cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Myelomalacia Due to Cartilage Emboli Associated with Chronic Diskospondylitis in a Group of Swine

Rear limb paralysis in market age swine occurs sporadically and can be attributed to a variety of causes, including fractures, spinal abscesses, and ischemic myelomalacia due to cartilage (fibrocartilage) emboli from the nucleus pulposus.11,16 Cartilage emboli resulting in ischemic myelomalacia have been reported in several species, most commonly in adult largeand giant-breed dogs and rarely in swine.4– 6,9,10,14–16 In a recent report, there was a high incidence of rear limb paresis/paralysis in a large group of finishing pigs caused by ischemic myelomalacia due to fibrocartilage emboli in the spinal cord.3 However, no factors were identified in the affected pigs that predisposed them to development of cartilage emboli. In this follow-up report to that case, we describe an additional group of finishing pigs with ischemic myelomalacia caused by cartilage emboli. These pigs also had chronic diskospondylitis. Market weight swine in a production unit with approximately 1,800 grow–finish swine developed a high incidence of acute rear limb paralysis following transportation to market (25/1,800 swine affected).3 These swine were from a high-lean, heavily muscled genetic line that had a rapid growth rate, and they were extremely large (127 kg) when transported. Nine of these paralyzed swine were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL) for necropsy. All 9 of these swine had ischemic myelomalacia associated with cartilage emboli in spinal cord vessels. However, abnormalities in the spine were not detected, and a predisposing cause for the cartilage emboli was not discovered. Several weeks later, acute rear limb paralysis developed in several market weight swine in additional groups (500 swine/group) from the same production unit. The circumstances of this episode were similar to those of the previous episode of paralysis, occurring after transportation to market. Five paralyzed swine were submitted to the ISU-VDL for necropsy and complete examination of the spinal cord and spine. The spinal cords were removed following dorsal laminectomy, and the spines were sectioned longitudinally with a bandsaw in a dorsoventral vertical plane. Sections of vertebrae, intervertebral disks, and the entire spinal cords from all 5 pigs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Vertebrae were demineralized in a 25% aqueous solution of formic acid, and all tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 mm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Replicate sections were stained with Alcian blue at pH 2.5 to identify fragments of nucleus pulposus.
BOTTOM-UP DYNAMICS OF ALLOCHTHONOUS INPUT: DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF SEABIRDS ON ISLANDS

Allochthonous marine input is a key component of the dynamics of islands and terrestrial coastal ecosystems on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico, where an unproductive desert juxtaposes a highly productive ocean. In this area, seabirds are a major conduit bringing marine productivity to land. Seabirds leave guano on roosting and nesting islands, and carrion on nesting islands. We analyze how seabirds affect the abundance of a dominant consumer group, tene- brionid beetles, on 25 islands in the Gulf of California over a three-year period. Tenebrionid densities vary by three orders of magnitude among islands. Beetles are most abundant in areas influenced by seabirds: they are approximately five times more dense on nesting and roosting islands than on other islands and on mainland sites, and approximately six times more dense inside vs. outside colonies. Path analyses show that seabirds significantly affect beetles by two distinct pathways. On roosting islands, effects are mainly indirect: guano, a fertilizing nutrient, significantly enhances plant productivity; beetles eat plant detritus. On nesting islands, significant effects are primarily direct: beetles eat seabird carrion; the indirect pathway (guano and plants) contributes little on these islands. By providing energy and nutrients to fuel a diverse array of consumer populations, seabirds are central to the dynamics of these island ecosystems. Scavengers and avian parasites directly increase by eating seabird products. Likewise, populations of consumers that eat detritus, plant tissues, and seeds are enhanced indirectly via the fertilizing effects of guano on plants. Increases in these primary consumers indirectly facilitate high densities of many predators. Thus, consumer populations on these islands are deeply subsidized by substantial input from seabirds. Because consumers cannot influence the renewal rate of their allochthonous resources, the dynamics of these consumers and their food webs are largely donor controlled.
Autologous and synthetic urethral slings for female incontinence

Over the past decade, urethral slings have emerged as the procedure of choice for the surgical correction of most types of female urinary stress incontinence. A variety of materials, autologous, alloplastic, and synthetic, have been used successfully as urethral slings. In the next decade, it is hoped that a better understanding of the factors that influence surgical success will translate into continued refinement of surgical technique.
MARKET EARNINGS RISKS AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS IN TRAMP SHIPPING INDUSTRY

Due to recent decade long cycle of economic crisis, the association between volatility and risk has been off interest in volatility modeling literature, as it reveals that earnings volatility affects firms value. The aim of this study is to measure market earnings volatility and its spillover effects between tanker and dry bulk shipping markets in tramp shipping industry. We first model tanker and dry bulk shipping market earnings volatility in hope of shedding light about risks of these two important markets shipping. Then, we investigate whether there is a mean and volatility spillover between these two important shipping markets earnings in order to find out if shocks in one market influence or have spillover impact into returns and volatility in other market. The empirical results indicate that tanker shipping market earnings are more volatile compared to that of in dry bulk shipping market. Results also reveal a long term relationship between the two markets, with significant positive unidirectional mean spillover effect from dry bulk to tanker shipping market. Similar conclusion is observed when considering submarkets based on the size of the ship.
Screening of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Taiwan.

The impact of HIV infection on Taiwans tuberculosis epidemic was investigated in a prospective study of all 378 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (mean age 53.5 years) admitted to the Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau in 1996. Bacteriologic or pathologic evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was obtained in 306 cases (81%); the remaining 72 patients had chest radiographs and clinical courses consistent with a tuberculosis diagnosis. In the former group the sputum smear yielded acid-fast bacilli in 279 patients (73.8%) and sputum cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 263 (69.6%). Only 1 patient an overseas Chinese man with a history of encounters with prostitutes was HIV-positive. His symptoms included cough weight loss and malaise of 4 months duration. His sputum culture was positive for M. tuberculosis and the chest radiograph revealed diffuse non-cavity infiltration lesions over the bilateral lung parenchyma and mediastinum lymphadenopathy. These findings suggest that the impact of HIV infection on Taiwans tuberculosis epidemic is not significant at present in part because HIV remains uncommon. However continued monitoring of dual infection is essential to guide tuberculosis control efforts.
Serial Murder and Victim Responses: Events and Aftermath of the Jeffrey Dahmer Case

The Jeffrey Dahmer serial murder case broke the silence of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with his detection and arrest on 22 July 1991. Officers Rauth and Mueller were approached by Tracy Edwards, then wearing a handcuff dangling from one wrist, who told them that some strange white man had handcuffed him. Returning to Dahmer's apartment, they discovered Dahmer's secrets. Seven skulls, four heads, and assorted body parts were recovered from his apartment. The ensuing turmoil was expressed in victim family denial and anger, community outrage and feelings of insecurity, legal debates over the appropriateness of the insanity plea, and news media sensationalism. Victim issues related to the case continued into 1996 when the final destruction of part of Dahmer's belongings appeared to close the sordid chapter of Jeffrey Dahmer's life. The author traces the path of the victims' families to case conclusion after the bludgeoning death of Dahmer in a Wisconsin prison.
Effects of biological and operational factors on evolution of insecticide resistance in Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Effects of biological and operational factors on rates of development of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Liriomyza leafminers were studied with a simulation model. Under the conditions examined, resistance evolved faster as fecundity increased, but a range of 5–50 eggs per female per day had relatively little effect. Immigration of susceptibles slowed resistance development, but variation from 0–0.01 adult immigrants per leaf per day did not greatly affect predictions. A refuge for 10%of the adults slowed resistance development. Reductions in spray frequency and dose substantially slowed resistance development. Model projections agree reasonably well with available data and may be useful for understanding and managing resistance in Lirlomyza .
Integration of Sustainable Manufacturing Systems into Smart Grids with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources

Due to global climate change, many energy sectors are witnessing various efforts to make their systems more efficient and less pollutant. Demand response has been considered one of such efforts in power system operations. Industrial consumers of electricity, including manufacturing plants, have been attractive targets for demand response due to their large energy consumption scales. The idea of integrating manufacturing plants as a critical demand response resource in the context of smart grids with high penetration of renewable resources has drawn attention from both academia and industry. However, adjusting electricity demand considering the consumer's constraints and objectives is critical for a successful and sustainable demand response program. Therefore, in this paper, the feasibility of such an integration considering the plants' constraints is analyzed. The impact of demand response on smart manufacturing plants in a power system with high penetration of renewable energy resources is studied through a numerical case study, simulated on the modified IEEE 39-bus test system. The results show that overgeneration expected to occur especially with high solar generation can be mitigated with a large number of smart manufacturing systems, scheduled with the price signals.
Study on the Characteristics of MSM in the Floating Population Before Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Beijing

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of men who have sex with men(MSM)in the floating population before highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in Beijing,and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Existing data from the China Information System for AIDS Control and Prevention were analyzed to obtain the demographic characteristics of MSM in the floating population,average baseline CD4+T cell count before the treatment,and the median of the time interval between diagnosis and treatment. Results A total of 806 MSM were enrolled in the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program in Beijing from September 2011 to July 2012,30.8%were resident population and 69.2%were floating population.MSM in the floating population showed the following characteristics:15 to 35years old(68.0%),the unmarried(70.6%),having higher educational background,and household registration distributed widely.The average baseline CD4+T cell count was(211±110)/μL,and the median of the time interval between diagnosis and treatment was 11.8 months. Conclusions There is a great demand for HAART among MSM in the floating population in Beijing.The diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment should be started earlier.Greater emphasis needs to be placed on AIDS surveillance and prevention among MSM in the floating population.
CULTURALLY DEPRIVED CHILDREN: OPINIONS OF TEACHERS ON THE VIEWS OF RIESSMAN.

This study submitted 18 key statements from The Culturally Deprived Child by Riessman to 294 teachers of culturally deprived children. The teachers indicated the extent of their agreement or disagreement with the statements. They agreed with approximately 70 percent of the statements. Their disagreement with 11 of the remaining statements was deemed to be true disagreement and not the result of their lack of knowledge or the unreliability of their opinions.
Spontaneous thrombosis of the ductus arteriosus in a newborn, complicated by thrombus migration and massive pulmonary embolism.

A 1-day-old term baby has been referred to our unit because of respiratory distress. A transthoracic echocardiography ( Panel A ; see Supplementary data online, Movie S1 ) was performed to rule out a congenital heart disease and showed a large thrombus (red arrow) at the pulmonary site of the patent ductus arteriosus, with no shunt. There was an associated secundum …
Base Calling, Read Mapping, and Coverage Analysis

Although patient genotyping has been performed for many years, it has been limited to relatively short loci. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled genotyping at an unprecedented scale, but the clinical utility of the approach places a premium on accuracy at all four steps that lead to variant detection including library preparation and template amplification, base calling, alignment/mapping of sequence reads, and coverage analysis to assess the overall quality and completeness of the targeted genotype region. A quality score is assigned to each base call that indicates the confidence of the call, and is dependent on a number of factors intrinsic to the quality of a sequencing run. Since current NGS technologies produce sequence reads that are relatively short, the reads must be aligned (or mapped) onto the human reference genome so the aligned reads can be used to make variant calls; sequence alignment is computationally the most difficult and expensive step of variant analysis, and is a major source of error. Genotype quality based on NGS data varies greatly from position to position within a targeted region of the genome, so variant calls themselves are normally associated with a quality score derived from various metrics in order to judge the reliability of the variant call within a specific position of the targeted region.
Supramolecular delivery of fluorescent probes in developing embryos

Self-assembling nanocarriers of amphiphilic polymers encapsulate hydrophobic fluorophores in their hydrophobic interior and, upon injection in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, release their cargo into the cellular blastoderm. The fluorescence of the delivered probes can be detected immediately upon injection to allow the visualization of the very early stages of embryogenesis.
Diffusive fractionation of trace elements in basaltic melt

The chemical diffusivities of 25 trace elements (Sc, V, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Th, and U) in basaltic melt were measured in diffusion couple experiments performed at 1 GPa pressure and temperatures from 1250 to 1500 °C. Trace element concentration gradients developed in the glasses were simultaneously characterized using laser ablation ICP/MS to create an internally consistent data set. A ratio-fitting technique was employed to accurately determine the relative diffusivities of the rare earth elements (REE). All diffusion coefficients conform to the expected Arrhenius relation D = D 0exp(−E a /RT), where the constant log(D 0, m2/s) ranges from −3.81 to −5.11 and E a ranges from 161.73 to 223.81 kJ/mol. The slowest diffusivities are obtained for the high-field-strength elements; the fastest diffusivities are obtained for the low-field-strength elements. Trace element diffusion in MORB follows the compensation law, where log D 0 is linearly correlated with E a. Arrhenius parameters for diffusion of trivalent REE monotonically increase from La to Lu and are near-linear functions of bond strength (the variation in Arrhenius parameters means that the diffusivities decrease monotonically from La to Lu at a given T). The new data for trace element diffusion in basaltic melt can be used to explore the potential for diffusive fractionation of trace elements using kinetic models. Concentrations of the slower-diffusing heavy REE may be altered relative to those of the faster-diffusing light REE as a diffusive boundary layer develops in melt–melt and crystal–melt systems. The results indicate that diffusion in basalt can be an effective mechanism to fractionate trace elements from one another.
The impact of agricultural conservation easement on nearby house prices: Incorporating spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity

The impact of farmland under agricultural conservation easement (ACE) contract on the values of nearby residential properties is investigated using housing sales data in two Pennsylvania counties. ACE-protected farmland had a positive impact on nearby property values in one study county but a negative impact in the other. The paper also looks at the impact of forest land use, and discovers that preserved forest land had a positive impact on the nearby property values in both counties. House prices showed strong spatial correlation in both counties, and a spatial error components (SEC) model fit the data better than the OLS model, a spatial-lag model (SLM), or a spatial autoregressive error model (SEM). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) showed that the impact of ACE-protected farmland on nearby property values varied within one of the two study counties, with positive impacts in some parts of the county and negative impacts in other parts. The impact of forest cover on property values also varied, with positive impacts within both counties. A new hybrid GWR-SEC model is introduced that incorporates both spatial correlation in prices and spatial heterogeneity in the model parameters. Statistical goodness of fit measures showed that the GWR-SEC model fit better than the GWR model or a hybrid GWR-SEM model.
Republic X and Euripides' Dionysius: Freedom,Form and Formlessness

Plato’s Republic defends the “forms” or eide. They are the defined shape of a thing – bed, couch, couch-maker – and they enable us to know what is a bed, couch, couch-maker. They enable us to distinguish one from another, the couch from the bed, and, in Socrates’ story, they are grounded in a nature that the artist cannot capture. In Euripides’ tragedy The Bacchae, Dionysius the god of theater, wine and illusion is constantly shifting forms while his antagonist struggles to impose a form on the threatening god. The violent ending to Euripides’ tragedy does not vindicate the efforts to impose forms and the completeness such forms entail, but it does raise questions about the impact of an inability to establish the sort of boundaries – between gods and men, between men and women, between humans and animals – that the Socratic forms offer, suggesting a conflict between form and formlessness or the place of freedom on the polity. Book X in the Republic revises in important respects the earlier discussion of the imitative arts in the Republic. That revision may offer a resolution of the tension between total freedom from forms of the BAcchae and the enslaving power of forms in Callipolis.
Implementing an accurate and rapid sparse sampling approach for low-dose atomic resolution STEM imaging

While aberration correction for scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) dramatically increased the spatial resolution obtainable in the images of materials that are stable under the electron beam, the practical resolution of many STEM images is now limited by the sample stability rather than the microscope. To extract physical information from the images of beam sensitive materials, it is becoming clear that there is a critical dose/dose-rate below which the images can be interpreted as representative of the pristine material, while above it the observation is dominated by beam effects. Here, we describe an experimental approach for sparse sampling in the STEM and in-painting image reconstruction in order to reduce the electron dose/dose-rate to the sample during imaging. By characterizing the induction limited rise-time and hysteresis in the scan coils, we show that a sparse line-hopping approach to scan randomization can be implemented that optimizes both the speed of the scan and the amount of the sample that needs to be illuminated by the beam. The dose and acquisition time for the sparse sampling is shown to be effectively decreased by at least a factor of 5× relative to conventional acquisition, permitting imaging of beam sensitive materials to be obtained without changing the microscope operating parameters. The use of sparse line-hopping scan to acquire STEM images is demonstrated with atomic resolution aberration corrected the Z-contrast images of CaCO3, a material that is traditionally difficult to image by TEM/STEM because of dosage issues.
Design of GaN/AlGaN HEMT class-E power amplifier considering trapping and thermal effects

A microwave class-E power amplifier using AlGaN/GaN HEMT as the switching device is reported by incorporating trapping and thermal effects in the large-signal device model. The load network of the class-E amplifier is designed by considering more realistic exponential decay of the drain current during fall time and finite quality factor of the resonant circuit to incorporate the nonidealities of the active device and passive components. With 9 V supply voltage, calculated output power and power conversion efficiency are 89 mW and 58% at 1GHz which decrease to 84 mW and 54% at 3.8 GHz, respectively for a GaN/Al/sub 0.30/Ga/sub 0.70/N HEMT with gate width of 50 /spl mu/m.
Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies with antibody-mediated rejection and long-term outcomes following heart transplantation

Background Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) are common after heart transplantation and are associated with rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and mortality. A noninvasive diagnostic test for pathologic antibody-mediated rejection (pAMR) does not exist. Methods From January 1, 2010, through August 31, 2013, 221 consecutive adult patients underwent heart transplantation and were followed through October 1, 2015. The primary objective was to determine whether the presence of DSA could detect AMR at the time of pathologic diagnosis. Secondary analyses included association of DSA (stratified by major histocompatibility complex class and de novo status) during AMR with new graft dysfunction, graft loss (mortality or retransplantation), and development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Results During the study period, 69 patients (31.2%) had DSA (24% had de novo DSA), and there were 74 episodes of pAMR in 38 patients. Sensitivity of DSA at any mean fluorescence intensity to detect concurrent pAMR was only 54.3%. The presence of any DSA during pAMR increased the odds of graft dysfunction (odds ratio=5.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–21.47; p = 0.018), adjusting for age, sex, and timing of AMR. Circulating class II DSA after transplantation increased risk of future pAMR (hazard ratio=2.97; 95% CI, 1.31–6.73; p = 0.009). Patients who developed de novo class II DSA had 151% increased risk of graft loss (contingent on 30-day survival) compared with patients who did not have DSA (95% CI, 1.11–5.69; p = 0.027). Conclusions DSA were inadequate to diagnose pAMR. Class II DSA provided prognostic information regarding future pAMR, graft dysfunction with pAMR, and graft loss.
The Impression Management Tactics of an Immigration Think Tank

Interest groups or “think tanks” influence how people and policymakers understand public policies in part by using impression management to enhance their credibility as information sources. Using immigration policy as a case study, this research examines the impression management tactics of one interest group (the Center for Immigration Studies), compares its coverage of immigration issues to that of large-circulation U.S. newspapers, and determines the extent to which it has spread its messages across various news outlets. Although the organization’s positions on immigration represent a negative outlier in the debate, it has entered the dominant political discourse. The study offers a new methodological and conceptual framework for analyzing the behavior and impact of think tanks, as well as for studying impression management more generally.
A rare cause of tonsil mass in a child: Lymphoid polyp

Objective:Solitary mass lesions of the palatine tonsils are rare in children. While a tonsillar mass can be concerning for a neoplasm, benign conditions may present with a mass arising from the sur...
Native T1 value in the remote myocardium is independently associated with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with prior myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE To compare remote myocardium native T1 in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) and controls without MI and to elucidate the relationship of infarct size and native T1 in the remote myocardium for the prediction of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 41 chronic MI (18 anterior MI) patients and 15 age-matched volunteers with normal LV systolic function and no history of MI underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T. Native T1 map was performed using a slice interleaved T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Cine MR was acquired to assess LV function and mass. RESULTS The remote myocardium native T1 time was significantly elevated in patients with prior MI, compared to controls, for both anterior MI and nonanterior MI (anterior MI: 1099 ± 30, nonanterior MI: 1097 ± 39, controls: 1068 ± 25 msec, P < 0.05). Remote myocardium native T1 moderately correlated with LV volume, mass index, and ejection fraction (r = 0.38, 0.50, -0.49, respectively, all P < 0.05). LGE infarct size had a moderate correlation with reduced LV ejection fraction (r = -0.33, P < 0.05), but there was no significant association between native T1 and infarct size. Native T1 time in the remote myocardium was independently associated with reduced LV ejection fraction, after adjusting for age, gender, infarct size, and comorbidity (β = -0.34, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION In chronic MI, the severity of LV systolic dysfunction after MI is independently associated with native T1 in the remote myocardium. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the remote myocardium may play an important pathophysiological role of post-MI LV dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1073-1081.
Entropy generation analysis for the peristaltic flow of Cu-water nanofluid in a tube with viscous dissipation

The purpose of the current investigation is to examine the influence of different physical parameters on the entropy generation. The entropy generation number due to heat transfer and fluid friction is formulated. The velocity and temperature distributions across the tube are presented along with pressure attributes. Exact analytical solution for velocity and temperature profile is obtained. It is found that the entropy generation number attains high values in the region close to the walls of the tube, while it falls to low values near the center of the tube.
Death with Dignity: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the United States and Japan

Bioethicists continue to debate whether there are fundamental universal moral precepts that apply to all cultures or whether morality is relative and defined by cultural norms. Tom Beauchamp, for example, argues for universal moral precepts (Beauchamp, 1997), while others such as H. Tristram Engelhardt and Kevin Wildes point out the inevitability of postmodern pluralism (Engelhardt, 1996; Engelhardt and Wildes, 1994). As the longstanding leader of the Japan Association of Bioethics and advocate of bioethics in Japan, Kazumasa Hoshino has cast considerable doubt on universal moral precepts in his explication of the inadequacy of Western bioethical precepts for Japanese bioethics (Hoshino, 1997a). In the context of this current debate, we examine the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the United States (US) and Japan and how it reflects differing cultural beliefs about death with dignity. We begin with a brief description of the development and dissemination of CPR. We present data grounded in the reports of US and Japanese physicians about their own experiences and approaches to CPR. We describe how decisions are made to provide CPR, and the goals and preferred outcomes when CPR is provided in the US and Japan.
Rapid Nuclear Factor κB Activation and Cytokine and Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Expression in Edematous White Matter After Porcine Intracerebral Hemorrhage

63 Introduction: Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces secondary events in perihematomal white matter including oxidative stress, edema and demyelination. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may play a role, since tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induce vasogenic edema and TNF-α induces apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. Also, inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) reduces ICH-induced edema (Wagner et al. 2000). Since the oxidatively sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), regulates these genes, we hypothesize that NF-κB is activated and these mRNAs are expressed in perihematomal white matter early after ICH. Methods: We infused 2.5 ml of autologous blood into the frontal white matter of pentobarbital anesthetized pigs (N=12)and monitored and controlled physiologic variables. We froze brains in situ between 0.5 and 24 hrs post-ICH. We sampled tissue from perihematomal edematous and similarly located control white matter. Nuclear proteins were extracted for Western blotting (NF-κBp65 subunit) and for electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and total RNA was extracted for RT-PCR. We used porcine-specific TNF-α, IL-1β, HO-1 and β-actin primers. Relative changes in densitometric data were normalized to β-actin. Results: NF-κB was activated at 30 min in edematous white matter and remained elevated during the 24 hrs following ICH. NF-κBp65 subunit levels were increased to 160±9% of control (mean±SD, N=3)in nuclear extracts between 0.5 and 2 hrs. A further significant (p Conclusion: Early NF-κB activation and cytokine and HO-1 gene expression may underlie delayed edema, DNA fragmentation and demyelination in perihematomal white matter after ICH.
PERBAIKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN PERBANKAN MELALUI METODE SIX SIGMA

In the face of 'the people AEC 2015 Start It should fix that kita Economy Remain stable . The efforts made hearts is the World Bank About quality services should perform Repairs - Repair Services hearts shown to customers hearts for support the transaction. The author took the research object is quality service Consisting Of Physical Evidence, reliability, power with a response, we are talking about the assurance, empathy through the use of six sigma method with 23 Questions posed. Six sigma method is done to solve problems with the application of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Through DMAIC Step by Step -masing so until found the root of the problem which affects the findings Must End Its indeed improved. Should the results be improved Namely findings - findings are documented and disseminated quality improvement, Practices - Best Practices The success hearts improve standardized process and used as a standard work guidelines quality services. Based on the findings of the study it can be stated that the root of the problem are obtained in order for the steps that must achieved Keywords : Banking , quality service , using six sigma method
Learning Certifiably Optimal Rule Lists

We present the design and implementation of a custom discrete optimization technique for building rule lists over a categorical feature space. Our algorithm provides the optimal solution, with a certificate of optimality. By leveraging algorithmic bounds, efficient data structures, and computational reuse, we achieve several orders of magnitude speedup in time and a massive reduction of memory consumption. We demonstrate that our approach produces optimal rule lists on practical problems in seconds. This framework is a novel alternative to CART and other decision tree methods.
Brain–Machine Interfaces

Motor brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) allow subjects to control external devices by modulating their neural activity. BMIs record motor cortical activities, use a decoding algorithm to infer the subject’s intended movement and control a prosthetic device, and provide visual feedback to the subject. Thus BMIs can be viewed as closed-loop control systems. In this chapter, we review the computational components of a BMI and the common decoders used in the field. We then discuss in detail a recent control-theoretic high-rate BMI decoder, termed adaptive optimal feedback-controlled point process filter (OFC-PPF), which has significantly improved performance and robustness. This decoder characterizes the spikes directly using a point process model and learns the model parameters using closed-loop decoder adaptation. The decoder also models the BMI as an optimal feedback-control system to better infer the brain’s intention during adaptation. This decoder significantly improves the speed and accuracy of model adaptation. Moreover, at steady state, the learned point process filter improves performance over the state-of-the-art Kalman filters due to the fast control and feedback rates and the point process encoding model.
Sports Uniforms and Copyright: Implications for Applied Art Educators from the Star Athletica Decision

In the course of one decision, Star Athletica , the Supreme Court selected the appropriate test to delineate the line between copyrightable creative expression and non-copyrightable functional work, reversed a long-standing rule about the inability to copyright fashion, and changed the game for graphic and industrial designers wishing to protect the more pragmatic pieces of their art. This article proceeds with a brief history of the Star Athletica case, including the lower court judgments, a discussion of the Supreme Court holding in the case, the applicability of the Supreme Court holding to fashion, graphic design, and industrial design industries going forward, and concludes with some final thoughts about the implications of the outcome of the case.
Predicting non-stationary and stochastic activation of saddle-node bifurcation in non-smooth dynamical systems

Saddle-node bifurcation can cause dynamical systems undergo large and sudden transitions in their response, which is very sensitive to stochastic and non-stationary influences that are unavoidable in practical applications. Therefore, it is essential to simultaneously consider these two factors for estimating critical system parameters that may trigger the sudden transition. Although many systems exhibit non-smooth dynamical behavior, estimating the onset of saddle-node bifurcation in them under the dual influence remains a challenge. In this work, a new theoretical framework is developed to provide an effective means for accurately predicting the probable time at which a non-smooth system undergoes saddle-node bifurcation while the governing parameters are swept in the presence of noise. The stochastic normal form of non-smooth saddle-node bifurcation is scaled to assess the influence of noise and non-stationary factors by employing a single parameter. The Fokker–Planck equation associated with the scaled normal form is then utilized to predict the distribution of the onset of bifurcations. Experimental efforts conducted using a double-well Duffing analog circuit successfully demonstrate that the theoretical framework developed in this study provides accurate prediction of the critical parameters that induce non-stationary and stochastic activation of saddle-node bifurcation in non-smooth dynamical systems.
Effects of protein supplements consumed with meals, versus between meals, on resistance training-induced body composition changes in adults: a systematic review.

Context The impact of timing the consumption of protein supplements in relation to meals on resistance training-induced changes in body composition has not been evaluated systematically. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of consuming protein supplements with meals, vs between meals, on resistance training-induced body composition changes in adults. Data sources Studies published up to 2017 were identified with the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Data extraction Two researchers independently screened 2077 abstracts for eligible randomized controlled trials of parallel design that prescribed a protein supplement and measured changes in body composition for a period of 6 weeks or more. Results In total, 34 randomized controlled trials with 59 intervention groups were included and qualitatively assessed. Of the intervention groups designated as consuming protein supplements with meals (n = 16) vs between meals (n = 43), 56% vs 72% showed an increase in body mass, 94% vs 90% showed an increase in lean mass, 87% vs 59% showed a reduction in fat mass, and 100% vs 84% showed an increase in the ratio of lean mass to fat mass over time, respectively. Conclusions Concurrently with resistance training, consuming protein supplements with meals, rather than between meals, may more effectively promote weight control and reduce fat mass without influencing improvements in lean mass.
A Mix of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering

This chapter describes an expert system project called vibration analysis for rotating machinery internals (VARMINT). VARMINT has succeeded by combining three types of skill— domain knowledge, system engineering, and applied artificial intelligence (AI). Most expert system developments miserably fail by ignoring one of these—usually system engineering. Priority is given to performing an extensive requirements analysis, to using the right maintenance experts, applying expensive but essential knowledge acquisition (KA) techniques, and to designing user-oriented rather than AI-oriented code. Although KA, knowledge representation, inferencing, shells, database, communications, platform, validation, deployment, maintenance, interaction with users and customers, and technology transfer from universities are addressed, the most important information is the success of a particular engineering methodology.
Optogalvanic Effects in the Cathode Fall

Optogalvanic effects are changes in the conductance of a gas discharge caused by illumination with radiation at a wavelength corresponding to an atomic or molecular transition. These phenomena were first discovered by Penning over fifty years ago, and were rediscovered a number of times in the intervening decades (Penning, 1928). Early work on optogalvanic effects was performed using incoherent light sources (Penning, 1928: Kenty, 1950: Meissner and Miller, 1953). The development of tunable dye lasers opened many new possibilities. Optogalvanic effects became widely used as a detection method in laser spectroscopy (Camus, 1983). Many unstable or difficult to produce species such as: free radicals, atoms of refractory elements, metastables, and atoms or ions in short lived levels are readily available in a discharge. Even high resolution Doppler-free spectroscopy is performed using optogalvanic detection (Lawler et al., 1979: Goldsmith et al.,1979).
Chemistry en Route to Applications of Organic Superconductors

Sonochemically or thermally induced oxidation of bis(ethylendithiolo)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF or ET) with Cu(SCN)2 yields superconducting, microcrystalline к-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2. IR- and ESR-spectra as well as X-ray diffractograms of so-obtained material are in accordance with those of authentic samples and prove the exclusive formation of the desired compound in both procedures. Susceptibility measurements gave superconducting transition temperatures Tc around 10 K and clear evidence of a Meissner effect, which suggests that superconductivity is a bulk-property of the powder samples.
Stability of conical shells of metal composites beyond the elastic limit

The equations for integral instantaneous characteristics of composite materials consisting of elastoplastic fibers and matrix are derived based on the known hypotheses of uniform strain or stress fields. The constitutive relations for a layered shell are obtained. The numerical algorithm elaborated is used to solve the stability problem for conical boron-aluminum shells under external pressure and axial compression. It is shown that the shells of medium thickness lose their stability under loads whose magnitude depends on the plasticity of the binder. The plasticity has a decisive influence on the choice of the optimum directions of reinforcement. If the parameters of a shell are such that the buckling occurs beyond the elastic limit, the shell must be reinforced in the direction of precritical stresses. However, this is possible only upon separate action of loads.
A framework for distributed sensing and control

Logical Sensor Specification (LSS) has been introduced as a convenient means for specifying multi-sensor systems and their implementations. In this paper, we demonstrate how control issues can be handled in the content of LSS. In particular, the Logical Sensor Specification is extended to include a control mechanism which permits control information to (1) flow from more centralized processing to more peripheral processes, and (2) be generated locally in the logical sensor by means of a micro-expert system specific to the interface represented by the given logical sensor Examples are given including a proposed scheme for controlling the Utah/MIT dextrous hand.
Case 40: Iridodialysis Repair Following a Zone I Open Globe Injury

A 64-year old woman sustained a blunt injury to the left eye resulting in a large Zone I limbus to limbus corneal laceration with uveal extrusion. The uveal tissue was reposited into the eye during repair of the open globe injury . After open globe repair her visual acuity remained poor due to uveal tissue that was obscuring the visual axis and a cataract. Five months post-operatively, she underwent a second surgery, at which time cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant, iridoplasty and a corneal limbal relaxing incision were performed. In subsequent months, she also underwent YAG capsulotomy, resulting in a final best corrected visual acuity of 20/40.
Longitudinal evolution of CT and MRI LI-RADS v2014 category 1, 2, 3, and 4 observations

This study assesses the risk of progression of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categories, and the effects of inter-exam changes in modality or radiologist on LI-RADS categorization. Clinical LI-RADS v2014 CT and MRI exams at our institution between January 2014 and September 2017 were retrospectively identified. Untreated LR-1, LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 observations with at least one follow-up exam were included. Three hundred and seventy-two observations in 214 patients (149 male, 65 female, mean age 61 ± 10 years) were included during the study period (715 exams total). Cumulative incidence curves for progression to malignant LI-RADS categories (LR-5 or LR-M) and to LR-4 or higher were generated for each index category and compared using log-rank tests with a resampling extension. Relationships between inter-exam changes in LI-RADS category and modality or radiologist, adjusted for inter-exam time intervals, were modeled using mixed effect logistic regressions. Median inter-exam follow-up interval and total follow-up duration were 123 and 227 days, respectively. Index LR-1, LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 differed significantly in their cumulative incidences of progression to malignant categories (p < 0.0001), which were 0%, 2%, 7%, and 32% at 6 months, respectively. Index LR-1, LR-2, and LR-3 differed significantly in cumulative incidences of progression to LR-4 or higher (p = 0.003). MRI-MRI exam pairs had more stable LI-RADS categorization compared to CT-CT (OR = 0.460, p = 0.0018). LI-RADS observations demonstrate increasing risk of progression to malignancy with increasing category ranging from 0% for LR-1 to 32% for LR-4 at 6 months. Inter-exam modality changes are associated with LI-RADS category changes. • While the majority of LR-2 observations remain stable over long-term follow-up, LR-3 and especially LR-4 observations have a higher risk for category progression. • Category transitions between sequential exams using different modalities (CT vs. MRI) may reflect modality differences rather than biological change. MRI, especially with the same type of contrast agent, may provide the most reproducible categorization, although this needs additional validation. • In a clinical practice setting, in which radiologists refer to prior imaging and reports, there was no significant association between changes in radiologist and changes in LI-RADS categorization.
Eminent Domain and Serrated Power

This article provides an examination of the legal issues affecting siting of new wind projects and the ability of states to use preemptive state powers to preempt local zoning and land-use issues to circumvent local opposition to wind power siting, with detailed case studies of law in different states.
Counterfeit Integrated Circuits

Counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) pose a major concern to the industry and government as they potentially impact the security and reliability of a wide variety of electronic systems. A recent report [1] from the Information Handling Services Inc. [2] shows that reports of counterfeit parts have quadrupled since 2009 (see Fig. 2.1). This data has been compiled from two reporting entities—The Electronic Resellers Association International (ERAI) Inc. [3] and the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) [4]. This report states that the majority of counterfeit incidents were reported by US-based military bodies and electronic firms from the aerospace industry.
Hidden competence: women’s mathematical participation in public and private classroom spaces

This paper reports on gender and participation in one inquiry-oriented undergraduate mathematics course. While there is evidence that inquiry can better support all learners, especially women, less is known about the distribution of participation in inquiry classrooms. Here, we focus on how men and women participated in both public spaces (in plenary with the whole class) and private spaces (with their group members). We found that while many women provided a large number of high-level “why” contributions in their groups, this did not necessary translate to participation in plenary discussions. We thus argue that women’s competence was hidden to the whole class, which contributes to the systematic marginalization of women in mathematics.
Barriers and characteristics for successful transition to adult healthcare for individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review

AbstractBackground: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common childhood disability. However, these individuals are now living longer lives, participating in adult roles, and seeking healthcare services. The ...
Covid-19 fatality is likely overestimated.

The final case fatality rate (CFR) from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes covid-19, will likely be lower than those initially reported.1 Previous reviews of H1N1 and SARS show the systematic inflation of early mortality estimates.23 Early estimates of H1N1’s mortality were susceptible to uncertainty about asymptomatic and subclinical infections, heterogeneity in approaches to diagnostic testing, and biases in confounding, selection, detection, reporting, …