cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining an Optimal Set of Flesh Points on Tongue, Lips, and Jaw for Continuous Silent Speech Recognition

Articulatory data have gained increasing interest in speech recognition with or without acoustic data. Electromagnetic articulograph (EMA) is one of the affordable, currently used techniques for tracking the movement of flesh points on articulators (e.g., tongue) during speech. Determining an optimal set of sensors is important for optimizing the clinical applications of EMA data, due to the inconvenience of attaching sensors on tongue and other intraoral articulators, particularly for patients with neurological diseases. A recent study found an optimal set (tongue tip and body back, upper and lower lips) on tongue and lips for isolated phoneme, word, or short phrase classification from articulatory movement data. This four-sensor set, however, has not been verified in continuous silent speech recognition. In this paper, we investigated the use of data from sensor combinations in continuous speech recognition to verify the finding using a publicly available data set MOCHA-TIMIT. The long-standing speech recognition approach Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-hidden Markov model (HMM) and a recently available approach deep neural network (DNN)-HMM were used as the recognizers. Experimental results confirmed that the four-sensor set is optimal out of the full set of sensors on tongue, lips, and jaw. Adding upper incisor and/or velum data further improved the recognition performance slightly. Index Terms: silent speech recognition, deep neural network, hidden Markov model, electromagnetic articulograph, articulation, dysarthria
Serum adenosine deaminase activity in cancer.

SummarySerum deaminase activity was elevated in 15% of a group of 55 patients with proven cancer. Extent of elevation was shown to parallel tumor growth and clinical condition of patient. These findings are similar to those obtained for other serum enzymes.
Model Organism Commonly Used in Life Science Research

Model organisms are important materials for life science research.Currently,Bacteriophage,Escherichia coli,Sacharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,Drosophila melanogaster,Danio rerio,Mus musculus,Arabidopsis thaliana are widely recognized as model organisms for life science research.These model organisms have made significant contribution to the exploring of biological phenomena and human disease treat.Giving a system and brief introduction for the history,advantages,technical means,research focuses and development prospects of the eight model organisms commonly used in scientific research,so we can easily understand their important role in the development of life science research and great irreplaceable potential in the progress of life sciences and medical.
Transforming the body-only system into the body-plus-tool system

The traditional definitions of tool use typically operationalize the functionality of an object and the effect of its use on the environment and, typically, do not account for the dynamic relation among the body, task and environment that result in actions with a tool. This omission severely restricts the utility of these definitions for comparisons of tool use behaviour across individuals, populations and species. To address this issue, we propose an embodied theory of tool use based on the premise that a tool transforms the body-only system into the body-plus-tool system. It (1) explains the development of a tool use behaviour in terms of constraints on the development of tool use movements imposed by different features of the body, task and environment, (2) measures the dexterity of an actor in terms of the spatiotemporal organization of tool use movements that optimize at least one composite performance outcome variable and (3) measures the complexity in the use of a tool in terms of the control of the biomechanical degrees of freedom of the body-plus-tool system. Such an embodied theory of tool use is applicable across species, tasks and environments.
Nathanson quantum functional equations and the non-prime semigroup support solutions

In this paper, we solve a problem proposed by Melvyn Nathanson concerning the solutions to the the functional equations arising from multiplication of quantum integers, first studied by Nathanson, with field of coefficients $$\mathbb {Q}$$ and whose supports are not prime sub-semigroups of $$\mathbb {N}$$ . As a consequence, we also obtain results concerning the problem of maximal solutions to these functional equations.
Extracellular Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate in Obstructive Airway Diseases

In recent years, numerous studies have generated data supporting the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays a major role in obstructive airway diseases. Studies in animal models and human subjects have shown that increased amounts of extracellular ATP are found in the lungs of patients with COPD and asthma and that ATP has effects on multiple cell types in the lungs, resulting in increased inflammation, induction of bronchoconstriction, and cough. These effects of ATP are mediated by cell surface P2 purinergic receptors and involve other endogenous inflammatory agents. Recent clinical trials reported promising treatment with P2X3R antagonists for the alleviation of chronic cough. The purpose of this review was to describe these studies and outline some of the remaining questions, as well as the potential clinical implications, associated with the pharmacologic manipulation of ATP signaling in the lungs.
Coping with workplace minority stress: Associations between dyadic coping and anxiety among women in same-sex relationships

Sexual minorities are exposed to stressors in the workplace (workplace minority stress), which can be detrimental for well-being (e.g., levels of anxiety). The present study examined whether a particular set of relationship processes, dyadic coping, served to moderate the association between workplace minority stress and symptoms of anxiety. Using a dyadic sample of 64 female same-sex couples, we found that partner problem-focused supportive dyadic coping (DC) and emotion-focused supportive DC (marginally) buffered, whereas partner delegated DC and negative DC did not moderate, the association between workplace minority stress and symptoms of anxiety. Implications for relationship researchers and mental health practitioners are discussed.
Design and Launch of an Intensive Cybersecurity Program for Military Veterans

The demand for trained cybersecurity operators is growing more quickly than traditional programs in higher education can fill. At the same time, unemployment for returning military veterans has become a nationally discussed problem. We describe the design and launch of New Skills for a New Fight (NSNF), an intensive, one-year program to train military veterans for the cybersecurity field. This non-traditional program, which leverages experience that veterans gained in military service, includes recruitment and selection, a base of knowledge in the form of four university courses in a simultaneous cohort mode, a period of hands-on cybersecurity training, industry certifications and a practical internship in a Security Operations Center (SOC). Twenty veterans entered this pilot program in January of 2016, and will complete in less than a year's time. Initially funded by a global financial services company, the program provides veterans with an expense-free preparation for an entry-level cybersecurity job.
Managing I/O Interference in a Shared Burst Buffer System

In this work, we investigate the problem of inter-application interference in a shared Burst Buffer (BB) system. A BB is a new storage technology for HPC architectures that acts as an intermediate layer between performance-hungry HPC applications and the slow parallel file system. While the BB is meant to alleviate the problem of slow I/O in HPC systems, it is itself prone to performance degradation under interference. We observe that the magnitude of interference effects can reach a level that matters to the HPC system and the jobs that run on it. We investigate I/O scheduling techniques as a mechanism to mitigate BB I/O interference. With our results, we show that scheduling techniques tuned to BBs can control interference and significant performance benefits can be achieved.
Identity, authentication, and identifiers in digital government

Identity and identifiers are tightly linked when both are confirmed on paper. In a world of paper, verified pseudonyms and conditional anonymity are impossibilities. Assumptions based on the paper identity system lead to flawed decisions in modern uses of failure-prone identifiers. In this work the author begin by arguing that the use of the word "identity" masks important social and technical complexities in developing digital identifiers. The author describes how identity functions in a paper realm. The author uses the case of a traffic stop to illustrate how assertions of identity can increase rather than mitigate risks when the distinctions between identification, attribute verification and identity are confused. The author concludes that that an identity system is not useful for threat management in a high risk situation, when there is no opportunity for enrollment and verification.
Vapor pressure measurements on mixtures of LiF, NaF, and BeF2

Knowledge of the vapor pressure of fluoride salts is necessary in order to assess the suitability of these salts as a liquid first wall for fusion energy schemes. A combination of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Knudsen Cell Mass Spectrometry (KCMS) was used to characterize the vapor phase above mixtures of LiF, NaF, and BeF2. The scope was limited to mixtures containing between 0.3 and 0.9 mole fraction BeF2. Measurements were performed on pure BeF2 as well as the binary systems of LiF-BeF2 and NaF-BeF 2. For BeF2, values of DeltaHvap were obtained by TGA and KCMS; and the vapor pressure was measured using TGA. Results were in agreement with literature values within experimental uncertainty. KCMS on the binary and ternary systems showed that the vapor phase was composed primarily of BeF2, and to a lesser extent the mixed dimers LiBeF3 and NaBeF3. Data for the binary systems were in agreement with the available literature sources. The ternary system was treated as a pseudobinary system by fixing the ratio of LiF to NaF. Data for both the ternary and binary systems were correlated in terms of the BeF2 activity coefficient
Observations and 3D hydrodynamics-based modeling of decadal-scale shoreline change along the Outer Banks, North Carolina

Abstract Long-term decadal-scale shoreline change is an important parameter for quantifying the stability of coastal systems. The decadal-scale coastal change is controlled by processes that occur on short time scales (such as storms) and long-term processes (such as prevailing waves). The ability to predict decadal-scale shoreline change is not well established and the fundamental physical processes controlling this change are not well understood. Here we investigate the processes that create large-scale long-term shoreline change along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, an uninterrupted 60 km stretch of coastline, using both observations and a numerical modeling approach. Shoreline positions for a 24-yr period were derived from aerial photographs of the Outer Banks. Analysis of the shoreline position data showed that, although variable, the shoreline eroded an average of 1.5 m/yr throughout this period. The modeling approach uses a three-dimensional hydrodynamics-based numerical model coupled to a spectral wave model and simulates the full 24-yr time period on a spatial grid running on a short (second scale) time-step to compute the sediment transport patterns. The observations and the model results show similar magnitudes (O(105 m3/yr)) and patterns of alongshore sediment fluxes. Both the observed and the modeled alongshore sediment transport rates have more rapid changes at the north of our section due to continuously curving coastline, and possible effects of alongshore variations in shelf bathymetry. The southern section with a relatively uniform orientation, on the other hand, has less rapid transport rate changes. Alongshore gradients of the modeled sediment fluxes are translated into shoreline change rates that have agreement in some locations but vary in others. Differences between observations and model results are potentially influenced by geologic framework processes not included in the model. Both the observations and the model results show higher rates of erosion (∼−1 m/yr) averaged over the northern half of the section as compared to the southern half where the observed and modeled averaged net shoreline changes are smaller (
School-based multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS): An introduction to MTSS for neuropsychologists.

ABSTRACTWhen completing pediatric neuropsychological evaluations, it is important for clinicians to incorporate data from children’s school environments. Today, the educational data available to neuropsychologists have resulted from the utilization of multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) within schools; however, practitioners may lack knowledge and/or training in this school-based approach to assessment and intervention. Better understanding of MTSS may aid pediatric neuropsychologists in their interpretation and use of educational data commonly provided by schools. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of school-based MTSS and explain how knowledge about MTSS can inform neuropsychological evaluations. Specifically, practical implications for record reviews, recommendation development, and consultation with schools will be discussed.
Abstract 225: Loss of Either Renal or Systemic ACE2 contributes to the Hypertensive Response to Chronic Angiotensin II

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a monocarboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II (AngII). ACE2 is broadly expressed in cardiovascular tissues, with highest expression in the kidney. We have previously shown that mice with targeted deletion of the Ace2 gene have an exaggerated response to AngII-induced hypertension (HTN) associated with elevated renal AngII levels. Based on these findings, we now hypothesize that ACE2 in the kidney decreases AngII levels and is therefore responsible for its anti-hypertensive effects. To test this, we utilized renal cross-transplantation to eliminate ACE2 specifically from the kidney or all other tissues. We studied male ACE2 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates on (C57BL/6 x 129/SvEv)F 1 background. Kidney transplants were performed to generate four experimental groups: 1) wild-type, 2) renal ACE2 KO, 3) systemic ACE2 KO, and 4) global ACE2 KO. All kidney function was provided entirely by the single transplanted kidney. After baseline measurements, mice were infused with AngII (1000ng/kg/min) chronically for two weeks while mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) were measured with radiotelemetry. There were no significant differences in baseline MAPs among groups. Similar to our prior study, the response to AngII infusion was exaggerated in mice with global ACE2 deficiency compared to WT control mice (152±6 vs.144±7 mmHg; p =0.03, n=10). However, the presence of ACE2 in either the kidney or systemic tissues restored MAPs to levels similar to that of the WT group (renal ACE2 KO 140±7mmHg, p
Copper deposition in focal nodular hyperplasia and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma.

Aims To examine copper deposition in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHA) and to determine if it can play a role in their differentiation. Methods 28 FNHs and 19 IHAs from surgical resections showing typical morphological and immunohistochemical features were stained with rhodanine to evaluate for copper deposition. Histological features such as nodularity, fibrous bands, ductular proliferation, steatosis, ballooned hepatocytes and lymphocytic inflammation were also scored. Results Copper deposition was detected in 96% (27/28) of FNHs and 37% (7/19) of IHAs, P 0.05, for all). In FNH, the presence and degree of copper deposition was not significantly associated with any histological features (P>0.05, for all). Conclusions Copper deposition occurs more frequently in FNH (96%) than IHA (37%), P
How well can global chemistry models calculate the reactivity of short-lived greenhouse gases in the remote troposphere, knowing the chemical composition

Abstract. We develop a new protocol for merging in situ measurements with 3-D model simulations of atmospheric chemistry with the goal of integrating these data to identify the most reactive air parcels in terms of tropospheric production and loss of the greenhouse gases ozone and methane. Presupposing that we can accurately measure atmospheric composition, we examine whether models constrained by such measurements agree on the chemical budgets for ozone and methane. In applying our technique to a synthetic data stream of 14 880 parcels along 180 ∘ W, we are able to isolate the performance of the photochemical modules operating within their global chemistry-climate and chemistry-transport models, removing the effects of modules controlling tracer transport, emissions, and scavenging. Differences in reactivity across models are driven only by the chemical mechanism and the diurnal cycle of photolysis rates, which are driven in turn by temperature, water vapor, solar zenith angle, clouds, and possibly aerosols and overhead ozone, which are calculated in each model. We evaluate six global models and identify their differences and similarities in simulating the chemistry through a range of innovative diagnostics. All models agree that the more highly reactive parcels dominate the chemistry (e.g., the hottest 10 % of parcels control 25–30 % of the total reactivities), but do not fully agree on which parcels comprise the top 10 %. Distinct differences in specific features occur, including the spatial regions of maximum ozone production and methane loss, as well as in the relationship between photolysis and these reactivities. Unique, possibly aberrant, features are identified for each model, providing a benchmark for photochemical module development. Among the six models tested here, three are almost indistinguishable based on the inherent variability caused by clouds, and thus we identify four, effectively distinct, chemical models. Based on this work, we suggest that water vapor differences in model simulations of past and future atmospheres may be a cause of the different evolution of tropospheric O 3 and CH 4 , and lead to different chemistry-climate feedbacks across the models.
Exact Solutions to the Wave Equation

This chapter discusses the exact solutions to the wave equation. It is applicable to the n -dimensional wave equation. It yields an explicit solution in terms of an integral. An exact formula is available for the n -dimensional wave equation u tt = ∇ 2 u . The n -dimensional wave equation ∂ 2 u /∂ t 2 = ∇ 2 u = ∂ 2 u /∂ x 1 2 + … + ∂ 2 u / ∂ x n 2 with the initial data u (0 , x ) = f ( x ) , u t (0 , x ) = g ( x ), has two different forms of the solution, depending on whether c is even, or odd. The example of string stretched in the shape of a sine wave and then released from rest will have the amplitude u ( x,t ) is also given.
Inactivation of enzymes by activated human neutrophils.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses inactivation of enzymes by activated human neutrophils. The inactivation of bacterial enzymes may be functionally important in host defense against bacterial infection. Mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes are scavenger cells in higher organisms that are capable of ingesting and killing large numbers of bacteria. Activated oxygen species generated during the respiratory burst are readily diffusible and are presumably involved in target cell damage and cell death. Activated neutrophils can inactivate glutamine synthetase in intact E. coli ; this inactivation is accompanied by an increase in DNPH reactivity of the preparation. Pyruvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase are inactivated in PMA-stimulated cells, whereas negligible inactivation occurs in unstimulated cells.
Lessons from Rodent Models for Genetic and Age-Related Hearing Loss

This chapter compares the six most heavily studied rodent models with regard to hearing-in-aging and the availability of mutant lines that recapitulate human genetic hearing loss. Four of the six models are available only as outbreds, and much of that work has been based on genetically nonstandard animals of unclear origin. Some of these (guinea pigs and chinchillas) may no longer resemble their wild counterparts. Some results from outbred models may not be reproducible, since it may be impossible for experimenters to know if they are testing the same genetic models. Likewise, engineered or induced mutations onto outbred lines may not be productive because characterization can be confounded by variable and unknown modifier genes. Naturally arising coat color-related mutations may influence hearing through an absence of melanin or melanocytes. These lines may not be commercially available, however. Hamsters are not well described with respect to detailed hearing or aging studies. Gerbils, guinea pigs, and chinchillas are well explored both as general hearing models and as aging models. Inbred mice and rats have become the primary models for most research over the last 20 years. Inbred models offer a high degree of genetic standardization and reproducibility of results. Their short lifespans and the availability of lines with progressive hearing loss have made mice and rats popular for aging research. They also foster transgenic methods and gene discovery, but mice and rats may not be optimal for studies that require low-frequency hearing or readily accessible inner ear fluid spaces.
Stimulus for land grabbing and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

We assessed the impact on the Brazilian Amazon of a 2017 land law that reinforces a mechanism for acquiring land rights historically linked to deforestation, since land grabbers clear the forest to signal land occupation and claim land rights. In particular, we assessed two significant potential impacts: (i) the loss of government revenue due to the sale of public land below market prices and (ii) the risk of future deforestation and associated CO2 emissions in 19.6 million hectares allocated to expand land privatization. The short-term revenue loss ranges from U$ 5 to 8 billion for 8.6 million hectares; the future revenue loss ranges from U$ 16.7 to 23.8 billion for 19.6 million hectares; and between 1.1 and 1.6 million hectares would risk being deforested until 2027, which could emit 4.5–6.5 megatonnes of CO2. The Brazilian government should review the decision about this area allocation; prioritize land allocation for conservation and, if selling part of this area, charge market prices.
Edge Exclusion Tests for Improper Complex Gaussian Graphical Model Selection

We consider the problem of inferring the conditional independence graph (CIG) of improper complex-valued Gaussian vectors. A $p$ -variate improper complex Gaussian graphical model associated with an undirected graph with $p$ vertices is defined as the family of improper complex Gaussian distributions that obey the conditional independence restrictions implied by the edge set of the graph. For real random vectors, considerable body of paper exists where one first tests for exclusion of each edge from the saturated model, and then infers the CIG. Prior work on proper complex Gaussian graphical models is sparse, while that on improper complex Gaussian graphical models is non-existent. In this paper, we propose and analyze a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based edge exclusion test statistic for improper complex Gaussian graphical models. The null distribution of the test statistic is specified explicitly to allow analytical calculation of the test threshold. An alternative computationally fast version of the GLRT statistic is also derived. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the proposed statistic.
Thermotectonic History of the Kluane Ranges and Evolution of the Eastern Denali Fault Zone in Southwestern Yukon, Canada

NSF-EAR National Science Foundation (NSF) [1419828]; Geological Society of America graduate student research grant; Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey
When Religion Meets New Media

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Understanding Religious Communities Responses to Media 2. Religious Communities and the Internet 3. Considering How Religious Communities Construct Technology 4. History & Tradition: How History and Tradition Shape Religious Communities Approach to New Media 5. Core Values: How Community Values Construct a Basis for Responding to Technology 6. Negotiating with New Media: To Accept, Reject or Reconfigure? 7. Communal Discourse: How Religious Communities Talk about new Media 8. Studying the Religious Culturing of New Media: The Case of the Kosher Cell Phone 9. Conclusion
Association of Family Ratings of Quality of End-of-Life Care With Stopping Dialysis Treatment and Receipt of Hospice Services.

Importance Approximately 1 in 4 patients receiving maintenance dialysis for end-stage renal disease eventually stop treatment before death. Little is known about the association of stopping dialysis and quality of end-of-life care. Objectives To evaluate the association of stopping dialysis before death with family-rated quality of end-of-life care and whether this association differed according to receipt of hospice services at the time of death. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study included data from 3369 patients who were treated with maintenance dialysis at 111 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers and died between October 1, 2009, to September 30, 2015. Data set construction and analyses were conducted from September 2017 to July 2019. Exposure Cessation of dialysis treatment before death. Main Outcomes and Measures Bereaved Family Survey ratings. Results Among 3369 patients included, the mean (SD) age at death was 70.6 (10.2) years, and 3320 (98.5%) were male. Overall, 937 patients (27.8%) stopped dialysis before death and 2432 patients (72.2%) continued dialysis treatment until death. Patients who stopped dialysis were more likely to have been receiving hospice services at the time of death than patients who continued dialysis (544 patients [58.1%] vs 430 patients [17.7%]). Overall, 1701 patients (50.5%) had a family member who responded to the Bereaved Family Survey. In adjusted analyses, families were more likely to rate overall quality of end-of-life care as excellent if the patient had stopped dialysis (54.9% vs 45.9%; risk difference, 9.0% [95% CI, 3.3%-14.8%];P = .002) or continued to receive dialysis but also received hospice services (60.5% vs 40.0%; risk difference, 20.5% [95% CI, 12.2%-28.9%];P Conclusions and Relevance This survey study found that families rated overall quality of end-of-life care higher for patients who stopped dialysis before death or continued dialysis but received concurrent hospice services. More work to prepare patients for end-of-life decision-making and to expand access to hospice services may help to improve the quality of end-of-life care for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Non-octupole origin of the 51- state in 144Nd.

The origin of the ${5}_{1}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ state of $^{144}\mathrm{Nd}$ is investigated by means of the inelastic scattering of 35 MeV protons. The experimental data demonstrate that this state does not arise from the coupling of quadrupole and octupole vibrations. This results raises questions regarding the origin of low lying negative parity states in $^{146}\mathrm{Nd}$.
Development and validation testing of a weight management nutrition knowledge questionnaire for adults

Because no validated tool exists to assess nutrition knowledge regarding weight management we developed and tested the Weight Management Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (WMNKQ). The questionnaire assesses nutrition knowledge in these categories: energy density of food, portion size/serving size, alcohol and sugar sweetened beverages, how food variety affects food intake, and reliable nutrition information sources. In total 60 questions were reviewed by 6 experts for face validity and quantitative analysis was used to assess item difficulty, item discrimination, internal consistency, inter-item-correlation, test-retest reliability, construct validity, criterion validity, and convergent validity. The final WMNKQ contained 43 items. Experts removed 3 of the original 60 questions and modified 41. Eighteen items did not meet criteria for item difficulty, item discrimination, and/or inter-item correlation; 4 were retained. The WMNKQ met criteria for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88), reliability (test-retest correlation ρ = 0.90, P < 0.0001), construct validity (known groups comparison) - dietitians scored 16% better (p < 0.0001) than information technology workers, and criterion validity (pre- to post-intervention improvement in knowledge scores = 11.2% (95% CI 9.8–12.5, p < 0.0001)). Participants younger than age 55 scored significantly better than those over age 55 (convergent validity). The WMNKQ measures how well nutrition principles of weight management are understood.
Prosthetic Joint Infections

Prosthetic joint implantation is among the most remarkable advances in surgery and medicine to occur during the last three decades. Five hundred seventy-eight cases of total hip and total knee prosthetic arthroplasty infections seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 1997 were classified as definite infections according to a strict case definition. The clinical presentation of prosthetic joint infection is highly variable, ranging from the syndrome of acute septic arthritis with the sudden onset of joint pain, erythema, swelling, fever, and systemic symptoms to a syndrome of indolent loosening and chronic pain, which is difficult to distinguish from aseptic loosening on the basis of symptoms and clinical examination alone. This chapter discusses the utility of various diagnostic tests used to diagnose prosthetic joint infection. For patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty, pathological examination of intraoperative frozen sections is useful in selected cases to detect infection. Antimicrobial therapy without concomitant surgical intervention is not considered standard therapy for prosthetic joint infection. The oral antibiotic used for chronic suppression should be chosen based on susceptibility test results, long-term tolerability, and cost. Antimicrobial prophylaxis has been utilized traditionally in operative procedures that have a high rate of postoperative wound infection, when foreign materials must be implanted, or in operative procedures in which the wound infection rate is low but the development of a wound infection would result in a catastrophic event.
Elusive Enterobacter cloacae causing pacemaker endocarditis

An 80-year-old patient was admitted for fever, chills, and chest wall pain. He had a past medical history significant for heart failure with a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker implantation. Extensive workup revealed Enterobacter cloacae endocarditis of the pacemaker leads and the mitral valve, a rare etiology with an unidentified source in our patient. He was managed with a rather unconventional method which proved to be successful. This case sheds light on non-HACEK (other than Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, or Kingella spp). gram-negative organisms, and particularly E. cloacae, as uncommon causes of endocarditis with elevated mortality, and discusses potential treatment modalities.
Posterior Glenoid Dysplasia as a Secondary Finding to Labrum Tear and Subscapularis Strain: A Case Study

The purpose of this disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate baseball pitcher suffering from a SLAP lesion and supraspinatus strain that may have been the result of posterior glenoid dysplasia. Despite gross instability and glenohumeral external rotation weakness, the patient was initially able to continue to pitch. While posterior glenoid dysplasia has been described in literature, there have not been studies that have evaluated soft tissue changes that may be associated with this bony morphology abnormality. In this case, the patient reported to the athletic training staff complaining of pain, tightness, and a “clunking” sensation in and around his glenohumeral joint. The patient reported right shoulder pain being worse following pitching, but not experiencing symptoms during the act of pitching. The patient was initially treated with cupping, and therapeutic exercise, and was able to continue pitching. As the season progressed, the patient reported needing increasingly longer time to recover from pitching outings. The patient continued to present with a positive O’Brien’s test, weakness with internal and external rotation, and visible scapular protraction at rest. Upon referral to the team physician, x-rays were ordered to evaluate for bony pathology. The patient was diagnosed with posterior glenoid dysplasia and referred for MRI arthrogram. This imaging revealed a labrum tear and subscapularis strain. The patient was referred for surgery, at which time a labrum and subscapularis debridement, and subacromial bursectomy were performed. The patient was then instructed to follow up with the athletic training staff to initiate therapeutic exercise as prescribed by the attending surgeon. When evaluating glenohumeral weakness and instability, the clinician must consider bony abnormality as a potential factor. If initial treatment attempts do not result in improvements, the clinician must exhaust all diagnostic options to determine the exact nature of the offending pathology.
Natural Language Processing for comprehensive service composition in cloud manufacturing systems

Abstract Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is a relatively new manufacturing paradigm which promotes easier collaboration among geographically-dispersed manufacturers. Various manufacturing resources can be shared via cloud manufacturing platform as services. The efficacy of such resource sharing and thus collaboration in this service-oriented mode of manufacturing is highly dependent to the efficiency of underlying mechanisms used for processing these services. Activities such as service matching, service retrieval, service composition and optimal selection, and service scheduling are among the most critical of those service processing mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce and implement a comprehensive service composition and optimal selection (SCOS) technique that takes advantage of a real-world manufacturing capability dataset, deep learning models as well as Word2Vec technique to retrieve appropriate candidate sets for each submitted manufacturing subtask in the cloud manufacturing platform. Then, a genetic algorithm is implemented to obtain a near-optimal composite service that achieves the highest Quality of Service (QoS). A series of experiments were conducted to prove the feasibility and efficacy of the approach and results were presented.
A comparison of particle size distribution and morphology data acquired using lab-based and commercially available techniques: Application to stainless steel powder

Abstract The particle size distribution (PSD) and particle morphology of metal powders undoubtedly affects the quality of parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM). It is, therefore, crucial to accurately know the PSD and morphology of these powders. There exist several measurement techniques for these quantities, but since each method is based on different physical phenomena, which are sensitive to different aspects of a particle's shape and size, it is unclear how the measured PSDs and morphology compare to one another. In this study, five different techniques are used: sieve analysis, dynamic imaging analysis, laser diffraction analysis, X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and scanning electron microscopy. The first three are commonly used in the powder metallurgy field while the last two are laboratory-based tools capable of providing robust size and shape data. Nominally identical samples of stainless-steel powders were produced via riffling, and each technique was employed to measure effectively the same PSD and in some cases the morphology. In this paper, the differences among these measurement techniques are explored by a comparison of the measured results. Besides the random variations of the various measurement processes, the difference in the results is partly due to the fact that the particles are not perfectly spherical and that there are many multi-particles present. Each of these affect the principle of each method differently. Three-dimensional particle morphology and size data collected via XCT is used to provide insight regarding the discrepancies among other sizing and morphology measurement techniques. (Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.)
T-cells and B-cells in osteoporosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone disease is a leading cause of fractures and continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As the underlying mechanisms of osteoporosis are elucidated, immune dysfunction continues to emerge as a key precipitating factor in multiple bone disease contexts. This review examines recent findings in the osteoimmunology field and their implications for bone disease and for novel future therapeutic approaches to rejuvenate the skeleton. RECENT FINDINGS T-cells and B-cells have long been recognized to play important roles in the etiology of inflammatory bone disease; however, new findings continue to challenge our understanding of the depth of the immuno-skeletal interface. In this review, we examine recent evidence for new roles of B-cells in oestrogen deficiency bone loss; central actions of interleukin-7 in the cause of T-cell mediated tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis; novel RANKL-independent alveolar bone loss in periodontal infection; and a putative role for γδ T-cells in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Finally, evidence for novel bone anabolic activities mediated through T-cells by the CD28 antagonist CTLA-4Ig and by intermittently administered parathyroid hormone are examined. SUMMARY As the field of osteoimmunology continues to mature, new interrelationships between immune cells and bone turnover continue to emerge.
Analysis of communication requirements for new and emerging FAA enterprise systems

Many new Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) enterprise systems are planned to emerge over the next few years in support of efforts to modernize the National Airspace (NAS) for the Free Flight initiative. This paper describes activities at MITRE/CAASD, to study the communications requirements of these enterprise systems and how their introduction into the NAS might affect FAA wide area network (WAN) communications.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequence Losses in a Stable Streptococcal L Form

A portion of the deoxyribonucleic acid sequences present in Streptococcus faecalis were absent in its stable L form. The remaining sequences were common to both forms.
Distributed estimation in the presence of correlated noises

We propose a method for distributed sequential estimation in the presence of correlated noises. At each time slot, a node exchanges information with its neighbors and then updates the estimate by using the received information from its neighbors and its local observation. It is assumed that the noises have the Markov property with respect to the network topology. A doubly stochastic matrix for combining information from the nodes is employed to average the sufficient statistics over the network. We show that the performance of the proposed method converges to that of the centralized optimal estimator as the iterations go on. Therefore, our algorithm approaches the Cramer-Rao bound asymptotically.
Leading roles for reference librarians in institutional repositories: One library's experience

Purpose – Aims to describe one academic health science center library's experience with expanding reference librarian leadership roles in implementing institutional repository initiatives.Design/methodology/approach – The institutional repository project development phases are briefly documented. The rationale for selecting reference librarians to lead the initiative and resultant role changes is discussed.Findings – Reference librarians are strategically placed to promote and administer institutional repository initiatives successfully. The professional challenge rests in reference librarians' readiness to become scholarly publishing change agents.Practical implications – This case study documents a successful approach to incorporating institutional repository projects into existing library roles in addition to providing new leadership opportunities for reference librarians.Originality/value – Reference librarian roles in institutional repository projects and the evolution of organizational roles are not...
Matrigel Mattress: A Method for the Generation of Single Contracting Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Rationale: The lack of measurable single-cell contractility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) currently limits the utility of hiPSC-CMs for evaluating contractile performance for both basic research and drug discovery. Objective: To develop a culture method that rapidly generates contracting single hiPSC-CMs and allows quantification of cell shortening with standard equipment used for studying adult CMs. Methods and Results: Single hiPSC-CMs were cultured for 5 to 7 days on a 0.4- to 0.8-mm thick mattress of undiluted Matrigel (mattress hiPSC-CMs) and compared with hiPSC-CMs maintained on a control substrate (<0.1-mm thick 1:60 diluted Matrigel, control hiPSC-CMs). Compared with control hiPSC-CMs, mattress hiPSC-CMs had more rod-shape morphology and significantly increased sarcomere length. Contractile parameters of mattress hiPSC-CMs measured with video-based edge detection were comparable with those of freshly isolated adult rabbit ventricular CMs. Morphological and contractile properties of mattress hiPSC-CMs were consistent across cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs generated independently at another institution. Unlike control hiPSC-CMs, mattress hiPSC-CMs display robust contractile responses to positive inotropic agents, such as myofilament calcium sensitizers. Mattress hiPSC-CMs exhibit molecular changes that include increased expression of the maturation marker cardiac troponin I and significantly increased action potential upstroke velocity because of a 2-fold increase in sodium current ( I Na). Conclusions: The Matrigel mattress method enables the rapid generation of robustly contracting hiPSC-CMs and enhances maturation. This new method allows quantification of contractile performance at the single-cell level, which should be valuable to disease modeling, drug discovery, and preclinical cardiotoxicity testing. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-25}
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS, ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS, AND ENCAPSULATION ON THE STABILITY OF FISH AND FLAXSEED OILS: ASSESSMENT BY FLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Ease of use and oxidative stability of fish and flaxseed oils were improved by encapsulation and antioxidants. The oils, containing various levels of vitamin E, rosmarinic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid, plus carnosic acid and ascorbyl palmitate for fish oil, were encapsulated and tested weekly for 8 weeks by a front-face ratiometric fluorometric method applied to both powders and volatile-reacting polyamide plates. Regression analysis of fluorescence ratio versus time was used to calculate induction times and oxidation rate; significance of inhibition was additionally determined at each pull. Encapsulation increased the stability of both oils, most significantly for flaxseed oil. Encapsulated fish oil stability was increased by all antioxidants, most significantly by carnosic acid. Encapsulated unsupplemented flaxseed oil was more stable than fish oil, but its stability was diminished by most antioxidants. Sensory properties of high-carbohydrate performance bars supplemented with the encapsulated oils were comparable with those of an unsupplemented control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Fortification of foods with omega-3 fatty acid-containing fish and flaxseed oils would improve nutritional quality through provision of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The oils in their native state not only lack functionality (i.e., are not suitable for addition to dry foods), but also are not shelf-stable because of their susceptibility to oxidation. Incorporation of the oils into a high-load powder through encapsulation produces an easily added ingredient for fortification; incorporation of effective antioxidants at optimal levels ensures oxidative shelf stability. Analysis of the encapsulated oils over several weeks and at high storage temperatures can indicate best antioxidants and concentrations to incorporate into long shelf-life food.
Soldering of removable partial dentures

Both high- and low-heat removable partial denture alloys were soldered with combinations of different solders and heat sources. The soldered specimens were subjected to tensile strength testing, and a ranking of joint strength was developed. Joint strengths that were 85% as strong as the as-cast metal were created in both alloy types when 0.800 fine solder was used with an electrosoldering device as a heat source. All other combinations tested resulted in greater reductions in joint strength.
Distinctive kinetics of the antibody-forming cell response to Sendai virus infection of mice in different anatomical compartments.

Abstract The single-cell ELISPOT assay was used to determine the frequency and isotype commitment of virus-specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) at different anatomical locations following intranasal Sendai virus infection of C57BL/6 and 129/Sv mice. AFC responses in the mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes showed sharp increases and declines, first of IgM AFC, peaking about 7 days after infection, and then of IgG and IgA AFC, peaking about 10 days after infection. A wave of IgM AFC preceding the other isotypes was less evident in the spleen, where peak frequencies of AFC occurred 14 days after infection. Virus-specific AFC appeared in the bone marrow with a unique kinetic pattern, increasing in frequency gradually over the first 3 weeks after infection to a plateau that remained constant. Circulating IgM and IgG achieved significant titers approximately a week after infection; IgM titers were transient, but IgG levels increased sharply and remained high, reflecting the longevity of the bone marrow AFC response. Strain differences in isotype bias were noted, particularly preferential switching to the γ2a gene in 129/Sv mice. The B-cell response to acute respiratory viral infection thus exhibits features that are distinct from the primary response to nonreplicating antigens.
Electrical characteristics of PT-bismuth strontium tantalate(BST)-P-SI with zirconium oxide buffer layer

Abstract Electrical characteristics of Pt-BST-ZrO2-p-Si metal-ferroelectric-insulator-p Si (MFIS) structures have been investigated. The BST film was deposited by sol gel technique and annealed in oxygen environment for about an hour at 800°C. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of these structures show hysteresis and the direction of hysteresis corresponds to ferroelectric polarization. The hysteresis in the C-V characteristics were found to be dependent on the thickness of the buffer layer as well as on the duration of the applied voltage. A model based on the polarization of the ferroelectric film and charge injection at the silicon - insulator interface was proposed to explain the electrical characteristics.