cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discontinuing Treatment Against Medical Advice: The Role of Perceived Autonomy Support From Providers in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background Long-term medication adherence is problematic among patients with chronic medical conditions. To our knowledge, this was the first study to examine factors associated with nonadherence among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who discontinue disease-modifying treatments against medical advice. Purpose To examine differences in perceived provider autonomy support between disease-modifying treatment-adherent relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients who discontinued disease-modifying treatments against medical advice. Methods Self-report questionnaires and a neurologic exam were administered to demographically matched adherent (n = 50) and nonadherent (n = 79) relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis patients from the Midwest and Northeast USA. Results Adherent patients reported greater perceived autonomy support from their treatment providers, F(1, 124) = 28.170, p .05, partial η2 = .009, nor the occurrence of a major depressive episode, χ2(1, N = 129) = .288, p > .05, differed between adherent and nonadherent patients. Conclusions Greater perceived autonomy support from treatment providers may increase adherence to disease-modifying treatments among patients who discontinue treatment against medical advice. Results may inform interventions for patients who discontinue treatment against medical advice.
Diagnosis and screening of patients with generalized pustular psoriasis

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening variant of psoriasis that is characterized by recurrent, acute onset, widely distributed pustular eruptions on inflamed, erythematous skin. It is important to recognize acute GPP as a subtype of psoriasis associated with high morbidity and mortality so therapy can be initiated without delay. Since GPP was first described in 1910 by Leopold von Zumbusch, it has been inconsistently defined, stratified, and diagnosed in the literature. Multiple definitions and diagnostic criteria have been proposed over the years. Recently, formal consensus guidelines on GPP have been published by international groups. This article reviews the current evidence and understanding in the diagnosis and screening of GPP.
Percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of extra-abdominal desmoid tumors.

Background Desmoid tumors are rare locally invasive, benign neoplasms that develop along aponeurotic structures. Current treatment is complicated by associated morbidity and high recurrence rates. Methods A retrospective, single-institution review identified 23 patients (age: 16-77) with extra-abdominal desmoid tumors who received CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation as either a first-line (61%) or salvage (39%) treatment in 30 sessions between 2014 and 2018. Median maximal lesion diameter was 69 mm (range: 11-209). Intent was curative in 52% and palliative in 48%. Contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging was obtained before and after treatment in addition to routine clinical follow-up. Results Technical success was achieved in all patients. The median follow-up was 15.4 months (3.5-43.4). Symptomatic improvement was demonstrated in 89% of patients. At 12 months, the average change in viable volume was -80% (range -100% to + 10%) and response by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) was CR 36%, PR 36%, and SD 28% No rapid postablation growth or track seeding was observed. Four patients underwent repeat cryoablation for either residual or recurrent disease. Two patients sustained a major procedural complication consisting of significant neuropraxia. Conclusion Cryoablation for desmoid tumors demonstrates a high degree of symptom improvement and local tumor control on early follow-up imaging with relatively low morbidity.
Optical studies of action potential dynamics with hVOS probes

The detection of action potentials and the characterization of their waveform represent basic benchmarks for evaluating optical sensors of voltage. The effectiveness of a voltage sensor in reporting action potentials will determine its usefulness in voltage imaging experiments designed for the study of neural circuitry. The hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) technique is based on a sensing mechanism with a rapid response to voltage changes. hVOS imaging is thus well suited for optical studies of action potentials. This technique detects action potentials in intact brain slices with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. These optical action potentials recapitulate voltage recordings with high temporal fidelity. In different genetically-defined types of neurons targeted by cre-lox technology, hVOS recordings of action potentials recapitulate the expected differences in duration. Furthermore, by targeting an hVOS probe to axons, imaging experiments can follow action potential propagation and document dynamic changes in waveform resulting from use-dependent plasticity.
SOARING BIRDS AS "MAXWELL DEMONS"

The suggestion implied in the title of this theoretical article was made by Samuel Langley (1893) in his treatise “The Internal Work of the Wind”. He, like a number of other scientists of his time, during which there was great curiosity about bird flight and, as a consequence, about the nature of the wind, was particularly fascinated by the question if birds might in some sense rectify the turbulent fluctuations of the wind as a means to offset their drag, and thereby stay aloft. Until it was discovered by Idrac (1931) that thermal updraughts must in most cases be considered the true source of energy in soaring, there was lively debate over the ways in which turbulence might be exploitable in flight. The work of Klemperer (1926) and Breguet (1925) is typical in this respect.
Impact of a Pediatric-Focused Communication Course on Patient/Caregiver-Perceived Physician Communication Skills in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of a pediatric-focused, relationship-centered communication course on patient/caregiver assessment of emergency department (ED) physician communication skills. METHODS This was a prospective study; a previously validated assessment tool (Pediatric Physician Interpersonal Communication Skills Assessment [P-PICSA]) was used to collect pediatric patient/caregiver evaluation of ED physician communication skills. Emergency department physicians were required to attend a 5.5-hour communication course. Differences in precourse/postcourse P-PICSA and top-box scores were analyzed to determine course impact on ED physician communication skills. RESULTS From July 2016 to August 2017, 49 pediatric ED physicians participated in the course, and 24 physicians (49%) had 6-month precourse/postcourse P-PICSA data. Postcourse scores were higher for all 13 items, with 3 items achieving statistical significance: (1) the doctor used words I could understand; (2) the way the doctor involved me in making decisions about my child's care in the ED; (3) how the doctor discussed next steps and/or follow-up plans for my child's care after we leave the ED (P < 0.05). Additionally, postcourse, top-box score percentages were higher for 12 items, with 1 item achieving statistical significance (P = 0.0386). CONCLUSIONS An organization-wide, pediatric-focused, relationship-centered communication course improved patient/caregiver-perceived ED physician communication. Further research is necessary to assess long-term sustainability.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain

Over one-third of Americans report chronic pain of one type or another. The causes of chronic pain are multi-faceted, and often do not involve identifiable tissue damage. Opioid therapy for chronic pain has a high risk for opioid dependency, addiction, and possible death. CBT is a proven alternative intervention. This article describes a 10-session CBT program for the treatment of chronic pain.
LACK OF UTILITY OF INHALED NITRIC OXIDE AFTER CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION

The potential effects of inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) on hemodynamics and oxygenation have led to its widespread use after cardiac transplantation. Insufficient data support such effects. Our primary objective was to determine if iNO has beneficial acute hemodynamic or oxygenation effects following
Post Herpetic Neuralgia: Recent Advancements

To discuss updates and recommendations for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a painful neuropathic condition caused by reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The focus of this review will include prevention, evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Using a multidisciplinary approach to management yields the best results, including oral and topical medication, physical therapy, psychotherapy, injections, complementary, and other procedural interventions, as well as neural stimulation. Recent advancements in the management of neuropathic pain conditions have led to opioid sparing options for postherpetic neuralgia and can help prevent its progression in order to minimize disability.
Centralized and Decentralized Warehouse Logistics Collaboration, Extended Version

We bound the value of collaboration in a decentralized multi-supplier multi-retailer setting, where several suppliers ship to several retailers through a shared warehouse, and outbound trucks from the warehouse contain the products of multiple suppliers. Academic/Practical relevance: In an emerging trend in the grocery industry, multiple suppliers and retailers share a warehouse to facilitate horizontal collaboration, in order to lower transportation costs and increase delivery frequencies. Thus far, these so-called Mixing and Consolidation Centers are operated in a decentralized manner, with little effort to coordinate shipments from multiple suppliers with shipments to multiple retailers. Facilitating collaboration in this setting would be challenging (both technically, and in terms of the level of trust that would be necessary), so it is useful to understand the potential gains of collaboration. Methodology: We extend the classic one warehouse multi-retailer analysis of Roundy (1985) to incorporate multiple suppliers and per truck outbound transportation cost from the warehouse, and develop a cost lower bound on centralized operation as benchmark. We then analyze decentralized versions of the system, in which each retailer and each supplier maximizes his or her own utility in a variety of settings, and we analytically bound the ratio of the cost of decentralized to centralized operation, to bound the loss due to decentralization. Results: We find analytical bounds on the performance of several decentralized policies. The best, a decentralized zero-inventory ordering policy, has a cost ratio when compared to a lower bound on the centralized policy of no more than 3⁄2 . In computational studies, we find that cost of decentralized policies are even closer to those of centralized policies. Managerial implications: Easy-to-implement decentralized policies are efficient and effective in this setting, suggesting that centralization (and thus, a potentially complex and expensive coordination effort) is unlikely to result in significant benefits.
Scrapbook: Screenshot-based Bookmark for Effective Curation of Digital Resources

Modern users typically open multiple software, websites, and documents for daily tasks. Retrieving previously used digital resources, such as web pages, documents, local files, and software, for knowledge workers is inevitable, but can be time-consuming. People may fail to remember where the resource is. In addition, sometimes, users need to retrieve digital resources across multiple applications to resume a computing task. However, the current methods - bookmarks, file systems, and recent history - for curating such resources are limited in their capacity and dispersed over multiple applications. To address the above problems, we test the idea of curating digital resources by developing Scrapbook, a software that allows users to curate digital resources with screenshots. Scrapbook allows users to take a screenshot of their computer screen and stores metadata of captured applications in the screenshot. Later, users can utilize multimodal (visual and textual) information to retrieve information that they want to recall or to restore the working context of a certain task. In this poster, we acknowledge previous relevant research, introduce ongoing efforts of developing Scrapbook, and share our plan to validate the idea via a user study.
Comparison of Crash Modification Factors for Engineering Treatments Estimated by Before–After Empirical Bayes and Propensity Score Matching Methods:

Cross-sectional and the empirical Bayes (EB) before–after are two of the most common methods for estimating crash modification factors (CMFs). The EB before–after method has now been accepted as on...
Spectral interleaving by singing humpback whales: Signs of sonar

The duplex sonar model of humpback whale song proposes that broadband units within songs function differently from narrowband units. Specifically, this model suggests that singing humpback whales interleave constant frequency (CF) units, which can generate prolonged reverberation focused at specific frequencies, with less reverberant broadband units that minimally overlap with the focal frequencies of preceding and following CF units (referred to as spectral interleaving) to increase the efficacy of song as a sonar source. Here, it is shown that singers recorded off the coast of Hawaii in 2015 devoted most of their time singing to spectrally interleaving broadband elements of units around quasi-CF components that consistently generated persistent reverberant tails. Singers maintained reverberant CF streams in specific frequency bands when units contained broadband elements and when singers switched from producing pairs of alternating reverberant units to producing a single reverberant unit. Additionally, singers showed the ability to flexibly control where acoustic energy was concentrated within broadband components in ways that minimized spectral overlap with the focal frequencies of reverberant tails. The consistency and precision with which singing humpback whales interleaved broadband and reverberant CF elements of units confirm two novel predictions of the duplex sonar model.
Lifetimes of near eternal false vacua

We consider examples of long-lived false vacua in quantum field theory that arise from so-called `universes'. These false vacua are protected by a ($d\ensuremath{-}1$)-form global symmetry, where $d$ is the dimension of spacetime. The lifetimes of the false vacua are set by UV data: the tension of ($d\ensuremath{-}2$)-branes charged under a ($d\ensuremath{-}2$)-form gauge symmetry. The lifetimes can be made parametrically long even when the difference in energy density between the false and true vacua is large compared to the natural scales of the field theory. We study examples of near-eternal false vacua in Abelian gauge theories in two dimensions and in four-dimensional QCD. In both cases, it is possible to view the ($d\ensuremath{-}1$)-form symmetries as arising from a modification of the sum over instantons. We find that the modification of the instanton sum in 4d QCD leads to a higher-group symmetry structure involving the 3-form and conventional 0-form global symmetries.
Character virtues prospectively predict responses to situational stressors in daily life in clinical and subclinical samples.

Background Character strengths and virtues may shape responses to stressors and risk for anxious and depressive distress. However, most studies have relied on cross-sectional designs, and it remains unclear whether virtues directly predict distress in daily life or buffer context-specific stressors. We tested whether higher-order intellectual (inquisitiveness), intrapersonal (self-control), and interpersonal virtues (caring) prospectively predicted coping responses and lower symptoms, and moderated effects of specific stressors on distress. Methods Treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with anxiety/depression (N = 81; Study 1) and students (N = 112; Study 2) completed the VIA Inventory of Strengths survey at baseline, then experience-sampling of daily symptoms and situational responses (perceptions and/or coping strategies) over seven days (Study 1) or five weeks (Study 2). Results Multilevel models generally linked virtues to more adaptive daily responses during individuals' worst and best daily events (Study 1) and worst events (Study 2), but inquisitiveness unexpectedly predicted higher symptoms in both studies. Additionally, virtues buffered against the within-person effects of specific stressor perceptions on distress (Study 2). Conclusions The relevance of character virtues for anxiety, stress, and coping may be complex, predicting higher or lower symptoms depending on both the virtue and the situational context.
Stimulation of the HER-kinase axis promotes resistance to the Raf-kinase activity of sorafenib, which can be reversed by the addition of MEK inhibitor U0126

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5412 The multi-kinase inhibitor, BAY 43-9006 (sorafenib), was originally discovered in a high throughput kinase screen as a potent inhibitor of the Raf-MEK-MAPK pathway (IC50 for B-Raf: 22±6 nM; Raf-1: 6±3 nM). Despite its high affinity for the Raf-kinases, sorafenib does not efficiently block the Raf-kinases in in vivo model systems. Fortuitously, sorafenib also inhibits the VEGF receptors, which increased its clinical utility and subsequent FDA approval for renal carcinoma. However, the question still remains with respect to the efficient in vivo targeting of Raf-kinases, which lie at a critical junction of several interacting kinase networks in cancer cells. Utilizing sorafenib’s effect on Raf-kinase activity as a molecular readout in in vitro kinase assays, we demonstrate that a ligand-stimulated HER-kinase axis compromises inhibition of the Raf-kinase activity by sorafenib in several cancer cell lines. An active HER-kinase axis works via the Raf-MEK-MAPK pathway and is commonly recognized as an initiator of cellular proliferation in several solid tumors. In contrast, sorafenib blocked the Raf-kinases more efficiently in the absence of HER-kinase specific stimulation. These differences are also observed when evaluating the downstream effectors, i.e., phospho-MEK and phospho-MAPK in western blots. However, combination with a MEK1/2-specific inhibitor, U0126, boosts HER-kinase stimulated, sorafenib-specific inhibition on phospho-MAPK. These results indicate that in vivo Raf-inhibition by sorafenib may exclude MEK1/2 inhibition, thus allowing the cells to continue to proliferate. To conclusively address if active MEK-kinases are the reason for inefficient sorafenib activity, experiments combining MEK1/2-specific siRNA knockdown followed by sorafenib treatment are being performed. Further studies are warranted for delineating the components of the Raf pathway targeted by sorafenib. Nonetheless, results from our study provide justification for efficient combination of Raf and MEK inhibitors and a molecular framework for the efficient design of future Raf-kinase inhibitors.
Human Evolution, Niche Complexity, and the Emergence of a Distinctively Human Imagination

The quest for understanding the human propensity for religious imagination can be aided by investigating more fully the core role of the evolutionary transition between becoming and being human. A distinctively human imagination is part of the explanation for human evolutionary success. Significant factors can be found in the evolutionary patterns and processes in the genus Homo during the Pleistocene, especially the later part of that epoch approximately 400–100,000 years ago. The combination of a niche construction perspective with fossil and archeological evidence, highlighting the role of cooperation in human evolution, adds to our understanding of a wholly human way of being, our socio-cognitive niche. This is a niche wherein experiences in, and perceptions of, of the world exist in a particular semiotic context: social relationships, landscapes, and biotic and abiotic elements are embedded in an experiential reality that is infused with a potential for symbolic meaning derived from more than the mat...
Combining Bayesian Networks and Formal Reasoning for Semantic Classification of Student Utterances

We describe a combination of a statistical and symbolic approaches for automated scoring of student utterances according to their semantic content. The proposed semantic classifier overcomes the limitations of bag-of-words methods by mapping natural language sentences into predicate representations and matching them against the automatically generated deductive closure of the domain givens, buggy assumptions and domain rules. With the goal to account for uncertainties in both symbolic representations of natural language sentences and logical relations between domain statements, this work extends the deterministic symbolic approach by augmenting the deductive closure graph structure with conditional probabilities, thus creating a Bayesian network. By deriving the structure of the network formally, instead of estimating it from data, we alleviate the problem of sparseness of training data. We compare the performance of the Bayesian network classifier with the deterministic graph matching-based classifiers and baselines.
Effects of sensor position and pattern perturbations on CRLB for direction finding of multiple narrow-band sources

The authors study the effects of sensor pattern and sensor position perturbations on the angle estimation performance bound for multiple narrow-band sources. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is used with a probabilistic modeling of the perturbations. The CRLBs of a linear uniform array under sensor position and pattern perturbations are evaluated in detail for the case of two narrowband sources. >
Glutamate transporter splice variant expression in an enriched pyramidal cell population in schizophrenia

Dysregulation of the glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 and their isoforms have been implicated in schizophrenia. EAAT1 and EAAT2 expression has been studied in different brain regions but the prevalence of astrocytic glutamate transporter expression masks the more subtle changes in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) isoforms in neurons in the cortex. Using laser capture microdissection, pyramidal neurons were cut from the anterior cingulate cortex of postmortem schizophrenia (n=20) and control (n=20) subjects. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of EAAT1, EAAT2 and the splice variants EAAT1 exon9skipping, EAAT2 exon9skipping and EAAT2b were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in an enriched population of neurons. Region-level expression of these transcripts was measured in postmortem schizophrenia (n=25) and controls (n=25). The relationship between selected EAAT polymorphisms and EAAT splice variant expression was also explored. Anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cell expression of EAAT2b mRNA was increased (P<0.001; 67%) in schizophrenia subjects compared with controls. There was no significant change in other EAAT variants. EAAT2 exon9skipping mRNA was increased (P<0.05; 38%) at region level in the anterior cingulate cortex with no significant change in other EAAT variants at region level. EAAT2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with changes in EAAT2 isoform expression. Haloperidol decanoate-treated animals, acting as controls for possible antipsychotic effects, did not have significantly altered neuronal EAAT2b mRNA levels. The novel finding that EAAT2b levels are increased in populations of anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cells further demonstrates a role for neuronal glutamate transporter splice variant expression in schizophrenia.
Cross Cultural Instruction: An Instructional Design Case

In an authentic example of linking design and development with learning and performance, an international real estate development firm defined a problem; implementing a cleaning system in the largest mall in the world with a cross-cultural unskilled work force in Dubai, UAE. Partnering with a university instructional design team employing a rapid prototyping methodology and the constructivist ID approach, Layers of Negotiation Model, a comprehensive curriculum was designed. This article describes the project background, initial design, the ID team's work in Dubai, illustrates the product, and summarizes the design experience. Keywords Cross-cultural instructional design, design-based research, job aids, constructivist ID environments, layers of negotiation model, rapid prototyping, project management
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with ingestion of maternal blood.

A newborn infant presented with bloody stools at birth associated with swallowing maternal blood following partial abruption of the placenta. Hyperbilirubinemia appeared in the first 12 hours of life, and the usual causes were excluded. The postulate is made that the hyperbilirubinemia was the result of the absorption of heme from the ingested maternal blood.
Financial reports: Why you need XBRL

More companies are using the Internet to report accounting and financial information. Using eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) makes that job easier. But few CFOs know much about XBRL—or how it can relieve some of the reporting pressures they face. The authors discuss the basics of XBRL, how a CFO can evaluate it, and how XBRL can improve efficiency, cut costs, and guide regulatory compliance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical glycosylation of peptide T at natural and artificial glycosylation sites stabilizes or rearranges the dominant reverse turn structure.

Abstract Peptide T (H-Ala-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr-OH), a fragment of HIV gp120, has been reported to inhibit binding of the virus to the CD4 receptor. The peptide assumes a β-turn secondary structure, and stabilization of the conformation may increase the biological activity. We synthesized the octapeptide and its C-terminal pentapeptide fragment, unmodified and glycosylated, when monosaccharides were walked through the molecules. Incorporation of the sugar into the longer peptide resulted in the stabilization of the type I (III) β-turn, as indicated by circular dichroism measurements. While N-terminal glycosylation of the shorter peptide also stabilized the type I (III) β-turn, the circular dichroism spectra revealed slightly different type II β-turn structures when the carbohydrate moiety was incorporated into mid-chain or C-terminal positions. Modification of biologically active reverse-turn structures by glycosylation offers a viable alternative to the peptide mimetics approach in drug design.
Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Recent advances in the understanding of pulmonary arterial hypertension have led to new therapeutic options, although the disease remains incurable and continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Disease-specific therapies have been approved for use in the US, including epoprostenol and its various analogs, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. The use of combination therapy with agents from more than one of these drug classes is becoming increasingly common, although guidelines establishing optimal combinations are lacking. Meanwhile, potential future therapeutic options are actively being pursued.
Antidepressant-like effects of cytidine in the forced swim test in rats.

Abstract Background: Altered brain phospholipid metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of cocaine dependence and mood disorders. Evidence suggests that citicoline, a rate-limiting metabolite for phospholipid synthesis, reduces cocaine craving in human addicts. Because antidepressants can reduce cocaine craving, we explored in rats the possibility that citicoline has antidepressant effects. We also tested the primary metabolites of citicoline, cytidine and choline. Methods: We examined if citicoline or metabolites alter immobility in the forced swim test. We used two scoring methods: latency to become immobile, a simple method that identifies antidepressants, and behavioral sampling, a complex method that differentiates antidepressants according to pharmacological mechanisms. Results: Over a range of doses, citicoline did not affect behavior in the forced swim test. At molar equivalent doses, cytidine dramatically decreased immobility, whereas choline tended to increase immobility. The effects of cytidine resemble those of desipramine, a standard tricyclic antidepressant. None of the treatments affected locomotor activity, and cytidine did not establish conditioned place preferences. Conclusions: Citicoline does not have effects in the forced swim test, but its primary metabolites have opposing effects: cytidine has antidepressant-like actions, whereas choline has prodepressant-like actions. At antidepressant doses, cytidine lacks stimulant and rewarding properties. This is the first report of potential antidepressant effects of cytidine.
Structure and Mechanism of the Photoactivatable Green Fluorescent Protein

Crystal structures of the photoactivatable green fluorescent protein T203H variant (PA-GFP) have been solved in the native and photoactivated states, which under 488 nm illumination are dark and brightly fluorescent, respectively. We demonstrate that photoactivation of PA-GFP is the result of a UV-induced decarboxylation of the Glu222 side chain that shifts the chromophore equilibrium to the anionic form. Coupled with the T203H mutation, which stabilizes the native PA-GFP neutral chromophore, Glu222 decarboxylation yields a 100-fold contrast enhancement relative to wild-type GFP (WT). Additionally, the structures provide insights into the spectroscopic differences between WT and PA-GFP steady-state fluorescence maxima and excited-state proton transfer dynamics.
Comparison of Class I MHC Alleles in Humans and Apes

Article synthese sur les antigenes d'histocompatibilite de classe I. Une etude comparative des alleles du systeme HLA et du systeme d'histocompatibilite majeur des singes a ete realisee
Differential response to change: The case of home purchase

Abstract Evidence is provided in support of the hypothesis that younger households respond more rapidly than older households to a transformation in the environment. Differential response is expected since younger households have more time to amortize any investment undertaken in response to some change in the world, and they have less need to disinvest specific human capital attuned to the old environment. The application presented is the response by young and old households to changes in the environment surrounding housing markets.
Distancing and Solidarity as Resistance to Sexual Objectification in a Nude Dancing Bar

ABSTRACT Drawing on observation and interviews in a mid-Atlantic nude dancing bar, I examine front-stage customer-dancer relations as well as dancers' discourse among themselves backstage. I use James Scott's theoretical framework regarding subordinate group resistance strategies to analyze dancers' attempts to resist customers' harassment. On the micro-level dancers exercise agency, reconstructing their identities within the larger context of macro-level oppression. Dancers' front stage tactics include spatial distancing, verbal one-liners, physical aggression, calling on customers, and united action with other dancers. Backstage, dancers reframe the public text, articulating their own identity construction by creating a social site for solidarity and desexualizing the body.
An efficient one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives through the Hantzsch four component condensation

A straightforward and general method has been developed for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines derivatives by simply combining aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, dimedone, and ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of scandium triflate. This method is very easy, rapid, and high yielding reaction for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines.
Segmentation-recognition algorithm for zip code field recognition

This paper describes a recognition algorithm for zip code field recognition. The algorithm consists of an initial character segmentation algorithm and a connected-numeral splitting algorithm. The initial character segmentation algorithm employs connected component analysis with component merge technique based on proximity. The numeral splitting algorithm consists of a slant splitting algorithm based on discriminant analysis and two postprocessing algorithms based on local shape analysis. The splitting algorithm is integrated with a statistical classifier to form a segmentation-recognition algorithm to resolve the ambiguity of connected numeral splitting. The performance is tested by recognition experiments on zip code fields collected from real USPS mail envelopes.
Urban sustainability and the limits of classical environmentalism

Translating environmental concern into social debate and public policy is one of the notable achievements of industrial societies over the past generation. Yet the process that has emerged in rich ...
Ribonucleotide reductase activity in hydroxyurea-resistant herpesvirus replication.

SummaryThe role of an altered ribonu-cleotide diphosphate reductase activity in the resistance of equine herpesvirus type 1 to hydroxyurea was demonstrated. A 28% increase in total CDP reductase was observed by 6 hr PI, and the enzyme activity of EHV-l-infected cells differed from that of mock-infected cells in several properties. Infected cell activity (i) did not require ATP for in vitro activity, (ii) exhibited a lower apparent Km, and (iii) demonstrated a decreased sensitivity to HU added directly to the reaction mixtures. The altered CDP reductase activity was first detected at 3-4 hr PI, the time of initiation of viral DNA synthesis.Support for this investigation was obtained by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grants AI 02032 and AI 08421, by Training Grant AI-69, and by No. General Research Support Grant No. RR-05386, Division of Research Resources.
No bridge over the stream of consciousness

Pessoa et al.'s target article shows that although filling-in of various kinds does appear to occur in the brain, it is not required in order to furnish a “bridge locus” where neural events are “isomorphic” to the features of visual consciousness. Some recently uncovered completion phenomena may well play a crucial role in the elaboration of normal visual experience, but others occur too slowly to contribute to normal visual content.
Patch clamp technique: Review of the current state of the art and potential contributions from nanoengineering:

The patch clamp technique permits high-resolution recording of the ionic currents flowing through a cell's plasma membrane. In different configurations, this technique has allowed experimenters to ...
Some Speculation about the Investigation of Person-Environment Transactions.

Abstract The author speculates about the outcomes of person-environment research and suggests how more successful research might be planned.
Knowledge supply network

This paper introduces the idea of knowledge supply network (KSN). Being an extension of the conception of supply chain management familiar to operations managers, knowledge supply network provides a most natural framework for operations management to contribute to the issues of knowledge management and intellectual capital, while retaining its tradition of practicality. This paper has three parts: (i) set up the idea of KSN, and clarify the focus of the paper; (ii) through case examples, illustrate the nature and structure of KSN; and (iii) point out the connection of KSN to business strategy, operations, information systems, and knowledge management.
Society, politics and culture. Studies in early modern England

(1990). Society, politics and culture. Studies in early modern England. History of European Ideas: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 129-130.
ADHD in the College Student: Is Anyone Else Worried?:

The illegal, non-prescriptive use of prescription stimulants appears to be growing among college students. Recent analyses using DSM-IV criteria suggest that this group of misusers may actually represent cases of undiagnosed ADHD. Such analyses, however, are limited by a diagnostic system that is neither contextural nor dimensional. The ADHD symptoms of the newly diagnosed college student may be highly context and time specific and represent a normal response to temporarily increased demands on intellect and motivation. Diagnosing college students who are misusing stimulants with ADHD runs the risk of further trivializing the ADHD diagnosis. Also from a historical perspective, legitimizing the use of prescription stimulants in this age group may unintentionally only further increase the likelihood of a greater prescription stimulant abuse epidemic.
Clinical supervision: Instructional strategy in the development of psychiatric nursing skills

Abstract Clinical supervision by faculty is an important instructional strategy to reinforce acquisition and development of psychiatric nursing skills. This article discusses elements of the supervision process and describes the structuring of clinical supervision experiences in an associate degree nursing education program. A student perspective about the clinical supervision experience during her undergraduate psychiatric nursing clinical rotation is also presented.
Is Word Recognition Correlated With the Number of Surviving Spiral Ganglion Cells and Electrode Insertion Depth in Human Subjects With Cochlear Implants

Objectives/Hypothesis: Speech perception scores using cochlear implants have ranged widely in all published series. The underlying determinants of success in word recognition are incompletely defined. Although it has been assumed that residual spiral ganglion cell population in the deaf ear may play a critical role, published data from temporal bone specimens from patients have not supported this hypothesis. The depth of insertion of a multichannel cochlear implant has also been suggested as a clinical variable that may be correlated with word recognition. In the current study these correlations were evaluated in 15 human subjects. Study Design: Retrospective review of temporal bone histopathology. Methods: Temporal bones were fixed and prepared for histological study by standard techniques. Specimens were then serially sectioned and reconstructed by two-dimensional methods. The spiral ganglion cells were counted, and the depth of insertion of the cochlear implant as measured from the round window was determined. Correlation analyses were then performed between the NU6 word scores and spiral ganglion cell counts and the depth of insertion. Results: The segmental and total spiral ganglion cell counts were not significantly correlated (P > .50) with NU6 word scores for the 15 subjects. Statistically significant correlations were not achieved by separate analysis of implant types. Similarly, no significant correlation between the depth of insertion of the electrode array and postoperative NU6 word score was identified for the group. Conclusion: Although it is unlikely that the number of residual spiral ganglion cell counts is irrelevant to the determination of word recognition following cochlear implantation, there are, clearly, other clinical variables not yet identified that play an important role in determining success with cochlear implantation.
Recovery from release of ureteral obstruction in the rat: Relationship to nephrogenesis

Recovery from release of ureteral obstruction in the rat: Relationship to nephrogenesis . Background Obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of renal insufficiency in infants and children. Despite release of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in the first five days of life in the rat, renal growth is impaired, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is preserved at one month, but decreases markedly by one year. To test the hypothesis that renal recovery from UUO depends on the stage of nephrogenesis at the time of relief of obstruction, renal recovery from relief of five days UUO following completion of nephrogenesis (days 14 to 19) was compared with UUO during nephrogenesis (days 1 to 5). Methods Rats underwent UUO or sham operation at one day of age, with relief five days later. In additional groups of neonatal rats, the operation was at 14 days, with relief at 19 days. Three months later, blood pressure, GFR, urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion, and kidney weight were measured. In addition, the number of glomeruli, glomerular maturation, glomerular diameter, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis were determined in each kidney. The effects of five-day UUO on number of glomeruli was determined also in adult rats one month following relief of obstruction. Results Three months following relief of UUO during days 14 to 19, renal growth was decreased by 50%, compared to a 30% reduction following relief of UUO during days 1 to 5 ( P Conclusions In the period immediately following nephrogenesis, the kidney is particularly susceptible to long-term injury from temporary UUO. This suggests that a delay in relief of significant ureteral obstruction should be avoided if diagnosed in the perinatal or neonatal period.
A model of creep deformation in the lithosphere as a non-isothermal linear viscous circular plate on a Winkler foundation

Abstract The lithosphere is known to deform under geologic loads such as those due to surface volcanoes and submerged magma chambers. The lithosphere is modelled here as a linear viscous circular plate supported on the underlying asthenosphere, which in turn is modelled as a Winkler foundation. A two-dimensional steady creep relation is used to derive the governing partial differential equations for deflection, stress and bending moment. The temperature variation through the thickness of the lithosphere is of major importance and is included in the analysis. Solutions to the governing equations are obtained both in general and for an illustrative set of geometric, loading, material and thermal parameters.
Sorting out of sea urchin embryonic cells according to cell type.

Abstract Cell types were isolated from the 16-cell stage of Arbacia punctulata embryos. Micromeres were stained with nile blue sulfate, recombined with unstained mesomeres and macromeres and cultured in normal sea water. The results support the idea that blastomeres of the early sea urchin embryo are capable of recognizing one another and of sorting out according to blastomere type during reaggregation.
Wavelet Variance Analysis for Random Fields on a Regular Lattice

There has been considerable recent interest in using wavelets to analyze time series and images that can be regarded as realizations of certain 1-D and 2-D stochastic processes on a regular lattice. Wavelets give rise to the concept of the wavelet variance (or wavelet power spectrum), which decomposes the variance of a stochastic process on a scale-by-scale basis. The wavelet variance has been applied to a variety of time series, and a statistical theory for estimators of this variance has been developed. While there have been applications of the wavelet variance in the 2-D context (in particular, in works by Unser in 1995 on wavelet-based texture analysis for images and by Lark and Webster in 2004 on analysis of soil properties), a formal statistical theory for such analysis has been lacking. In this paper, we develop the statistical theory by generalizing and extending some of the approaches developed for time series, thus leading to a large-sample theory for estimators of 2-D wavelet variances. We apply our theory to simulated data from Gaussian random fields with exponential covariances and from fractional Brownian surfaces. We demonstrate that the wavelet variance is potentially useful for texture discrimination. We also use our methodology to analyze images of four types of clouds observed over the southeast Pacific Ocean.
In vitro characterization and pharmacokinetics in mice following pulmonary delivery of itraconazole as cyclodextrin solubilized solution

Abstract This study aims to make a 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) solubilized itraconazole (ITZ) solution (i.e., HPβCD-ITZ) suitable for pulmonary delivery by nebulization, and compare pharmacokinetics of inhaled nebulized aerosols of HPβCD-ITZ versus a colloidal dispersion of ITZ nanoparticulate formulation (i.e., URF-ITZ). Solid state characterizations of lyophilized HPβCD-ITZ by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the formation of dynamic inclusion complexes between ITZ and HPβCD. Nebulized aerosols of both HPβCD-ITZ and colloidal dispersion of URF-ITZ were confirmed suitable for deep lung delivery. Single doses of the nebulized aerosols (equivalent to 5.3 mg ITZ/mL in 5 mL) in mice produced similar ITZ lung depositions and pharmacokinetic profiles, with ITZ lung levels of approximately 4 μg/g wet lung weight upon completion of nebulization and remained above 0.5 μg/g at 24 h. HPβCD-ITZ demonstrated faster systemic absorption of ITZ across lung epithelium than URF-ITZ, with t max values of 1.5 and 3.0 h, and AUC 0–∞ of 2513 and 3717 ng h/mL, respectively. The fast absorption of solubilized ITZ across lung mucosal surface may be due in part to the elimination of the phase-to-phase transition.
Heating and cooling rates in Anolis carolinensis and comparisons with other lizards

Abstract 1. 1. The allometric relationship between heating rate and body size of Anolis carolinensis was similar under both radiant heating and step transfer testing conditions. 2. 2. Heating rates were consistently greater than cooling rates, and both rates increased markedly with humidity. 3. 3. The lizards characteristically became darker (brown) during cooling and lighter (green) during heating. 4. 4. Interspecific comparisons are made which illustrate the influence of convection on heating and cooling rates. 5. 5. Lizards tend to heat more rapidly than they cool when tested in still air; however, the reverse may be true for small ( 6. 6. Intraspecific data suggest similar but more variable allometric relationships and further emphasize the pronounced effect of body size on lizard heating and cooling rates.
ISOLATION OF HTLV-III/LAV FROM CERVICAL SECRETIONS OF WOMEN AT RISK FOR AIDS

Cervical secretions from 14 women seropositive for HTLV-III/LAV were obtained between days 7 and 21 of the menstrual cycle and cultured for virus. HTLV-III/LAV was isolated from cervical secretions in 4 of 14 women, as well as from blood of 7 of 13 women tested. Female genital secretions may therefore be a source for sexual transmission of the virus to men.
A Scintillation Countner Telescope for Charge and Mass Identification of Primary Cosmic Rays

A cosmic ray telescope has been developed to study the charge and energy spectra of primary cosmic radiation. The two major objectives of this program are: 1. A determination of the amount of interstellar material through which primary cosmic rays have passed between their source and the vicinity of the earth. This amount of material can be deduced from the shape of the low energy spectra of the primary nuclei helium to oxygen measured at solar minimum. 2. A study of the rigidity dependences on the various forms of modulations of hydrogen and helium nuclei. A secondary objective is a study of the charge and energy spectra of cosmic rays produced by the sun.-- The telescope is a combination of scintillators giving both the energy of a charged particle and its rate of energy loss, (dE/dx). This technique has been used extensively in the field of medium-energy nuclear physics and for studying the charge spectra of light fission fragments. A prototype detector was flown in balloons for a series of cosmic ray measurements in July 1961. Excellent charge and energy resolutions were obtained for electrons, protons and alpha particles late in the large cosmic ray event of July 1961. It is planned to fly a satellite version of the instrment on the first NASA Orbiting Geophysical Observatory. This report covers both the data obtained from balloon flights and the proposed satellite instrumentation.