cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation and reactivity of arylsulfonyl substituted cyclopropenes

Abstract A study of the cycloaddition behavior of several arylsulfonyl substituted alkynes with 2-diazopropane has been carried out. These activated acetylenes react to give 3H-pyrazoles which extrude nitrogen on photolysis to produce cyclopropenes in high yield. Soft nucleophiles such as thiophenoxide readily add to the activated pi-bond to give thiophenyl substituted cyclopropanes. Reaction of 1-phenylsulfonyl-2,3,3-trimethylcyclopropene with n-butyllithium followed by alkylation with various electrophiles produces arylsulfonyl substituted methylene cyclopropanes. These compounds undergo thermal rearrangement to the thermodynamically more stable isopropylidine cyclopropane.
Children’s literature its purpose and use

(1971). Children’s literature its purpose and use. International Library Review: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 169-186.
Management of the adult patient with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Guidelines for clinical practice are intended to suggest preferable approaches to particular medical problems as established by interpretation and collation of scientifically valid research, derived from extensive review of published literature. When data are not available that will withstand objective scrutiny, a recommendation may be made based on a consensus of experts. Guidelines are intended to apply to the clinical situation for all physicians without regard to specialty. Guidelines are intended to be flexible, not necessarily indicating the only acceptable approach, and should be distinguished from standards of care that are inflexible and rarely violated. Given the wide range of choices in any health care problem, the physician should select the course best suited to the individual patient and the clinical situation presented. These guidelines are developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology and its Practice Parameters Committee. These guidelines are also approved by the governing boards of the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Expert opinion is solicited from the outset for the document. Guidelines are reviewed in depth by the Committee, with participation from experienced clinicians and others in related fields. The final recommendations are based on the data available at the time of the production of the document and may be updated with pertinent scientific developments at a later time.
Sites of phosphorylation in recombinant human interferon-γ

Abstract Recombinant human interferon-γ was phosphorylated with ATP and c-AMP-dependent protein kinase. After phosphorylation, interferon-γ was separated from the adenosine phosphates and the kinase and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, reverse phase HPLC, and HPLC peptide mapping. Comparison of the S. aureus V8 protease maps of intact and phosphorylated interferon-γ showed that the maps were identical except that one peptide fragment elutes earlier in the map of the phosphorylated sample. This peptide was identified as the C-terminal fragment containing two serinyl phosphorylation sites at positions 132 and 142. This phosphorylated interferon-γ exhibited a slightly higher specific antiviral activity than the intact protein.
Resonant cavity optical biosensors for the detection of nucleic acid hybridization

Optical microcavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte to a biospecific monolayer. The enhancement results form the buildup of intensity within the microcavity on resonance, which thereby increases fluorescence output from species specifically bound on the surface of the microcavity. Target studies are directed at nucleic acid hybridization, and initial results using high-Q dielectric microspheres have been obtained.
Increased dopamine metabolism in the rat neostriatum after toxic doses of d-methylamphetamine

Abstract Rats were given repeated large doses of d -methylamphetamine ( d -MA which have been shown to destroy a fraction of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) nerve terminals. Two to three weeks later, the synthesis of DA in the remaining neostriatal DA terminals was examined by measuring the rate of accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after inhibition of L -aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by 3-dihydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015). The release of DA from surviving DA terminals was also examined by measuring the steady-state level of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Both the rate constant of the synthesis of DA and the DOPAC/DA ratio were increased in the neostriatum of rats with large depletions of neostriatal DA. These findings suggest that both synthesis and release of neostriatal DA are enhanced in rats in which d -methylamphetamine destroyed a large number of nigrostriatal DA terminals.
"Lesbians, gay men, and their parents": a critique of LaSala and the prevailing clinical "wisdom".

This article challenges the popular assumption that coming out to family of origin is important for lesbians and gay men's mental health and couple relationships. First, I present theory emphasizing the unique position of lesbians/gays in families of origin and the significance of “families of choice.” Second, I review the quantitative research on social support received by lesbians/gays from family of origin, friends, and other social network sources. Third, I demonstrate how the dominant clinical opinion about coming out to family is based on an unwarranted use of theory developed for heterosexuals and on overgeneralization of findings from studies of white, upper-middle-class, North American lesbians/gays. Fourth, I propose five determinants of lesbian/gay persons' decisions to come out to family-of-origin members. Fifth, I argue that such decisions are constrained by “realistic” costs/benefits in various sociocultural niches rather than being a simple function of individuals' levels of differentiation. Lastly, I offer an expanded contextual stance for the family therapist working with lesbian/gay clients.
Presentation of synthetic peptide antigen encoded by the MAGE-1 gene by granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-cultured macrophages from HLA-A1 melanoma patients

The recent identification of the sequences of the peptides derived from a number of human melanomaassociated antigens has presented opportunities for developing a specific-peptide-based vaccine in this form of cancer. Since antigen-presenting cells (APC) play a crucial role in the induction of the T-cell-mediated immune response, we examined whether or not ex vivo cultured APC, bearing the appropriate MHC restricting elements, when pulsed with a relevant melanoma-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte(CTL)-determined peptide, can present the peptide to the CTL. Here we show that a population of cells, derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage from peripheral blood and grown in granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, exhibit many essential characteristics of “professional” APC (dendritic-type morphology with a proportion of the population, the B7 molecule, and high levels of MHC class I and class II molecules, CD11b and CD54 molecules) and are capable of efficiently presenting the nonapeptide, EADPTGHSY, encoded by the melanoma antigen MAGE-1 gene, to the MAGE-1-specific CTL clone, 82/30. These results suggest that this type of autologous ex vivo cultured population of professional APC, when pulsed with the relevant-CTL-determined peptide, can serve as a novel type of candidate vaccine for active specific immunization against HLAA1-positive patients with melanoma expressing the MAGE-1 antigen.
Effects of Antioxidants on Growth, Sporulation and Pseudomycelium Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and propyl gallate were evaluated for their effects on growth, sporulation and pseudomycelium production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As little as 150 ppm BHA, 300 ppm TBHQ and 3000 ppm propyl gallate significantly (P 0.05) reduced the number of colonies formed on agar media compared with controls. The rate of growth was adversely affected by as little as 50 ppm BHA, 100 ppm TBHQ and 500 ppm propyl gallate. At pH 3 and 7, there was a combined inhibitory effect with antioxidants on the rate of growth compared to effects at pH 4–6. BHA and TBHQ increased the time required for sporulation. Production of pseudomycelium was affected by propyl gallate when the yeast was grown on corn meal agar. None of the antioxidants was as effective in a model food system (ice cream mix) containing 2% oil as they were in laboratory media.
Conformational analyses of thiirane-based gelatinase inhibitors

SB-3CT is a thiirane-containing inhibitor of the gelatinase class of matrix metalloprotease enzymes. In support of the mechanistic study of this inhibition, the conformational analyses of SB-3CT (and of two methyl-substituted derivatives) were undertaken using X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulation.
Tips and tricks for stenting the inferior vena cava.

Chronic occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) can go unnoticed because of the remarkable compensatory mechanism of the human body. On the other hand, IVC occlusion can have a significant and debilitating effect on an individual’s ability to live a normal lifestyle and be an active and productive member of society. With the introduction of endovascular technology, new treatment options have opened for patients with this condition. This article describes the technical aspects of IVC recanalization and briefly discusses follow-up care and limited reports on outcomes from the procedure.
The Lazarus Case: Life-and-Death Issues in Neonatal Intensive Care

In the world of neonatology, sometimes the moment of birth is not an affirmation of life, but a purposeful defiance of death. Thus it is appropriate that Lazarus, the biblical figure who rose from the dead, is the namesake of a malpractice suit regarding the resuscitation of a newborn baby. In the fictional lawsuit, the neonatologist present at the delivery decides to stop the resuscitation when the infant appears to be beyond reasonable care. The infant unexpectedly survives to the age of three years, with severe neurologic impairment, and the parents allege that the deficits were incurred by the neonatologist's decision. The case serves as the backbone for several discourses on decision-making in the neonatal intensive care unit in this book by pediatrician and medical ethicist John D. Lantos.
Activity in chicks as a function of visual loss and within-test duration

The activity of blinded White Leghorn chicks was compared to that of nonblinded chicks during a 12-min activity test. The hypothesis that blinded chicks would be less active than nonblinded chicks was not supported. Activity, as measured by disruption of a photobeam, increased significantly across the three successive 4-min periods of the activity test. The results suggest that the decline in activity often observed in rodents during an activity test may not always be an adequate measure of habituation to the test environment.
Phase dynamics in nanosecond pulsed dye laser amplification

We examine the evolution of the optical phase in a nanosecond-pumped dye amplifier and show that the time-dependent gain introduces optical phase distortions. For the case of uniform pumping and weak input-beam intensity an analytic expression for the evolution of the optical phase is derived. Even for a temporally symmetric pump pulse the amplified pulse has an asymmetric frequency spectrum caused by the contribution of the fluorescence rate to the dynamics of the amplification process. When the injected beam is pulsed, the evolution of the optical phase varies with the relative timing between the input and the pump pulses. The model is tested against experimental results for an amplifier that uses DCM dye dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The rms deviation between the measured and the calculated behavior of the instantaneous frequency is less than 6 MHz.
Multidimensional turbo product and generalized LDPC codes with component RS codes suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission

We present two hard-decision decoding schemes suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission. The first scheme is based on multidimensional turbo product codes (MTPCs) with component Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The second scheme is based on generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes with component RS codes. The proposed schemes perform comparable to recent concatenation of RS and LDPC codes proposal, and solve the problem of nonexistence of A/D converters operating above 100 Gb/s.
Comparison of transition and freestream disturbance measurements obtained in two wind tunnel facilities

Boundary-layer transition measurements have been made on two 5-deg half-angle cones at Mach 7 in the Ames 3.5-foot and the Langley variable density wind tunnels. Although there were differences between the measured freestream disturbance scales and pressure fluctuation levels, the choice of consistent locations within the transition region, using either thin-film fluctuation or surface heat-transfer data results in excellent agreement between the transition Reynolds numbers in both facilities. However, there is an apparent connection between changes in freestream pressure fluctuation levels and movement of boundary-layer transition location in the two facilities.
Sexual dysfunction and sudden death in epileptic male EL mice: inheritance and prevention with the ketogenic diet.

Summary: Purpose: The EL mouse is an animal model for multifactorial idiopathic epilepsy. Although EL mice have been studied extensively for >45 years, the etiology of male sudden death and its relation to seizures have not been defined. Here we investigated the cause of EL male sudden death and its relation to epilepsy. Methods: For histopathologic analysis, the terminally ill EL mice (n = 15) were killed, and the tissues were fixed. Blood chemical composition was compared between the terminally ill EL (n = 9) and the healthy age-matched EL (n = 17) and DDY (n = 11) males. To determine the effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) on sudden male death, young male EL mice (P30) were randomly separated into two groups that were fed ad libitum with either Agway lab chow (control n = 38) or with the KD (treated, n = 39) for 5 months. The genetic predisposition to sudden death was analyzed in the backcross generation (n = 106) of a cross between EL and the nonepileptic ABP strains. Results: Sudden death coincided with the onset of seizures (70–80 days) and affected 94% of male EL mice by age 300 days. Urethral plugs were observed histologically in 13 of 15 longitudinally sectioned penises. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, and calcium in the terminally ill mice were significantly elevated when compared with those of healthy animals. None of the mice treated with the KD experienced sudden death, whereas 15 (39%) of the untreated control mice died by age 5 months. The sudden death in male EL mice was inherited as an autosomal recessive sex-limited lethal trait. Conclusions: The cause of sudden death in male EL mice arises from abnormal ejaculation, which produces a urethral plug with consequent urinary retention and acute severe uremia. The coincident onset of seizures and sudden death in EL males suggests that a sexual dysfunction is associated with epilepsy in this model.
Psychrophiles in Milk Held Two Days in Farm Bulk Cooling Tanks

Summary Predominant psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from 174 samples of every-other-day milk from bulk milk cooling tanks from 12 farms producing Grade A milk. The 220 isolates so obtained were identified as to genus and species as far as possible. For the most part they fell into the genera Aerobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus , and Pseudomonas . Species of these genera are listed. Not all of the species could grow in pasteurized milk within three days at the cooling tank temperature of 38° F. (3.3° C.), although they formed colonies in seven days at 5° C. on plate count agar, and most of them could grow in pasteurized milk at 45° F. (7.2° C.) All of the species grew little, if any, in raw milk in the cooling tanks at 38° F. During barn feeding and holding of the cows, Arthrobacter species usually were predominant in the every-other-day milks, with Pseudomonas second in frequency and Micrococcus third. While the cows were on pasture, bacteria of the genus Flavobacterium were most often predominant, followed by Arthrobacter , and Alcaligenes first was detected. There was an average sevenfold increase in total numbers of psychrophiles when the cows went on to pasture from barn housing. There seemed to be a tendency for a certain genus of psychrophile to predominate in milk from a given farm, although the method of holding and feeding, barn versus pasture, had an important influence.
Viscoelastic material characterization and modeling for polyethylene

An extensive set of stress relaxation and constant strain rate tests for characterizing the mechanical responses of a medium density polyethylene and a high density polyethylene that are commonly used in natural gas distribution piping is described and analyzed. The development of coherent master curves for the relaxation modulus, maximum stress, and the time-to-failure for pressurized pipes through a combination of both horizontal and vertical shifting is presented. The relaxation data are used to develop a nonlinear Viscoelastic material model. The model is assessed by making comparisons of the predicted stress-strain response with the measured response in the constant strain rate tests.
Frequency of acute and healed myocardial infarcts in fatal cardiac amyloidosis

Abstract Transmural (involvement of more than the inner one-half of the myocardial wall) left ventricular necrosis or fibrosis is most often secondary to severe (>75% crosssectional area) narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques of 1 or more of the major epicardial coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction also may occur without significant narrowing of an epicardial coronary artery in several conditions, including hypertrophie cardiomyopathy, 1,2 dilated cardiomyopathy, 3 left or right ventricular outflow obstruction 4–10 and anomalies of coronary arterial origin or course. 11 Another condition associated with myocardial infarction without significant narrowing of 1 or more of the epicardial coronary arteries is cardiac amyloidosis. Our necropsy experience with myocardial infarction associated with cardiac amyloidosis is summarized here.
Geochemical controls on peatland pore water from the Hudson Bay Lowland: a multivariate statistical approach

Abstract Pore-water samples were collected in the Albany River drainage basin of the Hudson Bay Lowland. The chemistry of these samples was evaluated using bivariate plots, cluster analysis and principal component analysis to determine the importance of groundwater and to evaluate geochemical processes within the peat. The transport of dissolved constituents from the mineral soil into the peat column is a dominant control on peat pore-water chemistry. Peatland landforms have different signatures for pore-water chemistry; bogs are characterized by elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, CH 4 , SiO 2 , K + and larger mineral ion errors, whereas fens are characterized by their higher pH and alkalinity. Large mineral ion balance errors (up to 99%), the inverse relationship between pH and dissolved organic carbon and the positive correlation between mineral ion balance error and dissolved organic carbon show that organic acids are important anions in bog pore waters. Methane concentrations and SO 4 2− concentration are inversely related, suggesting that SO 4 2− inhibits CH 4 production. Peat pore water at several locations contains high concentrations of marine salts (SO 4 2− , Cl − , and Na + ) in the lower half of the peat column, indicating that the marine sediments contain sea salts. We suggest that SO 4 2− from these marine sediments may reduce methane production in portions of the Hudson Bay Lowland.
Full-potential all-electron positron lifetime calculations: Assessment of local enhancement factors

We report the implementation of positron wave function and lifetime calculations in the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Calculations of lifetimes for more than 30 materials with two different forms of the enhancement factor were done and compared to prior calculations and experiment. We find that reasonable agreement with experiment can be obtained within the local density approximation when all-electron full-potential calculations are done.
MicroRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant, endogenous, short, noncoding RNAs that act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by base-pairing with their target mRNA. During the last decade, substantial knowledge has accumulated regarding the biogenesis of miRNAs, their molecular mechanisms and functional roles in a variety of cellular contexts. Altered expression of certain miRNA molecules in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson suggests that miRNAs could have a crucial regulatory role in these disorders. Polymorphisms in miRNA target sites may also constitute an important determinant of disease risk. Additionally, emerging evidence points to specific miRNAs targeting and regulating the expression of particular proteins that are key to disease pathogenesis. Considering that the amount of these proteins in susceptible neuronal populations appears to be critical to neurodegeneration, miRNA-mediated regulation represents a new target of significant therapeutic prospects. In this review, the implications of miRNAs in several neurodegenerative disorders and their potential as therapeutic interventions are discussed.
A Uranus-Neptune-Pluto opportunity.

Abstract Recently, NASA has announced a change of philosophy toward smaller, faster spacecraft. A notable example of the new philosophy are plans for a Pluto fast flyby mission, involving a 150 kg spacecraft which can reach Pluto in about 7 years. In this paper, automated software is used to investigate multiple-encounter missions to the outer planets which can also be flown by the Pluto fast flyby spacecraft. A particularly important result of this analysis is the discovery of a three-planet opportunity with Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
MO-D-213CD-01: Cartesian Methods for Rapid Time-Resolved MR Angiography.

The physics of the MR image formation fundamentally trades off spatial resolution with temporal resolution. Time spent in acquiring data for the second image of a time series can alternatively be spent in sampling higher spatial frequencies for the first image to improve its spatial resolution. Historically this tradeoff has been addressed by making the k‐space sampling rate high, such as with very short repetition times, and with methods such as view sharing in which only a portion of k‐space is updated from one image to the next in a time series. Over a decade ago the method of parallel acquisition was proposed in which the signals detected by the individual elements comprising a multi‐element receiver coil are used to provide further spatial discrimination and reduce acquisition time. These approaches include those based in image space (SENSE) or in k‐ space (SMASH, GRAPPA). In the last decade these methods have been integrated in contrast‐enhanced MRA (CE‐MRA) to provide a radical improvement in performance. CE‐MRA is an application particularly well suited to these methods. The general desire for MRA images to be three‐dimensional allows the use of 2D implementation of parallel acquisition, generally much more robust than 1D implementation. Also, the SNR loss associated with parallel acquisition is tempered in CE‐MRA because high, arterial‐phase signal is sampled throughout the data acquisition. Cartesian MR data acquisition, performed along a rectilinear sampling pattern in k‐space, offers specific advantages in relative ease of implementation of 2D parallel acquisition and in “freezing” the status of the time‐varying object at a specific timepoint by use of centric view ordering. This presentation will provide a review of these methods and how they have been effectively developed and integrated within the last decade for improved time‐resolved MRA. Cartesian k‐space sampling patterns can now be quickly selected on a patient‐ and anatomy‐specific basis for optimum acceleration. Receiver coil arrays have been adapted to allow up to 20× reduction in the number of k‐space points sampled for a given spatial resolution.Reconstructionhardware now allows generation of 3D images within only hundreds of msec after data acquisition, permitting real‐time generation of diagnostic quality images and their use in interactively guiding other processes. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand recently developed physics techniques which have allowed a 20x improvement in the speed of data acquisition for MR angiography 2. Understand how Cartesian sampling of k‐space facilitates the practical and effective implementation of these techniques 3. Show how contemporary implementation of these physics techniques has provided a significant improvement in MRA image quality over the last decade.
Prednisolone effects upon body and organ weights, water intake, and several behaviors.

Abstract Various behavioral sequelae have been noted in patients receiving prolonged, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. The present study assayed several behavioral dimensions of rats receiving daily intramuscular injections of the synthetic glucocorticoid, prednisolone. Specifically, assessments of water intake, nocioception, locomotion, and the grasping responses were conducted; measures of gonadal, adrenal, and total body weights were also taken. Twelve daily injections were given to four groups (N = 6/group) of immature male rats with each group receiving a different dose of drug (0.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0 mg/kg). Prednisolone generally suppressed home-cage water intake, and latencies to hind paw-lick in the hot-plate assay. Measures of wheel running and the grasping response were generally enhanced. Absolute gonadal and adrenal weights as well as total body weights were decreased. Relative organ weights suggested that daily prednisole treatments had produced suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis. It was concluded that prednisolone is active in these assays and that such measures may be useful in studies of drug interaction with this agent.
Effects of pulsed electric fields on mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro.

Abstract The effects of pulsed electric fields on cell membranes were investigated. In vitro exposure of mouse splenocytes to a single high-voltage pulse resulted in an increase in membrane permeability that was dependent on both the electric field strength and the pulse duration. Exposure to a 2 μs, 3.0 kV/cm pulse resulted in the induction of a 1.26 V transmembrane potential, and elicited a 50% loss of intracellular K+. These results are in agreement with previous studies of the effects of pulsed electric fields on erythrocytes and microorganisms. The effect of pulsed electric fields on the functional integrity of lymphocytes was i vestigated by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation by cells cultured in the presence and absence of various mitogens following exposure to an electrical pulse. No statistically significant effects on the response of mouse spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide were observed following exposure to 2 μs electric pulses at amplitudes of up to 3.5 kV/cm. Exposure to a single 10 μs pulse of 2.4–3.5 kV/cm produced a statistically significant reduction in the response of lymphocytes to lipopolysaccharide stimulation that was attributed to cell death.
Limits on Allomorphy: A Case Study in Nominal Suppletion

Reporting on a study of 79 languages (see appendix B), I argue that (morpho-)syntactic structure plays a crucial role in two observed asymmetries: (i) in nouns number-driven root suppletion is common while case-driven root suppletion is virtually unattested, and (ii) in contrast to lexical nouns, pronouns commonly supplete for both number and case. I propose that the structural difference between lexical nouns and pronouns, combined with locality effects as proposed in Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle and Marantz 1993), account for the two asymmetries, which raises the question whether these can be captured in frameworks that deny that hierarchical syntactic structure plays a role in the morphology, such as Word and Paradigm approaches (e.g. Anderson 1992, Stump 2001).
Autoinhibition and Signaling by the Switch II Motif in the G-protein Chaperone of a Radical B12 Enzyme

MeaB is an accessory GTPase protein involved in the assembly, protection, and reactivation of 5′-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). Mutations in the human ortholog of MeaB result in methylmalonic aciduria, an inborn error of metabolism. G-proteins typically utilize conserved switch I and II motifs for signaling to effector proteins via conformational changes elicited by nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. Our recent discovery that MeaB utilizes an unusual switch III region for bidirectional signaling with MCM raised questions about the roles of the switch I and II motifs in MeaB. In this study, we addressed the functions of conserved switch II residues by performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Our results demonstrate that the GTPase activity of MeaB is autoinhibited by switch II and that this loop is important for coupling nucleotide-sensitive conformational changes in switch III to elicit the multiple chaperone functions of MeaB. Furthermore, we report the structure of MeaB·GDP crystallized in the presence of AlFx− to form the putative transition state analog, GDP·AlF4−. The resulting crystal structure and its comparison with related G-proteins support the conclusion that the catalytic site of MeaB is incomplete in the absence of the GTPase-activating protein MCM and therefore unable to stabilize the transition state analog. Favoring an inactive conformation in the absence of the client MCM protein might represent a strategy for suppressing the intrinsic GTPase activity of MeaB in which the switch II loop plays an important role. Background: MeaB is a G-protein chaperone of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). Results: Mutations in the canonical switch II motif disrupt signaling in the MeaB-MCM complex. Conclusion: The switch II loop is autoinhibitory for the intrinsic GTPase activity of MeaB. Significance: Signaling in the MeaB-MCM complex is achieved via nucleotide-dependent conformational coupling between switches II and III.
PORTRAYAL OF MARRIED SEX IN THE MOVIES

While media research has incidentally addressed the portrayal of sex between married partners, this study specifically analyzed how sexuality between married couples is depicted in popular films, as represented by the top 25 movie video rentals of 1998. Of the occurrences of sexual behavior (N=105), married partners represented 15 percent of the total compared to 85 percent for unmarried couples. The most common sexual behavior among husbands and wives was passionate kissing, which accounted for 63 percent of their sexual activity. By comparison, implied intercourse was the most common sexual behavior among unmarried partners, occurring in 38 percent of their sexual encounters. This and other findings suggest that sexual behavior among married characters is rare and rather mundane compared to those having unmarried sex. These findings and their implications are discussed.
ON CHOOSING BETWEEN FUZZY SUBSETS

The problem of selecting the highest grade of membership of fuzzy subsets of type 2 and of choosing the most truthful of a group of fuzzy propositions involve making a choice among fuzzy subsets on the unit interval. A procedure is proposed for the selection of fuzzy subsets on the unit interval. This procedure involves selecting the subset closest to a linear membership function on the unit interval.
Fibromatoses: from postsurgical surveillance to combined surgery and radiation therapy.

Abstract The results of management of two groups of patients with musculoaponeurotic (desmoid tumors) and plantar fibromatoses seen at Massachusetts General Hospital (NIGH) during the period 1970–1985 are examined: (a) 26 patients who had had surgical resection for their primary fibromatosis but whose surgical margins were positive and who received no further treatment; and (b) 24 patients who were treated for their primary or recurrent fibromatosis by radiation alone or combined with surgery. For the 26 patients who were only observed, despite the positive surgical margins, 9 have recurred; the actuarial continuous local control rate at 5 years was 68% (a median follow-up of 70 months). Five patients had gross disease left after surgery and all of them failed. Seventeen of 21 patients who had grossly complete resection have local control; the four failures have been salvaged. This result supports the rationale for a no treatment but a thorough and close follow-up policy for patients with positive margins after grossly complete resection of a primary desmoid or fascial fibromatosis. There is no risk of metastasis in these patients and hence the effort toward a conservative policy which defers radiation merits interest and further study. Of the second group, 23 patients were treated for gross disease and one patient for microscopic disease after surgical resection. All of the 10 patients who were treated for primary desmoid tumor have local control. Among the 14 recurrent desmoid tumors there have been five local failures, after treatment by radiation alone or radiation + surgery. Three patients treated by radiation alone are currently scored as incompletely regressed tumors. Accordingly 16 of the 24 patients are scored as local controls without evidence of disease and 19 of the 24 are scored as local control (complete response or partial but stable response).
Anthropology, History, and the North American Indian. A Review Article

Anthropological students of the American Indians have been in an historical mood at least since 1954, when a number of anthropologists formed the American Indian Ethnohistoric Conference (re-named in 1966, the American Society for Ethnohistory). In more recent years the field of social/cultural anthropology as a whole has taken a major historical turn. As social/cultural anthropological research became more historical, historians began showing greater attention to anthropological contributions in ethnography, linguistics, archaeology, and social theory. A number of scholars including E. E. EvansPritchard, Claude Levi-Strauss, Edward Spicer, Clifford Geertz, Bernard Cohn, Marshall Sahlins, and Renato Rosaldo among the anthropologists, and Peter Brown, Keith Thomas, Alan Macfarlane, William McLoughlin, Rhys Isaac, and Greg Dening among historians, have either discussed the relationship between the disciplines or contributed significantly to interdisciplinary research. In American Indian studies specifically, Bruce Trigger's two-volume ethnohistory of the Huron (The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660, 1976) is an important recent contribution to an historical anthropology. The major American historians now involved in American Indian research include James Axtell, Wilcomb Washburn, Francis Jennings, Gary Nash, Calvin Martin, and Alden Vaughan. Neal Salisbury's Manitou
Clinical evaluation and application of cardiac laboratory high-definition video systems

This study evaluated a new high line rate (1,023-line) high band-width (10 MHz) system, compared it to our high-definition, 525-line video system, and compared both video systems to 35-mm cine angiography in 117 patients undergoing clinically indicated coronary angiography. The subjective image quality of the 1,023-line video system was not significantly better than that of the 525-line system. High line rate, high band-width systems may have theoretical advantages, but the increased noise level under clinical angiographic conditions reduces their diagnostic quality. Comparison between video (all modes) and cine images resulted in cine being rated as the best modality, but the differences were slight. Radiation levels required for video imaging, however, were significantly less than those required for cine recording. Current clinical and computer interactive uses of video systems in the cardiac laboratory are described. The eventual role and potential replacement of cine recording by video tape systems will depend on continued developments in video recording techniques.
Computer implementation of damage models by finite element and meshfree methods

A computational methodology of a micromechanics cell model is proposed to establish the constitutive law during material fracture. As an application example, the ductile fracture process has been investigated and a new model parameter function for damage is obtained based on a computational cell modeling technique. Aspects of computer implementation for finite element and meshfree methods are described. The technique is applied to numerical examples including necking behavior of a tensile bar, a cracked panel under tension, an edge notched panel under pure bending, a plane strain plate under compression, and the ductile tearing with large deformation of a notch-bend specimen. The applications of Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM) for the ductile fracture process involving damage evolution is studied and multiresolution analysis has also been performed on shear bands. The analytical and numerical results confirm that the proposed computational methodology provides an effective way to establish the relationship between macroscale and microscale mechanical behaviors, in conjunction with considering material heterogeneities such as damage at various scales. The numerical results also show that the multiple scale RKPM possesses a strong ability to capture the physical phenomena such as shear band, large deformation, and the material instability during damage evolution.
Optimization at runtime on a nanoprocessor architecture

Our research addresses the need to efficiently execute and control the increasingly demanding and diverse nature of applications running on embedded systems. We propose optimizing an application at runtime, sharing execution resources between the runtime optimizations and the application. We use the TRIPS processor (developed by the University of Texas at Austin) to demonstrate runtime optimization using speculative slice execution on a nanoprocessor architecture (NA). Preliminary results are promising. Despite the current implementations limitations, we show speedups of 7%/25% (whole application/single task), with larger speedups are possible for future implementations.
Cash-out vs. cash-in refinancings: their dynamic relationships with stock market and real estate factors

This study addresses the relationship between cash-out and cash-in mortgage refinancings and the stock market. Liquefying home equity is the major reason for the cash-out refinancings, whereas the cash-in refinancings are primarily for an earlier mortgage payoff. This study analyses responses of each type of refinancing to innovations in the stock market, mortgage rates, effective maturity and home appreciation rates and the relative importance of these innovations to refinancing activities using orthogonalised impulse response and variance decomposition matrixes from vector autoregression. We find that changes in stock prices do appear to impact mortgage refinancing decisions.
Inducible expression by plant hormones of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase gene from Nicotiana tabacum during early flower bud formation in vitro

Abstract cDNA clones corresponding to genes induced during the early stage of flower bud formation in thin cell layer (TCL) cultures of tobacco were isolated by differential screening. Sequence analysis showed that one of the clones encoded S -adenosyl- l -homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), which is known to be an enzyme regulating intracellular transmethylation reactions. Recently, it was also found to be a cytokinin-binding protein. An SAHH gene was isolated by screening a tobacco genomic library with the cDNA as a probe. Northern blot analysis showed that expression of the SAHH gene was greatest in pistils and roots, and could be induced by kinetin and IAA. Kinetin and IAA are required for in vitro flower differentiation in TCL culture. The promoter sequence of the gene was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and introduced in suspension-cultured cells, which rendered expression of GUS inducible by kinetin. Possible involvement of SAHH in regulation of gene expression, cytokinin signal transduction and flower differentiation is discussed.
Coding the Location of the Arm by Sight

Area 5 in the parietal lobe of the primate brain is thought to be involved in monitoring the posture and movement of the body. In this study, neurons in monkey area 5 were found to encode the position of the monkey's arm while it was covered from view. The same neurons also responded to the position of a visible, realistic false arm. The neurons were not sensitive to the sight of unrealistic substitutes for the arm and were able to distinguish a right from a left arm. These neurons appear to combine visual and somatosensory signals in order to monitor the configuration of the limbs. They could form the basis of the complex body schema that we constantly use to adjust posture and guide movement.
Tolerance, Transition, and Support for Civil Liberties in Russia:

Research on the U.S.S.R. and its successor states since the late Gorbachev era has found substantial public support for the idea of free elections, multiple parties, and expanded civil rights. But it also points to a gap between support for democratic values in the abstract versus willingness to apply them in practice. People who profess democratic values (demophiles) appear to be all too willing to deny rights to groups they dislike. Interpretations of this tolerance gap have focused on the confusion wrought by democratic transition, on the complexity of the idea of tolerance, and on the legacies of authoritarian culture. This article suggests instead that demophiles are responding rationally to the fragility of new democratic institutions. The tolerance gap is less the product of confusion or ingrained authoritarian culture than a logical response to political chaos.
Genomic Imprinting: Parental differentiation of the genome

Genomic imprinting is the biological process whereby a gene or genomic domain exists in a state of epigenetic differentiation that depends upon its parent of origin. Importantly, the establishment and propagation of these parent-specific genomic conformations does not alter the primary DNA sequence comprised of A, C, G, and T nucleotides. Genomic imprints may be covalent (DNA methylation) or non-covalent (DNA-protein and DNA-RNA interactions, genomic localization in nuclear space), and the process of imprinting encompasses the specialized nuclear enzymatic machinery that maintains parental epigenetic markings throughout the cell cycle. Because of genomic imprinting, the parent of origin of homologous genetic alleles in diploid individuals can be determined in the absence of DNA sequence polymorphisms and without recourse to parental DNA samples. As illustrated in Figure 1, alleles of imprinted genes look and behave differently, as determined by parent of origin.
Applicability of Dlvo Theory to the Formation of Ordered Arrays of Monodisperse Latex Particles

Monodisperse latexes often display irisdescent colors, particularly those subjected to dialysis, ion exchange, or serum replacement and those concentrated to high solids. These iridescent colors have been shown to result from Bragg reflection of light from successive planes of ordered latex particles. One hypothesis proposed to explain this ordering and the accompanying two-phase transition is the so-called Kirkwood-Alder transition, which proposes a two-phase system over a narrow free volume range as the volume is increased, starting from a close-packed system of spheres. This paper proposes another hypothesis based on DLVO electric double layer theory. Computer calculations based on the DLVO theory show that repulsive forces are still significant over all particle separation distances and electrolyte concentrations at which iridescence is observed. Therefore, a potential well of repulsion can be calculated where the steepness and height of the repulsive barrier can give an indication of the state of the system, even in a two-phase region. The potential well of repulsion has been calculated as a function of latex particle size and concentration, surface potential, and electrolyte concentration. The results of these calcultations are in accord with experimental observations of the phase boundaries between ordered, disordered and co-existing ordered-disordered regions; however, it is necessary to invoke the minimization of the entropy in the coexisting ordered-disordered state over that in the disordered state.
Reactive triblock polymers from tandem ring-opening polymerization for nanostructured vinyl thermosets

Multiply functional hydroxyl telechelic poly(cyclooctene-s-5-norbornene-2-methylene methacrylate) was synthesized by ring opening metathesis (co)polymerization of cis-cyclooctene and 5-norbornene-2-methylene methacrylate using the second generation Grubbs catalyst in combination with a symmetric chain transfer agent bearing hydroxyl functionality. The resulting hydroxyl-telechelic polymer was used as a macroinitiator for the ring opening transesterification polymerization of d,l-lactide to form reactive poly(lactide)-b-poly(cyclooctene-s-5-norbornene-2-methylene methacrylate)-b-poly(lactide) triblock polymers. Subsequently, the triblocks were crosslinked by free radical copolymerization with several vinyl monomers including styrene, divinylbenzene, methyl methacrylate, and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Certain conditions led to optically transparent thermosets with mesoscale phase separation as evidenced by small angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Disordered, bicontinuous structures with nanoscopic domains were generated in several cases, rendering the samples attractive for size-selective membrane applications.
Overtreatment of gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in 2 inner-city emergency departments.

Abstract Background Infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are the most commonly reported sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of overtreatment of GC and CT infections in the emergency department (ED). The secondary objective was to determine if there are clinical variables that predict infection with GC and CT. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed at 2 inner-city hospitals. Records were obtained from the evaluation of female patients who presented to the ED between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, who were tested for GC and CT infection. A standardized form was used to extract specific information from each medical record. Results Data were extracted from 538 medical records. Of the 522 ED visits, 32 (6%) yielded test results positive for either GC or CT, including 3 that were positive for both. Treatment was administered to 101 patients (19%) and declined by an additional 9 (2%). Of those receiving antibiotics, 87 of 101 (0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.92) had negative test results. Of those not offered antibiotics, 17 of 412 (0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.07) had positive test results. The overtreatment proportion was similar at hospitals (55/66 [0.83] and 32/35 [0.91], respectively). Of clinical variables that were considered, only age less than 19 years was statistically associated with a positive test result for GC and CT. Conclusion The rate of overtreatment for GC and CT was 86%. The practice of empirical treatment should be reconsidered.