, expose, dismantle, and destroy the absurdities and inconsistencies of colonial thought.
End-to-End QoS Management for Adaptive Video Flows

Distributed audio and video applications need to adapt to fluctuations in delivered quality of service (QoS). By trading off temporal and spatial quality to available bandwidth, or manipulating the play out time of continuous media in response to variation in delay, audio and video flows can be made to adapt to fluctuating QoS with minimal perceptual distortion. In this paper we introduce dynamic QoS management (DQM) for the control and management of multi-layer coded flows operating in heterogeneous multimedia networking environments. Two key techniques are proposed: i) an end-to-end dynamic rate shaping scheme which adapts the rate of MPEG-coded [1] flows to the available network resources while minimising the distortion observed at the receiver; and ii) an adaptive network service, which offers “hard” guarantees to the base layer of multi-layer coded flows, and “fairness” guarantees to the enhancement layers based on a bandwidth allocation technique called weighted fair sharing. We also discuss a number of types of media scaling object 1 which are used to manage and control end-to-end QoS. These include QoS filters which manipulate multi-layer coded flows [2] as they progress through the communications system, QoS adaptors which scale flows at end-systems based on the flow’s measured performance and user supplied QoS scaling policy, and QoS groups which provide baseline QoS for multicast flows.
The disease complex of the gypsy moth: II. Aerobic bacterial pathogens

Eighty-six pathogenic aerobic bacterial isolates from diseased gypsy moth larvae collected in both sparse and dense populations were characterized and identified as members of the families Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Achromobacteraceae. The commonest pathogens were Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Group C Enterobacter types, and Pseudomonas spp. However, S. faecalis and B. cereus were found operating only in the dense populations. The wide variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria encountered may indicate that, under conditions of high host density, these bacteria may contribute significantly to the population dynamics of the gypsy moth.
Introduction to Airs and Cris

AIRS/AMSU/HSB is a state of the art advanced infra-red microwave sounding system that was launched on the EOS Aqua platform in a 1:30 AM/PM sun synchronous orbit on May 5, 2002. An overview of the AIRS instrument and the objectives for AIRS/AMSU/HSB is a given in Pagano et al. (2003). The sounding goals of AIRS are to produce 1 km tropospheric layer mean temperatures with an rms error of 1 K, and 1 km tropospheric layer precipitable water with an rms error of 20%, in cases with up to 80% effective cloud cover. Aside from being part of a climate mission, one of the objectives of AIRS is to provide sounding information of sufficient accuracy such that when assimilated into a general circulation model, significant improvement in forecast skill would arise. The pre-launch algorithm to produce level-2 products (geophysical parameters) using AIRS/AMSU/HSB data, and expected results based on simulation studies, are given in Susskind et al. (2003). The results of that simulation indicate that the sounding goals of AIRS/AMSU/HSB should be achievable.
Thomas Dawks's The complete English‐man (1685)

(1988). Thomas Dawks's The complete English‐man (1685) English Studies: Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 331-340.
Operators in Hilbert spaces

Hilbert space is a special case of Banach space, but it deserves separate consideration because of its importance in applications. In Hilbert spaces the general results deduced in previous chapters are strengthened and, at the same time, new problems arise.
A robust algorithm for automatic target recognition using passive radar

The goal of this research is to add automatic target recognition (ATR) capabilities to existing passive radar systems. We do so by comparing the radar cross section (RCS) of detected targets to the precomputed RCS of known targets in the target class. The precomputed RCS of the targets comprising the target class is modeled using a multi-step process involving programs such as the fast Illinois solver code (FISC). Advanced refractive effects prediction system (AREPS) and numerical electromagnetic code (NEC2). A Rician likelihood model compares the power profile of the detected target to the precomputed power profiles of the targets in the target class; this comparison results in target identification. Thus far, the results of simulations are encouraging, indicating that the algorithm correctly identifies aircraft with high probability at the anticipated noise level. Performance can be expected to decline as the noise power surpasses the maximum signal power.
Systematic desensitization of an anger response.

Abstract Systematic desensitization was used in an attempt to reduce anger felt in driving situations. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Desensitization, Placebo and Non-Treated Controls. The Desensitization subjects received standard systematic desensitization with muscle relaxation as the countercondition, while Placebo subjects were given an interview dealing with the physiological and psychological aspects of anger. The response measures were subjective anger ratings (SAS), GSR and heart rate. For both SAS and GSR, the Desensitization group showed a significantly greater reduction than did either of the other two groups. These differences were maintained at a 2-week followup. Implications for the Wolpian reciprocal inhibition model are discussed.
Distinct MutS DNA-binding Modes That Are Differentially Modulated by ATP Binding and Hydrolysis *

The role of MutS ATPase in mismatch repair is controversial. To clarify further the function of this activity, we have examined adenine nucleotide effects on interactions ofEscherichia coli MutS with homoduplex and heteroduplex DNAs. In contrast to previous results with human MutSα, we find that a physical block at one end of a linear heteroduplex is sufficient to support stable MutS complex formation in the presence of ATP·Mg2+. Surface plasmon resonance analysis at low ionic strength indicates that the lifetime of MutS complexes with heteroduplex DNA depends on the nature of the nucleotide present when MutS binds. Whereas complexes prepared in the absence of nucleotide or in the presence of ADP undergo rapid dissociation upon challenge with ATP·Mg2+, complexes produced in the presence of ATP·Mg2+, adenosine 5′-(β,γ-imino)triphosphate (AMPPNP)·Mg2+, or ATP (no Mg2+) are resistant to dissociation upon ATP challenge. AMPPNP·Mg2+ and ATP (no Mg2+) reduce MutS affinity for heteroduplex but have little effect on homoduplex affinity, resulting in abolition of specificity for mispaired DNA at physiological salt concentrations. Conversely, the highest mismatch specificity is observed in the absence of nucleotide or in the presence of ADP. ADP has only a limited effect on heteroduplex affinity but reduces MutS affinity for homoduplex DNA.
Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Identification and management of dyslipidemia is an important element in the multi-factorial approach to prevent coronary heart disease. Diabetic dyslipidemia typically consists of elevated triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and average LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Lipid-lowering therapy has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Statin treatment is beneficial in patients who are older than 40 years of age, irrespective of the LDL-C value. To achieve lipid targets, attention should be directed first toward nonpharmacologic therapeutic interventions, such as diet, exercise, smoking cessation, weight loss, and improving glycemic control. Although statin therapy is recommended for most subjects, judicious use of combination therapy should be considered in the highest risk subjects.
Effects of 7,12‐dimethylbenz[A]anthracene on immune function and mixed‐function oxygenase activity in the european starling

Immune function and hepatic MFO activity were examined in adult and nestling starlings administered a synthetic PAH, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Methods used to examine the starling immune system included immunopa-thology, macrophage phagocytosis, lymphocyte blastogenesis to concanavalin A, and hemagglutination of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Concomitant investigations of MFO activity were conducted in starlings exposed to DMBA. Ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD) were used as indicators of hepatic MFO activity. Changes in MFO activity were compared to chemically altered immune responses following DMBA exposure. Subcutaneous exposure of adult starlings to 125 mg/kg DMBA resulted in suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis and antibody production to SRBC. EROD and PROD activity were increased 2.8- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was impaired in adult starlings orally exposed to 125 mg/kg DMBA. The immune system of nestling starlings exposed orally to 100 mg/kg DMBA was altered, as evidenced by decreased phagocytic ability of macrophages and inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Oral exposure to DMBA did not induce MFO activity in starlings of either age class. Effects of DMBA on immune function and MFO activity in starlings varied with the age of birds and route and length of chemical exposure.
Retropsoas hernia as a cause of chronic abdominal pain: CT diagnosis

Congenital retropsoas small bowel herniation is reported as the cause of long-standing recurrent abdominal pain in a teenage girl. Knowledge of this entity is important for differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, mass, or retroperitoneal gas and fluid, and for avoiding complications of percutaneous renal interventions.
The VTMX 2000 campaign

A month-long meteorological field campaign sponsored by the Department of Energy's Environmental Meteorology Program was conducted during October 2000 in the Salt Lake Valley to study vertical transport and mixing (VTMX) processes. The goals of the program are to increase our understanding of these processes, to improve our ability to measure and characterize them, and to incorporate that improved knowledge into conceptual and numerical models that can be used to describe and predict them. The program is currently concentrating on nocturnal stable periods and morning and evening transition periods, and it is further focused on urban areas located in valleys, basins, or other settings affected by nearby elevated terrain. Approximately 75 people participated in the campaign. The campaign featured a wide range of remote sensing and in situ measurements, including those from six radar wind profilers, six sodars, five radio acoustic sounding systems, a Doppler lidar, two aerosol lidars, and a water vapor lidar, as many as 22 rawinsonde soundings per Intensive Observing Period (IOP), and the simultaneous release of up to seven perfluorocarbon tracers. Preliminary results show the existence of strong cold pools forming over the valley center with significant wind shear aloft and intermittent turbulence close to themore » surface, a heat island over the downtown area at night and areas with substantially cooler temperatures nearby, regions of strong convergence and divergence affected by a narrow jet through a gap in the mountains to the south and flows out of the canyons to the east, and extensive wave activity.« less