cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knot what we thought before: the twisted story of replication.

DNA replication requires the unwinding of the parental duplex, which generates (+) supercoiling ahead of the replication fork. It has been thought that removal of these (+) supercoils was the only method of unlinking the parental strands. Recent evidence implies that supercoils can diffuse across the replication fork, resulting in interwound replicated strands called precatenanes. Topoisomerases can then act both in front of and behind the replication fork. A new study by Sogo et al. [J Mol Biol 1999;286:637–643 (Ref. 1)], using a topological analysis, provides the best evidence that precatenanes exist in negatively supercoiled, partially replicated molecules in vivo. BioEssays 21:805–808, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Farther Frontier: Six Case Studies of Americans and Africa, 1848-1936

A surprising number of Americans were involved with the so-called Dark Continent during the period when Western penetration led to conquest and colonial rule. The six Americans discussed are: Thomas Jefferson Bowen, who established the first American mission posts in Yorubaland; writer-explorer Paul du Chaillu; soldier-explorer Charles Chaille-Long; diplomat Henry Shelton Sanford; mining engineer John Hays Hammond; and taxidermist Carl Akeley. Illustrated.
A Linear Time-Domain Method for Structural Dynamics Identification

A two-stage, time-domain structural dynamics identification method, that circumvents some of the main drawbacks of current techniques, and combines good noise rejection properties with a low computational load and accurate modal parameter extraction, is proposed. In the first stage of the method a discrete model is obtained through a linear estimation scheme and a systematic and effective modeling strategy. In the second stage the modal parameters are evaluated according to a new procedure that is capable of detecting and correcting large errors that may be introduced into the modal parameter estimates through the discrete-to-continuous transformation. The proposed method yields consistent modal parameter estimates at a low computational load, and is well-suited for microcomputer implementation. Its effectiveness is finally demonstrated with both simulated and actual experimental data.
Network Externalities and Technology Use: A Quantitative Analysis of Intraorganizational Blogs

We examine the role of network externalities on the use of blogs in an organization. Prior research has considered social influences such as peer pressure, but there is little prior work on how the extent of others' actual usage can influence an individual's use of technology. We also examine how technology usage is influenced by positive feedback from others. Finally, we look at how the relation between technology usage and network effects is moderated by demographic variables such as age and gender. The results of the study show that usage of blogs within an individual's network is associated with an increase in one's own usage. We also show that network effects are stronger for younger generations and that this relation is nonmonotonic with age. This is interesting considering that prior research suggests that social influences are stronger for older employees. Our results also show that network effects are stronger for women than for men. Further, we show that the impact of age on blog usage in not linear. We also find that feedback or appreciation from others is associated with higher blog usage by an individual. Finally, we subdivide the network effects into various subtypes and find that network effects are strongest for relational networks, and that use of blogs by an employee's managers is associated with higher usage by the employee.
Macromolecular synthesis contributes to nociceptive response to subcutaneous formalin injection in mice.

Abstract Subcutaneous formalin injection into the hindpaw produces two phases of nociceptive response: phase 1 and phase 2. Activation of N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord during phase 1 is important for phase 2. We report here that phase 2 but not phase 1 requires new RNA and protein synthesis in the spinal cord.
Regulation of late-phase LTP and long-term memory in normal and aging hippocampus: role of secreted proteins tPA and BDNF.

Abstract Long-lasting forms of memory are generally believed to be mediated by protein synthesis-dependent, late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP). L-LTP exhibits at least two distinctive characteristics compared with early phase LTP (E-LTP): synaptic growth and requirement of gene transcription and new protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional changes of hippocampal synapses during L-LTP, in the context of long-term memory. We describe experiments that reveal the critical role of cAMP/protein kinase A and MAP kinase pathways, and the downstream transcription factor CREB. Because transcription-dependent long-term changes are input specific, we also discuss the role of “local protein synthesis” and “synaptic tagging” mechanisms that may confer synapse specificity. We then focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tissue plasmigonen activator (tPA), two secreted proteins that have been repeatedly implicated in L-LTP. Biochemical and molecular biology experiments indicate that the expression and secretion of both factors are enhanced by strong tetanic stimulation that induces L-LTP as well as by training in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Inhibition of either tPA or BDNF by gene knockout and specific inhibitors results in a significant impairments in L-LTP and long-term memory. Further work will be required to address the relationship between BDNF and tPA in various forms of synaptic plasticity, and the mechanisms by which BDNF/tPA achieves synapse-specific modulation. Finally, we discuss how the aging process affects L-LTP and long-term memory.
Composable, non-blocking collective operations on power7 IH

The Power7 IH (P7IH) is one of IBM's latest generation of supercomputers. Like most modern parallel machines, it has a hierarchical organization consisting of simultaneous multithreading (SMT) within a core, multiple cores per processor, multiple processors per node (SMP), and multiple SMPs per cluster. A low latency/high bandwidth network with specialized accelerators is used to interconnect the SMP nodes. System software is tuned to exploit the hierarchical organization of the machine.In this paper we present a novel set of collective operations that take advantage of the P7IH hardware. We discuss non blocking collective operations implemented using point to point messages, shared memory and accelerator hardware. We show how collectives can be composed to exploit the hierarchical organization of the P7IH for providing low latency, high bandwidth operations. We demonstrate the scalability of the collectives we designed by including experimental results on a P7IH system with up to 4096 cores.
Unified theory of compatible impedances

The paper presents a new approach to the solution of the compatible impedance problem. It avoids the complicated coefficient constraints, and uses a set of algebraic equations to test the compatibility of two given impedances which may or may not be positive real. Furthermore, the coupling network may be reciprocal or nonreciprocal. Illustrative examples are also given.
Time-resolved spectroscopy of Al, Ti, and Mo X pinch radiation using an X-ray streak camera

Abstract Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of the radiation emitted from Al, Ti, and Mo X pinches have been made with ps time resolution. The radiation is emitted from micropinch plasmas with sizes of order 1 μm in times in the 10– 100 ps range. Spectra implied that dense, ∼1 keV plasmas were produced, such as a 90 ps lifetime, 1.5– 1.8 keV electron temperature and near solid-density Ti plasma. The experimental systems and analysis methods are described in detail, including line ratio calculations for μm-scale Ti and Al plasmas with ion densities of 1019–1024 cm−3 and ∼1 keV electron temperatures.
New results for the production of Λ and Σhyperons in antineutrino scattering from protons

We obtain total and differential cross-sections for the strangeness changing charged current reactions \( \bar v_L \) +p → Λ+L + and \( \bar v_L \)+p → Σ 0+L +, where L is a charged lepton, either an electron, muon or tau. We do this by making use of the standard dipole form factors normally used and of the new form factors recently obtained from recoil proton measurements in electron-proton electromagnetic scattering. We also obtain the contributions of the individual form factors to the total and differential cross-sections for both sets of form factors. We find that the differential and total cross-sections for Λ production change only slightly between the two sets of form factors but that the differential and total cross-sections change substantially for Σ 0 production. We discuss the possibility of distinguishing between the two cases for the experiments planned by the MINERvA Collaboration.
Socioeconomic Factors and Urban Tree Cover Policies in a Subtropical Urban Forest

Cities are increasingly promoting policies that increase and conserve urban forests based largely on biophysical and land use-cover metrics. This study demonstrates how socioeconomic factors need to be considered in geospatial analyses when formulating urban greening policies. Using remote sensing, geographical information systems, spatial field and census data, and policy analyses, we analyzed the effectiveness of urban forest cover policies that included socioeconomic factors when quantifying urban forest cover. We found that urban forest cover was heterogeneous across the study area and non-white residents younger than 19 and greater than 45 years old living in rentals were more likely to reside in areas with less urban forest cover than any other age cohort. Our analyses also indicated that urban forest cover was temporally variable and demographic factors unique to Miami-Dade County bring to light the complexity of establishing homogenous, county-wide "tree canopy" and urban greening policy goals. We...
Ultrasonography in the differentiation of complicated and uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis.

Differentiation of uncomplicated pyelonephritis versus complicated pyelonephritis has always been problematic. No clear physical signs or symptoms are diagnostic. To study differences between the two, we retrospectively reviewed charts of patients admitted to Charity Hospital, New Orleans, with febrile urinary tract infections. Criteria for inclusion were pyuria,, positive urinary culture, and signs or symptoms of pyelonephritis. All patients underwent renal ultrasonography (US) before other diagnostic tests. US identified a potential emergency (hydronephrosis or abscess) in 11 of 98 patients (11.2%). The only significant contributing factor was the presence of diabetes mellitus, which was present in five of 11 emergent conditions and eight of 73 of the remainder ( P = 0.003). US is inexpensive, easily obtainable in the emergency room, and sensitive enough to screen patients with pyelonephritis for complications. However, we believe it is mandatory in diabetics, because of the high incidence of abnormalities in this population.
Light-front quantization of the sine-Gordon model

It is shown how to modify the canonical light-front quantization of the (1+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon model such that the zero-mode problem of light-front quantization is avoided. The canonical sine-Gordon Lagrangian is replaced by an effective Lagrangian which does not lead to divergences as [ital k][sup +]=([ital k][sup 0]+[ital k][sup 1])/ [radical]2 [r arrow]0. After canonically quantizing the effective Lagrangian, one obtains the effective light-front Hamiltonian which agrees with the naive light-front (LF) Hamiltonian, up to one additional renormalization. The spectrum of the effective LF Hamiltonian is determined using discrete light-cone quantization and agrees with results from equal-time quantization.
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella oxytoca 11492-1, a Nosocomial Isolate Possessing a FOX-5 AmpC β-Lactamase

ABSTRACT Klebsiella oxytoca strain 11492-1 was isolated from a perianal swab culture from a patient at the University of Maryland Medical Center in 2005. The K. oxytoca 11492-1 draft genome contains multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including a FOX-5 AmpC β-lactamase encoded on a large IncA/C plasmid.
Approaches to Qualify Strain-Based Design Pipelines

The importance of using strain-based design pipelines is growing due to the increasing number of projects in challenging environments such as permafrost, offshore ice hazards, active seismic areas, and in high temperature/high pressure operations. To ensure pipeline integrity in environmentally sensitive areas and overall cost effectiveness, a strain-based design approach needs to consider all key interrelated design aspects including strain demand, design methods, material selection, strain capacity validation, and impact on construction and operation. To that end, significant research and development efforts have been made by the industry to facilitate the qualification of strain-based designed pipelines. This paper describes methods developed for the qualification of strain-based design pipelines, and demonstrates how recently developed strain capacity prediction tools, calibrated by full scale testing, can facilitate concept selection, material qualification and integrity verification of such pipelines.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Needs and Perceptions of LGBTQ Caregivers: The Challenges of Services and Support

Increasing attention has been paid to the lack of services and support afforded older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) women in same-sex relationships, including caregivers. This study was designed to investigate the needs and perceptions of LGBTQ women from ages 35 to 91, including informal caregivers and older adults regarding services and support from health care providers. Questionnaires were completed by older LGBTQ women (N = 76), and follow-up interviews were conducted with 25% of caregiver respondents. The majority of subjects indicated a fear of future challenges and discrimination. Four main themes emerged when analyzing the open-ended responses: the need for health care workers who were both supportive and knowledgeable about LGBTQ issues; better and consistent recognition of same-sex partners and their rights to make decisions as primary caregivers; increased sensitivity training regarding the needs of LGBTQ patients and caregivers; and more open and accepting environment...
Measuring Permeability of Rigid Materials by a Beam‐Bending Method: I, Theory

When a saturated porous material is deformed, pressure gradients are created in the liquid, and the liquid flows within the pores to equilibrate the pressure. This phenomenon can be exploited to measure permeability : a rod of saturated porous material is instantaneously bent by a fixed amount, and the force required to sustain the deflection is measured as a function of time. The force decreases as the liquid flows through the pore network, and the rate of decrease depends on the permeability. This technique has been applied successfully to determine the permeability of gels, as well as their viscoelastic properties; in this paper the method is extended to ceramic materials, such as porous glass and cement paste. The theory has been modified to take account of the compressibility of the solid and liquid phases (whereas, those factors are negligible for gels). Analyses are presented for constant deflection, constant rate of deflection, and sinusoidal oscillation, where the solid phase is either purely elastic or viscoelastic, and the beam is either cylindrical or square. Experimental tests on Vycor® glass and cement paste will be presented in companion papers.
Coexistence of LTE and WiFi heterogeneous networks via inter network coordination

Fast increases in mobile data demand and inherently limited RF spectrum motivate the use of dynamic spectrum sharing between different radio technologies such as WiFi and LTE, most notably in small cell (HetNet) scenarios. In our project, we propose an inter-network coordination architecture which facilitates dynamic spectrum management in the HetNets for interference mitigation and efficient spectrum utilization. We aim to model interference between LTE and WiFi networks through experimental evaluation using the ORBIT testbed and the USRP/GNU radio platform. We further propose to study the performance of cooperative algorithms between LTE and WiFi network involving logically centralized system level optimization for maximizing throughput subject to certain constraints.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FETAL RAT HIPPOCAMPAL GABAA RECEPTORS

Abstract Cells were cultured from embryonic (E) day 17 and 19 rat hippocampal tissues for one or more days in serum-supplemented growth medium. Intracellular recordings in the whole-cell configuration were made at room temperature. GABA A receptor agonists were applied by pressure pulses from closely positioned pipettes. Most of the cells recorded under these conditions responded to one or another ligand. When the equilibrium potential for Cl − was set near 0 mV, current responses to GABA and other GABA A receptor agonists reversed polarity near 0 mV, suggesting a dominant role for Cl − ions in the response. Many cells also responded to the general anesthetics (−)pentobarbital and alfaxalone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione). Micromolar concentrations of these drugs, like the transmitter GABA, elicited membrane current responses that reversed near 0 mV. Sequential exposure of individual neurons to both anesthetics revealed sensitivity to one but not the other agent as well as some responding to both. These results indicate: (1) the GABA A receptor function emerges pre-natally in rat hippocampal neurons; (2) barbiturates can have several sites for binding to in GABA A receptor complexes.
The confluence of family and academic lives: Implications for assessment practices of college student learning in higher education institutions in the United States

Studies on family–work conflict among higher education faculty focus exclusively on research or promotion-related work outcomes and find significant challenges in balancing these two spheres. To ex...
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Seed Hardness in Soybean

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds with undesirable texture cause processing complica- tions in soyfood production. Seed hardness is an important quality attribute for food-grade soy- beans. The objective of this study was to iden- tify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed hardness in soybean. Three generations of F 2 -derived lines (159 F 2:3 , F 2:4 , and F 2:5 lines) from a soft ('SS-516') × hard ('Camp') soybean cross were grown in a replicated test in Fayetteville, AR, in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Pressure-cooked samples from each line were tested for seed hardness using a texture analyzer. A total of 874 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to screen the parents; 177 out of 236 poly- morphic markers between the parents showed polymorphism in the F 2:3 lines. A linkage map for seed hardness was established using 148 SSR markers, 15 of which were new and added to the current public soybean genetic linkage map. All identifi ed markers were placed on 19 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 1363.7 cM of the soy- bean genome with an average distance of 9.6 cM between markers. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be 0.56 for seed hardness. Two stable QTLs across environments (Ha1 and Ha2, p < 0.00001) were identifi ed near Satt229 on LG L and Satt531 on LG D1a, respectively, for the average seed hardness over 3 yr. Ha1 had a logarithmic odds score of 6.17 with R 2 = 12.7%; Ha2 had a score of 5.08 with R 2 = 36.1%. A dom- inance-by-dominance interaction was detected between Ha1 and Ha2, explaining 7.9% of the phenotypic variance. Research is under way to confi rm the identifi ed QTLs for soybean seed hardness in multiple populations with different genetic backgrounds.
Operation of the sympathetic magical law of contagion in interpersonal attitudes among Americans

The law of contagion is one of the laws of sympathetic magic put forth about 100 years ago to account for magical belief systems in traditional cultures. This law holds that when two objects (usually animate) come into contact with each other, there is a potentially permanent exchange of properties between them. In a prior study, we demonstrated that this law fits well with a variety of behaviors of Americans in response to disgusting and dangerous objects, primarily in the food domain. In the present study, we explored by questionnaire the operation of this principle in the interpersonal domain. We examined two dimensions of contagion. First, we show that the history of human contacts with an object can affect the value of that object both positively and negatively, depending on the nature of one’s relation to its contact source. Second, we report results consistent with a belief in both “forward” action (in which influence passes from source to recipient) and “backward” action (whereby acting on a person’s possessions or bodily residues can influence that individual). We conclude that contagion is an operative belief in American culture.
Reentrant BCS-BEC Crossover and a Superfluid-Insulator Transition in Optical Lattices

We study the thermodynamics of a two-species Feshbach-resonant atomic Fermi gas in a periodic potential, focusing in a deep optical potential where a tight binding model is applicable. We show that for a more than half-filled band the gas exhibits a reentrant crossover with decreased detuning (increased attractive interaction), from a paired BCS superfluid to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules of holes, back to the BCS superfluid, and finally to a conventional BEC of diatomic molecules. This behavior is associated with the nonmonotonic dependence of the chemical potential on detuning and the concomitant Cooper-pair or molecular size, larger in the BCS and smaller in the BEC regimes. For a single filled band we find a quantum phase transition from a band insulator to a BCS-BEC superfluid, and map out the corresponding phase diagram.
Running on Empty: Monitoring the Lives and Circumstances of Formerly Homeless Families with Children

Homelessness is a manifestation of acute poverty accompanied by long-term unemployment, deficient human capital, problems with substance abuse, inadequate welfare benefits, and other vulnerabilities. Homeless people have problems that require sustained intervention strategies that will permit them the opportunity to enter the labor market, maintain permanent housing, remain healthy and functional, and take care of their families. To this end, more and more transitional housing programs have been opened—programs that provide shelter stays of longer duration than emergency shelters as well as an array of support services designed to help people move along the path toward economic independence. Do people do better after living in transitional housing? To address this question, this research monitored homeless families who “graduated” from a large transitional housing program in Baltimore. Following two cohorts of families for more than one year at several points in time, this research finds that families exhibited a series of positive changes in the lives of both adults as well as children. Families did not become economically self-sufficient as indicated by complete independence from income maintenance programs. This study suggests that the availability of income maintenance programs, particularly rental housing subsidies may be a critical factor in permitting homeless people to stabilize their life situations.
Potential influence of IL1B haplotype and IL1A-IL1B-IL1RN extended haplotype on hand osteoarthritis risk.

Summary Objective To assess osteoarthritis (OA) association with the human interleukin-1 (IL-1) region. Design Sixty-four European-descent cases with radiographic hand OA and 48 European-descent controls were genotyped at nine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), one variable-number-of-tandem-repeat (VNTR), and one microsatellite marker extending across loci for IL-1α (IL1A), IL-1β (IL1B), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN). The genotype data were used to reconstruct individual locus haplotypes, and then locus haplotypes were used as superalleles for extended haplotype reconstruction. Results Nine different extended IL1A–IL1B–IL1RN haplotypes occurred at a frequency 0.05 or greater in either cases or controls. Only two IL1A–IL1B–IL1RN extended haplotypes were consistent with previously described extended risk haplotypes and totaled n =9 in cases and n =3 in controls [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, Haldane's χ 2 1.67, one-sided P 0.1]. Our prior report showed hand OA association with homozygous IL1B rs1143633 minor allele genotype. All except one extended risk haplotype copy also had the IL1B rs1143633 minor allele. The rs1143633 genotype association was explained by one common six-SNP IL1B haplotype bearing rs1143633 minor allele and also risk alleles at rs1143634, rs1143627, and rs16944, component markers of the previously described extended risk haplotypes. The IL1B haplotype bearing all three risk alleles was found in 16 haplotype-homozygous hand OA cases and in four haplotype-homozygous controls and conferred OR 3.4 among homozygotes (nominal P value 0.006). Conclusion Our evidence broadly supports the genetic association of OA phenotypes with an IL-1 region extended risk haplotype and specifically IL1B genotype. The extended risk haplotype previously associated with hip OA appears to be less frequent and has weaker genetic effect in hand OA. Hand OA risk is conferred by homozygous state for the IL1B haplotype characteristic of the extended risk haplotype.
MYC, MAX, and Small Cell Lung Cancer

Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery , Romero and colleagues identify somatic mutations and deletions of MAX , and also define what seem to be mutually exclusive alterations in MYC family members and other MYC-associated factors in small cell lung cancer. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of MYC signaling in small cell lung cancer and suggest possible avenues for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 273–4. ©2014 AACR . See related article by Romero et al., [p. 292][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/4/292?iss=3
High-resolution infrared diode laser spectroscopy of SO(3Σ−) in a secondary-slit supersonic expansion

Abstract A two-stage pulsed expansion method is reported in which free radicals are generated by laser photolysis just prior to expansion. The technique is applied to the 2←0 vibrational overtone band of SO(X 3 Σ − ). Essentially complete SO 2 photolysis is achieved. Following expansion, SO rotational temperatures are between 16 and 50 K depending on the SO 2 concentration.
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Oriental Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Golf Course Environment

The mating season of the oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse), in 1994 and 1995 at Bethpage State Park, Farmingdale, NY (40° 45′ N, 73° 28′ W) began in the middle of June, peaked in the 1st wk of July, and ended in the middle of August. There were differences in the emergence schedule among fairways as well as local differences between roughs and fairway. Both sexes were most active around sunset on shorter-cut turf (i.e., fairways, greens, and tees, versus roughs), and the few individuals seen during the daylight hours were mostly males. These males were generally found perched on vegetation at the border of the fairway. Feeding was not observed, except on flowers by females devoid of mature eggs. This study confirms our observations on the pattern of activity in an earlier study conducted with the use of synthetic pheromone traps. It also explains the difficulty encountered by earlier workers in finding adults of this insect in the field. Implications of the above findings on the management of the oriental beetle are discussed.
Chiral recognition and enantiomer assays of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)amino acid derivatives using electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry

Abstract A pair of pseudoenantiomers, anilide derivatives of N-pivaloylproline were prepared and used as chiral selectors for enantiomer discrimination of amides or esters of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)amino acids in single-stage electrospray ionization/mass spectrometric experiments. Addition of a chiral analyte to a solution of the two pseudoenantiomeric chiral selectors affords selector–analyte complexes in the electrospray ionization mass spectrum where the ratio of these complexes is dependent on the enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The relationship between the ratio of the selector–analyte complexes in the electrospray ionization mass spectrum and the enantiomeric composition of the analyte can be used to relate the extent of the measured enantioselectivity and for quantitative enantiomeric composition determinations. Effects of the added cationic ions (H+, Li+, Na+ and K+) and instrument conditions on the selector–analyte ion intensity and the enantioselectivity (αMS) were investigated. The percent ratio of the sum of the selector–analyte ion counts and the total ion counts decreases accordingly with the increase of the desolvation temperature for H+, Na+ and K+. The ratio for Li+ kept almost constant. The best αMS was observed at a desolvation temperature of 200 °C with the added H+. The cone voltage has little effects on the αMS values though the intensities of selector–analyte complexes are decreased at higher cone voltages. The observed MS enantioselectivities are comparable to the HPLC enantioselectivities and the sense of chiral recognition by MS is consistent with what is observed chromatographically. Quantitative enantiomeric composition determinations for five different samples of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucinyl butylamide at four different concentrations were performed. The average % difference between the HPLC and MS enantiomer determinations is 6.8% and 3.7% for the calibration lines constructed at a concentration of the analyte of 125 μM and 12.5 μM, respectively.
Hindi translation and validation of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS - 16)

Objectives: The objective of this study is to translate and validate the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Brief Version (DBAS-16)) in Hindi language. Materials and Methods: The scale was obtained online, and the permission for translation was obtained from the author. The translation of the scale was carried out following back translation method. The scale was applied on 63 participants attending the adult psychiatry OPD who were included in the study. Results: Thirty-two patients were having insomnia, and 31 patients were controls without insomnia. The results show that the translated version had good reliability with internal consistency (Chronbach alpha = 0.901). Conclusion: The Hindi translation of DBAS-16 is a reliable tool for assessing the dysfunctional beliefs and attitude about sleep.
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Presenting as Incarcerated Epigastric Hernia—A Case Report:

Reduction in mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm can be achieved by prompt recognition of established clinical manifestations. In addi tion to the classic symptoms and signs, incarceration of a previously reducible groin hernia has occasionally led to the diagnosis of aneurysmal rupture. This report details the first known case of acute incarceration of an epigastric (inci sional) hernia secondary to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. It serves to underscore the necessity of maintaining a high index of suspicion for occult aneurysmal rupture when a patient presents with incarceration of any previ ously reducible abdominal wall hernia.
Induced plasticization - An inner bore surface treatment technique for solid-propellant rocket motors.

A method is presented for extending the low temperature strain limit of rubber-based solid propellents by means of postcure plasticization. The technique is then extended for use as an inner bore treatment for solid-propellant rocket motors. The process consists of penetrating the cured propellant with a solution of a swelling agent and a compatible plasticizing oil. Once the desired penetration depth has been achieved, the lower boiling swelling agent is removed by vacuum leaving a plasticizer-rich layer capable of withstanding significantly greater strains without cracking. The ability to extend the environmental limits of solid propellants is first demonstrated in a series of laboratory scale tests which include; uniaxial tensile tests, a strain evaluation cylinder cold-soak-tofailure program, and 15-lb static motor firings and then on two full scale rocket motors. Finally, five criteria for a general, optimized treatment procedure for solid propellant rocket motors is presented.
The DNA Repair Endonuclease XPG Binds to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Shares Sequence Elements with the PCNA-binding Regions of FEN-1 and Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA polymerase accessory factor that is required for DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle and for resynthesis during nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA. PCNA binds to flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), a structure-specific endonuclease involved in DNA replication. Here we report the direct physical interaction of PCNA with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) G, a structure-specific repair endonuclease that is homologous to FEN-1. We have identified a 28-amino acid region of human FEN-1 (residues 328-355) and a 29-amino acid region of human XPG (residues 981-1009) that contains the PCNA binding activity. These regions share key hydrophobic residues with the PCNA-binding domain of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1), and all three competed with one another for binding to PCNA. A conserved arginine in FEN-1 (Arg339) and XPG (Arg992) was found to be crucial for PCNA binding activity. R992A and R992E mutant forms of XPG failed to fully reconstitute nucleotide excision repair in an in vivo complementation assay. These results raise the possibility of a mechanistic linkage between excision and repair synthesis that is mediated by PCNA.
Diffuse muscular subaortic stenosis: Surgical treatment

Abstract Diffuse muscular subaortic stenosis results from impingement of the hypertrophied interventricular septum upon the mitral valve during systole. Mitral valve replacement was used as definitive treatment of this condition in 9 patients, all of whom had associated mitral insufficiency of mild to moderate hemodynamic significance. Relief of outflow obstruction was accomplished in all patients, although 2 died from complications not related directly to the type of operation. On the basis of these observations, mitral valve replacement should be considered the surgical procedure of choice in patients with advanced hypertrophie stenosis. Three stages are described on the basis of clinical and hemodynamic findings, and appropriate medical and surgical treatment is suggested. The name mitrogenic subaortic stenosis is proposed for this cardiac disease.
Preparing students for spirituality in the workplace

Engaging spirituality in the workplace is a logical extension of an evolving preworkplace model of individual spirituality.
ShrinkyCircuits: sketching, shrinking, and formgiving for electronic circuits

In this paper we describe the development of ShrinkyCircuits, a novel electronic prototyping technique that captures the flexibility of sketching and leverages properties of a common everyday plastic polymer to enable low-cost, miniature, planar, and curved, multi-layer circuit designs in minutes. ShrinkyCircuits take advantage of inexpensive prestressed polymer film that shrinks to its original size when exposed to heat. This enables improved electrical characteristics though sintering of the conductive electrical layer, partial self-assembly of the circuit and components, and mechanically robust custom shapes Including curves and non-planar form factors. We demonstrate the range and adaptability of ShrinkyCircuits designs from simple hand drawn circuits with through-hole components to complex multilayer, printed circuit boards (PCB), with curved and irregular shaped electronic layouts and surface mount components. Our approach enables users to create extremely customized circuit boards with dense circuit layouts while avoiding messy chemical etching, expensive board milling machines, or time consuming delays in using outside PCB production houses.
A Study of Permeability to Water Vapor of Fats, Waxes, and Other Enteric Coating Materials

Apparent diffusivity and permeability of a variety of materials commonly employed to delay drug release from certain dosage forms have been evaluated using the lag time method. Several cellulose and glyceryl esters were studied and their permeability shown to vary with the relative polarity of these compounds. The influences of such variables as temperature, relative humidity, and compositions of mixtures were investigated. Thermal coefficients obtained for glyceryl monostearate sugest that the apparent overall heat of activation for permeation is about 8 Kcal./mole. The same system exhibits a very high dependency on relative humidity showing proportionally higher permeability near saturation than at lower values.
Long-term intake of dietary fat and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Introduction Dietary fats influence intestinal inflammation and regulate mucosal immunity. Data on the association between dietary fat and risk of Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited and conflicting. Methods We conducted a prospective study of women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study cohorts. Diet was prospectively ascertained every 4 years using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Self-reported CD and UC were confirmed through medical record review. We examined the effect of energy-adjusted cumulative average total fat intake and specific types of fat and fatty acids on the risk of CD and UC using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 170 805 women, we confirmed 269 incident cases of CD (incidence 8/100 000 person-years) and 338 incident cases of UC (incidence 10/100 000 person-years) over 26 years and 3 317 338 person-years of follow-up. Cumulative energy-adjusted intake of total fat, saturated fats, unsaturated fats, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not associated with risk of CD or UC. However, greater intake of long-chain n-3 PUFAs was associated with a trend towards lower risk of UC (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.01). In contrast, high long-term intake of trans-unsaturated fatty acids was associated with a trend towards an increased incidence of UC (HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.92). Conclusions A high intake of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs may be associated with a reduced risk of UC. In contrast, high intake of trans-unsaturated fats may be associated with an increased risk of UC.
Time reversal and non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (TR NEWS) techniques

Non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) has been shown to exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to both distributed and isolated nonlinear scatterers in solids. In the case of an isolated non-linear scatterer such as a crack, by combining the elastic energy localization of time reversal (TR) with NEWS, it is shown that one can isolate non-linear scatterers in solids. The experiments reviewed here present two distinct methods of combining TR and NEWS for this purpose. The techniques each have there own advantages and disadvantages, with respect to each other and other non-linear methods, which are discussed. 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Insights from Attempts to Validate a Multi‐Attribute Model of Problem Definition Quality

Problem definitions are often used as part of the problem structuring process in decision sciences. We report an attempt to validate a multi-attribute model of problem definition quality in the context of an experiment based upon the definition of the ‘alcohol problem’ on a campus. Three independent raters assessed values for the attributes of the model for 57 written problem definitions, and their rating was compared to three subjective ‘expert’ ratings made by individuals with some responsibility for alcohol policy. Our study shows that the experts exhibited considerable stakeholder bias in their assessments of the definitions, suggesting that a definition that is evaluated as good may not be subjectively acceptable to others. We present some evidence that the best definitions are those that provide direction with regard to solution, neither suggesting firm solutions to the problem nor being too open-ended. It is shown that the multi-attribute model is a reasonable tool for eliminating poorer definitions. Further, we relate our work to recent conceptual developments in understanding problem definition.
Arteriovenous Malformations in Five Dimensions

A tightly controlled Notch4 molecular switch in blood vessel endothelial cells induces regression of arteriovenous malformations in mice.
Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Soil Saprophyte Bacillus cereus in Liquid Soil Extract and in Soil

Bacillus is commonly isolated from soils, with organisms of Bacillus cereus sensu lato being prevalent. Knowledge of the ecology of B. cereus and other Bacillus species in soil is far from complete. While the older literature favors a model of growth on soil-associated organic matter, the current paradigm is that B. cereus sensu lato germinates and grows in association with animals or plants, resulting in either symbiotic or pathogenic interactions. An in terra approach to study soil-associated bacteria is described, using filter-sterilized soil-extracted soluble organic matter (SESOM) and artificial soil microcosms (ASM) saturated with SESOM. B. cereus ATCC 14579 displayed a life cycle, with the ability to germinate, grow, and subsequently sporulate in both the liquid SESOM extract and in ASM inserted into wells in agar medium. Cells grew in liquid SESOM without separating, forming multicellular structures that coalesced to form clumps and encasing the ensuing spores in an extracellular matrix. Bacillus was able to translocate from the point of inoculation through soil microcosms as shown by the emergence of outgrowths on the surrounding agar surface. Microscopic inspection revealed bundles of parallel chains inside the soil. The motility inhibitor L-ethionine failed to suppress outgrowth, ruling out translocation by a flagellar-mediated mechanism such as swimming or swarming. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Marburg and four Bacillus isolates taken at random from soils also displayed a life cycle in SESOM and ASM and were all able to translocate through ASM, even in presence of L-ethionine. These data indicate that B. cereus is a saprophytic bacterium that is able to grow in soil and furthermore that it is adapted to translocate by employing a multicellular mode of growth.
School-Centered Telemedicine for Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To test the feasibility and effectiveness of telemedicine to improve care of children with type 1 diabetes in schools. Study design Subjects, ages 5 to 14 years (grades kindergarten through eighth) were randomized to usual care (18 students; 13 schools) or intervention (23 students; 12 schools). Usual care included medical visits every 3 months and communication between school nurse and diabetes team as needed by phone. The intervention group received usual care plus a telemedicine unit in the school nurse office to videoconference between the school nurse, child, and diabetes team every month. Hemoglobin A1c and pediatric quality of life were measured every 3 months for 1 year. Analyses used multilevel modeling. Results A1c values increased from baseline to 6 months for students in the usual care group and decreased in the telemedicine cohort ( P Conclusions A school telemedicine program can improve diabetes care in grades kindergarten through eighth.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 4,4‐Dialkylcyclohexenones from Chiral Bicyclic Lactams: (R)‐4‐Ethyl‐4‐allyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one

Asymmetric Synthesis of 4,4-dialkylcyclohexenones from chiral bicyclic lactams: (R)-4-ethyl-4-allyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one intermediate: Hexahydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8a-methyl-2-phenyl[2S,3S,8aR]-5-oxo-5H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine (Bicyclic lactam) reactant: (1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol (32.4 g, 194 mmol) intermediate: Hexahydro-6-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-allyl-2-phenyl[2S,3S,6S,8aR]-5-oxo-5H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine product: (R)-4-Ethyl-4-allyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation; annulation, heterocyclic-[M,N]; cyclization, condensation; cyclization, condensation; ring opening reactions; allyl bromide; diisopropylamine; ethyl iodide; lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), preparation of; 1 M red-al in toluene; tetrahydrofuran; benzene
Novel Cell and Gene Therapies for HIV

Highly active antiretroviral therapy dramatically improves survival in HIV-infected patients. However, persistence of HIV in reservoirs has necessitated lifelong treatment that can be complicated by cumulative toxicities, incomplete immune restoration, and the emergence of drug-resistant escape mutants. Cell and gene therapies offer the promise of preventing progressive HIV infection by interfering with HIV replication in the absence of chronic antiviral therapy. Individuals homozygous for a deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32) are largely resistant to infection from R5-topic HIV-1 strains, which are most commonly transmitted. A recent report that an HIV-infected patient with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia was effectively cured from HIV infection after transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) from a CCR5Δ32 homozygous donor has generated renewed interest in developing treatment strategies that target viral reservoirs and generate HIV resistance in a patient's own cells. Although the development of cell-based and gene transfer therapies has been slow, progress in a number of areas is evident. Advances in the fields of gene-targeting strategies, T-cell-based approaches, and HSCs have been encouraging, and a series of ongoing and planned trials to establish proof of concept for strategies that could lead to successful cell and gene therapies for HIV are under way. The eventual goal of these studies is to eliminate latent viral reservoirs and the need for lifelong antiretroviral therapy.
An Economic Model of Voting Behaviour over Specific Issues at the Constitutional Convention of 1787

Despite hundreds of studies of the influence of economic interests on the formation of the U.S. Constitution, no consensus has been reached. Our study of the Constitutional Convention differs from previous ones by offering an explicit theoretical model of delegates' voting behavior and employing multivariate statistical techniques. We extend our earlier work by analyzing new information on constituents' economic interests and ideology. Further our econometric results on individual roll-call votes strongly suggest delegates who owned slaves or represented slaveowning constituents were more likely to oppose issues favoring a national form of government.