cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Issue Examining the Implications of Masculinity Within Military and Veteran Populations

Providing a brief introduction to this special issue of the Psychology of Men and Masculinity, the guest editors highlight the relevance of traditional male gender norms for men and women who have served in the armed forces. The editors provide specific examples of how masculinity might impact subgroups of military and veteran populations and highlight the contributions of the articles included in this special issue. The editors also discuss the need for ongoing research of male gender norms to inform treatment and institutional policies designed for military service members and veterans.
Natural reversal of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular remodeling in SU5416/hypoxia-treated Sprague-Dawley rats.

Aims Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease and improved therapeutic strategies are needed. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure, due to vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, causes right ventricle (RV) failure and death in patients. The treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with SU5416 injection and exposure to chronic hypoxia for three weeks followed by maintenance in normoxia promote progressive and severe PAH with pathologic features that resemble human PAH. At 5–17 weeks after the SU5416 injection, PAH is developed with pulmonary vascular remodeling as well as RV hypertrophy and fibrosis. The present study investigated subsequent events that occur in these PAH animals. Methods & results At 35 weeks after the SU5416 injection, rats still maintained high RV pressure, but pulmonary vascular remodeling was significantly reduced. Metabolomics analysis revealed that lungs of normal rats and rats from the 35-week time point had different metabolomics profiles. Despite the maintenance of high RV pressure, fibrosis was resolved at 35-weeks. Masson’s trichrome stain and Western blotting monitoring collagen 1 determined 12% fibrosis in the RV at 17-weeks, and this was decreased to 5% at 35-weeks. The level of myofibroblasts was elevated at 17-weeks and normalized at 35-weeks. Conclusions These results suggest that biological systems possess natural ways to resolve pulmonary and RV remodeling. The resolution of RV fibrosis appears to involve the reduction of myofibroblast-dependent collagen synthesis. Understanding these endogenous mechanisms should help improve therapeutic strategies to treat PAH and RV failure.
Indiana University Plagiarism Tutorials and Tests: 14 Years of Worldwide Learning Online

We briefly tell our story about the Indiana University Plagiarism Tutorials and Tests (IPTAT) from the original design and development in 2002 through 2016. Widespread cheating on the Certification Test in 2012–2013 required us to redesign the test. The changes resulted in a structure that offered billions and trillions of test combinations for undergraduate and graduate students. These more difficult tests indicated a need for improving the tutorial and for incorporation of First Principles of Instruction. Next, we briefly illustrate how each principle was implemented. Finally, we summarize the usage of the redesigned IPTAT in 2016 and empirical findings on instructional effectiveness.
Information and communication technology initiatives for knowledge sharing in agriculture

A survey on status and trends of information and communication technologies (ICT) use for knowledge sharing in agriculture was attempted. Among asian countries, India comes under the second next category after the advanced user category comprising Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Both profit-motive and business augmentation on one hand and community services and rural welfare on the other have been the objectives of ICT-based models in agriculture in India. Major ICTs endeavours for agriculture and rural concerns include multifaceted projects and services of National Informatics Centre, 'Bhoomi' of Karnataka, Village Information Centres of Government of India, ITC's e-Choupal, TARAhaat, iKisan.com, i-Villages of Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry) of Swaminathan Research Foundation, i-Community of Hewlett-Packard, Warana Wired Village Project, n-Logue, 'Gyandoot' of Government of Madhya Pradesh, Knowledge Network for Grass Root Innovations of the Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institution, Traditional Knowledge Digital Library and several others. The ICT endeavours for agriculture belong to a wide array of agencies, viz private sector, public sector, self-help groups and NGOs, and also include combined endeavours. e-Learning is being increasingly resorted to both in (i) in campus or 'presence' mode, and (ii) 'distance' mode. Its use is gradually easing-out the stakeholders from the stranglehold of the inter-deterrence of the 3 arms of the 'Iron Triangle', viz (i) quality, (ii) access, and (iii) cost. The social groups having less mobility are poised to benefit more from this mode of education. This could also be one of the potent tools to bring about gender mainstreaming. e-Learning is being integrated into the existing organizational and educational structure as a hybrid system that can be called 'ICT-supported learning'. Connectivity, content development, infrastructure development, faculty developmeat, need assessment on a continuum, linking the node3 and formation of consortia etc. are the areas identified that need to be supported and developed.
Analysis of the Role of the Conserved Disulfide in Amyloid Formation by Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Environments.

Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a hormone secreted from β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans in response to the same stimuli that lead to insulin secretion. hIAPP plays an adaptive role in glucose homeostasis but misfolds to form insoluble, fibrillar aggregates in type II diabetes that are associated with the disease. Along the misfolding pathway, hIAPP forms species that are toxic to β-cells, resulting in reduced β-cell mass. hIAPP contains a strictly conserved disulfide bond between residues 2 and 7, which forms a small loop at the N-terminus of the molecule. The loop is located outside of the cross β-core in all models of the hIAPP amyloid fibrils. Mutations in this region are rare, and the disulfide loop plays a role in receptor binding; however, the contribution of this region to the aggregation of hIAPP is not well understood. We define the role of the disulfide by analyzing a collection of analogues that remove the disulfide, by mutation of Cys to Ser, by reduction and modification of the...
On the total volume of the double hyperbolic space

Let the \emph{double hyperbolic space} $\mathbb{DH}^n$, proposed in this paper as an extension of the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^n$, contain a two-sheeted hyperboloid with $\mathbb{H}^n$ and $\mathbb{H}^n_{-}$ connected to each other by identifying $\partial\mathbb{H}^n=\partial\mathbb{H}^n_{-}$ projectively (but with the geodesics in the lower sheet $\mathbb{H}^n_{-}$ negatively \emph{valued}, and so is the associated volume element of $\mathbb{H}^n_{-}$ if $n$ is odd). We propose to extend the volume of the polytopes in $\mathbb{H}^n$ to polytopes in $\mathbb{DH}^n$, where the volume is invariant under isometry but can possibly be complex valued. We show that the total volume of $\mathbb{DH}^n$ is equal to $i^n V_n(\mathbb{S}^n)$ for both even and odd dimensions, and prove a Schlafli differential formula for $\mathbb{DH}^n$. For $n=2m+1$, on top of the conformal structure of $\partial\mathbb{H}^{2m+1}$, it also induces an intrinsic \emph{volume} on regions in $\partial\mathbb{H}^{2m+1}$ that we call polytopes. This volume on $\partial\mathbb{H}^{2m+1}$ is invariant under Mobius transformations but is only finitely additive, and we explore a Schlafli differential formula for $\partial\mathbb{H}^{2m+1}$ as well. As a dual of $\mathbb{DH}^n$, an extension of the de Sitter space is proposed, which is compact without boundary and homeomorphic to $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\times\mathbb{S}^1$; and it further induces an extension of $\mathbb{R}^{n-1,1}$, reminiscent of the conformal compactification of spacetime.
Effect of phase noise on spatial processing by sensors with independent Oscillators

In this paper, we study the effect of phase noise on space-time adaptive processing in general, and spatial processing in particular. A power law model is assumed for the phase noise. It is shown that a composite model with several terms is required to properly model the phase noise. It is further shown that the phase noise has almost linear trajectories. The effect of phase noise on spatial processing is analyzed. Simulation results illustrate the effect of phase noise on degrading the performance in terms of beampattern and receiver operating characteristics.
Loading experienced by a tie-in point during ascents

Abstract Working in trees is an inherently dangerous profession, with a higher than average fatality rate. Climbers secure themselves with a rope and harness to a tie-in point to ascend into and work in a tree, but it can be difficult—if not impossible—to assess the safety of a tie-in point from the ground. Very little experimental work has described the loads associated with ascending into and working in trees, but it is critical to understand them to assess safety. We measured loads induced by competitors in the ascent event at the International Tree Climbing Competition and analyzed their amplitude and frequency. We also measured the sway frequency of a small sample of tie-in points. Load time histories revealed repeated cycling between maximal and minimal impulse loads at a particular frequency as competitors ascended. After accounting for competitors’ weight, ascending using a single foot ascender induced greater loads than footlocking or using two foot ascenders. Footlocking induced loads at a lower frequency than using two foot ascenders. Although the loading frequency for all techniques was higher than the first natural sway frequency of tie-in points, the atypically large tie-in point used during the ascent event precludes extrapolation to tie-in points of typical size. Since there are very few data to quantify loads during an ascent, and many other relevant aspects to quantify in order to estimate the likelihood of failure of a tie-in point, the results will be useful to future studies.
Everywhere-tight information cost tradeoffs for augmented index

For a variety of reasons, a number of recent works have studied the classic communication problem INDEX, and its variant AUGMENTED-INDEX, from a tradeoff perspective: how much communication can Alice (the player holding the n data bits) save if Bob (the player holding the index) communicates a nontrivial amount? Recently, Magniez et al. (STOC, 2010), Chakrabarti et al. (FOCS, 2010) and Jain and Nayak gave information cost tradeoffs for this problem, where the amount of communication is measured as the amount of information revealed by one player to the other. The latter two works showed that reducing Alice's communication to sublinear requires at least a constant amount of communication from Bob. Here, we show that the above result is just one point on a more general tradeoff curve. That is, we extend the earlier result to show that, for all b, either Bob reveals Ω(b) information to Alice, or else Alice reveals n/2O(b) information to Bob. This tradeoff lower bound is easily seen to be everywhere-tight, by virtue of an easy two-round deterministic protocol. Our lower bound applies to constant-error randomized protocols, with information measured under an "easy" distribution on inputs.
Forests of Georgia, 2016

This resource update provides an overview of forest resources in Georgia based on an inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, the Southern Research Station (SRS) in cooperation with the Georgia Forestry Commission. Estimates are based on field data collected using the FIA annualized sample design and are updated yearly. The estimates presented in this update are for the measurement year 2016 with comparisons made to data reported in 2015 and prior years.
The subcellular localization of type I p21-activated kinases is controlled by the disordered variable region and polybasic sequences

p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are serine/threonine kinase effectors of the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 and major participants in cell adhesion, motility, and survival. Type II PAKs (PAK4, -5, and -6) are recruited to cell–cell boundaries, where they regulate adhesion dynamics and colony escape. In contrast, the type I PAK, PAK1, does not localize to cell–cell contacts. We have now found that the other type I PAKs (PAK2 and PAK3) also fail to target to cell–cell junctions. PAKs contain extensive similarities in sequence and domain organization; therefore, focusing on PAK1 and PAK6, we used chimeras and truncation mutants to investigate their differences in localization. We observed that a weakly conserved sequence region (the variable region), located between the Cdc42-binding CRIB domain and the kinase domain, inhibits PAK1 targeting to cell–cell junctions. Accordingly, substitution of the PAK1 variable region with that from PAK6 or removal of this region of PAK1 resulted in its localization to cell–cell contacts. We further show that Cdc42 binding is required, but not sufficient, to direct PAKs to cell–cell contacts and that an N-terminal polybasic sequence is necessary for PAK1 recruitment to cell–cell contacts, but only if the variable region–mediated inhibition is released. We propose that all PAKs contain cell–cell boundary–targeting motifs but that the variable region prevents type I PAK accumulation at junctions. This highlights the importance of this poorly conserved, largely disordered region in PAK regulation and raises the possibility that variable region inhibition may be released by cellular signals.
Being correct eventually almost surely

We study the problem of predicting upper bounds on the next draw of an unknown probability distribution after observing a sample generated by it. The unknown distribution is modeled as belonging to a class ${\mathcal{P}}$ of distributions over natural numbers. The goal is to err only finitely many times even though the game proceeds over an infinite horizon, and though there is no upper bound on what the next sample can be. If a universal prediction scheme exists that makes only finitely many errors regardless of what model in ${\mathcal{P}}$ generated the data, we say ${\mathcal{P}}$ is eventually almost surely (e.a.s.) predictable. In this paper, we fully characterize when ${\mathcal{P}}$ can be e.a.s.-predictable.
Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Laser Heater for Microbunching Instability Suppression in Free-Electron Lasers

Microbunching instability (MBI) driven by beam collective effects is known to be detrimental to high-brightness storage rings, linacs, and free-electron lasers (FELs). One known way to suppress this instability is to induce a small amount of energy spread to an electron beam by a laser heater. The distribution of the induced energy spread greatly affects MBI suppression and can be controlled by shaping the transverse profile of the heater laser. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of effective MBI suppression using a LG_{01} transverse laser mode and compare the improved results with respect to traditional Gaussian transverse laser mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The effects on MBI suppression are characterized by multiple downstream measurements, including longitudinal phase space analysis and coherent radiation spectroscopy. We also discuss the role of LG_{01} shaping in soft x-ray self-seeded FEL emission, one of the most advanced operation modes of a FEL for which controlled suppression of MBI is critical.
Heterobimetallic complexes of IrM (M = FeII, CoII, and NiII) core and bridging 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine: electronic structure and electrochemical behavior

Three complexes based on an Ir-M (M = FeII, CoII, and NiII) heterobimetallic core and 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (Ph2PPy) ligand were synthesized via the reaction of trans-[IrCl(CO)(Ph2PPy)2] and the corresponding metal chloride. Their structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as [Ir(CO)(μ-Cl)(μ-Ph2PPy)2FeCl2]·2CH2Cl2 (2), [IrCl(CO)(μ-Ph2PPy)2CoCl2]·2CH2Cl2 (3), and [Ir(CO)(μ-Cl)(μ-Ph2PPy)2NiCl2]·2CH2Cl2 (4). Time-dependent DFT computations suggest a donor-acceptor interaction between a filled 5dz2 orbital on iridium and an empty orbital on the first-row metal atom, which is supported by UV-vis studies. Magnetic moment measurements show that the first-row metals are in their high-spin electronic configurations. Cyclic voltammetry data show that all the complexes undergo irreversible decomposition upon either reduction or oxidation. Reduction of 4 proceeds through an ECE mechanism. While these complexes are not stable to electrocatalysis conditions, the data presented here refine our understanding of the bonding synergies of the first-row and third-row metals.
Validation of HTS optical turbulence profiling via sonic anemometry

Previous turbulence measurements along a near-ground, 500 m, horizontal path using two helium-neon laser beacons and a Hartmann Turbulence Sensor (HTS) yielded profiles of Cn^2 by measuring local aberrated wavefront tilts. The profiles were consistent with Cn^2 values collected along the same path by a BLS900 scintillometer. Further validation of the HTS profiling method is necessary to produce accurate optical turbulence profiles for wavefront correction. To add confidence to the HTS dual-beacon profiling method, four sonic anemometers were added along the path to indirectly measure values of Cn^2. Comparison of the independently measured data sets helps legitimize the HTS turbulence profiling method. Propagation over an equal parts grass and concrete path ensured the turbulence profile is more varied. Cn^2 profiles in this work derived from HTS data captured on 25 and 26 July 2019 agreed strongly with the collocated anemometer and BLS measurements.
Abstract P071: Transglutaminases Are Active In Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound...
Advances in the Neurobiology of Food Addiction

To summarize recent neurobiological evidence for (1) the addictive potential of ultra-processed foods and (2) the utility of food addiction, defined by behavioral criteria, as a clinically meaningful type of disordered eating. Ultra-processed foods appear to be capable of triggering biobehavioral mechanisms associated with addiction (e.g., dopaminergic sensitization, enhanced motivation), whereas naturally occurring foods do not appear to produce addictive-like responses. Neuroimaging studies have elucidated parallel mechanisms in food addiction and substance-use disorders, including dopaminergic dysfunction, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity. Emerging data has also suggested biological distinctions for individuals with food addiction evident by the brain-gut-microbiome connection, hormones, and genetics. Existing evidence has yielded convincing findings for overlapping features of ultra-processed foods and drugs of abuse. Preliminary findings from neurobiological studies of individuals with food addiction have revealed similar neural pathways triggered by food and related stimuli as observed in prior studies of persons with substance-use disorders.
Subunit interactions in liver alcohol dehydrogenase: A partial alkylation study.

Abstract The transient kinetics of aldehyde reduction by NADH catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase consist of two kinetic processes. This biphasic rate behavior is consistent with a model in which one of the two identical subunits in the enzyme is inactive during the reaction at the adjacent protomer. Alternatively, enzyme heterogeneity could result in such biphasic behavior. We have prepared liver alcohol dehydrogenase containing a single major isozyme; and the transient kinetics of this purified enzyme are biphasic. Addition of two [ 14 C]carboxymethyl groups per dimer to the two “reactive” sulfhydryl groups (Cys46) yields enzyme which is catalytically inactive toward alcohol oxidation. Alkylated enzyme, as initially isolated by gel filtration chromatography at pH 7·5, forms an NAD + -pyrazole complex. However, the ability to bind NAD + -pyrazole is rapidly lost in pH 8·75 buffer; therefore, our alkylated preparations, as isolated by chromatography at pH 8·75, are inactive toward NAD + -pyrazole complex formation. We have prepared partially inactivated enzyme by allowing iodoacetic acid to react with liver alcohol dehydrogenase until 50% of the NAD + -pyrazole binding capacity remains; under these reaction conditions one [ 14 C]carboxymethyl group is added per dimer. This partially alkylated enzyme preparation is isolated by gel filtration and has been aged sufficiently to lose NAD + -pyrazole binding ability at alkylated subunits. When solutions of native liver alcohol dehydrogenase and partially alkylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase containing the same number of unmodified active sites are allowed to react with substrate under single turnover conditions, partially alkylated enzyme is only half as reactive as native enzyme. This indicates that some molecular species in partially alkylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase that react with pyrazole and NAD + during the active site titration do not react with substrate. These data are consistent with a model in which a subunit adjacent to an alkylated protomer in the dimeric enzyme is inactive toward substrate. In addition, NAD + -pyrazole binding at the protomers adjacent to alkylated subunits is slowly lost so that 75% of the enzyme-NAD + -pyrazole binding capacity is lost in 50% alkylated enzyme. These data supply strong evidence for subunit interactions in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Binding experiments performed on partially alkylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that coenzyme binding is normal at a subunit adjacent to an alkylated protomer even though active ternary complexes cannot be formed. One hypothesis consistent with these results is the unavailability of zinc for substrate binding at the active site in subunits adjacent to alkylated protomers in monoalkylated dimer.
A stochastic analysis of steady state two‐phase flow in heterogeneous media

[1] We present a novel approach to modeling stochastic multiphase flow problems, for example, nonaqueous phase liquid flow, in a heterogeneous subsurface medium with random soil properties, in particular, with randomly heterogeneous intrinsic permeability and soil pore size distribution. A stochastic numerical model for steady state water-oil flow in a random soil property field is developed using the Karhunen-Loeve moment equation (KLME) approach and is numerically implemented. An exponential model is adopted to define the constitutive relationship between phase relative permeability and capillary pressure. The log-transformed intrinsic permeability Y(x) and soil pore size distribution b(x) are assumed to be Gaussian random functions with a separable exponential covariance function. The perturbation part of these two log-transformed soil properties is then decomposed into an infinite series based on a set of orthogonal normal random variables {xn}. The phase pressure, capillary pressure, and phase mobility are decomposed by polynomial expansions and the perturbation method. Combining these expansions of Y(x), b(x) and dependent pressures, the steady state water-oil flow equations and corresponding boundary conditions are reformulated as a series of differential equations up to second order. These differential equations are solved numerically, and the solutions are directly used to construct moments of phase pressure and capillary pressure. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed KLME model by favorably comparing firstand second-order approximations to Monte Carlo simulations. The significant computational efficiency of the KLME approach over Monte Carlo simulation is also illustrated.
Theoretical study of the H3+ ion dissociative recombination process

We report recent developments in the theory of dissociative recombination of the H3+ ion. The theory is able to explain the surprisingly large dissociative recombination rate observed in storage-ring experiments. We have found that the high rate is caused by Jahn-Teller coupling between the electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. We compare two theoretical models: A simplified model and an improved one. The two models each produce a theoretical rate that is consistent with the storage-ring observations. The final theoretical dissociative recombination rate presented here accounts for several experimental details that are often not considered.
Extracranial contamination in the INVOS 5100C versus the FORE-SIGHT ELITE cerebral oximeter: a prospective observational crossover study in volunteers

In the article entitled: "Extracranial contamination in the INVOS 5100C versus the FORE-SIGHT ELITE cerebral oximeter: a prospective observational crossover study in volunteers" published in the January 2016 issue of theJournal, Can J Anesth 2016; 63: 24-30, in the second column of page 29, the second to last sentence of the first paragraph should read: "Another study by Sorenson et al. examined 15 healthy males under different physiologic conditions". The publisher apologizes most sincerely for this error.
Genetics of the serine cycle in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1: cloning, sequence, mutation, and physiological effect of glyA, the gene for serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

The gene (glyA) of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), one of the key enzymes of the serine cycle for C_1 assimilation, was isolated by using a synthetic oligonucleotide with a sequence based on amino acid sequence conserved in SHMTs from different sources. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene revealed high similarity to those of known SHMTs. The cloned gene was inactivated by insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene, and recombination of this insertion derivative with the wild-type gene produced an SHMT null mutant. Surprisingly, this mutant had lost its ability to grow on C_1 as well as on C_2 compounds but was still able to grow on succinate. The DNA fragment containing glyA was shown not to be linked with fragments carrying serine cycle genes identified earlier, making it the fourth chromosomal region of M. extorquens AM1 to be indicated as being involved in C_1 assimilation.
Library anxiety: a decade of empirical research

This paper reviews the major publications by Qun G. Jiao and Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie that chronicles the development of empirical research conducted on the construct of library anxiety among college students in the United States during the past decade. It also examines the sizeable contribution that these two researchers have made to the body of knowledge of this emerging field of study in library and information science. The paper concludes by encouraging more researchers to continue the work of Jiao and Onwuegbuzie by examining further this widespread and pervasive phenomenon.
Interaction of Integrin α7β1 in C2C12 Myotubes and in Solution with Laminin

The dimer of integrin alpha 7 and beta 1 is a major laminin-binding receptor in skeletal muscle. We studied interactions of integrin alpha 7 beta 1 with the extracellular matrix protein laminin in solution and in intact cells. Integrin alpha 7 beta 1 bound to EHS laminin (laminin-1, composed of alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1 chains), but not to endogenous laminin expressed in C2C12 myotubes. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that C2C12 myotubes synthesized laminin-1 alpha, beta, and gamma subunits mRNAs. C2C12 laminin was, however, immunologically distinct from EHS laminin; it was not recognized by 5D3 anti-laminin-1 monoclonal antibody, whereas 5A2 and LT3 antibodies reacted equally well with C2C12 and EHS laminins. Following deglycosylation of EHS laminin, separation of the subunits by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and partial amino acid sequencing of the protein bands, the epitope recognized by 5D3 antibody was localized to the gamma 1 laminin chain. Following binding in vitro, the complex of EHS laminin and integrin alpha 7 beta 1 was subject to chemical cross-linking. The two proteins did not undergo cross-linking at the cell surface, consistent with the fact that in intact, resting myotubes integrin alpha 7 beta 1 interacted poorly with EHS laminin, which may reflect a limited accessibility of integrin alpha 7 beta 1 in the membrane to laminin or an inactive state of the integrin.
Signal classification by matching node connectivities

We propose a simple and efficient way for pattern recognition and signal classification within the Diffusion Framework. Our proposed Node Connectivity Matching (NCM) method is derived from the diffusion distance. However, instead of computing the eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the normalized diffusion matrix on the graph constructed from the data, as required when approximating the diffusion distance, we treat each row of the normalized diffusion matrix as a training histogram of node connectivities. To classify an unlabeled data point, we compare its node connectivities to the training histograms using the L2 norm as a bin-by-bin histogram discriminant measure. Through numerical examples we show that our NCM method is more accurate than using the diffusion distance.
Unity in Transposition Reactions

Cells and viruses use transposition reactions under several circumstances to move pieces of DNA around the genome. N. Craig argues that all of these events occur by similar breakage and joining reactions and that transposition proteins are quite similar structurally, in spite of a lack of substantial sequence homology.
Managing uncertainty in thermal water quality trading programs

Thermal water quality trading is an emerging policy tool that allows thermal polluters to comply with effluent restrictions by paying nearby landowners to plant shade trees. We created a system dynamics model of a hypothetical thermal trading program and conducted scenario analysis to study how weather, climate, and trading behavior might influence program effectiveness. It is likely that neither thermal trading nor conventional regulation can reduce water temperatures to desired levels, but the model indicates that trading ratios, used to account for uncertainty, lead programs to decrease water temperatures below those produced through conventional regulation.
Stimulants and lesions of the substantia nigra and red nucleus

The interaction of altered activity levels by stimulants and brainstem lesions was examined. Lesions of the substantia nigra and red nucleus significantly increased activity over control levels in albino rats. The stimulant action of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate was additive with lesion effects. In addition, stimulants disrupted the normal light-dark relationship with activity while the lesions did not. It is suggested that there are two functionally separate systems regulating locomotor activity.
Epigenetics in AML

Epigenetic regulation is known to affect gene expression, and recent research shows that aberrant DNA methylation patterning may play a role in leukemogenesis. All leukemias display aberrant distribution of cytosine methylation, which is most notably distributed in specific and distinct signatures in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These signatures reflect leukemic mechanisms and have clinical and prognostic significance. Compared with genetic lesions in AML, epigenetic lesions appear to be more frequent and recurrent.
Vorticity Dynamics in Isobarically Closed Porous Channels Part I: Standard Perturbations

When acoustic pressure oscillations are induced in a porous channel of the closed ‐open type, the linearized Navier‐Stokes equations can be solved analytically to obtain an accurate description of the temporal e owe eld corresponding to laminar conditions. The channel considered herehas a rectangularcross section, has two equally permeablewalls,andisopenatthedownstreamend.Thecurrentmethodologyparallelstheclosed ‐closedboundary analysis carried out previously for a channel with both ends closed. Limiting our scope to laminar conditions, we apply standard perturbation tools to present a closed-form solution that becomes asymptotically exact for large kinetic Reynolds numbers. Verie cations are materialized by way of numerical simulations and quantie cation of the maximum absolute error entailed in the e nal formulations. Note that the error is found to exhibit a clear asymptotic behavior. Furthermore, the analytical formulation reveals vortical structures and explains the direct ine uence of acoustic pressure oscillations on the rotational waves generated in the closed ‐open cone guration. Finally, the explicit roles of variable injection, viscosity, and oscillation frequency are explained.
Stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity by several fatty acids

Abstract Guanylate cyclase of plasma membrane of isolated rat fat cells was activated 7 to 11 fold by oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid or arachidonic acid. The activation of the enzyme by linoleic acid or oleic acid was influenced by the concentration of enzyme protein and that of the fatty acid. At 158 μg/ml of enzyme protein, 0.6 mM linoleic acid produced maximal activation of 12 fold which was partially reversed by washing. Particulate guanylate cyclase of cerebral cortex and liver was also activated by linoleic acid.
REACTION OF ENAMINES OF SOME BICYCLIC AND MONOCYCLIC KETONES WITH 2,4-DINITROCHLOROBENZENE AND 2-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROTHIOPHENE

(1971). REACTION OF ENAMINES OF SOME BICYCLIC AND MONOCYCLIC KETONES WITH 2,4-DINITROCHLOROBENZENE AND 2-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROTHIOPHENE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 77-81.
Spinal Cord Protection with a Cerebrospinal Fluid Drain in a Patient Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Paralysis and paraparesis are dreaded complications of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) that occur with an incidence of 2%–6%. Risks factors include the type of thoracic aortic pathology treated, coverage of the left subclavian artery origin without revascularization, concomitant infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, extent of stent graft coverage of the thoracic aorta, and renal failure. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) drains have been advocated as one of several protective strategies to prevent spinal cord ischemia. This case discussion briefly addresses the evidence supporting the use of CSF drains in patients undergoing TEVAR and offers an algorithm for managing CSF drains.
Tenosynovitis in drug addicts.

Abstract Five patients with identical history, physical findings, and laboratory data were diagnosed as having tenosynovitis following inadvertent infiltration of drugs into the extensor tendon sheaths of their hands. The differential diagnosis of rheumatoid, tubercular, and other inflammatory reaction of bacterial origin was ruled out. Detailed microscopic examination revealed the presence of birefringent carbohydrate particles along the synovial sheaths confirming the diagnosis in these patients. Appropriate operative procedures, synovectomy, and/or partial tendon resection and anastomoses were successfully performed for all patients.
What's New in Transplant Immunology: Problems and Prospects

In the past 40 years, transplantation has moved from an experimental form of therapy used almost exclusively for renal failure to an accepted treatment for end-stage kidney disease, heart disease, liver disease, lung disease, and diabetes mellitus. Tissue transplantation for conditions from thermal injury to Parkinson disease is being investigated. The primary barrier in transplantation medicine is the immunologic reaction of the recipient to donor organs and tissues. Currently available drugs permit excellent short-term graft survival but have not led to reliable long-term survival. Recent advances in the understanding of this immune response have suggested new approaches to induction of immunologic tolerance and reduction of late graft losses. Because of the excellent short-term success of current agents, integration of these new approaches into clinical trials is challenging and raises important questions about the design of such trials.
Plasma B6 vitamer and plasma and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations of middle-aged obese black women.

Plasma B6 vitamer and plasma and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations of fifteen middle-aged obese black women were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Estimated protein and vitamin B6 intakes of the subjects, aged 27–52 years, were 64.5 ± 15.6 g and 1.21 ± 0.68 mg (mean ± S.D.), respectively. Mean HPLC-derived plasma B6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations for these subjects were 68.9, 3.1, 1.2, 4.1, 3.4, 7.2 and 2.0 nmol/l for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and 4-PA, respectively. The mean urinary 4-PA/creatinine ratio of the women was 0.88 μmol/mmol. All subjects had plasma PLP levels indicative of adequate vitamin B6 status. Vitamin B6 status parameters of the middle-aged obese black women were similar to those previously reported for white nonobese women having adequate vitamin B6 status.
Status of reversible electrodeposition electrochromic devices

Abstract The status of electrochromic devices based upon the reversible electrodeposition of thin bismuth–copper films is reported. The electrochemistry and interface chemistry of the system relevant to information display applications are briefly described. Low information content displays are currently being produced in small quantities with saturated black and white contrast ratio of 25 : 1 and lifetimes of greater than ten million cycles. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) studies on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates were undertaken as a first step in the unraveling of the detailed nucleation and growth behavior of the Bi–Cu system at the atomic level. The results obtained support previous studies using scanning electron microscopy and surface spectroscopy. Preliminary results on the plating current efficiency of the system using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are reported.
Components for generating and phase locking 390-GHz signal in 45-nm CMOS

Components for generating and phase locking 390-GHz signal are demonstrated using low leakage transistors in 45-nm CMOS. An integrated chain of circuits composed of an 195-GHz oscillator with frequency doubled output at ∼390 GHz followed by two cascaded ÷2 injection locked frequency dividers with output frequency of ∼49 GHz is demonstrated. The peak power radiated at ∼390 GHz by an on-chip antenna is ∼2 µW. The oscillator and frequency divider consumes 21 and 6 mW, respectively.
The long reach of leptin

The energy-regulating hormone leptin affects signals emerging from certain brain regions. New results explore the nature of these signals, finding a central role for phosphoinositide-3 kinase in the brain and the endocannabinoid system in adipocytes ( pages 667–675 ).
The challenge of diagnosing temporal arteritis

Temporal arteritis is a difficult disease to diagnose. The key to early recognition of temporal arteritis lies in the physician’s awareness of this entity and in considering temporal arteritis in the differential diagnosis when any elderly patient presents with multiple and nonspecific complaints. We are hereby reporting three case histories which illustrate a broad spectrum of possible presentations of temporal arteritis. Following is a discussion regarding temporal arteritis, its management and differential diagnosis.
Climate change research in central and eastern Europe

Climate change presents both threats and opportunities to the nations and peoples of central and eastern Europe. National and international programs are directly addressing climate change, and other programs speak to natural resource and environmental quality issues that will have significant effects on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. This paper explores examples of ongoing climate change activity in the region, setting a broad context for the subsequent papers in this volume ofGeoJournal.
NMR Imaging of the Interfaces of Epoxy Adhesive Joints

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is used to study epoxy adhesive bonded structures at a proton resonance frequency of 300 MHz. Oligomeric and almost pure monomeric diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A, triethylenetetramine and xylene representing typical raw materials of epoxy adhesives are imaged at 25 and 50°C with varying repetition times to optimize measurement conditions for the adhesives. NMR images with good signal-to-noise ratios from the liquid epoxy adhesives are obtained at 50°C using the shortest possible echo times and a repetition time of 1 s. Chemical shift images of the glue-lines are presented and their possible uses in adhesive studies are discussed. The use of NMRI to detect heterogenous resin/resin and resin/curing agent mixtures is demonstrated. A non-invasive glue-line analysis is made of an aluminium/epoxy/aluminium sample with a model debonding by recording cross-sectional NMR images and a proton shadowgram.
Federal funds rate target changes and interest rate volatility

Abstract This paper empirically investigates the varying volatility dynamics of Treasury interest rates in response to changes in the funds rate target over the period 1975–1999. Structural stability tests delimit five subperiods. Along with evidence of asymmetries in GARCH processes, the impulse–response functions of conditional volatility reveal different effects between a positive shock and a negative shock to the funds rate target on future interest rate volatility. The sizes of volatility responses weakened during the past two decades, and there is scant evidence of volatility transmission toward rates of longer maturities.
Amniotic fluid and the umbilical cord: The fetal milieu and lifeline

Amniotic fluid volume should be routinely assessed in every second and third trimester case. A review of amniotic fluid physiology and techniques for ultrasound evaluation of fluid volume is presented. The causes and significance of oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are stressed. Umbilical cord abnormalities are often incidently observed at the time of amniotic fluid evaluation. The clinical significance of some common umbilical cord abnormalities such as a two-vessel cord and nuchal cord are discussed. Other, more uncommon entities such as cord mass lesions are also reviewed. Finally, the role of cord Doppler interrogation in determining fetal well-being is discussed.
Chemical reactions of lead magnesium niobate titanate in the presence of a glass

A relaxor ferroelectric of composition 0.93Pb(Mg ⅓ Nb ⅔ )O 3 -0.07PbTiO 3 was sintered with 3 wt.% commercial sealing glass at 750 °C for 30 min to achieve ≥95% of theoretical density and a nearly pure perovskite phase. At higher glass additions (up to 20 wt.%), higher sintering temperatures (up to 800 °C), and longer sintering times (up to 4 h), the amount of perovskite (PMN type) decreases and that of pyrochlore (6PbO · MgO · 3Nb 2 O 5 or 3PbO · 2Nb 2 O 5 ) increases. On sintering at 800 °C for 4 h no perovskite phase is present in compositions with even 1% glass addition. The reaction of glass with the PMN phase was found to lead to the disappearance of the perovskite. Addition of 0.1 to 0.6 wt.% MgO to compositions containing 1 and 3 wt.% glass (and balance PMN-PT) results in essentially pure PMN perovskite phase on sintering at 700-800 °C for 30-240 min, confirming that the reaction of glass with PMN and depletion of MgO from PMN can be arrested. The sintered ceramics exhibit relaxor behavior and possess dielectric properties essentially commensurate with the phase composition.
Living With Martha Stewart Media: Chosen Domesticity in the Experience of Fans

In-depth interviews with 10 women who are Martha Stewart fans addressed the roles Stewart and her media products play in their lives and why and how they use her media products. Stewart and her media products appear to play 3 main roles in the lives of these women: They encourage the fantasy of an upper-class lifestyle of elegance and luxury while providing an escape from their daily lives; they validate the women's interest in domesticity by making domestic work respectable and seem important; and they foster creativity and feelings of accomplishment and pride among those who complete projects and recipes. In addition, the women were able to use Stewart's media products flexibly to fit individual schedules, budgets, tastes, and desires. This paper argues that the domestic fantasy of class mobility privileges appearance over substance and substitutes the look of luxury for the unattainable class ascension. However, rather than condemning fans for embracing this fantasy, it is necessary to understand the pleasures provided and desires met by Stewart's media products, as well as the contradictions in the lives of Stewart's fans.
Assessment of Percutaneous Catheter Treatment of Paravalvular Prosthetic Regurgitation

the mid-term results and the imaging modalities utilized to monitor and direct percutaneous repair of paravalvular regurgitation ([1][1]) attempted in 60 patients with heart failure or hemolytic anemia have been reviewed. Regurgitant lesions were perimitral in 49 patients, periaortic in 9 patients,
Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys: characterization and vaccine induction

Abstract An effective HIV vaccine should be capable of eliciting virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have characterized the cellular and molecular features of a simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIV mac ) gag-specific CTL response in rhesus monkeys. We have shown that SIV mac -infected rhesus monkeys expressing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Mamu-A * 01 develop a SIV mac gag-specific CTL response which recognizes a 9 amino acid fragment of the gag protein in association with Mamu-A * 01. Moreover, this peptide/MHC class I recognition is mediated by T cell receptors (TCR) employing a predominant Vβ gene family and Jβ gene. Using this understanding of a SIV mac -specific CTL response, we have shown that SIV mac -specific CTL can be elicited through three novel approaches to vaccination: a recombinant viral vector, a recombinant bacterial vector and a peptide vaccine. These studies illustrate the utility of the SIV/macaque model in AIDS vaccine research.