cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Orientation toward Positive Values in Advanced Participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi Program

The results of two studies, with 15 and 10 college students practicing the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program (ages: M = 28 yr.; M = 29 yr.), and 10 and 9 controls (ages: M = 22.9 yr.; M = 26.2 yr.), respectively, indicate that advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program may have a cognitive set oriented toward more positive values. Subjects in the TM-TM-Sidhi program exhibited a better recall of positively valued words than the control group in a long-term memory task (45 min.), and they needed fewer exposures to recognize positive than negative words at lower absolute thresholds than the controls in a tachistoscopic experiment. They appraised “significant others” more favorably than the control group on LaForge's Interpersonal Checklist, while self-appraisal was high in both groups. A third study of 11 college students, M age of 22.3 yr., yielded an inverse relationship between differential recognition thresholds for positive and negative affect terms on a tachistoscopic task a...
Directly digital flow controller.

An improved directly digital flow controller is evaluated for its ability to modulate gas flow rates. As in the older device, the “GasDAC” (named for its similarity to a weighted-resistor digital-to-analog converter) is capable of controlling gas flow in a linear and reproducible manner with the advantage of having an adjustable range of flow rates. The new design incorporates venting to prevent “puffing” when the individual flow channels are opened. The temporal characteristics of the GasDAC are also examined; modulation frequencies of 10 Hz with various types of waveforms are possible with the new device.
RF mixing in LiNbO/sub 3/ microdisk modulator

For the first time we demonstrate that nonlinear electro-optic modulation in a LiNbO/sub 3/ microdisk modulator can be used to achieve RF mixing in optical domain.
Size–fecundity relationships for Cancer pagurus and Necora puber in the Shetland Islands, Scotland: how is reproductive capacity facilitated?

Successful management of fishery resources is dependent on understanding the exploited species' reproductive potential, which, in turn, requires spatially relevant estimates of the size at maturity and the size-fecundity relationship. This information is used by fisheries managers to implement regional maturity-based legal landings sizes and seasonal fishery closures aimed at protecting the spawning stock and maintaining the reproductive output of the fished population at a sustainable level, despite exploitation. Crab fisheries in particular depend on such information, which is often limited, even in long-established fisheries. To address this issue, size-fecundity relationships were obtained for two commercially exploited crabs in waters around the Shetland Islands (60° N 01 °W). These species were Cancer pagurus and Necora puber. A statistically significant positive size-fecundity relationship was found for C. pagurus which describes a mean reproduction potential ranging from ∼0.78 million eggs in females of 129 mm carapace width (CW to ∼2.4 million eggs in females of 212 mm CW. The positive size-fecundity relationship found for.N puber was not statistically significant, but describes a mean reproduction potential ranging from ∼0.16 million eggs in females of 56 mm CW to ∼0.19 million eggs in females of 96 mm CW. Morphometric assessments of reproductive capacity in C. pagurus support the notion that positive size-fecundity relationships are attributable to the combined capacities of specific morphological features, each of which contributes to a female's spawning output ability. Statistically significant positive linear relationships were found between the natural logarithms of crab size (CW) and pleopod capacity, sperm plug mass, spermathecae capacity and gonad capacity. Respectively, these structures are crucial for successful egg attachment and incubation, sperm retention and protection, sperm storage and oogenesis.
CDMA for communications in the aeronautical environment

MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) is involved in planning a next-generation voice/data network for the FAA's Air-Ground/Ground-Air communication system. This system has some unique operational requirements, which make the comparison between TDMA and CDMA a difficult one (as it also is in current cellular radio systems). This work, in support of CAASD, attempts to outline the key attributes of CDMA communication systems, specifically direct-sequence spread spectrum systems. A brief comparison with more traditional multiple access schemes (TDMA and FDMA), is made and then direct-sequence CDMA modulation and demodulation for a simple transmitter and receiver, in a single "cell" environment, is described. The CDMA waveform description yields expressions which allow estimation of system capacity-the number of simultaneously active channels the system can support. Non-idealities such as additional (interfering) cells and imperfect power control are also considered. Finally, TDMA capacity expressions are reviewed and some comparative estimated capacity results for our VHF Air-Ground/Ground-Air application are shown, using waveforms based upon terrestrial cellular schemes.
French Political Science: Institutional Structures in Teaching and Research

Previous research in this journal has analyzed publication trends in the top political science journals in France. An inventory of published articles in the Revue Francaise de Science Politique and Politix since 1970 has provided information on methodological preferences and sub-field coverage, thus allowing for meaningful comparisons with trends in American political science. This essay identifies the scholarly output of the teaching and research institutions of French political science and examines the methodological requirements of the graduate programs of political science departments in France. French Politics (2006) 4, 124-134. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200095
Spontaneous hyperventilation and brain tissue hypoxia in patients with severe brain injury

Background Hyperventilation has been shown to be associated with cerebral vasoconstriction and increased risk of infarction. Our aim was to determine whether spontaneous reduction in end-tidal CO 2 (EtCO 2 ) was associated with an increased in brain tissue hypoxia (BTH). Method We studied 21 consecutive patients (mean age 50±16 years; 15 women) undergoing continuous monitoring for brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO 2 ), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and EtCO 2 ; mean values were recorded hourly BTH was defined as brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO 2 ) Results Diagnoses included subarachnoid haemorrhage (67%), intracranial haemorrhage (24%) and traumatic brain injury (10%). Overall, BTH occurred during 22.5% of the study period (490/2179 hourly data). The frequency of BTH increased progressively from 15.7% in patients with normal EtCO 2 (35–44 mm Hg) to 33.9% in patients with EtCO 2 2 (OR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97; p Conclusion The risk of brain tissue hypoxia in critically brain-injured patients increases when EtCO 2 values are reduced. Unintentional spontaneous hyperventilation may be a common and under-recognised cause of brain tissue hypoxia after severe brain injury.
Novel therapeutics for the treatment of metastatic melanoma

Metastatic malignant melanoma is an incurable disease with a median survival of 8.5 months and a probability of surviving 5 years after the diagnosis of less than 5%. To date, no systemic therapy has meaningfully changed these survival end points. Currently, in the USA the FDA has approved three agents for the treatment of metastatic melanoma: hydroxyurea, dacarbazine and interleukin-2. None of these have demonstrated a meaningfully prolonged survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Therefore, a number of innovative therapeutic strategies have been pursued to improve outcomes, including immune therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors. Herein, we review some of the recent advances in novel therapeutic developments for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Effective Fermion Masses of Order gT in High Temperature Gauge Theories with Exact Chiral Invariance

It is shown that, at finite temperature, chiral invariance does not imply that fermion propagators have poles at ${K}^{2}=0$. Instead, a zero-momentum fermion has energy ${K}^{0}=M$, where ${M}^{2}=\frac{{g}^{2}C(R){T}^{2}}{8}$ and $C(R)$ is the quadratic Casimir of the fermion representation. The dispersion relation for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{K}}\ensuremath{\ne}0$ is computed and can be crudely approximated (to within 10%) by ${K}^{0}\ensuremath{\approx}{({M}^{2}+{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{K}}}^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. Applications to high-temperature QCD, SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1), and grand unified theories are discussed.
Heuristic Optimizaton and Dynamical System Safety Verification

Given a heuristic estimate of the relative safety of a hybrid dynamical system trajectory, we transform the initial safety problem for dynamical systems into a global optimization problem. We compare untuned performance of several Simulated Annealing and Multi Level Single Linkage method variants, and discuss the dynamic use of knowledge gained during optimization.
RF applications of high temperature superconductors in MHz range

High quality, low noise RF devices (resonators and filters) in MHz range have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The devices were designed using either interdigital capacitor or spiral structures and made from two inch HTS wafers. Applications of these devices to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and RF communication are reviewed. Substantial gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using HTS coils for both proton and sodium MRI on animals and humans at field strength of 0.5 T-3 T are demonstrated. HTS single-pole and three-pole bandpass filters operated at 77 K are built. Multi-pole bandpass filters in MHz range are successfully made on two-inch, single layer HTS wafer. A three-pole filter with a center frequency of 18 MHz has shown a low insertion loss of 0.7 dB at 77 K.
A comparison of the ability of three commercially available diluents to maintain the motility of cold stored stallion semen.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the ability of three commercially available extenders to promote poststorage motility of stallion spermatozoa stored at 5°C with and without centrifugation to remove the seminal plasma. Diluents tested included skim milk glucose (SKMG), INRA 96, and VMD-Z. All diluents were tested with (-SP) and without (+SP) centrifugation to remove most of the seminal plasma. In experiment I, after 48 and 72 hours of storage, total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility values were higher (P ≤.05) for those aliquots subjected to the INRA 96-SP as compared with either SKMG treatment. After 72 hours of storage, PM of spermatozoa stored in VMD-Z-SP was superior to that of spermatozoa stored in SKMG regardless of the presence of seminal plasma (P ≤.05). In the second experiment, after 48 hours of storage, PM of spermatozoa subjected to the INRA 96-SP and VMD-Z-SP treatments were superior (P ≤.05) to those for all treatments that had been stored without removal of seminal plasma. Removal of the seminal plasma and resuspension of the sperm pellet with either INRA 96 or VMD-Z resulted in TM after 48 hours of storage that were similar to those obtained after 24 hours of storage.
Extending the Life-Course Interdependence Model Life Transitions and the Enduring Consequences of Early Self-Derogation for Young Adult Crime

Few studies exploring the association between adolescent self-esteem and crime have considered whether the early adolescent self-esteem has any enduring consequences for young adult crime. Inspired by the life course and developmental criminology approaches, Arnett’s notion of emerging adulthood, and Kaplan’s self-derogation theory, this article examines whether self-derogation predicts young adult crime, controlling for early adolescent behaviors and more temporally proximate risk and protective factors. In addition, the article examines whether the strength of the ties to college and work exhibit interdependence with early self-derogation and young adolescent crime in predicting young adult crime. Using longitudinal data from a sample of males living in Miami-Dade County, the article finds that self-derogation predicts young adult crime. Furthermore, the authors find that early self-derogation exhibits interdependence with the bond to college, consistent with Wright, Caspi, Moffitt, and Silva’s social protection hypothesis, and that youth crime exhibits interdependence with the bond to work in young adulthood.
Wall motion score index and ejection fraction for risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction

Background The prognostic importance of regional systolic function, as assessed by wall motion score index (WMSI), compared with global function, as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), has not been assessed in large populations after acute myocardial infarction. Methods Echocardiograms, including the assessment of WMSI and LVEF, were performed in 767 patients with acute myocardial infarction at a median of 1 day (25th and 75th percentiles 0-2 days) after admission. Patients were followed for a median of 19 months (range 12-28 months). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the primary study end point (all-cause mortality) and for a secondary end point (hospitalization for congestive heart failure). Results During follow-up (median 40 months; range 32-50 months), 216 patients died and 54 patients were hospitalized for congestive heart failure. By univariate analysis, both LVEF ( P P P P = .77). Wall motion score index also proved to be an independent predictor of hospitalization for congestive heart failure (hazard ratio 1.21 per 0.2-unit increase, 95% CI 1.07-1.37, P = .002), whereas LVEF did not ( P = .56). Conclusion Both LVEF and WMSI provide powerful prognostic information after acute myocardial infarction; however, the predictive power of WMSI is greater.
Feasibility of Portable Sleep Monitors to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in a Vulnerable Urban Population

Purpose: Portable sleep monitors may offer a convenient method to expand detection of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), yet few studies have evaluated this technology in vulnerable populations. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of portable sleep monitors for detection of OSA in a prediabetic, urban minority population. Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of participants at their 12-month follow-up for a community-partnered, peer-led lifestyle intervention aimed to prevent diabetes in prediabetic and overweight patients in this prospective mixed-methods pilot study. All participants wore portable sleep monitors overnight at home. We qualitatively explored perceptions about OSA and portable monitors in a subset of participants. Results: We tested 72 people, predominantly non-White, female, Spanish speaking, uninsured, and of low income. Use of portable sleep monitors was feasible: 100% of the monitors were returned and all participants received results. We detected OSA in 49% (defined as an Apnea-Hypopnea Index [AHI] >5) and moderate-severe OSA in 14% (AHI >15) requiring treatment in 14%. In 21 qualitative interviews, participants supported increased use of portable sleep monitors in their community, were appropriately concerned that OSA could cause progression to diabetes, and thought weight loss could prevent or improve OSA. Conclusions: Portable sleep monitors may represent a feasible method for detecting OSA in high-risk urban minority populations.
A circular LEAR correlation structure for cyclical longitudinal data

Circular covariance patterns arise naturally from many important biological and physical processes. Modelling these patterns can be immensely important for proper analyses. In this article, we propose a circular linear exponent autoregressive (LEAR) correlation structure for cyclical longitudinal data. Special cases of this parsimonious correlation model include the equal correlation and first-order moving average (MA(1)) correlation structures and a circular analogue of the continuous-time AR(1) model. We discuss properties and estimation of the circular LEAR model in the context of cyclical longitudinal data concerning diet and hypertension (the DASH study). Analysis of these data exemplifies the benefits of the circular LEAR correlation structure.
RECOVERY PHASE OF THE MURINE ROD PHOTORESPONSE RECONSTRUCTED FROM ELECTRORETINOGRAPHIC RECORDINGS

The activation and recovery phases of the murine rod photo-response were determined from corneal electroretinograms (ERGs) obtained in response to pairs of full-field flashes producing 50-10(5) photoisomerized rhodopsins (R*) per rod. The a-wave component of the ERG in response to the initial flash provided a well established measure of the activation phase of the rod response. The amplitude of the a-wave response to an intense second flash (45,000 R*) delivered 0.2-5 seconds (s) after the first flash was used to reconstruct the recovery phase of the response. For 160-3000 R* rod-1, recovery curves were isomorphic, translating on the time axis such that each e-fold increase in R* produced an incremental recovery delay of tau c = 210 +/- 50 ms (mean +/- SD). For initial flashes producing > 3000 R*, recovery curves lost their initial isomorphism and half-times had intensity dependence exceeding 1 s per e-fold increase in R*. We conclude that for flashes producing 210 ms. Two extant and non-mutually exclusive hypotheses are discussed that can account for the sharp increase in recovery times from flashes producing > 3000 R*. They are as follows: (1) approximately 0.03% of R* have a lifetime exceeding 1 s; and (2) the gamma subunit of phosphodiesterase (PDE gamma) serves as a GTPase-activating factor, and 3000 R* produce sufficient activated G-protein (G*) to exceed the total quantity of PDE gamma subunits such that excess G* must wait for unoccupied PDE gamma to inactivate via GTP hydrolysis.
SERUM LEVELS OF SEVERAL ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FARMERS CORRESPOND WITH DIETARY EXPOSURE AND LOCAL USE HISTORY

In response to reported increased cancer risks among farmers, the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) was designed to examine health outcomes and environmental exposures among farm families in the United States. In the pilot phase of the AHS, food, beverage, air, dermal, dust, surface wipe, and biological specimens (blood and urine) were collected and analyzed for six farm families in two states (IA and NC). In addition, questionnaires were administered to examine previous pesticide use. This paper reports the organochlorine pesticide results of the serum and dietary analyses as well as questionnaire results from the pilot exposure study of farmers and their families. Note, no organochlorine pesticides were reported as currently being applied to the study farms. In all human serum samples examined, typical U.S. population levels were found for the majority of the pesticides. In addition, human serum levels of organochlorine pesticides showed no significant daily or seasonal variation. However, serum trans-nonachlor levels were found to be higher in people living on the two farms in North Carolina than in people living on the four farms in Iowa (p < 0.05). Further, unusually high dieldrin levels were found in serum samples from a farmer and spouse living on an Iowa farm, and these levels were significantly higher than those of people living on the other farms (p < 0.05). Dieldrin was persistent in the foods consumed on the same Iowa farm where family members showed elevated serum levels. In addition, dietary samples from the North Carolina farms exhibited high levels of chlordane. No organochlorine pesticides were found in any of the drinking water samples. Dietary dieldrin levels on the same Iowa farm exceeded the oral reference dose (RfD) eight- to eleven-fold (50 ng/kg-day). No other pesticide exceeded the RfD. However, dietary chlordane levels at a North Carolina farm reached 17% of the RfD. Previous use of aldrin on an Iowa farm corresponded to dieldrin found in the diet and in the serum of the farmer and spouse. Previous reported use of chlordane on the North Carolina farms corresponded with measurable dietary levels of chlordance and higher serum trans-nonachlor levels than the levels in Iowa farm families.
Genes and environment in successful and unsuccessful aging

Only about one quarter of human longevity is heritable; the rest of the variance is attributable to environment and to stochastic events. The environment includes ‘segmental gerontogens’ (e.g. tobacco smoke) that affect multiple senescent phenotypes, as well as ‘unimodal gerontogens’ (e.g. UV) that affect aging of a single tissue. Research on both ‘gerontogens’ and ‘gerontogenes’ will help us understand the differences between successful and unsuccessful human aging. Nature fails to eliminate gene variants with bad late life actions and also fails to select novel alleles with good late life actions. A classification of such gene actions predicts roles for numerous genes.1,2 But there is evidence that single gene mutations and a single environmental manipulation (caloric restriction) can enhance longevity. These interventions impact upon ancient genetic programs (‘diapauses’) that couple environmental changes that threaten reproductive success with transient withdrawals from reproduction. Such a ‘reprieve’ (‘shikko-yuyo’), however, cannot escape the dominating mechanisms predicted by the evolutionary theory of aging which, despite recent challenges, still provides the best explanation for why we age. The identification of multiple genes and environmental agents, both good and bad, that contribute to successful or unsuccessful aging in various settings should help elucidate basic mechanisms of biological aging.
Intrinsic alignments of disc and elliptical galaxies in the MassiveBlack-II and Illustris simulations

We study the shapes and intrinsic alignments of disks and elliptical galaxies in the MassiveBlack-II (MBII) and Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, with volumes of $(100h^{-1}Mpc)^{3}$ and $(75h^{-1}Mpc)^{3}$ respectively. We find that simulated disk galaxies are more oblate in shape and more misaligned with the shape of their host dark matter subhalo when compared with ellipticals. The disk major axis is found to be oriented towards the location of nearby elliptical galaxies. We also find that the disks are thinner in MBII and misalignments with dark matter halo orientations are smaller in both disks and ellipticals when compared with Illustris. As a result, the intrinsic alignment correlation functions at fixed mass have a higher amplitude in MBII than in Illustris. Finally, at scales above $\sim 0.1$\hmpc, the intrinsic alignment two-point correlation functions for disk galaxies in both simulations are consistent with a null detection, unlike those for ellipticals. Despite significant differences in the treatments of hydrodynamics and baryonic physics in the simulations, we find that the $w_{\delta +}$ correlation function scales similarly with transverse separation. However, the less massive galaxies show different scale dependence in the ED correlation. This result indicates that, while hydrodynamic simulations are a promising tool to study intrinsic alignments, further study is needed to understand the impact of differences in the implementations of hydrodynamics and baryonic feedback.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 p5 Promoter: a Rep-Regulated DNA Switch Element Functioning in Transcription, Replication, and Site-Specific Integration

The large Rep proteins, p68 and p78, function as master controllers of the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) life cycle, involved in transcriptional control, in latency, in rescue, and in viral DNA replication. The p5 promoter may be the nucleic acid complement to the large Rep proteins. It drives expression of the large Rep proteins, it undergoes autoregulation by Rep, it undergoes induction by helper virus, it is a target substrate for Rep-mediated site-specific integration (RMSSI), and it can function as a replicative origin. To better understand the relationship between each of the p5 functions, we have determined the effects of p5 promoter mutations (p5 integration efficiency element, or p5IEE) on transcription, integration, and replication using RMSSI transfection protocols in HeLa cells. The data demonstrate that the organization of the p5 promoter provides a unique platform for regulated AAV2 template transcription and subsequent repression by Rep through direct and indirect mechanisms. The elements of the p5IEE that define its function as a promoter also define its function as a highly optimized substrate for Rep-mediated site-specific integration and replication. The p5 Rep binding element (RBE) is essential in RMSSI and Rep-dependent replication; however, replacement of the p5 RBE with either the AAV2 inverted terminal repeat or the AAVS1 RBE sequence elements neither enhances nor severely compromises RMSSI activity of p5IEE. The RBE by itself or in combination with the YY1+1 initiator/terminal resolution sequence element does not mediate efficient site-specific integration. We found that replication and integration were highly sensitive to sequence manipulations of the p5 TATA/RBE/YY1+1 core structure in a manner that reflects the function of these elements in transcription. The data presented support a model where, depending on the state of the cell (Rep expression and helper virus influences), the p5IEE operates as a transcription/integration switch sequence element.
Eastern North American freshwater discharge during the Bølling-Allerød warm periods

During the last deglaciation (ca. 19–6.5 ka), increased freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic likely caused reductions in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength. However, the locations and rates of freshwater discharge are not well constrained, particularly those during the centennial-scale climate oscillations of the Bolling-Allerod warm periods (ca. 14.6–12.9 ka). Here we reconstruct the salinity-dependent δ 18 O sw (sw, seawater) adjacent to the eastern outlets of North America, using paired Mg/Ca and δ 18 O records on planktonic foraminifera, to investigate whether increased discharge to the North Atlantic caused reductions in AMOC during the Bolling-Allerod and earlier periods of deglaciation. In general, δ 18 O sw decreased and inferred freshwater discharge increased during periods of reduced AMOC. During the Bolling-Allerod, δ 18 O sw decreases coincided with three reductions in AMOC strength ca. 14.1, 13.8, and 13.3 ka. Freshwater discharge modeling suggests that discharge increases of 0.03–0.05 Sverdrups (10 6 m 3 s −1 ) would explain these δ 18 O sw decreases, which were sufficient to force reductions in AMOC strength. Concurrent changes in North Atlantic temperature, and subtropical and tropical atmospheric circulation and precipitation imply that small variations in the North Atlantic hydrologic system may have significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere climate.
Opposing regulatory roles of complement factor 5 in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

The mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis, a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease, remain elusive. The complement system, a crucial arm of the innate immune response, plays a pivotal role in several pathological disorders; however, the contribution of individual complement components to lung fibrosis has not yet been examined. Complement factor 5 (C5) and its cleavage product C5a are critical mediators in inflammatory diseases. Thus, to evaluate the role of C5 in lung fibrosis, we compared congenic C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice in a well-characterized murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C5-deficient mice had an exaggerated inflammatory phenotype compared with C5-sufficient mice during acute bleomycin-induced lung injury. These findings suggest a protective and anti-inflammatory role for C5, which was linked to the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases involved in cell migration. In contrast, C5 had a detrimental effect during chronic stages of bleomycin-induced injury, indicating a profibrotic role for C5. This deleterious activity for C5 was associated with expression of the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3, an important mediator in fibroblast contraction. Altogether, our data reveal novel and opposing roles for C5 in both inflammation and tissue repair. Furthermore, these findings provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.
Blood is thicker than booze: Examining the role of familism and gender in alcohol use and related consequences among Hispanic college students

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated cultural, ethnic, and gender differences in drinking and alcohol-related problems among Hispanic students. Familism protects against negative outcomes in Hispanic populations, thus we expected familism to buffer against alcohol problems. Participants (N = 623; 53% female) completed a battery of measures. Results suggested that familism was protective against drinking. Furthermore, alcohol use mediated the association between familism and alcohol-related problems. In sum, understanding that culture plays an important role in people’s behaviors and identifying protective factors is critical to inform culturally sensitive prevention and intervention efforts.
Hip Disorders in Childhood

John V. Banta, David Scrutton, editors. London: Mac Keith Press, Distributed by Cambridge University Press; 2003. 284 pages. $75.00. Although several comprehensive textbooks on pediatric orthopaedic surgery are available, few of them relate specifically to pediatric hip disorders. This multiauthored textbook provides a thorough description of the numerous childhood disorders that affect the hip, several of which are associated with lifelong sequelae. It provides the authoritative experience of a number of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and covers the entire range of pediatric hip disorders, describing the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and range of outcomes. The editors have extensive experience in the treatment of infants, children, and young adults with pediatric hip disorders. John Banta is the Emeritus Chief of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Connecticut School …
Ontogeny constrains phenology: opportunities for activity and reproduction interact to dictate potential phenologies in a changing climate

As global warming has lengthened the active seasons of many species, we need a framework for predicting how advances in phenology shape the life history and the resulting fitness of organisms. Using an individual-based model, we show how warming differently affects annual cycles of development, growth, reproduction and activity in a group of North American lizards. Populations in cold regions can grow and reproduce more when warming lengthens their active season. However, future warming of currently warm regions advances the reproductive season but reduces the survival of embryos and juveniles. Hence, stressful temperatures during summer can offset predicted gains from extended growth seasons and select for lizards that reproduce after the warm summer months. Understanding these cascading effects of climate change may be crucial to predict shifts in the life history and demography of species.
Schooling as taming wild tongues and bodies

Situating the body as a lens of analysis, this article examines how linguistic and ethnic minority children are exposed to discourses of control. In this reflective essay, we share our theorized me...
A Model for Self-Assembly in Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers

We present a new model based on self-consistent field theory (SCFT) approach and complement it by strong segregation theory (SST) based calculations to characterize the self-assembly behavior in si...
Direct demonstration of aquaporin-2 water channel recycling in stably transfected LLC-PK1 epithelial cells

Vasopressin-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in collecting duct principal cells has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, the hypothesis that the AQP-2 molecule recycles between intracellular vesicles and the plasma membrane in response to hormonal stimulation and withdrawal remains to be demonstrated directly. In the present study, we examined AQP-2 recycling between intracellular vesicles and the plasma membrane in the absence of de novo protein synthesis using LLC-PK1 cells transfected with an AQP-2-c-myc construct. Cells were treated with cycloheximide for 30 min prior to vasopressin stimulation, and all subsequent treatments were performed in the continued presence of cycloheximide. Complete inhibition of AQP-2 biosynthesis by cycloheximide was verified by immuno-precipitation. Immunofluorescence revealed that AQP-2 was located on intracellular vesicles in nonstimulated cells but was relocated to the plasma membrane after vasopressin treatment, even in the presence of cycloheximide. After vasopressin washout, AQP-2 was retrieved to intracellular vesicles and was relocated to the plasma membrane after restimulation with forskolin. Subsequent forskolin washout resulted in AQP-2 endocytosis, and a second stimulation with forskolin resulted in relocation to the plasma membrane. These data, obtained in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, clearly indicate that AQP-2 can be recycled multiple times between intracellular vesicles and the plasma membrane.
Characterization of Thermo-Electric Interface Material with Carbon Nanotubes

An approach has been presented in the current work to fabricate and characterize nanocomposite systems for optimizing electrical and thermal properties without sacrificing mechanical properties. An epoxy matrix based nanocomposite system has been processed with different volume fractions of carbon nanotubes. The purpose was to tailor macroscale properties to meet competing performance requirements in microelectronics industy. The nanofiller consisted of comparatively low cost XD grade carbon nanotubes (XD-CNTs) that are optimized for electrical properties. This system was compared with another system consisting of single wall carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) as nano-reinforcements in epoxy matrix. The electrical percolation threshold (about seven orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity) measured by dielectric spectroscopy was found to be at lower loading weight fraction of SWCNTs (0.015 weight %) as compared to XD-CNTs (0.0225 weight %). However, the electrical conductivity after percolation was higher for XD-CNTs reinforced epoxy with respect to SW-CNTs filled nanocomposites. The governing mechanisms for this phenomenon were investigated using transmission optical microscope. The enhancement in thermal conductivity, measured using differential scanning calorimetry, was found to be moderate at lower weight loadings corresponding to electrical percolation. However, a 90% improvement in thermal conductivity was observed for 0.3 weight percent of XD-CNTs. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to measure the storage and loss modulus along with the glass transition temperature. No significant change in modulus values and glass transition temperature was measured for nanocomposites varied filler contents with respect to neat matrix.
Cefepime-Induced Neurotoxicity Despite Dose Adjustment for Renal Disease: A Brief Report and Review of the Literature

Cefepime is increasingly used as empiric treatment for fever in the setting of neutropenia. We present a patient with acute-on-chronic renal disease who received cefepime at the appropriate dose for his glomerular filtration rate but developed cefepime-associated encephalopathy. Here, we review neurologic toxicities of cefepime and present suggestions for work-up and management.
Oil crops, aquaculture, and the rising role of demand: A fresh perspective on food security

Abstract The global economy has experienced remarkable growth during the past twenty-five years. Rising incomes have helped to alleviate extreme poverty and calorie deficiencies worldwide, and have fueled demand for animal protein and processed foods. Income disparities have also widened, leaving the majority of the world's population in the lower income groups. This paper explores how economic growth, income distribution, and trade have influenced patterns of food demand and food security since 1990. It focuses on two of the most rapidly expanding segments of the world food economy, tropical oil crops and aquaculture. These commodity groups involve multinational companies and smallholder producers oriented mainly around global markets. To date, however, Sub-Saharan Africa has largely been by-passed by growth in both sectors.
Genocide and Democide

Research about large-scale state-sponsored or state-condoned killing of groups or categories of civilians probably generates more bitter contention over facts, more turmoil over theories about causes, motives, and intentions, and more barrages of conflicting ideological claims than any other area of contemporary scholarly research in the social and social historical sciences. Disagreement continues about definitions of genocide, which events meet those definitions, and which events actually occurred. Experts have taken sharp issue with this version of reported facts and with the sources used here; they have disagreed no less sharply with each other. The author hopes that this article will serve as an introduction that motivates readers to look closely at other sources as well.
Social Psychology and the Law

Virtually every aspect of legal rules and procedures relies on assumptions about human psychology— about how individuals think, feel, and make decisions. Economics focuses on how people behave and interact as economic agents; psychology also focuses on human behavior and interaction, with specific attention to the influence of social and mental processes. Sometimes the law implicitly or explicitly incorporates findings from psychological science. For example, the law of negligence accounts for some of the limitations of human judgment in hindsight (Rachlinski, 1998). Because the hindsight bias is part of folk wisdom, legal rules have responded accordingly, such as in patent law where non- obviousness is determined by reference to secondary considerations like commercial success to “guard against slipping into the use of hindsight” (Rachlinski, 1998). But sometimes folk wisdom misunderstands human behavior and decision- making processes. Thus, for example, most people deem it unthinkable that an innocent person would confess to a crime she did not commit, in the absence of physical torture. And when folk wisdom misses the mark, it is more likely that judges, legislators, and other legal actors will fail to account for what psychological science might tell us about the human behavior in question. As one pioneer of the field of law and psychology observed over a century ago, “[Jurists] go on thinking that their legal instinct and their common sense supplies them with all that is needed” (Munsterberg, 1908). This chapter examines some of the implicit psychological assumptions about human behavior embedded in legal rules and practices. We narrow our focus specifically to social psychology, which we define as the scientific study of the ways in which individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real, implied, or imagined presence of others (Allport, 1924).
Properties and applications of dispersion-strengthened metals

In summary, therefore, dispersion-strengthening has significantly increased the useful temperature range of such metals as aluminum, copper, nickel, and tungsten, and other experimental alloys are currently being developed. Fig. 12 illustrates the strengthening achieved with various classes of alloys as a function of temperature. Although at lower temperatures precipitation-hardened alloys will be stronger than the dispersion-strengthened alloys, the converse is true at elevated temperatures, particularly for extended periods of loading. Also, the physical and chemical properties of dispersion-strengthened alloys are normally similar to those of the matrix metals. Thus, design engineers may be able to select the matrix for other properties than its strength and incorporate a dispersion in it to obtain the required strength. However, deformation of a dispersion-strengthened matrix generally requires higher pressure and temperature and less severe reduction because of the lower ductility and higher strength resulting from the presence of the dispersoid. Also, the change in mechanical properties caused by deformation and heat treatments is usually reduced by the presence of a dispersoid. Finally, although superior to other types of alloys at elevated temperatures, dispersion-strengthened alloys are currently limited by low strengths at low temperatures, reduced welded and brazed joint efficiencies at high temperatures, and lack of guaranteed minimum mechanical properties.
New adaptive method to optimize the secondary reflector of linear Fresnel collectors

Abstract Performance of linear Fresnel collectors may largely depend on the secondary-reflector profile design when small-aperture absorbers are used. Optimization of the secondary-reflector profile is an extremely challenging task because there is no established theory to ensure superior performance of derived profiles. In this work, an innovative optimization method is proposed to optimize the secondary-reflector profile of a generic linear Fresnel configuration. The method correctly and accurately captures impacts of both geometric and optical aspects of a linear Fresnel collector to secondary-reflector design. The proposed method is an adaptive approach that does not assume a secondary shape of any particular form, but rather, starts at a single edge point and adaptively constructs the next surface point to maximize the reflected power to be reflected to absorber(s). As a test case, the proposed optimization method is applied to an industrial linear Fresnel configuration, and the results show that the derived optimal secondary reflector is able to redirect more than 90% of the power to the absorber in a wide range of incidence angles. The proposed method can be naturally extended to other types of solar collectors as well, and it will be a valuable tool for solar-collector designs with a secondary reflector.
Plasma MicroRNA signature predicting weight gain among Mexican-American women

Objective There is growing evidence that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in obesity. However, whether they can contribute to adult weight gain is still unclear. Methods In the training set with 40 nonsmoking, healthy women identified from the Mano-A-Mano Mexican American Cohort study, global circulating miRNA profiles in plasma samples were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the effects of plasma miRNAs on significant weight gain during a 5-year follow-up. Plasma miRNAs associated with significant weight gain were further validated in two testing sets (N = 160 and 100, respectively). Results A total of 23 significant plasma miRNAs were identified in the training set. Among them, eight were validated in two testing sets. They were miR-142, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-15b, miR-130b, miR222, miR-519d, and miR-31. Using those eight miRNAs, a risk score for significant weight gain was created. Study participants with a high risk score had 3.01-fold increased risk of having significant weight gain in the whole study population (hazard ratio: 3.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.70-5.47). Conclusions The findings provide evidence that circulating miRNAs play important roles in obesity and weight gain and suggest new targets for understanding the mechanisms of weight gain and developing weight loss intervention strategies.
Evaluation of effect of curing time on mixture performance of Advera warm mix asphalt

Abstract Foaming warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a green asphalt technology that has been widely used in recent years. This study evaluates the effect of curing time on the material properties of Advera foaming, as compared to hot mix asphalt (HMA) mix. Test specimens were tested at three different curing time: 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after compaction. WMA performance tests, including dynamic modulus, flow number, moisture resistance, fatigue and thermal cracking resistance, were conducted for both HMA and Advera mixes. Based on the laboratory results it was found that the material properties of the Advera mix changes with curing time. As such, it is critical to evaluate the Advera mix at appropriate curing time.
Trombones Elicit Bitter More Strongly Than Do Clarinets: a Partial Replication of Three Studies of Crisinel and Spence.

We present a partial replication of the crossmodal pitch/taste correspondence of Crisinel and Spence. Male college students (n=46) were asked to judge the pitch (F1–C4 on trombone; F3–C6 on clarinet) that best corresponded with each of four tastants (unsweetened coffee, unsweetened chocolate, salt, and sugar). With trombone there was a significant effect of tastant [F(3,135)=7.574, p<0.001, η2=0.144] with unsweetened chocolate being associated with the lowest pitch and sugar with the highest. With clarinet we did not find a significant effect [F(3,135)=2.468, p=0.065, η2=0.052]. The average across instruments was significant [F(3,135)=4.269, p=0.006, η2=0.087]. When looking at the effect of taster status, we found a significant correlation [r(44)=0.389, p=0.007] with supertasters associating the bitterness of a PTC strip with higher pitches than did nontasters — this is in contrast with Crisinel and Spence’s finding of no correlation with taster status. In light of the ‘replication crisis’ in psychology as found by the Open Science Collaboration, it is noteworthy that this crossmodal pitch/taste correspondence, at least for trombone, was replicated in a different lab.
Despite KLRG1 expression, highly cytotoxic ThEO/TcEO polarized T cells efficiently establish immunologic memory (LYM5P.662)

Targeting immune inhibitory (CTLA-4, PD-1) or stimulatory (OX-40, 4-1BB) co-receptors has proven a potent anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, eliciting robust anti-tumor T cell responses and compelling pre-clinical and clinical data in a variety of cancers. We have previously shown in pre-clinical models that 4-1BB agonist antibodies engender strong anti-tumor T cell responses, imparting enhanced survival benefit in addition to evoking durable tumor regression. This impressive anti-tumor effect is due, in part, to the unique ability of 4-1BB co-stimulation to differentiate a novel subset of T cells that acquires a highly cytotoxic effector profile typically only seen in NK cells. This subset-dubbed ThEO (CD4+) or TcEO (CD8+)-is driven by the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin, and is further characterized by expression of the inhibitory receptor KLRG1. We show here that, despite their strong effector function and expression of several co-inhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM-3, KLRG1), the ThEO/TcEO phenotype establishes immunological memory and recalls with high frequency upon secondary tumor challenge with potent anti-tumor effector function. Further, these cells manifest characteristics of central memory (Tcm), effector memory (Tem), as well as stem cell memory (Tscm), and reside in multiple memory niches. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the process of memory formation and give evidence for the capacity of ThEO/TcEO cells to prevent tumor recurrence.