cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary FDTD results from the anechoic absorber absorbing boundary condition

A novel ABC has been proposed, based on anechoic chamber absorber foam geometry, with specified complex permittivity and permeability. The advantage of this absorbing boundary, based on carbon-loaded anechoic chamber absorber foam pyramids, is that it prevents reflections from much wider incident angles than currently used techniques. Preliminary FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) results on this ABC are presented. A two-dimensional FDTD simulation of an equilateral triangle saw-tooth absorbing layer, with a modulated Gaussian pulse plane wave, is shown. >
ST Segment Depression in Right-Sided Electrocardiographic Leads in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

The presence of ST segment depression in right-sided electrocardiographic leads has been infrequently reported in the literature. We report the cases of two patients with anterolateral and posterior myocardial infarctions with ST segment depression in right-sided electrocardiographic leads. We hypothesize that this electrocardiographic change is a reciprocal expression of ST segment elevation of the opposing left ventricular wall.
Networking in the workplace: Implications for women's career development

Although the value of social capital for organization and individual career success is widely recognized, gender as a moderator in the building of social capital in organizational settings has not received adequate research attention. This chapter looks at how professional women use one aspect of social capital—networks—to assist with their career progression.
Paneth cell trypsin is the processing enzyme for human defensin-5

The antimicrobial peptide human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is expressed in Paneth cells, secretory epithelial cells in the small intestine. Unlike other characterized defensins, HD5 is stored in secretory vesicles as a propeptide. The storage quantities of HD5 are ∼90–450 μg per cm2 of mucosal surface area, which is sufficient to generate microbicidal concentrations in the intestinal lumen. HD5 peptides isolated from the intestinal lumen are proteolytically processed forms—HD5(56–94) and HD5(63–94)—that are cleaved at the Arg55-Ala56 and Arg62-Thr63 sites, respectively. We show here that a specific pattern of trypsin isozymes is expressed in Paneth cells, that trypsin colocalizes with HD5 and that this protease can efficiently cleave HD5 propeptide to forms identical to those isolated in vivo. By acting as a prodefensin convertase in human Paneth cells, trypsin is involved in the regulation of innate immunity in the small intestine.
Minority rights after EU enlargement: A comparison of antigay politics in Poland and Latvia

This paper examines the recent backlash against gay rights in Poland and Latvia as a test case of the depth and breadth of ‘europeanization’ in the new postcommunist member-states of the European Union (EU). We argue that antigay mobilization in these countries constitutes illiberal governance (and thus a failure of europeanization) on three grounds: failure of institutional protections for sexual minorities, broad inclusion of illiberal elites in mainstream politics and virulence of antigay rhetoric by political elites in the public sphere. To explain the stalled europeanization of nondiscrimination norms regarding sexual minorities, we apply two analytical models widely used to explain successful norm adoption in other policy areas: the ‘external incentives’ and ‘social learning’ models. We find that in the case of gay rights, EU conditionality was weak, and national identity and ‘resonance’ operated against norm adoption, as did domestic institutions (namely, weakly institutionalized party systems). The EU might have overcome these obstacles through persuasion, but deliberative processes were lacking. Our analysis suggests that some of the key factors underlying both models of norm adoption operate differently in the new, postaccession context, and that social learning is likely to play a greater role in postaccession europeanization.
THE EFFECT OF STILBESTROL ON THE BASAL METABOLISM OF EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTHYROID RATS

DODDS, GOLBERG,LAWSON AND ROBINSON (1) investigated possible estrogenic agents bearing a closeLAWSON structuralAND ROBINSON resemblance to estrone capable of ready synthesis. They suggested the term stilbestrol for the most potent substance of the synthetic compounds. This was fully active in ovariectomised rats in a dosage between 0.3 and 0.4 γ These authors (2) later reported that diethylstil bestrol was fully estrogenic in doses of 0.004 mg given subcutaneously dissolved in oil, and 0.001 mg. given by mouth. This would indicate that the substance is several times more potent than estrone and at least as potent as estradiol. Dodds, Golberg, Lawson and Robinson (3) reported on the estrogenic activity of esters of diethyl stilbestrol. It was found that esterification reduced the activity but that the effect was prolonged. Sherwood (4) reported that 1000 mg. of desiccated thyroid per kg. of body weight given daily for 3 days to thyroidectomized rats affected the basal metabolism for a period of 24 to 28 days.
Influence of soil properties on yield and quality of tobacco plant in Akhisar region of Turkey

The research was carried out in Akhisar environs where tobacco was very popular in the period of 2004-2005. In this study, 9 fields were selected which are known to show differences in terms of the quality and efficiency in the villages called Haciosmanlar Arabacibozkoy, Derekoy, Mecidiye and Suleymanli. In order to find out the differences caused by the efficiency, the some properties of soils were examined. The relationships between yield and quality of tobacco and some soil properties were determined by correlation tests. After two years of the study, total alkoloid (nicotine), total reducing sugar, total nitrogen, and raw ash were measured as 0.126-1.410%, 7.81-33.71%, 0.45-3.24 %, 8.49-30.01%, respectively. The yield and total reducing sugar were decreased by increasing bulk density as an important soil property. On the other side raw ash content of tobacco increased. It is recommended that low raw ash and high sugar content are required for tobacco quality. With this content, The yield and quality of tobacco can increase with taken some necessary measurement for decreasing bulk density. The nicotin content of tobacco increased with increasing available Mg, Na and Cu content in soil. On the other side, the raw ash content in tobacco decreased with increasing total salt and available Fe, Zn and Mn in soil. It was determined that there was a positif relationship between salt in soil and reducing sugar in soil which is another quality factor for tobacco. In the research, some results were reached as mentioned above. However, further studies must be carried out in the next years to determine relationships between soil properties and yield and quality of tobacco. It can be possible to improve yield and quality of tobacco with using these relations for producers.
Shock graphs and shape matching

We have been developing a theory for the generic representation of 2-D shape, where structural descriptions are derived from the shocks (singularities) of a curve evolution process, acting on bounding contours. We now apply the theory to the problem of shape matching. The shocks are organized into a directed, acyclic shock graph, and complexity is managed by attending to the most significant (central) shape components first. The space of all such graphs is highly structured and can be characterized by the rules of a shock graph grammar. The grammar permits a reduction of a shockgraph to a unique rooted shock tree. We introduce a novel tree matching algorithm which finds the best set of corresponding nodes between two shock trees in polynomial time. Using a diverse database of shapes, we demonstrate our system's performance under articulation, occlusion, and changes in viewpoint.
Obstetricians, health attorneys, and court-ordered cesarean sections.

Purpose Despite court rulings suggesting that court-ordered cesarean sections should rarely be undertaken, they are performed. Our objective was to determine those characteristics of providers and patients that make their use more likely. Methods A convenience sample of obstetricians attending the annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (n = 229) and lawyers attending the annual meeting of the American Health Lawyers Association (n = 126) read a vignette describing a woman who refused a cesarean section after being told that her fetus would die unless she received the operation. Several different scenarios were then described (e.g., the mother refused on religious grounds). For each scenario, participants were asked to rate the likelihood that they would support a court-ordered cesarean section. Participants then described their own characteristics. Results Respondents were more likely to support a court order if the woman was described as a being “high on drugs” (p Conclusions The perceived likelihood of performing a court-ordered cesarean section varies with characteristics of the patient and the provider.
Adaptive wideband aeroacoustic array processing

Incoherent and coherent wideband array processing techniques for aeroacoustic detection and tracking of ground vehicles are contrasted. Experimental results for a circular array are presented, illustrating complexity and performance tradeoffs. Incoherent and coherent MUSIC are used for comparison. Complexity is dominated in both cases by singular value decomposition (SVD) calculation performed M times for the incoherent case and S times for the coherent case, where M is the number of frequency bins and S is the number of look angles. Good results are obtained with the incoherent method for small M provided adequate narrowband SNR is available. The coherent approach is more statistically stable, and S can be reduced by employing a priori coarse direction estimates.
Low phosphate alters lateral root setpoint angle and gravitropism.

Premise of the study Lateral roots, responsible for water and nutrient uptake, maintain nonvertical angles throughout development. Soil phosphate is one limiting nutrient for plant growth that is known to induce changes to root system architecture, such as increased lateral root formation. This study seeks to determine whether phosphate concentration affects lateral root orientation in addition to its previously described influences on root architecture. Methods Images of intact Arabidopsis root systems were recorded for 24 h, and lateral root tip angles were measured for wild-type and mutant pgm-1 and pin3-1 roots on a full or low phosphate medium. Setpoint angles of unstimulated root systems were determined, as were gravitropic responses of lateral roots over time. Key results The root system setpoint angles of wild-type and mutant pin3-1 roots showed a shift toward a more vertical orientation on low orthophosphate (Pi) medium. The gravitropic responses of both pgm-1 and pin3-1 roots on low Pi medium was elevated relative to control Pi medium. Mutations in two phosphate transporters with high levels of expression in the root showed a gravitropic response similar to wild-type roots grown on low Pi, supporting a role for Pi status in regulating lateral root gravitropism. Conclusions Lateral root orientation and gravitropism are affected by Pi status and may provide an important additional parameter for describing root responses to low Pi. The data also support the conclusion that gravitropic setpoint angle reacts to nutrient status and is under dynamic regulation.
Evolution of transcript structure and base composition of rDNA expansion segment D3 in ticks.

Four to thirty-two copies of the rDNA 28S gene expansion segment D3 and flanking H14 stem were sequenced in six species of ticks (Ixodes: Ixodidae: Acari). Sequence match among species varied from 66% to 97%. Sequence length averaged 130 bases in I. persulcatus across eight Eurasian sites and averaged 186 bases in five other species across 19 Eurasian and North American sites. The difference in length represents one or more deletions totalling about 60 bases that correspond to stems S3 or S4 of the folded transcript. The typical transcript conformation was observed as one possible low energy structure in the five species of longer D3. The structure entails a basal loop with four stem/loop structures, S1–S4 (moving 5′ to 3′) atop stem H14. A secondary structure lacking S4 but possessing all other putative standard features of the D3 transcript is possible with the shorter I. persulcatus sequences. Interspecific sequence differences occur at higher frequency in loops and bulges vs. complementary pairing regions of stems. Insertion/deletion events (indels) and base substitutions accounted equally for sequence differences. Indels are flanked by similar sequences, suggesting that they occur by slippage during replication. The D3 of Ixodes species is composed of a degenerate set of subrepeats. Thus, unequal exchange among subrepeats may have caused the reduction in length of the I. persulcatus D3. Compensatory base substitution and compensatory insertion/deletion events are indicated by the failure of mutations to affect secondary structure. Transversions accounted for 64% of sequence differences and were biased toward the gain of G and U and the loss of A and C. This bias could re-establish intramolecular base pairing when disrupted by insertions or deletions that shift one side of a stem relative to the other. The distribution of sequence differences, biased substitution, and conservation of transcript conformation in D3 suggest selective constraint.
Stable Isotope Ecology in the Omo-Turkana Basin

Stable isotopes provide an independent assessment of paleoenvironments in the Omo-Turkana Basin. Stable isotopes track the flow of oxygen and carbon through ecosystems and accordingly are not directly related to changes in mammalian faunal composition or sedimentology. Therefore, isotope studies give insight into the paleoenvironmental conditions in which human evolutionary trends have been recorded. The development of stable isotopes as indicators of continental environmental conditions has proceeded in parallel with questions about the conditions of human environment. What was the vegetation? How hot was it? How dry? What were the diets of animals living among early humans? And most persistently, how important were “savannas” to early hominids? In this review, we take the opportunity to provide extensive background on the use of isotopes in anthropological sites. The application of stable isotope ecology to anthropological sites in the Turkana Basin has a long history, but in many ways the Omo-Turkana Basin has been a proving ground for the development of new proxy methods for understanding tropical terrestrial environments in the Neogene and Quaternary. For that reason, we also describe some of the fundamental aspects of isotope ecology that developed outside the field of paleoanthropology. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exposure‐wide epidemiology: revisiting Bradford Hill

Fifty years after Bradford Hill published his extremely influential criteria to offer some guides for separating causation from association, we have accumulated millions of papers and extensive data on observational research that depends on epidemiologic methods and principles. This allows us to re-examine the accumulated empirical evidence for the nine criteria, and to re-approach epidemiology through the lens of exposure-wide approaches. The lecture discusses the evolution of these exposure-wide approaches and tries to use the evidence from meta-epidemiologic assessments to reassess each of the nine criteria and whether they work well as guides for causation. I argue that of the nine criteria, experiment remains important and consistency (replication) is also very essential. Temporality also makes sense, but it is often difficult to document. Of the other six criteria, strength mostly does not work and may even have to be inversed: small and even tiny effects are more plausible than large effects; when large effects are seen, they are mostly transient and almost always represent biases and errors. There is little evidence for specificity in causation in nature. Biological gradient is often unclear how it should it modeled and thus difficult to prove. Coherence remains usually unclear how to operationalize. Finally, plausibility as well as analogy do not work well in most fields of investigation, and their invocation has been mostly detrimental, although exceptions may exist.
The kidneys stimulate vasopressin release during hemorrhage in rats with chronic NTS lesions

Elimination of baroreceptor afferent input to the brain produced by chronic lesion of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) does not alter vasopressin (VP) release during hypotensive hemorrhage in conscious rats. To investigate whether the kidneys play a critical role in stimulating VP release during hemorrhage in chronic NTS-lesioned rats, we examined the effects of removing potential signals arising from the kidneys. In NTS-lesioned rats, nephrectomy or renal denervation, but not captopril injection, markedly attenuated (but did not abolish) hemorrhage-induced VP release. In contrast, none of these manipulations attenuated the VP response in NTS-intact rats. Hemorrhage increased plasma renin activity in control and NTS-lesioned rats, and this response was not altered by renal denervation. In rats with NTS lesions and renal denervation, hemorrhage induced the expression of Fos in hypothalamic magnocellular VP neurons in a pattern similar to that of hemorrhage in intact rats. Collectively, these results indicate that in chronic NTS-lesioned rats an afferent signal arising from the kidneys stimulates VP release during hemorrhage, possibly through renal nerves. However, with the NTS intact or after the selective removal of arterial baroreceptor inputs, such a role for the kidneys is not apparent. Furthermore, in the absence of the NTS and renal nerves, another signal generated by hypotensive hemorrhage continues to stimulate VP neurons.
Actionable Data Projects: Social Science and Service-Learning in General Education Courses

ABSTRACTThe use of service-learning pedagogies in general education courses is often limited to increasing volunteerism or civic literacy with problem-based or research-based projects reserved for upper level courses. This article examines the implementation of an “actionable data” service-learning project in an introductory, general studies course, which enrolled mostly freshmen and nonmajors. Combining elements of community-based research, action research, and service-learning, this project required students to undertake a research project on their own campus designed to affect meaningful policy change. Students used basic social science research methods to understand the policy-making process, to gather information from various stakeholders, to analyze alternative proposals, and to lobby for change. I examine the process for implementing this type of student-directed project and the limits of this type of service-learning assignment. Analysis of student reactions to the project indicates that participa...
Incorporation of Labeled Renin Into the Tissues of the Rabbit

Our previous work has shown that pure hog renin, when injected into one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits elicits not only antirenin antibodies but also antibodies to what appears to be an altered form of renin (antigen M). Antiantigen M stains the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells and certain other cells in tissues of normal and hypertensive rabbits. We now report studies in which pure 125I hog and rabbit renin have been infused into hypertensive rabbits for seven-day periods and the tissues subsequently examined for nondegraded radioactive components. The concentration and the distribution of radioactivity found in different tissues of six rabbits that received hog renin and six that received rabbit renin showed enormous variation, for which there is no reasonable explanation. A very significant amount of radioactivity was found to be incorporated into a high molecular weight or insoluble form that may be antigen M. A major portion of the radioactivity has a molecular weight of about 40,000 and has been assumed to be unaltered 125I renin. In plasma there was a very high molecular weight radioactive component that was capable of binding to antirenin or antiantigen M antibodies to a limited degree. In addition there was a major component with a molecular weight of 68,000 that is not formed in vitro but is produced in vivo. It resembles prorenin in human plasma in that it does not adsorb on pepstatin-Sepharose and does adsorb on Cibacron Blue. However, it differs from prorenin in that it does not bind to antirenin antibodies nor can it be activated by trypsin.
THU0491 Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling of Isolated Immune Cell Populations from SLE Patients with Different Ancestral Backgrounds

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-system autoimmune disease of uncertain etiology. Patients from different ancestral backgrounds demonstrate differences in clinical manifestations and autoantibody profiles. Objectives In this study we examined genome-wide transcriptional patterns in major immune cell subsets across different ancestral backgrounds. Methods Peripheral blood was collected and run on 208 Illumina HumanHT-12 V4 expression BeadChip arrays. Subjects included 21 African-American (AA) and 21 European-American (EA) SLE patients, 5 AA and 5 EA controls. CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, monocytes and B cells were purified by flow sorting. Each cell subset from each subject was run on a separate array. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by comparing cases and controls of the same ancestral background. Results The overlap in DEG lists between different cell types from the same ancestral background was very modest (<1%). Typically between 5-10% of DEGs were shared when comparing the same cell type between different ancestral backgrounds. Global IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression revealed that AA subjects demonstrated more concordance across all studied cell types. Two subgroups of patients were identified based on the ISG expression profiles. One subgroup showed higher ISGs expression in all cell types, and the other subgroup had higher ISG expression only in T and B lymphocytes but not in monocytes. Conclusions We find striking differences in gene expression between different immune cell subsets and between ancestral backgrounds in SLE patients. The IFN signature is diverse, with different transcripts represented in different cell populations, and signature-positive cell subsets differed in EA vs. AA patients. Disclosure of Interest : None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5291
Rapidly progressive bilateral optic nerve and retinal infarctions due to rhinocerebral mucormycosis and pseudoephedrine use.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease due to Rhizopus or Mucor species. Infection typically occurs in patients who are immunocompromised or have poorly controlled diabetes.1 The classical syndrome consists of a rapidly progressive sinusitis, periorbital edema and cellulitis, ophthalmoplegia, and unilateral visual loss.1–3 We report rapidly progressive bilateral visual loss from mucormycosis due to bilateral optic nerve and retinal infarction in a patient with diabetes.1
Total nitrogen migration in Wuliangsuhai Lake during ice growth process

To study the characteristics of total nitrogen( TN) during the period of lake ice freeze-up,vertical measurements of TN are made at ice thicknesses of 0 cm,2. 5 cm,9. 5 cm,21 cm,31 cm,41cm,50 cm and 59 cm. The regularity of TN migration in Wuliangsuhai Lake during ice growth process is examined. Results show that TN migrates from ice to water during the whole growth period of ice,which gives a rise of TN in under-ice water as the ice is getting thicker. TN of water is 2. 85 times more than that of ice at an ice thickness of 59 cm. The rate of ice growth determines the flux of TN migration between ice and water. Within the ice layer,the TN migration mostly occurs during the initial stage of ice formation( 0—21cm),and then TN is transformed into the steady nitrogen cell with bubbles in ice. The difference in measured and calculated TN in under-ice water indicates that TN still migrates from lake water to sediment during ice growth process. The study provides a reference for controlling eutrophication pollution during the period of lake ice freeze-up.
Cancer Communication on Social Media: Examining How Cancer Caregivers Use Facebook for Cancer-Related Communication.

Background Americans are increasingly using social media (such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter) for health-related communication. Much of the previous research on social media and health communication has focused on Facebook groups related to a specific disease or Facebook pages related to an advocacy organization. Less is known about how people communicate about cancer on personal Facebook pages. Objective In this study, we expand upon previous research by examining how cancer caregivers use personal Facebook pages for cancer-related communication. Methods We examined themes in cancer-related exchanges through a content analysis of 12 months of data from 18 publically available Facebook pages hosted by parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (15 852 total posts). Results Six themes emerged: (1) documenting the cancer journey, (2) sharing emotional strain associated with caregiving, (3) promoting awareness and advocacy about pediatric cancer, (4) fundraising, (5) mobilizing support, and (6) expressing gratitude for support. Conclusions Building upon previous research documenting the increasing use of social media for health-related communication and support, our findings show that personal Facebook pages offer a platform for cancer caregivers to share their cancer-related experiences, promote advocacy and awareness, and mobilize social support. Implications for practice Providers must recognize the importance of social media as a vehicle for support and communication for families of children with cancer. Nurses should educate parents on how to appraise information obtained through Facebook using evidence-based guidelines. Providers can encourage caregivers to use Facebook as a tool for communication, information, and support.
Genome-Wide Identification of Aberrant Promoter Associated CpG Island Methylation in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Abstract Aberrant DNA methylation is a common molecular feature of both pediatric and adult ALL. Specific methylation patterns predict for poor prognosis (Shen et al Blood 2004), and reactivation of epigenetically inactivated molecular pathways results in induction of leukemia cell death (Kuang et al. Oncogene 2007). Until now most studies of methylation in ALL have been based on arbitrary gene selection methods. To overcome this limitation and to study hundreds of promoter CpG islands simultaneously, we have developed a method that combines MCA (Methylated CpG Island Amplification) with either RDA (Representational Difference Analysis) or the Agilent Promoter Microarray platform. With these methods differentially methylated DNA treated with bisulfite is generated after mixing tester DNA (in our case DNA from de novo refractory Ph negative and MLL negative ALL patients) with driver DNA (normal B cell controls) and using specific restriction enzymes and several rounds of PCR. DNA fragments thus generated are either cloned (RDA) or labeled and spotted on the Agilent Array. Using this technology, that can potentially interrogate up to 17K promoters, we have identified 932 promoters targets of aberrant DNA methylation in poor risk ALL from patients that cannot be currently identified by standard molecular methods (Ph and MLL negative). The genes associated with these promoters are distributed through the human genome but an overrepresentation of methylated promoters located in chromosomes 3, 9, 11 and 19 was detected. Using molecular pathway clustering analysis, 404 of these genes are grouped together in 29 specific functional pathways. We have validated the methylation of 31 of these 923 genes by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Of these, 27 (87%) were confirmed to be hypermethylated in 23 human leukemia cell lines but not in normal controls (N=15). Methylation status analysis of these 27 genes allowed for the segregation of T cell versus B cell leukemia cell lines. Fifteen of these genes (GIPC2, RSPO1, MAGI1, CAST1, ADCY5, HSPA4L, OCLN, EFNA5, MSX2, GFPT2, GNA14, SALL1, MYO5B, ZNF382 and MN1) were also frequently hypermethylated in primary ALL samples. Expression analysis of 6 of these genes (GIPC2, MAGI1, ADCY5, HSPA4L, OCLN and GNA14) in leukemia cell lines further confirmed methylation associated gene silencing. Treatment of methylated/silenced cell lines with 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A resulted in gene re-expression, further confirming the role of DNA methylation in their silencing. In summary, we have identified in excess of 900 targets of aberrant DNA methylation in ALL. The study of the epigenetically suppressed pathways represented by these genes should allow us to further understand the molecular pathogenesis of ALL and develop new prognostic biomarkers for patients with Ph and MLL negative disease.
Diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without a lung biopsy: honeycombing not required

Nearly 50 years ago, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) were defined by Liebow and Carrington based on the histological pattern present in the lung.1 ,2 Today, we consider histological patterns in the context of clinical and radiological information in order to diagnose a specific IIP, a paradigm shift initially introduced by a Consensus Statement published by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society in 2002 and developed further in 2011.3 With regard to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), this approach requires the presence of a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern (UIP), either on high resolution CT (HRCT) or histology or both, and the absence of any clinical history or morphological pattern that suggests another aetiology or another disease. The most recent iteration also introduced two new and related features. The first was a formal recognition that even in cases in which a biopsy was obtained, radiology had a role in modifying the interpretation of the pathological findings. In some cases, this meant that a definitive pathological diagnosis of IPF, once considered the gold standard, could be overridden by a negative radiological impression. In other cases, a diagnosis of IPF could be made even in the absence of definitive pathological evidence. The second major change was to introduce a multidisciplinary consensus conference as the mechanism for implementing the integration of pathology, radiology and clinical findings, such as in those cases just described in which there was substantial disagreement between pathology and radiology or those in which both evaluations were inconclusive. In many cases, however, pathology is still the definitive study especially in cases in which the …
I Feel Pretty.

“So what is it about your appearance you don’t like?” the medical assistant asked me. I was sitting in the office of a doctor trained as an ophthalmologist, who then completed an oculoplastic and l...
Medical students teaching peer athletes: an innovative way of instructing the physiology of exercise, nutrition, and sleep as fundamentals for lifestyle medicine.

teaching healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, medical assistants, psychologists, and physical therapists, about the physiology of nutrition, sleep, and exercise (lifestyle medicine) is essential for their professional education ([8][1]); however, such instruction has proven to be
Environmental warming accelerates extinctions but does not alter extinction debt

Abstract Climate change is predicted to contribute to the present wave of extinctions; however, these extinctions may not immediately follow temperature increases and other climate change effects. We examined how predator species composition and increased temperatures affected bacterivorous protist community extinction debt (the number of species that will go extinct) and relaxation time (the amount of time it takes for the extinction debt to be paid off). We found that neither affected relaxation time, but that the presence of a generalist predatory protist species increased extinction debt through its role as a keystone predator. Warming also significantly decreased how long it took communities to lose half of the species that were to eventually go extinct. That this half-relaxation time was shorter in warmed communities than in unwarmed communities in this system indicates that extinctions were front-loaded in the warmed communities compared to the unwarmed communities. Our findings suggest that even if increased temperature is not expected to increase extinction debt, it could still accelerate the rate at which those extinctions will occur. This in turn narrows the time window for taking actions to prevent a large portion of the extinction debt from being paid off.
Data and Metadata Instantiation: Use Cases and a Conceptual Model

Digital repositories are particularly susceptible to the problem of uncontrolled data and metadata instantiation because of the complex lifecycles of data deposit, use, and reuse. In repositories that require deposit of research data on a large scale, instantiation can become particularly acute. DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services), a division of the Royal Netherlands Academy of the Arts and Sciences, is the self-styled “institute for permanent access to digital research resources” (DANS 2017). The role of DANS is to encourage scholars to make their data accessible, interoperable and resusable, in a sustainable environment. In addition to serving as a host repository for tens of thousands of datasets, DANS also manages the NARCIS gateway to more than 160,000 datasets generated by Dutch scholars. Recent research (Smiraglia and Park 2016) demonstrated one approach to a conceptual model of instantiation among open government data records, deriving core attributes “information object,” “expression,” “manifestation product type,” “actor, “expression creation,” and “information carrier” from the FRBRoo ontology of bibliographic instantiation. The proposed presentation combines these and other FRBRoo attributes with the generations of lifecycle modeling identified by Greenberg, as applied to a series of use cases from DANS.
Time in the Context of Marriage

Time assumes distinctive contours from inside a marriage: this chapter looks at single poems that disclose them one by one, and at poetic sequences that render them co-active. “The Whitsun Weddings,” Philip Larkin’s belated epithalamium, is played off against its Renaissance prototype, Edmund Spenser’s “Epithalamion,” to establish the continuing relevance of the pre-modern concept of “aeviternity” to modern marriage sequences. In Eavan Boland’s and Rachel Zucker’s sequences, aeviternity and dailiness are in tension with each other.
Light Harvest: an interactive sculptural installation based on folding and mapping proteins

Light Harvest is an interactive sculptural installation that explores a protein called Light-Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) in the realm of materials, digital fabrication, projection mapping and int...
Aortic Iatrogenic Injuries

The human body is a very compact and structurally closely related composite; thus, when performing difficult and complicated diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the abdominal or thoracic regions, accidental injuries to the aorta and other structures are bound to occur.
SEVERE INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AFTER BRENTUXIMAB TREATMENT.

ABSTRACT Objective: To increase awareness of unusual inflammatory and other responses including severe insulin resistance (IR) associated with the use of targeted immunotherapies such as brentuxima...
Heterocyst and akinete differentiation in cyanobacteria: a view toward cyanobacterial symbiosis

Abstract Cyanobacteria are an ancient, phylogenetically coherent group of organisms characterized by oxygenic photosynthesis. They have evolved several differentiated cell variants that include heterocysts and akinetes to perform specialized functions. Heterocyst pattern formation represents one of the earliest multicellular patterning processes in the history of life. The structure and metabolic activity serve to spatially separate the oxygen-sensitive process of nitrogen fixation from oxygen-producing photosynthesis in vegetative cells. Germination of akinetes of filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales is a crucial process that ensures survival during stress conditions. The current chapter focuses on morphological and structural variation in heterocyst and akinete composition with emphasis on gene regulation for the differentiation process and their metabolism. The ability to form symbiotic associations with different organisms revealing the versatility of heterocystous cyanobacteria has also been summarized.
Chapter 42 – Visualizing the dynamics of the Rayleigh Quotient Iteration

Publisher Summary Much recent work has taken advantage of computer-generated images to study the behavior of numerical iteration.. This chapter utilizes computer-generated images for insight into the behavior of the Rayleigh Quotient Iteration in the complex plane. The Rayleigh Quotient Iteration is a numerical technique for estimating eigenvalues. It converges to an eigenvalue quadratically but the convergence is cubic when the matrix is Hermitian. While there is a sense of unpredictability in the convergence, distinct basins of attraction often have smooth boundaries. The chapter explores the chaotic behavior of the Rayleigh Quotient Iteration over the complex numbers. The global behavior is seen to be related to the behavior at a point. The contrast between the behavior on non-Hermitian and Hermitian matrices has been studied visually.
Objective Church Environment Audits and Attendee Perceptions of Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Supports within the Church Setting.

Interventions in faith-based settings are increasingly popular, due to their effectiveness for improving attendee health outcomes and behaviors. Little past research has examined the important role of the church environment in individual-level outcomes using objective environmental audits. This study examined associations between the objectively measured physical church environment and attendees’ perceptions of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) supports within the church environment, self-efficacy for PA and HE, and self-reported PA and HE behaviors. Data were collected via church audits and church attendee surveys in 54 churches in a rural, medically underserved county in South Carolina. Multi-level regression was used to analyze associations between the church environment and outcomes. Physical elements of churches were positively related to attendees’ perceptions of church environment supports for PA (B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.05) and HE (B = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.09) and there was a significant interaction between perceptions of HE supports and HE church environment. Self-efficacy and behaviors for PA and HE did not show an association with the church environment. Future research should establish a temporal relationship between the church environment and these important constructs for improving health. Future faith-based interventions should apply infrastructure changes to the church environment to influence important mediating constructs to health behavior.
Resolution of multiply recurrent and multifocal diverticulitis after fecal microbiota transplantation

The exact pathophysiology of diverticulitis is not well understood and may be multifactorial. Recent studies highlight dysbiosis as a plausible mechanism. FMT is a safe strategy to restore commensal colon microbiota and has proven to be an effective treatment for gastrointestinal dysbiosis such as Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). There have been no studies reporting the treatment of diverticulitis with FMT. Our aim was to describe the novel application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of recurrent diverticulitis. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman who had a 13-year history of multiply recurrent and multifocal diverticulitis previously treated with numerous short courses of intravenous and oral antibiotics for acute flares, two segmental colon resections, and suppressive antibiotic therapy for recurrent disease. Secondary to multiple courses of antibiotics , the patient developed CDI. She was treated with a single round of FMT and subsequently stopped all antibiotics at the time of FMT. In 20 months of follow-up, the patient has had no further recurrence of diverticulitis or CDI. FMT could prove to be a novel therapy for refractory diverticulitis but requires further investigation.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of a Transdiaphragmatic Approach for Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Liver and Lung Metastases

Long-term outcomes for simultaneous resection of synchronous colorectal liver and lung metastases are unknown. To address this gap, we compared outcomes and costs of three strategies for such resection. Patients who underwent resection of synchronous colorectal liver and lung metastases during 2000–2018 were grouped by surgical strategy: simultaneous resection via a transdiaphragmatic approach (transdiaphragmatic) or separate abdominal and thoracic incisions (transthoracic) and nonsimultaneous staged resection (staged). Operative and postoperative outcomes, survival, cumulative lung recurrence, and surgical costs were evaluated. The study included 63 patients, 29 with transdiaphragmatic, 14 with transthoracic, and 20 with staged resection. The groups had similar demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. Lung resection–associated blood loss for the transdiaphragmatic group was similar to that for the transthoracic group (P = .165) but lower than that for the staged group (P = .006). Hospital stay was shorter for the simultaneous groups than for the staged group (P = .007). Median surgical costs were significantly higher in the staged group ($130,733, interquartile range [IQR] $91,109–$173,573) than in the transdiaphragmatic ($70,620, IQR $58,376–$86,203, P < .001) or transthoracic ($62,991, IQR $57,405–$98,862, P < .001) group but did not differ between the transdiaphragmatic and transthoracic groups (P = .786). Rates of postoperative complications, recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and cumulative lung recurrence were similar among the groups. Simultaneous resection of synchronous colorectal liver and lung metastases via a transdiaphragmatic approach is associated with lower blood loss, lower costs, and similar survival compared with staged resection.
Contemporary diagnosis and management of traumatic rectal injuries

Abstract Rectal injuries are rare but potentially devastating injuries that are frequently associated with penetrating pelvic trauma or blunt pelvic fractures. Management principles for these injuries have gone through major paradigm shifts over time. Recently, large-scale civilian studies have been completed, providing valuable insight on best-practice strategies for contemporary trauma populations. The diagnosis of rectal injuries is accomplished with a combination of computed tomography (CT) scanning and rigid proctoscopy. Because the rectum is comprised of two distinct anatomic segments, the intra- and extraperitoneal rectum, management principles for rectal injuries are unique. Intraperitoneal rectal injuries are managed as colonic injuries, with small injuries primarily repaired and larger injuries resected. Extraperitoneal injuries are repaired primarily via a trans-anal approach, if feasible, and otherwise are managed with proximal diversion alone. Complications seen after rectal injuries include infection, strictures, and fistulae. The most provocative questions about rectal injuries that are currently unanswered relate to the possibility of nonoperative management for penetrating extraperitoneal rectal injuries and to the optimal timing of colostomy reversal after proximal diversion for extraperitoneal injuries.
Preoperative Predictors and Costs of 30-Day Readmission Following Inpatient Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States.

ObjectivesTo understand national trends in 30-day postoperative readmission following inpatient pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNationwide Re...
Mindfulness in policing: A randomized controlled trial of two online mindfulness resources across five forces in England and Wales

This randomised controlled trial (RCT) of online mindfulness training compared wellbeingrelated outcomes for police officers and staff allocated to three separate user groups: • Headspace (a commercially available mindfulness app and website) • Mindfit Cop (a bespoke online eight-week mindfulness course for policing) • the waiting list control (who completed all surveys before receiving access to Mindfit Cop after six months). Both the Headspace and Mindfit Cop online mindfulness resources improved wellbeing, life satisfaction, resilience and performance, compared to the waiting list control group. Headspace provided greater improvement across these wellbeing outcomes compared to Mindfit Cop after 10 and 24 weeks, but Mindfit Cop’s results improved and moved closer to Headspace’s at 24 weeks. Neither online resource reduced absence days or spells within the six months of the trial, but self-reported presenteeism (working while sick) behaviours did reduce. Participants who reported low job control (little control over their tasks and scheduling) benefited most from using the resources.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions Over the Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Introduction: The past several years have witnessed a significant increase in interest among the public in mindfulness with an unmistakable growth in the scientific literature investigating mindful...
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Wedge Resection of a Large Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy

Study Objective To demonstrate the steps of a wedge resection of a large cornual ectopic pregnancy using a robotic assisted approach. Design A guided explanation of the surgery using video. Setting The surgery was completed at a university hospital using the Da Vinci Xi Robot. Patients or Participants A 38-yo G7P1051 with a history of chronic hypertension who was incidentally found to have a cornual ectopic pregnancy measuring 11 weeks 4 days on her initial prenatal ultrasound. Interventions Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Cornual Wedge Resection. Measurements and Main Results On initial prenatal ultrasound, the patient was found to have a cornual ectopic pregnancy on the right. Crown rump length measured 47mm corresponding with a gestational age of 11 weeks and 4 days. She was asymptomatic. She presented immediately to the hospital and underwent an urgent robotic assisted laparoscopic cornual wedge resection that evening. Estimated blood loss was 100cc. She did well postoperatively and went home the same day. Conclusion We present a case of a robot assisted wedge resection of a large cornual ectopic pregnancy as an alternative to straight stick laparoscopy or laparotomy. Although robotic assisted cases are known to have longer operating times, as with myomectomy, a robot approach can potentially help to decrease blood loss when managing large cornual ectopic pregnancies.
Pro-inflammatory Profiles in Cardiovascular Disease Patients with Peri-implantitis.

AIM To investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in patients with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with or without peri-implantitis. METHODS Serum, peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from patients with (n = 82) or without CVD (n = 46) at the most severe peri-implantitis site including sites with periodontitis. A panel of proinflammatory molecules including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.