cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Importance of the quadrupole pairing field in the Jπ = 0+ vibrations of shape deformed nuclei

Abstract The monopole and quadrupole pairing residual interactions acting simultaneously on a system of particles which move in a set of Nilsson single-particle levels and which display a nonuniform distribution of positive and negative quadrupole moments around the Fermi surface give rise to BCS state dependent gaps, which can produce effects which are similar to those appearing when there is an energy gap in the single-particle spectrum. The competition between monopole and quadrupole pairing correlations allows for the existence of J π = 0 + pairing vibrations which carry large (p, t) cross sections and weak (t, p) cross sections or vice versa. This model is used in the analysis of the observed two-nucleon transfer data on the U-isotopes.
Geometric robust watermarking through watermark pattern shaping

In this paper, a watermark pattern design approach is proposed to combat the general geometric attacks to watermarking systems. Geometric attacks pose a major threat to most existing watermarking systems by destroying the synchronization between the watermark patterns and the watermarked images. We propose to shape the watermark patterns so that the output of the correlation-type demodulator is in the shape of a specified function. Such a watermark pattern shaping can be used directly to combat moderate geometric attack, or used with other watermark schemes to improve decoding performance. A design example of the shaping filter is presented. Experiments show that the proposed watermarking scheme can survive survive (1999) bending attack to a wide range.
Where Is Argument

Argument is defined as a process whereby people reason their way from one set of problematic ideas to the choice of another. Based on this concept, six characteristics of arguments are identified.
Linear programming algorithms for worst-case identification in l/sub 1/

We formulate the uncertainty set of a worst-case identification problem using the l/sub 1/ error norm as the feasible region of a linear program. This formulation allows us to present two identification algorithms. The first one simply computes a plant in the uncertainty set. Thus, it is guaranteed a worst-case error less than or equal to the diameter of the uncertainty set. The second algorithm is more refined. It uses information about the slack variables to push the worst-case error down towards the radius of the uncertainty set, which is the optimal worst-case error.
The Expansion of Joinder in Cross-Complaints by the Erroneous Interpretation of Section 442 of the California Code of Civil Procedure

Section 442 provides: Whenever the defendant seeks affirmative relief against any person, whether or not a party to the original action, relating to or depending upon the contract, transaction, matter, happening or accident upon which the action is brought or affecting the property to which the action relates, he may, in addition to his answer, file at the same time, or by permission of the court subsequently, a cross-complaint. The cross-complaint must be served on the parties affected thereby, and such parties may demur or answer thereto, or file a notice of motion to strike the whole or any part thereof, as to the original complaint. If any of the parties affected by the cross-complaint have not appeared in the action, a summons upon the crosscomplaint must be issued and served upon them in the same manner as upon the commencement of an original action. (Emphasis added.)
The Puzzling Persistence of Dual Federalism

This essay began life as a response to Sotirios Barber’s essay (soon to be a book) entitled “Defending Dual Federalism: A Self-Defeating Act.” Professor Barber’s essay reflects a widespread tendency to associate any judicially-enforceable principle of federalism with the “dual federalism” regime that dominated our jurisprudence from the Founding down to the New Deal. That regime divided the world into separate and exclusive spheres of federal and state regulatory authority, and it tasked courts with defining and policing the boundary between them. “Dual federalism” largely died, however, in the judicial revolution of 1937, and it generally has not been revived since. The first purpose of this essay is thus taxonomical — that is, to distinguish between dual federalism and the several different models of federalism doctrine that have replaced it. These models — which include “managerial decentralization,” “cooperative (or uncooperative) federalism,” “subsidiarity” or “collective action federalism,” “process federalism,” and “immunity federalism” — each have their pros and cons, but all are better adapted than dual federalism to a post-New Deal world in which the federal government and the states share largely concurrent regulatory authority. My second purpose is to complain about residual notions of dual federalism in the field of foreign relations law. Those tendencies were on display in the Ninth Circuit’s decision in United States v. Arizona, striking down most of Arizona’s immigration law, in part on the ground that immigration, as an aspect of foreign relations, is an exclusively federal sphere. The U.S. Supreme Court’s opinion affirming the Ninth Circuit last term largely avoided such arguments, focusing instead on the specific preemptive effect of federal legislation in the field. But notions of federal exclusivity persist in foreign relations law. I argue that such notions are inconsistent with the general blurring of lines between foreign and domestic affairs that has typified the process of globalization. Finally, I contest Prof. Barber’s assertion that any notion of entrenched federalism limits on national power is conceptually incoherent. Barber asserts that federalists simply can’t make such arguments, because those arguments would have to be addressed to a national audience and presented in a national forum. One is reminded of Mark Twain’s response when asked if he believed in infant baptism: “Of course I do,” he said. “I’ve seen it done.” The more difficult problem in federalism doctrine, which Prof. Barber does not address, is simply the drawing of principled and determinate lines. On that measure, some of the other models discussed earlier are likely to fare better than dual federalism.
Study of composite plate traveling in water containing Ice Equivalent Objects

Abstract An experimental study was conducted for a composite plate traveling in water containing Ice Equivalent Objects (IEO) in order to investigate the drag force exerted on the composite plate as well as its structural response. This study considered both fluid–structure interaction (FSI) as well as solid body interaction. The plate was partially submerged so as to interact with the IEO. As test parameters, the traveling speed and the orientation angle of the plate were changed, and the coverage density of the IEO was also varied. Both drag force and the strain response of the plate were measured when the plate was in either the steady-state or accelerating transient motion. In addition, a high speed camera was utilized to capture the interaction among the composite plates, IEO, and water flow. Computer modeling and simulation was also conducted for some simple cases in order to better aid understanding. The results showed that with the inclusion of the IEO, not only was there an increase in the total drag forces but also a difference in the resulting deformed shapes of the plates. As a result, strain measurements at different locations did not vary proportionally resulting from the IEO.
Current knowledge of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic autosomal trisomy in amniocytes: karyotype/phenotype correlations

Genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis of autosomal trisomy is complex because of the uncertainty of outcome, which is important for management decisions. Compilation of cases of prenatally diagnosed autosomal trisomies in amniocytes has been done previously in an attempt to elucidate the clinical phenotype of these pregnancies. It has been greater than a decade since these studies were completed. To update this work, we reviewed cases reported in the literature since that time. These cases are correlated with the prior reports to increase knowledge about outcomes and to hopefully improve the data available for genetic counseling. The risk of abnormal outcome can be summarized as: very high risk (>60%) for 47,+2/46; 47,+9/46; 47,+16/46; 47,+20/46; and 47,+22/46; high risk (40–59%) for 47,+5/46; 47,+14/46; and 47,+15/46; moderately high risk (20–39%) for 47,+7/46 47,+12/46; and 47,+17/46; moderate risk (up to 19%) for 47,+6/46 and 47,+8/46, and none were low risk. 47,+6/46 was originally indeterminate, 47,+7/46 was originally moderate risk, 47,+9/46 was originally high risk, and 47,+17/46 was originally low risk. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA Synthesis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus V. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION

Abstract The temperature-sensitive mutant ts114 of vesicular stomatitis virus is temperature-sensitive in both primary and secondary transcription, but not in the replication of 40S RNA. The synthesis of 40S RNA is specifically inhibited when protein synthesis is shut off. The addition of cycloheximide to cells infected by ts114, rapidly inhibits RNA replication at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. However, the addition of cycloheximide at the nonpermissive temperature also results in almost complete recovery of transcription to the level found at the permissive temperature. Other inhibitors of protein synthesis applied at the nonpermissive temperature result in the same recoverability of the apparent temperature-sensitive lesion. Ribonucleic acid products synthesized by ts114 at the nonpermissive temperature in the presence of cycloheximide are identical to virus-specific messenger RNA by the criteria of size and complementarity to virion RNA. When mutant-infected cells are shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, incubated for a period of time, and then treated with cycloheximide, the ratio of transcriptive to replicative activity varies depending on the time at which radioactive precursor is added to cells. This suggests an interdependence between replication and transcription during virus-specific RNA synthesis.
Atretic Coronary Sinus Orifice With a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

Un varon de 28 anos de edad con antecedentes de linfoma de Hodgkin acudio al hospital por presentar tos productiva. Se realizo una tomografia computarizada de torax con contraste, para evaluar las patologias pulmonares. En la tomografia hubo un hallazgo incidental de una ausencia de conexion entre el seno coronario (SC) y la auricula derecha (figuras 1A–C) con una vena cava superior izquierda (VCSI) persistente (figuras 2 y 3; VCMa, vena coronaria mayor; AI, auricula izquierda; VCMe, vena coronaria media; AD, auricula derecha). El SC es una estructura clinicamente importante dado que proporciona un acceso para diversas tecnicas electrofisiologicas e intervenciones quirurgicas cardiacas. Puesto que muchas intervenciones, como la implantacion de marcapasos ventriculares izquierdos o biventriculares, las tecnicas de mapeo, las ablaciones de arritmias, la aplicacion dirigida de farmacos y las terapias de celulas madres, utilizan el SC, es importante identificar las variaciones anatomicas existentes y asegurar que se aplica una planificacion apropiada antes de las intervenciones. En casos muy infrecuentes, la atresia del ostium del SC se asocia a una persistencia de la VCSI sin que exista ninguna conexion con la auricula izquierda, como ocurre aqui. En tales casos, la VCSI lleva la sangre en sentido retrogrado desde el sistema coronario, a traves de una vena puente, a la vena cava superior derecha y drena en ultima instancia en la auricula derecha. Es importante identificar esta anomalia cuando se usa o se liga la VCSI o se planifica la implantacion de un marcapasos. Si esta variacion anatomica no se detecta, la ligadura puede interrumpir el drenaje del SC, causando una hipertension venosa, congestion miocardica e incluso la muerte. Figura 1.
I. Stereoscopic views of a dystrophic sarcotubular system: selective enhancement by a modified Golgi stain.

A modified Golgi stain is used to deposit silver in the transverse tubular (TT) network of normal and dystrophic chicken pectoralis muscle. Surprisingly large volumes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) network are also filled with silver. Otherwise, unstained 1- μ m-thick sections were observed in a conventional transmission electron microscope at 80 and 100 kV. The ultrastructural features of the SR and TT are visualized in high contrast with all other cellular components unstained. Stereoscopic views are obtained by tilting the specimen and recording two images. These striking views elucidate abnormalities at SR-TT junctional regions in the diseased muscle and one finds that narrow tubules of SR often coil around TTs instead of making the usual extended cisternal appositions. These results explain the abnormalities observed earlier in thin-sectioned material and illustrate an important aid for the interpretation of the internal membrane network of muscle. Three-dimensional electron microscopy at 80 kV fills a gap between serial thin sectioning and high-voltage electron microscopy.
Applying Economic Concepts from Life-Cycle Cost Analysis to Pavement Management Analysis

In recent years, FHWA has made a concerted effort to develop guidelines for the use of life-cycle cost analysis by transportation agencies and to promote the use of multiyear prioritization in pavement management. These efforts resulted in the development of a Technical Bulletin and Demonstration Project course materials that have been presented to state highway agencies throughout the country. A key part of multiyear prioritization is emphasis on the use of life-cycle cost information in cost-effectiveness calculations. An agency implementing multiyear prioritization as part of its pavement management system would naturally attempt to utilize the FHWA's guidelines in developing the cost component of its economic analysis. However, because of the types of analyses required in pavement management and the ways in which cost information is reported and used, the recommendations provided in FHWA's Technical Bulletin cannot be applied directly. The types of economic analyses that are used in an incremental ben...
A Substitute for a Sabbatical Leave1

Author's Summary— For those who have no sabbatical year but wish to spend a year in France without taxing the budget too much, the way is open for an exchange professorship with a professor of a French Lycee. While the financial reward is small the educational and cultural advantages are great.) (Cf. article by M. Hilleret, page 356.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND ASSESSMENT SCALES FOR DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER'S TYPE

As the population ages and the prevalence of dementia increases, so too does the need for assessment instruments that are reliable and accurate measures of the deficits associated with this insidious syndrome. Although some of the instruments currently in use (e.g., Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised) have other applications, there are numerous screening and full battery measures developed specifically to assess dementia. In the assessment literature there is ongoing interest as to the predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of these instruments. Although it is beyond the scope of this article to detail all psychometric issues relevant to the assessment of dementia, the interested reader is referred to an exhaustive review article on this topic by desRosiers. 16 This article (1) describes some of the characteristics unique to the older adult that may affect assessment outcome; (2) describes the progression of memory loss associated with dementia; (3) describes the role of neuropsychological testing; and (4) reviews the assessment measures most frequently used to evaluate the cognitive deficits characteristic of dementia, particularly dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), as well as measures commonly used to assess severity, functional (daily living) skills, and associated behavioral symptoms. Although some reference is made to other dementing illnesses such as vascular dementia, the focus is almost exclusively on the assessment of DAT. The chief goal is to provide the clinician with a practical review regarding the characteristics and application of the various assessment measures used throughout the disease process.
Popliteal artery volume flow measurement: a new and reliable predictor of early patency after infrainguinal balloon angioplasty and subintimal dissection.

Objective We have investigated whether popliteal artery volume flow (PAVF) measured immediately after balloon angioplasties of the superficial femoral artery–popliteal segments (SFA/POP) was predictive of early (30 days) and mid-term (6 months) arterial thrombosis. Methods During the last 24 months, 203 patients (56% men) with a mean age of 73 ± 9 years had 268 duplex-guided balloon angioplasties of the SFA/POP. Critical ischemia was the indication in 36%. Group I included 176 (66%) with stenoses, and group II had 92 (34%) with occlusions. All patients had completion duplex examinations that included three measurements of PAVF of below-the-knee popliteal artery. Results Early (30 days) thrombosis of the treated femoropopliteal arterial segment developed in 10 patients (3.7%), three in group I (1.7%) and seven in group II (7.6%; P P P P P Conclusions Our results demonstrate that low PAVF is the most powerful predictor of early (30 days) and mid-term (6 months) arterial thrombosis after femoropopliteal interventions. In the presence of a low postprocedure PAVF (
Transforming clinical rehabilitation into interactive multimedia

There has been an increased interest in using interactive multimedia as a mechanism for physical rehabilitation, including the direct usage of off-the-shelf games and gaming systems. Although, these games have been shown to have physical and psychosocial benefits in the elderly; they were limited when participants had significant physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The limited success in the use of gaming systems to promote rehabilitation may largely be due to the fact that the games being played on them were not designed with rehabilitation in mind and thus they do not necessarily target specific the symptoms or conditions of the disorder. However, if designed correctly and for rehabilitation, interactive multimedia and gaming systems have significant rehabilitation potential. We believe for a system to effective in promoting rehabilitation, its approach must be based in the clinical techniques used to treat the symptoms and the principles of neural science behind the disorder. In this paper, we describe and approach to Parkinson's rehabilitation using this methodology.
Autism as a selective disorder of complex information processing and underdevelopment of neocortical systems.

Autism as a selective disorder of complex information processing and underdevelopment of neocortical systems
A Method to Determine 3D Permeability of Fibrous Reinforcements

Numerical simulations of resin flow in Liquid Composite Molding processes require reliable data for in-plane as well as transverse permeability. The goal of this work is to propose a method for simultaneous determination of the principal values of 3D permeability tensor of fibrous reinforcements. The permeability components are calculated from experimental data, consisting of flow front position with time during radial injection. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations. The methodology was described in our previous publication (Nedanov, P.B., Advani, S.G., Walsh, S.W. and Ballata, W.O. (1999). Advances in Aerospace in Materials and Structures. AD-Vol. 58, ASME.), in which all experimental data was collected by using SMART weave sensor system. This paper presents an improved non-intrusive version of the method, entirely based on visualization. The accuracy is also enhanced by using least square fit to experimental data. Eliminating the necessity for expensive and often intrusive sensor...
Expanding the Repertoire of Glycosynthases

As reported in this issue, Moracci and coworkers have now expanded the glycosynthase concept to two retaining α-L-fucosidases. The newly generated α-fucosynthases can use β-L-fucosyl azide as donors for transglycosylation, enabling the synthesis of fucose-containing oligosaccharides.
A profile of symptomatic patients with silicone breast implants: A Sjögrens-like syndrome

Exposure of breast tissue to silicone has been associated with autoimmune diseases in the medical literature since the 1960's. Japanese women injected with raw silicone had features of a collagen vascular disease but did not meet criteria for a specific diagnosis. Subsequently, we have seen women with silicone breast implants that have similar problems. We performed a prospective noncontrolled study on women with silicone breast implants. Results from the first 50 consecutive women revealed the most prominent complaints in this group were fatigue (89%), generalized stiffness (75%), poor sleep (71%), and arthralgias (78%). Other problems included Raynaud's phenomenon, alopecia, adenopathy, night sweats, and frequent sore throats. Unexpectedly, half of these women complained of dry eyes and dry mouths. Positive antinuclear antibodies and or rheumatoid factors were discovered in 38% of patients although the anti-SSA antibody was found in only one patient and anti-SSB in none. Labial salivary gland biopsies in 5 cases showed mononuclear cell infiltrates compatible with Sjogren's syndrome in 4. The infiltrating cells were predominantly CD68 positive monocyte/macrophages, which is different from what is found in Sjogren's syndrome. These findings may indicate the presence of a unique syndrome associated with silicone implants that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain and autoimmune features.
Anomalous Dispersion Relations by Symmetry Breaking in Axially Uniform Waveguides

We show that modes of axially uniform waveguides of arbitrary cross section can be made to have anomalous dispersion relations resulting from strong repulsion between two modes. When the axial wave vector k is 0, the two modes have different TE/TM symmetry and thus can be brought arbitrarily close to an accidental frequency degeneracy. For nonzero k, the symmetry is broken causing the modes to repel. When the modes are sufficiently close together this repulsion leads to unusual features such as extremely flattened dispersion relations, backward waves, zero group velocity for nonzero k, atypical divergence of the density of states, and nonzero group velocity at k=0.
Desmoid Tumors of the Upper Extremity

Purpose To determine the outcomes of surgical excision with or without adjuvant treatment in the management of desmoid tumors of the upper extremity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients with a histologically confirmed desmoid tumor in the upper extremity that was managed surgically. All patients presented between 1970 and 2011 and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results There were 25 males and 27 females with an average age of 37 ± 17 years. The most common location was the shoulder (n = 27). The most common symptom was a painful mass (n = 30). Average tumor size was 189 ± 371 cm 3 . Negative margins (wide or marginal resection) were achieved in 43 patients. The 5-year disease-free interval was 57%. Patients with recurrence were younger than those without (31 vs 43 y). Postoperative radiotherapy increased the time to recurrence (2.6 vs 1.6 y) but ultimate disease-free interval at 5 years was similar in patients who did and did not receive radiotherapy. Compared with the preoperative evaluation, there was a significant reduction in patients reporting moderate or severe pain postoperatively. Conclusions Desmoid tumors are locally aggressive fibrous tumors. Recurrence after surgical excision of a desmoid tumor in the upper extremity is common, especially in younger patients. Adjuvant radiation therapy tended to increase time to recurrence but not rate of recurrence. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Near 100% CO selectivity in CH4 direct catalytic oxidation at low temperatures (<700‡C) under unsteady state conditions

Almost 100% CO selectivity was achieved with small pulses of CH4/O2 (2/1), using very short residence times over a reduced NiO/La2O3 catalyst. One concludes that CH4 conversion depends on its dissociation, whereas CO selectivity is mainly dependent on the strength of oxygen binding to the catalyst. Over the reduced catalyst, the oxygen species oxidize with difficulty (because of their strong binding to metal Ni) CO to CO2, whereas over the unreduced catalyst (which contains Ni oxide), the oxygen species easily oxidize (because they are weakly adsorbed) CO to CO2.
Prosthetic valves for the small aortic root.

Mechanical aortic valves (AVs) are frequently implanted in small (19 and 21 mm) aortic roots because bioprosthetic valves have unacceptably high gradients and many surgeons do not implant allograft valves. Three mechanical valves in common use today in the United States are the Starr-Edwards (SE), St. Jude Medical (SJ), and the Medtronic-Hall (MH). Clinical hemodynamic studies reveal that the 21-mm SE valve (size 8A) has peak systolic gradients of 13 to 58 mmHg (N = 6) with a calculated effective orifice of 0.7 to 1.4 cm2. The 19-mm SJ valve has a gradient at peak pressure of 17 mmHg and a mean gradient of 22 mmHg (N = 6) with respective exercise gradients of 32 and 38 mmHg (N = 5). For the 21-mm SJ valve the mean gradient was 5.2 ± 5.3 (N ± 12) and the gradient at peak pressure was 6.0 mmHg (N = 15). The 21-mm MH valve had resting gradients at peak pressure of 10.5 (N = 3) and 12.4 mmHg (N = 9) and exercise gradients of 15.8 mmHg (N = 9). Six months after AV replacement with small SJ or MH (N = 14) or large (23 mm or greater) (N = 83) valves, cardiac output was 4.7 versus 6.4 L/min (p < 0.03), percent reduction in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was -8% versus -21% (p < 0.01), exercise duration was 370 versus 555 seconds, and congestive heart failure (CHF) class was 1.9 versus 1.1 (p < 0.0001). Change in LVMI and valve size were the only independent predictors of CHF class. Gradients for SE are excessive and for SJ and MH are comparable, but small sizes unfavorably affect outcome. (J Card Surg 1994;9[Suppl]: 154–157)
Vaginal hysterectomy in women with history of previous cesarean delivery

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes with vaginal hysterectomy between women who have had ≥1 cesarean delivery and those who have not had a cesarean delivery. A secondary objective was to analyze the effect of previous vaginal birth on the complication rate of vaginal hysterectomy. Study Design: A retrospective analysis was performed on 221 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Women were separated into those who had a history of previous cesarean deliveries (N = 35) and those who did not (N = 186). The groups were analyzed for the indications for surgery, perioperative hemoglobin loss, operative time, length of hospitalization, and complications. Trends in the complication rate for women in the previous cesarean group were also studied from the perspectives of numbers of previous cesarean deliveries and of vaginal delivery history. The 95% confidence intervals for the difference between proportions as well as P values for probability tests were calculated. P Results: Previous cesarean delivery experience did not affect hemoglobin change, hospital stay, or operative time among women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. A total of 11.3% of women in the previous cesarean group had complications, versus 4.3% for the noncesarean group ( P = .10, 95% confidence interval –3.8% to 18.0%). Complications did not increase with increasing number of previous cesarean deliveries ( U = 1020.5, P = .28). Also, a trend toward fewer complications among patients with a history of cesarean delivery who had also had a vaginal delivery was demonstrated ( U = 836, P = .05). Overall, women who were undergoing vaginal hysterectomy who had a history of ≥1 previous vaginal delivery had a complication rate of 3.2%, versus 17.6% for women who had not had a previous vaginal birth ( P = .004, 95% confidence interval –27.5% to –1.3%). Conclusions: In this study women who had a history of previous cesarean delivery were not at higher risk for greater hemoglobin loss, longer hospital stay, more prolonged operative time, or significantly more perioperative complications when undergoing vaginal hysterectomy than were those women who had no history of previous cesarean delivery. Likewise, increasing the number of previous cesarean deliveries did not have an adverse impact on the complication rate. Previous vaginal delivery lowered the risk of complications from vaginal hysterectomy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1473-8.)
Trying to Make Law Matter: Legal Reform and Labor Law in the Soviet Union

One of the most pressing issues of our time is the possibility of rebuilding the rule of law in former Leninist countries as a part of the transition to a market democracy. Despite formal changes in legislation and an increased attention to law in the rhetoric of policymakers, instituionalization of the rule of law has proven to be an immensely difficult challenge. Leninist regimes destroyed popular faith in law and legal institutions and, like other transitional regimes, contemporary post-communist Russia lacks the necessary institutional infrastructure to facilitate the growth of the rule of law. Trying to Make Law Matter provides unique insight into the possibility of creating the rule of law. It is based on Kathryn Hendley's pathbreaking field research into the actual practices of Russian trial courts, lawyers, factory managers, and labor unions, contrasting the idealistic legal pronouncements of workers' rights during the Gorbachev era with tawdry reality of inadequate courts and dispirited workers. Hendley frames her study of Russian law in action with a lively theoretical analysis of the fundamental prerequisites of the rule of law not only as a set of ideals but as a legal system that rests on the participation of rights-bearing citizens. This work will appeal to law, political science, and sociology scholars as well as area specialists and those who study transitions to market democracy. Kathryn Hendley is Professor, Law and Political Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Pharmacologic Implications of Heparin Interactions with Other Drugs

(1976). Pharmacologic Implications of Heparin Interactions with Other Drugs. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 281-293.
Design of Falls Creek Trail Bridge: A Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Bridge

The need for lightweight, low-maintenance, easily constructed bridges for remote locations has existed for a long time. The backcountry of forests and parks throughout the United States is made accessible by trail systems that often encounter streams, rivers, gorges, and other features that must be spanned. Because of their remote locations, conventional approaches to spanning these barriers often are impractical. The Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division of FHWA, in conjunction with the United States Forest Service and with assistance from E.T. Techtonics, designed, tested, and constructed a pedestrian trail bridge 13.9 m (45.5 ft) long made of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite members. Development of design procedures for this type of bridge is presented. The initial load testing results used to evaluate the analysis and design of the structure are presented and future construction plans for this bridge are mentioned. Attractive characteristics of FRP composites for construction of pedestrian tr...
In vivo morphine treatment synergistically increases LPS-induced caspase activity in immune organs.

Caspases are a family of proteins important for the elimination of infected cells through the induction of apoptosis as well as the initiation of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-18. Morphine exposure to animals and/or cells has been associated with the induction of apoptosis. The most common practices of apoptosis detection have involved removing tissues from animal or humans and the analysis of apoptosis on cells or tissues. These methods can potentially induce spontaneous apoptosis that is unrelated to the actual treatment. The objective of this study was to develop an in vivo detection method for assessing caspase activity induced both by morphine directly and by morphine combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–immune activation. Mice were administered saline, morphine, LPS, or a combination of morphine and LPS. Prior to sacrifice, mice were injected with a poly-caspase-specific apoptosis detection probe to detect internal caspase activity in vivo. Results revealed that morphine alone did not directly induce caspase activity. However, morphine significantly enhanced the LPS-induced caspase activity in spleen, thymus, and bone marrow-derived immune cells. The use of a poly-caspase detection probe methodology to label caspase activity in vivo provides a powerful quantitative tool for the in vivo analysis of caspase activity.
A robust procedure for determination of center of rotation in tomography

Performing computed assisted tomography (CAT) requires a perfect centering of the rotation axis with the center of the detector. This requirement is sometimes hard to obtain. Thus, a post acquisition centering correction of the acquired data is mandatory. Several correction techniques can be found in the literature. However, all of them are not completely reliable when the measure is not performed in perfect experimental condition. As matter of fact, researcher use to fit the center of rotation by a post measure visual inspection of the projections. This approach is not practical at high-throughput tomography system where hundreds of samples a day can be easily measured, moreover, the visual approach does not always give the best centering. In this paper we report a new centering technique that is more robust when the quality of the acquired data is poor due to low contrast or noisy acquisition.
MAGNETORESISTANCE AND ELECTRICAL NOISE IN THE SILVER CHALCOGENIDE Ag2Te

The relatively large and linear magnetoresistance found in nonstoichiometric silver chalcogenides makes them attractive candidates for studying the mechanisms of linear magnetoresistance and for field sensing applications. After a brief review of the magnetoresistive properties of these materials, we report on the intrinsic electrical noise in bulk, polycrystalline Ag2+δTe. Low-frequency noise is due to resistance fluctuations having a 1/f-like power spectrum. The temperature dependence of the noise magnitude and its spectral slope indicate thermally activated kinetics which we attribute to some form of charge trapping-detrapping process occurring in or near the intergranular regions. The effective magnetic field noise in Ag2+δTe is also compared to other materials systems used in field sensing applications.
"What You Get Is Looking in a Mirror, Only Better": Inviting Students to Reflect (on) College Teaching

A growing body of literature argues for the benefits of consulting students about classroom practices and a few programs place undergraduate students as observers in college classrooms. There is little research, however, on what happens when a student who is not enrolled in a particular college course is positioned as a pedagogical consultant within that course with the goal of promoting more reflective and effective practice. The project described here aims to fill this gap and to forge potentially generative connections between the literatures on reflective practice and student voice. Drawing on the experiences of faculty members and students who have participated in the project, the author focuses on the ways in which the project introduces to existing models of reflective practice a new participant and a new process, both of which not only enrich the professors’ capacity to reflect on their own practice but also prompt students to reflect on theirs.
Tissue reaction to autologous elastic fibers implanted in the urinary bladder of dogs

Abstract Degenerating elastic fibers are commonly listed as a cause of granulomatous tissue reaction with giant cell formation, such as in the case of temporal (giant cell) arteritis, or in some cases of chronic pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary hemosiderosis, emphysema, etc. The purpose of this study was to determine if implants of autologous elastic fibers in the urinary bladder of dogs invoke granulomatous tissue reaction with giant cell production. Nine dogs were utilized. The elastic tissue was obtained from the abdominal aorta and implanted in the urinary bladder. The animals were killed at intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks and 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. At no time during the experiment was there any granulomatous tissue reaction or giant cell formation. It is concluded that, under the conditions of the experiment, autologous aortic elastic fibers implanted in the urinary bladder of dogs do not induce the formation of giant cells or granulomatous tissue reaction.
Simian virus 40 infection of uninoculated African Green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) revealed by repeated cell passages

Nous avons trouve le virus SV40 chez le singeCercopithecus aethiops presume non infecte. Par la methode de culture des cellules du rein et en effectuant des passages rapides nous avons pu demontrer l'existence du virus meme chez les animaux depourvus d'anticorps et meme dans le cas ou le virus n'apparaissait pas durant le premier passage.
Flying freely but in the cage - an empirical study of using Internet for the democratic development in China

With the advent of Internet technology, scholars have begun to examine the role this new communication technology can play as a mass medium in promoting democracy in Third World countries. This paper did a case study by examining the impact of diffusion of Internet technology on the democratic development in China at grassroots level. Using a combined method of web observation and qualitative content analysis, the author observed five selected bulletin board systems so as to find out how ordinary citizens have used the Internet to continue their age old fight for democracy, and how their self-expression and discussions have been politically framed both by netizens themselves and by the Internet services providers. The findings tell us that the Internet does not carry an inherently democratizing force that is irresistible, and it is not inevitably an agent of democracy. The Internet, however, concluded the author, has created a virtual classroom, that is otherwise unavailable, for Chinese people to start to learn what democracy means to them through their daily exchanges of ideas and information.
Indentities Relating Spin-Spin and Orbit-Orbit to Spin-Orbit Interactions

We derive indentities that express spin-spin and orbit-orbit interactions in terms of two-electron spin-orbit matrix elements. They can reduce, in effect, any study of the two-electron Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian for atoms or molecules to one of determining the spin-orbit integrals, thereby considerably unifying and simplifying the whole analysis.
CAD–PACS integration tool kit based on DICOM secondary capture, structured report and IHE workflow profiles

Computer aided diagnosis/detection (CAD) goes beyond subjective visual assessment of clinical images providing quantitative computer analysis of the image content, and can greatly improve clinical diagnostic outcome. Many CAD applications, including commercial and research CAD, have been developed with no ability to integrate the CAD results with a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS). This has hindered the extensive use of CAD for maximum benefit within a clinical environment. In this paper, we present a CAD-PACS integration toolkit that integrates CAD results with a clinical PACS. The toolkit is a software package with two versions: DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine)-SC (secondary capture) and DICOM-IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise). The former uses the DICOM secondary capture object model to convert the screen shot of the CAD results to a DICOM image file for PACS workstations to display, while the latter converts the CAD results to a DICOM structured report (SR) based on IHE Workflow Profiles. The DICOM-SC method is simple and easy to be implemented without ability for further data mining of CAD results, while the DICOM-IHE can be used for data mining of CAD results in the future but more complicated to implement than the DICOM-SC method.
Spin wave excitations of a magnetic pillar with dipolar coupling between the layers.

It is demonstrated analytically that the spectrum of small-amplitude spatially uniform magnetization excitations in an in-plane magnetized magnetic pillar with two ferromagnetic layers coupled by dipole–dipole interaction can be approximately described by the traditional Kittel formula with reduced saturation magnetization and effective anisotropy field. The spectrum consists of a quasi-symmetric and a quasi-antisymmetric mode, and the apparent reduction of saturation magnetization for the quasi-symmetric mode (≤50%) is much larger than that for the quasi-antisymmetric mode (≤10%). The effect of dynamic dipolar coupling between the nano-pillar layers could be partly responsible for the apparent reduction of static magnetization seen in many spin-torque experiments performed on magnetic nano-pillars.
Update on care of children with type 1 diabetes

Key Points Incidence of T1D is increasing. T1D is a lifelong condition that can result in acute and chronic complications. Diagnosis of T1D is based on clinical symptoms, blood glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c. Intensive glycemic control decreases complications of T1D, which include cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Significant research is continuing in the field of T1D, including investigations into the prevention and cure of T1D.
Substrate specificity of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase with chloroacetaldehydes

Chlorinated acetaldehydes have been the focus of research due to their role as reactive intermediates and their possible occurrence in chlorinated drinking water. This study investigated the in vitro substrate specificity of cytosolic and mitochondrial rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase toward these compounds. Monochloroacetaldehyde was found to be extensively metabolized by these enzymes, to an even greater extent than the standard substrate propionaldehyde. Dichloroacetaldehyde was metabolized to a much lesser extent, and chloral hydrate is not metabolized by this enzyme family. The KmM (mM) and Vmax (Vmax for propionaldehyde set to 100) values with the low Km cytosolic enzyme were monochloroacetalde-hyde 0.046. and 582, and dichloroacetaldehyde 0.13 and 54.9, and those with the high Km cytosolic en zyme were dichloroacetaldehyde 0.35 and 23.4. The values with the low Km mitochondrial enzyme were monochloroacetaldehyde 0.057 and 462 and dich loroacetaldehyde 0.038 and 12.9, and those with the high Km mitochondrial enzyme were monochloroacetaldehyde 0.024 and 55.5 and dichloroacetaldehyde 0.29 and 3.44. These data suggest that aldehyde dehydrogenase plays a significant role in the metabolism of monochloroacetaldehyde and, to some extent, dichloroacetaldehyde. Some evidence also suggested that alcohol dehydrogenase plays a significant role in the metabolism of dich loroacetaldehyde and chloral hydrate.
Strategic self-presentation may enhance effects of interdisciplinary chronic pain treatment.

OBJECTIVE Strategic self-presentation (SSP) is rooted in cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories, and holds that when a person presents him/herself as having certain attributes and publicly commits to having these attributes, then he or she may then begin to behave consistently with that presentation. SSP principles were integrated into an interdisciplinary chronic pain program to test whether self-presentation as a "good coper" made in a public context would increase pre- to posttreatment gains on measures of pain severity, interference, activity level, depression, pain self-efficacy, and coping. METHOD Eighty-nine patients with chronic pain were assigned to either claim that they are coping well with pain (SSP-positive) or that they are having problems coping with pain (SSP-negative). This condition was crossed with public or private commitments. RESULTS Significant 2 SSP (positive, negative) × 2 Commitment (public, private) interactions were found for most pre- to posttreatment change scores such that the participants in the SSP-positive/Public condition reported greater improvements than other conditions on interference, depression, self-efficacy and positive coping. These effects were not accounted for by participant level of social desirability. CONCLUSION Results imply that publicly committing to coping well with chronic pain enhances adjustment to pain relative to other commitment conditions.
Cultural Differences in Children's Color and form PReferences

(1966). Cultural Differences in Children's Color and form PReferences. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
Characterization of long-lived activation products in spent fuel assembly hardware and reactor pressure vessel steel

Extensive measurements have provided the basis for evaluating the radionuclide concentrations, distributions, inventories, waste classification, and disposal options for activated metal wastes generated during reactor decommissioning. A variety of neutron-activated metal specimens associated with spent fuel assembly hardware from commercial nuclear power stations and pressure vessel steel from the decommissioned Gundremmingen KRB-A reactor were subjected to detailed radionuclide and stable element analyses. Emphasis was placed on the long-lived radionuclides specified in 10CFR61, including 54Mn, 55Fe, 60Co, 59Ni, 63Ni and 94Nb. In addition, it was discovered that much higher concentrations of 93mNb were present in activated Inconel and stainless steel than earlier calculations had predicted. The concentrations of 63Ni, 59Ni, and 94Nb in Inconel components, and 63Ni and 59Ni in stainless steel components were often much greater than the Class C limit, indicating that these materials would have to be disposed of as high level waste. The accuracy of calculational methods for predicting radionuclide concentrations in activated -metal wastes was evaluated by conducting blind comparisons of empirical versus predicted values. This comparison showed that good agreements were achieved for the fueled regions of the fuel assemblies, but at the tops and bottoms of the assemblies the calculated values were, in some cases, significantly in error. The agreement between measured versus predicted radionuclide concentrations for the Gundremmingen pressure vessel steel was good. These evaluations have provided confidence in the calculational methods and have identified problem areas where improvements are warranted.
NMR powder patterns for integer spin nuclei in the presence of asymmetric quadrupole effects

Abstract Critical point analysis was used to determine the locations of the shoulders and divergences of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder patterns in the presence of the nuclear quadrupole interaction. The calculations were performed for spins l and 3 as a function of operating frequency and asymmetry parameter, using third-order perturbation theory. The resulting locations were compared with features of the simulated powder patterns. A minimum of two shoulders and one divergence was observed for each m → m − 1 transition. Additional shoulders and divergences were found in the spectra for I = 3, m = 1 and 0. The origins of all features are discussed.