cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Intravenous Anaesthetics in Older Patients

There is a continuously growing population of older surgical patients who require an increasing number of anaesthetics and sedation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with increasing age are often not appreciated enough. Dose requirements for midazolam, a benzodiazepine commonly used for outpatient procedures, have been demonstrated in prospective studies to decrease with increasing age. On the other hand, rigorous prospective studies investigating the effect of age on the induction doses of other intravenous anaesthetics, such as thiopental sodium or propofol, are missing. In addition, many of those patients take multiple drugs for medical problems often not related to the procedure. Drug interactions with anaesthetics are likely to occur, but are not well documented. In this review we have summarised the documented and clinically relevant drug interactions with anaesthetics in the elderly population. We have identified a significant lack of scientific and outcome data and the need for more studies and education.
The Effects of Practice Administrations in Learning to Administer and Score the WAIS-R: A Partial Replication:

In this study, 149 WAIS-R protocols were analyzed that were completed by 22 graduate students enrolled in an individual intelligence testing course to ascertain the effectiveness of practice administrations in developing examiner competency. Students made numerous errors, such as assigning too few or too many points to responses and obtaining incorrect basals or ceilings. No improvement was noted over five practice administrations. Errors were reduced over 10 administrations, but students were still making 10.2 errors per protocol. Findings indicate that the standard practice of having students complete only four practice administrations of the WAIS-R does not reduce the number of examiner errors students make. Even completing as many as 10 practice administrations does not develop adequate examiner proficiency. Therefore, current methods for teaching assessment courses need to be modified in order to minimize examiner errors. Until such modifications are made, in-service training and careful interpretati...
Magnetotactic bacteria and single-domain magnetite in hemipelagic sediments

Remanent magnetism in marine sediments has been used extensively over the past twenty years to calibrate the geological time-scale, study geomagnetic reversals and secular variation, and measure the rates of seafloor spreading. Although these sediments may contain different magnetic minerals, magnetite is the most commonly observed and magnetically stable phase, and its size, shape and post-depositional fate affect the magnetic remanence of the sediments. Biogenic magnetites are single-domain, with a high natural magnetic remanence (NRM), and have been suggested as a significant source of magnetic remanence in marine sediments. We have studied surface sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin and report the occurrence of living magnetotactic bacteria and the deposition of biogenic ultra-fine-grained, single-domain magnetite. Using a novel extraction technique, transmission electron microscopy and SQUID magnetometry, we show that these bacteria and the magnetite they produce are the major source of stable remanent magnetism in these sediments.
Medicare, the Internet, and the future of telemedicine.

Objectives Beginning October 1, 2001, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) will extend Medicare coverage to a wide range of telemedicine services and providers, allowing for medical visits, consultations, mental health services, and pharmacologic monitoring of patients living in rural areas. Payment to providers will be at a rate similar to that paid without the use of telemedicine. Furthermore, Medicare will pay a facility fee of $20 to the originating site per telemedicine session. This article discusses how advances in computer connectivity and communication infrastructure, coupled with Medicare reimbursement for telemedicine services, present medical providers with a unique opportunity to improve healthcare delivery to their patients, in particular those living in rural counties in the United States. Data sources Peer-reviewed articles published in the literature and industry-specific surveys published on the Internet. Conclusions There is little doubt that recent changes in HCFA reimbursement for telemedicine will have a dramatic impact on the delivery of medical care to rural America. By correcting the mistakes of the 1997 Balanced Budget Act provisions, Congress has acknowledged telemedicine as a viable, potentially life-saving technology. The most likely scenario for the expansion of telemedicine services to rural counties will be through networks using Internet technology. The expansion of the Internet and broadband infrastructure should allow for the establishment of geographically wide and technically robust telemedicine networks, with a minimum of expense.
Astrophysical sources of high energy neutrinos

Abstract The observations of VHE and UHE γ-ray signals from compact astrophysical sources have suggested that cosmic rays are accelerated at these objects. Corresponding neutrino fluxes ought to be produced too. The paper discusses the neutrino production in astrophysical plasma and estimates the magnitude of the expected neutrino signals. Two types of possible compact sources: X-ray binary systems and young supernova remnants are discussed in specific models. A special attention is paid to the absorption of the γ-ray signals both at the sources and during the propagation in the interstellar medium.
In vivo assessment of vascular pathology resulting from laser irradiation. Analysis of 23 patients studied by directional atherectomy immediately after laser angioplasty.

BACKGROUND The pathological consequences of cardiovascular laser irradiation have been studied extensively in vitro. Previous in vivo studies of laser-induced injury have included analyses of acute and/or chronic findings in experimental animals. Little information, however, is available regarding the acute effects of laser irradiation of human vascular tissues in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the acute pathology resulting from laser irradiation of human vascular tissue in vivo, specimens retrieved from 23 patients by directional atherectomy immediately after laser angioplasty (19 peripheral and four coronary) were examined by light microscopy. Of the 23 patients, three (13.0%) were treated with a metal-capped ("hot-tip") fiber coupled to a continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser using up to 18 W power and 18-305 seconds of cumulative exposure time; in all three patients (100%), thermal injury, including frank charring several cell layers thick, was seen along the luminal borders of the atherectomy specimen. In eight of the 23 patients (34.5%), laser angioplasty was performed using a 250-microseconds holmium:YAG laser at fluences up to 2,300 mJ/mm2, a repetition rate of 5 Hz, and 25-200 seconds of cumulative exposure; in seven of eight patients (85.5%), the atherectomy specimen showed signs of vacuolar injury consisting of central and satellite Alcian-blue-negative vacuoles. In two patients (25.0%), there was a "smudged" or "shredded" edge, whereas in one patient, frank signs of thermal injury were observed. Finally, in 12 of the 23 patients (52.2%), laser angioplasty was performed using a 120-nsec excimer laser at fluences up to 60 mJ/mm2, a repetition rate of 25 Hz, and a cumulative exposure time of 21-315 seconds. Pathological findings among these 12 patients were limited to nine patients (75%) in whom a weakly basophilic, smudged, and/or shredded appearance approximately one cell layer thick was observed along the luminal border of the atherectomy specimen and two patients (16.7%) with small foci of vacuolar injury. None of the atherectomy specimens retrieved after excimer laser angioplasty disclosed signs of thermal injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings document that acute pathological alterations resulting from in vivo laser angioplasty are variable, depending on the laser source used, and are similar to that predicted by experimental studies performed previously in vitro. The prognostic implications of these varying pathological features remain to be clarified.
The Implications of Linking the Dynamic Performance and Turnover Literatures

This article examines how the literatures of dynamic performance and the performance-turnover relationship inform each other. The nonrandom performance turnover relationship suggests that dynamic performance studies may be biased by their elimination of participants who do not remain for the entire study period. The authors demonstrated that the performance slopes of those who leave an organization differ from the performance slopes of those who remain. This finding suggests that studies of the performance-turnover relationship need to consider employee performance trends when predicting turnover. Replicating and extending the research of D. A. Harrison, M. Virick, and S. William (1996), the authors found that performance changes from the previous month and performance trends measured over a longer time period explained variance in voluntary turnover beyond current performance. Finally, the authors showed that performance trends interacted with current performance in the prediction of voluntary turnover.
Evaluation of platelet function in aspirin treated patients with CAD.

Background: Studies of platelet function in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have revealed both increased and unchanged platelet activation. To obtain a better understanding of platelet function in coronary artery disease in the setting of aspirin therapy, we performed platelet functional testing in patients with ACS and compared results to patients without CAD. Methods: We measured platelet aggregation and activation in response to ADP and epinephrine in 80 age and gender matched hospitalized patients (40 with ACS, 40 with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP)). All subjects received ASA (81–325 mg). Platelet aggregation was performed using standard light transmission in platelet-rich plasma and activation was measured via flow cytometric analyses. We also studied platelet function under high shear rates measured by the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100). Results: ASA effect was found to be present in all subjects by blunted platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid. Patients with ACS showed significantly higher levels of platelet aggregation to epinephrine compared to patients with NCCP (p = 0.001). Other measures of platelet function including ADP aggregation, Pselectin, activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression, and PFA-100 were unchanged between the two groups. Conclusions: We have found conflicting results of platelet functional testing in ACS. Specifically aspirin therapy in patients with ACS is effective in suppressing the platelet release response and is effective in the partial suppression of platelet aggregation; however, it appears that ACS patients have increased platelet aggregation to adrenergic stimuli when compared to age and gender matched controls without CAD despite the use of aspirin. In some studies, because ACS patients have an accentuated response to adrenergic stimuli this might be interpreted as aspirin resistance. Our study suggests that depending on the assay used to determine aspirin resistance, not all patients with this label are resistant to the biological effects of aspirin but they may have higher than normal baseline platelet sensitivity to adrenergic stimuli.
Binding of calcium to Bence-Jones proteins.

SummaryDeterminations of calcium ion activities by potentiometric measurements using permselective sulfonated polystyrenecollodion membranes indicate that calcium is not very strongly bound by Bence-Jones protein. It is concluded that bone destruction frequently associated with plasma cell proliferation in patients who have multiple myeloma cannot be due to a direct chemical interaction of bone calcium with the Bence-Jones proteins.
Chronic alcohol consumption causes accelerated myocardial preconditioning to ischemia-reperfusion injury.

We have previously demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption (8 to 10 weeks with ethanol as 36% of the caloric intake) does not exacerbate the effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on the heart. In those same studies, however, Gram-negative sepsis caused myocardial depression in both control and alcoholic rats, but also protected hearts from further damage due to ischemia-reperfusion. In the present study, we determined if preconditioning, a very short ischemia-reperfusion episode that protects the heart from more prolonged ischemia, would have similar effects on hearts from alcoholic and control rats with or without sepsis. Thus, rats were fed a liquid diet supplemented with ethanol or dextrin for 8 to 10 weeks. Some alcoholic and control rats were made septic with Escherichia coil injected into the subcutaneous space, whereas others received an injection of sterile saline. Isolated, isovolumically beating hearts were studied the following day. Hearts were made ischemic for 5 min, reperfused for 5 min, and then made ischemic for 35 min and reperfused for 25 min. Data from similar groups of hearts receiving only 35 min ischemia, and studied at the same time as the present groups, have been previously reported. The 5-min preconditioning episode was more effective in protecting hearts in the alcohol group than in the control group. Postischemic left ventricular developed pressure and +dP/dt maX were not significantly decreased from the preischemic values in the alcohol group, but were significantly decreased in the control group. The time to recovery of spontaneous contractions was decreased by preconditioning in the alcohol group but not in the control group, and the recovery of coronary flow was enhanced in the alcohol group, but not in the control group by preconditioning. Thus a single 5-min ischemic procedure was effective in protecting the heart from prolonged ischemia in the alcohol group, whereas it was not sufficient to elicit protection in the control group. Sepsis depressed preischemic function in both groups, but recovery from ischemia was complete.
SANS wavelength selection using a multilayer neutron monochromator

ABSTRACT A small angle neutron scattering instrument is currently being designed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor. An anti-parallel arrangement of two Ni-Ti multilayers will serve as a neutron monochromator for this insiiument.The first multilayer will be flat and in soller, or transmission, geometry. The second will be curved and in the conventionalreflection geometry. The curvature of the second multilayer is designed to eliminate resolution asymmetry and increase theincident neutron intensity. The intensities are still too low with this arrangement, but can be increased two or threefold bydepositing a second or third bilayer group with a spacing slightly offset from the first group. INTRODUCTION A new horizontal small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is being constructed at the University of MissouriResearch Reactor. The reactor is light water moderated and operates at a power level of 10 MWatts. The instrument will be installed on Beam Port E, a radial beam tube that views a beryllium reflector. This paper describes the logic behind our
Interpersonal rituals in marriage and adult friendship

The purpose of this study was to examine inductively types of interpersonal rituals in marriages and adult friendship and assess ritual enactment among friendship types (males' and females' same‐sex, cross‐sex, and couple friendships). Twenty married couples were interviewed, and 79 couples completed open‐ended questionnaires about both their marriage and friendship rituals. From their reports, a typology of seven marriage ritual types (two with subcategories including seven total subtypes) and a typology of six friendship ritual types (two with subcategories including seven total subtypes) were developed. The typology of marriage rituals with subtypes in parentheses include: Couple‐ Time Rituals (Enjoyable Activities, Togetherness Rituals, Escape Episodes), Idiosyncratic/Symbolic Rituals (Favorites, Private Codes, Play Rituals, and Celebration Rituals), Daily Routines and Tasks, Intimacy Expressions, Communication Rituals, Patterns/Habits/Mannerisms, and Spiritual Rituals. The typology of friendship ritu...
Methods for reducing the adverse effects of temperature stress on plants : a review

Abstract Thermal stresses adversely affect plant growth and development worldwide and the resultant reductions in yield limit profitability of agricultural production. The identification of an optimal thermal range provides a means for quantifying thermal stress experienced by a plant. The thermal dependence of apparent K m and variable fluorescence are two procedures for estimating optimal thermal ranges. The ability of a plant to resist thermal stress can be increased through alteration of plant temperature and/or alteration of the optimal thermal range. Optimization of temperature can be accomplished through alteration of canopy architecture, optimization of plant root systems, and irrigation management based on plant temperature. Alteration of optimal thermal range of a species may be accomplished through breeding or molecular engineering methodologies.
Climbing of dislocations in nonequilibrium patterns.

The steady-state climbing motion of isolated dislocations is studied both analytically and numerically in several two-dimensional model systems. Numerical measurements of the wave vector at which the defect is stationary are generally found to be in agreement with predicted values. Measurements of the climbing velocity as a function of wave vector reveal a basic difference between relaxational and nonrelaxational models, and this is understood in terms of a formalism which does not depend on a perturbation expansion near onset. Finally, the effects of coupling to a drift velocity generated by vertical vorticity are explicitly studied. The behavior in this case is of the same characteristic form as general nonrelaxational models without vorticity.
GLC Determination of Meperidine in Blood Plasma

Abstract A GLC technique utilizing a flame-ionization detector is described for the analysis of meperidine in blood plasma. The meperidine is extracted with benzene from plasma that has been made basic with sodium carbonate. A linear calibration curve is found in the range 0.1–1.25 mcg./ml., with the precision of the assay estimated to be ± 9.9% (RSD) . The method has been used in the determination of the half-life of meperidine in dog plasma.
An Experimental Cybernetic Analysis of Handwriting and Penpoint Design

This study investigated the relations between the design of instruments for writing and the efficiency of handwriting based on a sensory feedback theory of dynamic motion control and guidance. Three levels of sensory feedback, i.e. reactive, instrumental and operational, were believed to regulate the focal marking action of writing movements. Different types of writing instruments in use today provide different sources of visual, tactile and kinaesthetic feedback effects on the dynamic process of writing performance. In fountain-pen design, the superior writing efficiency of points off-centred from the axis of the shank was hypothesized. Both centred and off-centred ponpoints wore designed and used in this research. The writing time of 24 subjects was measured for three writing tasks. The results confirmed the basic feedback assumptions regarding writing tool designs and handwriting efficiency
Is There a Secular Body

In this essay, I want to follow out one line of inquiry into secularism and the secular opened up—if in different ways—by the pioneering works of William Connolly and Talal Asad: namely, the extent to which the development of secularism has historically entailed—among its various dimensions—a unique configuration of the human sensorium. For both of these scholars secularism must be approached, not simply through the doctrine of separation of church and state, not through the sociology of social differentiation and religion decline, but, rather, in terms of the cultivation of the distinct sensibilities, affects, and embodied dispositions that undergird secular forms of appraisal and practice. In my discussion, I ask, what answers do we find in the work of these two scholars to the question, What is a secular body?, and what might these answers—or refusals to answer—tell us about the practical and conceptual contours of the secular and secularism? [secularism, body, sensorium, affect]
Purified mouse dopamine neurons thrive and function after transplantation into brain but require novel glial factors for survival in culture.

Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease depends on a reliable source of purified dopamine (DA) neurons (PDN) and the identification of factors relevant to their survival. Our goal was to genetically tag and purify by flow cytometry embryonic midbrain DA neurons from a transgenic mouse line carrying 11 kb of human tyrosine hydroxylase promoter driving expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) for studies in vivo and in vitro. A 99% purification of GFP+ cells was achieved. When transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rat striatum, PDN survived, became well-integrated and produced recovery from amphetamine-induced motor behaviors. However, when grown in culture, PDN died within days of plating. No known growth factors prevented PDN death as did incubation with novel factors in glia/glial-conditioned media. We conclude that GFP-tagged DA neurons can be purified to homogeneity and can survive and function when grown with glial factors in vitro or after transplantation in vivo.
The relation of ventilation to metabolic rate during moderate exercise in man.

To characterize more precisely the relationship between ventilation (VE) and CO2 output (VCO2) during incremental exercise, 35 healthy males were studied at rest and during upright cycle ergometry, with the work rate incremented every 4 min up to each subject's anaerobic threshold (Oan). Twenty-one subjects had arterial blood sampled at rest and in the steady state at each work rate to determine the relationship between physiological dead space ventilation (VD) and VCO2. At these work rates arterial PCO2 was regulated at the resting, control value. VE (BTPS) was linearly related to VCO2 from rest Oan with a slope of 24.6. However, the regression had a significant positive intercept of 3.2 L/min-1. This causes the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (i.e., VE/VCO2) to decrease with increasing work rates. VD also increased linearly with increasing VCO2. However, this was consequent to increased breathing frequency as VD remained constant. Thus, the observed fall in VE/VCO2 with increasing work rates is due to the positive intercept but the inherent relationship between VE and VCO2, reflected by the linear regression slope, remains unchanged from rest through moderate exercise.
Customer Experience in Online Financial Services: A Study of Behavioral Intentions for Techno-Ready Market Segments

Purpose – Drawing upon research in consumer behavior, the purpose of this paper is to deploy an alternative way to predict behavioral intention with customer technology beliefs and experience in e‐brokerage services.Design/methodology/approach – This study tests the proposed framework and relevant hypotheses with survey responses collected from 258 online investors.Findings – Technology‐ready (TR) customer segments vary in their evaluations of customer‐service interfaces; interface evaluations affect cognitive service experience; and interface evaluations and cognitive experience affect customers' behavioral intentions.Research limitations/implications – This study indicates that flow experience emerges as an important factor for achieving sustainable competitive advantages in e‐brokerage services. The research findings and relevant hypotheses might not apply to low‐credence services.Practical implications – The findings indicate that service designers need to examine the life cycle of the intended servic...
Levels of bioactive PCDF congeners in PCB dielectric fluids from capacitors and transformers

Abstract The levels of three pharmacologically active PCDF congeners, namely the 2,3,7,8,-tetra-, 2,3,4,7,8-penta-, and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofurans, were measured by a precise two-dimensional gas chromatographic mass spectrometric procedure in PCB dielectric fluids taken from both used and unused capacitors and transformers, as well as in Aroclor standards. It was found that the electrical uses did not cause increases in bioactive PCDF levels.
Is chorismate mutase a prototypic entropy trap? - Activation parameters for the Bacillus subtilis enzyme

Chorismate mutase is thought to accelerate the chorismate-to-prephenate rearrangement in part by significantly lowering the entropy barrier for the reaction. We have determined the activation parameters for the well-characterized Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase and find that ΔS† (−9.1 ± 1.2 eu) is nearly as unfavorable as the activation entropy for the uncatalyzed process. Our results suggest that chorismate mutase catalysts show greater mechanistic versatility than commonly believed.
Case Report: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Caused by a Pancreas Transplant Arteriovenous Fistula with Large Psuedoanuerysm 9 Years after Transplantation

Reported cases of arteriovenous fistulae in transplant recipients are uncommon. We present a case of an arteriovenous fistula associated with a large pseudoaneurysm in the root of the small bowel mesentery of a pancreas transplant. Uniquely, in our case, the arteriovenous fistula presented with an episode of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage 9 years postoperatively. Radiographic imaging including coronal computed tomography angiogram and conventional angiogram demonstrated an arteriovenous fistula in the patient's pancreas transplant between the distal superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) with 6 cm aneurysmal dilatation. The tremendous flow in the fistula in the root of the graft small intestine mesentery led to graft duodenal mucosal congestion and lower GI hemorrhage. After successful embolization of the SMA-SMV fistula and pseudoaneurysm using interventional radiographic techniques, the arteriovenous fistula remained thrombosed. The patient had no further episodes of GI bleeding and her endoscopic evaluation was otherwise negative. The presence of arteriovenous fistulae and pseudoaneurysms in pancreas transplant recipients is uncommon, but has been previously documented. This case is further distinguished from previous reports by the notable 9-year interval between transplantation and the onset of hemorrhage. Historically, symptomatic vascular malformations have been associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. Successful patient management involves timely and accurate diagnosis and intervention.
Solar-terrestial models and application software

The empirical models related to solar-terrestrial sciences are listed and described which are available in the form of computer programs. Also included are programs that use one or more of these models for application specific purposes. The entries are grouped according to the region of the solar-terrestrial environment to which they belong and according to the parameter which they describe. Regions considered include the ionosphere, atmosphere, magnetosphere, planets, interplanetary space, and heliosphere. Also provided is the information on the accessibility for solar-terrestrial models to specify the magnetic and solar activity conditions.
INP-BASED DEVICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS FOR MERGED FET-HBT TECHNOLOGIES

We report a merged n-HJFET/Pnp-HBT technology for high-speed circuits. This technology is based upon using the p+ junction gate of the n-HJFET as the emitter of the Pnp-HBT. The channel of the FET is used as the base and the p-buffer functions as the collector facilitating the fabrication of both devices from the same epilayer structure. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multislice perfusion and perfusion territory imaging in humans with separate label and image coils.

An arterial spin labeling technique using separate RF labeling and imaging coils was used to obtain multislice perfusion images of the human brain at 3 T. Continuous RF irradiation at a peak power of 0.3 W was applied to the carotid arteries to adiabatically invert spins. Labeling was achieved without producing magnetization transfer effects since the B1 field of the labeling coil did not extend into the imaging region or couple significant power into the imaging coil. Eliminating magnetization transfer allowed the acquisition of multislice perfusion images of arbitrary orientation. Combining surface coil labeling with a reduced RF duty cycle permitted significantly lower SAR than single coil approaches. The technique was also found to allow selective labeling of blood in either carotid, providing an assessment of the artery’s perfusion territory. In normal subjects, these territories were well-defined and localized to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Magn Reson Med 41:1093‐1098, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dietary hyperphagia in rats: Role of fat, carbohydrate, and energy content

Dietary energy, fat and carbohydrate content were varied to determine the nutritional factors responsible for hyperphagia induced by feeding rats high-fat diets. In the first experiment, rats were fed isoenergetic high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets for 2 weeks. Weight gain and energy intake were lower in rats given the high-fat diet. When some of the rats were switched to a diet that was high in fat, carbohydrate and energy, gram food intake was initially unchanged, resulting in a substantial increase in energy intake and weight gain. Energy intake gradually declined over the 4 weeks following the switch to the high-energy diet. In the second experiment, rats were fed high-fat diets that were either high or low in carbohydrate content and either high or low in energy content (kcal/g). Rats fed a high-fat diet that was high in energy and carbohydrate ate the most energy and gained the most body weight and carcass fat. In the third experiment, rats were fed high-carbohydrate diets varying in fat and cellulose content. Energy intake and body weight gain varied directly as a function of caloric density regardless of the fat or cellulose content of the diets. It is concluded that hyperphagia induced by feeding high-fat diets is not due to the high dietary fat content alone. Rather, high levels of fat, carbohydrate, and energy interact to produce overeating and obesity in rats fed high-fat diets.
Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology and the 75th Anniversary of RQES

The purpose of this paper is to review the biomechanics and exercise physiology studies published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) over the past 75 years. Studies in biomechanics, a relatively new subdiscipline that evolved from kinesiology, first appeared in the journal about 40 years ago. Exercise physiology studies have been published in RQES throughout its history. Studies in both subdisciplines reflect areas of research that were of great interest at the time of their publication. Many of the leading scholars, past and present, in both biomechanics and exercise physiology were authors of papers in RQES.
Topological insulators and quantum spin liquids

Abstract In this paper we review some connections recently discovered between topological insulators and certain classes of quantum spin liquids, focusing on two and three spatial dimensions. In two dimensions we show the integer quantum Hall effect plays a key role in relating topological insulators and chiral spin liquids described by fermionic excitations, and we describe a procedure for “generating” a certain class of topological states. In three dimensions we discuss interesting relationships between certain quantum spin liquids and interacting “exotic” variants of topological insulators. We focus attention on better understanding interactions in topological insulators, and the phases nearby in parameter space that might result from moderate to strong interactions in the presence of strong spin–orbit coupling. We stress that oxides with heavy transition metal ions, which often host a competition between electron interactions and spin–orbit coupling, are an excellent place to search for unusual topological phenomena and other unconventional phases.
A study of bias fields in ferroelectric colemanite

Abstract The patterns of ice filaments are found to display the structure of the internal bias fields in colemanite. These patterns are formed by external electrical fields. The two fields, external and internal, though related, do not necessarily have the same origin, since the internal field may be due to volume charges and the external field to surface charges. Some properties of the bias field in relation to crystal perfection are discussed.
Preparation of nanometer-size dispersions of iron in sapphire by ion implantation and annealing

Abstract Some of the metal ions implanted into sapphire (α-Al2O3) are often present as metallic colloids or dispersions. Nano-composites of iron colloids in sapphire were prepared by implantation of 160 keV Fe56 at room temperature. The colloids were coarsened by annealing in the temperature range of 973 to 1673 K in a reducing atmosphere. Rutherford backscattering-ion channeling (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the lattice damage as well as the nature, size and distribution of the iron. Second phase particles having diameters of 1–3 nm, and accounting for 45% of the implanted iron at a fluence of 1 × 1017 Fe/cm2 were identified by electron diffraction as having the α-Fe (body-centered cubic) structure. Annealing samples implanted at lower fluences produced metallic iron particles (3–20 nm diam.) with attached voids. The matrix was amorphous at 2 × 1017 Fe/cm2 and contained “strings” of crystalline iron particles (5–10 nm). Annealing in the reducing atmosphere produced iron platelets several hundreds nanometers long by 25–35 nm thick. It was observed that a range of particle sizes and shapes can be obtained by choice of implantation and/or annealing parameters.
Photoionization from metastable (1s2s) 1Se and 3Se states of the He atom for energies between the N=2 and 3 thresholds of He+

Photoionization cross sections from the metastable state (1[ital s]2[ital s]) [sup 1][ital S[ital e]] of the He atom for photon energies between the He[sup +] ([ital N]=2) and ([ital N]=3) thresholds are calculated using the hyperspherical close-coupling method. The calculated spectra are convoluted with an energy resolution of 5.4 meV and are compared with the spectra for photoionization from the ground state. It is found that among the four possible outgoing channels, the 1[ital s][epsilon][ital p] channel, which is the dominant channel for photoionization from the ground state, makes negligible contributions to the total cross sections for photoionization from the metastable state. As a result, the propensity rule derived from the ground-state photoionization no longer applies and more series of the doubly excited states are populated with significant spectral intensity in photoionization from the metastable state. Photoionization cross sections from the metastable (1[ital s]2[ital s]) [sup 3][ital S[ital e]] state are also calculated and analyzed.
Quantification Of Trochlea Dysplasia Via Computed Tomography: Assessment Of Morphology Difference Between Control And Chronic Patellofemoral Instability Patients

Objectives:Trochlear dysplasia is an important risk factor for the development of recurrent patella instability. Owing to its complex 3-Dimensional morphology, the need for a true lateral radiograp...
Optical and conformational properties of the 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purines.

The optical and conformational properties of certain 7-ribosyl purines have been studied using several experimental and theoretical methods. The CD, MCD, and absorption spectra of the 7-ribosyl purines and their cations have been determined experimentally with some solvent effects being noted. Theoretically we have used the SCF-CI and CNDO molecular orbital calculations to determine the optical properties of the bases; Simpson's bond exciton theory to determine the optical properties of the bases; Simpson's bond exciton theory to determine the optical properties of the ribose moiety; the optical activity was determined by the dipole coupling and electricmagnetic coupling equations; and the conformational energy calculations are included as a basis for excluding highly improbable conformations. On the basis of these calculations, we concluded that the oxy derivatives and the amino derivatives are predominately in the “extreme anti” conformation and “standard anti” conformation, respectively. However, the conclusions are tentative since at the present time the band assignments are not unequivocal. At least one n-π* transition has been identified in the spectra which is not notably sensitive to pH and solvent effects. Several implications of this observation are discussed.
Effect of fenbendazole on reproductive function in stallions

Abstract Fenbendazole [methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate] is used for the treatment of intestinal roundworms in horses. Twenty-four stallions of mixed breeds, ranging in age from 2 to 16 years, were used to determine the effect of a single, oral dose (20 mg/kg) of Fenbendazole on the potential reproductive capacity of stallions. Fenbendazole had no deleterious affects upon seminal characteristics, testicular measurements or weights, serum testosterone level or spermatogenesis.
Intermetallic insertion electrodes derived from NiAs-, Ni2In-, and Li2CuSn-type structures for lithium-ion batteries

The implications of designing intermetallic insertion electrodes for lithium-ion cells are discussed in terms of materials with the NiAs-, Ni2In-, and Li2CuSn-type structures. Specific reference is made to a recent announcement that lithium can be inserted topotactically into η-Cu6Sn5 at approximately 400 mV above the potential of metallic lithium. These materials hold promise for developing a new family of electrode structures to replace carbon as the negative electrode in state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells.
Preliminary longitudinal studies of serum polyamines in patients with colorectal carcinoma

Summary Polyamines, whose biosynthesis is a prerequisite for cell proliferation, are potential indicators of malignant growth. In view of this, serum polyamine levels were examined in longitudinal studies of patients with either colorectal carcinoma or Gardner's syndrome (inherited colonic polyposis possessing a potential for malignant degeneration). Of 10 patients examined longer than one year, serum polyamine levels reflected the disease status. This study indicates that biochemical surveillance of patients by polyamine analysis may be feasible and possibly applicable to other types of tumors.
The synthesis of tritium‐labelled azidothymidine

The synthesis of 3H-labelled azidothymidine (AZT) from [methyl-3H]thymidine is described. Purification of labelled AZT was accomplished by column chromatography. The purity of the labelled compound was determined by high performance liquid chromatography connected with a radioactive flow detector. The labelled AZT was found to be stable at pH ranging from 2.3 to 7.4 at 37°C and at hyperthermic temperature of 42°C.
Growth Consequences of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity for two Old-field Herbs,Ambrosia artemisiifoliaandPhytolacca americana, Grown Individually and in Combination

Abstract Plant species can respond to small scale soil nutrient heterogeneity by proliferating roots or increasing nutrient uptake kinetics in nutrient-rich patches. Because root response to heterogeneity differs among species, it has been suggested that the distribution of soil resources could influence the outcome of interspecific competition. However, studies testing how plants respond to heterogeneity in the presence of neighbours are lacking. In this study, individuals of two species, Phytolacca americana L. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were grown individually and in combination in soils with either a homogeneous or heterogeneous nutrient distribution. Above-ground biomass of individually grown plants of both species was greater when fertilizer was located in a single patch than when the same amount of fertilizer was distributed evenly throughout the soil. Additionally, both species proliferated roots in high-nutrient patches. A. artemisiifolia exhibited larger root:shoot ratios, increased nitrogen depletion from nutrient patches, and a higher growth rate than P. americana , suggesting A. artemisiifolia is better suited to find and rapidly exploit nutrient patches. In contrast to individually grown plants, soil nutrient distribution had no effect on final above-ground plant biomass for either species when grown with neighbours, even though roots were still concentrated in high nutrient patches. This study demonstrates that increased growth of isolated plants as a consequence of localized soil nutrients is not necessarily an indication that heterogeneity will affect interspecific encounters. In fact, despite a significant below-ground response, soil nutrient heterogeneity was inconsequential to above-ground performance when plants were grown with neighbours.
Exogeneity and forward rate unbiasedness

Abstract Recent studies have rejected the forward rate efficiency hypothesis because of a failure to find support for the forward rate unbiasedness condition (FRUC). This condition states that spot and forward rates should be cointegrated with a unit cointegrating vector. These studies have focused on inferences drawn from partial system error-correction approaches that make critical assumptions concerning the exogeneity of forward rates. Taking a full systems approach to estimation without any a priori weak exogeneity assumptions, we find support for FRUC, and that spot rates, not forward rates, are weakly exogenous in the sense of Engle, Hendry, and Richard (1983). The latter finding implies that the rejection of the FRUC in prior research may be due to the incorrect implied exogeneity assumptions.
Contaminants in eggs of western snowy plovers and California least terns: is there a link to population decline?

Environmental contaminants may have adverse effects on avian reproduction and may be contributing to declines of avian species nesting along the southern California Coast. Examples of impaired reproduction caused by organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and elements such as mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) include delayed ovulation, reduced egg production, defective eggshells, decreased hatchability, embryotoxicosis, aberrant incubation behavior, and mortality of chicks and adults (Heinz 1976; Blus 1982; Ohlendorf et al. 1986).
Heavy Metal Contamination in the Brownfield Soils of Cleveland

The results esults of a survey of heavy metal contamination at Cleveland area brownfields and public spaces are presented. Soils were analyzed using a 24 h, 1N HCl extraction procedure. The study was conducted to seek brownfield soils that manifest properties of “old” sequestered contamination and to develop a better understanding of the nature and extent of heavy metal burdens at brownfield sites in the Greater Cleveland area. The results indicated that Cleveland brownfields commonly yield soil burdens well above remediation triggers for residential soils and often yield values above industrial remediation triggers. It was also discovered that public areas in the vicinity of brownfields commonly have heavy metal contamination significantly above background levels and occasionally above residential remediation triggers. These results indicate that brownfields redevelopment initiatives should proceed with caution. The appropriate remediation goals or restrictions must be imposed to control urban exposure t...
An Evaluation of Histological Techniques Used in Skeletochronological Age Estimation of Sea Turtles

Abstract Skeletochronological analysis was used to compare stained and unstained cross sections of humeri from Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles to determine if the 2 histological techniques yielded an equal number of visible lines of arrested growth (LAGs). Stained sections viewed at high magnification under a compound microscope revealed the presence of closely spaced and splitting LAGs, resulting in a greater number of individual LAG counts for these sections when compared to unstained and stained sections viewed at a lower magnification under a dissecting microscope. Prior studies have shown that some of these closely spaced LAGs are annual, and therefore the inability to detect such marks could result in a downward bias in age estimates.
Repair replication in mammalian cells after x-irradiation.

Abstract The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of repair replication after X-irradiation are similar in Chinese hamster B14FAF cells, mouse P 3 88F cells, and human (diploid) WI-38 cells. Calculations of the amount of DNA damage per cell and number of bases inserted per damaged site indicate that degradation at each damaged site does not exceed 3 bases; this small amount of base insertion cannot be detected in the presence of the nonconservative synthesis occurring in controls until the damage to DNA is extensive—more than that caused by 1000 rad. Similar calculations using the data of Ayad and Fox 1 on P388F cells indicate that the extensive synthesis reported by these workers is not restricted to damaged sites in DNA and therefore must not be related to repair.
Percutaneous radio frequency ablation for hematuria

Percutaneous image guided techniques have recently been applied to the management of small renal tumors. Persistent hematuria despite embolization of a 7 cm. renal cell carcinoma was successfully treated with percutaneous radio frequency ablation in a patient with a solitary kidney.
The President, the Press, and the War‐Making Power: An Analysis of Media Coverage Prior to the Persian Gulf War

This study examines media coverage of war powers for a five-month period before the Persian Gulf War. Previous research has shown that the range of foreign policy debate reported in the media is a function of the range of debate in Washington, DC. Based on an analysis of AB CNews, the New York Times, and presidential news conferences, the authors find that reporting on war powers?and in particular, the perspective that congressional authorization is required prior to the use of military force?is linked to the dynamics of institutional debate in Washington. In the midst of a massive mili tary buildup wherein the prospect of conflict with Iraq was a distinct possibility, the issue of war pow ers was virtually ignored by media sources until it became a source of conflict between Congress and the Bush administration. The authors argue that the lack of independent reporting on war powers
Simultaneous confidence procedures in multivariate calibration problems

In a multivariate linear regression model simultaneous confidence procedures for some of the independent variables are constructed. Two of these procedures are extensions of similar methods which were first presented by R. G. Miller Jr. They are based on the so-called Bonferroni inequality and the union intersection principle, respectively. Furthermore a third method (which is only applicable in an univariate model) is presented. This procedure is an improvement of one of the two methods given by Miller.