cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct speciation of phosphorus in alum-amended poultry litter: solid-state 31P NMR investigation.

Amending poultry litter (PL) with aluminum sulfate (alum) has proven to be effective in reducing water-soluble phosphorus (P) in the litter and in runoff from fields that have received PL applications; it has therefore been suggested as a best management practice. Although its effectiveness has been demonstrated on a macroscopic scale in the field, little is known about P speciation in either alum-amended or unamended litter. This knowledge is important for the evaluation of the long-term stability and bioavailability of P, which is a necessary prerequisite for the assessment of the sustainability of intensive poultry operations. Both solid-state MAS and CP-MAS 31P NMR as well as 31P{27Al}TRAPDOR were used to investigate P speciation in alum-amended and unamended PL. The results indicate the presence of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic orthophosphate phases. A calcium phosphate phase, probably a surface precipitate on calcium carbonate, could be identified in both unamended and alum-amended PL, ...
Superlinearly convergent variable metric algorithms for general nonlinear programming problems.

In this paper sufficient conditions for local and superlinear convergence to a Kuhn—Tucker point are established for a class of algorithms which may be broadly defined and comprise a quadratic programming algorithm for repeated solution of a subproblem and a variable metric update to develop the Hessian in the subproblem. In particular the DFP update and an update attributed to Powell are shown to provide a superlinear convergent subclass of algorithms provided a start is made sufficiently close to the solution and the initial Hessian in the subproblem is sufficiently close to the Hessian of the Lagrangian at this point.
Synthesis of mixed complexes of ruthenium(II) with 2,2′-dipyridyl

Abstract A simple, reliable method has been developed for producing solutions of [Ru(dipy)(py) 4 ] 2+ (dipy = 2,2′-dipyridyl; py = pyridine). This reagent has been employed to prepare mixed ligand complexes with o -phenanthroline (phen), ethylenediamine (en), 2-aminomethylpyridine (PMA), and 2-aminoethylpyridien (PEA). Complexes which have been isolated are cis - and trans -[Ru(dipy) 2 py 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , cis - and trans -[Ru(dipy)(py) 2 (phen)](ClO 4 2 , [Ru(dipy)(phen) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , [Ru(dipy)(py) 2 en](ClO 4 ) 2 , [Ru(dipy)(py) 2 (PMA)] ClO 4 ) 2 , and [Ru(dipy)(PMA) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , and [Ru(dipy)(py) 2 (PEA)](ClO 4 ) 2 . The infrared spectra of these complexes have been found to be quite useful in identifying and characterizing them; their electronic spectra are reported.
Coherent versus incoherent Raman scattering: molecular coherence excitation and measurement

We present a comparative analysis of spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering on pyridine. The instantaneous excitation of the molecular coherence is done by a pair of ultrashort preparation pulses. Then, a long narrowband probe pulse is scattered off the molecular vibrations. The described hybrid technique allows for the single-shot acquisition of a background-free coherent Raman spectrum within the excitation band and its straightforward comparison with the spontaneous Raman measurements, performed in the same setup. We report a 105-fold increase in the efficiency of the Raman scattering process due to the broadband pump-Stokes preparation. The coherence magnitude (~0.5×10−3) is inferred experimentally, without a priori knowledge about the molecular structure.
A corona discharge probe system for measuring phase velocities in a dense suspension

Measurement of distribution of velocities of phases in pipe flow of a dense gas‐solid suspension was facilitated by the use of an ion source in the form of a localized corona discharge and a downstream traversing electrostatic probe. The system utilizes the transient behavior of a corona discharge which provides a distinction of times of arrival of ions and solid particles of modified charges at a downstream probe. This probe system does not suffer the handicap of other available probe systems in a dense solid phase.
The rates of growth of protein fractions of the heart and kidney of the rat

Abstract The procedure for fractionating the proteins of a single rat heart has been modified for the kidney. The quantity of each protein fraction of the heart and kidney has been studied for female rats of the Addis-Slonaker strain, ranging in age from 4 weeks to 1 year. Regressions were derived correlating the quantity of protein of each fraction with the weight of the rat. The growth rate of each fraction was calculated. It was observed that there were wide individual differences. For example α-myosin and β-myosin in the heart grow at a greater rate than other protein fractions. It is suggested that the rate of growth of a particular protein fraction may be dependent upon the demands placed upon it.
Interaction between 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism and Abuse History on Adolescent African-American Females’ Condom Use Behavior Following Participation in an HIV Prevention Intervention

Not everyone exposed to an efficacious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention will reduce sexual risk behaviors, yet little is known about factors associated with “failure to change” high-risk sexual behaviors post-intervention. History of abuse and polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) may be associated with non-change. The current study sought to identify genetic, life history, and psychosocial factors associated with adolescents’ failure to change condom use behaviors post-participation in an HIV prevention intervention. A sub-set of participants from a clinic-based sample of adolescent African-American females (N = 254) enrolled in a randomized trial of an HIV-prevention was utilized for the current study. Forty-four percent did not increase their condom use from baseline levels 6 months after participating in the sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV prevention intervention. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, an interaction between abuse and 5-HTTLPR group was significantly associated with non-change status, along with partner communication frequency scores at follow-up. Follow-up tests found that having a history of abuse was significantly associated with greater odds of non-change in condom use post-intervention for only those with the s allele. For those with ll allele, participants with higher partner communication frequency scores were at decreased odds of non-change in condom use post-intervention. Thus, STI/HIV interventions for adolescent females may consider providing a more in-depth discussion and instruction on how to manage and overcome fear or anxiety related to being assertive in sexual decisions or sexual situations. Doing so may improve the efficacy of STI/HIV prevention programs for adolescent women who have experienced abuse in their lifetime.
Gonad-brain relationship: effects of castration and testosterone on electroshock convulsions in male rats.

The effects of castration and testosterone on brain excitability were investigated in male rats by measuring the minimal electroshock seizure threshold and the maximal electroshock seizure pattern. The principal results were: (a) Castration. Postpuberally castrated rats demonstrated less excitability than intact controls, as shown by changes in the maximal seizure pattern. However, excitability, measured by seizure thresholds, appeared slightly increased when castration was performed prepuberally. (b) Testosterone. The daily administration of high doses of testosterone to castrated rats increased the seizure threshold, whereas low and moderate doses had no effect. This decrease in excitability was further evidenced by an anticonvulsant effect on the maximal seizure pattern at 74 days of age after 2 weeks of testosterone injections. On the other hand, continued administration of the androgen reversed the anticonvulsant pattern to a convulsant one at 95 and 109 days of age, even though seizure thresholds we...
The item veto in the states: An analysis of the effects over time

Abstract This article examines the effects of the item veto in the states in a new fashion. It provides a dynamic analysis, in an attempt to answer the question of whether the item veto inhibits the growth of state spending. It also draws distinctions between the simple item veto and the more powerful reduction item veto, as well as differentiating between different spending categories. The results demonstate that, for a 16 year period, the reduction item veto appeared to have a moderate inhibiting effect on the spending category most likely to be restrainable through the item veto.
Consistency and sensitivity of community level endpoints in microcosm tests

We review microcosm toxicity tests with 12 chemical stresses and find that the relative sensitivity of certain endpoints is consistent over toxicant type. Changes in species composition occur at very low levels of chronic stress. Endpoints responding at increasing levels of stress are declines in species numbers relative to expected numbers, followed by decreased oxygen production and decreased total production. Other endpoints are quite sensitive in response to some toxicants but insensitive to others (e.g., autotrophic biomass). In addition, other endpoints respond unpredictably to stress, showing stimulation under some conditions and impairment under others. We compare our observations to the progressions of impact suggested from published whole ecosystem experiments and speculate about a general ecosystem distress syndrome and the implications for choosing endpoints in both toxicity testing and monitoring.
The use of fat-free human milk in infants with chylous pleural effusion

The purpose of this study is to describe the processing of human milk to remove its fat content and its use in seven infants with chylothorax. The mother's milk was centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 15 min at 2°C. After centrifugation, the milk separated into a solidified-fat top layer and a lower liquid portion. The fat-free liquid portion was then poured into collection cups and frozen for the patient's use at a later date. A sample of the mother's milk before and after processing was stored and analyzed for fat, sodium, potassium, calcium and zinc. The mean fat removed was 5±1 g/dl (mean±s.d.), which was the same as the pre-fat content of the mother's milk. Seven infants with chylous pleural effusions used the fat-free human milk. All infants started on the fat-free milk after a month of age for an average of 16 days duration (7 to 34 days range). There was no reaccumulation of the chylous pleural effusions with the use of the fat-free mother's milk. Mother's milk electrolytes were similar before and after processing. Fat-free human milk may be an important additional dietary therapy for infants with chylothorax and may add the immunologic properties of human milk that other feedings cannot provide.
Corruption of politicians, law enforcement, and the judiciary in Mexico and complicity across the border

Mexico is a failing state, languishing under a deeply entrenched system of political corruption that undermines the three branches of government and compromises Mexico's law enforcement and national security capabilities. This article explores the culture of corruption that pervades the state and frustrates the rule of law in Mexico, examining how the political elites, the judiciary, and police officials embrace corruption as a primary means for career advancement and for acquiring personal wealth. It is an examination of a country overwhelmed by a system of government and commerce that has grown dependent on corruption in order to function. But such a system cannot sustain itself indefinitely, and the signs of the Mexican state's collapse are becoming more apparent in the wake of unprecedented political and social violence at the hands of corrupt actors and Mexican drug lords.
Optical trapping and manipulation of multi-pronged bacteria

We demonstrate optical trapping and rotation of multi-pronged mutant bacteria based on their geometric shape. In-plane trapping and separation of bacteria with different symmetry is readily achieved by lab-view controlled dynamical holographic tweezers.
Climatic significance of Holocene beachrock sites along shorelines of the Red Sea: Discussion

The geologic record of climate change is currently a very active area of research. The results of such studies have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of the different factors that influence climate and, consequently, may help to guide policy initiatives regarding global warming. Given the importance of such studies, it is imperative that they be scientifically rigorous and thorough. Friedman (2005) falls short on both counts. In this article, Friedman attempted to use the oxygen isotopic composition of a series of 14C-dated beachrock samples to infer past changes in temperature. On the basis of increasing δ18O values for beachrock with decreasing age, he concluded that global temperature has decreased dramatically during much of the Holocene. The conclusions of the study regarding changing temperature are not supported by the data presented. Alternative hypotheses, not considered in the study, are far more likely explanations for the observed isotopic trend than decreasing temperature. The principal problems with the article are that (1) critical assumptions are unsupported, and there is no discussion of alternative hypotheses; (2) there is no description of the petrographic characteristics of the samples; (3) no information on methodology is included; (4) the existing literature on beachrock, much directly relevant to the study, is completely ignored; and (5) the conclusions are contradicted by a large number of paleoclimate studies for the same period. These problems are discussed in detail below. Friedman makes several important assumptions without adequately justifying them. The first assumption is that cements in the beachrock precipitated from unaltered seawater. He acknowledges that ground-water discharge, mixing with river water, and evaporation effects (particularly significant in the Gulf of Aqaba; Friedman, 1968) can alter the isotopic composition of local seawater, but proceeds to assume, for the purpose of the subsequent …
THE EMERGENCE OF THE CAPACITY TO NAME LEFT VISUAL FIELD STIMULI IN A CALLOSOTOMY PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY

Callosotomized patient J.W. has a well-documented history of right hemisphere language abilities, including an auditory and visual lexical-semantic system with limited phonology and syntax. However, J.W. has not previously exhibited the ability to name stimuli presented to the left visual field (LVF). We report the emergence of this ability. Experiments were conducted in which pictures and text were presented to the subject's LVF using retinal stabilization techniques to ensure lateralization. J.W. was able to correctly name approximately one-quarter of these stimuli under a variety of presentation conditions. The newly developed ability to respond verbally to complex LVF stimuli can be the result of (1) enhanced inter-hemispheric transfer of information via sub-cortical pathways, (2) sophisticated cross cueing strategies, or (3) control of motor speech in the right hemisphere. Although it appears that the first two mechanisms make a contribution to J.W.'s LVF naming performance, accuracy for unpredictable stimulus sets and the error patterns require acknowledgement that control of motor speech is now available to the right hemisphere.
Multi-dimensional modulation for multi-path fading channels: Performance analysis

This paper proposes a multi-dimensional modulation (MDM) technique that achieves better performance than conventional orthogonal modulation without any diversity or coding gain. The key to improving upon the performance of orthogonal modulation is to efficiently exploit the additional degrees of freedom offered by higher dimensional Euclidean space in the constellation design. Analytical results are obtained for the exact symbol and bit error performance of the MDM design over flat and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Through simulation, we compare the error performance of the MDM scheme with conventional orthogonal modulation, namely frequency-shift keying.
Thiophosphoric acid derivatives of ethylamine, DL-methionine, and L-proline ethyl esters. IV. Biological activities in seeds of Hyoscyamus niger.

The effect of certain thiophosphoric acid derivatives on germination and seedling growth of hyoscyamus seeds was observed. All of the compounds as 0.1% w/v suspensions or solutions inhibited the growth of the seedlings. Four ethylamine and two DL-methionine derivatives inhibited germination, whereas two esters stimulated germination. Inhibition and stimulation of germination and growth were observed with some of the 0.01% solutions. The 0.001% solutions had no effect on germination, but seven promoted the growth of the seedling. Structure-toxicity relationship is discussed.
Robust dual-arm manipulation of rigid objects via palm grasping-theory and experiments

An internal force-based impedance control scheme for two coordinating robots manipulating a rigid object via palm grasping is introduced. The minimal internal force required to maintain the grasp on the object is computed from the frictional constraints and sensed forces. A closed-form solution to the minimization problem is developed which makes the algorithm suitable for real-time control. The controller uses sensed moments at the palm interface to maintain proper orientation of the palms to achieve maximum surface contact. Each manipulator's nonlinear dynamics is compensated by a robust auxiliary controller which is insensitive to robot-model uncertainty and payload variation. The controller is only weakly-dependent on each manipulator's inertia matrix. Stability of the system is analyzed. Rigorous experimental investigations are are performed and the results presented which validate the proposed concepts.
Early Evaluation of Scalable Fabric Interface for PGAS Programming Models

Inter-processor communication is a critical factor for performance at scale. In order to achieve good performance, communication overheads should be minimized. The fabric interface library plays a major role in determining the communication overheads. This is very important for the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming models, as these models have been designed for very low-overhead remote memory access.The OpenFabrics Alliance has recently initiated an effort to revamp fabric communication interface to better suit parallel programming models. The new open-source interface is being called Scalable Fabric Interface (SFI). The chief distinguishing feature being that the new interfaces are being co-designed along with the applications that use them, such as PGAS communication libraries.In this paper we present an early evaluation of the mapping of PGAS libraries by implementing prototypes of the popular GASNet library and OpenSHMEM over SFI. Our analysis indicates overheads of mapping to SFI are significantly lower than to the current OpenFabrics Verbs communication interface. We can reduce the number of instructions in mapping GASNet to SFI by 82%, Berkeley UPC over GASNet to SFI by 80%, and OpenSHMEM to SFI by 95% as compared to similar mappings to OpenFabrics Verbs interface.
The 'Brightness Rules' alternative conception for light bulb circuits

An alternative conception for the observed differences in light bulb brightness was revealed during an unguided inquiry investigation in which prospective elementary teachers placed identical bulbs in series, parallel, and combination direct current circuits. Classroom observations, document analyses, and video and audio transcriptions led to the discovery of this alternative conception, appropriately christened 'Brightness Rules'. Assessments administered three weeks after the activity confirmed that several prospective teachers maintained the 'Brightness Rules' conception even after instructor-led intervention. Implications of the discovery of this alternative conception are discussed with respect to a previously administered assessment question that could not identify the presence of this alternative conception.
Complement in Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Although acute or chronic inflammation is a common component of many clinical disorders, the underlying processes can be highly distinct. In recent years, the complement system has been associated with a growing number of immunological and inflammatory conditions that include degenerative diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection. It becomes evident that excessive activation or insufficient control of complement activation on host cells can cause an immune imbalance that may fuel a vicious cycle between complement, inflammatory cells, and tissue damage that exacerbates clinical complications. Although the exact involvement of complement needs to be carefully investigated for each disease, therapeutic modulation of complement activity emerges as an attractive target for upstream inhibition of inflammatory processes. This review provides an update about the functional and collaborative capabilities of complement, highlights major disease areas with known complement contribution, and indicates the potential for complement as a focal point in immunomodulatory strategies for treating inflammatory diseases.
Hybrid Molecular Materials Based on Covalently Linked Inorganic Polyoxometalates and Organic Conjugated Systems.

The Mo≡N bond is conjugated with the organic segment in the novel molecular organic-inorganic hybrid materials that have been obtained by Pd-catalyzed coupling of an iodo-functionalized hexamolybdate anion and an alkyne (see scheme; Ar=4-methylphenyl,3-5-di(tert-butyl)phenyl). The interaction between the polyoxometalate cluster and the organic conjugated system is particularly apparent from the strong red-shifted absorption in the UV/Vis spectrum.
Simple Grinding Procedure to Section Otoliths

Abstract This paper describes an inexpensive and simple grinding technique to section otoliths that I have used to determine the ages of both freshwater and marine fish. Depending on their size, 6–15 otoliths can be sectioned, and their annuli counted, per hour.
Stream bubbles for steady flow visualization

This paper introduces a new relatively inexpensive technique - stream bubbles for 3D flow visualization. The physical analogy to this technique are bubbles that can be observed in nature with different shapes and varying speeds. A stream bubble is a surface, defined by a small set of vertices, advected through a flow field. It can easily manifest flow features like twist, stretch, expansion and rotation. Upon encountering an obstacle, stream bubbles will automatically erode and/or split in an intuitively geometric way. For highly divergent and vortical fields, it can also break apart based on the aspect ratio of the bounding volume. When two or more stream bubbles meet, no explicit merge operation is needed since the surfaces will simply intersect each other to form a composite surface. No effort is made to make the intersection smooth. Stream bubbles may be of different sizes. Larger bubbles give a coarse global view of the flow structure, while smaller ones give a more accurate depiction. In addition, our interface provides an interactive, multi-resolution visualization environment facilitated with an animated or step-by-step playback function.
New Examples of Einstein Metrics in Dimension Four

We construct new examples of four-dimensional Einstein metrics with neutral signature and two-dimensional holonomy Lie algebra.
A latent class method for the selection of prototypes using expert ratings

Latent class analysis can be applied to the outcomes of expert ratings to select objects or subjects that are regarded as prototypical of a category in an ordinal classification system. During a pilot study, Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the probability of correct selection is larger when using latent class analysis than when using methods that rely on agreement statistics. Further improvements in the latent class results can also be achieved by applying affine transformations to latent class estimates of sensitivity and specificity. An application is presented that involves the selection of prototypical radiographs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An impact crater in northeast South Carolina inferred from potential field data

A comparison of recently acquired gravity data with aeromagnetic data for northeastern South Carolina revealed the presence of coincident circular anomalies near Johnsonville. These ~11 km diameter circular lows meet the geophysical criteria for those associated with buried complex impact craters. Within the magnetic low is a northwest-southeast structure enclosed by two concentric "moat-like" lows to its northeast and southwest. The pattern of surface streams passing above the structure is also consistent with the interpretation of a buried impact crater. Fortuitously, a drill core was available from a borehole drilled within these lows. The core includes ~10 m of Paleozoic crystalline Piedmont basement. Petrographic analysis of basement samples from the core revealed indications of shock metamorphic textures, including ballen texture in quartz, and transformation of some feldspar grains to diaplectic glass, supporting the interpretation of the existence of a buried impact crater.
Using audio amplifier distortion characteristics as a pedagogical tool to explain signal processing theory

This paper will describe how audio amplifiers specifications can be used as a pedagogical tool to help explain distortion concepts in signal processing theory. Audio entertainment systems are an ideal and practical vehicle for this subject since these are ubiquitous among students, and audio quality or lack thereof is readily perceived. We will consider various distortion types including amplitude, phase, and nonlinear. In the nonlinear distortion category we present harmonic, and intermodulation. Also discussed are distortions due to limits of dynamic range, and quantization errors. We then present how distortion concepts can be integrated into a signals and systems course.
Hepatitis C in Liver Allograft Recipients: Utility of One-Year Post-Transplantation Biopsy as an Indicator of Antiviral Therapy.

Background: All-oral interferon-free regimens for hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection are highly efficacious; however, high cost is a barrier to applicability. Liver allograft recipients are particularly likely to benefit from therapy as HCV often leads to graft dysfunction and loss. In this study, we aimed to establish the utility of allograft biopsy at 1 year post-transplant as an indicator of treatment. Methods and Results: Among 252 liver recipients enrolled, 136 (54%) developed severe disease (fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) or fibrosis stage ≥ 2 at 1 year post-transplant). Multivariable analysis revealed younger recipient age and female gender, older donor age and T cell depletive therapy to be independent predictors of severe disease. Recipients with severe disease had higher rate of further graft loss compared to those with mild disease. Patients with mild disease and sustained virologic response (SVR) had the best survival rate, whereas those with severe disease and viremia had the worst survival (96% versus 63% at 5 years). Conclusion: In conclusion, allograft biopsy at 1 year helps identify recipients at high risk of further graft dysfunction and loss. In view of high cost of therapy, treatment should be preferably directed to high-risk patients including those with FCH or fibrosis stage ≥ 2 by 1 year post-transplant. Gastroenterol Res. 2015;8(6):281-290 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/gr694w
Recurrent Mossy Fiber Pathway in Rat Dentate Gyrus: Synaptic Currents Evoked in Presence and Absence of Seizure-Induced Growth

Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in rat dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of seizure-induced growth. A common feature of temporal lobe epilepsy and of animal models of ep...
Evidentiary Privileges in International Intellectual Property Practice

Because the international intellectual property is based on a purely territorial model, a party who desires to obtain intellectual property rights in multiple jurisdictions must seek protection in each nation. This system creates unique and largely unforeseen problems involving the attorney client privilege. Although the party will be conveying much of the same information to legal counsel in all nations in which she seeks protection, the attorney-client privilege rules in various nations differ significantly. This paper, which will be presented at the INTA conference in May, 2009, explores the problem and critiques one proposed solution.
Controlling the quantum numbers in chemical reactions: Reactivity and energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited molecules

Abstract This review covers research into the quantum state specific preparation and characterization of highly vibrationally excited molecules, a field of research that has moved into a very exciting period where many new laser techniques can be used to prepare molecules with extremely large quantities of vibrational energy and with exquisite control over the kind of vibrational motion excited. This field gives a foreshadowing of the future, where control of reactant quantum numbers may become as important to the chemist as control of macroscopic reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure. Laser directed chemistry has already been realized in ‘demonstration of principle’ experiments. Many of the unresolved questions relevant to the expanded usefulness laser-directed chemistry will be covered. These include such issues as: (1) control of chemical identity in isomerization reactions, (2) laser-directed photochemical and bimolecular reactions, (3) restriction of intramolecular vibrational redistri...
Jesus as his Friends Remembered Him: A Review of Dale Allison’s Constructing Jesus

Despite considerable variation in its details, historical Jesus scholarship has largely depended on refining and employing the criteria of authenticity in order to differentiate authentic from secondary material in the Jesus tradition. Dale Allison has expressed doubts concerning the criteria and their usefulness for producing knowledge of the historical figure of Jesus. His recent volume, Constructing Jesus, sets out to explore a different route for discussing the historical Jesus, one that accounts for recent psychological and sociological discussions of memory. This essay briefly describes the new shape of historical Jesus scholarship and then summarizes Allison’s central arguments and asks some questions raised by those arguments.
Comparative studies of lipoproteins in various species by paper electrophoresis.

Summary1. Paper electrophoresis provides a simple reproducible method for the study of serum (plasma) lipoproteins. Characteristic species lipoprotein patterns were demonstrated in normal man, monkey, dog and rabbit. 2. This method combined with chemical determinations of serum (plasma) lipids permits detailed investigations of normal and abnormal lipid metabolic states. 3. Elevation of serum (plasma) lipid fractions induced in these species by various experimental procedures were accompanied by a lowering of α lipoprotein and varying degrees of elevation of the β + O fraction.
Some Implications of Team Management

ABSTRACTRecent dramatic changes in industrial organization, including fewer management levels and greater reliance on self-directing work teams, are cited with examples. A short case study of the transition from a matrix management structure to interdisciplinary project teams in an aerospace company is presented. Implications of the reduction in management levels for the engineering career are discussed. Also considered are the potential of these changes in nonindustrial arenas such as education and government, and the possible benefits lost in the process of simplifying management structure.
Myotonic muscular dystrophy.

Myotonic muscular dystrophy is the most common cause of inherited muscular dystrophy affecting adults and children. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and affects many organ systems. Linkage studies have determined that the genetic locus is on chromosome 19. The discovery of closely linked probes allows highly accurate genetic counseling and provides markers for ongoing studies to isolate the DM gene.
Inhibition by epinephrine of AVP- and cAMP-stimulated Na+ and water transport in Dahl rat CCD.

We examined the effects of epinephrine in perfused cortical collecting ducts (CCD) isolated from inbred Dahl-Rapp salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) rats and from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats....
The Dilemma of the Natural Law

ion and generalization he put into one category the acts that promoted his well being and called them "good," and into another category, the acts that harmed him and called them "evil." Not until then was it meaningful to say "do what is good; avoid what is evil." 16 KENEALY, Whose Natural Law?, I CATHOLIC LAWYER 259, 262 (Oct. 1955). As to the tautology or "emptiness" of such statements, see REICHENBACH, supra note 15. 17 FULLER, Legal Fictions, 25 ILL. L. REV. 877,
Surgical repair of total cleft sternum.

There are two objectives in the surgical repair of congenital total cleft sternum: (1) to afford normal bony protection to the mediastinal structures and (2) to provide stability of the anterior thorax so that respiratory function and circulation can be maintained physiologically within normal pressure relationships. A case is presented, and a new method for repair of this life-threatening congenital anomaly is described.
Dizzy and Depressed

This case discusses the pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and nefazodone leading to supratherapeutic carbamazepine levels. Carbamazepine is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and nefazodone is a 3A4 inhibitor.
All λ-separable demands and rationalizing utility functions

Abstract Frisch demands depend on prices and a multiplier λ associated with the consumer’s budget constraint. The case in which demands are separable in λ has been the case of greatest empirical interest, since latent variable methods can be adopted to control for consumer wealth when estimating demands. Subject only to standard, modest, regularity conditions, we show that quantities demanded are λ -separable if and only if the rationalizing utility function is additively separable in these quantities.
A Comparative Look at Citizenship Education in the Western World

Book review of Citizenship, Democracy and Higher Education in Europe, Canada, and the USA. ┬a Edited by Jason Laker, Concepci├│n Naval and Kornelija Mrnjaus. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-137-28747-2
Path loss analysis in millimeter wave cellular systems for urban mobile communications

The proliferation in the number of mobile devices and developments in cellular technology has led to an ever increasing demand for mobile data. The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless carriers today has motivated research for fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. In recent years, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz are being considered as a promising technology for 5G systems. Such systems can offer superior user experience by providing data rates that exceed one Gigabit per second and latencies lower than a millisecond. However, there is little research about cellular mmW propagation in densely populated urban environments. Understanding the radio channel is a primary requirement for optimal design of mmW systems. Radio propagation in mmW systems faces significant challenges due to rapidly varying channel conditions and intermittent connectivity. In this paper, we study the propagation of mmW spectrum in an urban environment. We use a statistical model to simulate an urban environment with diverse building distributions. We perform extensive simulations to analyze the path loss behavior for both line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) conditions for 28 GHZ and 73 GHZ mmW frequencies. We observe that the path loss approximates a logarithmic fit for both LOS and NLOS environments. Our simulations show that the omnidirectional free space path loss is approximately 30 dB higher for mmW systems compared to current 3G PP cellular systems. To address this challenge, we propose using highly directional horn antennas with beam forming for reducing the path loss.
6.2 Computational Multiscale Modeling – Nanoscale to Macroscale

Computational multiscale modeling can greatly facilitate the development of novel composite materials for a wide range of engineering applications. The primary challenge with this approach is the combined use of a wide range of computational tools that span many orders of length and time scales. This chapter summarizes the various tools that are available to predict material structure/behavior from the atomic level to the bulk structural scale. Also summarized are strategies for linking the various modeling approaches, constructing appropriate representative volume elements, applying boundary conditions, and establishing an equivalent continuum model. Finally, a multiscale modeling case study is detailed that demonstrates how to employ many of the approaches discussed in this chapter.
Slow Architecture: Production in Postwar Italian Housing

At a moment when standardization dominated housing design discussions, Italians engaged in a different kind of experiment in housing production. Under the Ina-Casa plan (1949–63), Italian architects developed a slow approach to architecture. Like its contemporaries, the plan grew out of a desire to provide affordable homes for the working class in the postwar period. But the primary goal of the Ina-Casa plan was creating jobs. The brainchild of the Minister of Labor and Social Security, Amintore Fanfani, the Ina-Casa plan was designed to put thousands of unemployed Italians back to work in the wake of the social upheaval and physical devastation wrought by World War II. The success of the plan was measured in terms of workdays created as well as in numbers of homes. Consequently, traditional methods and materials of construction—often rejected for being labor intensive—were embraced under the Ina-Casa plan as an effective way to create more jobs.
Evaporation and the subcanopy energy environment in a flooded forest

The combination of tree canopy cover and a free water surface makes the sub-canopy environment of flooded forested wetlands unlike other aquatic or terrestrial systems. Sub-canopy vapor fluxes and energy budgets represent key controls on water level and understory climate but are not well understood. In a permanently flooded forest in southeastern Louisiana, USA, an energy balance approach was used to address (1) whether evaporation from floodwater under a forest canopy is solely energy limited and (2) how energy availability was modulated by radiation and changes in floodwater heat storage. A five-month continuous measurement period (June-November) was used to sample across seasonal changes in canopy activity and temperature regimes. Over this period, the sub-canopy airspace was humid, maintaining saturation vapor pressure for 28% of the total record. High humidity coupled with the thermal inertia of surface water altered both seasonal and diel energy exchanges, including atypical phenomena such as frequent day-time vapor pressure gradients towards the water surface. Throughout the study period, nearly all available energy was partitioned to evaporation, with minimal sensible heat exchange. Monthly mean evaporation ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 mm day-1, peaking in fall when canopy senescence allowed greater radiation transmission; contemporaneous seasonal temperature shifts and a net release of stored heat from the surface water resulted in energy availability exceeding net radiation by 30% in October and November. Relatively stable energy partitioning matches Priestley-Taylor assumptions for a general model of evaporation in this ecosystem.
DC Arc detection and protection in DC based electrical systems

DC arc characteristics • V-I equation modeling • High frequency noise modeling DC arc fault detection • Signatures from both time and time-frequency domain • Detection algorithm, implementation, and verification System level dc arc fault protection • DC arc faults in arbitrary locations • Fault responses and detection algorithm development • Interaction between protection and control.
Contrasting reproductive parameters in galago senegalensis braccatus and G. s. moholi

Reproductive parameters were compared between two subspecies of the lesser bushbaby, Galago senegalensis braccatusand G. s. moholi.Adult body weights for both male and female G. s. braccatuswere significantly higher than adult body weights of G. s. moholi,as were infant birth weights. The mean gestation length of G. s. braccatuswas significantly longer than that of G. s. moholi. G. s. moholihad a higher incidence of twinning than G. s. braccatus.Puberty in females occurred significantly later in G. s. braccatusthan in G. s. moholi.These differences are of such magnitude that hybridization of G. s. braccatuswith G. s. moholiwould be unlikely. These differences, if augmented by additional evidence, may warrant distinction of the two subspecies at the species level.
Koebner Phenomenon in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.

Koebner phenomenon is an isomorphic response seen in a variety of dermatoses such as psoriasis. Its key feature is the appearance of a new dermatosis in previously unaffected areas following trauma. An 8-year-old girl presented with several months history of a worsening rash on her hands and face, pruritus, and proximal muscle weakness. At age 4, a diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis was first established by the presence of heliotrope rash, …
Microwave Radiometry for Measurement of Water Vapor

The amount of tropospheric water vapor is highly variable in both time and space; therefore the effect of vapor on certain observing systems must be reckoned with in real time. Examples may be encountered in determining heat balance in climatology, in cloud seeding experiments, in mesoscale meteorology, and in atmospheric absorption at millimeter wavelengths for radio astronomy and space communications. At microwave wavelengths, the vapor has strong refractive (Bean and Dutton, 1966) as well as absorptive properties. Therefore radio waves traversing the troposphere undergo a varying delay which is evidenced as a changing phase shift. Since varying delay is location dependent, paths through the atmosphere that are widely separated, as in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), introduce uncorrelated phase shifts. In VLBI, this effect limits the quality of the interference fringes and therefore the resolution of the radio interferometer (Hinder and Ryle, 1971). However, if an independent measurement of integrated water vapor can be obtained on the paths, real time correction for these phase shifts can be made.
Effects of Helper and Recipient Sex on the Experience and Outcomes of Comforting Messages: An Experimental Investigation

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine whether and in what ways the sex of the helper and the recipient moderate the effects of comforting messages in face-to-face interactions. A total of 216 participants disclosed an emotionally upsetting event to a confederate trained to display different levels of nonverbal immediacy and verbal person centeredness. Men and women responded very similarly to comforting messages that exhibited different levels of verbal person centeredness and nonverbal immediacy, and this response similarity was not moderated by the sex of the helper. Both men and women were most comforted by messages that exhibited high levels of person centeredness and nonverbal immediacy, and they were least comforted by messages that exhibited low levels of these qualities. Moreover, both sexes viewed highly person-centered and immediate messages as exhibiting the highest comforting quality, and, with one minor exception, both sexes viewed helpers who used these messages as the most competent.
The somatosensory cortex

Mammals vary in the number of cortical areas involved in processing somatosensory information. Most mammals appear to have areas S1, S2, and PV, as well as strip-like somatosensory areas along the rostral and caudal borders of S1. In monkeys and other higher primates, cortex caudal to S1 is differentiated into areas 1 and 2, each also representing cutaneous receptors, and there is evidence for a ventral somatosensory area, VS, adjoining S2. Processing is more serial in monkeys so that the responsiveness of S2 depends on S1.
Listening to the world

A growing strand of scholarship within sound studies has paid particular attention to the voice, including its disembodiment (Connor 2000), its politics (Cavarero 2005) its relationship to subjecti...
Research participation preferences as expressed through a patient portal: implications of demographic characteristics.

Objective As patient portals are increasingly used for research recruitment, it is important to examine the demographic makeup of research registries that are populated via portals and the factors that influence participation in these registries. Methods We examined the response to a routine research preference questionnaire among patients who were enrolled in a patient portal at an academic health center and characterized the sub-population that responded and was tracked in a research preferences registry. We examined the factors that influence choices in two research preferences: future contact for research opportunities and biobanking of de-identified specimens. Results Out of 79 834 patients to whom the questionnaire was sent, 32% responded. Of those 74% agreed to future contact and 77% to the biobank preference. We found significantly lower odds of agreement in both preferences in minority populations, especially in the population >65 years of age when stratified by race. Individuals with higher comorbidity indexes had significantly higher odds for agreement. Discussion The disparities in volunteerism as expressed by agreement to future contact and willingness to participate in biobanking are exacerbated by lower levels of enrollment in the patient portal by minorities, especially in the oldest age group. Future work should examine other socioeconomic factors and the differences across age groups, sicker individuals, and payer categories. Conclusion Although patient portals can be more efficient for recruitment, researchers have to be cognizant of, and proactively address, potential biases when recruiting participants from these registries.
Impact of American Academy of Pediatrics Palivizumab Guidance for Children ≥29 and <35 Weeks of Gestational Age.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of the American Academy of Pediatrics revised recommendations (2014) for palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) admissions and severity of illness among children ≥29 weeks and Study design We evaluated patients hospitalized with RSV infection from October 1, 2012, through April 30, 2017. RSV hospitalizations, community RSV activity, duration of hospitalization, disease severity, and mortality were reviewed. Data were compared before and after implementation of the guideline changes. Results A total of 91 patients were born at ≥29 weeks and Conclusions Implementation of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines regarding eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis in older infants born preterm did not increase RSV hospitalizations or disease severity among children hospitalized for RSV at our hospital. Our data support continued adherence to the guidelines.