cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 4-methylpiperidine analogs of hemicholinium-3

Abstract A series of substituted piperidine analogs of hemicholinium-3 was evaluated for their ability to inhibit neuromuscular transmission, to decrease acetylcholine content of caudate slices, to inhibit choline acetyltransferase activity, and to produce toxicity. Quaternary and tertiary amine derivatives of 4-methyl- and 4-hydroxyl-substituted piperidine analogs containing β-carbonyl or β-hydroxyl substitutions in the phenylethyl spacing moiety were tested. 4-Methyl piperidine derivatives maintained potent hemicholinium-3 like activity. Reduction of activity was seen with the 4-hydroxyl piperidine analogs. Compounds with β-hydroxyl substitution were more potent than those with β-carbonyl substitution. The tertiary amine, 4-methyl piperidine derivative with a hydroxyl group on the β-carbon of the ethyl side chain also possessed hemicholinium-3 like activity. However, tertiary amine analogs were substantially less potent than hemicholinium-3 or their quaternary amine analogs.
Interactions between carbon nanotubes and sulfonamide antibiotics in aqueous solutions under various physicochemical conditions

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfapyridine (SPY), two representative sulfonamide antibiotics, have attracted much attention recently because of their potential ecological risks. This work systematically investigated the adsorption characteristics of SMX and SPY on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a newly introduced nano-adsorbent, under various physicochemical conditions. Laboratory batch adsorption experiments and mathematical models were used to determine the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the two antibiotics to the CNTs. We found that SMX and SPY had very fast adsorption kinetics to the CNTs, which could be simulated with both the pseudo-second-order and the intraparticle diffusion models. These results suggest that the adsorption of the antibiotics to the CNTs were controlled by surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion processes. Isotherm studies showed that sonication-aided dispersion slightly increased the adsorption of the antibiotics to the CNTs probably because the dispersion process might increase CNT surface area. When solution pH increased from 3.0 to 9.0, the Langmuir maximum sorption capacities of the antibiotics to the CNTs decreased from 98.0 to 18.6 mg/g (SMX) and from 108.6 to 83.2 mg/g (SPY), indicating pH is a controlling factor of the removal of the two antibiotics in aqueous solutions. We also found that the Langmuir adsorption capacity of the CNTs decreased slightly for both SMX and SPY when more adsorbents were in the solution. The findings from this study suggest that CNTs can be used as a high efficiency adsorbent to removal antibiotics from aqueous solution under various conditions.
Separable urinary LH by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography.

Concentrates of urinary gonadotropin (fraction B) of men, postmenopausal women and eunuchs were applied to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) columns in 0.01M ammonium acetate solution at pH 6.0. A nonretained fraction was obtained and then the material on the column was eluted with 0.5M ammonium acetate to yield a retained fraction. All of the recovered follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and from ½ to ⅛ of the recovered luteinizing hormone (LH) were in the nonretained fraction; the other ½ to ¼ of the recovered LH was in the retained fraction. The FSH/LH ratios of the nonretained fraction varied from 3 to 4, whereas the FSH/ LH ratio for the retained fraction varied from less than 0.23 to less than 0.05. Carboxymethylcellulose chromatography thus effected a substantial separation of FSH and LH. (Endocrinology 77: 1085, 1965)
Vibrationally resolved emission of thiophosgene dimer

Abstract During a study of thiophosgene electronic spectra, Fujiwara and co-workers observed a broad electronic transition peaked at 37 000 cm −1 , attributed to thiophosgene dimer. Our dispersed fluorescence spectra of a thiophosgene molecular beam excited at 36 000 cm −1 reveal several vibrational modes too low in frequency for thiophosgene. We assign them to modes of thiophosgene dimer or their combination bands. MP2 calculations support the vibrational assignment. TD-DFT, CASSCF, and coupled cluster calculations suggest that the bright electronic state of thiophosgene dimer is the B 2u symmetry fifth excited singlet state. Two additional transitions are assigned to a thiophosgene synthesis impurity, trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride.
Heterogeneous catalysis: effect of an alternating electric field.

Oxidation of carbon monoxide was studcied in a static reactor at 123° ± 1°C, wtith NiO as catalyst. An alternating electric field of about 22,000 volts per centimeter, peak to peak, was applied normal to the catalytic Surfaces. The rate of oxidation was thereby enhanced by a factor of 6 at 100 cycles per second, with maximum enhancement at between 100 and 200 cycles per second.
The Thermodynamics of Formation of a Three-Strand, DNA Three-Way Junction Complex

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is used to study the thermodynamics of assembly of the three DNA oligonucleotides S1 (5'-GCCTGCCACCGC), S2 (5'-GCGGTGCGTCCG), and S3AA (5'-CGGACGAAGCAGGC) to form a three-way junction (TWJ) complex consisting of three double-helical arms radiating from a junction region having two unpaired adenosines in one strand (S3AA). The thermodynamics of assembly were measured for three different orders of addition of the component oligonucleotides at four temperatures between 10 and 25 degrees C. At each temperature studied, the overall values of delta H, delta S degrees, and delta G degrees for assembly of the complex from the component single strands were found to be independent of the order of addition. The enthalpy of binding, delta H, was found to be linearly dependent on temperature. From the temperature dependence of delta H, the change in heat capacity delta Cp, for the overall assembly of three strands to form the junction complex was calculated and found to be -1.6 kcal mol-1K-1. This work represents the first attempt to evaluate the thermodynamics of DNA TWJ formation by ITC.
The erosion of phenotypic specificity in psychiatric genetics: emerging lessons from CNTNAP2.

t t l e d n I n this issue, Stein et al. (1) present evidence for an association of a common genetic polymorphism at the neuronal adhesion molecule Contactin-Associated Protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) with elective mutism (SM) and social anxiety traits. This is a methodlogically rigorous, two-stage candidate gene association study, he first genomic analysis of SM, and one that focuses on a gene of onsiderable interest. As a class, cell adhesion molecules have beome an important area of investigation for neurobiologists intersted in synaptic specification and function and Contactin and ontactin-Associated proteins have figured prominently in recent ndings in the psychiatric genetics literature. Moreover, the results resented in Stein et al., as well as the study design, point to some of he most interesting developments and areas of controversy in ontemporary psychiatric genetics.
Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Significant progress has been made over the last decade in delineating the neuropathological and neurochemical changes in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less well studied are the actual synaptic connections of affected areas of the brain, such as the cerebral cortex. Because the final common pathway for neurotransmission involves synaptic integrity, we quantitatively assessed synaptic number and synapse size in lamina III and V of human frontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) in patients with AD and age-matched controls. Samples were also matched for postmortem interval, and artifacts associated with postmortem change were eliminated. We found a significant decrease in synaptic number per unit volume in both lamina, more marked in lamina III (−42%) than V (−29%). In both normal controls and AD brains, there was a negative correlation between synapse number and synapse size as indexed by the length of the postsynaptic density (PSD); cortical samples with fewer synapses had larger synapse size. This appeared to be a compensatory response, rather than a selective loss of small synapses, since the total amount of synaptic contact area per unit volume did not decline in lamina V (despite a 29% loss of synapses); in lamina III it was reduced 11% despite a 42% loss of synapses. The loss of synapses in AD is widespread and significant in frontal cortex; there is observable compensation by enlargement of synaptic size. This compensatory effort is overcome by the continuing loss of synapses in areas most affected by the degeneration.
Financial conflicts of interest in research: recognition and management.

Background: Female urinary incontinence is a significant health concern that often remains undisclosed to healthcare providers, often because of embarrassment and fear of a negative response. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore communication patterns found in blog text regarding self-presentation by women living with incontinence for clues to facilitate disclosure. Methods: This is a descriptive, empirical study of publically archived blog text (years inclusive 2006–2011; N = 16,629 words from 19 bloggers) by women communicating about urinary incontinence, utilizing methods of content analysis. Results: Valence and word concordance analysis showed that words indicative of facilitating social connections were used more often in proximity with close contacts (Z = −2.68, p = .004) and words indicative of blocking social connections were used more often in proximity with community contacts (Z = −2.97, p = .002). Differences between descriptions of facilitative and blocking reactions from healthcare providers were not significant (Z = −0.28, p = .39). Cluster analysis indicated a decreasing level of negatively charged descriptors of incontinence-related communications as the context moved from the hidden self to close contacts and then to the public sphere. Word frequency analysis identified a pattern in the blog text about urinary incontinence of self-presenting as otherwise fit, healthy, and competent. Discussion: Study results suggest that any report of incontinence concerns, including joking or casual references, should be addressed because women may not disclose the degree to which symptoms affect their psychosocial health. Further research is needed to explore whether providers might facilitate disclosure of urinary incontinence by first acknowledging the woman’s strengths, thereby creating a sense of safety and acceptance.
Age‐related changes of the endogenous cardiolipin and plasmalogens of guinea pig kidney and their in vitro hydrolysis by endogenous phospholipases: a thin layer chromatographic analysis in conjunction with densitometric measurement

The phosphoglycerides profile of guinea pig kidney, fetal, young adult, and aged, and their in vitro response to the endogenous lipolytic enzymes, mainly in the phospholipase group were determined by TLC technology in conjunction with densitometric measurement. Changes in phosphoglycerides profile subsequent to in vitro incubation of these tissues at pH 7.4, and 38 degrees C for 45 min and prior to phospholipid extraction has provided evidence relating to their respective lipolytic enzymes capabilities and age. These changes are mainly related to endogenous cardiolipin (CL), alkenyl phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline) and their endogenous deacylation to their respective lyso derivatives monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), lyso alkenyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE), and lyso alkenyl phosphatidyl choline (LPC) by endogenous phospholipases. The hydrolysis of the plasmalogen confirms the action of endogenous PLA(2) on sn-2 fatty acids of these compounds.
Medicaid bed-hold policies and hospitalization of long-stay nursing home residents.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Medicaid bed-hold policies on hospitalization of long-stay nursing home residents.
A Forced Hand: Natives, Africans, and the Population of Brazil, 1545-1850*

The settlement and expansion of the Portuguese colonies in South America were made possible by slave labour; however, the historical size of enslaved Native and African groups is largely unknown. This investigation compiles extant statistics on the population of «Brazil» by race and state for the pre-census period from 1545 to 1850, complementing them with headcount estimates based on sugar, gold, and coffee production; pre-contact indigenous populations; and trans-Atlantic slave voyages. The resulting panel of demographic data illustrates national and regional racial transitions encompassing the colonial era. Brazil's population was of Native descent but became predominantly African in the 18th century; people of European ancestry remained a minority for another 200 years.
The Development of the Scale for the Evaluation of Gifted Identification Instruments (SEGII)

The selection of instruments to screen and identify gifted and talented students is a difficult and problematic task faced by school divisions. The evaluation of instruments should include consideration of the reliability and the validity of instruments according to the specific purpose for which they are being used, the population on which they will be used, and the other characteristics considered vital for fair test use. This article presents a scale designed specifically for that purpose for use by school decision-makers.
PowerQuest: Trace Driven Data Mining for Power Optimization

The paper introduced a general framework, called PowerQuest, with the primary goal of extracting "interesting" dynamic invariants from a given simulation-trace database, and applying it to the power-reduction problem through detection of gating conditions. PowerQuest adopts machine-learning techniques for data mining. The advantages of PowerQuest in comparison with other state-of-the-art dynamic power management (DPM) techniques are: 1) quality of ODC conditions for gating; 2) minimization of extra logic added for gating. The validity of the approach was demonstrated in reducing power through experimental results using ITC99 benchmarks and real-life microprocessor test cases. Power reduction of up to 22.7 % was presented, in comparison with other DPM techniques
Uniqueness of solutions for fourth-order nonlocal boundary value problems

Uniqueness implies uniqueness relationships are examined among solutions of the fourth-order ordinary differential equation, , satisfying -point, -point, and -point nonlocal boundary conditions.
Selective screening for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of screening for coronary artery disease before elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was performed. Methods: Results of a screening algorithm for coronary artery disease in 263 patients admitted to a single hospital for elective repair of AAA between January 1986 and December 1989 were analyzed. Patients with no coronary artery disease indicators proceeded to surgery without further workup. Patients with cardiac disease indicators underwent dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy, and patients with angina were screened by use of cardiac catheterization; those with a recent coronary revascularization underwent no additional screening unless symptoms or electrocardiographic changes suggested an intervening event. Twenty-eight patients underwent no screen other than medical history and electrocardiogram. Results: Among 164 patients screened with dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy, 44 patients had redistribution defects that required catheterization, and 11 of these underwent coronary revascularization. Cardiac catheterization was performed directly in 42 patients, which led to 11 revascularizations before AAA repair. Previous coronary artery bypass or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty obviated additional screening in 29 patients. Of the 263 scheduled AAA repairs, 15 were cancelled because of unacceptable operative risks, 13 for cardiac reasons. One patient died of a ruptured AAA after an uneventful coronary artery bypass. Among the 247 AAA repairs performed, there were three perioperative deaths (1.2%), all of which resulted from sudden cardiac events; three additional patients had nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1.2%), for a total cardiac complication rate of 2.4%. Conclusions: The low rate of cardiac complications in this experience affirms the effectiveness of preoperative screening and selective coronary revascularization before AAA repair. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:349-57.)
Predictors of statin adherence, switching, and discontinuation in the USAGE survey: Understanding the use of statins in America and gaps in patient education

Background Although statins have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease mortality, less than half of U.S. adults achieve their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal. In many patients initiated on a statin, adherence rates decrease over time. Objective To characterize current and former statin users, identify reasons for the discontinuation or switching of statins, and identify factors associated with adherence. Methods The USAGE survey is a cross-sectional, self-administered Internet-based survey of 10,138 U.S. adults fielded September to October 2011. The following statin users were identified and compared: adherent nonswitchers, adherent switchers, non-adherent switchers, and discontinuers. Univariate and multivariate models using a priori covariates for adherence and discontinuation were examined. Results Most participants were current statin users who adhered with their prescribed statin (82.5%, n = 8371). Former statin users or discontinuers (12%, n = 1220) cited muscle pain, a side effect, as the primary reason for discontinuation (60%), followed by cost (16%), and then perceived lack of efficacy (13%). Discontinuers were less satisfied with their physicians' explanation of cholesterol treatment, more likely to use the Internet to research statins, and less likely to undergo frequent cholesterol monitoring. Among adherent statin users, the primary reasons for switching were muscle side effects (33%) and cost (32%). Individuals at risk for non-adherence included those with low household income, those who experienced muscle pain as a side effect while on statin therapy, and those taking medication for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Statin-related muscle side effects are common and contribute significantly to rates of discontinuation, switching, and non-adherence. Improved physician patient communication about side effects and benefits of statins are necessary to improve both adherence and outcomes.
Three large dissectable rat glomerular models reconstructed from wide-field electron micrographs

Three very large styrofoam models of glomerular capillary tufts have been built, based on serial ultrathin sections which cut through three complete rat glomeruli isolated from all regions of renal cortex. The images of glomeruli are enlarged on 20" × 24" wide-field electron micrographs, from which each capillary is traced on styrofoam discs and then individually connected. These models can be disassembled to measure the width and length of each capillary segment and to map the complicated glomerular vascular arrangement. Each of the three randomly selected glomeruli has three arteriolar openings passing through the Bowman's capsule–-e.g., an afferent opening and two closely situated efferent openings. Each of the three glomeruli consists of three major lobules, e.g., two larger lateral lobules and a smaller central lobule. Assuming the model is positioned so that the vascular pole is superior and the afferent arteriole is closer to the observer than the two efferent vessels, the lobule occupying the frontal right portion originates from the right major branching of the afferent arteriole and reconverges at the right efferent opening. The lobule occupying the frontal left portion originates from the left major branching of the afferent arteriole and reconverges at the left efferent opening. The lobule occupying the central portion originates from the central major branching and connects both lateral lobules with a few interlobular anastomoses. The diameter and the length of interlobular anastomoses, and the volume of major lobules are listed. The technique of the isolation and reembedment of glomeruli and the construction of models is described in detail.
Study of a genetic wire antenna for a low-n satellite communications ground terminal

A genetic wire antenna is developed for a low-N phased array for use as a satellite-communications ground terminal. The radiation pattern of this antenna is optimized to compensate for the angularly-dependent path loss exhibited by a communications link with a low-earth-orbiting (LEO) earth-environmental satellite (EES).
Yield and Fiber Quality of Five Pairs of Near-isogenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines Expressing Fuzzless/Linted and Fuzzy/Linted Seed Phenotypes

Fuzzless cotton often has traits desirable to the cotton industry, including longer fibers, reduced short fiber content, fewer neps, and improved ginning efficiency. This two-year field study described yield and fiber properties of five pairs of fuzzy and fuzzless near-isogenic lines, developed from fuzzless parent Gossypium hirsutum SA 243 crossed with five fuzzy seeded parents, and processed using saw or roller gins. Yield and fiber data were collected from a two-year field study. The fuzzless lines generally had longer and stronger fibers, lower immature fiber content, higher maturity ratios, reduced short fiber content, higher fineness and micronaire values, and lower lint percentages compared to their fuzzy counterparts. Longer fibers were found in saw ginned samples, and roller ginned samples had higher percentages of short fibers and fewer neps. The fuzzless lines had improved fiber properties useful to the cotton industry, but poor lint yields of only 7% to 14% in these lines limits their utility ...
Gadolinium-enhanced, vessel-tracking, two-dimensional coronary MR angiography: single-dose arterial-phase vs. delayed-phase imaging.

The purposes of our study were to investigate the benefits of using a single dose of an extracellular contrast agent for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) and to determine the relative benefits of arterial-phase vs. delayed-phase image acquisition. The right coronary artery was imaged in 10 healthy adults using a breath-hold, twodimensional fast gradient echo pulse sequence designed for vessel tracking (multiphase, multislice image acquisition). Pre- and postcontrast CMRA was performed. Postcontrast imaging consisted of arterial- and delayed-phase CMRA following a 15 mL bolus (single dose) of contrast media and of delayed-phase imaging following a cumulative 45 mL contrast dose (triple dose). Contrast-enhanced CMRA provided a significantly higher (P < 0.001) signalto-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) than noncontrast CMRA. CNR was highest for single-dose arterial-phase CMRA (13.1 6 4.5) and triple-dose delayedphase CMRA (13.0 6 4.8), followed by single-dose delayedphase CMRA (8.4 6 3.5) and noncontrast CMRA (4.2 6 1.8). Single-dose arterial-phase CMRA provided the best visualization of the distal right coronary artery and was preferred for blinded physician assessments. We concluded that utilization of a single dose of extracellular contrast media improves CMRA, especially if timed for arterialphase imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13: 682‐689. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pes planovalgus deformity surgical correction in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose Planovalgus foot deformity is common in diplegic and quadriplegic patients. Surgery is the definitive treatment to restore the alignment of the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones. We aimed, in the current study, to compare the effectiveness of subtalar fusion and calcaneal lengthening, and to assess the recurrence in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.
Adolescents With Two Nonresident Biological Parents: Living Arrangements, Parental Involvement, and Well-Being

We know little about children who have two living nonresident biological parents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examines the diverse living arrangements of U.S. adolescents in this situation, the kinds of relationships they have with each of their nonresident parents, and how these living arrangements are associated with adolescent well-being. Differences between these adolescents (n = 502) and those who have one nonresident biological parent ( n = 4,746) are also examined. Results point to certain groups of adolescents with two nonresident parents who are at particular risk of exhibiting higher levels of behavior problems (those living alone or with an aunt and uncle) or who, alternatively, are faring comparatively better (those living with biological relative caregivers or two nonbiological parent figures).
Complement anaphylatoxin C3a is a potent inducer of embryonic chick retina regeneration

Components of the complement system have been shown to promote liver regeneration. Haynes et al. demonstrate that the complement fragment C3a can induce regeneration of the embryonic chick retina from stem and progenitor cells of the ciliary margin via activation of STAT3 and other downstream signalling pathways.
Physician attitudes and preferences about combined Tdap vaccines for adolescents.

Results: The overall response rate was 56% (57% pediatricians, 55% family physicians). Among 297 respondents (154 pediatricians, 143 family physicians) eligible for analysis because they provide care to adolescents, pediatricians (77%) were significantly more likely than family physicians (51%, p 0.0001) to report that they routinely administer Td at preventive care visits for adolescents aged 11 to 12 years, but otherwise the specialties were similar in their Td practices. Forty-four percent of respondents cited infrequency of adolescent visits as a barrier to Td immunization. Slightly more than half the sample (57%) agreed or strongly agreed that pertussis is serious enough to warrant replacing Td with Tdap for adolescents; pediatricians (70%) were significantly more likely than family physicians (42%, p 0.0001) to endorse this statement.
Modeling ‘Dependence of Relevant Alternatives’ in Consumer Choice: A Synthesis from Disparate Literatures

In this paper we are concerned with modeling consumer choice among competing products when spatial location matters to consumers as a product attribute. We review the literature on hospital choice and find many older studies using inappropriate ‘independence of irrelevant alternatives’ (IIA) models, while more recent studies exploit increasingly more sophisticated modeling which affects what we call here ‘dependence of relevant alternatives’ (DRA) formulations. Models which embody the IIA property to estimate probabilities of choice among alternatives do not allow the relative values of choice probabilities to change when new choices become available, which is unrealistic because new choices change substitution patterns among available products. Parameters from IIA models are thus not useful to assess the value to consumers of changes in available products, which has considerable importance to public policy. We show that tractable DRA models exist for situations where location matters, and hope that in explicitly comparing some IIA and DRA models, the value of a spatial approach to consumer choice problems will be highlighted and embraced more broadly in future spatial science and health policy research.
Opportunistic multicasting

In this paper, we develop an information theoretic framework for analyzing the fundamental tradeoffs of the downlink multicasting channel in a single cell system. We consider three classes of scheduling algorithms with varying complexities. The first class strives for minimum complexity by resorting to a static scheduling strategy along with memoryless decoding. Our analysis for the static scheduling algorithms reveals a fundamental throughput-delay tradeoff. In particular, we establish the existence of a static scheduling policy that achieves the optimal scaling law of the throughput at the expense of a delay that increases exponentially with the number of users. The second scheduling policy resorts to a higher complexity incremental redundancy encoding/decoding strategy to achieve a superior throughput-delay tradeoff. The third, and most complex, scheduling strategy benefits from the cooperation between the different users to minimize the delay while achieving the optimal scaling law of the throughput In particular, the proposed cooperative multicasting strategy is shown to achieve the optimal scaling laws of both throughput and delay. Finally, we present simulation results in certain representative scenarios that validate our theoretical claims.
Refractory ventricular fibrillation managed by coronary revascularisation performed during ongoing manual cardiac resuscitation lasting 1½ h

Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of ventricular arrhythmias. Although there have been several improvements and refinements in coronary catheterisation with percutaneous intervention over the years, this intervention is still rarely considered during active ongoing resuscitation of patients, especially in cases of persistent ventricular arrhythmias. We present a case of refractory ventricular fibrillations due to in-stent thrombosis that was managed by emergent coronary angiogram and stent placement during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a code that lasted about 1½ h. The patient subsequently made an excellent recovery and was discharged home 13 days later.
Design Concepts for Shape-Shifting Surfaces

This paper presents concepts for Shape-Shifting Surfaces (SSSs), i.e. surfaces that retain their effectiveness as physical barriers while undergoing changes in shape. These shape changes could be motions like expanding, shrinking, twisting, encircling, wiggling, swallowing or constricting that make the surface more effective at performing its function. The SSSs are a novel concept, and are composed of tiled arrays of polygonal cells, each cell consisting of specifically-designed compliant flexures attached to specifically-shaped overlapping thin plates or shells. Applications for such surfaces are anticipated at the micro-scale in cellular engineering and at the macro-scale for biomedical applications, recreational uses, national security, and environmental protection; each will be stem from the foundational concepts described in this paper.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The gas phase structure of coulombically stretched polyethylene glycol ions.

Prior ion-mobility mass-spectrometry (IMS-MS) studies of polyethylene glycol (PEG) ions have identified only two out of many sharply different observed structures: Linear shapes with several individually solvated singly charged cations at high charge states z (beads on a string), and single multiply charged globules at low z. The present study is devoted to assign all other existing structures of PEG ions, for the first time reaching masses of 100 kDa and charge states up to z = 10. There are at most z different structures at charge state z. All involve a single globule carrying n charges, tied to one or several appendices bearing z – n separate charges in a beads-on-a-string configuration. All sharp shape transitions observed at decreasing ion mass involve ejection of one elementary charge (sometimes two) from the shrinking globule into the growing linear appendage. This picture is supported by molecular dynamics simulations and approximate calculations of electrical mobilities for computed structures.
What Corporate Executives Are Look-ing For In Entry-Level Accountants For Todays Competitive Marketplace

A transition from the role of the traditional accountants of the past to that of financial managers is occurring. The educational process must change to provide an understanding of the needs of business. In addition to looking backward to see what is beyond the numbers, accountants should possess knowledge of what is going on in the global economy and provide forward thinking. They need analytical and communication skills that will enable them to be part of the management team necessary for the company to succeed in the global economy. This survey of approximately 100 accounting executives provides empirical confirmation of such comments.
Developing and executing quality improvement projects (concept, methods, and evaluation).

Continuous quality improvement, quality assurance, cycles of change—these words of often used to express the process of using data to inform and improve clinical care. Although many of us have been exposed to theories and practice of experimental work (e.g., randomized trial), few of us have been similarly exposed to the science underlying quality improvement. Through the lens of a single-center quality improvement study, this article exposes the reader to methodology for conducting such studies. The reader will gain an understanding of these methods required to embark on such a study.
Rapid trajectory design in the Earth–Moon ephemeris system via an interactive catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits☆

Abstract Upcoming missions and prospective design concepts in the Earth–Moon system extensively leverage multi-body dynamics that may facilitate access to strategic locations or reduce propellant usage. To incorporate these dynamical structures into the mission design process, Purdue University and the NASA Goddard Flight Space Center have initiated the construction of a trajectory design framework to rapidly access and compare solutions from the circular restricted three-body problem. This framework, based upon a ‘dynamic’ catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits within the Earth–Moon system, can guide an end-to-end trajectory design in an ephemeris model. In particular, the inclusion of quasi-periodic orbits further expands the design space, potentially enabling the detection of additional orbit options. To demonstrate the concept of a ‘dynamic’ catalog, a prototype graphical interface is developed. Strategies to characterize and represent periodic and quasi-periodic information for interactive trajectory comparison and selection are discussed. Two sample applications for formation flying near the Earth–Moon L2 point and lunar space infrastructures are explored to demonstrate the efficacy of a ‘dynamic’ catalog for rapid trajectory design and validity in higher-fidelity models.
Correlation of filament distortion and RRR degradation in drawn and rolled PIT and RRP Nb3Sn wires

PIT and RRP® Nb3Sn strands are being developed for high field accelerator magnet upgrades for the high luminosity LHC. Here we report a quantitative study of the shape and position of PIT filaments and RRP® sub-elements after rolling lengths of unreacted PIT and RRP® round wires to simulate cabling deformation. In the as-drawn condition, filament shape distortion occurs preferentially in the outer ring filaments. By contrast, rolling induces non-uniform shear bands that generate greater distortion of inner ring filaments. By making a full digitization of the shapes of all filaments, we find that a critical distortion occurs for thickness reductions between 10% and 20% when filament shapes in inner filament rings heavily degrade, especially in the vicinity of the strong 45° shear bands imposed by the rolling. It is well known that maintaining diffusion barrier integrity is vital to retaining adequate RRR in the stabilizing copper needed for magnet stability. Diffusion barrier breaks occur preferentially in these distorted inner filaments and drive local Sn leakage during reaction, increasing RRR degradation.
Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients with Renal Ectopia and Renal Fusion

Patients presenting with coexistent abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal ectopia or fusion abnormalities present a technical challenge to the vascular surgeon at the time of aortic aneurysm repair. The most common of these unusual renal conditions is horseshoe kidney, thought to occur in 0.25% of the population. Associated abnormalities in the number and distribution of renal arteries occur in three quarters of these patients and abnormalities of the renal collecting systems are also common. Because the renal blood supply may be asymmetric, division of the renal isthmus to allow aortic aneurysm exposure may be hazardous. Improvements in preoperative imaging modalities have facilitated the preoperative awareness of the aberrant renal anatomy. While en-dovascular aortic aneurysm exclusion may be feasible in some patients with appropriate renal anatomy and normal preoperative renal function, the sacrifice of renal arterial perfusion and the nephrotoxicity associated with contrast requirements may preclude this approach for others. However, using current open surgical techniques, including retroperitoneal exposure and renal preservation methods, safe aortic aneurysm repair with preservation of renal perfusion is now possible in the majority of patients with acceptable surgical risk.
Valproate-Associated Hepatotoxicity Update

Eight new fatalities from valproate (VPA)-related hepatotoxicity, 6 reversible cases, and a review of 132 fatal cases Worldwide are reported from various Universities in Germany.
Does case misclassification threaten the validity of studies investigating the relationship between neck manipulation and vertebral artery dissection stroke? No.

The purported relationship between cervical manipulative therapy (CMT) and stroke related to vertebral artery dissection (VAD) has been debated for several decades. A large number of publications, from case reports to case–control studies, have investigated this relationship. A recent article suggested that case misclassification in the case–control studies on this topic resulted in biased odds ratios in those studies. Given its rarity, the best epidemiologic research design for investigating the relationship between CMT and VAD is the case–control study. The addition of a case-crossover aspect further strengthens the scientific rigor of such studies by reducing bias. The most recent studies investigating the relationship between CMT and VAD indicate that the relationship is not causal. In fact, a comparable relationship between vertebral artery-related stroke and visits to a primary care physician has been observed. The statistical association between visits to chiropractors and VAD can best be explained as resulting from a patient with early manifestation of VAD (neck pain with or without headache) seeking the services of a chiropractor for relief of this pain. Sometime after the visit the patient experiences VAD-related stroke that would have occurred regardless of the care received. This explanation has been challenged by a recent article putting forth the argument that case misclassification is likely to have biased the odds ratios of the case–control studies that have investigated the association between CMT and vertebral artery related stroke. The challenge particularly focused on one of the case–control studies, which had concluded that the association between CMT and vertebral artery related stroke was not causal. It was suggested by the authors of the recent article that misclassification led to an underestimation of risk. We argue that the information presented in that article does not support the authors’ claim for a variety of reasons, including the fact that the assumptions upon which their analysis is based lack substantiation and the fact that any possible misclassification would not have changed the conclusion of the study in question. Current evidence does not support the notion that misclassification threatens the validity of recent case–control studies investigating the relationship between CMT and VAD. Hence, the recent re-analysis cannot refute the conclusion from previous studies that CMT is not a cause of VAD.
Leveraging BLE and social trust to enable mobile in situ collaborations

Collaborative computing, where co-located mobile devices collaborate to perform a large computing task has emerged as an important computing paradigm. Two key challenges in this paradigm are discovering nearby mobile devices that are willing to participate and establishing trusted connections. This paper presents a middleware layer called CoTrust that addresses these two important issues. CoTrust is comprised of a collaboration protocol for negotiation between a small group of co-located mobile devices over Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). It incorporates a trust model to enable collaborators to assess the trust level of a collaboration based only on their observed interactions on the social network with their peers. A prototype implementation of CoTrust on Android smartphones demonstrates its feasibility, energy efficiency as well as good performance.
An investigation of intelligent tires using multiscale modeling of cord-rubber composites

ABSTRACTA computational model based on the multiscale progressive failure analysis is employed to provide the theoretical predictions for damage development in the cord-rubber composites in tires. Vulcanized rubber, reinforcing belts, and carcass used in tire structures cause the anisotropic behavior under different loading conditions. Steel reinforcement layers made of steel wires combined with rubber complicate the macro-scale finite element modeling of tires. This paper presents a new three-dimensional model of the cord-rubber composite used in tires in order to predict the different types of damage including matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber failure based on the micro-scale analysis. Additionally, intelligent tires have the potential to be widely used to enhance the safety of road transportation systems, and this paper provides an estimation of the effects of void volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence of the cord-rubber composites on the acceleration profile of the tire ...
Geographic substructure in craniometric estimates of admixture for contemporary American populations.

Objectives This study investigates heterogeneity in craniometrically-derived estimates of admixture in order to reveal population substructure in a sample of Black, White, Hispanic, and Native American individuals from the FDB. It reports evidence of spatial trends in population-specific patterns of admixture and contextualizes its results in terms of demographic diversity in the United States. Materials and Methods The FDB was sampled to capture the population variation within forensic casework, skeletal collections, and the U.S. population-at-large. Individuals were selected for the availability of population identifier, sex, and geographic information. Variation in inferred admixture proportions was evaluated, per population and by sex, for evidence of geographic substructure. Comparative data was sourced from the U.S. Census. Results This analysis identifies significant associations between the estimated Black, Native American and White component memberships and place of birth and recovery. The sampled populations differ significantly in admixture proportions, in a systematic way. Admixture patterns vary in accordance with the densities and relative proportions of the U.S. census populations. Discussion There is considerable variation in admixture estimates, not just between, but notably within, all four of the populations. This substructure can be explained by differences in geography, including regions, divisions, and states. This article's findings agree with census trends and speak broadly to admixture dynamics and ancestral diversity among contemporary Americans. They are also specifically relevant to those cases in the FDB. The presence of subpopulations has implications for cranial research, forensic identification, and studies of biological variation in the United States.
The incorporation of rituximab (R) and liposomal doxorubicin (LD) into CODOX-m/IVAC for untreated Burkitt lymphoma (BL): Final results of a prospective multicenter phase II study.

8080 Background: Two-year survival rates remain 10 cm and 40% had bone marrow involvement. 24/25 pts were evaluable for toxicity and response. Therapy was completed at a median of 13 weeks (11-20) for HR pts and 10 weeks for LR (9-12). Myelosuppression (62% grade 4 thrombocytopenia,...
Abstract 5554: Metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer: a precision oncology approach

Lung cancers are among the most common invasive cancers worldwide and annually lead to high mortality and morbidity. Genomic alterations have been known to control the evolution of hallmarks of cancer in a dynamic way. These molecular alterations combined with epigenomic and post-genomic modifications contribute to formation of these neoplasms. Multiplicity of these changes has made development of personalized therapeutic regimens for these cancers a complex problem. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main mechanisms in progression of cancers. There have been efforts to model the metabolic reprogramming in cancer using metabolic networks of cancer cells, but there has been no computational framework to model these metabolic transitions in cancer for precision and personalized medicine. We have combined computational, mathematical and experimental methodologies to develop a platform for precision oncology in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by in silico models of metabolic switches. Our integrative analysis of genomic data from NSCLC has led to discovery of genomic signatures controlling metabolic reprogramming in NSCLC with KRAS mutations. This discovery was proved in vivo and in vitro using drugs blocking different metabolic pathways. We have shown that NSCLC cells and tumors which carry KRAS mutations and have these genomic signatures are addicted to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We have verified and proved the predictive value of these genomic signatures using Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) tumor models of NSCLC. We are developing a mathematical and computational framework to model these metabolic switches. Our platform is capable of using genomic data from a cell line or tumor to determine the metabolic dependency of them quantitatively and predict the optimized personalized treatments for modulating metabolic pathways aiming to control cancer progression. Citation Format: Iman Tavassoly, Ravi Iyengar. Metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer: a precision oncology approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5554. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5554
Integration of output tracking and trajectory generation via analytic left inversion

In this paper, an algorithm for the integration of output tracking and trajectory generation via analytic left inversion is provided. The first step is to identify an output path using a known trajectory generation algorithm, and then a spline approximation of the path is computed. The second step is to solve the output tracking problem by explicitly computing the left inverse of the input-output map of the system to render the Taylor series of the desired input for each polynomial section of the spline approximation. In practice, these infinite series must be truncated and executed over a finite interval of time, so the relationship between truncation, tracking error and execution time is characterized. A case study is presented involving the kinematics of a bi-steerable car.