cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximating maximum test validity by a non-parametric method

The Gleser-DuBois conditions for selecting from a number of test items those which will maximize the correlation between total test score and criterion will degenerate into expressions requiring only item counts on total distributions and the upper halves of distributions. A grouping convention for scores near medians is recommended. The inefficiency of the method is easily compensated for, because, regardless of the size of the sample, only standard test-scoring equipment and brief computations are required. A procedure is outlined, and some applications are discussed.
THE CROSS‐SECTIONAL EFFECTS OF OPTION LISTING ON FIRM STOCK RETURN VARIANCES

We develop a set of hypotheses to explain cross-sectional differences in variance changes associated with option listing. Transactions variance is decomposed into three components: the bid-ask spread, return autocorrelations, and intrinsic variance. Each is investigated separately. We find support for hypotheses that link: (1) changes in dealer transactions costs to changes in the bid-ask spread following option listing; (2) changes in the quantity and quality of information and the value of new information to movements of the return autocorrelation structure toward zero; and (3) changes in trading volume and the clientele that trades the underlying security to changes in intrinsic variance following option listing.
High-strain, high-strain-rate behavior of tantalum

Tantalum plate produced by a forging-rolling sequence was subjected to high plastic shear strains(γ = 1 → 5.5) at high strain rates (∼4 × 104 s-1) in two experimental configurations: (a) a special hat-shaped geometry and (b) thin disks deformed in a split Hopkinson bar. In parallel experiments, the constitutive behavior of the same material was established through quasi-static and dynamic compression tests at ambient and elevated temperatures. The microstructure generated at high strain rates and retained by rapid cooling from a narrow (200-μm) deformation band progresses from dislocated, to elongated cells, to banded structures, and finally, to subgrains as the shear strain increases from 0 to 5.5. The temperature rise predictions from the constitutive description of the material indicate that the temperature reaches values of 800 K, and it is proposed that thermal energy is sufficient to produce a significant reorganization of the deformation substructure, leading to a recovered structure.
Monoclonal antibodies specific to chicken iodopsin

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) from hyridoma cells were raised and screened with a purified cone pigment, iodopsin, from the chicken retina. Four different methods were used to test these antibodies: (1) dot-immunobinding assay; (2) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA); (3) one dimensional immunoblotting (4) two dimensional immunoblotting. Three classes of antibody producing cell lines were identified. One class produces a mAB specific to iodopsin. The mAB from the second class crossreacts with iodopsin and probably one of the other three cone pigments. The mAB from the third class probably crossreacts with all the four cone pigments in the chicken retina. The mABs from all these classes of hybridoma cell lines were selected so that they do not crossreact with rhodopsin. Two dimensional immunoblotting indicated that iodopsin has a much higher isoelectric point than rhodopsin, as suggested from the known amino acid sequences of human rod and cone pigments.
Effects of High Oil Viscosity on Drift Velocity for Horizontal and Upward Inclined Pipes

This paper (SPE 115342) was accepted for presentation at the 2008 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 21–24 September, and revised for publication. Original manuscript received for review 6 July 2008. Revised manuscript received for review 24 November 2008. Paper peer approved 6 December 2008. Summary The translational velocity, velocity of slug units, is one of the key closure relationships in two-phase flow mechanistic modeling. It is described as the summation of the maximum mixture velocity in the slug body and the drift velocity. The existing equation for the drift velocity is developed by using potential flow theory. Surface tension and viscosity are neglected. However, the drift velocity is expected to be affected with high oil viscosity. In this study, the effects of high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes are experimentally observed. The experiments are performed on a flow loop with a test section 50.8 mm ID for inclination angles of 0° to 90°. Water and viscous oil are used as test fluids. Liquid viscosities vary from 0.001 to 1.237 Pa·s. A new drift velocity model is proposed for high oil viscosity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes. The experimental results are used to evaluate the performances of proposed model for drift velocity. The calculated drift velocities are compared very well with the experimental results. The proposed model could be easily implemented into translational velocity equation. It should improve the existing two-phase flow models in the development and maintenance of heavy oil fields.
Strange Vibes – Novel Presentation of Prostatitis

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has significant variability in its presentation. In this study, we present 2 novel cases of prostatitis in which "buzz" is described as the primary pain symptom. These cases describe patients with the primary complaint of "cell phone-like buzzing" within the perineum, with accompanying urinary symptoms consistent with prostatitis. CP/CPPS is a multifactorial disease within which psychological, inflammatory, neurologic, and neuromuscular etiologies are at play. As in other disease descriptions, a buzzing sensation represents the interaction of multiple pathways that have significant overlay with CP/CPPS. As such, we believe buzzing might represent a new symptom of CP/CPPS.
Psychological distress in childhood trauma survivors who abuse drugs

The relationships between the level of childhood maltreatment and current psychological distress were examined in a community sample of 676 substance abusing men and women using a validated self-report instrument (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) designed to measure physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and physical and emotional neglect. Current levels of self-reported psychological distress/symptoms were measured using a 53-item Brief Symptom Inventory. Prevalence of early trauma ranged from 44% for emotional neglect to 65% for sexual abuse. The severity of all forms of childhood maltreatment were directly associated with current psychological distress.
‘I Will Give to Each of You as Your Works Deserve’: Witchcraft Accusations and the Fiery-Eyed Son of God in Rev 2.18–23

The Revelation of John presents to its readers a scenario that describes the oppression and persecution of the early Christian communities of western Asia Minor by external pagan forces (specifically, the Roman government). Later Christian tradition tied the Apocalypse to the later years of the reign of Domitian and consequently dubbed that emperor a second Nero. Until relatively recently, this scenario has been affirmed by both the church and the academy. However, mid-twentieth century scholarship successfully challenged the validity of this viewpoint, based upon a review of the historical evidence. Since that time, scholars have scrambled to reconcile the historical world lying behind the Apocalypse with the narrative world presented by the text. Such figures as James A. T. Robinson, Adela Yarbro Collins, and Leonard Thompson have considerably advanced the discussion in our time. However, these recent attempts to detail the relationship between Christianity and pagan society have so dominated the attention of scholars that a serious discussion of the tensions within the Asia Minor Christian communities has been largely neglected. The present study is offered as a partial corrective to this trend.
Retargeting T cells to GD2 pentasaccharide on human tumors using bispecific humanized antibody

Anti-disialoganglioside GD2 IgG antibodies have shown clinical efficacy in solid tumors that lack human leukocyte antigens (e.g., neuroblastoma) by relying on Fc-dependent cytotoxicity. However, there are pain side effects secondary to complement activation. T-cell retargeting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) also have clinical potential, but it is thus far only effective against liquid tumors. In this study, a fully humanized hu3F8-BsAb was developed, in which the anti-CD3 huOKT3 single-chain Fv fragment (ScFv) was linked to the carboxyl end of the anti-GD2 hu3F8 IgG1 light chain, and was aglycosylated at N297 of Fc to prevent complement activation and cytokine storm. In vitro, hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells through classic immunologic synapses, inducing GD2-specific tumor cytotoxicity at femtomolar EC50 with >10⁵-fold selectivity over normal tissues, releasing Th1 cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, and IL2) when GD2⁺ tumors were present. In separate murine neuroblastoma and melanoma xenograft models, intravenous hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells in situ and recruited intravenous T cells for tumor ablation, significantly prolonging survival from local recurrence or from metastatic disease. Hu3F8-BsAb, but not control BsAb, drove T cells and monocytes to infiltrate tumor stroma. These monocytes were necessary for sustained T-cell proliferation and/or survival and contributed significantly to the antitumor effect. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor properties of hu3F8-BsAb and its safety profile support its further clinical development as a cancer therapeutic, and provide the rationale for exploring aglycosylated IgG-scFv as a structural platform for retargeting human T cells.
Collaborative gaming and competition for CS-STEM education using SPHERES Zero Robotics $

Abstract There is widespread investment of resources in the fields of Computer Science, Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (CS-STEM) education to improve STEM interests and skills. This paper addresses the goal of revolutionizing student education using collaborative gaming and competition, both in virtual simulation environments and on real hardware in space. The concept is demonstrated using the SPHERES Zero Robotics (ZR) Program which is a robotics programming competition. The robots are miniature satellites called SPHERES—an experimental test bed developed by the MIT SSL on the International Space Station (ISS) to test navigation, formation flight and control algorithms in microgravity. The participants compete to win a technically challenging game by programming their strategies into the SPHERES satellites, completely from a web browser. The programs are demonstrated in simulation, on ground hardware and then in a final competition when an astronaut runs the student software aboard the ISS. ZR had a pilot event in 2009 with 10 High School (HS) students, a nationwide pilot tournament in 2010 with over 200 HS students from 19 US states, a summer tournament in 2010 with ∼150 middle school students and an open-registration tournament in 2011 with over 1000 HS students from USA and Europe. The influence of collaboration was investigated by (1) building new web infrastructure and an Integrated Development Environment where intensive inter-participant collaboration is possible, (2) designing and programming a game to solve a relevant formation flight problem, collaborative in nature—and (3) structuring a tournament such that inter-team collaboration is mandated. This paper introduces the ZR web tools, assesses the educational value delivered by the program using space and games and evaluates the utility of collaborative gaming within this framework. There were three types of collaborations as variables—within matches (to achieve game objectives), inter-team alliances and unstructured communication on online forums. Simulation competition scores, website usage statistics and post-competition surveys are used to evaluate educational impact and the effect of collaboration.
Fathers: forgotten contributors to child development.

Theoretical and research literature on the role of fathers in child development is reviewed. The first section points out that there is little known about father-infant interaction, and the impact of the father on infant social development, though diverse theoretical perspectives all assume that the father’s role is minimal, and, at best, indirect. It is suggested that this assumption is unsubstantiated. Fathers are believed to play an influential role in later child development, though the theoretical assumptions, again, are inadequately validated by research. A new hypothesis is proposed whereby fathers are seen as playing a vitally important role in socialization, yet one which is qualitatively different from that played by mothers. Various research designs are suggested whereby this hypothesis can be subject to empirical validation.
Lindane, Dieldrin and DDT Residues in Raw and Cooked Chicken and Chicken Broth

Abstract The levels of lindane, dieldrin, DDT, DDE and DDD in meat and broth from selected parts of hens cooked by simmering and pressure cooking were compared to the levels in the raw meat. Both cooking methods resulted in similar levels of pesticide reduction. By comparing total pesticide residue levels in raw and cooked tissue as well as broth, it was found that ⅖ of the lindane and approximately ¾ of the dieldrin and total DDT compounds were recovered in the cooked meat and broth. Of these levels, the broth accounted for ⅔ and ⅘ of all the pesticides recovered except for DDD where ⅗ of the converted isomer was retained in the meat. Therefore, discarding the broth and drippings after cooking pesticide contaminated hens could greatly reduce the level of pesticide consumption.
Discrepancy between admission and discharge diagnoses as a predictor of hospital length of stay

CONTEXT: The addition of clinical data or present on admission (POA) codes to administrative databases improves the accuracy of predicting clinical outcomes, such as inpatient mortality. Other POA information may also explain variation in hospital outcomes, such as length of stay (LOS), but this potential has not been previously explored. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a discrepancy between the diagnosis coded at the time of admission and the diagnoses coded at discharge independently explains variation in LOS for general internal medicine patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A retrospective data review of patients age 18 years and older admitted to general internal medicine units at a large, urban academic medical center between July 2005 and June 2006. A generalized linear regression model was constructed to adjust for patient factors known to be associated with LOS. OUTCOME MEASURE: Average LOS among patients with a discrepancy between the admitting and discharge diagnosis codes versus those patients without a discrepancy. MAIN RESULTS: The average LOS for patients without a discrepancy between the admitting and discharge diagnosis codes, adjusted for comorbid conditions, was 3.4 days compared to 4.2 days with a discrepancy (0.76-day increase; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis discrepancy is associated with longer LOS. Diagnosis discrepancy on admission may be a marker of diagnosis uncertainty or poor patient assessment/documentation. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this discrepancy and its association with LOS, and, potentially, clinical outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:234–239. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Distally based sural lesser saphenous neuro-veno-adipo-fascial (NVAF) flap for reconstruction in the foot: Lessons learned

We report nine cases in which the neuro-veno-adipo-fascial (NVAF) flap was used to perform reconstruction of foot wounds over a 7-year period. Complications occurred in five (56%) patients. One patient suffered total loss of the flap and four experienced partial loss of the NVAF flap. Complications are to be expected with the use of the NVAF flap for foot wounds, but in most cases the flap is salvageable. The NVAF flap is an option in foot reconstruction when free tissue transfer is not available, contraindicated due to patient factors or when a prior free flap has failed.
ASIC design project scheduling

With the market-driven need to reduce product development times in the face of increasing complexity, the ability to forecast ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) development time has become of paramount importance. The authors present techniques to forecast schedules more accurately, to minimize risks, and to improve productivity on a continuing basis. They found that it is critical to have a specification and a resource team; otherwise, schedule slips are almost certain. They point out that during the development process, tradeoffs must be made by the ASIC designer. To do so effectively, he or she must understand the end application. Risks need assessing and contingency planning. Scheduling itself must be addressed in three senses: future (forecasts), present (monitors) and past (data). The historical database helps to forecast as well as to identify opportunities for productivity improvement. >
New ACC/AHA valve guidelines: aligning definitions of aortic stenosis severity with treatment recommendations

This editorial is the first of many which will address key issues in new guidelines, providing a quick overview of major changes, comparing guidelines on the same topic from different professional societies and providing additional explanation of new concepts or controversial issues. In the 2014 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines for Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease, a new approach to writing and presenting guidelines has been implemented.1 First we started with the evidence, summarising the published data in 28 detailed evidence tables which can be found in the online supplement to the guidelines. Next, we focused on the specific recommendations, ensuring that the level of evidence, with the key references indicated, supported the strength of the recommendation, using the standard classification from class I to class III. The precise wording of each recommendation was extensively discussed by the committee and underwent rigorous external review. The text that accompanies each recommendation provides additional details and references to ensure clinicians have the information needed to follow these guidelines. Each recommendation is presented in a modular format with the recommendation, references, text and evidence tables linked to allow easy presentation of the information across digital platforms and to allow updating of individual recommendations in the future, without updating the entire document. Several new concepts are introduced in these guidelines. We recommend a paradigm shift in the descriptions of the severity of valve disease with the introduction of disease stages, ranging from the patient-at-risk (stage A) to severe symptomatic disease (stage D). Valve disease stages are based on an integrative approach that includes patient symptoms, valve anatomy, valve haemodynamics and LV function. The example of aortic stenosis (AS) is shown in table 1. This patient centred approach to defining disease severity allows alignment of treatment recommendations with …
Complex interactions between cis-regulatory modules in native conformation are critical for Drosophila snail expression

It has been shown in several organisms that multiple cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) of a gene locus can be active concurrently to support similar spatiotemporal expression. To understand the functional importance of such seemingly redundant CRMs, we examined two CRMs from the Drosophila snail gene locus, which are both active in the ventral region of pre-gastrulation embryos. By performing a deletion series in a ~25 kb DNA rescue construct using BAC recombineering and site-directed transgenesis, we demonstrate that the two CRMs are not redundant. The distal CRM is absolutely required for viability, whereas the proximal CRM is required only under extreme conditions such as high temperature. Consistent with their distinct requirements, the CRMs support distinct expression patterns: the proximal CRM exhibits an expanded expression domain relative to endogenous snail, whereas the distal CRM exhibits almost complete overlap with snail except at the anterior-most pole. We further show that the distal CRM normally limits the increased expression domain of the proximal CRM and that the proximal CRM serves as a 'damper' for the expression levels driven by the distal CRM. Thus, the two CRMs interact in cis in a non-additive fashion and these interactions may be important for fine-tuning the domains and levels of gene expression.
Endovascular aneurysm repair delivery redesign leads to quality improvement and cost reduction

Objective Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is now a mainstay of therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm, although it remains associated with significant expense. We performed a comprehensive analysis of EVAR delivery at an academic medical center to identify targets for quality improvement and cost reduction in light of impending health care reform. Methods All infrarenal EVARs performed from April 2011 to March 2012 were identified (N = 127). Procedures were included if they met standard commercial instructions for use guidelines, used a single manufacturer, and were billed to Medicare diagnosis-related group 238 (n = 49). By use of DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) quality improvement methodology (define, measure, analyze, improve, control), targets for EVAR quality improvement were identified and high-yield changes were implemented. Procedure technical costs were calculated before and after process redesign. Results Perioperative services and clinic visits were identified as targets for quality improvement efforts and cost reduction. Mean technical costs before the intervention were $31,672, with endograft implants accounting for 52%. Pricing redesign in collaboration with hospital purchasing reduced mean EVAR technical costs to $28,607, a 10% reduction in overall cost, with endograft implants now accounting for 46%. Perioperative implementation of instrument tray redesign reduced instrument use by 32% (184 vs 132 instruments), saving $50,000 annually. Unnecessary clinic visits were reduced by 39% (1.6 vs 1.1 clinic visits per patient) through implementation of a preclinic imaging protocol. There was no difference in mean length of stay after the intervention. Conclusions Comprehensive EVAR delivery redesign leads to cost reduction and waste elimination while preserving quality. Future efforts to achieve more competitive and transparent device pricing will make EVAR more cost neutral and enhance its financial sustainability for health care systems.
The synthesis of solar radiation data for sizing stand-alone photovoltaic systems

The author describes a model that synthesizes long-term hourly insolation data from monthly average insolation data using statistical models developed from 23.5 years of hourly data from 20 weather stations scattering across the United States. This model was developed specifically for sizing stand-along photovoltaic power systems and was therefore verified by comparing system performances resulting from the synthetic data with performances resulting from actual hourly data. Comparisons of the system performances indicate that the model is valid for system sizing regardless of array orientation, seasonal changes in the load, or the average system loss of energy. In all cases, the relative error between array sizes resulting from actual and synthetic data was less than 6%. Overall, the error was less than 2.5%. The model has one limitation in that it was designed specifically for stand-alone photovoltaic systems with energy storage and should not be applied to systems without storage. In general, it is valid for any system with two or more days of energy storage. >
Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies

Global Human Resource Strategies: A Framework and Overview by William Cooke Foreign Direct Investment Strategies and Industrial Relations Systems Foreign Direct Investment and Its Employment Opportunities in Perspective: Meeting the Great Expectations of Developing Countries? by Gabriele Kohler MNCs and Global Commodity Chains: Implications for Labor Strategies by Jennifer Bair and Harvie Ramsay The Influence of Industrial Relations System Factors on Foreign Direct Investment by William Cooke The Effect of Different Industrial Relations Systems in the U.S. and the European Union on Foreign Direct Investment Flows by Morris Kleiner and Hwikwon Ham Multinational Company Human Resource Management and Labor Relations Strategies A Process Model of Strategic HRM/LR Change in MNCs: The Case of AT&T and NCR in the U.K. by Graeme Martin, Phil Beaumont, and Judy Pate Transferring the Learning Factory to America? The Japanese Television Assembly Transplants by Martin Kenney and Shoko Tanaka Convergence or Divergence of Contingent Employment Practices?: Evidence of the Role of MNCs in Europe by Chris Brewster and Olga Tregaskis MNCs as Diffusers of Best Practices in HRM/LR in Developing Countries by Sarosh Kuruvilla, Stephen Frenkel, and David Peetz Transnational Union Strategies Dual Sourcing at Ford in the U.S. and Mexico: Implications for Labor Relations and Union Strategies by Steve Babson Local Union Responses to Continental Standardization of Production and Work in GM's North American Truck Assembly Plants by Christopher Huxley Out of the Ashes: The Steelworkers' Global Campaign at Bridgestone/Firestone by Tom Juravich and Kate Bronfenbrenner Strategic International Laborism: MNCs and Labor in the Graphical Sector by John Gennard and Harvie Ramsay Transnational Workplace Regulation Sailing Beyond the Reach of Workplace Regulations: Worker Exploitation by MNCs on the High Seas by Clifford B. Donn Carrot or Stick? How MNCs Have Reacted to the European Works Council Directive by Trevor Bain and Kim Hester Early Days: Belgian and U.K. Experiences of European Works Councils by TheREse Beaupain, Steve Jefferys, and Rachel Annand Regulating Employee Interest Representation: The Case of McDonald's in the European Union by Tony Royle and Brian Towers NAFTA's Labor Side Agreement: Withering as an Effective Labor Law Enforcement and MNC Compliance Strategy? by Mario F. Bognanno and Jiangfeng Lu Summary and Conclusion The Role of Power and Implications for Transnational Workplace Outcomes by William Cooke Index
On adaptive diagnostic test generation

Adaptive diagnosis, a paradigm for diagnosis, is defined. A system based on this paradigm, for I/sub DDQ/ measurement based diagnosis of bridging faults, is reported. Experimental evaluation of the system shows it to be substantially superior to existing systems, especially for larger circuits.
Ethical Attitudes Toward Taking a Bribe: A Study of Three Latin American Countries

This study presents the results of an empirical study of attitudes toward bribe taking in three large Latin American Countries – Argentina, Brazil and Colombia. The authors use the Human Beliefs and Values Survey data to examine several demographic variables, including gender, age, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, social class and confidence in government to determine whether these variables make a difference. Country comparisons are also made. Although opposition to bribery was generally high, accepting a bribe was least acceptable in Argentina and most acceptable in Brazil. Women, housewives, older people, widows, small town people and Caucasians were significantly more opposed to bribery than were other groups. The less religious a person was, the less resistance there was to bribery. Healthy people were less averse to bribery than were unhealthy people. Religion and income level were not significant variables.
New Zealand Ceratocumatidae and Nannastacidae (Crustacea: Cumacea)

The cumacean fauna of New Zealand has been little studied, and recent collecting on the Chatham Rise and ChallengerPlateau has yielded many new species and new genera. The first record of the family Ceratocumatidae is reported fromNew Zealand waters, Cimmerius sp. Within the Nannastacidae, there are only two previously described nannastacidspecies from New Zealand, Campylaspis rex Gerken & Ryder 2002 and Scherocumella pilgrimi (Jones 1963). The recentcollections yielded one new nannastacid genus, Aotearocumella n. gen., and 22 new nannastacid species, Aotearocumella acantha n. sp. A. echinoseta n. sp., A. watlingi n. sp., Atlantocuma confunda n. sp., Campylaspenis tangaroae n. sp., Campylaspis apheles n. sp., C.bituberculata n. sp., C. hatchae n. sp., C. macrosulcata n. sp., C. microsulcata n. sp., C. millsae n. sp., C. normani n. sp., C. rufus n. sp., C. schnabelae n. sp., C. sculptaspinosa n. sp., C. zealandiaensis n. sp., C. zimmeri n. sp., Procampylaspis chathamensis n. sp., P. rhypakoceros n. sp., P. rhypakos n. sp., Schizocuma delicata n. sp., and Styloptocuma gordoni n. sp. In addition, a neotype for C. rex is designated.
Helical Orientation — A Novel Mechanism for the Orientation of Microorganisms

This paper describes how helical motion can act both as a strategy for sampling a stimulus field and as a mechanism for orienting to that field. Namely, an organism can orient to a stimulus by pointing its rotational velocity vector towards the source of the stimulus. This is accomplished if the components of the rotational velocity are simple functions of the stimulus intensity. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented both from published observations of microorganisms and from experiments in which spermatazoa of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, are tracked in three dimensions.
Immune Checkpoint Modulators: An Emerging Antiglioma Armamentarium

Immune checkpoints have come to the forefront of cancer therapies as a powerful and promising strategy to stimulate antitumor T cell activity. Results from recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate how checkpoint inhibition can be utilized to prevent tumor immune evasion and both local and systemic immune suppression. This review encompasses the key immune checkpoints that have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis and, more specifically, gliomagenesis. The review will provide an overview of the existing preclinical and clinical data, antitumor efficacy, and clinical applications for each checkpoint with respect to GBM, as well as a summary of combination therapies with chemotherapy and radiation.
Hands-Free Collaboration Using Telepresence Robots for All Ages

The use of telepresence robots brings the impression of physical presence to remote collaborations, which is beneficial in terms of establishing a closer relationship in a short time. However, operating a robot requires substantial cognitive effort. This can cause problems in practical situations involving older users, where the cognitive load interferes with the main task that needs to be performed. We have developed a telepresence robot system that addresses this problem by lowering the barriers preventing the operation of a robot. Its basis is the concept of an “observation window” that allows the robot to be operated without using hands or having to wear additional devices. This lightweight, less intrusive technology is expected to be desirable even for older users. This poster describes the mechanism and implementation of our system and reports its effectiveness in practical use by people of all ages, including older users.
Disorders of The Hip Joint in Cerebral Palsy

We studied radiologically the hip joints of the cerebral palsy children. We measured alpha angle, anteversion angle, neck-shaft angle and CE angle in 50 patients.The results were as follows:1) Dislocated or subluxated hips were found in 20 percents of 100 hips.2) Alpha angle and anteversion angle in non-ambulatory group were more increased than in ambulatory group.3) CE angle in non-ambulatory group was more decreased than in ambulatory group.
Migratory Intradural Disk Herniation and a Strategy for Intraoperative Localization

Study Design Case report. Objective Describe a case of intradural disk herniation and a method for intraoperative localization. Methods Intradural disk herniations are uncommon but well described. The diagnosis of these lesions is often difficult, and sometimes they may be diagnosed only through an intradural exploration after an expected disk fragment cannot be located. We report the case of an intradural disk herniation with an additional diagnostic difficulty—a migrated intradural disk. Results We present the first intraoperative imaging evidence of disk migration and propose a strategy to locate intradural disk fragments prior to durotomy. Conclusion Intradural disk herniations should be suspected when intraoperative findings are not congruent with imaging findings. An intraoperative myelogram may be helpful.
An Adult Version of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory: Test-Retest Reliability and Social Desirability

A version of the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, modified for use with adults, was found to have a test-retest reliability of about .80 for 32 adult women over periods of 6 to 58 wk. Correlation of the scores with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale for a group of 51 college students was .47. Use of the lie scale on the self-esteem scale to identify subjects whose self-reports are markedly influenced by a social desirability factor can reduce this correlation to .32.
A PROFILE OF THE ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT MEMBER: REPLY

The article reports the author's opinions regarding a critique of his article “A Profile of the Academy of Management Member.” The author focuses on comparing the data he has collected regarding me...
Multiple step growth of single crystalline rutile nanorods with the assistance of self-assembled monolayer for dye sensitized solar cells.

A novel multiple step growth (MSG) process has been developed to synthesize rutile nanorods (NRs) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with the assistance of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) aiming to increase the internal surface area of the 1D materials for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The experimental result reveals that the SAM layer can be selectively decomposed at the tip of the nanorod, namely the rutile (001) surface, due to the anisotropic photocatalytic property of the rutile. The remaining SAM layer on the side-wall of the NRs remains intact and serves as water repellent which prevents the radial growth of the NRs during the next step hydrothermal synthesis; therefore, the spacing between the NRs and the porosity of the NR array can be retained after additional growth cycles. On the other hand, introduction of a middle layer formed via TiCl4 solution treatment before the next growth cycle is found to be an effective way to control the diameters of the newly grown NRs. The p...
A New Lateral Approach to the Hip Joint

A lateral approach to the hip, using a U-shaped incision, has been developed. It provides wide exposure both anteriorly and posteriorly. It is particularly suitable for mold arthroplasty but can also be used for other procedures. It permits both anterior and posterior dislocation of the hip with ease and allows a complete capsulectomy to be done under direct vision, while preserving the femoral head and neck. A full view of the entire acetabulum is also obtained. The functional capacity of the abductor muscles is enhanced by transplanting the greater trochanter distally thereby increasing their functional length and the leverage for abductor function.
Necessary Condition for Homoclinic Chaos Induced by Additive Noise

The effect of noise on the possible occurrence of chaos in systems with a homoclinic orbit was recently investigated in the literature on the basis of a redefinition of the Melnikov function. The purpose of this note is to show that, even in the case of deterministic equations, this redefinition is not consistent with the geometry of the perturbed orbits and would therefore lead to incorrect solutions. The possibility is then explored of developing a necessary condition for the occurrence of homoclinic chaos in forced systems perturbed additively by a commonly used approximate representation of white noise.
Evaluation of People, Social, and Organizational Issues – Sociotechnical Ethnographic Evaluation

Sociotechnical approaches are grounded in theory and evidence-based. They are useful for evaluations involving health information technologies. This contribution begins with an overview of sociotechnical theory and ethnography. These theories concern interactions between technology, its use, people who use or are affected by it, and their organizational and societal situations. Then the contribution discusses planning and designing evaluations, including frameworks and models to focus an evaluation, and methodological considerations for conducting it. Next, ethical issues and further challenges and opportunities are taken up. Concluding case examples, referenced throughout, illustrate how good evaluations provide useful results to help design, implement, and use health information technologies effectively.
Improving Donation Distribution for Crowdfunding: An Agent-Based Model

Donation-based crowdfunding has the potential to democratize capital raising by soliciting donations directly from the public through the Web and social media. These crowdfunding platforms, however, often function as unregulated open markets, in which there is minimal intervention to influence donation distribution across projects. In fact, research on crowdfunding hints that donation distribution in most crowdfunding platforms are suboptimal: while the overall success rates of crowdfunding projects are often low, a significant proportion of projects receive donations way over their targets. In this paper, we propose a new donation distributing system that aim to (a) distribute donations more effectively among the projects, and (b) align the allocation of donations with the preferences of donors. An agent-based model was developed to test the proposed system. Results showed that the proposed system not only increased the overall success rates of projects, but also led to more successes for projects preferred by donors. Implications to future crowdfunding platforms are discussed.
Fringe Television: A Challenge to Prime-Time Criticism.

To account adequately for television as a cultural force in the 1980's, this essay suggests that mass communication studies must accept the critical challenges posed by fringe television. After defining fringe television as the sea of programming that surrounds the prime‐time domain of the three major broadcast networks, this essay identifies end maps various fringe sectors appearing on today's broadcast and cable schedules. The articles included in this special issue are then introduced as examples of relevant textual and contextual approaches to the study of fringe content. This essay concludes by surveying the critical imperatives facing future studies involved in the analysis of the diverse programming that thrives on the ragged borders of popularity.
Infant Attachment Moderates Paths From Early Negativity to Preadolescent Outcomes for Children and Parents.

Although infant attachment has been long seen as key for development, its long-term effects may be complex. Attachment may be a catalyst or moderator of future developmental sequelae rather than a source of main effects. In 102 mothers, fathers, and infants, attachment was assessed at 15 months; children's negativity (rejection of parental rules and modeling attempts) at 25, 38, 52, and 67 months; and developmental outcomes (the child's parent-rated externalizing problems and the parent–child observed relationship quality) at ages 10 and 12. In both mother–child and father–child relationships, children's higher negativity was associated with more detrimental outcomes but only in dyads with formerly insecure infants. Infant insecurity appears to amplify detrimental cascades, whereas infant security appears to defuse such risks.
Surface reconstruction of pure-Cu single-crystal electrodes under CO-reduction potentials in alkaline solutions: A study by seriatim ECSTM-DEMS

Quasi-operando electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) recently showed that a polycrystalline Cu electrode kept in 0.1 M KOH at − 0.9 V (SHE), a potential very close to that for electrochemical CO reduction, underwent a two-step surface reconstruction, initially to Cu(111), or Cu(pc)-[Cu(111)], and terminally to Cu(100), or Cu(pc)-[Cu(100)]. When subjected to monolayer-limited Cu_((s)) ↔ Cu_2O_((s)) oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC), the Cu(pc)-[Cu(100)] surface was further transformed to Cu(pc)-[Cu(511)] that produced C_2H_5OH exclusively, as detected by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, at an overvoltage lower by 645 mV relative to that for the formation of hydrocarbons. In this paper, results are presented from studies with the native monocrystalline surfaces Cu(111), Cu(100) and Cu(110). Whereas the intermediate Cu(pc)-[Cu(111)] layer was eventually converted to Cu(pc)-[Cu(100)], the surface of a pristine Cu(111) single crystal itself showed no such conversion. The surface of an original Cu(100) electrode likewise proved impervious to potential perturbations. In contrast, the outer plane of a Cu(110) crystal underwent three transformations: first to disordered Cu(110)-d[Cu(110)], then to disordered Cu(110)-d[Cu(111)], and finally to an ordered Cu(110)-[Cu(100)] plane. After multiple ORC, the converted [Cu(100)] lattice atop the Cu(110) crystal did not generate ethanol, in contrast to the [Cu(100)] phase above the Cu(pc) bulk. Quasi-operando ECSTM captured the disparity: Post-ORC, Cu(110)-[Cu(100)] was converted, not to Cu(110)-[Cu(511)], but to an ordered but catalytically inactive Cu(110)-[Cu(111)]; hence, no C2H5OH production upon reduction of CO, as would have been the case for a stepped Cu(511) surface.
The Case of the Wayfaring Challenger: The 1988 Senate Election in Ohio

The 1988 U.S. Senate race in Ohio pitted a liberal Democratic incumbent, Howard M. Metzenbaum, against a formidable challenger, Cleveland Mayor George V. Voinovich. In the early stages of the conte...
Ecolinguistics: language, ecology and the stories we live by

Arran Stibbe’s most recent text is one of the more significant contributions to ecolinguistics since Alwin Fill and Peter Muhlhausler’s The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment ...
Hyperdiploidy in AML: Outcomes of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients (pts) with a hyperdiploid karyotype.

7088 Background: Hyperdiploidy with greater than 49 chromosomes is an infrequent phenomenon in AML, with a reported incidence of less than 2%. While autosomal loss is known to have poor prognosis, ...
Physical characterization of the quality of medical images does not adequately reflect their clinical quality.

Quality assurance for radiological imaging equipment typically consists of analyzing data on images of physical phantoms and, if the results meet certain standards, it is assumed that clinical images obtained using the equipment will automatically be of good quality. Some claim, however, that such purely physical characterization of the quality of medical images does not adequately reflect their clinical quality. This is the premise debated in this month's Point/Counterpoint. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Deformation behavior of Mo5SiB2

Abstract First-principles calculations were employed to analyze the possible slip systems in Mo 5 SiB 2 . A striking result was obtained that the three most favorable slip systems, (001), (001) and [001]{010}, have close stacking fault energies, and the preference among them cannot be established. This finding explains a large variety of experimentally observed slip systems in Mo 5 SiB 2 . The dislocations associated with these slip systems may dissociate into partials joined with stacking faults and separated by the large splitting width of 5–6 nm.
Sensory Evaluation of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars

ABSTRACTThere is little published information on sensory attributes and quality indices of organically grown sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) even though there is a growing demand for this product. A study was conducted to identify the best cultivars based on sensory characteristics and organoleptic acceptability of sweetpotato grown under an organic management production system. Baked samples of 14 sweetpotato cultivars were evaluated by taste panelists on a 4-point hedonic scale for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The cvs. All Purple (purple fleshed), Carolina Ruby (orange fleshed), and Ginseng (orange fleshed) had the highest taste, texture, and aroma scores; the white fleshed cv. Japanese Purple was least accepted overall. The most preferred sweetpotato cultivar was associated with the descriptors pasty, umami (monosodium glutamate like), sodium, and adhesive. The purple flesh color was well liked by all panelists and rated as the top color of all cultivars. Panelist preference was to...
Miniaturization of Planar Packaged Inductor Using NiZn and Low Cost Screen Printing Technique

Given the recent interest in power delivery design for the Internet of Things (IoT), current work aims to design a packaged power delivery solution for IoT. The power inductor takes up a large amount of the area in such an implementation. Planar power inductors are preferred for fabrication simplicity and cost. However, air core inductors do not have sufficient area efficiency for IoT solutions, necessitating the integration of a magnetic core on a planar inductor. This research demonstrates a low cost method of miniaturizing planar inductors using stencil printing technique with a magnetic composite for embedded power inductors for IoT edge device applications. Planar spiral inductors of varying dimensions and inductances are designed using a full wave EM solver. Inductors are then fabricated on FR4 using standard printed wiring board process. NiZn is a low loss magnetic material and is mixed with an epoxy and solvent to facilitate stencil printing. Stencil printing is a low cost fabrication method with great utility to electronic packaging. A single layer of NiZn is screen printed as squares directly on the fabricated spiral inductors. Measurements are performed using a vector network analyzer at frequencies between 10 and 50 MHz. The measured inductance of the inductors ranges from 37 nH-340 nH without NiZn to 42 nH-452 nH with a single NiZn layer at the operating frequencies. In addition, the Q factor is actually improved at the frequency of operation, as the inductance gained from the magnetic layer is more significant than the loss incurred. This increase in inductance leads to great potential for decrease of size of packaged inductors.
International institutions: weak commitments and costly signals

As commitment devices, international institutions encourage cooperation by imposing costs on members who do not live up to their commitments. However, the costs that institutions can impose are limited, so that their commitment capacity is weak. Institutions can also impose costs as a condition of membership, allowing them to serve as costly signals. A model of weak commitment and costly signaling leads to a number of hypotheses about patterns of cooperation, institutional membership, and states’ preferences over institutional design. For example, existing members of an institution should impose higher ex ante costs when a potential new member could either gain significant benefits from reneging on their commitments in the future, and when the new member expects to gain high benefits from future cooperation. These results are consistent with empirical work on institutions including peacekeeping and the World Trade Organization.