cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Genital Infections Due to Herpes Simplex Virus

This guideline addresses clinical trials of new therapies for genital infections due to herpes simplex virus (HSV). Of the two types of virus, HSV-2 is the more common pathogen. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 become latent in sacral nerve root ganglia and intermittently reactivate. Patients who have frequent recurrences (more than four per year) may be candidates for long-term suppressive therapy. In both first-episode and recurrent genital HSV infections, lesions should be cultured for HSV. Testing for human immunodeficiency virus is encouraged but not required. Serum antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 should be quantitated at enrollment and 3-5 weeks thereafter. Randomized, double-blind, active-control comparative studies are generally recommended. Placebo-controlled trials may be appropriate for recurrent genital herpes or for suppression of recurrences. Final evaluation should generally take place 10-15 days after the completion of therapy.
Making Inclusive Communities: Congregations and the “Problem” of Race

How do racially inclusive public spaces-arenas of interaction and discourse-come about in local community organizations? Such organizations, especially voluntary ones, generally do not have inclusiveness thrust upon them by state-mandated affirmative action requirements; in fact, they are an important arena of civic life precisely because they are a public space not dominated by state control. What prompts such organizations to make racial inclusiveness a goal, and what is the nature or the shape of the resulting public space? What kinds of discourse and interaction take place? Does racial inclusion lead to inclusion along other lines of social division, for example, socioeconomic status or lifestyle? How is inclusiveness in discourse, symbolism, interaction, and positions of power within the organization related to the ability to mobilize for social change beyond the organization? Answering these questions requires understanding the institutional and cultural practices through which organizations come to their multi-racial or multi-cultural identity. This is a comparative case study of how two congregations in Oak Park, Illinois, became racially inclusive public spaces, adopting a multiracial and multicultural identity.' The community's residential racial integration posed a problem of fundamental environmental transformation (Haveman 1992), and congregations within the community reacted in a variety of ways. Some ignored the changes and declined; some moved away. Some stayed and developed a regional focus, drawing members from all over Chicago's western suburbs; these remained socially quite homogeneous. Some congregations stayed and reinvented a new local
Hedgehog signaling is directly required for the development of zebrafish dorsal root ganglia neurons.

Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction is directly required in zebrafish DRG precursors for proper development of DRG neurons. Zebrafish mutations in the Hh signaling pathway result in the absence of DRG neurons and the loss of expression of neurogenin1 ( ngn1 ), a gene required for determination of DRG precursors. Cell transplantation experiments demonstrate that Hh acts directly on DRG neuron precursors. Blocking Hh pathway activation at later stages of embryogenesis with the steroidal alkaloid, cyclopamine, further reveals that the requirement for a Hh signal response in DRG precursors correlates with the onset of ngn1 expression. These results suggest that Hh signaling may normally promote DRG development by regulating expression of ngn1 in DRG precursors.
The development of sucking patterns and physiologic correlates in very-low-birth-weight infants

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the development of nutritive sucking patterns and physiologic correlates in very-low-birth-weight infants. Fifty infants with a mean gestational age of 29.5 weeks (SD = 1.8 weeks) and mean birth weight of 1466 g (SD = 322 g) generated 106 sucking records. The mean number of sucks and maximum pressure increased with increasing postconceptual age. The time required per burst decreased between 32 weeks and 36 weeks. The mean time between sucks also decreased. The mean heart rates for the three 5-minute periods ranged from 158.56 to 177.97 bpm. Mean oxygen saturation ranged from 94.36% to 97.15%. Mean systolic pressure ranged from 69.82 mm Hg to 76.85 mm Hg mean diastolic pressure from 43.63 mm Hg to 45.33 mmHg. Sucking parameter measurements can be used to distinguish an infant who is maturing and organizing appropriately for postconceptual age.
Nuclear Factor-1-X Regulates Astrocyte-specific Expression of the α1-Antichymotrypsin and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Genes

Discrete tissue-specific changes in chromatin structure of the distal serpin subcluster on human chromosome 14q32.1 allow a single gene encoding α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) to be expressed in astrocytes and glioma cells. This astrocyte-specific regulation involves activatory protein-1 (AP-1) because overexpression of dominant-negative c-jun(TAM67) abolishes ACT expression in glioma cells. Here we identify a new regulatory element, located within the –13-kb enhancer of the ACT gene, that binds nuclear factor-1 (NFI) and is indispensable for the full basal transcriptional activity of the ACT gene. Furthermore, down-regulation of NFI expression by siRNA abolishes basal ACT expression in glioma cells. However, NFI does not mediate astrocyte-specific expression by itself, but likely cooperates with AP-1. A detailed analysis of the 14-kb long 5′-flanking region of the ACT gene indicated the presence of adjacent NFI and AP-1 elements that colocalized with DNase I-hypersensitive sites found in astrocytes and glioma cells. Interestingly, knock-down of NFI expression also specifically abrogates the expression of glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP), which is an astrocyte-specific marker protein. Mutations introduced into putative NFI and AP-1 elements within the 5′-flanking region of the GFAP gene also diminished basal expression of the reporter. In addition, we found, using isoform-specific siRNAs, that NFI-X regulates the astrocyte-specific expression of ACT and GFAP. We propose that NFI-X cooperates with AP-1 by an unknown mechanism in astrocytes, which results in the expression of a subset of astrocyte-specific genes.
Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa

This is a sequel to Fredrickson's "White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History" (OUP USA 1981). Where that book dealt with white domination of blacks in both societies, "Black Liberation" focuses on the efforts of African Americans and South African blacks to combat this domination. The book starts in the 1860s, following the emancipation of slaves after the Civil War, and ends with the conclusion of apartheid in South Africa.
A Comparison of the Predictive Validities of Selected Academic Tests of the American College Test (Act) Assessment Program and the Descriptive Tests of Language Skills for College Freshmen in a Basic Skills Program

A comparative evaluation was made of the ability of the four Ac ademic Tests of the American College Test (ACT) Assessment Pro gram and the Descriptive Tests of Language Skills (DTLS) to pre dict course grades and freshman grade-point average for 496 students enrolled in a basic skills program at a large four-year mid western university. Multiple regression analyses indicated that per formance in basic skills courses, notably reading and writing, can be predicted equally well by a subset of the Academic Tests of the ACT Assessment Program or a subset of the DLTS. Performance in a basic skills mathematics course was predicted considerably more ac curately by three of the four Academic Tests of the ACT Assessment Program as opposed to one subtest from the DTLS. Grade point av erage was predicted equally well with selected subtests from both in struments.
Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II

In the politically turbulent post–World War II period, proposed federal legislation to expand the welfare state pitted conservative Republicans against liberal Democrats in Congress. The conflict over national health insurance introduced between 1943 and 1947 in the Wagner-Murray- Dingell bill ended in a conservative victory with the bill stalled in committee. The primary constituents of the two sides were American Medical Association (AMA) spokesmen and corporate interests on the political right and labor leaders and public health advocates on the left. By 1946 the conservatives controlled Congress; thereafter liberal congressional reformers defaulted on the national health issue, as they had throughout the twentieth century, to corporate progressives and the tenets of “welfare capitalism.” Government continued as a regulator of “minimum standards” for business and industry. Provision of voluntary health insurance and direct medical services was left to the private sector. The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program emerged out of the political stalemate over health care in the middle 1940s as a highly efficient and popular prepaid group health plan, innovative in its large scale and total integration of service and facilities. Its survival and growth was due to its acceptability to both liberals and conservatives as a model private-sector alternative to national health insurance or any other form of state medicine.
7 Cloning and Expression of the Human High Affinity Receptor for IgE

Mastcells and basophils express on their cell surface a receptor with high affinity for IgE (FceRI). Binding of allergen to receptor-bound IgE leads to cell activation and the release of mediators (like histamine) responsible for the symptoms seen in allergic reactions. Understanding the structure and function of this receptor could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches which would directly interfere with IgE-mediated mastcell activation. FceRI consists of a tetramer of one α, one β and two γ subunits. Our group has already published the cloning of the α and γ subunits (J. Kochan et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 3584-94, 1988 / H. Kuster et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265: 6448-52, 1990). Here we report the cloning of the gene and of the cDNA for the β subunit and the expression of the complete human receptor in COS-7 cells. The β subunit is a peptide of 244 aminoacids which crosses the plasma membrane 4 limes, both termini being inside the cell. It is encoded by 7 exons spanning over 8 kilobases. Previously transient expression of the rodent receptor showed that all three subunits are required in order to achieve cell surface expression of the receptor. In contrast for human FceRI the α and γ subunit alone are sufficient, the β subunit seems not necessary.
Electroanatomic imaging using magnetic catheter tracking in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial arrhythmias

Recent data emphasize the importance of structural factors in the pathophysiology of atrial arrhythmias. As a consequence, catheter ablation increasingly has become an anatomically oriented procedure. A recently developed magnetic catheter tracking system provides spatially precise and realistic three-dimensional reconstructions of endocardial geometry. A variety of electrophysiologic data can be superimposed on these reconstructions, including activation sequence, electrogram amplitude and morphologic features, response to pacing maneuvers, and sites of planned or delivered radiofrequency energy ablation. These features enhance the ability to analyze and visualize arrhythmia mechanisms, plan and execute appropriate ablation strategies, and provide new opportunities for physiologic research.
Device Features for Managing Patients with Heart Failure

Implanted devices in heart failure patients improve survival, but requires correct prescription, programming, and monitoring. Requirements change since heart failure is a dynamic condition. Repeated episodes of acute decompensation increase mortality. Events involve several processes converging to manifest with fluid congestion. Implantable devices identify changes such as those in rhythm, device function or hemodynamics. Incorporation of remote monitoring technology (TRUST Trial), enables tracking of these parameters and prompt notification of deviations, even if the patient remains asymptomatic. This may facilitate management of large patient volumes and enable pre-emptive treatment to improve outcomes in these high-risk patients.
Sonic Millip3De: An Architecture for Handheld 3D Ultrasound

3D ultrasound is becoming common for noninvasive medical imaging because of its high accuracy, safety, and ease of use. Unlike other modalities, ultrasound transducers require little power, which makes handheld imaging platforms possible, and several low-resolution 2D devices are commercially available today. However, the extreme computational requirements (and associated power requirements) of 3D ultrasound image formation have, to date, precluded handheld 3D-capable devices. The authors describe the Sonic Millip3De, a new system architecture and accelerator for 3D ultrasound beamforming--the most computationally intensive aspect of image formation. Their three-layer die-stacked design combines a new approach to the ultrasound imaging algorithm better suited to hardware with a custom beamforming accelerator that employs massive data parallelism and a streaming pipeline architecture to achieve high-quality 3D ultrasound imaging within a full-system power of 15 W in 45-nm semiconductor technology (400&#x00D7; less than a conventional DSP solution). Under anticipated scaling trends, the authors project that Sonic Millip3De will achieve the target 5-W power budget by the 16-nm technology node.
Ro/SSA antigen in human epidermis.

SUMMARY It has been shown previously by an immunofluorcscence technique, that whole serum from patients who have anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies reacts with a component or components of the epidermis. We have now demonstrated by immunoblotting that the antigen identified in human epidermis by anti-Ro/SSA sera is Ro/SSA antigen, and that Ro/SSA antigen is present both in adult and in neonatal epidermis. The presence of this antigen in tissues which are injured in the anti-Ro/SSA-associated syndromes subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and neonatal lupus erythematosus supports the hypothesis that anti-Ro/SSA antibodies react with Ro/SSA antigen in the skin and are important in the initiation of tissue damage.
Frictionally Excited Thermoelastic Instability in Automotive Drum Brakes

Thermoelastic instability in automotive drum brake systems is investigated using a finite layer model with one-sided frictional heating. With realistic material properties of automotive brakes, the stability behavior of the one-sided heating mode is similar to that of the antisymmetric mode of two-sided heating but the critical speed of the former is higher than that of the latter. The effects of the friction coefficient and brake material properties on the critical speeds are examined and the most influential properties are found to be the coefficient of friction and the thermal expansion coefficient of drum materials. Vehicle tests were performed to observe the critical speeds of the drum brake systems with aluminum drum materials. Direct comparisons are made between the calculation and measurement for the critical speed and hot spot spacing. Good agreement is achieved when the critical speeds are calculated using the temperature-dependent friction material properties and the reduced coefficient of friction to account for the effect of intermittent contact.
CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, AND MEANING*,**

L'objectif est de demontrer comment deux importantes doctrines contemporaines, le holisme a propos de la confirmation et l'anti-individualisme au sujet de l'individuation des etats mentaux, influent sur notre comprehension de la vision traditionnelle des concepts
OSA symptoms associated with and predictive of anxiety in middle-aged men: secondary analysis of NHANES data.

Abstract Object This population-based study examined obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms predictive of anxiety in middle-aged men. Method Secondary analyses were conducted on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008 data using weighted samples and complex sample analysis techniques (unweighted N =1,217). Findings Nonrefreshing sleep ( χ 2 =69.333, p χ 2 =47.766, p χ 2 =30.692, p p p =0.001) were predictive of anxiety. Conclusion Comorbid anxiety and OSA symptoms are common and have implications for activities of daily living, social responsibilities, and quality of life. Screening for anxiety among men with OSA symptoms is recommended.
Sonography as a preferred diagnostic tool to assess shoulder displacement in brachial plexus palsy

Sonographic imaging of the shoulder in an infant is a challenge for pediatric physicians, radiologists, and sonographers. At the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, sonographic techniques have been used to examine the posterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint in patients with brachial plexus palsy. Between 1999 and 2006 146 patients were evaluated by sonography, including 124 patients who were assessed both before and after therapeutic intervention. The sonographic findings were accurate and reliable in providing diagnostic information. The advantages are that ultrasonic energy involves no ionizing radiation and is noninvasive, examination times are shorter than computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), costs are lower, and no sedation is needed in preparation. Results showed that when properly performed, sonography is a diagnostic tool preferable over plain x-ray, CT, MRI, and arthrography in evaluating the shoulder in infants.
Influence of interface thermal conductance on the apparent thermal conductivity of thin films

The thermal conductance of 8- to 200-nm-thick films of SiO and MgO is measured in the 2 temperature range 78 - 400 K using the 3 omega method. The apparent thermal conductivity of the films is reduced by the finite thermal conductance of the interfaces between the metal film heater and the dielectric layer, and between the dielectric layer and the Si substrate. For SiO films at 250 K, the conductance of the two interfaces added in series is G 6 10 3 2 I W cm 2 K, equivalent to the thermal conductance of a 20-nm-thick film of SiO . For MgO 2 films, G is significantly smaller, G 2.5 10 3 W cm 2 K. I I
Phosphorylation at the Homotypic Interface Regulates Nucleoprotein Oligomerization and Assembly of the Influenza Virus Replication Machinery

Negative-sense RNA viruses assemble large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that direct replication and transcription of the viral genome. Influenza virus RNPs contain the polymerase, genomic RNA and multiple copies of nucleoprotein (NP). During RNP assembly, monomeric NP oligomerizes along the length of the genomic RNA. Regulated assembly of the RNP is essential for virus replication, but how NP is maintained as a monomer that subsequently oligomerizes to form RNPs is poorly understood. Here we elucidate a mechanism whereby NP phosphorylation regulates oligomerization. We identified new evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites on NP and demonstrated that phosphorylation of NP decreased formation of higher-order complexes. Two phosphorylation sites were located on opposite sides of the NP:NP interface. In both influenza A and B virus, mutating or mimicking phosphorylation at these residues blocked homotypic interactions and drove NP towards a monomeric form. Highlighting the central role of this process during infection, these mutations impaired RNP formation, polymerase activity and virus replication. Thus, dynamic phosphorylation of NP regulates RNP assembly and modulates progression through the viral life cycle.
Contribution to the mathematical biophysics of automobile driving

Traffic in one direction on a multilane highway is considered, and a general expression for the number of cars which pass a car travelling at a given velocity, as well as the number of cars which the given car passes, is derived for the case when the speeds of different cars are distributed in some arbitrary manner. Closed expressions are derived and discussed for a rectangular distribution. Each passing by another car or of another car is considered as a distracting stimulus which affects the reaction times of the driver. Using previously derived expressions for the safe speed as a function of reaction times, expressions for the safe average speed are derived, in terms of the volume of traffic and of the spread of the distribution of speeds.
Bile compound-induced DNA damage and repair in bacteriophage T4.

Two bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) and two bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) were shown to inactivate bacteriophage T4. The inactivation was largely reversed when the phage was allowed to undergo recombinational repair, indicating that bile compounds cause DNA damage.
A study by transmission electron microscopy of the tensile and fatigue deformation of aluminum-magnesium alloys

Abstract The formation of a cell structure in aluminum deformed in tension was found to be inhibited by the addition of small amounts of magnesium and completely suppressed in a 7 % magnesium alloy. In this material a high density of dislocations was observed to be present at failure. Suitably oriented segments of helical dislocations appear to glide and may act as dislocation sources during tensile deformation. When aluminum-magnesium alloys are fatigued, clusters of jogs and loops form similar to those reported in other f.c.c. metals. In an alloy below the solid solubility limit, the clusters develop into a sub-structure at high stresses; above the solid solubility limit a sub-structure is not observed. In this latter case, a stage of uniformly distributed loops and jogs is seen prior to cluster formation. The effect of the solute is to inhibit both cluster and sub-structure formation. It is believed that the effect of the solute in tensile and fatigue deformation is to interfere with cross-slip and the absorption of point defects at dislocation lines.
The Dashnaktsutiun and the Iranian constitutional revolution, 1905–1911

(1996). The Dashnaktsutiun and the Iranian constitutional revolution, 1905–1911. Iranian Studies: Vol. 29, No. 1-2, pp. 7-33.
Color vision variations in non-human primates

Abstract Variations in human color vision have been the object of inquiry for many years. Recent research shows there are also striking individual variations in color vision in some species of New World monkeys. This work further reveals the nature of the mechanisms underlying the color vision variations in these monkeys and the probable mode of their inheritance.
Dvl3 translocates IPMK to the cell membrane in response to Wnt

Wnt3a binds Frizzled-1 and the LRP5/6 co-receptors, ultimately activating Lef/Tcf-sensitive gene transcription in development. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase, IPMK, which possesses inositol phosphate kinase and lipid inositol kinase activities, is essential in Wnt3a regulation of its canonical pathway as well as physiologically in AMPK signaling. In the current report we show that translocation of IPMK to the cell membrane, where its substrates exist in high abundance, is obligate to its function in Wnt signaling. Translocation of IPMK to the cell membrane occurs within 5 min after Wnt3a stimulation. IPMK ducking onto Dishevelled-3 (Dvl3) requires a PDZ domain and the COOH-terminal prolyly-rich tail of Dvl3. Wnt3a-stimulates mobilization of Dvl3 to the cell membrane, translocating IPMK to the cell membrane also, to facilitate downstream signaling of Frizzled1. Deletion mutant of IPMK lacking the NH2-terminal variable region, IPMKΔN, fails to translocate to the cell membrane and to propagate canonical signaling. Targeting the IPMKΔN back to the cell membrane by addition of an isoprenylated CAAX box rescues its function in Wnt3a downstream signaling.
Best Evidence of Psychosocially Focused Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Symptom Management in Older Adults with Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint problem among older adults which causes severe pain and loss of physical function. Early diagnosis and proper management are important strategies in delaying disease exacerbation and maintaining physical mobility. The number of older adults suffering from joint diseases is increasing, and many of these individuals are using nonpharmacologic therapies (NPTs) to control pain. Because there is no cure for OA, interventions have aimed at controlling pain, improving joint function, and minimizing disability. This paper reviewed literature that examines the effects of psychosocially focused NPTs, including education, self-management, coping skills, and social support for pain control and function improvement in older adults with OA. This review demonstrates that NPTs do not have the side effects that pharmacologic therapies do, but more high-quality clinical trials with appropriate design and meta-analyses need to be conducted to more clearly identify the effects of such NPTs to control pain and improve physical function in older adults with OA. Because many NPTs are easy to learn and use without serious side effects, nurses can play a pivotal role in helping patients implement NPTs for maximal benefit.
Magnetic properties of Aucore-Coshell nanoparticles

Aucore-Coshell nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet-chemical method, and their magnetic properties were characterized. By comparing the blocking temperature of Aucore-Coshell nanoparticles to pure cobalt nanoparticles of the same size, it is proposed that cobalt spins in the shell are all aligned by exchange interaction to form single domain nano shells. At the same time, a demagnetizing field in the gold core develops and is aligned along the magnetization direction of the cobalt shell. A greatly enhanced coercivity of Aucore-Coshell nanoparticles at 10 K, compared to the pure cobalt sample, was observed. We propose that the enhanced coercivity of Aucore-Coshell nanoparticles is due to the pinning effect of cobalt spins at the Au/Co interface. The pinning mechanisms include strain pinning and demagnetizing field pinning.
Removal of normal anatomic structures in radiographs using wavelet-based nonlinear variational method for image matching

A wavelet-based image matching method was developed for removal of normal anatomic structures in chest radiographs for reduction of false positives reported by our computer- aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of lung nodules. In our approach, two regions of interest (ROIs) are extracted, one from the position where a candidate of a nodule is located, and the other from the position located at a point symmetric to the first position relative to the spine. The second ROI contains normal anatomic structures similar to those of the first ROI. A non-linear functional representing the squared differences between the two images is formulated, and is minimized by a coarse-to-fine approach to yield a planar mapping that matches the two similar images. A smoothing term is added to the non-linear functional, which penalizes discontinuous and irregular mappings. If no structure remains in the difference between these matched images, then the first ROI is identified to be a false detection (i.e., it contains only normal structures); otherwise, it is regarded as a nodule (i.e., it contains an abnormal structure). A preliminary result shows that our method is effective in removing normal anatomic structures and thus is useful for substantially reducing the number of false detections in our CAD scheme.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The competitive strategy of the New Zealand dairy board

The core strategy of the New Zealand Dairy Board (NZDB) would transform thc organization into a multinational food company. This strategy promises to work effectively if assumptions made by NZDB officials about the future environment are correct. Research and development represent a problem for the firm and New Zealand's dairy industry. The innovative NZDB also faces major uncertainties if stripped of statutory authority to serve as monopoly exporter of New Zealand's dairy products or large firms copy its core strategy. Early mover advantages gained by the NZDB make it a strong competitor in international markets.
College Students, Motivation, and Success

Many people spend a large portion of their lives striving to be successful, chasing success. But what is success? Success means different things to different people. How do we get to be successful? Why do some young adults choose to go to college? Does graduating from college offer a better opportunity for being successful? What motivates college students to go to class day after day, to complete hours of assigned work? What motivates us to be successful? This article reviews the parameters of motivation and what motivation means to different honors-level college students. Additionally, students are asked to determine why they make the choices they do. These topics were the focus in the motivational speech “Think – Understand - Succeed” utilizing the #1 National Bestseller Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell (2008) as a main reference point. Comparisons were made between real-life situations and those found in Outliers. Keywords: College Students, Success, Motivation, Culture, Family
Motor scores on the functional independence measure after pediatric spinal cord injury

Retrospective descriptive analysis. The purpose of this study was to report the functional ability of children with spinal cord injury (SCI) as recorded on motor items of the functional independence measure (FIM) and to examine the factors associated with FIM motor admission and post-discharge gain scores. Scores on FIM motor items were analyzed from 941 children (age range: 0–21 years; mean: 13 years 4 months; s.d.: 4 years 8 months) admitted in acute-to-chronic time periods post-SCI to Shriners Hospitals for Children (USA). FIM motor scores at admission and gains at discharge were examined along with neurological level, completeness of injury, age, etiology of injury, and length of time between injury and admission and admission and discharge. The FIM motor scores at admission were negatively correlated with age, neurological level and completeness of injury. Gain in FIM motor scores was significant across neurological levels, and was associated with lower admission FIM motor scores, lower neurological level, incomplete injury, traumatic injury and less time between injury and admission. The motor function of children after pediatric SCI depends on neurological level and completeness of injury, among other factors. FIM motor scores can improve with intervention even several years after the injury.
Surgery for Cardiac Valves and Aortic Root Without Cardioplegic Arrest (“Beating Heart”): Experience with a New Method of Myocardial Perfusion

Abstract Simultaneous antegrade/retrograde warm blood perfusion with a beating heart has not been previously reported as a mean of protecting hypertrophied hearts in cardiac valve and aortic root surgeries. Similarly, beating heart mitral valve surgery via the trans-septal approach with the aorta unclamped, is a novel technique. We, herein, report a series of 346 patients with a variety of cardiac pathologies who were operated upon utilizing a new modality of myocardial perfusion. Among this group of patients, there were 55 patients who were diagnosed with endocarditis of one or more valves. These patients were excluded from this series of patients. Mean age was 59 ± 12, and there were 196 (67.3%) males and 95 (32.7%) females. There were six aortic root procedures, 90 mitral valve replacements (MVR), 46 mitral valve repairs, 20 MVR+ coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 28 tricuspid valve repairs, 106 aortic valve replacements (AVR), 17 AVR+CABG, and 8 AVR/MVR. Crude mortality for the group was 20 of 291 (6.8%). Intra-aortic balloon pump utilization at time of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass was 6/291 (2.06%), and re-operation for bleeding was needed in 12 of 291 (4.1%) patients. Postoperative stroke occurred in 4 of 291 (1.3%) patients. In these patients, the clinical diagnosis of stroke was made prior to surgery. This initial experience with this new method of myocardial perfusion indicates that results are at least comparable, if not superior, to conventional techniques utilizing intermittent cold blood cardioplegia.
Short‐term oral toxicity of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene in mice, rats, and dogs

The short‐term oral toxicity of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (α‐TNT) was determined in dogs, rats, and mice. Single‐dose oral LD50s for α‐TNT in corn oil were 1320 and 794 mg/kg in male and female rats, respectively, and 660 mg/kg in both male and female mice. For multiple‐dose studies, dogs were dosed daily for up to 13 wk with α‐TNT at 0, 0.2, 2.0, or 20 mg/kg by capsule; rats received 0, 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.25% and mice received 0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.025, or 0.125% α‐TNT in their diets over the same period. All species receiving the highest doses exhibited anemia, with reduced erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Alterations were observed in organ weights, including enlarged spleens (accompanied by hemosiderosis) and livers, and depressed body weight and/or body weight gain (temporary in dogs and mice). Alterations in clinical chemistry values included elevated cholesterol and depressed serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase activity in dogs and rats; no effect on serum glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase ac...
Isolated fibromuscular dysplasia of the coronary ostium: a rare cause of sudden death. Case report and review of the literature

We present a unique case of sudden death in a 21-year-old man with history of cocaine use and a solitary fibromuscular dysplastic lesion completely occluding the left coronary artery ostium. We document intimal proliferation of myofibroblasts at the opening of the left coronary ostium without other concomitant lesions. This report discusses the gross and histologic features of the lesion, explores in careful detail the possible etiologies, and gives a comprehensive literature review of isolated coronary ostial fibromuscular dysplasia presenting with sudden death.
Individual copper band rubber base impressions for inlays and crowns

Four years of clinical experience with rubber base impression materials, plus two laboratory projects in which over 500 impressions were made, have convinced the author that rubber base impression materials compare favorably with reversible hydrocolloid in accuracy of cavity reproduction. Rubber base impression materials are not a substitute for reversible hydrocolloid in the office equipped and ready at all times to use the latter material. Rubber base impression materials may be better suited for the office where only a few individual crowns or inlays are made each week. A technic for single tooth, copper band impressions for individual crowns or inlays is described.
Production of Tritons, Deuterons, Nucleons, and Mesons by 30-GeV Protons on A1, Be, and Fe Targets

The momentum spectra of particles emerging at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to a 30-GeV proton beam impinging upon various targets were measured using time-of-flight techniques. Intensities of protons, antiprotons, $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons, $K$ mesons, deuterons, and tritons in the range 1 to 3 GeV/c are given. Particular attention is given to the tritons and deuterons emitted from the different targets. Possible mechanisms for their production are discussed.
Practical and scientific rationality: A difficulty for Levi's epistemology

Traditionally scientific rationality has been distinguished from mere practical rationality. It has seemed that it is sometimes rational to accept statements for the purposes of particular practical deliberations even though it would not be rational to count them as having been confirmed by science. Isaac Levi contends that this traditional view is mistaken. He thinks that there should be a single standard of acceptance for all purposes, scientific and practical. The author contends that Levi has given no good reason for identifying scientific with practical rationality. And he argues that Levi's own theory is inconsistent with the thesis that a scientist should use a single standard of acceptance in all his scientific deliberations.
Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on Ballistic Testing

The effects of atmospheric turbulence on munition target scatter are determined from numerical simulations of ballistic trajectories through many realizations of realistic simulated turbulent wind fields. A technique is evaluated for correcting for the effects of turbulence on ballistic testing procedures by using a line of sonic anemometer measurements taken along the trajectory path. The metric used to evaluate the correction is the difference between the target impact scatter produced with and without the use of the anemometers in the trajectory calculations. The improvement in the testing procedure as measured by this metric is determined as a function of the number of sonic anemometers in the line and the sonic averaging time interval. The performance of the simulations is also compared with data from a field test for a standard small-caliber munition, and the predicted and observed target scatter are in good qualitative agreement, supporting the feasibility of the approach.
Mortality and fertility rates in humans and chimpanzees: How within-species variation complicates cross-species comparisons.

A grandmother hypothesis may explain why humans evolved greater longevity while continuing to end female fertility at about the same age as do the other great apes. With that grandmother hypothesis in mind, we sought to compare age-specific mortality and fertility rates between humans and chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, and found two puzzles. First, we expected that lower adult mortality in humans would be associated with slower senescence, but the rate of chimpanzee demographic aging falls within the human range. Second, we expected declines in age-spe- cific fertility to be similar in the two species but instead of falling in the thirties as it does in women, fertility remains high into the forties in some chimpanzee populations. We report these puzzles using data from nine human populations and both wild and captive chimpanzees, and suggest that systematic differences in the heterogeneity of surviving adults may explain them. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:578-586, 2009. ' 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Photodesorption from CdS

Abstract Photodesorption was investigated by the mass spectrometric analysis of the ambient surrounding powdered samples of CdS. It was found that greater-than-bandgap illumination causes large and spontaneous desorption which is linearly proportional to the illumination intensity, whereas smaller-than-bandgap energies show little or no desorption. From the illumination wavelength and intensity dependence of desorption it can be concluded that neutralization of the negative surface charge by photoholes is the dominant photo-desorption mechanism in CdS.
Low cost and highly reliable hardened latch design for nanoscale CMOS technology

Abstract With technology node shrinking, the susceptibility of a single chip to soft errors increases. Hence, the critical charge (Qcrit) of circuit decreases and this decrease is expected to continue with further technology scaling. In this paper previous hardened latch circuits are analyzed and it is found that previous designs offer limited protection against soft error especially for soft error caused by high energy particles and not all the nodes are under soft error protection. Therefore, in this paper we propose a low cost hardened latch design in 45 nm CMOS technology with full protection for all internal nodes as well as output node against soft error. Moreover, the proposed hardened approach is technology independent. Compared to previous hardened latch designs, the proposed design reduces cost in terms of power delay product (PDP) 59% on average.
Ontario Pharmaceutical Opinion Program: Initial experience.

Pharmacy in Canada is facing many challenges but also many new opportunities. With the expanding scope of practice for pharmacists, remuneration is available for a variety of cognitive services.1 With an aging Canadian population taking increasing amounts of medication, there is great potential for side effects and/or drug interactions. To remedy this, the Ontario MedsCheck program2 was launched as a 20- to 30-minute one-on-one meeting with a community pharmacist to review the medication regimen and look for any drug-related problems or areas for optimization. Following a medication review, the pharmacist may receive remuneration for providing clinical recommendations through the Pharmaceutical Opinion Program.
Comparison of the conformation and dynamics of a polysaccharide and of its isolated heptasaccharide repeating unit on the basis of nuclear Overhauser effect, long-range C-C and C-H coupling constants, and NMR relaxation data.

A comparison of the conformation and dynamics of the cell wall polysaccharide of S. mitis J22 and the heptasaccharide repeating unit made from this polysaccharide was performed on the basis on nmr data. We have previously reported a model for this highly flexible polysaccharide in which four residues of the antigenic epitope adopt a defined conformation as do the two residues of the lectin-binding epitope. These domains are connected by a 6-substituted galactofuranoside residue that acts as a flexible hinge and the repeating subunits are joined by phosphodiester linkages that provide further flexibility. Homonuclear nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and long-range C-C and C-H scalar coupling constants measured in uniform (13)C-labeled samples of the polysaccharide and heptasaccharide were very similar, indicating a similar conformational average in solution. Significant differences in the solution dynamics were found from the heteronuclear relaxation data, T(1), T(1 rho), and NOE, which reflect the faster molecular tumbling of the heptasaccharide. Internal motions occurring on a picosecond time scale are relatively uniform along the polymer while dynamics on the time scale longer than a few nanoseconds is characteristic of hinge motion.
India's economic reforms: some lessons from East Asia

In this paper we suggest further steps that India needs to take in the process of her economic reforms. While the reform measures undertaken during 1991–96 have led to considerable deregulation and liberalization of the Indian economy, a lot still remains on India's unfinished reform agenda. The experience of East Asian countries along with that of China is taken into account in suggesting relevant lessons for the future course of India's economic reforms. Among other things, we highlight the need for much greater openness of the economy, deregulation of the private sector, exit policy, and reform of the labour and land laws. Besides, in our view, the government needs to focus its attention to, and provide larger resources for, primary health and primary education. The main quantitative conclusion is that India can expect per capita economic growth of a mere 3.5% per year under current policies, but could raise the overall per capita growth rate to as much as 7% per year under extensive market reforms tha...
Dielectric resonators for determination of materials electrophysical parameters

The method for determination of material permittivity and permeability and conductor impedance using cylindrical and spherical resonators is presented.
Gene interaction and the A‐0 and H blood‐group systems in pigs

Summary A total of 1533 blood samples from adult Duroc, Yorkshire, and Duroc-Yorkshire crossbred pigs were tested for A and O in the A-O system and for Ha in the H system. Results of these tests indicate that the H-system genotype influences expression of A and O.
Effect of extended exposure to hypertonicity on vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acid content in hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal explants.

The feasibility of using organ-cultured explants of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) to study the mechanisms regulating the vasopressin (VP) mRNA content of the HNS was examined by evaluating the effect of exposure to hypertonicity on the VP mRNA content of these explants. Different effects were observed after a step increase in osmolality and a gradual increase in the same amount over 24 h. The VP mRNA content of control HNS explants determined from a RNA protection assay was 22 ± 6 pg. It gradually decreased to 23% and 9% of the control value during 24 and 48 h in culture, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed a single band of VP mRNA approximately 700 bases long in explants cultured for 36 h. Explants exposed to the step increase in osmolality were maintained in static culture. The control explants were placed directly into isotonic medium (299 mosmol/ kg H2O). The explants exposed to the step increase were placed directly into hypertonic medium (>304 mosmol/kg H2O). After 24 h...
PROPERTIES OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES OF GRAVITY MODEL PARAMETERS

. We give a very simple formula for obtaining covariance matrices of gravity model parameter estimates. We investigate bias and robustness of parameter estimates, as well as the convergence of the procedure given in Sen (1986) for obtaining these estimates.
Mucosal melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, a contemporary experience from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare disease associated with a very poor prognosis. Because most of the series extend retrospectively several decades, we sought to determine prognostic factors and outcomes with recent treatment modalities. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 58 patients treated for sinonasal melanoma at a tertiary cancer center between 1993 and 2004. The patients were retrospectively staged according to the sinonasal American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Demographic, clinical and pathological parameters were identified and correlated with outcomes. RESULTS: There were 35 males and 23 females with a median age of 63 years; 56 patients were treated surgically and 33 received radiation therapy. According to Ballantyne's clinical staging system, 88% of the patients presented with stage I (local) disease. Classification by the AJCC staging classified yielded 27% of the patients with T1, 33% with T2, 21% with T3, and 19% with T4. T-stage and the degree of tumor pigmentation were associated with a worse survival (P = .0096 and P = .018, respectively), while pseudopapillary architecture was associated with a higher locoregional failure (P = .0144). Postoperative radiation therapy improved locoregional control when a total dose greater than 54 Gy was used (P = .0215), but did not affect overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor stage according to sinonasal AJCC staging system is an effective outcome predictor and should be the staging system of choice. Postoperative radiation therapy improves locoregional control when a higher dose and standard fractionations are used. Histological features such as pigmentation and pseudopapillary architecture are associated with worse outcome. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.