cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Variability in the Southern Hemisphere Atmosphere, Sea Ice, and Ocean Resulting from the Annular Mode*

Zonally symmetric fluctuations of the midlatitude westerly winds characterize the primary mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere during all seasons. This is true not only in observations but also in an unforced 15 000-yr integration of a coarse-resolution (R15) coupled ocean‐atmosphere model. Here it is documented how this mode of atmospheric variability, known as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), generates ocean circulation and sea ice variations in the model integration on interannual to centennial timescales that are tightly in phase with the SAM. The positive phase of the SAM is associated with an intensification of the surface westerlies over the circumpolar ocean (around 608S), and a weakening of the surface westerlies farther north. This induces Ekman drift to the north at all longitudes of the circumpolar ocean, and Ekman drift to the south at around 308S. Through mass continuity, the Ekman drift generates anomalous upwelling along the margins of the Antarctic continent, and downwelling around 458S. The anomalous flow diverging from the Antarctic continent also increases the vertical tilt of the isopycnals in the Southern Ocean, so that a more intense circumpolar current is also closely associated with positive SAM. In addition, the anomalous divergent flow advects sea ice farther north, resulting in an increase in sea ice coverage. Finally, positive SAM drives increases in poleward heat transport at about 308S, while decreases occur in the circumpolar region. Ocean and sea ice anomalies of the opposite sign occur when the SAM is negative. The ocean and sea ice fluctuations associated with the SAM constitute a significant fraction of simulated ocean variability poleward of 308S year-round. The robustness of the mechanisms relating the SAM to oceanic variability suggests that the SAM is likely an important source of large-scale variability in the real Southern Hemisphere ocean.
“Weak Links” of the Pediatric Skeleton: Common Foci for Disease and Trauma. Part 1: The Link Between Bone and Cartilage

In this article, we review recent updates in the radiologic imaging of injuries to the pediatric skeleton. In part 1, we focus on the link between cartilage and bone. Part 2 focuses on other areas of the developing skeleton that are susceptible to injury. Over the past 5 years, new and interesting research has helped us to better understand pediatric skeletal disease processes and how to image these “weak links.” These cartilage–bone interfaces are unique to the pediatric skeleton, and understanding of this anatomy is critical in the performance and interpretation of pediatric musculoskeletal imaging examinations.
The Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes of 24 November 1987

The 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes occurred on the conjugate northwest-striking right-lateral Superstition Hills fault and a previously unknown northeast-striking left-lateral structure defined by a lineation of hypocenters extending from the Superstition Hills fault to the Brawley seismic zone. Master event locations of the earthquakes using Caltech-USGS seismic network data reveal the following. The first main shock (33° 4.9′ N, 115° 47.7′, h = 10.6 km, M_S = 6.2, 0154 GMT), on the northeast striking structure and its foreshocks co-locate. Events on the northeast structure cluster in space and time, and some aftershocks occur in the Brawley seismic zone. The second main shock (33° 0.9′ N, 115° 50.9′ W, h = 1.9 km, M_S = 6.6, 1315 GMT), on the Superstition Hills fault, was 12 hr after the first main shock and initiated at shallow depth where the two trends join. Aftershocks of the second main shock lie in a northwest trend between the Superstition Hills and Superstition Mountain faults and have a sharply defined western edge. The extent of the northwest-trend aftershocks is not coincident with surface rupture on the Superstition Hills fault. In general, the earthquakes in the northeast trend are deep and the earthquakes in the northwest trend are shallow. We compare the earthquake distribution to the distribution of crystalline basement rocks defined from a refraction study of Fuis et al. (1982). The earthquake locations and extent of aftershock activity appear to be controlled by the presence of crystalline basement rocks.
Multidisciplinary management of pelvic floor disorders

Abstract Pelvic floor disorders are being diagnosed in women with increasing frequency. Disorders of the different compartments of the pelvic floor (anterior, middle, and posterior) often occur simultaneously. A multidisciplinary approach is often needed to pursue the proper workup and reach the optimal treatment regimen. Pelvic floor centers are emerging as a model in which to treat these complex patients. Lastly, we will highlight case examples of how a pelvic floor center can be beneficial to the workup and management of these patients.
Stewart-Glapat Corporation (E)

This is the sixth and final part of an undisguised six-case series in which the son of a company founder leaves academe to take control of the business. Issues of how to take control, dealing with the union, building trust and respect, and managing change and growth all come up in the series. The A case sets the scene, as Bill Stewart must decide how to address several problems: flat sales, international competition, labor turnover, market reputation, rising costs, and poor working conditions. Supplemental videos 4028 ("Stewart-Glapat Corporation") and 4029 ("Stewart-Glapat Corporation: The Ajustoveyer Presentation") are available for use with this series.Set in November 1986, this F case is a short epilogue that describes a layoff of the second shift that Bill Stewart hired and managed as well as financial results showing significant increases in almost every positive indicator. See also the first case in the series (UVA-OB-0348) and the B (UVA-OB-0349), C (UVA-OB-0350), D (UVA-OB-0351), and E (UVA-OB-0352) cases.
Asynchronous events: tools for distributed programming on concurrent object-based systems

Even though the remote procedure call (scRPC) model is widely used for sharing of state among distributed programs, existing scRPC implementations lack a complete realization of true "state sharing". For remote procedure calls to be as effective as the model provided by local procedure calls, state sharing must include any data that needs to be shared among the cooperating entities as well as the state of the computation. This dissertation investigates the issue of making a key computation state--asynchronous event notifications--visible across remote procedure calls. First the thesis examines how the choice of implementation platform (active object-based vs. passive object-based) affects the capabilities of the scRPC model. Next, the thesis describes why systems based on the passive object model provide a logical view that naturally suits the development of scRPC environments where facilities such as asynchronous event notifications work across address spaces. The design of a set of primitives suitable for event notifications in a distributed programming environments is derived and an implementation of the primitives is discussed. Finally, the power and flexibility of the primitives are illustrated by the construction of various tools such as exception handling mechanisms and other distributed administration tools.
On the Commons and the Common Law

Extralegal norms governing the use of common property resources break down when old users groups are confronted by new uses and users groups. In adjudicating such conflicts between old and new users, common law judges have rarely opted for the simple Coasean solution of simply awarding the right to one group or the other. Instead, they have attempted to balance on a case-by-case basis the value of the new use against the harm to the old. Here, I develop a positive theory of the effect of these two alternative common law approaches -- general assignment versus situation-specific balancing -- on the choice between bargaining for use rights versus legislative conflict over use. It is argued especially under an injunctive remedy, a general assignment of the right to one user group or the other greatly increases the marginal cost of productive activity for the enjoined group (since under an injunction, continued use may trigger large sanctions for contempt), thus lowering the opportunity cost of lobbying for legislative intervention to undo the common law assignment. Under situation-specific balancing, by contrast, high value users are likely to prevail in any event and so have much less incentive to invest in costly lobbying. When courts make general assignments, the theory predicts, they increase the relative benefits and lower the relative costs of legislative conflict between the parties; when courts make situation-specific decisions, they retain control and create an incentive for private bargaining. This theory is then applied in an informal way to explain the common law's influence on the famous late nineteenth century conflicts between hydraulic mining and farming in California's Sacramento Valley and anthracite coal mining and downstream riparian uses in Pennsylvania.
Mini-extracorporeal Circulation and Off-pump Techniques Associated with Less Inflammatory Gene Expression as Compared to On-Pump in the 24-hour Postoperative Window Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Mini-extracorporeal circulation units (MECC) were developed to reduce inflammation (SIRS) associated with on-pump coronary bypass surgery (ONCAB) without the increased technical demands of off-pump surgery (OPCAB).
Separate Relays of Tactile, Pressure, Thermal, and Gustatory Modalities in the Gat Thalamus.

SummaryAn analysis was made of response patterns of 60 neurons in the cat thalamus which were modified by stimulation of limited loci of the tongue with tactile, pressure, thermal, and taste stimuli. This analysis revealed the following. 1. Except for the activity elicited by tongue stimulation with ice water, responses of the neurons were modality specific. 2. Tactile stimuli activated certain thalamic neurons which were grouped in a separate cluster from those responding to pressure. Such an organization indicated the existence of separate sensory systems for touch and pressure. 3. Neurons were found which were activated by lowering of the tongue temperature within a particular range. They did not respond to ice water if the tongue was preceded to 22°C. 4. Taste is relayed in a particular nucleus of the cat thalamus. Anatomically this nucleus has been described in the human thalamus as the nucleus semilunaris accessorius. It is suggested that this term be adopted for designating a homologous nucleus in ...
AORTIC VALVE REPAIR/REPLACEMENT SHORTENS THE PROLONGED QT INTERVAL IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED LONG QT SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS

The prevalence of acquired long QT syndrome (ALQTS) is high in patients (pts) with aortic valve stenosis (AVS). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that aortic valve repair/replacement (AVR) could reverse the negative remodeling on ventricular repolarization due to AVS. A retrospective ECG
Conversion of an Ileal Conduit to a Continent Catheterizable Stoma

AbstractA technique is described by which a previously constructed ileal conduit is used as an efferent limb of a continent urinary reservoir. The ileal segment is tapered; 1 end is tunneled submucosally into a reconfigured colonic reservoir and the other end is brought to the skin as a catheterizable stoma. This modification of the Mitrofanoff principle provides a highly continent stoma that is easily catheterized, and allows for preservation of the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve within the gastrointestinal tract.
Serotonin produces both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] has a dual effect on bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture (S.-L. Lee, W. W. Wang, B. J. Moore, and B. L. Fanburg. Circ. Res. 68: 1362-1368, 1991.). Cellular internalization of 5-HT stimulates DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation, whereas the action of 5-HT on a cell surface receptor elevates adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and inhibits proliferation. The present study shows that 5-HT causes proliferation of both pulmonary artery and aortic SMC but not of endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Furthermore, c-myc and alpha- and beta-actin gene expressions of pulmonary artery SMC were elevated after 2-h incubation with 5-HT, before stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Actinomycin D (0.05 micrograms/ml) but not cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml) inhibited the gene expression produced by 5-HT. Growth-arrested SMC progressed from a G0 quiescent state through a normal cell cycle when subjected to 5-HT, 5-HT plus 25 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor, or 5-HT plus 0.5 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor. Cell number increased by 20-40% at 40 h and 50-140% at 7 days. Protein content of cells treated with 5-HT was elevated by 20-40% at 7 days, whereas the rate of protein synthesis, measured by [35S]methionine incorporation, increased by 50-70% at 24 h. In the presence of 1 microM 5-HT, cells enlarged by 70 and 100-200% at 40 h and 7 days, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parisitic Gap Constructions in Lebanese Arabic: Resumption as Pied-piping

Aoun, Choueri, and Hornstein (2001) analyze certain instances of resumption in Lebanese Arabic as movement plus stranding. A resumptive pronominal undergoes first merge with an antecedent. The antecedent moves, while the resumptive pronoun is stranded. This paper presents evidence from parasitic gap constructions in Lebanese Arabic to show that resumption involves pied-piping. That is, the resumptive pronoun moves along with the antecedent.
Direct Measurement of Correlation Responses in Drosophila Elementary Motion Detectors Reveals Fast Timescale Tuning

Summary Animals estimate visual motion by integrating light intensity information over time and space. The integration requires nonlinear processing, which makes motion estimation circuitry sensitive to specific spatiotemporal correlations that signify visual motion. Classical models of motion estimation weight these correlations to produce direction-selective signals. However, the correlational algorithms they describe have not been directly measured in elementary motion-detecting neurons (EMDs). Here, we employed stimuli to directly measure responses to pairwise correlations in Drosophila 's EMD neurons, T4 and T5. Activity in these neurons was required for behavioral responses to pairwise correlations and was predictive of those responses. The pattern of neural responses in the EMDs was inconsistent with one classical model of motion detection, and the timescale and selectivity of correlation responses constrained the temporal filtering properties in potential models. These results reveal how neural responses to pairwise correlations drive visual behavior in this canonical motion-detecting circuit.
Interaction of Metal Ions and Protons with Simple Biomolecules. Structure Information from Bond Energies and Entropy Effects

A modified version of the kinetic method that determines bond energies when entropy effects are not negligible is presented. The enthalpic and entropic data derived this way provide unique information on the structures of cationized biomolecules, as demonstrated for alkali ion adducts of nucleobases. The proton affinities of N- and C-terminal breakup products of protonated peptides are also evaluated by the kinetic method, in an effort to gain new insight on the decomposition mechanism of peptide ions.
Association of Serum Klotho with Loss of Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults.

Objectives Klotho deficiency has been previously linked to aging-like phenotypes such as osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, and sarcopenia. Low serum klotho was shown to be related to grip strength and disability. Nonetheless, no previous study has explored the association between serum klotho and fractures. The purpose of this report is to examine the relationship of serum klotho with bone mineral density (BMD) loss and fractures in older adults. Design The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a longitudinal cohort study of 3,075 community-dwelling older adults. Setting US clinical centers. Participants Two thousand seven hundred and seventy six well-functioning black and white adults aged 70 to 79 years with serum klotho measurements were followed up for a median of 5 years. Measurements Percent annualized BMD change and fracture risk were compared across klotho quartiles. A Poisson distribution was used to calculate age-adjusted fracture incidence rates, and Cox proportional hazards models for multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios. Results The annualized percent changes in hip, femoral neck, and vertebral BMD were similar across klotho quartiles. Participants experienced 507 nonspine fractures, 203 hip fractures, and 135 vertebral fractures. The Incidence rate (IR) of nonspine fractures was 17 per 1,000 person-years. The most frequent site was hip (IR = 6 per 1,000 person-years) and the IR of vertebral fractures was 3 per 1,000 person-years. There was no association between the lowest quartile of plasma klotho and nonspine (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86–1.65), hip (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.79–2.27), or vertebral fractures (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.65–2.11). Conclusion Although klotho gene is a susceptible gene for reduced BMD, klotho blood concentration does not appear to be a predictor of bone loss or fracture risk in well-functioning older adults.
Intra-individual genomic diversity between circulating tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor tissue testing in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

444Background: Multiple approved targeted therapies are available for treatment of mRCC. Though some clinical trials guide treatment selection, there are many gaps without high-level evidence. Both...
Defining Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness for Clinical Care, Research, and Policy

Chronically critically ill pediatric patients represent an emerging population in NICUs and PICUs. Chronic critical illness has been recognized and defined in the adult population, but the same attention has not been systematically applied to pediatrics. This article reviews what is currently known about pediatric chronic critical illness, highlighting the unique aspects of chronic critical illness in infants and children, including specific considerations of prognosis, outcomes, and decision-making. We propose a definition that incorporates NICU versus PICU stays, recurrent ICU admissions, dependence on life-sustaining technology, multiorgan dysfunction, underlying medical complexity, and the developmental implications of congenital versus acquired conditions. We propose a research agenda, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and targeting areas of improvement in clinical care, research, and policy.
The Lumbar Neural Foramen and Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections: An Anatomic Review With Key Safety Considerations in Planning the Percutaneous Approach.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy of the lumbar neural foramen and to describe techniques of transforaminal epidural steroid injections with emphasis on safety. Rare cases of paraplegia have been reported. CONCLUSION. Although no consensus currently exists about which approach is the safest, knowledge of the foraminal anatomy is a key consideration when choosing a needle approach for transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
Strategies to Maintain Fertility in Young Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women of reproductive age. Treatments for breast cancer may eliminate or diminish fertility, making discussions about fertility preservation essential prior to initiation of gonadotoxic therapies. Additionally, even in patients who do not require chemotherapy, the use of adjuvant endocrine therapy will often push patients out of the reproductive window before treatment is completed. The only established methods for fertility preservation are oocyte or embryo cryopreservation, but experimental methods, such as ovarian suppression with GnRH agonists and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, show great promise. Early referral to a fertility specialist for interested patients affords patients the most fertility preservation options, with only minimal delay to cancer treatment.
Robust variational segmentation of 3D bone CT data with thin cartilage interfaces

We present a two-stage variational approach for segmenting 3D bone CT data that performs robustly with respect to thin cartilage interfaces. In the first stage, we minimize a flux-augmented Chan-Vese model that accurately segments well-separated regions. In the second stage, we apply a new phase-field fracture inspired model that reliably eliminates spurious bridges across thin cartilage interfaces, resulting in an accurate segmentation topology, from which each bone object can be identified. Its mathematical formulation is based on the phase-field approach to variational fracture, which naturally blends with the variational approach to segmentation. We successfully test and validate our methodology for the segmentation of 3D femur and vertebra bones, which feature thin cartilage regions in the hip joint, the intervertebral disks, and synovial joints of the spinous processes. The major strength of the new methodology is its potential for full automation and seamless integration with downstream predictive bone simulation in a common finite element framework.
Information literacy in an undergraduate nursing curriculum: Development, implementation and evaluation

With the increasing complexity of nursing practice and health care delivery, developing information literacy in students for lifelong learning is a vital element of nursing education. The San Francisco State University School of Nursing has developed, implemented, and evaluated an integrated program of information literacy in its undergraduate curriculum. The curriculum strand includes a variety of instructional strategies woven through all semesters of the nursing program. To evaluate the information literacy program, an exploratory descriptive approach was taken using two different cohorts of students. Baseline testing prior to implementation of the information literacy program and posttesting after implementation of the program revealed selected positive occurrences in students' use of bibliographic databases and journal literature. However, students did not perceive they were more successful in accessing information, and faculty assessment of students' ability to evaluate information did not change from 1992 to 1996. These and other evaluation findings have implications for the development of an information literacy curriculum and its integration with other facets of student learning.
The Contractile and Neurohormonal Roles of Phospholamban in Heart Failure

Heart failure is a down-spiraling syndrome of neurohormonal imbalance and hemodynamic instability, in which impaired cardiac function has been linked to perturbations in subcellular calcium handling. Phospholamban (PLB) is a phosphoprotein that inhibits cardiac muscle relaxation by lowering the apparent affinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) for Ca2+. Major determinants of phospholamban s regulatory activity are the relative PLB/SERCA2 ratio and phospholamban’s phosphorylation status, both of which are altered in failing human hearts. PLB impairs myocardial calcium handling and observed perturbations of PLB levels and/or activity in human heart failure may contribute to depressed contractility. Therapeutic implications for PLB are intriguing, as PLB’s activity and levels are significantly influenced by specific neurohormonal systems.
Scheduling-driven Motion Coordination of Autonomous Vehicles at a Multi-Lane Traffic Intersection

This paper addresses the motion coordination problem of autonomous vehicles that approach an intersection of a traffic network. The proposed approach assumes that there is a bi-directional communication link between incoming vehicles and the Intersection Controller (IC). Once the autonomous vehicles reach the communication range, the IC schedules their arrival time based on a first-come-first-serve rule and the availability of the intersection region. The appointed arrival time minimizes the delay time and ensures safety within the vehicle's motion constraints. Based on the appointed arrival time, the IC regulates the linear velocity of the vehicles in the intersection control region. The constrained optimization problem is solved by employing the metaheuristic method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enhanced with an adaptive penalty function. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach by comparison with a traditional signalized intersection.
Measurement of neutron and gamma-ray cross-correlation functions with 4He detectors

Abstract For the first time, the neutron and gamma-ray time-dependent cross-correlation distributions from spontaneous fission and ( α , n) neutron sources are measured with the 4 He fast neutron detectors. The pulse shape discrimination technique based on charge comparison is utilized to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-rays in the identification of the four possible correlated pairs: ( γ , γ ), (n, n), ( γ , n), and (n, n). Both total and individual cross-correlation functions are obtained, and their shapes can be easily distinguished among different neutron sources. The (n, n) and ( γ , n) correlations are selectively analyzed and the peak position of the (n, n) and ( γ , n) pairs shows a linear correlation with source–detector distance. The measurements illustrate the feasibility of using 4He detectors to identify nuclear materials and their geometrical configurations, as well as other applications in nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards. In particular, the (n, n) correlated data can be very clearly assayed even in presence of significant gamma fields without the use of shielding.
The Plant Microbiome and Native Plant Restoration: The Example of Native Mycorrhizal Fungi

Ecological restoration efforts can increase the diversity and function of degraded areas. However, current restoration practices cannot typically reestablish the full diversity and species composition of remnant plant communities. We present evidence that restoration quality can be improved by reintroducing key organisms from the native plant microbiome. In particular, root symbionts called arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are crucial in shaping grassland communities, but are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, which may pose a problem for grassland restoration. In the present article, we highlight the conceptual motivation and empirical evidence evaluating native mycorrhizal fungi, as opposed to commercial fungi. Reintroduction of the native microbiome and native mycorrhizal fungi improves plant diversity, accelerates succession, and increases the establishment of plants that are often missing from restored communities. The example of mycorrhizal fungi serves to illustrate the value of a more holistic view of plant communities and restoration that embraces the intricacies and dynamics of native microbial communities.
The Role of Motivation in Cognitive Remediation for People with Schizophrenia

Motivation impairment is an often prominent component of schizophrenia symptomatology that impacts treatment engagement and reduces the functional benefit from psychosocial interventions. Intrinsic motivation in particular has been shown to be impaired in schizophrenia. Nowhere is the role of intrinsic motivation impairment more evident than in cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. This chapter describes the theoretical determinants of motivation to learn and illustrates how those determinants have been translated into therapeutic techniques that enhance intrinsic motivation in a clinical context. We review the extant research that indicates how motivation enhancing techniques yield treatment-related improvements within cognitive remediation therapy and, more broadly, in other behavioral skills-based interventions for schizophrenia.
Performance, body composition and carcass characteristics of finishing steers as influenced by previous forage systems.

To evaluate effects of previous forage systems on feedlot performance, yearling Hereford steers (average initial weight of 249 kg) were grazed on tall fescue (TF), smooth bromegrass-red clover (BG-RC) or orchardgrass-red clover (OG-RC) pastures before finishing. Serial slaughter was utilized during the first 2 yr of this study to determine changes in carcass characteristics throughout finishing, while steers were slaughtered at approximately 29% body fat during the third year. Steers grazing TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights and maintained lighter weights throughout finishing (P less than .05) even though dry matter intakes and feed conversions were similar (P greater than .05) among treatments. Steers that previously grazed TF had less (P less than .05) body fat, body protein, fat thickness and marbling, smaller (P less than .05) ribeye areas and lower (P less than .05) USDA yield and quality grades than than those that grazed BG-RC and OG-RC. However, linear contrasts indicated that steers grazing TF were compensating in ribeye area, marbling and quality grade as days in feedlot increased. This was confirmed in the third-year study, since carcass characteristics were similar among all steers. During the third year, linear and quadratic contrasts indicated that steers that grazed TF partially compensated in body protein. As days in feedlot increased, live and hot carcass weights, body fat, fat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, marbling, and USDA yield and quality grades increased (P less than .05), while ribeye area and body protein plateaued. Although carcass characteristics were similar among treatments, steers backgrounded on TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights, and partially compensated in weight after 134 d of finishing.
Comparing Tensor Renormalization Group and Monte Carlo calculations for spin and gauge models

We show that the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) method can be applied to O(N) spin models, principal chiral models and pure gauge theories (Z2, U(1) and SU(2)) on (hyper) cubic lattices. We explain that contrarily to some common belief, it is very difficult to write compact formulas expressing the blockspinning of lattice models. We show that in contrast to other approaches, the TRG formulation allows us to write exact blocking formulas with numerically controllable truncations. The basic reason is that the TRG blocking separates neatly the degrees of freedom inside the block and which are integrated over, from those kept to communicate with the neighboring blocks. We argue that the TRG is a method that can handle large volumes, which is crucial to approach quasi-conformal systems. The method can also get rid of some sign problems. We discuss recent results regarding the critical properties of the 2D O(2) nonlinear sigma model with complex b and chemical potential. As some of these results appeared in a recently published paper (PRD 88, 056005) and two recent preprints (arXiv:1309.4963 and arXiv:1309.6623), these proceedings rather emphasize the conceptual aspects of our ongoing effort.
Coxiella burnetii infection of the spine requiring neurosurgical intervention.

Background Infections from Coxiella burnetii, resulting in what is known as Q fever, are relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. Very few reports of spinal infection from C. burnetii have been reported rarely have these cases required surgical intervention. Case description We report a patient with the previous vascular surgery and Q fever spinal osteomyelitis. Previously reported cases with spinal involvement have described initial infection of vascular grafts in proximity to the spine. Literature on spinal infection from C. burnetii reports only one case that required surgical intervention of the spine. We report a patient with L5-S1 diskitis who required surgical intervention and subsequent percutaneous drainage. Conclusion Spinal infections from C. burnetii are rare; however, in the setting of a patient with osteodiscitis with negative cultures as well as a history of significant vascular disease with stents, the diagnosis of Q fever should be entertained. Operative and interventional procedures should also be considered in these patients to help alleviate pain and maintain neurologic function.
Endovascular Management of Cervical Vascular Trauma

Traumatic vascular injuries involving the carotid and vertebral arteries can be some of the most difficult injuries to diagnose and treat. Blunt injuries frequently result in asymptomatic periods with little to no evidence of vascular injury, and if left untreated can result in significant morbidity and mortality due to embolic strokes. Morbidity and mortality from penetrating cervical vascular injuries, on the other hand, are more commonly due to ischemic stroke and exsanguination. Operative management has traditionally been open repair; however, these exposures can be morbid to the patient and technically challenging for the surgeon. Over recent years there has been an increasing use of endovascular techniques to manage both blunt and penetrating cervical vascular injuries. In this chapter we will discuss blunt cerebrovascular injuries and the growing body of data regarding endovascular treatment options. This will be followed by a discussion about the equally challenging topic of penetrating cervical vascular injuries and their management.
Anisotropic domains and antiferrodistortive-transition controlled magnetization in epitaxial manganite films on vicinal SrTiO3 substrates

We studied the microstructural evolution and magnetism of ferroelastic La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial thin films grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with different miscut angles. The substrate miscut angle plays a critical role in controlling the in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The microscopic origin of such magnetic anisotropy is attributed to the formation of anisotropic stripe domains along the surface step terraces. The magnetization in the LSMO films was found to be selectively modulated by the antiferrodistortive phase transition of the SrTiO3 substrate. This phenomenon has been qualitatively explained by a strain modified Stoner–Wohlfarth model. We conclude that the magnetization modulation by the SrTiO3 phase transition depends on h, the ratio of applied magnetic field to the saturation field. Such modulation is only visible with h < 1. The established domain microstructure–anisotropy–magnetism correlation in manganite films can be applied to a variety of complex oxide thin films on vicinal substrates.
Benchmarking Deep Graph Generative Models for Optimizing New Drug Molecules for COVID-19

Design of new drug compounds with target properties is a key area of research in generative modeling. We present a small drug molecule design pipeline based on graph-generative models and a comparison study of two state-of-the-art graph generative models for designing COVID-19 targeted drug candidates: 1) a variational autoencoder-based approach (VAE) that uses prior knowledge of molecules that have been shown to be effective for earlier coronavirus treatments and 2) a deep Q-learning method (DQN) that generates optimized molecules without any proximity constraints. We evaluate the novelty of the automated molecule generation approaches by validating the candidate molecules with drug-protein binding affinity models. The VAE method produced two novel molecules with similar structures to the antiretroviral protease inhibitor Indinavir that show potential binding affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 protein target 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL-protease).
Searching for Salvageable Ideas in FICALA

The proposed Fairness in Class Action Litigation Act of 2017 (FICALA) represents the most aggressive attempt in recent memory to dismantle the apparatus of mass litigation through procedural reform. When viewed as a whole, it is difficult to see the package as anything other than a defendant-driven effort to reduce liability by making it difficult for plaintiffs to aggregate claims, difficult for plaintiffs’ lawyers to make money, and expensive for plaintiffs to pursue claims to adjudication. Hidden among FICALA’s bad ideas, however, are a few good ones, and they represent promising opportunities for improving the litigation process. This article, part of a symposium on Civil Litigation Reform in the Trump Era, breaks down the bill’s proposals and considers each idea on its own terms. The bill contains several pieces that, if tweaked, could offer attractive starting points for procedural reform: provisions that align class counsel fees with value for class members, provisions that improve data collection concerning class action settlements, and a provision to work around the complete diversity requirement for federal jurisdiction in mass disputes.
Non-pulmonary Artery Thrombus

This chapter covers acute and chronic thrombus of the veins of lungs, aorta, heart, extremity veins and the abdominal and pelvic organs depicted by CT and ultrasound. Changes in liver by chronic thrombus is shown in detail. The aortic thrombus with partial and complete occlusion with the collateral flow is shown.
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE SKIN IN THE HAMSTER SIMULATING HUMAN IMPETIGO II. ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS

The efficacy of various therapeutic regimens for the treatment of impetigo was assessed in an experimental animal model. The topical application of gentamicin or bacitracin and removal of scabs were ineffectual. PHisoHex scrubbing delayed healing significantly and resulted in the development of satellite lesions. Healing was significantly promoted by the administration of penicillin, the benzathine variety being more effective than procaine penicillin. Benzathine penicillin was similarly effective in pure streptococcal lesions and in mixed lesions containing penicillin-sensitive or penicillin-resistant staphylococci in addition to streptococci. The development of skin lesions was markedly reduced following prophylactic administration of benzathine penicillin.
The Rx-to-OTC switch of Claritin, Allegra, and Zyrtec: an unprecedented FDA response to petitioners and the protection of public health.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1000 I. The Manufacturers of Claritin, Allegra, and Zyretec and the Allergy Prescription Drug Market 1007 II. The Statutory and Regulatory Authority of the FDA 1011 A. Distinction between OTC and Rx Drugs 1011 1. OTC drugs 1011 2. Prescription drugs 1014 B. FDA Procedure to Switch Drugs from Rx to OTC 1015 III. Wellpoint’s Safety and Economic Arguments in Support of the Petition and the Drug Manufacturers’ Arguments in Opposition to the Petition 1018 A. Wellpoint Argues that the Drugs’ Safety Demands an Rx-to-OTC Switch 1019 B. Manufacturers of Claritin, Allegra, and Zyrtec Argue that More Safety Data Must be Collected and the Drugs Require Continued Physician Supervision 1021 IV. The Question of Wellpoint’s Right to Petition the FDA .......1025 V. The FDA Can Respond to the Wellpoint Petition in Three Ways, But Should Not Take Action 1030 A. The FDA Can Approve Wellpoint’s Petition and Make the Switch 1033
A Dupuit model of groundwater-surface water interaction

We consider two-dimensional groundwater flow in the vertical plane to a stream in direct contact with the top of a confined aquifer. By comparison of the exact solution with a Dupuit solution to the same problem, we find that global errors in head and discharge in the Dupuit model can be avoided by treating the fictitious resistance of the stream bed as an effective parameter and introducing a new parameter into the model. Although the choice of the new parameter is arbitrary, we choose to model the portion of the aquifer beneath the stream as an inhomogeneity, thus introducing a second hydraulic conductivity into the Dupuit model. This approach fits well into common AEM modeling practices. We evaluate dimensionless values of the effective parameters such that there are no global errors in head or discharge in the Dupuit model. We demonstrate that the values of the effective parameters are weakly dependent on the geometric parameter D/H , the ratio of the length of the stream bed and the thickness of the aquifer, and independent of the flow parameter Q l /Q r , the ratio, of the left and right model discharges. These properties of the effective parameters provide some evidence that the effective values presented here may be applied, at least approximately, to more general groundwater flow problems; the results provide guidance for simulating groundwater-surface water interaction with Dupuit models.
Nutrient media for plant-parasitic nematodes: VI. Nucleic acids content and nucleotide synthesis in Aphelenchoides rutgersi

Abstract The nucleic acids content of Aphelenchoides rutgersi, Hooper and Myers, was 0.9% DNA and 2.6% RNA dry weight. The DNA contained 29.5% adenine, 29.3% thymine, 22.5% guanine, and 18.8% cytosine, while the RNA was composed of 22.8% adenine, 23.0% uracil, 31.4% guanine, and 22.9% cytosine on a molar basis. The nematodes needed folic acid for reproduction regardless of the presence or absence of nucleic acid supplements in the culture medium. This was shown by including aminopterin, a folic acid antagonist in the culture medium. A 2-hr incubation of nematodes with glycine-14C (U) and orotic-5-3H acid resulted in the incorporation of 3H-label into both DNA and RNA. Only the RNA fraction contained a significant amount of 14C-label. When this RNA was fractionated, the adenine and guanine accounted for the 14C-label, while cytidylic and uridylic acids contained the 3H-label, thereby demonstrating purine and pyrimidine synthesis by A. rutgersi. The incorporation of orotic acid into the pyrimidines was 8 times higher than that of glycine into purines.
Learning partially observable action models: efficient algorithms

We present tractable, exact algorithms for learning actions’ effects and preconditions in partially observable domains. Our algorithms maintain a propositional logical representation of the set of possible action models after each observation and action execution. The algorithms perform exact learning of preconditions and effects in any deterministic action domain. This includes STRIPS actions and actions with conditional effects. In contrast, previous algorithms rely on approximations to achieve tractability, and do not supply approximation guarantees. Our algorithms take time and space that are polynomial in the number of domain features, and can maintain a representation that stays compact indefinitely. Our experimental results show that we can learn efficiently and practically in domains that contain over 1000’s of features (more than 2 states).
Phase I evaluation and clinical pharmacology of tricyclic nucleoside 5'-phosphate using a weekly intravenous regimen.

Tricyclic nucleoside phosphate (TCN-P) was selected for clinical trials because of its unusual chemical structure and activity against L1210 murine leukemia and MX-1 mammary xenograft. Inhibiting DNA synthesis, TCN-P was more toxic during S-phase of cell cycle. A phase I study was conducted in 24 patients with advanced solid cancers. The drug was given as a slow i.v. injection over 5 min on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 42-day cycle with a 2-week rest. Five dose levels ranging from 12 to 96 mg/m2 were studied with 3 to 12 patients treated at each level; a total of 106 doses was administered. The major hematological toxicity was thrombocytopenia, with a median nadir occurring at Day 34 of the cycle and first appearing at doses greater than 24 mg/m2. Anemia was seen at each dose level occurring between Days 8 and 34. Non-myelosuppressive toxic effects included stomatitis, anorexia, transient fever, nausea and vomiting, and dose-limiting hyperglycemia and diarrhea. The highest tolerated dose was 48 mg/m2. Plasma, pleural fluid, urine, and tissue samples were analyzed for TCN-P and tricyclic nucleoside (TCN) in selected patients by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma decay curves revealed extended retention of both TCN and TCN-P. Autopsy specimens obtained 61 days after therapy showed the highest residues of TCN-P in liver metastases and of TCN in gall bladder, bile, and pancreas. No drug was detected in urine samples of two patients. Prolonged retention and erratic plasma levels of the drug are probably due to extensive enterohepatic circulation, as well as repeated interconversion between TCN-P and TCN within cells. This weekly schedule produced unexpected clinical toxicity and should not be pursued.
The Missing Memristor: Novel Nanotechnology or rather new Case Study for the Philosophy and Sociology of Science?

In 2008, it was widely announced that the missing memristor, a basic two-terminal electrical circuit element, had finally been discovered. The memristor is the fourth and last such circuit element and thus completes circuit theory. Predicted already in 1971, the eventual discovery of something seemingly so basic needed almost 40 years. However, this discovery is doubted. The predicted memristor has no material memory and is based on magnetic flux, but the discovered devices constitute analogue memory storage that do not involve magnetism. The person who originally proposed the memristor did not reject the discovery but instead changed his mind about what a memristor is. We briefly introduce the history and then carefully memristance and the memristor as such. We discuss its status as a model rather than a device. We discuss the discovered devices, their stability, and how stability relates to the consistency of the theoretical entities. A thought experiment assumes a world without magnetism. Inductors cannot exist there, but memory resistors could still be constructed. On the same grounds as the memristor was historically predicted, an "inductor" could then be predicted. Likely, somebody would also 'discover' one. A tentative sociological analysis compares to the flawed detection of gravitational waves but comes to very different conclusions.
Meson induced reactions in the three- and two-nucleon systems

The title implies a smorgasbord of 30 different reactions arranged in Table 1 in four categories. We shall concentrate on reactions involving the three-nucleon systems; hence the above title. There are interesting new data in category one, especially on pion elastic scattering and charge exchange on the H3−He3 isospin doublet. It provides an interesting test of the applicability of charge symmetry and charge independence. We shall also find out how well various sophisticated pion-nucleon interaction models fare, and discuss the viability of a proposed investigation(1) of the magnetic form factors of H3 and He3.
Field Sampling: Principles and Practices in Environmental Analysis

Field sampling : principles and practices in environmental analysis , Field sampling : principles and practices in environmental analysis , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Toward a wireless optical communication link between two small unmanned aerial vehicles

A communication system between two autonomous micro air vehicles is proposed. Laser communication offers advantages in range, power, and bandwidth when line of sight is available. Beamsteering is accomplished using gyro-stabilized MEMS micromirrors. A custom CMOS smart-pixel imager implements a 1 Mbps receiver, including analog front-end and variable-gain amplifier at each pixel. Algorithms are presented for initial link establishment and maintenance.