cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE (DEHP) IN MICE AND A MODEL ECOSYSTEM

Publisher Summary Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer for vinyl plastics. It is estimated that 350 million pounds was produced in the United States during 1970. The cumulative production of DEHP and related phthalate plasticizers in the United States since 1943 was in excess of 8 billion pounds. A recent technical conference on plastics indicated there is continued growth of the vinyl plastics industry in the future. Plastics have been identified in remote areas of the world such as the Western Sargasso Sea to familiar river systems in the United States. The presence of phthalates in fish—suggesting a potential link in the food chain to man—has been reported. DEHP has also begun to appear as a micropollutant in the tissues of warm-blooded animals, including man. It has been found in bovine pineal glands, mitochondria from the hearts of cattle, spleen, liver, lung and abdominal fat of humans in quantities ranging from 25 ppm in the spleen to 270 ppm in the abdominal fat. The high titer reported in fat is because of the fact that DEHP has a high fat solubility and low water solubility. DEHP has all of the requisite properties to be classified as a potential environmental and physiological micropollutant.
A Self-Study of Diversity: Preservice Teachers' Beliefs Revealed Through Classroom Practices

The authors present the results of a self-study by seven preservice teachers that reveals ways in which the teachers' beliefs regarding diversity issues were realized in their classroom interaction...
Partial Fibular Head Resection Technique for Snapping Biceps Femoris.

Abstract Snapping biceps femoris is a rare phenomenon in which the biceps femoris tendon subluxates over the fibular head when the leg is brought into deep flexion. Two primary pathologies have been identified: biceps insertion tears/anatomic variants and/or an enlarged fibular head. Often, it can be treated nonoperatively; however, if symptoms are severe enough and refractory to conservative treatments, the underlying pathology can be corrected surgically to alleviate symptoms. The diagnosis is made clinically; the subluxation should be reproducible with deep flexion and should abate with manual compression of the biceps muscle and internal rotation of the tibia. Radiographs can help to discern the size and shape of the fibular head, and magnetic resonance imaging can often help to determine any abnormal tendon insertions. The surgeon should be comfortable with the anatomy of the lateral knee. It is critical to protect the common peroneal nerve. With the appropriate correction, the subluxation can be eliminated and symptoms dramatically improved.
Geo-location identification of Facebook pages

Online Social Network (OSN) communities serve as different platforms for multiple users' interaction - people behaving diversely among distinctive communities - such as entertainment, global and local discussion communities. However, attribute identification among online discussion communities remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we describe and analyze the geo-location property of large-scale Facebook public pages (15M pages). We propose a framework utilizing the connectivity of the page-like graph to predict the missing geo-location information based on Breadth-First Search (BFS). Our method achieves a satisfyingly high accuracy (89 %) on identifying the state location attribute of unknown United States (US) pages. Our empirical results offer a better understanding of regional social analysis and target audience broadcasting.
A Pipeline for Integrated Theory and Data-Driven Modeling of Biomedical Data

Genome sequencing technologies have the potential to transform clinical decision making and biomedical research by enabling high-throughput measurements of the genome at a granular level. However, to truly understand mechanisms of disease and predict the effects of medical interventions, high-throughput data must be integrated with demographic, phenotypic, environmental, and behavioral data from individuals. Further, effective knowledge discovery methods must infer relationships between these data types. We recently proposed a pipeline (CausalMGM) to achieve this. CausalMGM uses probabilistic graphical models to infer the relationships between variables in the data; however, CausalMGM’s graphical structure learning algorithm can only handle small datasets efficiently. We propose a new methodology (piPref-Div) that selects the most informative variables for CausalMGM, enabling it to scale. We validate the efficacy of piPref-Div against other feature selection methods and demonstrate how the use of the full pipeline improves breast cancer outcome prediction and provides biologically interpretable views of gene expression data.
North Central Sociological Association 2020 John F. Schnabel Lecture Missed Opportunities: Developing Undergraduate Students Sociological Research Skills Throughout the Curriculum

Undergraduate sociology students need more opportunities to develop their research skills while earning their degree. However, a common reaction to this assertion is that there simply is not enough...
Controversies in Breast Cancer: Clinically relevant issues are yet to be resolved in many aspects of breast cancer management.

BackgroundA large number of controversies about the management of breast cancer produce uncertainties for patients and physicians alike. In addition, questions are constantly raised about the true ...
Linking undergraduate professional identity development in engineering to major embeddedness and persistence

Abstract Although the development of professional identity is thought to play a central role in the career development process, little empirical research has examined change in professional identity over time and its connection to adjustment and persistence in a professional field of study. In this research, latent growth modeling was used to examine the effects of pre-college professional identity and change in professional identity through the first year of college in a sample of engineering students (N = 295). Results indicated that professional identity prior to entering college and rate of change in professional identity over the first year of study were related to major embeddedness dimensions of fit (i.e., match between oneself and the major), links (i.e., professional connections), and sacrifice (i.e., costs and benefits associated with leaving the major). Rate of change in professional identity was also positively related to persistence in the engineering major the following year. Despite the general utility of professional identity in predicting embeddedness, men and women differed in several important parameter estimates. This research suggests professional identity development is best conceptualized and empirically examined as a dynamic process that occurs over time, contributes to understanding of the factors underlying adjustment and persistence of women and men in STEM career pathways, and emphasizes the importance of fostering pre-college professional identity and professional identity development early in professional programs of study.
Life Expectancy At The US-Mexico Border: Evidence Of Disparities By Place, Race, And Ethnicity

The mortality experience for the cluster of US counties in the US-Mexico border region has not been well described. We calculated 2016-18 life expectancy for the border region (counties within 100 kilometers of the border), making key comparisons to the US overall and to nonborder counties in border states. Life expectancy from birth for the border region was 81.1 years, which was greater than for the US and for the nonborder counties of border states. However, the disparity in life expectancy between racial/ethnic subgroups in the border region was also greater, within a range of more than thirteen years. Although White, Black, and Asian residents of the border region could expect to live significantly longer than residents of the US and nonborder counties of border states, Hispanic and American Indian residents could not. Understanding the mortality experience via life expectancy can help public health professionals and leaders prioritize efforts to ensure that all border residents have an equal opportunity to live a long, healthy life.
Acknowledging Bias and Pursuing Protections to Support Anti-Racist Developmental Science: Critical Contributions of Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory:

American racism is deeply engrained in the nation’s ecology including its chronosystem and contributes to the nation’s unavoidably shared vulnerability. Interrogating an accurate portrayal of the n...
Progressive sub-MIC Exposure of Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 to Cephalothin Induces the Evolution of beta-lactam Resistance without Acquisition of beta-lactamase Genes

Bacterial exposure to antibiotic concentrations below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) may result in a selection window allowing for the rapid evolution of resistance. These sub-MIC concentrations are commonly found in the greater environment. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptive genetic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 after prolonged but increasing sub-MIC levels of the common antibiotic cephalothin over a fourteen-day period. Over the course of the experiment, antibiotic concentrations increased from 0.5 g/mL to 7.5 g/mL. At the end of this extended exposure, the final adapted bacterial culture exhibited clinical resistance to both cephalothin and tetracycline, altered cellular and colony morphology, and a highly mucoid phenotype. Cephalothin resistance exceeded 125 g/mL without the acquisition of beta-lactamase genes. Whole genome sequencing identified a series of genetic changes that could be mapped over the fourteen-day exposure period to the onset of antibiotic resistance. Specifically, mutations in the rpoB subunit of RNA Polymerase, the tetR/acrR regulator, and the wcaJ sugar transferase each fix at specific timepoints in the exposure regimen where the MIC susceptibility dramatically increases. These mutations indicate that alterations in the secretion of colanic acid and attachment of colonic acid to LPS, may contribute to the resistant phenotype. These data demonstrate that very low, sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics can have dramatic impacts on the bacterial evolution of resistance. Additionally, this study demonstrates that beta-lactam resistance can be achieved through sequential accumulation of specific mutations without the acquisition of a beta-lactamase gene. ImportanceBacteria are constantly exposed to low levels of antibiotics in the environment. The impact of this low-level exposure on bacterial evolution is not well understood. In this work, we developed a model to expose Klebsiella pneumoniae to progressive, low doses of the antibiotic cephalothin. After a fourteen-day exposure regimen, our culture exhibited full clinical resistance to this antibiotic without the traditional acquisition of inactivating genes. This culture also exhibited resistance to tetracycline, had a highly mucoid appearance, and exhibited altered, elongated cellular morphology. Whole genome sequencing identified a collection of mutations to the bacterial genome that could be mapped to the emergence of the resistant phenotype. This study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance can be achieved in response to low level antibiotic exposure and without the traditional acquisition of resistance genes. Further, this study identifies new genes that may play a role in the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Debt Overhang, Debt Reduction and Investment: The Case of the Philippines

While there is a substantial body of literature on the effects of "debt overhang" on investment in heavily-indebted countries, there is surprisingly little empirical work available on this subject. This paper tests the hypothesis that the stock of foreign debt acts as a disincentive to private investment in the specific case of the Philippines. The empirical estimates provide support for this hypothesis, particularly after 1982. The estimates indicate that a $1.3 billion debt reduction (such as the one completed through the buyback operation in early 1990) would increase investment demand by something between one half and two percentage points of GNP.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the Kalthoff experiment

We use the finite element code DYNA3D to analyze large thermomechanical deformations of a prenotched plate impacted on the notched side by a cylindrical projectile moving parallel to the axis of the notch. Both the projectile and the plate are assumed to be made of the same thermally softening but strain and strain-rate hardening material. It is found that the maximum speed imparted to points of the plate on the impact surface equals nearly 90% of the projectile speed, and the rise time depends upon the quasistatic yield stress of the material. Whereas deformations on the midsurface of the plate closely resemble a plane strain state of deformation, those on the traction free front and back surfaces are quite different. Thus measurements made on these surfaces may not describe well the deformations occurring in the interior of the plate.
High Dimensional Clustering Using Parallel Coordinates and the Grand Tour

In this paper, we present some graphical techniques for cluster analysis of high-dimensional data. Parallel coordinate plots and parallel coordinate density plots are graphical techniques which map multivariate data into a two-dimensional display. The method has some elegant duality properties with ordinary Cartesian plots so that higher-dimensional mathematical structures can be analyzed. Our high interaction software allows for rapid editing of data to remove outliers and isolate clusters by brushing. Our brushing techniques allow not only for hue adjustment, but also for saturation adjustment. Saturation adjustment allows for the handling of comparatively massive data sets by using the α-channel of the Silicon Graphics workstation to compensate for heavy overplotting.
Random walk and the velocity of money: Some evidence from annual quarterly series

Abstract The random walk hypothesis is tested, using annual data of the United Kingdom, and quarterly data of eight industrialized countries. While annual series follow a random walk, not all quarterly series do. This sharply contrasts with the results of Ahking (1982).
Apollo Unified S-Band System

Apollo unified S-band system covering station locations, uplink and downlink spectrums, spacecraft gross parameters, theory of operation, etc
Measurement of Communication Rates on the Cray T3D Interprocessor Network

We measure communication rates for the Cray T3D interprocessor network. First we design experiments with no contention on the network to establish the achievable fraction of the peak hardware rate. Then we increase the contention with a sequence of experiments designed to measure the robustness of the network. We analyze the results in terms of the Hockney parameters, r∞ and n1/2.
Error Analysis of Two Types of Grammar for the Purpose of Automatic Rule Refinement

This paper compares a manually written MT grammar and a grammar learned automatically from an English-Spanish elicitation corpus with the ultimate purpose of automatically refining the translation rules. The experiment described here shows that the kind of automatic refinement operations required to correct a translation not only varies depending on the type of error, but also on the type of grammar. This paper describes the two types of grammars and gives a detailed error analysis of their output, indicating what kinds of refinements are required in each case.
Leakage, breakdown, and TDDB characteristics of porous low-k silica-based interconnect dielectrics

The reliability physics of low-k interconnect dielectrics is of great interest. Leakage, breakdown and TDDB data are presented for fluorinated silica, porous carbon-doped silica, and very porous carbon-doped silica. The breakdown and TDDB performance of the dielectrics are observed to degrade with the degree of porosity but the failure kinetics (field acceleration parameter and activation energy) seem to rather insensitive to porosity. A percolation model has been developed whereby the pores are treated as defects. The percolation model seems to describe well the observed breakdown and TDDB behavior.
Atom vacancies and their effects on the properties of nbn containing Carbon, Oxygen or Boron—II: Superconducting transition temperature

Abstract The formation of vacancies in the niobium sublattice is found to coincide with the maximum superconducting transition temperature in the NbN-NbC system. The relationships between T c the electron concentration and the vacancy content of both sublattices are explored. Oxygen, when added to NbN, increases the metal vacancy concentration and causes a decrease in T c . Boron raises T c by decreasing the nonmetal vacancy content without changing the metal vacancy content. If the metal and nitrogen vacancies in ZrN are random, as all past work suggests, the T c of this material is much higher than that found at equivalent compositions of NbN. A model is developed which attempts to show the relationship between the ionic and covalent components of the bond between the metal and nonmetal sublattices and the influence each has on the superconducting transition temperature.
Imaging biofilm architecture within porous media using synchrotron-based X-ray computed microtomography

[1] A new method to resolve biofilms in three dimensions in porous media using high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) has been developed. Imaging biofilms in porous media without disturbing the natural spatial arrangement of the porous medium and associated biofilm has been a challenging task, primarily because porous media generally preclude conventional imaging via optical microscopy; X-ray tomography offers a potential alternative. Using silver-coated microspheres for contrast, we were able to differentiate between the biomass and fluid-filled pore spaces. The method was validated using a two-dimensional micromodel flow cell where both light microscopy and CMT imaging were used to image the biofilm.
Interaction of Native and Mutant MecI Repressors with Sequences That Regulate mecA, the Gene Encoding Penicillin Binding Protein 2a in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci

Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by PBP2a, a penicillin binding protein with low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. The gene encoding PBP2a, mecA, is transcriptionally regulated in some clinical isolates by mecR1 and mecI, genes divergently transcribed from mecA that encode a signal transducer and repressor, respectively. The biochemical basis of MecI-mediated mecA transcriptional repression was investigated by using purified MecI. In DNase I protection studies, MecI protected a 30-bp palindrome encompassing the predicted mecA -10 and the mecR1 -35 promoter sequences. The larger palindrome contained 15 bp of dyad symmetry within which was a smaller 6-bp palindrome. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays established a requirement for the entire 15-bp half-site for initial repressor binding. Fragments containing the 30-bp palindrome and the entire mecA-mecR1 intergenic region were retarded in gels as multiple discrete bands varying in molecular size, characteristic of cooperative DNA binding. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking confirmed oligomerization of repressor in solution. A naturally occurring MecI mutant (MecI*; D39G) repressed mecA transcription sixfold less well than the wild type in vivo. Although MecI* protected the same target sequences and exhibited similar gel shift patterns to MecI, 5- to 10-fold more protein was required. MecI* exhibited defective oligomerization in solution, suggesting that the MecI amino terminus is important in protein-protein interactions and that protein oligomerization is necessary for optimum repression.
Photodynamic therapy as an effective therapeutic approach in MAME models of inflammatory breast cancer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, FDA-approved therapy for treatment of endobronchial and esophageal cancers that are accessible to light. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic form of breast cancer that spreads to dermal lymphatics, a site that would be accessible to light. IBC patients have a relatively poor survival rate due to lack of targeted therapies. The use of PDT is underexplored for breast cancers but has been proposed for treatment of subtypes for which a targeted therapy is unavailable. We optimized and used a 3D mammary architecture and microenvironment engineering (MAME) model of IBC to examine the effects of PDT using two treatment protocols. The first protocol used benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid A (BPD) activated at doses ranging from 45 to 540 mJ/cm2. The second PDT protocol used two photosensitizers: mono-l-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) and BPD that were sequentially activated. Photokilling by PDT was assessed by live–dead assays. Using a MAME model of IBC, we have shown a significant dose–response in photokilling by BPD–PDT. Sequential activation of NPe6 followed by BPD is more effective in photokilling of tumor cells than BPD alone. Sequential activation at light doses of 45 mJ/cm2 for each agent resulted in >90 % cell death, a response only achieved by BPD–PDT at a dose of 360 mJ/cm2. Our data also show that effects of PDT on a volumetric measurement of 3D MAME structures reflect efficacy of PDT treatment. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential of PDT for treating IBC.
High frequency local modes, superconductivity and anomalous isotope effect in PdH(D) systems

The possible mechanisms of enhanced superconductivity in PdH(D) systems are discussed. It is concluded that quenching of paramagnons due to reduced coulomb pseudopotentialalone cannot account for the highTc observed in these systems. Possible participation of the high frequency optic phonon band in BCS-type interaction could lead to a highTc and an opposite isotope effect in these systems. The possibility of the occurrence of some high-q soft modes due to large lattice expansion in these systems to yieldTc∼9 K requires about 2-fold softing of the effective Pd-Pd force constant in PdH compared to that in metallic Pd.
Role of Subsurface Physics in the Assimilation of Surface Soil Moisture Observations

Root zone soil moisture controls the land-atmosphere exchange of water and energy and exhibits memory that may be useful for climate prediction at monthly scales. Assimilation of satellite-based surface soil moisture observations into a land surface model is an effective way to estimate large-scale root zone soil moisture. The propagation of surface information into deeper soil layers depends on the model-specific representation of subsurface physics that is used in the assimilation system. In a suite of experiments we assimilate synthetic surface soil moisture observations into four different models (Catchment, Mosaic, Noah and CLM) using the Ensemble Kalman Filter. We demonstrate that identical twin experiments significantly overestimate the information that can be obtained from the assimilation of surface soil moisture observations. The second key result indicates that the potential of surface soil moisture assimilation to improve root zone information is higher when the surface to root zone coupling is stronger. Our experiments also suggest that (faced with unknown true subsurface physics) overestimating surface to root zone coupling in the assimilation system provides more robust skill improvements in the root zone compared with underestimating the coupling. When CLM is excluded from the analysis, the skill improvements from using models with different vertical coupling strengths are comparable for different subsurface truths. Finally, the skill improvements through assimilation were found to be sensitive to the regional climate and soil types.
Potentiated striatal dopamine release leads to hyperdopaminergia in female brain-derived neurotrophic factor heterozygous mice.

The risk of developing neurologic diseases and disorders differs between men and women. For example, men are approximately 1.5 times more likely than women to develop Parkinson’s disease, which is characterized by dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in the striatum.1 Furthermore, women are twice as likely to develop depressive disorders compared to men.2 To better understand sex differences in these neurologic conditions, research has focused on the molecules implicated in these conditions, such as the neurotransmitters DA and serotonin, as well as the neurotrophic factors involved in the growth, differentiation, plasticity, and protection of neurons, like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).3−5 To better understand sex differences in disease risk and progression, gonadal hormones such as estrogen and testosterone have also been investigated. In ovariectomized rats, a physiologic dose of estrogen increases striatal extracellular DA concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity.6 Furthermore, estrogen stimulates similar downstream second messengers, ERK1 and ERK2, in a manner analogous to BDNF in cortical explant cultures.7 Additionally, female rats show increased depression vulnerability relative to their male counterparts when their BDNF levels are at their lowest, which correlates with their maximum estrogen levels.8−10 Sex differences are also observed in neurologic disorders such as addiction, with women and men responding differently to drugs of abuse. For example, in clinical studies, women are more likely to start using illicit drugs sooner and in greater quantities than men,11,12 whereas men are more likely to die from an overdose than women.13 In animal models, males are more susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH) than females, as shown by reduced striatal DA and DA transporter (DAT) binding.14−16 These observations in animal and clinical studies, along with others using METH and incorporating estrogen and testosterone, have suggested that females may be protected from the harmful effects of drugs because of their naturally higher of estrogen levels.15,17,18 Numerous studies have elucidated the importance of BDNF in maintaining the function and survival of striatal DA neurons.19−22 To better understand the endogenous role of BDNF throughout the brain and body, we used genetically modified heterozygous (BDNF+/–) mice developed by Ernfors and colleagues.23 Male BDNF+/– mice have increased extracellular and intracellular DA levels compared to their male wildtype littermates,21,24,25 which are not associated with alterations in DAT. The objective of this study was to determine if these striatal DA alterations are present in female BDNF+/– mice. Using the complementary techniques of in vivo microdialysis and slice fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), we investigated DA dynamics in female wildtype and BDNF+/– mice.
Analysis of fullerenes by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Chromatographic separation of fullerenes was achieved with a conventional reversed-phase analytical system. A tetrahydrofuran—acetonitrile mobile phase (60:40) (1.0 ml/min) used with a 25 cm ODS column separates C60 and C70 with a resolution of 6.4 and an analysis time of 11.4 min. This method is convenient and offers sufficient resolving power to be applied to the analysis of a variety of fullerenes and fullerene reaction product mixtures. The mobile phase allows use of the sensitive ultraviolet absorbance bands of fullerenes in detection. The method is compared with other reversed-phase methods for analysis of fullerene mixtures.
Two-dimensional electrochromatography/capillary electrophoresis on a microchip.

A two-dimensional separation system on a microfabricated device was demonstrated using open-channel electrochromatography as the first dimension and capillary electrophoresis as the second dimension. The first dimension was operated under isocratic conditions, and the effluent from the first dimension was repetitively injected into the second dimension every few seconds. A 25-cm separation channel with spiral geometry for open-channel electrochromatography was chemically modified with octadecylsilane and coupled to a 1.2-cm straight separation channel for capillary electrophoresis. Fluorescently labeled products from tryptic digests of β-casein were analyzed in 13 min with this system.
Erratum to: Weight Change and Functional Limitations Among Older Adults in North Carolina

Erratum to: J Community HealthDOI 10.1007/s10900-010-9245-6This is how the following lines should read in the article:Line A4. Delete resolv_inc@hotmail.comLine 31: change weaker to weakLine 35: add to the end of the sentence ending in NorthCarolina: ‘‘…, although only the weight loss associationpersisted after adjustment for health conditions.’’ Thesentence should then read ‘‘In summary, weight gain andweight loss between middle and older adulthood wereassociated with severe functional limitations among olderadults in North Carolina, although only the weight lossassociation persisted after adjustment for healthconditions.’’At line 127, I think it should be ‘‘task’’ instead of‘‘tasks’’.Line 154: change referent group to referenceLine 154: change dummy to indicatorLine 156: change referent to reference groupLine 194: change weaker to weakAt lines 188 and 189, I think the order of the prevalenceratios should be switched so it matches the order thatweight gain and weight loss are listed. So line 188 and 189should read, ‘‘(PR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.36 and PR =1.58, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.78)’’Line 288–290: add to the end of ending in functionallimitations: ‘‘…, although these associations were attenu-ated after adjusting for health conditions.’’ The sentenceshould then read: ‘‘In summary, weight gain and weightloss from middle-age to older adulthood among olderadults in North Carolina were associated with severefunctional limitations, although these associations wereattenuated after adjusting for health conditions.’’In Table 1’s title, ‘‘race’’ should be removed
Sublimated decoupling of the vortex lattice in extreme type-II layered superconductors

The question of whether layer decoupling and vortex-lattice melting occur separately or not in the mixed phase of pristine layered superconductors in the extreme type-II limit is studied through a partial duality analysis of the layered XY model with uniform frustration. We find that both transitions occur simultaneously if the normal/superconducting transition of the vortex lattice in an isolated layer is first order and if a sufficient degree of layer anisotropy exists. We also find that a crossover to a highly entangled vortex lattice phase with relatively low phase rigidity across layers does not occur in practice under any circumstances at temperatures below the two-dimensional vortex-lattice melting transition.
Integrating Interventions and Services Research: Progress and Prospects

Although interventions and services research paradigms have distinct historical roots and methodologic traditions, both aim to improve mental health services for adults and youth. This article introduces a series of articles that represent examples of innovative and integrative (i.e., integration of services and interventions research) research efforts. This work involves an integration of the interventions and services research paradigms to address the difficult questions related to improving mental health services in diverse settings. Each of the four articles takes a distinctly different path in bringing together the interventions and services research traditions, with foci ranging from (a) using psychotherapy measurement tools to assess the content of usual care practice in collaboration with providers, (b) adapting randomized clinical trial design to fit nonmental healthcare settings while addressing relevant outcomes, (c) understanding and incorporating patient preferences into treatment research, and (d) identifying organization-level variables relevant to interventions development and implementation. In the introductory article, we provide a brief precis concerning the interventions and services research traditions, highlight how each of the four articles illustrates an innovative integration of interventions and services research, and discuss additional future directions beyond the work introduced in this series.
Über die Beanspruchung exzentrischer Wellen

Die Frage der Beanspruchung exzentrischer Wellen bereitet erfahrungsgemas Schwierigkeiten. Bestehen nicht selten schon hinsichtlich der Art und Weise der Ubertragung des Drehmoments Unklarheiten, so kann noch ein groser Fchler dadurch begangen werden, das der Einflus der Formanderung jener Bauteile nicht berucksichtigt wird, in welche die Welle zwecks Einleitung des auseren Drchmomentes eingespannt ist. Nur fur den Fall vollkommen starrer Einspannungsglieder und spielfreier Lager last sich die Beanspruchung eindeutig angeben, woruber nachstchend Berechnungsgrundlagen abgeleitet werden.
The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri with or without a homolactic bacterium on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages made at different locations

Abstract Whole-plant corn (31 to 39% dry matter) from several locations was chopped, treated with nothing (U), Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4×10 5 cfu/g; LB), or L. buchneri (4×10 5 cfu/g) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (1×10 5 cfu/g; LBPP), and packed into quadruplicate 20-L silos to determine their effects on silage fermentation and aerobic stability after 120 d of storage. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with main effects of treatment (T), block (location; L), and T × L interaction. Dry matter recovery was different among locations but unaffected by T. The population of lactic acid bacteria was greater in LB and LBPP than in U, and the opposite was true regarding the population of yeasts. Numbers of L. buchneri (colony-forming unit equivalents), determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were higher in 4 of 5 locations for LB and LBPP compared with U (T × L interaction) with an average 6.70 log cfu/g for LB and LBPP versus 4.87 log cfu/g for U. Silages inoculated with LB and LBPP had higher silage pH and higher concentrations of acetic acid and 1,2 propanediol but lower concentrations of ethanol and water-soluble carbohydrates; there was a T × L interaction for all these variables. Aerobic stability was improved by LB and LBPP (mean of 136h) compared with U (44h), but there was an interaction between T × L. In general, locations with the highest population of L. buchneri had the largest increases in acetic acid and, consequently, the greatest improvements in aerobic stability. The addition of L. buchneri 40788 alone or with P. pentosaceus resulted in similar effects on silage fermentation and aerobic stability, but the effects were variable among locations, suggesting that unidentified factors; for example, in the field or on the forage crop, may alter the effectiveness of microbial inoculation.
Technical considerations in knot construction. Part I. Continuous percutaneous and dermal suture closure

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine the security of the square knot tied with one looped end and one free end versus the security of the square knot tied with two free ends. Size 4/0 and size 6/0 monofilament nylon, polypropylene, and Biosyn ™ sutures were selected for this evaluation. The mechanical performance of these sutures was judged according to knot breakage force and number of throws required to attain security. Knots with one looped end and one free end require more throws to ensure knot security than do knots constructed from two single suture strands of comparable sizes and types of sutures.
Redox control of caspases

Caspases are critical mediators of apoptotic cell death. All members of the caspase family contain the sequence QACXG which contains the active site cysteine. The putative active site of caspase 3 contains a cysteine residue that is subject to redox control. Both thioredoxin and glutathione have been shown to be required for caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis. The regulation of inducible caspase 3 activity by oxidation-reduction (redox) dependent mechanisms is reviewed. Up until a few years ago, reactive oxygen species (ROS) research mostly focussed on oxidative damage and ROS were thought to be a key trigger for cell death. This view has been refined, leading to the understanding that the biological function of ROS is determined by numerous variables such as concentration, chemical type and cellular localization. For example, ROS and reactive nitrogen species may intercept inducible cell death under certain circumstances via the redox regulation of inducible caspase activity and/or by depleting cellular energy stores. Likewise, death of unwanted diseased or degenerative cells may be facilitated by pharmacologically enhancing the thiol status of such cells using redox-active α-lipoic acid.
Spectroscopic absorptance measurements of OH in high-intensity continuous hydrogen/air and methane/air combustion☆

Abstract Absorptance measurements of selected resolved spectral lines in the OH 2 Σ + − 2 Π (0, 0) band near 3100 A have been used to compute ground electronic state hydroxyl radical concentrations and rotational temperatures for the high-intensity continuous combustion of hydrogen/air and methane/air mixtures in a jet-stirred reactor. For mass throughput rates between 2 and 3 x 10−2 gm/cm3 sec and fuel/air equivalence ratios, Φfuel/air, varying from 0.57 to 1.32, maximum (OH) of 1 to 2 x 1016 cm−3 occurred near Φfuel/air = 0.85 Ground-state rotational temperatures were slightly greater than gas kinetic temperatures determined from thermocouple measurements uncorrected for heat losses. An estimate of the vibrational temperature implied that the ground electronic state vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom were also in equilibrium. Values deduced for the collisional broadening parameter, a, agreed favorably with previous results.
A global synthesis of seven urban environmental profiles

Abstract This article reviews the substantive results from the urban environmental profiles that have appeared in this and past issues of Cities and also draws on data collected from urban environmental questionnaires and consultations held in the cities. Comparisons are made and tentative conclusions are drawn concerning: (1) the status of the environment in the urban region; (2) the interaction between urban development and the environment; and (3) the institutional setting for environmental management. This structure follows the organization of the environmental profiles themselves. The article concludes with a summary of the factors that affect the urban environment along with relevant options for improved management.
Phosphorus Availability and Early Corn Growth Response in Soil Amended with Turkey Manure Ash

Incinerating turkey manure is a new option in the USA to generate renewable energy and to eliminate environmental problems associated with manure stockpiling. Incineration produces turkey manure ash (TMA) with a nutrient content of 43 g phosphorus (P) kg−1 and 100 g potassium (K) kg−1. We conducted a greenhouse pot study using a low P (6 mg kg−1) and high K (121 mg kg−1) soil/sand mixture with a 7.0 pH to evaluate early growth response of corn (Zea mays L.) to TMA. A control and five rates based on P (5.6, 10.9, 16.5, 21.9, and 27.2 mg kg−1) and respective K contents in TMA were compared with triple-superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer. Plant height and stalk thickness at 24 and 31 days after emergence (DAE) were greatest with the fertilizer, but no differences were detected at the final sampling (52 DAE). Regardless of nutrient source, plant biomass increased with P rate. Because of faster initial plant development, corn dry matter 52 DAE was 15 to 20% greater with fertilizer than with TMA. C...
Meta-analysis: hoarding symptoms associated with poor treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

DSM-5 recognizes hoarding disorder as distinct from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), codifying a new consensus. Hoarding disorder was previously classified as a symptom of OCD and patients received treatments designed for OCD. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether OCD patients with hoarding symptoms responded differently to traditional OCD treatments compared with OCD patients without hoarding symptoms. An electronic search was conducted for eligible studies in PubMed. A trial was eligible for inclusion if it (1) was a randomized controlled trial, cohort or case–control study; (2) compared treatment response between OCD patients with and those without hoarding symptoms, or examined response to treatment between OCD symptom dimensions (which typically include hoarding) and (3) examined treatment response to pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy or their combination. Our primary outcome was differential treatment response between OCD patients with and those without hoarding symptoms, expressed as an odds ratio (OR). Twenty-one studies involving 3039 total participants including 304 with hoarding symptoms were included. Patients with OCD and hoarding symptoms were significantly less likely to respond to traditional OCD treatments than OCD patients without hoarding symptoms (OR=0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.42–0.60), z=−7.5, P<0.0001). This finding was consistent across treatment modalities. OCD patients with hoarding symptoms represent a population in need of further treatment research. OCD patients with hoarding symptoms may benefit more from interventions specifically targeting their hoarding symptoms.
Adjoint transient sensitivity computation in piecewise linear simulation

This paper presents a general method for computing transient sensitivities using the adjoint method in event driven simulation algorithms that employ piecewise linear device models. Sensitivity information provides first order assessment of circuit variability with respect to design variables and parasitics. This information is particularly useful for noise stability analysis, timing rule generation, and circuit optimization. Techniques for incorporating adjoint transient sensitivity into ACES, a general piecewise linear simulator, are presented. Sensitivity computation includes algorithms to handle instantaneous charge redistribution due to the discontinuous conductance models of the piecewise linear elements, and the loss of simulation accuracy due to the non-monotonous responses in autonomous adjoint circuits with non-zero initial conditions. Results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed techniques.
Aflatoxins B1 and M1: Tissue residues and feed withdrawal profiles in young growing pigs

Abstract Distribution and clearance profiles of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and its metabolite aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) were investigated in young growing pigs given AFB 1 orally for 3 wk and then killed after varying withdrawal periods. Levels of 34, 341, 866 and 1253 ng AFB 1 /g diet were fed and two pigs were killed from each group at 0, 1, 2 and 4 days after the experimental rations were withdrawn. Liver, kidney and muscle tissues were collected for analysis. The highest concentrations of the toxin were found in the kidney, as the AFM 1 metabolite. At zero withdrawal time, AFB 1 and AFM 1 were present in the liver and kidney of the groups fed 866 or 1253 ng/g. One of two pigs fed the 1253-ng/g diet retained AFM 1 residues in the kidney 2 days after withdrawal of the test diet. No AFB 1 residues were detected in any tissues 1 day after withdrawal. No residues were detected in any tissues 4 days after withdrawal or in the muscle tissues examined at any time.
Calcineurin A-β is required for hypertrophy but not matrix expansion in the diabetic kidney

Calcineurin is an important signalling protein that regulates a number of molecular and cellular processes. Previously, we found that inhibition of calcineurin with cyclosporine reduced renal hypertrophy and blocked glomerular matrix expansion in the diabetic kidney. Isoforms of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin are reported to have tissue specific expression and functions. In particular, the β isoform has been implicated in cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, we examined the role of calcineurin β in diabetic renal hypertrophy and glomerular matrix expansion. Type I diabetes was induced in wild-type and β−/− mice and then renal function, extracellular matrix expansion and hypertrophy were evaluated. The absence of β produced a significant decrease in total calcineurin activity in the inner medulla (IM) and reduced nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) activity. Loss of β did not alter diabetic renal dysfunction assessed by glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin excretion and blood urea nitrogen. Similarly, matrix expansion in the whole kidney and glomerulus was not different between diabetic wild-type and β−/− mice. In contrast, whole kidney and glomerular hypertrophy were significantly reduced in diabetic β−/− mice. Moreover, β−/− renal fibroblasts demonstrated impaired phosphorylation of Erk1/Erk2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) following stimulation with transforming growth factor-β and did not undergo hypertrophy with 48 hrs culture in high glucose. In conclusion, loss of the β isoform of calcineurin is sufficient to reproduce beneficial aspects of cyclosporine on diabetic renal hypertrophy but not matrix expansion. Therefore, while multiple signals appear to regulate matrix, calcineurin β appears to be a central mechanism involved in organ hypertrophy.
Coping with shrinkage in Germany and the United States: A cross-cultural comparative approach toward sustainable cities

Although existing research tends to focus on the causes of shrinkage and on specific best practice strategies to overcome it, our project suspends this view by exploring how planners and administrators throughout all government levels generally go about developing ‘new visions’ for shrinking cities. The article involves a phenomenological analysis of cases and approaches to shrinkage within the cities of Magdeburg (Germany) and Cleveland (USA). The findings point to four conceptual constraints that shape how the shrinking city is re-imagined: connotations of shrinking, actors involved, strategic focus (project or comprehensive level), and tools and techniques. Due to the structure of the system, American cities are often left with having to re-imagine themselves as growing places because they are competing regionally, nationally and internationally for project funding. German cities were found to have a similar goal but in terms of being competitive as a region and state.