cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DEPTH PROFILES FOR PERMEATION OF WATER and OXYGEN IN VESICLES and TUBULE PHASES BY FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING STUDIES

Static and dynamic fluorescence data from three structurally related probe molecules [(1-pyrenyl)acetic acid, 4-(l-pyrenyl)butanoic acid, and 12-(l-pyrenyl)dodecanoic acid] were employed to determine the influence of phase structure on oxygen and water permeability in small unilamellar vesicles and microtubules of l,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-in-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC23PC). Since the pyrenyl units of the three reporter molecules probe environments at different depths in DC23PC bilayers, the aggregated information provides a depth profile of both small-molecule permeability and order. The results indicate that the probe sites are somewhat more available to water molecules immediately below the chain melting transition temperature than above it: singlet lifetimes of the pyrenyl groups undergo a clear increase as the temperature is raised in the region of the transition. This observation is consistent with melted chains being able to wrap themselves more efficiently around pyrenyl units (and thereby protect them better from water molecules) than stiff chains. The gross picture that emerges is one in which pyrenyl groups experience water and oxygen quenching via opposing concentration gradients. The concentration of oxygen is greatest near the bilayer midplane and decreases toward the aqueous interface; the concentration of water increases from the midplane to the interface.
Making Sense of Organizational Members’ Silence: A Sensemaking-Resource Model

This study presents a sensemaking-resource model of employee silence. Working adults (N = 180) provided retrospective accounts of a decision to refrain from giving upward negative feedback. Constant comparative analysis revealed workers justified their silence as a reasonable course of action by drawing on 2 sensemaking resources: expectation and identity. Emanating from these resources, participants gave 5 reasons for remaining silent: (a) predicting harm to themselves, (b) constructing the supervisor as responsible, (c) questioning their own expertise, (d) predicting supervisors’ deafness, and (e) constructing timing as inopportune. The study concludes with implications for organizational silence research.
CUBICALLY REGULARIZED STOKESLETS FOR FAST PARTICLE SIMULATIONS OF LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER DROP FLOWS

Swarms of Stokeslets have previously been shown to be effective for simulating three-dimensional, free-surface, buoyancy-driven drop flows at unit viscosity ratio, including interfacial rupture and pass-through phenomena. This article presents an efficient marker-and-cell/fast Fourier transform (MAC-FFT) algorithm that yields N log N scaling of the operations, thereby enabling accurate simulations involving millions of particles. The formerly separate steps of regularization of the Green's function (commonly used in vortex blob methods for inviscid flow) and discretization are unified by regularizing the Stokeslet over the cubical cells that form the underlying grid—as opposed to the spherical blobs used in the past. A piecewise-constant drop phase function, obtained by simple binning of the particles, thereby yields second-order quadrature of the Green's function to obtain the velocity field. An iterative cascade algorithm (adapted from Daubechies wavelets) allows the Stokes “cubelet” field to be calcula...
Nanoparticle array for visual dielectric characterization of powder

We present a nanoparticle array (NPA) to visually predict the optical dielectric constant of a thin layer of powder. We validate the proposed concept with the full-wave simulation of a design example.
Fully plastic analyses of plane strain single-edge-cracked specimens subject to combined tension and bending

Accurate yield surfaces of plane strain single-edge-cracked specimens having shallow as well as deep cracks are developed using finite element limit analyses and monotonic interpolation functions. Fully plastic shallow crack configurations are classified based on certain aspects of the yield surfaces. Relationships between incremental plastic crack tip and crack mouth opening displacements and incremental load point displacement/rotation are obtained for a wide range of relative crack depths and loading ratios. Fully plastic crack-tip fields for a sufficiently deep crack in a single-edge cracked specimen are examined to provide the stress triaxiality and the angular orientation of flow line at the crack tip in terms of the remotely applied tension-to-bending ratio. Evidence for fully plastic crack-tip stress fields consisting of an incomplete Prandtl fan and a crack plane constant state region is discussed.
Salivary and serum cortisol levels during recovery from intense exercise and prolonged, moderate exercise

The aim of this study was to compare serum (SERc) and salivary cortisol (SALc) responses during recovery from two different exhaustive exercises to determine peak cortisol sampling time and the agreement between SERc and SALc levels. Twelve healthy men underwent a maximal treadmill graded exercise to exhaustion (MEx) and a prolonged, submaximal cycle exercise in the heat for 90 min (PEx) while SERc and SALc samples were taken in parallel at baseline, end of exercise, and 15 min intervals over one hour of recovery. MEx and PEx significantly increased SERc and SALc levels (p < 0.01) while absolute SERc levels were approximately 7-10 folds higher than SALc. SERc and SALc showed highly positive correlation (R = 0.667-0.910, p < 0.05) at most sampling times and only a few individual values were out of 95% limit of agreement when analyzed by Bland-Altman plots. However, peak SERc levels (MEx: 784.0±147, PEx: 705.5±212.0 nmol · L(-1)) occurred at 15 min of recovery, whereas peak SALc levels (MEx: 102.7±46.4, PEx: 95.7±40.9 nmol · L(-1)) were achieved at the end of exercise in MEx and PEx. The recovery trend of SERc and SALc also differed following MEx and PEx. Activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzymes may be suppressed following MEx compared to PEx. In conclusion, sampling for peak SERc and SALc levels should take into account their evolution and clearance characteristics as well as type of exercise performed, whereas SALc appeared to be a more sensitive marker than SERc for the measurement of cortisol responses during exercise recovery.
Feinberg, potentiality, and abortion

Bien qu'il ne defende pas l'idee de personnalite potentielle au fondement du droit a la vie, l'A. explique pourquoi il n'admet la critique de la potentialite developpee par J. Feinberg dans le cadre du debat moral sur le droit a la vie du foetus et sur l'avortement. Examinant la distinction entre personnalite morale et personnalite du sens commun, ainsi que le critere de stricte potentialite et le critere gradualiste de potentialite, etablis par Feinberg, l'A. montre que ce ne sont pas les potentialistes, mais Feinberg qui commet une erreur logique en concluant au statut moral du foetus a partir de la premisse intenable affirmant que toute personne morale potentielle est une personne morale
Delirium: a review.

Delirium affects a diverse patient population, may present with highly variable clinical features, is a source of distress for patients and their caregivers, prolongs hospital stays and may herald a poor prognosis. Many cases of delirium are reversible and therefore a full history, physical examination and investigations should be performed. A high degree of suspicion is required for detecting delirium and thorough investigations are necessary in order to determine the underlying etiology and to maximize the potential for reversibility. The following review outlines important aspects of a clinical approach to delirium, the differential diagnosis of delirium, investigation of a patient presenting with delirium, management of delirium, the pathophysiology of delirium and the prognosis accompanying delirium.
Control for Unstable Non-Minimum Phase Uncertain Dynamic Vehicle

New control algorithm for linear uncertain systems is presented. This algorithm is applied to the control of an unstable nonminimum phase uncertain dynamic vehicle. The algorithm is based the on the state and parameters observability canonical form and certainty equivalence pole placement controller. The algorithm provides single controller for the problem of the uncertain dynamic vehicle that approaches the performance of a controller designed for perfectly known parameters within the whole range of the plant's uncertainty. The algorithm is globally bibo stable and needs only the knowledge of the order of the plant. The algorithm is presented and its performance is demonstrated by simulations.
Inferring natural selection operating on conservative and radical substitution at single amino acid sites

Natural selection operating on amino acid substitution at single amino acid sites can be detected by comparing the rates of synonymous (rS) and nonsynonymous (rN) nucleotide substitution at single codon sites. Amino acid substitutions can be classified as conservative or radical according to whether they retain the properties of the substituted amino acid. Here methods for comparing the rates of conservative (rC) and radical (rR) nonsynonymous substitution with rS at single codon sites were developed to detect natural selection operating on these substitutions at single amino acid sites. A method for comparing rC and rR at single codon sites was also developed to detect biases toward these substitutions at single amino acid sites. Charge was used as the property of the amino acids. In a computer simulation, false-positive rates of these methods were always rC, suggesting that rR > rC may not necessarily be an indicator of positive selection operating on radical substitution.
A highly linear filter and VGA chain with novel DC-offset correction in 90nm digital CMOS process

This paper presents a complete base-band chain for current and emerging WLAN in 1.4V 90nm CMOS. The chain consists of a 6/sup th/ order elliptic Gm-C 1/10/100MHz filter and five VGA stages. The design is DC-offset free and uses optimized Gm stages for linearity and low voltage operation. IIP3 is 2dBm @ 13.5dB minimum gain, while dissipating 13.5mW.
Use of a Modified Dosing Weight for Heparin Therapy in a Morbidly Obese Patient

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of successful anticoagulation using a modified dosing weight (DW) for unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy in a morbidly obese female.CASE SUMMARY:A 54-year-old morbidly obese (182.4 kg, 155 cm) white female presented to the emergency department with tachycardia, shortness of breath, and chest pain, and was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation with UFH was initiated. A modified DW of 120 kg was obtained from the average of the actual body weight (ABW) and ideal body weight (~50 kg). We selected this modified DW to account for heparin's altered volume of distribution in an obese patient and avoid potentially supratherapeutic activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) using ABW and subtherapeutic aPTTs using DW. Therapy was initiated with a bolus dose of 9600 units (80 units/kg x 120 kg) and continuous infusion rate of 2160 units/h (18 units/kg/h x 120 kg). This infusion rate was maintained throughout the course of heparin therapy and was successful in maintain...
INTERNAL VERSUS EXTERNAL TOXICITY IN VALONIA.

When MnCl2 is injected into the cells of Valonia macrophysa they live only about half as long as when the same concentration is applied to the exterior of the cell. This is due to toxic action and not to the mechanical disturbance accompanying the injection (since all cells were stabbed in the same manner by the capillary). A variety of explanations are suggested, all of which involve a difference between the inner and outer layers of the protoplasm.
Particle emission rates from a black hole. II. Massless particles from a rotating hole

The calculations of the first paper of this series (for nonrotating black holes) are extended to the emission rates of massless or nearly massless particles from a rotating hole and the consequent evolution of the hole. The power emitted increases as a function of the angular momentum of the hole, for a given mass, by factors of up to 13.35 for neutrinos, 107.5 for photons, and 26 380 for gravitons. Angular momentum is emitted several times faster than energy, so a rapidly rotating black hole spins down to a nearly nonrotating state before most of its mass has been given up. The third law of black-hole mechanics is proved for small perturbations of an uncharged hole, showing that it is impossible to spin up a hole to the extreme Kerr configuration. If a hole is rotating fast enough, its area and entropy initially increase with time (at an infinite rate for the extreme Kerr configuration) as heat flows into the hole from particle pairs created in the ergosphere. As the rotation decreases, the thermal emission becomes dominant, drawing heat out of the hole and decreasing its area. The lifetime of a black hole of a given mass varies with the initial rotation by a factor of only 2.0 to 2.7 (depending upon which particle species are emitted). If a nonrotating primordial black hole with initial mass 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{14}$ g would have just decayed away within the present age of the universe, a hole created maximally rotating would have just died if its initial mass were about 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{14}$ g. Primordial black holes created with larger masses would still exist today, but they would have a maximum rotation rate determined uniquely by the present mass. If they are small enough today to be emitting many hadrons, they are predicted to be very nearly nonrotating.
Enhanced responsiveness of gonadotropes after protein kinase-C activation: postreceptor regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone action.

GnRH stimulates the release of LH from pituitary gonadotropes in a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. Although GnRH also appears to activate protein kinase-C in gonadotropes, the role of this enzyme in GnRH action remains undetermined. In the present work we have assessed the effect of pretreatment of pituitary cell cultures with a protein kinase- C-activating phorbol ester on gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH. Pretreatment for 6 h with phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate (PMA) reduced the EC60 for GnRH-stimulated LH release approximately 8-fold without altering the maximum proportion of total cellular LH released. This increase in the potency of GnRH occurred in the absence of any measurable change in receptor affinity. Subsequent studies revealed that PMA pretreatment did not alter the EC6o for GnRH-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation (an indicator of phosphoinositide hydrolysis), but did cause a modest reduction (-2-fold) in the EC50 for LH release in response to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 ...
Cytologic features of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions involving endocervical glands on ThinPrep® cytology

Usage of liquid-based cytology has resulted in better cellular preservation with enhancement of nuclear features. The purpose of this retrospective 2-yr study (January 1999 through December 2000) was to evaluate the cellular features of endocervical gland involvement by a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs. endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) on cell samples processed by the ThinPrep method as compared to conventional smears. Of the 97 cases of CIN III diagnosed on cytology, 52 (54%) showed surface endocervical gland involvement by CIN III and form the basis of this study. There were also six cases of endocervical AIS diagnosed on histology with prior cytology. The architectural features of HSIL involving endocervical glands and AIS were similar to those previously reported on conventional smears. A consistent finding of HSIL involving endocervical glands was the loss of central cell polarity and piling within cell groups, a finding not present in AIS. Central cell polarity was maintained in cellular groupings of AIS. In addition to the cellular feature present on conventional smears, micronucleoli were clearly visualized in cells of HSIL involving endocervical glands and prominent nucleoli were present in AIS. Apoptosis and mitoses were clearly visualized in both entities. Endocervical gland involvement by HSIL has characteristic cell patterns and features on liquid-based/thin-layer cytology that permit their distinction from AIS.
On Sensor Fusion in the Presence of Packet-dropping Communication Channels

In this paper we look at the problem of multisensor data fusion when data is being communicated over channels that drop packets randomly. We are motivated by the use of wireless links for communication among nodes in upcoming sensor networks. We wish to identify the information that should be communicated by each node to others given that some of the information it had transmitted earlier might have been lost. We solve the problem exactly for the case of two sensors and study the performance of the algorithm when more sensors are present. For the two-sensor case, the performance of our algorithm is optimal in the sense that if a packet is received from the other sensor, it is equivalent to receiving all previous measurements, irrespective of the packet drop pattern.
Genetic analysis reveals multiple cryptic invasive species of the hydrozoan genus Cordylophora

Understanding the patterns and dynamics of biological invasions is a crucial prerequisite to predicting and mitigating their potential ecological and economic impacts. Unfortunately, in many cases such understanding is limited not only by ignorance of invasion history, but also by uncertainty surrounding the ecology, physiology, and even systematics of the invasive taxa themselves. The invasive, colonial euryhaline hydroid Cordylophora has invaded multiple regions outside of its native Ponto-Caspian range. However, extensive morphological and ecological plasticity has prevented consensus on both species-level classification within the genus and the environmental conditions conducive to establishment. The goal of this research was to explore the invasive history and species composition of the genus Cordylophora through molecular analyses. We addressed both issues using DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial loci [the small subunit 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)] and one nuclear locus (28S large nuclear rRNA), generated from 27 invasive Cordylophora populations collected throughout the global range of the taxon. Phylogenetic analysis and comparisons of genetic distances between populations suggest the presence of multiple cryptic species within the genus. This conclusion is further supported by the observation of significantly different habitat preferences between invasive lineages. Geographic distribution of lineages is consistent with the introduction of multiple lineages to some non-native regions, indicating that repeated introductions may contribute to the current global distribution of Cordylophora. Applying molecular and morphological analyses to additional populations of Cordylophora is likely to assist in clarifying the taxonomy of this genus and in providing a better understanding of the invasive history of this hydroid.
A Major League Baseball Team Uses Operations Research to Improve Draft Preparation

Preparing for the annual major league baseball draft is a difficult task; with 1,500 players selected each year, teams must evaluate and rank many hundreds of potential draftees. To evaluate the players, these teams send out scouts, baseball experts who make qualitative and quantitative observations and report their opinions to the team. However, scouts often disagree significantly in their opinions. We worked with a major league team to model and solve the problem of suggesting a consensus ranking of all players scouted by the team's representatives. Our methodology can also make in-season recommendations for dynamic scout scheduling based on the level of information each scout is likely to provide on each player, and the uncertainty in the “correct” overall ranking of each player. The team has been using the optimization tool we provided for the past two years, and a second major league team has also asked us to evaluate its ranking data.
A General Polyploid Model for Analyzing Gene Segregation in Outcrossing Tetraploid Species

Polyploidy has played an important role in higher plant evolution and applied plant breeding. Polyploids are commonly categorized as allopolyploids resulting from the increase of chromosome number through hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling or autopolyploids due to chromosome doubling of the same genome. Allopolyploids undergo bivalent pairing at meiosis because only homologous chromosomes pair. For autopolyploids, however, all homologous chromosomes can pair at the same time so that multivalents and, therefore, double reductions are formed. In this article, we use a maximum-likelihood method to develop a general polyploid model for estimating gene segregation patterns from molecular markers in a full-sib family derived from an arbitrary polyploid combining meiotic behaviors of both bivalent and multivalent pairings. Two meiotic parameters, one describing the preference of homologous chromosome pairing (expressed as the preferential pairing factor) typical of allopolyploids and the other specifying the degree of double reduction of autopolyploids, are estimated. The type of molecular markers used can be fully informative vs. partially informative or dominant vs. codominant. Simulation studies show that our polyploid model is well suited to estimate the preferential pairing factor and the frequency of double reduction at meiosis, which should help to characterize gene segregation in the progeny of autopolyploids. The implications of this model for linkage mapping, population genetic studies, and polyploid classification are discussed.
Leaf Characteristics and Net Gas Exchange of Diploid and Autotetraploid Citrus

Abstract The effect of tetraploidy on leaf characteristics and net gas exchange was studied in diploid (2 x ) and autotetraploid (4 x ) ‘Valencia’ sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) and ‘Femminello’ lemon ( Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) leaves. Comparisons between ploidy levels were made under high irradiance (I) in a growth chamber or low total I in a glasshouse. Tetraploids of both species had thicker leaves, larger mesophyll cell volume and lower light transmittance than diploids regardless of growth I. Mesophyll surface area per unit leaf area of 2 x leaves was 5–15% greater than on 4 x leaves. Leaf thickness and mesophyll cell volume were greater in high I leaves than low I leaves. In high I, average leaf area was similar for 2 x and 4 x leaves, whereas in low I it was 30% greater in 4 x than in 2 x leaves. Nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration per cell increased with ploidy level in both growth conditions. The ratio of chlorophyll a:b was 25% greater in 2 x than in 4 x leaves. When net CO 2 assimilation rate (A CO 2 ) was based on leaf area, 4 x orange leaves had 24–35% lower A CO 2 than their diploids. There were no significant differences in A CO 2 between 2 x and 4 x orange or lemon leaves when expressed on a per cell basis. Overall, lower A CO 2 per unit leaf area of tetraploids was related to increase in leaf thickness, larger mesophyll cell volume, the decrease in mesophyll area exposed to internal air spaces, and the lower ratio between cell surface to cell volume. Such changes probably increased the resistance to CO 2 diffusion to the site of carboyxlation in the chloroplasts.
Meta-analysis of systemic sclerosis and exposure to solvents.

Background Although systemic sclerosis is a rare disease, incidence rates have increased recently in the United States. This study investigated the association between systemic sclerosis and exposure to solvents. Methods A Medline search of articles published between 1966 and 2000 dealing with solvent exposure and systemic sclerosis identified eight studies that met inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. The studies included seven case-control studies and one cohort study published between 1989 and 1998. A series of meta-analyses of studies on systemic sclerosis and solvent exposure were performed for all studies and for case-control studies. A random effect model was used to calculate a combined estimator of relative risk. Results The combined estimator of relative risk for all studies was 2.91, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.60 to 5.30. The combined estimator of relative risk for the seven case-control studies was 3.14 (95% Cl, 1.56-6.33). Conclusion A statistically significant increased relative risk for all studies and for case-control studies suggests that exposure to organic solvent may be a risk factor for developing systemic sclerosis. Further studies using other study designs and better control of confounders are needed.
Generalization and Adaptation of Learning Strategies to Natural Environments Part 2: Research into Practice

This article is the second of a twopart series designed to review the critical features of facilitating generalization and adaptation of learning strategies. In Part 1, a model of generalization was presented along with research supportive of the model and identification of research needs. Essentially, the model views instruction for generalization not as something that comes at the end of an instructional sequence, but rather as consisting of four levels of generalization that transverse instruction—antecedent, concurrent, subsequent, and independent. The purpose of this article is to consolidate a number of studies that describe a unified set of specific instructional techniques that can be used while addressing generalization and to present them as part of an overall instructional approach for learning strategies. Within each level, specific procedures mediated by the special (or remedial) education teacher, regular content teacher, peer, and/or student are illustrated. Each category is followed by a s...
Light emitting diodes with extremely high extraction-efficiency for electroluminescence refrigeration

InGaAs light emitting diodes with extremely high light extraction efficiency are fabricated by monolithically integrating the light emitting region with a suspended GaAs hemispherical lens. This design is being developed for electroluminescence refrigeration applications.
Reconciling Economic and Non‐Economic Perspectives on Media Policy: Transcending the “Marketplace of Ideas”

A long-standing division in positions on media policy reflects differences in faith regarding the efficacy of market versus government processes for achieving important communications policy objectives. The debate over content diversity between the advocates of market solutions and those who are critical of them reveals that the standard arguments of both camps rest on differences in assumptions that have not been subjected to careful analysis. Furthermore, analysts in each camp have failed to acknowledge or incorporate into their own analyses the other camp's legitimate insights. The result is a flawed policy dialogue that shows no signs of iterating toward a consensus or of making much progress toward an improved understanding of the requirements for effective communications policy. This failure reflects, in part, limitations in the constructs implied by the “marketplace of ideas” metaphor that has guided much of the thinking by both camps and the ways these constructs have been employed. New metaphors are needed to guide an expanded research agenda designed to assist in the development of more effective communications policy.
Azimuth-track level compensation to reduce blind-pointing errors of the Deep Space Network antennas

The 34-meter antennas of the NASA Deep Space Network are "wheel and track" antennas. The latter term refers to a set of wheels at the base of the structure, which roll on a circular steel track supported by a concrete foundation ring. The track is assumed flat; however, its level varies due to manufacturing imperfections, structural loads, non-uniformity of the soil, and temperature variations. It is specified that the deviations of the azimuth-track level shall not exceed /spl plusmn/0.5 mm. During tracking, this amplitude of deviations causes deformations of the antenna structure, resulting in pointing errors of /spl plusmn/2 mdeg, which exceed the required accuracy for 32-GHz (Ka-band) tracking. However, structural deformations caused by the azimuth track unevenness are repeatable; therefore, a look-up table can be created to improve the blind-pointing accuracy. This paper presents the process for creation of the look-up table, describes the instrumentation necessary for determining the pointing errors, and describes the processing of inclinometer data. It derives algorithms for the pointing-error estimation, and for the azimuth-axis tilt using the inclinometer data. It compares the error corrections based on the created look-up table and actual measurements of pointing errors using the conical scanning (conscan) technique. This comparison shows a satisfactory convergence that justifies the implementation of the approach in forthcoming NASA missions.
Antigenic properties of the HIV envelope on virions in solution

ABSTRACT The structural flexibility found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoproteins creates a complex relationship between antigenicity and sensitivity to antiviral antibodies. The study of this issue in the context of viral particles is particularly problematic as conventional virus capture approaches can perturb antigenicity profiles. Here, we employed a unique analytical system based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which measures antibody-virion binding with all reactants continuously in solution. Panels of nine anti-envelope monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and five virus types were used to connect antibody binding profiles with neutralizing activities. Anti-gp120 MAbs against the 2G12 or b12 epitope, which marks functional envelope structures, neutralized viruses expressing CCR5-tropic envelopes and exhibited efficient virion binding in solution. MAbs against CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes considered hidden on functional envelope structures poorly bound these viruses and were not neutralizing. Anti-gp41 MAb 2F5 was neutralizing despite limited virion binding. Similar antigenicity patterns occurred on CXCR4-tropic viruses, except that anti-CD4i MAbs 17b and 19e were neutralizing despite little or no virion binding. Notably, anti-gp120 MAb PG9 and anti-gp41 MAb F240 bound to both CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic viruses without exerting neutralizing activity. Differences in the virus production system altered the binding efficiencies of some antibodies but did not enhance antigenicity of aberrant gp120 structures. Of all viruses tested, only JRFL pseudoviruses showed a direct relationship between MAb binding efficiency and neutralizing potency. Collectively, these data indicate that the antigenic profiles of free HIV particles generally favor the exposure of functional over aberrant gp120 structures. However, the efficiency of virion-antibody interactions in solution inconsistently predicts neutralizing activity in vitro .
Evaluation of capillary electrophoresis in polymer solutions with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the automated detection of T-cell gene rearrangements in lymphoproliferative disorders

The rapid increase in the number of DNA-based clinical diagnostic procedures, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, has generated interest in analytical techniques that are less time-consuming and labor-intensive than traditional procedures such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection, which allows for rapid and sensitive detection of DNA fragments in an automated format, is well-suited for DNA-based clinical assays. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of CE-LIF for the detection of PCR products from T-cell receptor gamma (TCR gamma) gene rearrangements present in monoclonal populations of lymphocytes. The presence of monoclonal populations of T-cells is associated (but not always synonymous) with lymphocytic malignancies. Analysis of 31 patient samples, as well as sensitivity controls, demonstrated that CE-LIF detection of monoclonal lymphocytic populations is comparable to that of PAGE-SYBR Green I staining, and that CE-LIF detection can be accomplished in less than 20 min. These preliminary results illustrate the potential feasibility of a CE-based diagnostic assay for the detection of T-cell gene rearrangements.
Elliptic-Card UWB (3-11 GHz) Antennas for Wireless Communications: Miniaturization, Simulation and Measurement

This paper investigates elliptic-card antennas in terms of feeding techniques and feasibility of miniaturization of these antennas. Starting from an available design, the structure antenna is modified and the feeding mechanism is designed. The performance of the antennas is then simulated in terms of VSWR and far-field patterns and the results are verified by measurements. In the next step, it is shown that the length of the antenna can be miniaturized by a factor of 4. The miniaturized antenna is built and measured to verify the simulation results. In the course of this study, the structures of antennas are simulated using HFSS software and the results are verified by measurements. The results represented in this study propose the miniaturized elliptic-card antenna as an efficient and ultra wideband (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) antenna which can be considered as an attractive candidate for portable ultra wideband communication devices
Translation representations for automorphic solutions of the wave equation in non‐euclidean spaces. I

This paper deals with the spectral theory of the Laplace-Beltrami operator Δ acting on automorphic functions in n-dimensional hyperbolic space Hn. We study discrete subgroups Γ which have a fundamental polyhedron F with a finite number of sides and infinite volume. Concerning these we have shown previously that the spectrum of Δ contains at most a finite number of point eigenvalues in [-(1/2(n - 1))2, 0], and none less than (1/2(n -1))2. Here we prove that the spectrum of Δ is absolutely continuous and of infinite multiplicity in (-∞, -(1/2(n - 1))2). Our approach uses the non-Euclidean wave equation introduced by Faddeev and Pavlov, Energy EF is defined as (ut, ut)-(u, Lu), where the bracket is the L2 scalar product over a fundamental polyhedron with respect to the invariant volume of the hyperbolic metric. Energy is conserved under the group of operator U(t) relating initial data to data at time t. We construct two isometric representations of the space of automorphic data by L2(R, N) which transmute the action of U(t) into translation. These representations are given explicitly in terms of integrals of the data over horospheres. In Part II we shall show the completeness of these representations. utt-Lu = 0, L = Δ + (1/2(n - 1))2.
Comments on Calibration

The position taken is that calibration is an activity that pervades science. However, statistical methods exist for proper calibration that achieve full efficiency and provide complete diagnostic tests. Such methods should be used. The deleterious consequences of the casual use of calibration from other disciplines are discussed.
Report on Locke: A Historical Overview and Call for Action

(1982). Report on Locke: A Historical Overview and Call for Action. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 57-78.
The physics origin of the hierarchy of bodies in space

Here we show that bodies of the same size suspended uniformly in space constitute a system (a “suspension”) in a state of uniform volumetric tension because of mass-to-mass forces of attraction. The system “snaps” hierarchically, and evolves faster to a state of reduced tension when the bodies coalesce spontaneously nonuniformly, i.e., hierarchically, into few large and many small bodies suspended in the same space. Hierarchy, not uniformity, is the design that emerges, and it is in accord with the constructal law. The implications of this principle of physics in natural organization and evolution are discussed.
Integrated Protection Circuits for an NMOS Silicon Carbide Gate Driver Integrated Circuit

Recent work has been done to build a Silicon Carbide (SiC) gate driver IC for use with a 1,200V SiC power MOSFET. Protection circuits form an important part of the complete gate driver/power device system. Under-voltage lockout (UVLO) protection disables the gate driver when power supplies are insufficient to turn the power device fully on. Desaturation detection provides protection to the power device by recognizing over-current conditions and disabling the gate driver for a set duration. The protection circuits described in this paper are integrated with a novel SiC gate-driver architecture utilizing discrete 20 V and 40 V power supplies. Two separate UVLO circuits monitor these power supplies while being powered by the 20 V supply. The desaturation detection circuit ensures that the power device is in its safe operating area. The desaturation detection circuit is designed to work with a 20A SiC MOSFET in less than 500ns, while avoiding false triggering on leading-edge spikes. Bench test results of the ...
Abstract LB-140: Menin-mediated regulation of pancreatic β-cell differentiation factors

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Pancreatic endocrine tumors occur sporadically or in familial multiple tumor syndromes such as MEN1 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1). Biallelic loss/inactivation of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene is only found in 20–30% of sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Therefore, identification of other molecular and genetic causes of pancreatic endocrine tumorigenesis is an area of intense investigation. Because MEN1 is the main gene reported so far that affects pancreatic endocrine tumors, analyzing downstream effects of menin ( MEN1 gene encoded protein) could uncover other candidate genes and pathways responsible for pancreatic endocrine tumorigenesis. During the process of endocrine pancreas development, a cascade of transcription factors under tight sequential- and temporal-regulated expression ensures normal organogenesis. Alteration of such developmental and differentiation factors could potentially lead to tumorigenesis. To study cellular transformation related to menin loss in the pancreatic β-cell, we used the mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 as a model system. RNA and protein were isolated from MIN6 cells after menin knockdown or after menin over-expression as well as from their respective controls. Twelve transcription factors associated with β-cell differentiation were analyzed using QRT-PCR and western blot: Hlxb9, Hnf3β, Isl-1, MafA, MafB, NeuroD1, Ngn3, Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Pax4, Pax6 , and Pdx1 . Three different sources of menin siRNAs and four different transfection reagents were tested in time course knockdown experiments. Significant menin knockdown in MIN6 cells was observed with 74.3% ± 15.03% (n=6) knockdown efficiency at 72 hours post-transfection. For transient menin over-expression in MIN6 cells, the transfection efficiency was close to 60% (based on GFP plasmid transfection). Endogenous expression of all factors, except Ngn3 , was detectable in MIN6 cells. None of the eleven transcription factors showed significantly altered RNA expression upon menin knockdown or upon menin over-expression. Western blot analyses showed 4–5 factors that were up-regulated upon menin knockdown, and down-regulated upon menin over-expression. Evolutionarily conserved promoter regions of Hlxb9, Isl-1, Nkx6.1 , or Pax4 were not regulated upon menin knockdown or upon menin over-expression. These data indicate that menin could regulate some β-cell differentiation factors in a post-transcriptional manner. Mechanism of menin-mediated post-transcriptional regulation and downstream consequences on β-cell transformation and tumorigenesis is under investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-140
Eyes of the Female Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. III. Analysis of Polarized Light

Differences in response by females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) to plane polarized light were limited to the near ultraviolet. It was postulated that the behavioral differences found resulted from changes in reflectance and were not a polartactic response. The differences in photoresponse between green and ultraviolet illumination resulted from small differences in acceptance angle of the anterior eye at low light levels to green and ultraviolet light, and the photoresponse of the posterior eye to ultraviolet.
The Mapmakers of New Zion: A Cartographic History of Mormonism . By Richard Francaviglia.

The Mapmakers of New Zion: A Cartographic History of Mormonism . By Richard Francaviglia. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. xv + 272 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $34.95.) Richard Francaviglia has produced an important volume relating to the Mormon experience for scholars and those historically minded individuals interested in the Mormon experience. He starts by explaining how and why place and space are so important in understanding all religions. Each religion began in a specific place and developed a cosmos in which certain places were seen as sacred for one reason or another. With the sanctification of certain places (formally or informally) came the creation of cartographic representations in the form of both mental maps and more … Richard_jackson{at}byu.edu
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS REMOVAL OF LIQUIDS FROM GAS WELLS

Gas produced from a reservoir tends to have liquid phase material with it, which can accumulate in the wellbore over time when the transporting energy is low enough. The liquid thus accumulated will cause additional hydrostatic pressure onthe reservoir, resulting in a continued reduction of available transportation energy and affecting the production capacity. In some cases, it even causes gas well to die. Many formulas related to the determination of critical rate for continuous removal of liquids from gas well have been proposed. Two of the models, as proposed by Min LI and Turner et al, respectively, are compared in this paper. The comparative study includes: (1) The shape of liquid droplets entrained in high velocity stream; (2) The drag coefficient; (3) The terminal velocity and critical rate formulae; (4) Comparative study with field data. For the easier application purpose, simplified formulas for the calculation of critical rate and production rate are also deduced and given in the paper.
Reduction of Azoalkanes by Benzhydryl Radicals.

Benzhydryl radicals generated by thermolysis of benzpinacol are shown to offer a clean method to convert ca. 10 azoalkanes such as (I) into the corresponding hydrazines, among them air-sensitive hydrazines and bridged derivatives.
Social community-based scheme for preserving privacy of smart meters

Smart meters are designed to periodically report highly accurate information on power consumption to utility companies, which may lead to serious concerns about consumers. In this paper, we describe a social community-based scheme to preserve the privacy of smart meters. In our scheme, the idea of "community" is proposed which is identified based on social features. In each community, we implement our proposed scheduling scheme to efficiently schedule the battery which could be charged/discharged for the consumers in the same community. By doing so, we successfully mask the details of the load profiles of the consumers and preserve their privacy and reduce the peak power consumption at the same time. The simulation results evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme in preserving the privacy and reducing the peak power consumption.
Structure and Function of Four Classes of the 4Fe–4S Protein, IspH

IspH, (E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enyl 4-diphosphate reductase, is an essential enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis and an important drug/herbicide target. Using X-ray crystallographic, bioinformatics, mutagenesis/kinetics/stability, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results, we show that organisms from different environments ultilize one of four main IspH classes. The classes are based on the arrangement of the aromatic residues near the 4Fe–4S cluster and the presence or absence of N- and C-terminal extensions. Class A enzymes are found primarily in anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria. Class B enzymes are found in aerobic bacteria. Class C enzymes are found in cyanobacteria and plants. Class D enzymes are found in apicomplexan parasites. Using mutagenesis, we show that the cluster-associated aromatic groups in class A and class B IspHs enhance cluster oxidative stability. Y198A, F302A, and a C-terminal truncation mutant of the class B (Escherichia coli) IspH have catalytic activity lower than ...
An effective approach to schedule time reduction on multi-core embedded systems

Abstract In today’s computing world, the shift towards deploying multiple processors to generate more computing power is the trend to replace single core architectures. Although multiple processing cores have the potential to enhance the computing power, it is only as effective as the tools to parallelize the applications utilizing the system. In the area of embedded systems, multiprocessor-system-on-chip (MPSoCs) adopts the idea of adding more cores to a single chip. Thanks to advances in VLSI and architecture designs, multiple processing cores, complex communication interconnections, different memory hierarchies, along with set of inputs/outputs constitute an MPSoC. An MPSoC solves the problems of increasingly complex embedded applications that need to be run fast enough without prohibitive power consumption. MPSoCs often hosts multiple embedded applications. The MPSoC is supposed to effectively execute the applications concurrently using the system under set of constraints. Constraints can be speed through deadlines or power consumption. Often researchers consider a simpler version of this scenario where one application is utilizing the system at a time. This is an over simplification of the problem that might limit its applicability in real life scenarios. In this article, we present a holistic approach to resource partitioning and task scheduling under memory awareness of multiple embedded applications on an MPSoC with the objective of reduced schedule times. Results on different benchmark combinations show that our approaches effectively reduced the schedule computation times.
CHAPTER 156 – Phosphoinositides and Actin Cytoskeletal Rearrangement

Cytoskeletal proteins were the first proteins shown to be regulated by phosphoinositides (PPIs), beginning with the report by Lassing and Lindberg that PIP2 dissociated profilinactin complexes in vitro and promoted actin polymerization. This finding suggested that increases in cellular PIP2 would drive the polymerization of cytoskeletal actin. At that time products of the PI3-kinase pathway had not yet been implicated in cell signaling, and it was thought that PI(4,5)P2 was the primary lipid responsible for direct effects on profilin, a hypothesis that is largely supported by many subsequent studies of actin-binding proteins. Since that time dozens of actin-binding proteins have been found to be either activated or inhibited by PPIs in vitro, usually by PIP2, and studies in the last few years confirm that at least some of these reactions occur in a similar way in cytoplasm. This chapter focuses on recent advances that demonstrate how PPIs are involved in stimulation of actin polymerization in vivo, or activation of proteins involved in the formation of cytoskeleton and membrane links, and how binding of cytoskeletal proteins to membrane PPIs may relate to the lateral or transverse movement of lipids to affect raft formation or lipid asymmetry.