cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of subcutaneous small arteries and veins to norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and isoproterenol in the unanesthetized bat.

Abstract Closed circuit television microscopy was used to quantitate in vivo responses to topically applied catecholamines on particular segments of small arteries (37–77 μm) and veins (57–136 μm) in the wings of unanesthetized bats. Epinephrine and norepinephrine produced a concentration dependent constriction of both the small artery and small vein, but isoproterenol had no significant effect. Epinephrine was more potent ( p pD 2 = 7.8 ± 0.09 and 7.1 ± 0.08, respectively) and the artery ( pD 2 = 7.5 ± 0.08 and 6.7 ± 0.11, respectively). The vein was more sensitive ( p −7 M , significantly decreased ( p pD 2 = 6.6 ± 0.11 vs a control of 7.1 ± 0.08) of the vein to norepinephrine but did not alter ( pD 2 = 6.6 ± 0.03 vs control of 6.7 ± 0.11) the sensitivity of the artery. Phentolamine, 10 −6 M , significantly decreased ( p pD 2 = 5.6 ± 0.07 vs 7.1 ± 0.08) and the artery ( pD 2 = 5.7 ± 0.15 vs 6.7 ± 0.11). The percentage of recovery from constructions produced by norepinehrine was significantly greater in the artery (71 ± 4.2%) than in the vein (33 ± 3.4%). After phentolamine, 10 −7 M , the percentage of recovery was the same in the artery (33 ± 4.3%) and the vein (39 ± 6.4%). Comparisons of these data indicate that the greater sensitivity of the vein to norepinephrine may be attributed to greater neuronal uptake in the small artery than in the small vein.
Monte Carlo studies of one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg and XY models

The Suzuki-Trotter transformation has been used to transform $N$-spin $S=\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg and $\mathrm{XY}$ chains into two-dimensional ($N\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2m$) classical Ising models with complicated interactions. A Monte Carlo method using multispin flipping techniques is then used to study these models for $\frac{\mathrm{kT}}{|J|}\ensuremath{\ge}0.0125$ and $m\ensuremath{\le}10$. Finite-size scaling is used to analyze the low-temperature susceptibility of the ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, and we find a power-law divergence $\ensuremath{\chi}={T}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ with $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13$. Difficulties in the method, particularly due to singular bonding, are discussed.
Methyl farnesoate synthesis in the lobster mandibular organ: The roles of HMG-CoA reductase and farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase

Abstract Eyestalk ablation (ESA) increases crustacean production of methyl farnesoate (MF), a juvenile hormone-like compound, but the biochemical steps involved are not completely understood. We measured the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and farnesoic acid O - methyl transferase (FAOMeT), an early step and the last step in MF synthesis. ESA elevated hemolymph levels of MF in male lobsters. Enzyme activity suggested that increased MF production on day one was due largely to elevated HMGR activity while changes in FAOMeT activity closely paralleled changes in MF levels on day 14. Transcript levels for HMGR and FAOMeT changed little on day one, but both increased substantially on day 14. We treated ESA males with a partially purified mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone (MOIH) and observed a significant decline in MF levels, FAOMeT activity, and FAOMeT–mRNA levels after 5 h. However, no effect was observed on HMGR activity or its mRNA indicating that they must be regulated by a separate sinus gland peptide. We confirmed that lobster HMGR was not a phosphoprotein and was not regulated by reversible phosphorylation, an important mechanism for regulating other HMGRs. Nevertheless, molecular modeling indicated that the catalytic mechanisms of lobster and mammalian HMGR were similar.
Stochastic modelling for contact problems in heat conduction

Abstract In this analysis, an attempt is made to simulate thermal conductivity of the material in the contact area between two bodies as a random variable in the process of heat diffusion. The problem is formulated as a stochastic field in contact with two deterministic fields. The randomness is considered to vary from one specimen (two bodies in contact) to another in a statistical ensemble space Ω. The stochastic response in the contact area is presented in terms of the mean value and standard deviation of the temperature field. A perturbation scheme is employed in the formulation such that the stochastic response for the present problem with intrinsic randomness can be obtained in the same manner as that in the problem with extrinsic randomness. The implicit finite difference method is used to solve the field equations governing the deterministic components of the random temperatures. The locations possessing the maximum deviations from the expected value in the random field are investigated. In the numerical examples, both Gaussian and Gamma processes are considered as the probabilistic density functions governing the random variâtes.
Influence of cadmium on the hydration of C3A

Abstract The influence of cadmium on the bottle hydration of C 3 A at 4°C and 25°C for 1, 8, 14, 29, 76 and 106 days was studied with differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and by atomic absorption. Cadmium was retained in the hydration products as Cd(OH) 2 . The presence of cadmium during hydration inhibited the formation of the C 3 AH 6 hydrated phase. The influence of cadmium was more pronounced at 4°C.
Age correlated changes in midgut protease activity of the honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Forager (older) worker honeybees typically have lower midgut activity levels of chymotrypsin and trypsin than do house (younger) worker honeybees. A relation between the age correlated enzymic change and an age correlated decrease in pollen consumption is not clearly demonstrable.
Culturally-responsive Pedagogy for African American Students: Promising Programs and Practices for Enhanced Academic Performance

The academic outcomes for African American students continue to lag behind their White, Latino, and Asian American counterparts. Culturally responsive pedagogy has been purported to be an intervention that may help to reverse the persistent under performance for African American students. This article highlights findings from a three-year study of an intervention program designed to increase college going rates for African American students. The authors document the manner in which overall student outcomes, graduation rates, and college going rates increased when culturally responsive pedagogical practices were used. Finally, this work calls for academic rigor to be a more germane characteristic of the culturally responsive pedagogical framework.
Spirals, Bridges, and Tails: A Galaxy Evolution Explorer Ultraviolet Atlas of Interacting Galaxies

We have used the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet telescope to study stellar populations and star formation morphology in a well-defined sample of 42 nearby optically selected pre-merger interacting galaxy pairs. Galaxy interactions were likely far more common in the early universe than in the present; thus our study provides a nearby well-resolved comparison sample for high-redshift studies. We have combined the GALEX near-ultraviolet (NUV) and far-ultraviolet images with broadband optical maps from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey to investigate the ages and extinctions of the tidal features and the disks. The distributions of the UV/optical colors of the tidal features and the main disks of the galaxies are similar; however, the tidal features are bluer on average in NUV - g when compared with their own parent disks; thus tails and bridges are often more prominent relative to the disks in UV images compared to optical maps. This effect is likely due to enhanced star formation in the tidal features compared to the disks rather than reduced extinction; however, lower metallicities may also play a role. We have identified a few new candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this sample. Other interesting morphologies such as accretion tails and 'beads onmore » a string' are also seen in these images. We also identify a possible 'Taffy' galaxy in our sample, which may have been produced by a head-on collision between two galaxies. In only a few cases are strong tidal features seen in H I maps but not in GALEX.« less
The distribution of autobiographical memories across the lifespan

Words were used to cue autobiographical memories from 20- and 70-year-old subjects. Both groups showed a decrease in memories from the childhood years and a power-function retention function for their most recent 10 years. Older subjects also had an increase in the number of memories from the ages 10 to 30. These results held for individual subjects as well as grouped data and held when either 124 or 921 memories were cued. Reaction times to produce memories were constant across decades except for childhood where they were longer.
Experiential Learning in Occupational Therapy: Can It Enhance Readiness for Clinical Practice?.

This mixed method study examined the effectiveness of experiential learning opportunities near the end of the occupational therapy students’ didactic education. A pretest/posttest design with a gain score approach was used to determine whether there was a significant improvement in the occupational therapy students’ self-perception of their ability to perform a multitude of occupational-therapy-related skills. Qualitative measures were used to explain the impact of experiential learning opportunities on the students’ ability to understand and apply occupational therapy knowledge to clinical practice. The results of this study suggest that experiential learning is an effective method to (a) enhance the understanding and application of course material, (b) improve the personal and professional attributes and skills needed to be an effective clinician, and (c) improve clinical reasoning skills. The author’s initial bias was that this experience would enhance clinical reasoning skills. Results indicated that ...
Beyond the State: Civil Society and Associational Life in Africa

The current scholarly preoccupation with the state may obscure more than it reveals for students of politics in sub-Saharan Africa. The weakly formed state in Africa—beset by decline in economic production and political authority—is now retreating from overambitious attempts at social transformation. The time is therefore ripe for societal actors to play an enhanced role in political change. This article reviews the current literature on state-society relations in Africa with particular emphasis on the nature of African associational life and the extent to which it is taking on a politically organized form as an identifiable civil society. The author proposes a theoretical framework and research agenda that takes account of the capacity of either state or societal actors to exercise a range of options to engage or disengage.
Trajectories of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school among urban, minority adolescents

This study evaluated bidirectional associations between substance use, aggression, and delinquency across sixth, seventh, and eighth grades using data available from a large study of urban minority youth (n = 2,931). Group-based trajectory analysis revealed trajectories of aggression, delinquency, and substance use which support the existence of both adolescent-limited and life-course persistent offenders. In addition, a pattern of decreasing aggression was observed during middle school. Clear temporal associations were observed between developmental changes in aggression, delinquency, and substance use. Notably, the decreasing aggression trajectory was as likely to be associated with high trajectories of substance initiation as was the high aggression trajectory. Furthermore, trajectories of delinquency were differentially associated with future substance use; however, substance use trajectories did not predict trajectories of delinquency. There were few gender differences in the developmental progression of these problem behaviors during middle school with only two exceptions, males were more likely to follow a trajectory of decreasing aggression and a trajectory of high stable delinquency. Evaluations of ethnic/racial differences in the trajectory group membership also revealed few differences. The results of this study provide important information regarding interconnections between developmental changes in problem behavior that occur during the middle school years, highlighting groups that may be missed via traditional analytic approaches that predict mean changes.
Statics and dynamics of concentration fluctuations in nonionic micellar solutions

Measurements of the angular distribution of light scattered from a nonionic surfactant, C12E6, are used to obtain the divergence of the static correlation length and isothermal compressibility near the critical point. The dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient on momentum transfer yields a dynamic correlation length which agrees closely with the static values for the temperature regime (Tc−4 °C)<T<Tc. Outside this regime the scattering measurements are consistent with micelle growth. Dynamic scaling holds for this system near Tc but a significant background contribution to the diffusion coefficient is present due to the large micelle size.
Scientific Uses of Random Drilling Models

to generate possible histories of exploration for oil within the land area of the contiguous United States. The actual historical record of exploration is then shown to correspond in general form for long periods to a random search using a system of exploration with relatively constant effectiveness. The correspondence between the model and history suggests that the powerful tools of probability theory can be useful in analyses of future success in exploration, volume of petroleum reserves, and other matters of deep national concern. The beginnings of a probabilistic analysis of some aspects of petroleum exploration
Solace in solitude: An American Adamic alienation and José Antonio Villarreal's Pocho

(2000). Solace in solitude: An American Adamic alienation and Jose Antonio Villarreal's Pocho. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 239-259.
Diversifying the faculty across gender lines: Do trustees and administrators matter?

Abstract Our paper focuses on the role that the gender composition of the leaders of American colleges and universities - trustees, presidents, and provosts - play in influencing the rate at which academic institutions diversify their faculty across gender lines. Our analyses make use of institutional level panel data that we have collected for a large sample of American academic institutions. We find that other factors held constant, including our estimate of the “expected” share of new hires that should be female, that institutions with female presidents and provosts, as well as those with a greater share of female trustees, increase their share of female faculty at a more rapid rate. The magnitudes of the effects of these leaders are larger at smaller institutions, where central administrators typically play a larger role in faculty hiring decisions. A critical share of female trustees must be reached before the gender composition of the board matters.
Neuroendocrine serotonergic and dopaminergic responsivity in male schizophrenic patients during treatment with neuroleptics and after switch to risperidone.

Rationale: The pharmacological profile of risperidone is that of an atypical neuroleptic regarding its serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor blocking properties. Treatment with risperidone, though, results in considerably elevated plasma prolactin (PRL) levels which are not observed with other atypical neuroleptics, such as clozapine, indicating a differentiated action on receptors that are involved in PRL release, mainly dopaminergic and serotonergic. Objective: To assess the responsivity of serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors during treatment with neuroleptics and after switch to risperidone, using neuroendocrine paradigms. Methods: Two neuroendocrine challenge tests, measuring the PRL increases induced by acute administration of serotonergic (clomipramine, 25 mg i.v.) and dopaminergic (haloperidol, 5 mg i.m.) drugs were performed in 13 male schizophrenic patients during treatment with typical neuroleptics and, later, after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone. The tests were also performed in a group of nine healthy male volunteers. PRL was estimated in blood samples taken every 15 min for 1 h for clomipramine and every 30 min for 2 h for haloperidol. Psychopathology was assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Results: During treatment with neuroleptics (mean dose 1354 mg chlorpromazine equivalents, range 300–2400 mg), i.m. haloperidol caused significant elevations in plasma PRL, which were totally abolished after 6 weeks treatment with risperidone (mean dose 12.1 mg/day, range 8–16 mg/day), indicating complete D2 receptor blockade. In contrast, the PRL increases obtained after clomipramine administration during neuroleptic treatment were preserved after treatment with risperidone. Both PRL response patterns to clomipramine were similar to that of healthy controls. BPRS score was 50.2±9.3 points during neuroleptic treatment and was reduced after risperidone to 30.1±6.6 points, i.e., 40% in the mean. Conclusions: During treatment with typical neuroleptics, the PRL responses to clomipramine are normal, and they are preserved after switch to risperidone in doses that cause complete dopamine receptor blockade. Risperidone, a dopamine and 5-HT receptor blocker, does not affect 5-HT receptors that are involved in the PRL release by the 5-HT uptake blocker clomipramine, indicating a different behavior than other atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine or olanzapine, for which a reduction of the PRL release induced by serotonergic agents like fenfluramine or mCPP has been reported. A conclusive identification of the 5-HT receptor subtypes that are involved in this different action cannot be identified at present, but it should be taken into account that risperidone differs from clozapine, showing higher affinity for 5-HT2A than 5-HT2C receptors and lacking the marked affinity of clozapine to 5-HT1A receptors.
The Compensation for Seeing in Stellar Photoelectric Spectrophotometry

A method for the compensation of a variable light source in photoelectric spectrophotometry is presented. The outputs of a scanning photo-cell and a monitoring cell are fed to two amplifiers. The outputs of these amplifiers are then fed to a self-balancing recording potentiometer. The equipment has laboratory as well as astrophysical applications. The limiting magnitude at which useful spectrophotometry with a resolution of 1A is approximately 4. Further development work is in progress.
Transanal excision with radiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of transanal excision (TAE) combined with radiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma, assess the ability of pretreatment endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to predict failures, and determine the prognostic value of downstaging and complete pathological response. DESIGN Retrospective outcomes study. SETTING Radiation oncology clinic. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS The medical records of patients treated with radiotherapy from 1998 to 2008 and followed for a median of 5.9 years were reviewed. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from selected endpoints at 5 years after treatment were: overall survival, 79%; cause-specific survival, 91%; local control, 90%; and freedom from distant metastasis, 76%. Seven patients (21%) had eventual abdominoperineal resection or lower anterior resection, four patients had local recurrence, and three patients had incomplete treatment or poor margins. T3 lesions clinically staged by EUS were a predictor of local failure (P=0.0110), but not distant metastasis (P=0.35). Patients with either a pathological or clinical T3 lesion did not have a significantly greater rate of metastasis (P=0.096). Patients who were downstaged did not have a significantly different rate of local recurrence or metastasis. Patients who experienced a complete pathological response did not have a significantly different rate of local control or distant metastasis. CONCLUSION Patients with early-stage rectal lesions who undergo preoperative or postoperative radiation and TAE have similar outcomes to those who undergo abdominoperineal resection; local recurrence was higher for patients with T3 lesions when both were compared. Abdominal surgery should be considered for these patients. TAE is reasonable when patients are unwilling or unable to tolerate the morbidity of traditional transabdominal surgery.
Mode Mixity and Crack Tip Yield Zones in TSD Sandwich Specimens with PVC Foam Core

In an effort to examine the relation between core fracture toughness and face/core debond toughness, fracture mechanics analysis was conducted on core and debond fracture specimens. H30, H80, H100,...
It's About Time!!!!: What to Do About Long Delays in the Review Process

As anyone who has submitted papers for publication for any period of time knows, there are instances of unconscionable delay in getting reviews back for journals. In this note, some of these reasons are discussed and ways to resolve them are proposed. Perhaps the most radical suggestion is for a process in which reviewers are identified, while authors remain anonymous.
Development of a Human Biorepository Information System at the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center

Modern molecular-based studies increasingly require human biological samples. To systematically support data management for the University of Kentucky (UK) Markey Cancer Center's (MCC) Biospecimen Core Tissue Bank (BCTB), the UK-Biorepository Information System (BIS) was designed and implemented. The BCTB was funded by the Kentucky Lung Cancer Program, which emphasizes lung tissues, matched serum, plasma, white blood cells, and buffy- coats collected from donors seen in the MCC MultidiscipUnary Lung Cancer Clinic and other selected clinics. Essential sub-modules-the user, the project, the storage, the annotation, the distribution, and the search management-were included in the UK- BIS. As of July 2006, a total of 11,940 samples from 894 patients have been recorded and housed at the Kentucky Cancer Registry server for its secure and consistent system administration.
On the spectral analysis of self adjoint operators generated by second order difference equations

In this paper, I shall consider operators generated by difference equations of the formwhere Δ is the forward difference operator, and a, p, and r are sequences of real numbers. The connection between the oscillation constant of this equation and the bottom of the essential spectrum of self-adjoint extensions of the operator generated by the equation is given, as well as various other information about the spectrum of such extensions. In particular, I derive conditions for the spectrum to have only countably many eigenvalues below zero, and a simple criterion for the invariance of the essential spectrum.
Gender Effects in Decoding Nonverbal Cues

This article summarizes results of 7S studies that reported accuracy for males and females at decoding nonverbal communication. The following attributes of the studies were coded: year, sample size, age of judges, sex of stimulus person(s), age of stimulus person(s), and the medium and channel of communication (e.g., photos of facial expressions, filtered speech). These attributes were examined in relation to three outcome indices: direction of effect, effect size (in SD units), and significance level. Results showed that more studies showed female advantage than would occur by chance, the average effect was of moderate magnitude and was significantly larger than zero, and more studies reached a conventional level of significance than would be expected by chance. The gender effect for visual-plus-auditory studies was significantly larger than for visual-only and auditory-only studies. The magnitude of the gender effect did not vary reliably with sample size, age of judges, sex of stimulus person(s), or age of stimulus person(s). The study of people's ability to judge the meanings of nonverbal cues of emotion has a long history in social psychology, dating to the second decade of this century. The first question asked was whether people could recognize nonverbally expressed emotions at all, and this was followed by the search for correlates of judging ability. Gender was one of the first attributes of judges to be examined in relation to judging ability. Gender has not always been an important variable in psychological research. In the study of nonverbal communication, however, gender was considered important from the start, because of the predictions that could be made based on gender role stereotypes and folk beliefs about "woman's intuition." Researchers of nonverbal communication have clearly felt that the comparison of males' and females' performances is theoretically
Steering invariant robust sidelobe cancellation implementation for large arrays

Adaptive beamforming (ABF) using a conventional beamformer (CBF) output interference estimator-subtractor (ES) is known as sidelobe cancellation (SC). SC forms a very low dimensional data vector, called the auxiliary vector, as an input to the adaptive ES function. After a treatment of robust and steering invariant SC background, the frequency dependent auxiliary vector formation from geometrically thinned, sparse array apertures is considered. The corresponding auxiliary aperture spans the full array aperture and consequently does not sacrifice the potential for mainlobe interference rejection while still maintaining essentially optimum SC. Robust steering invariant (SI) SC is compared to a full element space ABF.
Method of lines for the analysis of microstrip structures on inclined planes

The propagation characteristics of a microstrip line in an inhomogeneous medium with an inclined ground plane are analysed using the method of lines. The numerical results of quasistatic, as well as frequency dependent propagation, characteristics for a typical microstrip line on an inclined plane are presented.
Performance assessment of non-self-regulating controllers in a cogeneration power plant

This work details a novel method for assessing the performance of a PI (proportional-integral) feedback controller when the process displays non-self-regulating dynamic behavior. By applying an intuitive process control-based pattern recognition method to the autocorrelation function of the process measurement signal, the controller’s disturbance rejection performance can automatically be categorized. Stochastic data collected over days or weeks is analyzed to compute an index descriptive of current controller performance. If the control response has drifted from a user-defined target value, the analysis further provides a guide for tuning adjustments to restore desired performance. Significant aspects of this approach are that no plant disruption or process knowledge is required for evaluation. Classic examples of non-self-regulating behavior include certain liquid level control loops and pressure control loops which are prevalent in cogeneration power plants. In this work, we detail how the performance assessment method was used to improve performance of such controllers in the University of Connecticut’s power plant.
Quantization Based on the Mean-Absolute-Error Criterion

Performance criteria for the design of optimum quantizers are considered. A distance criterion for quantizer input and output probability distribution functions is formulated, and its relationship to the usual distortion criteria is established. The criterion based on absolute error is shown to have unique properties, justifying its use as a performance index for optimum quantization. Numerical results are presented, and the implication for adaptive quantization of the use of this criterion is discussed.
Consideration of microstructural effects in the analysis of adiabatic shear bands in a tungsten heavy alloy

Abstract We use multiscale and multiphysics analyses to approximately account for the microstructure of a composite comprised of tungsten particulates embedded in a nickel–iron matrix and deformed in plane strain tension at a high strain rate. Both materials are assumed to be perfectly bonded to each other, and heat-conducting, microporous, strain- and strain-rate hardening, and thermally softening with thermomechanical material parameters degrading with the evolution of porosity. The square region whose finite thermomechanical deformations are analyzed is divided into a uniform mesh, (for example), of 10 × 10 super-elements or patches, and each patch is subdivided into 10 × 10 uniform finite elements (FEs). Material properties in a super-element are obtained from those of its constituents and their volume fractions by a homogenization technique. Thus the square region is comprised of 100 homogeneous subbodies perfectly bonded to each other. Keeping the total number of FEs fixed, the effect of the number of patches on the time of initiation of an adiabatic shear band (ASB) is delineated, and it is compared with that obtained from the mesoscale analysis of the problem with the 100 × 100 uniform FE mesh and considering each material separately. With an increase in the number of patches, the ASB initiation time converges to that obtained from the mesoscale analysis. The CPU time and other computational resources required for the patchwork analysis are considerably less than those needed for the mesoscale analysis. The proposed technique enables one to consider effects of microstructure in analyzing deformations of a full-scale structure.
Mining sequential patterns

We are given a large database of customer transactions, where each transaction consists of customer-id, transaction time, and the items bought in the transaction. We introduce the problem of mining sequential patterns over such databases. We present three algorithms to solve this problem, and empirically evaluate their performance using synthetic data. Two of the proposed algorithms, AprioriSome and AprioriAll, have comparable performance, albeit AprioriSome performs a little better when the minimum number of customers that must support a sequential pattern is low. Scale-up experiments show that both AprioriSome and AprioriAll scale linearly with the number of customer transactions. They also have excellent scale-up properties with respect to the number of transactions per customer and the number of items in a transaction. >
A comparison of a left-sided Broncho-Cath with the torque control blocker univent and the wire-guided blocker.

Lung isolation can be accomplished in two ways: the first, a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) and the second, a bronchial blocker (Univent® or Arndt® blocker). Previous studies have found that the DLT and the Univent® are comparable when providing lung isolation. A new bronchial blocker, the wir
Involvement of the oxytocin system in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the sex-specific regulation of social recognition

Sex differences in the oxytocin (OT) system in the brain may explain why OT often regulates social behaviors in sex-specific ways. However, a link between sex differences in the OT system and sex-specific regulation of social behavior has not been tested. Here, we determined whether sex differences in the OT receptor (OTR) or in OT release in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pBNST) mediates sex-specific regulation of social recognition in rats. We recently showed that, compared to female rats, male rats have a three-fold higher OTR binding density in the pBNST, a sexually dimorphic area implicated in the regulation of social behaviors. We now demonstrate that OTR antagonist (5 ng/0.5 μl/side) administration into the pBNST impairs social recognition in both sexes, while OT (100 pg/0.5 μl/side) administration into the pBNST prolongs the duration of social recognition in males only. These effects seem specific to social recognition, as neither treatment altered total social investigation time in either sex. Moreover, baseline OT release in the pBNST, as measured with in vivo microdialysis, did not differ between the sexes. However, males showed higher OT release in the pBNST during social recognition compared to females. These findings suggest a sex-specific role of the OT system in the pBNST in the regulation of social recognition.
When Patients Call Their Surgeon’s Office: An Opportunity to Improve the Quality of Surgical Care and Prevent Readmissions

Background Little is known about care coordination and communication with outpatient endocrine surgery patients. This study evaluated phone calls between office nurses and surgical patients to identify common issues addressed and their effect on patient care.
New National Academy of Sciences Report

Anew report from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences nds that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) could implement constructive changes to its manage- ment of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States. The report, Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward,1 reviews the science underpinning BLM’s Wild Horse and Burro Program and identi es tools that already exist that could be used to better manage horses and burros on healthy ecosystems, enhance public engagement and con- dence, and make the program more nancially sustainable. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v35i4_laney
Sexual Dimorphism in Egg Size and Implications regarding Facultative Manipulation of Sex in Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows

The volume of male eggs in Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) was slightly larger than that of female eggs in every year of a 5-year study. The volume difference was highly significant (P < 0.01) when data for all years were combined. Male nestlings also grew faster than female siblings. Natural history observations on adults suggest that reproductive success is more variable in male than in female Whitecrowned Sparrows. Taken together, these data are consistent with facultative manipulation of offspring sex as proposed under the Trivers and Willard hypothesis (1973). In avian species it may be necessary when testing this hypothesis to consider the relationship between sex and parental investment for individual offspring rather than focusing solely on differences between broods.
Fas Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Fibrogenic Phenotype in a Model of Chronic Ethanol-Induced Hepatocellular Injury

The role of Fas-mediated apoptosis and its effect on proinflammatory cytokine production in early alcoholic liver disease has not been addressed. Wild-type mice (C57Bl/6) or mice with a functional mutation in the Fas ligand (B6.gld) were given either high-fat control diet or ethanol diet by intragastric cannulation for 2 or 4 weeks. Liver injury, hepatic lipid accumulation, and proinflammatory cytokine production associated with chronic ethanol consumption were largely prevented in B6.gld mice compared with wild-type mice. Conversely, B6.gld mice given ethanol exhibited increases in collagen deposition, hepatic collagen gene expression, and profibrogenic cytokines (eg, transforming growth factor-β and IL-13) and alterations in matrix remodeling proteins (eg, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) compared with wild-type mice. Hepatic F4/80(+) macrophage populations were increased significantly in B6.gld mice compared with wild-type mice; hepatic CD3(+) cell populations were not significantly different. Importantly, a shift toward the expression of M2/Th2 cytokines (eg, IL-4 and IL-13) after ethanol exposure was observed in B6.gld mice compared with classical M1 cytokine expression in wild-type mice under similar conditions. In isolated macrophages, stimulation of Fas receptor minimally enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 cytokine production and significantly limits M2 cytokine production. These data support the hypothesis that Fas-mediated signaling is important for an early ethanol-induced proinflammatory response but limits the profibrogenic response, regulating collagen production in response to chronic ethanol.
Flexible data acquisition, compression, and reconstruction in advanced metering infrastructure

This paper will design a general, flexible, and efficient framework for data acquisition, data compression, and data reconstruction in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Compressed distributed sensing will be utilized to acquire load data from smart meters and transmit them to the central control unit. Different sparse binary measurement matrices will be exploited for different time instances when data acquisitions are performed. Each sparse binary measurement matrix corresponds to one data gathering scheme using compressed distributed sensing. This paper proposes to perform joint reconstruction of the two-dimensional load profile at the central control unit. Both spatial and temporal correlations will be explicitly employed to facilitate data reconstruction with high accuracy and fidelity. Meanwhile, the desirable data compression ratio can be achieved.
Ob die Fibrillen der quergestreiften Muskeln ihr Volum während der Kontraktion verändern

Hurthle's Messungen an Photographien von lebenden Muskelfasern erbringen keinen Beweis dafur, dass die Muskelfibrillen wahrend der Kontraktion nicht an Volum zunehmen, weil die Fehlergrenzen seiner Messungen sehr gross und auch von Hurthle selbst zu mehr als 40% angegeben sind. Seine Versuche zeigen im aussersten Falle nur, dass das Volum der Fibrillen wahrend der Kontraktion nicht mehr als um 40% zunimmt. Da Hurthle's Messungen keinen befriedigenden Aufschluss uber die Volumveranderungen der Muskelfibrillen geben, so haben die Untersuchungen an fixierten Praparaten von ruhenden und kontrahierten Muskeln und die ubrigen Experimente uber diesen Gegenstand denselben Wert, wie sie vor der Publikation der Hurthle'schen Messungen hatten, und man muss sie als starken Wahrscheinlichkeitsbeweis fur die Ansicht betrachten, dass das Volum der Muskelfibrillen wahrend der Kontraktion zunimmt.
Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life

Early childhood is a critical stage for the foundation and development of both the microbiome and host. Early-life antibiotic exposures, cesarean section, and formula feeding could disrupt microbiome establishment and adversely affect health later in life. We profiled microbial development during the first 2 years of life in a cohort of 43 U.S. infants and identified multiple disturbances associated with antibiotic exposures, cesarean section, and formula feeding. These exposures contributed to altered establishment of maternal bacteria, delayed microbiome development, and altered α-diversity. These findings illustrate the complexity of early-life microbiome development and its sensitivity to perturbation.
Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, Congenital von Willebrand Disease, and Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome

Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B and von Willebrand disease both can present as bleeding diathesis with isolated prolonged PTT. The two diseases can sometimes be difficult to differentiate and furthermore can concurrently occur, which can further complicate diagnosis and management. This chapter will discuss hemophilia A and B in terms of diagnostic criteria and factor VIII and IX physiology. In addition, this chapter will also look at both quantitative and qualitative von Willebrand disease. Quantitative von Willebrand disease includes type 1 and 3 disorders. On the other hand, qualitative disease implies function defects either in coagulation function which includes type 2A, 2B, and 2M disease or in factor VIII carrier function as seen in 2N disease. Pseudo-von Willebrand disease, as its name suggested, is not a true von Willebrand disease, but a platelet glycoprotein Ib receptor gain-of-function disorder which results in laboratory findings that mimic type 2B disease. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome represents a collection of acquired von Willebrand factor abnormalities that have been associated with a number of known diseases such as aortic stenosis and hypothyroidism. The laboratory findings of acquired von Willebrand syndrome often resemble congenital von Willebrand disease subtypes.
Pussy Riot and Performance as Social Practice: Collectivity, Collaboration, and Communal Bond

This chapter examines the avant-garde principles of Pussy Riot’s aesthetic, the group’s call-and-response methodology, and the group’s political disruptions of both physical and ideological spaces through their performances on Red Square and in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Through Pussy Riot’s politically driven punk performances, the social and aesthetic binaries are blurred; these locations are transformed into performative sites that retain both memories of their past and their iconic stature, but also suggest critiques of contemporary identity, cultural values, and personal associations. The Pussy Riot performers continue the legacy of artists such as Karen Finley whose “art of offending” disrupts stage conventions of female body presentation. Emphasizing their feminist roots, “Pussies” similarly disrupt gender expectations by celebrating the aesthetic of indecency, anarchy, ugliness, and assault.
Brazil: The Transparency Portal of the Federal Government

In 2004, the Brazilian Government launched its Transparency Portal (“Portal da Transparencia”), a website dedicated to the provision of detailed information on the revenues and expenditures of the Federal government. It is a key component of Brazil’s national digital strategy. By 2015, the Portal held nearly two billion data entries, totaling nearly five trillion U.S. dollars in payments and transfers to nearly 35 million people and 660,000 legal entities, and had reached a mark of more than one million accesses per month. The case analyzes the Brazilian e-government and transparency policies that led to the Portal’s creation. It provides a detailed description of the Portal’s goals, structure, management, and content, as well as an overview of the drivers that led to its implementation, such as the legal framework and the necessity to fight corruption, and the challenges faced by the government’s implementation team, such as political disputes and the difficulty in reaching the public. Although the Portal is an internationally recognized model of digital government policy, it could still be improved by further integration of datasets, by using more accessible language and visualization tools, and by adding functionalities, which would improve the Portal’s use as a tool for the management of public policies.
Adorno’s ‘addendum’

Adorno’s ‘addendum’ names the experience by which socially constrained agents are jolted into resistance against their suffering. The impulse to action is simultaneously intra-mental and somatic, and thus forms the locus of a jointly conscious and bodily impetus to confronting the ideological and material forces that produce contemporary unfreedom. In this way the ‘addendum’ is a historically developing, indeterminate, yet inexhaustible glimmer of hope for both agents and theorists who make social suffering central to their critical analysis. This article explores the structure of the addendum by unpacking its presentation first in Negative Dialectics and then by way of the one-sided and cautionary illustrations of Buridan’s ass and Hamlet in the History and Freedom lectures. While aesthetic, ideal, affect-centered and Freudian interpretations of the addendum have been developed, appreciating the somatic or bodily, the intra-mental or conscious, and the historicized accounts of nature and reason that Ador...
THE REGENERATION OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS.

A brief account is given of renewed interest in lens regeneration in rabbits from the epithelial cells along the equator of the lens after removal of the crystalline body from the lens capsule. This interest is due to the claims by some recent investigators that better lens regeneration takes place in the presence of implanted cytolyzed fetal tissue within the lens capsule. However, overwhelming evidence has now accumulated to show that the presence of cytolyzing cells does not favor lens regeneration over that of normal controls. The evidence for lens regeneration after complete lentectomy is reviewed for all classes of vertebrates. After the original lens is removed from the eyes of several species of salamanders a new one regenerates from a budding process along the pupillary margin of the dorsal iris. Except for two species of fishes and one species of frog-tadpoles, lens regeneration following lentectomy has never been observed in any of the other vertebrates. Many experiments show that cells with the potential for lens regeneration in the newt eye are confined to the dorsal part of the eye and are scattered over the dorsal iris and even among the retinal pigment cells in the dorsal wall of the eye. Many experiments by the author on the eyes of adult newts are cited, dealing with the release of lens regeneration by a retinal factor and with the apparent inhibitor effect by living lens tissue.
Integrating LCA in Business Decisions—Perspectives From GE

Customers throughout the value chain are becoming increasingly sophisticated and attuned to global environmental challenges. They are beginning to demand more sustainable products from more responsible suppliers. Decision makers throughout industry are motivated—by these customer expectations as well as their own sustainability goals, regulations and standards, market trends, and technology innovation—to find robust tools and credible approaches to demonstrate their commitment to a more sustainable economy. Ideally, life cycle thinking (LCT) approaches can be an important tool to support key organizational functions and existing tools, metrics, and workflows to more effectively realize environmental and business value. It can be most effective when integrated into product design and development at the early stages of innovation. GE’s Ecoassessment Center of Excellence has been developing and applying LCT approaches since 2008. A variety of tools, resources, and strategies have been evolved to address a variety of sustainability needs across a diverse range of products and technologies in many different business contexts. This article explores the approaches, philosophies, strategies, tools, and resources that have been identified as best practices in GE’s ongoing efforts to evolve sustainability concepts that improve the environmental performance of its products and technologies while adding value to its customers and to society.
Environmentally Resistant Mo-Si-B-Based Coatings

High-temperature applications have demonstrated aluminide-coated nickel-base superalloys to be remarkably effective, but are reaching their service limit. Alternate materials such as refractory (e.g., W, Mo) silicide alloys and SiC composites are being considered to extend high temperature capability, but the silica surfaces on these materials require coatings for enhanced environmental resistance. This can be accomplished with a Mo-Si-B-based coating that is deposited by a spray deposition of Mo followed by a chemical vapor deposition of Si and B by pack cementation to develop an aluminoborosilica surface. Oxidation of the as-deposited (Si + B)-pack coatings proceeds with partial consumption of the initial MoSi2 forming amorphous silica. This Si depletion leads to formation of a B-saturated Mo5Si3 (T1) phase. Reactions between the Mo and the B rich phases develop an underlying Mo5SiB2 (T2) layer. The T1 phase saturated with B has robust oxidation resistance, and the Si depletion is prevented by the underlying diffusion barrier (T2). Further, due to the natural phase transformation characteristics of the Mo-Si-B system, cracks or scratches to the outer silica and T1 layers can be repaired from the Si and B reservoirs of T2 + MoB layer to yield a self-healing characteristic. Mo-Si-B-based coatings demonstrate robust performance up to at least 1700 °C not only to the rigors of elevated temperature oxidation, but also to CMAS attack, hot corrosion attack, water vapor and thermal cycling.