cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Alveolar Hemorrhage in Wegener’s Granulomatosis

The authors describe massive, fatal alveolar hemorrhage in an 82-year-old woman in whom a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis was made at postmortem examination. A literature review revealed a total of 18 case reports of this entity that were described in sufficient detail to permit abstraction of clinical characteristics. When compared with a large series of patients with more "typical" Wegener's granulomatosis, patients with alveolar hemorrhage had more evidence of systemic vasculitis and glomerulitis and less evidence of upper airway disease. Alveolar hemorrhage was associated with greater than 50% mortality, reflecting in part, the fulminant nature of this complication of Wegener's granulomatosis. All survivors had been treated with cytotoxic agents; those who died had either no specific therapy or were treated either with corticosteroids alone or died before cytotoxic therapy could be expected to be effective. Wegener's granulomatosis should be in the differential diagnosis for patients who present with alveolar hemorrhage with or without renal failure. An aggressive diagnostic approach and the earliest possible administration of cytotoxic drugs in combination with corticosteroids offer the best chance of survival in this fulminant condition.
Protection of speciality Hungarian foodstuffs according to European requirements

Abstract Entering the final phase of the preparation for negotiations on EU accession, the main area of work of our department is the co-ordination of the adaptation of European legislation in the Hungarian agricultural and foodstuffs sectors. Our specific field is the assessment of the EU's horizontal and vertical foodstuffs quality provisions, and the elaboration of their possible application in Hungary. This paper focuses particularly on the scientific analysis of the adoption of EC provisions regarding speciality products that are of high importance from the point of view of the exportability of Hungarian foodstuffs.
Detection of spin coupling in iron nanoparticles with small angle neutron scattering

Aggregates of monodisperse iron-based nanoparticles were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. The field dependence of the scattering intensity showed marked differences for particles depending on size and degree of oxidation. The angular dependence of the intensity indicated magnetic regions within an oxidized sample with spins perpendicular to the applied field, which dominated the scattering at the diffraction peak. The unexpected results are interpreted in terms of an iron core that is exchange coupled to an iron oxide shell.
Earliest-known uniramous arthropod

THE earliest-known fully terrestrial animals are myriapods from the Upper Silurian of Britain1, and unnamed myriapod-like fossils have recently been reported from Lower Silurian marine deposits in Wisconsin2,3. Myriapod-like burrows in Upper Ordovician soils from Pennsylvania4 indicate the existence of earlier land animals. Here I report the discovery of a myriapod-like fossil from marine deposits in the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation of Utah that extends the record of myriapod-like body fossils back by approxia-mately 100 Myr. It thus represents the earliest-known uniramous arthropod, and may have special significance with respect to the ancestry of the terrestrial myriapods (centipedes and millipedes) and insects.
Digitally assisted data converter design

Modern CMOS technologies provide digital signal processing capabilities at high integration density and low energy per operation. Hence, expending digital resources to enhance performance-limiting analog building blocks has become a widely explored paradigm in modern ICs. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in digitally assisted data converter design and provides an overview of commonly used techniques.
Mercury Removal from Flue Gas with Particles Generated by SO3−NH3 Reactions

A lab-scale experimental apparatus was used to investigate mercury removal using particles generated from a simulated flue gas containing 10−40 ppb of gaseous elemental mercury at 178 °C. This operating temperature was chosen to represent the flue gas temperature after the air preheater in a typical power plant. The particles, mostly ammonium sulfates as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, were generated by the gas-phase reaction of SO3 and NH3 by maintaining 20−50 ppm SO3 with NH3/SO3 molar ratio of 2. The generated particles were captured by the glass-fiber filter which was also maintained at 178 °C. The results showed that as high as 49% of elemental mercury was captured by the particles.
On the history of humans as geomorphic agents

The human population has been increasing exponentially. Simultaneously, as digging sticks and antlers have given way to wooden plows, iron spades, steam shovels, and today’s huge excavators, our ability and motivation to modify the landscape by moving earth in construction and mining activities have also increased dramatically. As a consequence, we have now become arguably the premier geomorphic agent sculpting the landscape, and the rate at which we are moving earth is increasing exponentially. As hunter-gatherer cultures were replaced by agrarian societies to feed this expanding population, erosion from agricultural fields also, until recently, increased steadily. This constitutes an unintended additional human impact on the landscape.
Do People Exploit Their Bargaining Power? An Experimental Study*

Do people “play fair,” or do they exploit their bargaining power? This paper suggests that such questions may not be well posed. It studies two bargaining situations that are very similar from the point of view of current fairness/focal theories of behavior, but differ in their strategic aspects. Different behavior in the two cases and a tendency by subjects after the experiment to describe as “fair” what actually occurred are reported.
Guest Editors’ Introduction Global Perspectives on Gender and Carework: An Introduction

This issue of Gender & Society offers in-depth analyses of carework in a wide variety of circumstances and locations around the globe: Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, China, the Philippines, Spain, Taiwan, and the United States. In soliciting submissions for this issue, we asked not only for major, analytic papers but also for "perspectives" pieces that would acquaint readers with carework situations and issues from specific countries or regions. The purpose of our article is to introduce and situate these various contributions. First, we devote some attention to locating the study of gender and carework within the broader frame of globaliza- tion, pointing to the lack of social research on global carework issues. We note that the articles in this special issue highlight and demonstrate the wider applicability of several key concepts and theoretical observations drawn from the existing carework literature. These concepts and theoretical approaches, in turn, provide a basis for organizing and discussing each of the contributions. We end this article by pulling together the contents of the issue to identify three main conclusions. Despite the diversity of local contexts and sociocultural forces shaping the varieties of women's carework studied in these articles, there are a number of striking commonalities, particularly when examined in relation to recent feminist sociological research and writing on carework.
Assessment of Polishing-Related Surface Damage in Silicon Carbide

The subsurface damage generated by the polishing of silicon carbide crystals was investigated by measuring dislocation densities in sublimation grown SiC layers and through the use of high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Physical vapor transport growth on silicon carbide seeds, with a typical polishing finish using I μm diamond paste, leads to the nucleation of threading edge dislocations of density on the order of 10 7 cm -2 and threading screw dislocations of density on the order of 10 6 cm 2 . Chemical mechanical polishing lowered the dislocation density by four orders of magnitude for threading screw dislocations and two orders of magnitude for threading edge dislocations. Controlled high temperature hydrogen etching was used to determine the depth of damage produced by mechanical polishing and it was found to be 700 ± 300 A. Diffuse scattering from mechanically polished, chemical mechanically polished, and hydrogen etched SiC crystals were quantified by triple axis high-resolution X-ray diffraction, A consistent trend of decreasing diffuse scattering intensity was observed in mechanically polished, chemical mechanically polished, and hydrogen etched surfaces. Root mean squared (rms) roughness measurements of the surface finishes, obtained with atomic force microscopy, were in agreement with the high-resolution X-ray diffraction results. The mechanically polished surfaces had an rms roughness that was two to three times larger than the chemical mechanically polished surfaces.
Decay pathways and entry-state population in (α, xnγ) and (3He, xnγ) reactions on 150Nd

Abstract Exclusive neutron spectra and angular distributions have been measured by n-γ coincidence techniques for (α, x n γ) and ( 3 He , x n γ) reactions on 150 Nd in the 25–44 MeV range. The results show that pre-equilibrium processes dominate low-energy light-ion induced reactions at certain beam energies. Analysis of the yrast γ-ray cascades in the residual nuclei shows that a well-defined minimum entry-state spin exists in final nuclei populated by pre-equilibrium processes. This in turn implies the existence of a minimum classical impact parameter for these reactions. These results are discussed in terms of phenomenological models of the reaction mechanisms.
A comparison of the nuclear options for greenhouse gas mitigation in China and in the United States

China is quickly building up its nuclear power capacity while the hailed nuclear renaissance in the United States has been largely stagnant. The political and industrial structures explain the divergent paths. This paper draws lessons from the French experiences in deploying nuclear power and uses the lessons in comparing Chinese and U.S. policies. An authoritative political system and state-owned utility industry allow China to emulate the French approaches such as government-backed financing and broad-scale deployment with standardized design. The democratic political system and fragmented utility industry, and the laissez-faire ideology in the United States, on the other hand, are unfavorable to a nuclear renaissance. The prospect of a nuclear revival in the United States remains highly uncertain. As China builds up its nuclear industry, it will be able to reduce carbon emissions without a carbon price through a national plan to deploy low-carbon nuclear electricity, while the United States cannot implement a climate policy without a carbon price. American politicians should stop using China's lack of carbon cap as an excuse for postponing the legislation of a carbon price.
Evaluating Boundary Layer–Based Mass Flux Closures Using Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Deep Convection

Abstract High-resolution three-dimensional cloud resolving model simulations of deep cumulus convection under a wide range of large-scale forcings are used to evaluate a mass flux closure based on boundary layer convective inhibition (CIN) that has previously been applied in parameterizations of shallow cumulus convection. With minor modifications, it is also found to perform well for deep oceanic and continental cumulus convection, and it matches simulated cloud-base mass flux much better than a closure based only on the boundary layer convective velocity scale. CIN closure maintains an important feedback among cumulus base mass flux, compensating subsidence, and CIN that keeps the boundary layer top close to cloud base. For deep convection, the proposed CIN closure requires prediction of a boundary layer mean turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and a horizontal moisture variance, both of which are strongly correlated with precipitation. For our cases, CIN closure predicts cloud-base mass flux in deep convect...
Robust feature selection for object recognition using uncertain 2D image data

The use of a small set of features is recurrent in the object recognition literature. If the image data is perfect with no sensor uncertainty and there are not incorrect feature correspondences between the model and the image, then the pose of the object can be computed with no error using these few correspondences. However, in most real cases the noise in the data will propagate into the pose. Moreover, the extent of the effect of the uncertainty will depend on the selection of the correspondences used to compute it. In this paper we address the problem of how to select these correspondences so that the effect of the data uncertainty on the pose estimation is minimized. >
Therapeutic options in the treatment of tinea capitis

Tinea capitis is primarily a disease of pre-adolescent children. In North America and the UK, Trichophyton tonsurans is responsible for > 90% of cases. Microsporum canis is the predominant pathogen in certain parts of Europe. The standard of care for the treatment of tinea capitis is oral griseofulvin and so far, it remains the only medication approved by the US FDA for this condition. The newer oral antifungal agents, such as terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole, appear to be effective, safe and have the advantage of a shorter treatment duration. Although a significant number of clinical trials and reports have documented experience with terbinafine and itraconazole for the treatment of tinea capitis, it should be noted that only a few trials have been conducted utilising fluconazole. Both 2% ketoconazole and 1% selenium sulfide shampoos have been shown to reduce surface colony counts of dermatophytes in infected individuals, and these agents are often recommended for adjuvant therapy. This article ...
History in the Paranoic Mode

David Levine's provocative article poses a timely challenge to labor historians. It is timely for two reasons. First, he makes an ambitious attempt to integrate the ideas of Michel Foucault into working-class history?an attempt whose time has surely come. Second, he proposes a new grand narrative for labor history that deviates sharply from the usual epic mode?in which proletarians struggle heroically and repeatedly against overwhelming odds in an attempt to overcome the exploitative power of capitalism. Levine dismisses labor struggles, perhaps too hastily, as the epiphenomena of resistance. He writes in an ironic mode and focuses on what he calls "the toils of everyday life," by which he means primarily the politics and history of the proletarian family and education. He recounts not a continuing heroic quest, but the gradual cumulative fashioning of a Weberian "iron cage" that progressively incarcerates Foucauldian "docile bodies." In the current historical conjuncture, this new narrativization of labor history has a certain appeal. The numerical decline of the industrial proletariat, the sclerosis of Western labor movements, and the ossification and subsequent collapse of communism have made the implied Whiggism of standard labor history seem increasingly implausi ble, if not downright quaint. If, as I believe, history should help us understand how we arrived at the present, it seems self-evident that labor historians need to experiment with new grand narratives. Levine's narrative has much to offer, but I do not find it fully satisfactory. I like the turn from virtually exclusive concentration on work and work-related struggles to Foucault's problematic of "bio-power" and discipline, and to the politics of reproduction in families, schools, and bureaucracies. I also agree that historical demography, a perspective virtually ignored by labor historians, offers important insights. But if the standard grand narrative of labor history errs in its stubborn optimism, Levine's error is the opposite. The account he has fashioned in this arti cle repeatedly threatens to slip beyond a healthy irony into a kind of historical paranoia. The paranoic style should be recognizable to any reader of Foucault. Like many historians who have been influenced by Foucault's brilliant and agenda setting studies of discipline, sexuality, and institutions of surveillance, Levine adopts, perhaps unconsciously, some of Foucault's most characteristic and most questionable rhetorical strategies. First, in spite of some brave words to the
Phylogenetic Analyses and Characterization of RNase X25 from Drosophila melanogaster Suggest a Conserved Housekeeping Role and Additional Functions for RNase T2 Enzymes in Protostomes

Ribonucleases belonging to the RNase T2 family are enzymes associated with the secretory pathway that are almost absolutely conserved in all eukaryotes. Studies in plants and vertebrates suggest they have an important housekeeping function in rRNA recycling. However, little is known about this family of enzymes in protostomes. We characterized RNase X25, the only RNase T2 enzyme in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that RNase X25 is the major contributor of ribonuclease activity in flies as detected by in gel assays, and has an acidic pH preference. Gene expression analyses showed that the RNase X25 transcript is present in all adult tissues and developmental stages. RNase X25 expression is elevated in response to nutritional stresses; consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme has a housekeeping role in recycling RNA. A correlation between induction of RNase X25 expression and autophagy was observed. Moreover, induction of gene expression was triggered by oxidative stress suggesting that RNase X25 may have additional roles in stress responses. Phylogenetic analyses of this family in protostomes showed that RNase T2 genes have undergone duplication events followed by divergence in several phyla, including the loss of catalytic residues, and suggest that RNase T2 proteins have acquired novel functions. Among those, it is likely that a role in host immunosuppression evolved independently in several groups, including parasitic Platyhelminthes and parasitoid wasps. The presence of only one RNase T2 gene in the D. melanogaster genome, without any other evident secretory RNase activity detected, makes this organism an ideal system to study the cellular functions of RNase T2 proteins associated with RNA recycling and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, the discovery of gene duplications in several protostome genomes also presents interesting new avenues to study additional biological functions of this ancient family of proteins.
Expression of form I and form II Rubisco in chemoautotrophic symbioses: Implications for the interpretation of stable carbon isotope values

Invertebrate-chemoautotroph symbioses, in which the bacterial partner provides an internal source of autotrophically fixed carbon for its host, fall into two main groups based on previously reported stable carbon isotope ratios: those with 6l”C = -27 to -35%~1 (referred to as the - 3Oo/oo group) and those with V3C = -9 to - 16o/oo (referred to as the - 11%~ group). The 613C values of the -31X& group resemble those of free-living chemoautotrophic bacteria, suggesting the role of the symbionts in the nutrition of the bivalves; there is presently no satisfactory explanation for the 613C values of the - 1 1 ?& group. Immunological and enzyme inhibition data are presented demonstrating that the CO,-fixing enzyme expressed in representatives of the - 11% group is a form II ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), while a form I Rubisco is expressed in the - 30% symbioses. Previously reported in vitro del.erminations on purified Rubisco show that the form II enzyme from free-living bacteria has a smaller kinletic isotope effect with respect to CO, than does form I. Thus, the 13C-enriched stable carbon isotope signature observed in the intact - 1 lo/00 symbioses appears to be at least partially due to this diminished enzymatic discrimination. Symbioses between sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria and marine invertebrates are known to be important trophic adaptations for organisms living at the interface between chemically reducing and oxidizing environments (Fisher 1990; Childress and Fisher 1992; Cavanaugh 1994). Initially discovered in the giant hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila (Cavanaugh et al. 198 1; Felbeck 198 l), these symbioses have now been described in five phyla (see (Fisher 1990; Cavanaugh 1994)) from marine habitats as varied as hydrothermal vents, hypersaline cold seeps, tectonic subduction zones, and reducing sediments. The bacterial partners, which can occur as intracellular, extracellular, or epibiotic symbionts, are hypothesized to provide the host animal with a source of organic carbon fixed via chemosynthesis. Although the symbionts have not yet been cultured, physiological, ultrastructural, and enzymatic data support this hypothesis. Some of the most compelling evidence includes the co-occurence of ribulose- 1,5 -bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity with the presence of gram-negative bacteria in specific host tissues (Cavanaugh 1994). Rubisco catalyzes the initial carboxylation in the Calvin-Benson cycle and is found only in autotrophic organisms (Tabita 1988). The host animal is therefore provided with a source of
Circumferential Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis Implications for Plaque Rupture

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture may occur when regions of weakened extracellular matrix are subjected to increased mechanical stresses. Since collagen is a major determinant of extracellular matrix strength, enzymes that degrade collagen may play an important role in destabilizing the atherosclerotic lesion. To test the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase, or MMP-1), which initiates degradation of fibrillar collagens, colocalizes with increased stress in the fibrous cap of the atherosclerotic lesion, 12 unruptured human coronary lesions were studied. Finite-element analysis was used to determine the distribution of stress in the lesion, with estimates of material properties from previous measurements of human tissues. A computerized image analysis system was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive MMP-1 within the fibrous tissue of the lesion. There was a significant correlation between immunoreactive MMP-1 and circumferential tensile stress in the fibrous cap within a given lesion (median Spearman rank correlation coefficient, .36; interquartile range, -.02 to .81; P < .02). Within a given lesion, the highest-stress region had twofold greater MMP-1 expression than the lowest-stress regions. In unruptured human atherosclerotic coronary lesions, overexpression of MMP-1 is associated with increased circumferential stress in the fibrous plaque. Degradation and weakening of the collagenous extracellular matrix at these critical high-stress regions may play a role in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture and acute ischemic syndromes.
True and false allegations of sexual abuse in child custody disputes.

This paper describes a method of evaluating children referred for suspected sexual molestation based upon our current knowledge of the symptoms and sequelae associated with child sexual abuse. This evaluation is specifically designed to differentiate between “true” and “false” cases of sexual abuse. Important forensic issues are also discussed in order to prepare the clinician for the role of an expert witness in court. Case histories are presented which illustrate the typical problems and pitfalls encountered during these evaluations.
Structural insights into eukaryotic DNA replication

Three DNA polymerases of the B family function at the replication fork in eukaryotic cells: DNA polymerases α, δ, and e. DNA polymerase α, an heterotetramer composed of two primase subunits and two polymerase subunits, initiates replication. DNA polymerases δ and e elongate the primers generated by pol α. The DNA polymerase from bacteriophage RB69 has served as a model for eukaryotic B family polymerases for some time. The recent crystal structures of pol δ, α, and e revealed similarities but also a number of unexpected differences between the eukaryotic polymerases and their bacteriophage counterpart, and also among the three yeast polymerases. This review will focus on their shared structural elements as well as the features that are unique to each of these polymerases.
Building for Babbitt: The State and the Suburban Home Ideal

In his 1922 novel Babbitt, Sinclair Lewis introduced his main character, George Follansbee Babbitt, a realtor and member of the local planning board, by describing Babbitt's suburban residence. Paraphrasing contemporary house-plan publications, Lewis characterized the Dutch Colonial dwelling as at once “competent and glossy.” Babbitt's yard, “was perfection … his bathroom … porcelain and glazed tile and metal sleek as silver … and his bedroom … right out of Cheerful Modern Homes for Medium Incomes.” Indeed, his house “had the best of taste, the best of inexpensive rugs, a simple and laudable architecture, and the latest conveniences.”
The Effects of Soy Supplementation on Gene Expression in Breast Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study

Results Plasma isoflavones rose in the soy group (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P 2-fold) of cell cycle transcripts, including those that promote cell proliferation, such as FGFR2, E2F5, BUB1, CCNB2, MYBL2, CDK1, and CDC20 (P < .01). Soy intake did not result in statistically significant changes in Ki67 or Cas3. Conclusions Gene expression associated with soy intake and high plasma genistein defines a signature characterized by overexpression of FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation pathways. These findings raise the concerns that in a subset of women soy could adversely affect gene expression in breast cancer.
Effect of carbon black structure on the effectiveness of carbon black thermal interface pastes

Thermal pastes are needed for improving thermal contacts. The structure of carbon black, as described by the DBP value, governs the effectiveness of the black as a thermally conductive solid component in a thermal paste, as shown for pastes with a polyol ester vehicle. Carbon black with a lower DBP value (i.e., a lower structure) is more effective, as shown by a higher value of the thermal contact conductance measured across copper surfaces of roughness 15 μm. This is because a carbon black with a lower structure gives a smaller bond-line thickness, which is preferably less than 3 μm. In addition, this is because a lower structure gives a lower viscosity for the paste, thereby promoting conformability. The carbon black volume fraction has an optimum value for attaining maximum thermal conductance. A lower structure results in a higher value of the optimum carbon black volume fraction, due to the viscosity effect. For the same type of carbon black, this optimum is higher when the paste is tested between rougher surfaces. By using Tokaiblack #3800 carbon black (with DBP value 60 ml/g and optimum carbon black content 15 vol.%), a thermal paste that is more effective than the previously reported paste with Vulcan XC72 carbon black (with DBP value 188 ml/g and optimum carbon black content 2.4 vol.%) has been attained.
A dynamical system model of information flow on the battlefield

The dynamic model of situated cognition (DMSC) is a descriptive model of information processing and information flow on the battlefield. This model illustrates the relationship between technological systems and human perceptual and cognitive processes and provides an effective framework within which to view information flow in a complex system. This research applies dynamical system modeling and control theory approaches to model the DMSC mathematically, represent decision maker feedback as input to the mathematical model, and represent the process by which the enormous amount of collected information is filtered, fused, and reduced to the relatively small subset of information a decision maker ultimately sees, toward the end of making this process more effective and efficient. The end result is a computational model of the information flow process, enabling decision makers to assess strengths and weaknesses in information processing system design.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Associated with Olanzapine

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) associated with the use of olanzapine.CASE SUMMARY:A 67-year-old white man with bipolar disorder developed nausea and vomiting. After 12 days, he became confused, delirious, and manic. His only medications were olanzapine 10 mg/d and divalproex sodium 500 mg bid. He was admitted to a hospital and treated for dehydration and mania. Olanzapine was given on 6 of the first 7 hospital days. On hospital day 6, typical NMS developed with the body temperature increasing to 39.9 °C, obtundation, rigidity, tremor, diaphoresis, fluctuating pupillary diameter, labile tachycardia and hypertension, hypernatremia, and elevated serum creatine kinase. Olanzapine was stopped after hospital day 7, and the syndrome resolved by hospital day 12.DISCUSSION:The patient had all of the major manifestations of NMS. There was no other likely explanation for his illness and he received no other drug likely to be associated with the syndrome. This is the first case rep...
American College Students and the Protestant Work Ethic

The concept of the Protestant work ethic (PWE), originally proposed by Weber (1958), was examined in a study of 422 American college students. Although the PWE has been heavily studied, no definitive conclusions have been reached regarding its genesis and whether it is dispositional in nature or more heavily reliant on demographic variations. Mirels and Garrett's (1971) PWE Scale was used to measure the ethic. The authors hypothesized that older, graduate, and non-American students would express a greater belief in the ethic. The results indicated that it was the younger, undergraduate, and non-American students who expressed greater belief in the PWE.
Deliberative Democracy in Theory and Practice: Connecticut's Medicaid Managed Care Council

Despite calls for greater deliberation among citizens on public policy, we have little information about how existing deliberation is structured or how well it works. We examine Connecticut's effort to put public deliberation to work in Medicaid policy-making. Findings from our participant-observation study and in-person interviews with 100 participants in this process suggest some important qualifications to literature on public deliberation. Greater inclusion of diverse social groups from the target population is important, but this should not replace the inclusion of professional advocates since the latter are often more willing than citizen representatives to challenge policy experts on technical issues. Incorporating public deliberation into the process at an early stage is ideal, but deliberation during the later stages of policymaking (including during implementation) can still produce useful results. Finally, the style and purpose of deliberation can shape the range of topics on the agenda, so it ...
A Dual-Function UHV-Compatible Chamber for i) Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Oxidation, and ii) High-Temperature Rapid Thermal Processing of Si-Based Dielectric Gate Heterostructures

A combination of i) low-temperature, 300–400°C, plasma-assisted oxidation to form the SiO2/Si interfaces, and ii) 800°C rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition, RTCVD, to deposit SiO2 thin films have been used to fabricate gate-oxide heterostructures. This sequence separates SiO2/Si interface formation by the oxidation process from the deposition of the bulk oxide layer by RTCVD. These two processes were performed in situ and sequentially in a single-chamber, ultraclean quartz reactor system. We have studied the chemistry of the interface formation process by Auger electron spectroscopy, AES, and the electrical properties of MOS devices with Al electrodes by C-V techniques.
Whiteness as Property: Predatory Lending and the Reproduction of Racialized Inequality:

With the recent economic crisis in the USA, stories of homes lost to foreclosure are increasingly common. In this paper, we attempt to connect this present day problem to its historical roots in racial oppression. We examine 2004 data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database for racial disparities in lending. We find that African Americans are less likely than European Americans to receive loans from regulated lenders. We also find that regardless of lender type and income level, African Americans are more likely than European Americans to receive high priced loans. We argue that these racial differences in access to quality loans that allow for the acquisition of assets through home ownership are part of a historical trend of whiteness as property and undeserved enrichment and unjust impoverishment.
Application of Cold Punch Process and Edge Stretch Analysis to Eliminate Failure Conditions in Forming of Sheet Steels

Etude de deux situations d'estampage ou la rupture au cours du formage aurait pu etre evitee par une analyse des conditions limites de ductilite
Duodenal acid-induced gastric relaxation is mediated by multiple pathways.

In this study, we used an in vivo anesthetized rat model to investigate the mechanisms responsible for duodenal acid-induced inhibition of gastric motility. Intraduodenal infusion of HCl produced a...
Skin Temperature Biofeedback and Migraine Headaches A Double-Blind Study ~

To assess the relative contribution of specific and nonspecific effects of skin temperature biofeedback upon migraine headache, 11 migraine patients were taught to increase the temperature of their hand. Training to decrease the skin temperature of the hand served as a control for 12 other migraine patients. An additional 11 control subjects were not trained but kept records of migraine activity. Under carefully controlled double-blind procedures, migraine patients who learned to raise finger temperatures showed statistically significant and clinically therapeutic improvement during a 6-week follow-up period. However, they were not significantly better than those trained to lower finger temperatures, those who did not meet a learning criterion, or those receiving no training. While these groups did show some significant improvement when compared to subjects who learned to decrease finger temperature, the results are most parsimoniously explained through nonspecific rather than specific factors. The necessity of using double-blind procedures in evaluating therapeutic effectiveness is again stressed.
Distinct expression of heat shock and acute phase genes during regional hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

The hepatic response to injury is orchestrated by the expression of different gene groups (i.e., heat shock and acute phase). In the present study, the expression of heat shock and acute phase genes was analyzed in the context of a localized injury, regional hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Left and median liver lobes were subjected to 1 h of ischemia, whereas blood flow was maintained to the remainder of the organ. After the period of ischemia, the organ was reperfused, and samples of the ischemic and nonischemic liver were obtained at different time points during reperfusion. Expression of the heat shock gene, HSP 72, was detected only in the ischemic liver, whereas expression of the acute phase gene, beta-fibrinogen, and the interleukin-6-inducible gene, metallothionein, was maximally induced in the nonischemic liver and attenuated in the ischemic liver. To determine how the heat shock and acute phase responses were reprioritized during stress, expression of beta-fibronogen and HSP 72 was induced simultaneously in the same animal by administration of endotoxin and total body hyperthermia, respectively. Administration of endotoxin did not impede the expression of HSP 72; however, heat shock attenuated, but did not eliminate, the endotoxin-induced expression of beta-fibronogen. These observations suggest that the heat shock and acute phase responses are not mutually exclusive.
Analysis of the Results of Determining HBsAg,HBeAg and ALT in Physical Examination Personnel in Xishan District of Wuxi City

[Objective]To understand the carrying status of HBsAg in physical examination personnel in Xishan District of Wuxi City,to combine ALT and HBeAg to explore the correlation between HBV infection and abnormal liver function.[Methods]ELISA was adopted to test HbsAg;HBeAg was tested among some people with HBsAg positive,and automatic biochemical analyzer was used to test serum ALT simultaneously.[Results]Of 92 349 people,the carrying rate of HBsAg was 3.47% and gradually decreased year by year.There were significant differences between years(χ2= 8.046,P0.05).Among 1452 HBsAg positive cases,the abnormal ALT rate in HBeAg positive staff was 31.79%,which was significantly different with 14.10% in HBeAg negative staff.(χ2= 51.37,P0.05).[Conclusion]It is important to enhance the propaganda of protection knowledge of hepatitis B.HBsAg positive personnel should test HBV makers so as to judge the pathogenetic condition and infectiosity based on ALT.
Stepwise shortening: evidence and implications.

The observation that sarcomeres shorten in steps has proved controversial. On the one hand, the phenomenon implies that the contractile process cannot be based on a molecular mechanism that behaves in a random manner. The fact that the steps and pauses characterize the kinetics of large volumes of tissue implies that the elements comprising such volumes must stop and pause synchronously. On the other hand, since current contractile models do not anticipate synchronized behavior, there has been considerable speculation that the phenomenon might not be a genuine feature of contraction, but an instrument-based artifact. We present here a review of observations made with four methods that have been brought to bear on the question. All four show discrete, synchronized contractile behavior. The observation of steps with multiple independent methods implies either that each technique harbors its own “gremlin” that generates spurious steps and pauses of a similar nature, or that the phenomenon is genuine. Finally, some consistent properties of the distribution of step size are considered with respect to possible molecular models.
Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis

Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis is usually a consequence of keratitis, a penetrating injury to the globe, or eye surgery. Most cases are due to molds, especially Aspergillus species and Fusarium species. Candida species are much less likely than molds to cause exogenous endophthalmitis. Mold infections are more difficult to treat than Candida infections. Exogenous mold endophthalmitis usually requires therapy with intraocular antifungal agents, vitrectomy, and systemic antifungal agents. Voriconazole, given by intraocular injection and orally, has assumed an increasingly important role in treating exogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Voriconazole achieves excellent concentrations in the aqueous and vitreous, and most molds and Candida species are susceptible to this agent. In spite of the use of intraocular and systemic antifungal agents, outcomes for exogenous mold endophthalmitis are often poor.
THE REPLICATION OF THE DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA OF AN ANIMAL VIRUS DURING INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION

This chapter discusses the replication of the double-stranded DNA of an animal virus during intracellular multiplication. The study of the interactions of bacteriophages with their host bacterial cells has been one of the central thermes of modern biology. The chapter presents a study of pseudorabies (Pr) virus, known as Herpesvirus suis , a member of the herpes group of viruses that grows in a variety of animal cells, but particularly well in primary monolayer cultures of rabbit kidney (RK) cells. This virus was selected for a number of technical reasons that make Pr virus relatively easy to handle. Pr virus behaves like a virulent virus in cell culture and causes the destruction of the infected cells. This chapter reports some experiments that are concerned with the replication of the viral DNA in infected RK cells and with the factors controlling this replication. Although these experiments have revealed many similarities between the aspects of the infectious cycle in RK cells infected with Pr virus and in bacteria infected with one of the T-even phages, there are a number of interesting differences between the two systems.
Dying Is a Team Effort

Death is the end of a series of transitions. The time of dying is highly individualistic. Not all people have the opportunity or wish to plan their own funerals or celebration of life services. Whatever the circumstances or personal desires regarding the dying process, professional caregivers usually present grievers with choices regarding how their family member dies. Hospice provides an 11th hour companion to be with the patient to provide respite for family, or to be a companion when family cannot be physically present with the patient. Often older people may be in a hospital, nursing or group home and in the absence of family, they end up dying alone.
Too bored to stay awake

While the relationship between motivation and sleep is intuitive, its behavioral and neural features are poorly understood. A new study tackles both issues, showing that dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area mediate this relationship.
Affordable Care Organizations and Bundled Pricing : A New Philosophy of Care

Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Innovation was chartered to develop new models of health care delivery. The changes meant a drastic need to restructure the health care system. To minimize costs and optimize quality, new laws encourage continuity in health care delivery within an integrated system. Affordable care organizations provided a model of high-quality care while reducing costs. Bundled payments can have a substantial effect on the national expenditures. This article examines new developments in bundle payments, affordable care organizations, and gainsharing agreements as they pertain to arthroplasty.
Evaluation of Ash and Coal Response to Hybrid Polymeric Nanoparticles in Flotation Process: Data Analysis Using Self-Learning Neural Network

An artificial neural network was used to investigate the potential of using a novel polymer aid to produce clean coal concentrates in a fine clayey coal flotation process. Fine coal particl...
Review: Lack of social support reduces survival after first myocardial infarction

Source Citation Bucher HC. Social support and prognosis following first myocardial infarction. J Gen Intern Med. 1994 Jul;9:409-17.
Reduced implicate/implicant tries

The reduced implicate trie, introduced in [10], is a data structure that may be used as a target language for knowledge compilation. It has the property that a query can be processed in time linear in the size of the query, regardless of the size of the compiled knowledge base. This data structure can be used with propositional databases, where a query amounts to asking whether a clause is an implicate of a logical formula. In this paper, reduced implicant tries are investigated, and the dual question is addressed: determining the implicants of a formula. The main result is that a single trie -- the reduced implicate/implicant trie, with a structure that is similar to that of reduced implicate tries-- can serve dual roles, representing both implicates and implicants. As a result, there can be significant savings in both time and space.
Beer-trail maps and the growth of experiential tourism

A well-designed map can influence tourists’ activities, yet tourist maps and their designs remain under-examined in the cartographic literature. Today, many Americans are traveling to indulge in new food and drink experiences, which can potentially increase revenues in other related tourist amenities. Specifically, travel to craft breweries is increasing, and tourism agencies throughout North America promote beer trails. This study identified 100 beer trails promoted by official tourism agencies, inventoried how many of those trails’ marketing materials included a map, and evaluated those maps using Quantitative Content Analysis (QCA) for common design elements. The overall goal of the project was to determine if the maps featured only the breweries or if they promoted visiting additional experiential activities that contributed to the creation of a sense of place, and that in turn, may provide potential benefits to the travel destination. The results found that tourism agencies aggressively advertise local breweries, but the maps developed for beer trails significantly underutilize effective cartographic principles and do not promote other regional activities. Most trail maps were made with Google Maps, an effective tool for navigation, but one that often produced unbalanced layouts and did not use symbology to effectively emphasize tourist activities. Additionally, Google Maps tends to suggest travel on main roads or highways rather than smaller back roads that are more likely to host additional local activities. A limited number of maps were artistically designed to focus the viewer’s attention on the regional landscape and other available activities, but were designed in a highly generalized, cartoon-like style. Only two agencies mapped breweries along with suggested routes and additional activities using symbols, colors, fonts, and pictures appropriate for the age demographic of their market audience.
Recurrent hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia among U.S. adults with diabetes.

Abstract Aims Examine 30-day readmissions for recurrent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in a national cohort of adults with diabetes. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse for all adults with diabetes hospitalized January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2014 with a principal diagnosis of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. We examined the rates and risk factors of 30-day readmissions for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Results After 6419 index hypoglycemia hospitalizations, 1.2% were readmitted for recurrent hypoglycemia, 0.2% for hyperglycemia, and 8.6% for other causes. Multimorbidity was the strongest predictor of recurrent hypoglycemia. After 6872 index hyperglycemia hospitalizations, 4.0% were readmitted for recurrent hyperglycemia, 0.4% for hypoglycemia, and 5.4% for other causes. Recurrent hyperglycemia was less likely in older patients (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.9 for 45–64 vs. Conclusions Patients hospitalized for hyperglycemia are often readmitted for recurrent hyperglycemia, while patients hospitalized for hypoglycemia are generally readmitted for unrelated causes. Early recognition of high risk patients may identify opportunities to improve post-discharge management and reduce these events.