cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tau interacts with src-family non-receptor tyrosine kinases

Tau and other microtubule-associated proteins promote the assembly and stabilization of neuronal microtubules. While each microtubule-associated protein has distinct properties, their in vivo roles remain largely unknown. Tau is important in neurite outgrowth and axonal development. Recently, we showed that the amino-terminal region of tau, which is not involved in microtubule interactions, is important in NGF induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Here we report that a proline rich sequence in the amino terminus of tau interacts with the SH3 domains of fyn and src non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Tau and fyn were co-immunoprecipitated from human neuroblastoma cells and co-localization of tau and fyn was visualized in co-transfected NIH3T3 cells. Co-transfection of tau and fyn also resulted in an alteration in NIH3T3 cell morphology, consistent with an in vivo interaction. Fyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of tau occurred in transfected cells and tyrosine phosphorylated tau was identified in human neuroblastoma cells as well. Our data suggest that tau is involved in signal transduction pathways. An interaction between tau and fyn may serve as a mechanism by which extracellular signals influence the spatial distribution of microtubules. The tyrosine phosphorylation of tau by fyn may also have a role in neuropathogenesis, as fyn is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease.
Treasured possessions and their meanings in adolescent males and females.

Although studies have found that treasured possessions function in developmentally significant ways for infants and young children, little research has focused on their meanings and functions during later life stages. The present study analyzes treasured possessions and their meanings in adolescence, including their relation to those treasured during early life. Subjects were 249 14- to 18-year-old high school students (119 males, 130 females) who completed a questionnaire. Results showed that males' most treasured possessions (i.e., motor vehicles, sports equipment, and music) embodied enjoyment and instrumental meanings, whereas females' treasured objects (i.e., jewelry, stuffed animals, motor vehicles) embodied primarily interpersonal meanings. Comparisons of early childhood vs. adolescent treasured objects showed that the kinds of objects treasured changed with age, and that instrumental qualities of objects became more important with age. Thus, clinical claims that adolescents' treasured objects function in ways similar to that of early childhood were not supported. Active use of early treasured objects declined with age, although these objects continued to be psychologically important, especially for adolescent females. It is proposed that during adolescence, treasured objects mirror age- and gender-related aspects of the adolescent self, and simultaneously contribute to the development of self-identity.
Skin cancer screening.

Background. Skin cancer is the most common malignancy occurring in humans, affecting 1 in 5 Americans at some time during their lives. Early detection of cancerous lesions is important for reducing morbidity and mortality. Case Description. The patient was a 79-year-old woman who was receiving physical therapy for cervical stenosis. The physical therapist identified a mole with suspicious characteristics, using the ABCD checklist for skin cancer screening. The patient was referred to her primary care physician, and the lesion was removed and identified as basal cell carcinoma. Outcomes. Early detection of this lesion allowed for complete excision, with no further treatment of the area warranted. Discussion. Physical therapists can aid in detection of suspect lesions with knowledge of the basic screening techniques for skin cancer, which may help reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by these lesions.
Obtrusiveness as Strategy in Ethnographic Research

Unlocking the Iron Cage, Michael Schwalbe's 1996 ethnography of the men's movement, is in many ways a classic ethnographic account, involving almost three years of intensive participant-observation. But the study is innovative—and even daring—in its strategies for establishing textual authority. Schwalbe's claims rest primarily on his status as a movement insider and full participant. Yet the credibility this provides also raises questions about Schwalbe's ability to provide a critical analytic account of the movement. Can he be an objective observer of a group in which he is also a fully immersed participant? Schwalbe is innovative in his willingness to exploit, rather than simply minimize, the tension between participation and observation. While in most of the book Schwalbe follows conventional ethnographic practice by trying to minimize his obtrusiveness as a research presence, at several key moments in the study he emerges to provoke critical debate among the men. Without these passages, Schwalbe's empirical claims would lose some of their most convincing sources of support. While researcher obtrusiveness is usually considered a methodological flaw in ethnography, Schwalbe's work manages to turn it into an asset, enhancing both his data-gathering and his credibility as a critical authority. In the process, he creates a distinctive and compelling methodological style.
Insulin causes renal dopamine D1 receptor desensitization via GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C.

The renal dopamine system plays an important role in sodium homeostasis and a defect in dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) function is present in hypertension, diabetes, and aging. Our previous studies in ...
Triangular prisms for edge-based vector finite element analysis of conformal antennas

This paper deals with the derivation of the edge-based shape functions for the distorted triangular prism and their applications for the analysis of doubly curved conformal antennas in the context of the finite element method (FEM). Although the tetrahedron is often the element of choice for volume tessellation, mesh generation using tetrahedra is cumbersome and the central processing unit (CPU) intensive. On the other hand, the distorted triangular prism allows for meshes which are unstructured in two dimensions and structured in the third dimension. This leads to substantial simplifications in the meshing algorithm, and many conformal printed antenna and microwave circuit geometries can be easily tessellated using such a mesh. The new edge-based shape functions are first validated by computing the eigenvalues of three different cavities (rectangular, cylindrical, and pie-shell). We then proceed with their application to computing the input impedance of conformal patch antennas on planar, spherical, conical, and other doubly curved (ogival) platforms, where the FEM mesh is terminated using an artificial absorber applied conformal to the platform. Use of artificial absorbers for mesh termination avoids introduction of Green's functions and, in contrast to absorbing boundary conditions, a knowledge of the principal radii of curvature of the closure's boundary is not required.
Magnesium‐dependent processes are targets of bacterial manganese toxicity

A Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutant defective in the gene encoding the high-affinity Mn(2+) transporter MntH has a severe growth phenotype under manganese limitation. Here, we isolated suppressor mutants of an mntH strain that grew under manganese limitation, and activities of high-affinity Mn(2+) transport and Mn(2+) -dependent enzymes were partially rescued. The suppressor strains harbour gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the Mg(2+) channel MgtE. The MgtE variants likely allow Mn(2+) entry via loss of a gating mechanism that normally holds the transporter in the closed state when cellular Mg(2+) levels are high. Both MgtE-dependent and MgtE-independent suppressor phenotypes were recapitulated by magnesium-limited growth of the mntH strain. Growth studies of wild-type cells suggest that manganese is toxic to cells when environmental magnesium is low. Moreover, extracellular manganese and magnesium levels were manipulated to inhibit growth without substantially altering the intracellular content of either metal, implying that manganese toxicity depends on its cellular distribution rather than the absolute concentration. Mg(2+) -dependent enzyme activities were found to be inhibited or stimulated by Mn(2+) . We conclude that Mn(2+) can occupy Mg(2+) binding sites in cells, and suggest that Mg(2+) -dependent processes are targets of manganese toxicity.
Getting health workers to rural areas : innovative analytic work to inform policy making

Decision makers face serious challenges in attracting health workers to rural areas, in both the developed and developing world, but while they have access to a wide range of policy options, the effectiveness of interventions is highly contingent on context. To make them more effective, decision makers need to have an in-depth understanding of, especially, the factors that influence individual workers decisions on choice of practice, particularly regarding relocation to rural areas. The current paper presents results of an empirical study conducted in Liberia and Vietnam using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The study's aim was to predict the likelihood of health workers taking up a rural area job under alternative incentive schemes. This study is the first DCE analysis to then go the extra step of costing out the alternative packages. The analysis revealed quite different results for the two countries. The most powerful single incentive in motivating workers to practice in rural areas was increased pay in Liberia, and long-term education in Vietnam. The cost-effectiveness of incentives also varies by country. In Liberia, monetary incentives were by the most cost effective while in Vietnam it was opportunities for skills development. While the study methodology needs further enhancement, especially costing of incentive packages, the work shows that a DCE analysis can be a powerful tool in informing the design of rural area incentive schemes in developing countries.
Exploring geochemical controls on weathering and erosion of convex hillslopes: beyond the empirical regolith production function

Landscape curvature evolves in response to physical, chemical, and biological influences that cannot yet be quantified in models. Nonetheless, the simplest models predict the existence of equilibrium hillslope profiles. Here, we develop a model describing steady-state regolith production caused by mineral dissolution on hillslopes which have attained an equilibrium parabolic profile. When the hillslope lowers at a constant rate, the rate of chemical weathering is highest at the ridgetop where curvature is highest and the ridge develops the thickest regolith. This result derives from inclusion of all the terms in the mathematical definition of curvature. Including these terms shows that the curvature of a parabolic hillslope profile varies with distance from the ridge. The hillslope model (meter-scale) is similar to models of weathering rind formation (centimeter-scale) where curvature-driven solute transport causes development of the thickest rinds at highly curved clast corners. At the clast scale, models fit observations. Here, we similarly explore model predictions of the effect of curvature at the hillslope scale. The hillslope model shows that when erosion rates are small and vertical porefluid infiltration is moderate, the hill weathers at both ridge and valley in the erosive transport-limited regime. For this regime, the reacting mineral is weathered away before it reaches the land surface: in other words, the model predicts completely developed element-depth profiles at both ridge and valley. In contrast, when the erosion rate increases or porefluid velocity decreases, denudation occurs in the weathering-limited regime. In this regime, the reacting mineral does not weather away before it reaches the land surface and simulations predict incompletely developed profiles at both ridge and valley. These predictions are broadly consistent with observations of completely developed element-depth profiles along hillslopes denuding under erosive transport-limitation but incompletely developed profiles along hillslopes denuding under weathering limitation in some field settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of cracks in three-dimensional bodies by many boundary measurements

Let be a three-dimensional body with an interior two-dimensional crack . It will be shown that the location and size of the crack is uniquely determined by measurements on the boundary of . Moreover, the physical behaviour of the crack will be identified. Our model is the following. Inside the body, with the exception of the crack, we assume a harmonic potential. A current flux will be implemented on and we measure the voltage potential there.
Effects of Manure Use and Use Restrictions on Variable Production Costs and Net Incomes for United States Corn Producers

We utilize a treatment effects model to examine if there are differences in costs/profits for manure-using corn producers versus non-users. We find that manure users have lower peracre operating costs via reductions in fertilizer and soil conditioner costs; however, the use of manure reduces grain yields and ultimately leads to no difference in profit. Separate results indicate that manure-use restrictions do not affect costs or profits; thus policies could be in place to regulate manure usage without impacting the costs/profit structure of the farm.
Genome organization and characteristics of soybean microRNAs

microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play important roles in many aspects of plant biology. The role(s) of miRNAs in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants such as soybean is not well understood. We examined a library of small RNAs from Bradyrhizobium japonicum-inoculated soybean roots and identified novel miRNAs. In order to enhance our understanding of miRNA evolution, diversification and function, we classified all known soybean miRNAs based on their phylogenetic conservation (conserved, legume- and soybean-specific miRNAs) and examined their genome organization, family characteristics and target diversity. We predicted targets of these miRNAs and experimentally validated several of them. We also examined organ-specific expression of selected miRNAs and their targets. We identified 120 previously unknown miRNA genes from soybean including 5 novel miRNA families. In the soybean genome, genes encoding miRNAs are primarily intergenic and a small percentage were intragenic or less than 1000 bp from a protein-coding gene, suggesting potential co-regulation between the miRNA and its parent gene. Difference in number and orientation of tandemly duplicated miRNA genes between orthologous genomic loci indicated continuous evolution and diversification. Conserved miRNA families are often larger in size and produce less diverse mature miRNAs than legume- and soybean-specific families. In addition, the majority of conserved and legume-specific miRNA families produce 21 nt long mature miRNAs with distinct nucleotide distribution and regulate a more conserved set of target mRNAs compared to soybean-specific families. A set of nodule-specific target mRNAs and their cognate regulatory miRNAs had inverse expression between root and nodule tissues suggesting that spatial restriction of target gene transcripts by miRNAs might govern nodule-specific gene expression in soybean. Genome organization of soybean miRNAs suggests that they are actively evolving. Distinct family characteristics of soybean miRNAs suggest continuous diversification of function. Inverse organ-specific expression between selected miRNAs and their targets in the roots and nodules, suggested a potential role for these miRNAs in regulating nodule development.
Relationship of the upright agonistic posture in the foot shock situation to dominance-submission in male c57bl/6 mice.

The agonistic behavior of male C57BL/6 mice was observed in shock and nonshock round-robins. It was found that there was a positive relationship between dominance rank of the participants and frequency of upright reactions in the foot-shock situation. These results suggested that the upright reaction observed in the foot-shock situation be identified not as an attack behavior as is typically done, but rather as an ambivalent, threat, or defense behavior.
Complex‐parameter kelvin model for elastic foundations

A new rigorous approach in modelling mechanical behaviour is developed. The dynamic response of a rigid disc resting on an elastic half-space is approximated by a macroscopic force-displacement relationship, where not only the coefficients but also the order of time derivatives are complex valued. It is shown that complex-parameter constitutive models are not simply an elegant alternative in modelling mechanical behaviour, but are the outcome of rigorous non-linear regression analysis on complex-valued functions, like the dynamic stillness of dissipative systems. Complexparameter constitutive models are very attractive since a minimum number of parameters is required to obtain a satisfactory fit of the «exact» response. A two-parameter generalized Kelvin model reproduces closely the «exact» dynamic stiffness of the disc for all three vertical, horizontal and rocking modes studied herein
Pain thresholds are not elevated in trichotillomania

The current study investigates whether trichotillomania is characterized by a general hypoalgesia, which might allow for continued pulling hair due to the lack of aversive consequences and attention directing qualities of pain
Phase I Active Immunotherapy With Combination of Two Chimeric, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, B-Cell Epitopes Fused to a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope in Patients With Metastatic and/or Recurrent Solid Tumors

Purpose To evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety profile, and immunogenicity of two chimeric, B-cell epitopes derived from the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) extracellular domain in a combination vaccine with a promiscuous T-cell epitope (ie, MVF) and nor-muramyl-dipeptide as adjuvant emulsified in SEPPIC ISA 720.
Mercaptoethylguanidine, a combined inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenger, reduces trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colonic damage in rats.

The effect of mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenger, was evaluated in a rat model of colonic injury. A single intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 20 mg/kg) dissolved in ethanol induced a severe colitis in male rats. Rats experienced bloody diarrhea and a significant loss of body weight. At 4 days after TNBS administration, the colon damage was characterized by areas of mucosal necrosis. Activity of myeloperoxidase, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and levels of the 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, were also markedly increased, whereas colonic ATP levels were reduced into the damaged tissue. Immunohistochemistry for the inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine, an index of nitrosative stress, showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with MEG (10 mg/kg i.v. b. i.d.) significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration of the disruption of the colonic architecture and suppression of the energetic failure, as well as a significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase activity and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha levels. MEG also reduced the appearance of iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the colon. The results of this study suggested that administration of MEG may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Memory-cell design in Josephson technology

Operating principles and criteria for the design of Josephson memory cells are reviewed and the evolution of cell design is retraced to highlight the various constraints imposed by the requirement for high speed, density, large Operating margins, and ease of auxiliary memory circuit design. Two attractive cells have emerged so far. One is a nondestructive readout (NDRO) ring cell for a subnanosecond cache memory chip; the other a destructive readout (DRO) single-flux quantum cell for main memory applications. Both are presently being used as the basis for ongoing design work.
SPIDER SENSE: Software-engineering, networked, system evaluation

Today, many of the research innovations in software visualization and comprehension are evaluated on small-scale programs in a way that avoids actual human evaluation, despite the fact that these techniques are designed to help programmers develop and understand large and complex software. The investments required to perform such human studies often outweigh the need to publish. As such, the goal of this work (and toolkit) is to enable the evaluation of software visualizations of real-life software systems by its actual developers, as well as to understand the factors that influence adoption. The approach is to directly assist practicing software developers with visualizations through open and online collaboration tools. The mechanism by which we accomplish this goal is an online service that is linked through the projects' revision-control and build systems. We are calling this system SPIDER SENSE, and it includes web-based visualizations for software exploration that is supported by tools for mirroring development activities, automatic building and testing, and automatic instrumentation to gather dynamic-analysis data. In the future, we envision the system and toolkit to become a framework on which further visualizations and analyses are developed. SPIDER SENSE is open-source and publicly available for download and collaborative development.
Advanced Radiation Calculations of Hypersonic Reentry Flows Using Efficient Databasing Schemes

Efficient schemes for databasing emission and absorption coefficients are developed to model radiation from hypersonic nonequilibrium flows. For bound-bound transitions, spectral information including the line-center wavelength and emission and absorption coefficients is stored for typical air plasma species. Since the flow is nonequilibrium, a rate equation approach including both collisional and radiatively induced transitions is used to calculate the electronic state populations, assuming quasi steady state. The general Voigt line-shape function is assumed for modeling the line-broadening. The accuracy and efficiency of the databasing scheme was examined by comparing results of the databasing scheme with those of NEQAIR for the Stardust flowfield. An accuracy of approximately 1 % was achieved with an efficiency about three times faster than the NEQAIR code.
Particulars, Events, and Actions

Philosophers of logic and language often make a distinction between three types of linguistic items: (i) singular terms, including names; (ii) predicates; (iii) sentences. There is a corresponding distinction between three types of objects: (i′) particulars; (ii′) properties; (iii′) propositions. Of course, this is a prima facie ontological division. Some persons have argued, for example, that there are no propositions, that propositions can be eliminated in favor of particulars having certain properties. Others have argued that there are no properties, that properties can be eliminated in favor of specifiable groupings of particulars. In any case, the tripartite division (i′)-(iii′) is a plausible working hypothesis, if not ultimately defensible.
Osteoporosis: prevention is key to management

Osteoporosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly women. The key to managing osteoporosis is to recognize that it may be more easily prevented than treated. Preventive measures focus on increasing the peak bone mass reached in all individuals by age 20 by counseling younger patients on lifestyle habits and dietary measures that affect bone growth, and on slowing the rapid age-related bone loss that occurs in postmenopausal women with the use of estrogen replacement therapy. In addition to its effects on bone, estrogen therapy also alleviates the signs and symptoms of menopause and possibly reduces the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease. A relationship between estrogens and breast cancer remains controversial, but a recent meta-analysis suggests no increased risk of this malignancy among women who receive hormone replacement therapy. Language: en
Mucosal melanoma: Epidemiology, biology and treatment

Mucosal melanoma is an exceedingly rare variant of cutaneous melanoma that, due to its rarity, is poorly described and infrequently studied. Primary sites of origin include the head and neck, anorectum and vulvovaginal regions. It is uniquely different from cutaneous melanoma with respect to epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Unlike cutaneous melanoma, exposure to UV light is not an apparent risk factor. Furthermore, distinct molecular features including a lower incidence of BRAF oncogene mutations but a higher incidence of KIT oncogene mutations suggest divergent genetic etiologies. Mucosal melanomas generally present at a later stage, are more aggressive and carry a worse prognosis regardless of the stage at diagnosis. Establishing standardized treatment guidelines has been challenging due to the rarity of the disease. Early detection provides the best chance at survival but is often difficult due to anatomic location. Surgery remains the primary therapeutic intervention if complete resection is technically feasible given the anatomic location. Radiotherapy may be used to achieve local control when resection is not feasible, or adjuvantly to enhance locoregional control, but most studies have failed to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival. There are no consensus guidelines on the optimal systemic therapy, and regimens are often extrapolated from data based on therapies used to treat advanced cutaneous melanoma. Clinical trials, particularly utilizing newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are investigating novel treatment approaches.
Age Does Not Predict Outcomes For Elderly Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Reduced-Intensity Conditioning

Background The National Care Determination for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) stated that there is an absence of convincing evidence that allo HSCT improves health outcomes. A prospective data-gathering trial sponsored by the CIBMTR is ongoing; however, until such results are available, retrospective methods specifically comparing older populations are illustrative. Methods We analyzed outcomes for older patients with MDS undergoing HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) at the Dana-Farber/BWH with uniform conditioning and graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens from 2001 to 2011. Patients with CMML were excluded. Those aged 60-65, and those ≥ 66 were compared to assess overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and other HSCT-related outcomes. Aiming to build a better prognostic score using its significant components, we also assessed the association of the IPSS-R at transplantation as well as each of its components with OS, and fit multivariable Cox regression models with the new prognostic score as well as age. Results We identified 67 patients aged 60 or older who underwent RIC HSCT for MDS. All patients received fludarabine and intravenous busulfan as conditioning, and peripheral blood stem cells. GVHD prophylaxis included tacrolimus/rapamycin +/- MTX. The median age was 64 (60-74) years, and the majority (64%) had unrelated donors. 60% had advanced MDS (IPSS-R high risk or very high risk), 46% had poor risk cytogenetics, and 67% had high or very high disease risk index (DRI). The median age for the 60-65 group was 63; the median age for the ≥ 66 group was 69. We found no significant differences in PFS or OS by age category, as shown below (also see [figure][1]): ![Figure][2] View this table: In addition, rates of 6-month grade III-IV GVHD (p=.45) and 2-year incidence of cGVHD (p=0.78) did not significantly differ. The IPSS-R performed only modestly in predicting 4-year OS for this older cohort (p=.20); however, a new 3-level score (including collapsed cytogenetic categories, dichotomous platelet count [ ≥ 50 or < 50], percent blasts in marrow and dichotomous ANC) performed better (p=.008; see [figure][3]). In two multivariable models, one that included the IPSS-R and another that included the new score, age was not a significant predictor of OS (p=.78 and .77 respectively). ![Figure][2] Conclusions Our data suggest that age alone should not limit availability of RIC HSCT for patients with MDS, as older patients in our elderly cohort faired similarly to younger ones with respect to important HSCT-related outcomes. Our new prognostic score, if validated, may be able to help risk-stratify patients. Finally, continued efforts are needed to reduce relapse in high-risk elderly MDS patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes [3]: #F2
A 1,3-1,4-β-Glucan Utilization Regulon in Paenibacillus sp. Strain JDR-2

Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2 (Paenibacillus JDR-2) secretes a multimodular cell-associated glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) endoxylanase (XynA10A1) that catalyzes the depolymerization of methylglucuronoxylan (MeGXn) and rapidly assimilates the products of depolymerization. Efficient utilization of MeGXn has been postulated to result from the coupling of the processes of exocellular depolymerization and assimilation of oligosaccharide products, followed by intracellular metabolism. Growth and substrate utilization patterns with barley glucan and laminarin similar to those observed with MeGXn as a substrate suggest similar processes for 1,3-1,4-β-glucan and 1,3-β-glucan depolymerization and product assimilation. The Paenibacillus JDR-2 genome includes a cluster of genes encoding a secreted multimodular GH16 β-glucanase (Bgl16A1) containing surface layer homology (SLH) domains, a secreted GH16 β-glucanase with only a catalytic domain (Bgl16A2), transporter proteins, and transcriptional regulators. Recombinant Bgl16A1 and Bgl16A2 catalyze the formation of trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and larger oligosaccharides from barley glucan and of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides and larger oligosaccharides from laminarin. The lack of accumulation of depolymerization products during growth and a marked preference for polymeric glucan over depolymerization products support a process coupling extracellular depolymerization, assimilation, and intracellular metabolism for β-glucans similar to that ascribed to the GH10/GH67 xylan utilization system in Paenibacillus JDR-2. Coordinate expression of genes encoding GH16 β-glucanases, transporters, and transcriptional regulators supports their role as a regulon for the utilization of soluble β-glucans. As in the case of the xylan utilization regulons, this soluble β-glucan regulon provides advantages in the growth rate and yields on polymeric substrates and may be exploited for the efficient conversion of plant-derived polysaccharides to targeted products.
SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN EXPERIMENTAL AND HUMAN RENAL DISEASES.

SummarySevere proteinuria with considerable gamma globulin content was produced in rats by aminonucleoside injections. Sections of their kidneys at intervals between 4 and 12 days after onset of proteinuria did not show immunofluorescent staining for gamma globulin and complement. Rats made nephritic by injection of anti-rat kidney rabbit serum showed immediate morphologic damage and proteinuria with considerable gamma globulin content. Rabbit gamma globulin can be demonstrated immediately on the glomeruli while rat gamma globulin does not appear before the seventh day of disease. A kidney biopsy of a patient with multiple myeloma and advanced renal damage did not show immune staining for gamma globulin and complement, in spite of a severe proteinuria with large amounts of albumin, Bence-Jones protein and gamma globulin in the urine. Positive immune staining for gamma globulin or complement and its components in renal diseases can therefore not be attributed to trapping or unspecific transudation in the d...
Ease-Off and Application in Tooth Contact Analysis for Face-Milled and Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears

The ease-off concept was introduced to describe the mismatch, a deviation between conjugation and non-conjugation, between two tooth surfaces from a pair of mating bevel gears in contact. However, a complete mathematical description of ease-off and the algorithm of computation were not found. The application of ease-off concept in tooth contact analysis (TCA) allows for a numerical determination of contact patterns and transmission errors of highly conformable contact or almost conjugate contact of tooth surfaces. The paper analytically describes a generalized theory of ease-off and its application in tooth contact analysis of both face-milled and face-hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gears with complex tooth surface modifications. The implementation of the ease-off algorithm applied to the tooth contact analysis is illustrated with two examples of, respectively, a face-milled gear drive and a face-hobbed hypoid gear drive.
Corporate governance and the expansion of the democratic franchise: beyond cross-country regressions

ABSTRACTThis article documents the stark differences in the legal regulation of corporations in the United States compared to Britain and other Western European countries in the nineteenth century. The lack of alternative ways of obtaining ‘corporate’ advantages in common-law countries made the corporate form much more politically fraught than in civil-law countries. In the United States, general incorporation laws came after the attainment of universal white manhood suffrage and were part of a broader egalitarian movement to ensure that elites did not have advantages over everyone else. As a result, they were highly prescriptive, limiting corporations’ size and duration and also mandating specific governance rules. In Great Britain, by contrast, general incorporation laws were passed in a context where only a small fraction of the population could vote. Because the interests at stake in the legislation were those of the business and financial elite, British company law (like the less politically controve...
Rapid detection of four rat poisons in poisoning accidents

Objective To establish laboratory emergence detection of four rat posisons for sudden public healthpoisoning events. Method Tetramine, fluoroacetamide were detected by GC/MS, and diphacin and bromadiolone by HPLC.The GC/MS,HPLC chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions was optimized to establish chromatographic gallery andmass pectrometry gallery of each rat poison. Result The characteristic ions and abundance ratio of GC/MS qualitativedetection for tetramine were 212/240 and 2:1, respectively, and those for fluoroacetamide were 44/77 and 1.5:1; respectively.The minimum detectable concentrations of solid samples and liquid samples detected by HPLC using dual-wavelength(285nmand 260nm)in the diphacin and bromadiolone were 0.80mg/kg and 0.16ug/L, respectively. Conclusion The method israpid, accurate and suitable for rapid detection of rodenticide poisoning.
Autonomous Exploration for Infrastructure Modeling with a Micro Aerial Vehicle

Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) are an exciting technology for mobile sensing of infrastructure as they can easily position sensors in to hard to reach positions. Although MAVs equipped with 3D sensing are starting to be used in industry, they currently must be remotely controlled by a skilled pilot. In this paper we present an exploration path planning approach for MAVs equipped with 3D range sensors like lidar. The only user input that our approach requires is a 3D bounding box around the structure. Our method incrementally plans a path for a MAV to scan all surfaces of the structure up to a resolution and detects when exploration is finished. We demonstrate our method by modeling a train bridge and show that our method builds 3D models with the efficiency of a skilled pilot.
Emergency Medicine Morbidity and Mortality Conference and Culture of Safety: The Resident Perspective

Objective Morbidity and mortality conference (M&M) is common in emergency medicine (EM) and an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of elements of EM M&M conferences that foster a strong culture of safety. Methods Emergency medicine residents at 33 programs across the United States were surveyed using questions adapted from a previously tested survey of EM program directors and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Culture of Safety Survey. Results The survey response rate was 80.3% (1,002/1,248). A total of 60.3% (601/997) of residents had not submitted a case of theirs to M&M in the past year. A total of 7.6% (73/954) reported that issues raised at M&M always led to change while 88.3% (842/954) reported that they sometimes did and 4.1% (39/954) reported that they never did. A total of 56.2% (536/954) responded that changes made due to M&M were reported back to the residents. Of residents who had cases presented at M&M, 24.2% (130/538) responded that there was regular debriefing, 65.2% (351/538) responded that there was not, and 10.6% (57/578) were unsure. A total of 10.2% (101/988) of respondents agreed that M&M was punitive, 17.4% were neutral (172/988), and 72.4% (715/988) disagreed. A total of 18.0% (178/987) of residents agreed that they felt pressure to order unnecessary tests because of M&M, 22.3% (220/987) were neutral, and 59.6% (589/987) disagreed. A total of 87.4% (862/986) felt that M&M was a valuable educational didactic session, and 78.3% (766/978) believed that M&M contributes to a culture of safety in their institution. Conclusions While most residents believe that M&M is a valuable didactic session and contributes to institutional culture of safety, there are opportunities to improve by communicating changes made in response to M&M, debriefing residents who have had cases presented, and taking steps to make M&M not feel punitive to some residents.
Compound nuclear evaporation model calculations in the mass A~50 and A~80 regions

Experimental excitation functions for the products of the reactions /sup 27/Al + /sup 28/Si, /sup 28/Si + /sup 28/Si, /sup 54/Fe + /sup 28/Si, and /sup 56/Fe + /sup 28/Si were measured over the energy range from 65 to 99 MeV. The experimental excitation functions of the reaction products were then compared to the results obtained from compound nuclear evaporation model calculations. The generally better agreement obtained with one of the codes suggests the importance of angular momentum effects in the exit channel. Two-particle evaporations are badly underpredicted by both calculations in both mass regions. It is possible that part of these cross sections result from some reaction mechanism other than compound nuclear. The compound nuclear evaporation model calculations are also very sensitive to the level density parameters a, which are not well known in the mass Aapprox.50 and Aapprox.80 regions.
Associations between Ambient Fine Particulate Oxidative Potential and Cardiorespiratory Emergency Department Visits.

Background: Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a measure of toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM). Objectives: Our goal was to address an important research gap by using daily OP m...
Critical Reflexivity of Communities on Their Experience to Improve Population Health

Although community capacity has been prominent in the public health literature for nearly 20 years, the field has only operationalized a few dimensions. An intriguing dimension of capacity is a community’s ability to critically reflect.On the basis of previous research as well as theoretical and practical insights from management and organizational learning literature, we offer a process framework for critical reflexivity practice in community. The framework draws on ideas regarding cognition and agency, praxis, as well as the transformative learning model to conceptualize how reflexivity happens as an emergent community process.The implication is that reflexivity is a community-level process of making meaning of experiences that drive a common narrative. Inclusivity and establishing consensus are paramount, and can be difficult in light of power dynamics and consideration of dissenting voices and different experiences; enlightened self-interest and creating conducive spaces for dialogue are key in this p...
Clinical Research in the Postgenomic Era

Clinical research, being patient-oriented, is based predominantly on ­clinical data – symptoms reported by patients, observations of patients made by health-care providers, radiological images, and various metrics, including laboratory measurements that reflect physiological functions. Recently, however, a new type of data – genes and their products – has entered the picture, and the expectation is that given clinical conditions can ultimately be linked to the function of specific genes. The postgenomic era is characterized by the availability of the human genome as well as the complete genomes of numerous reference organisms. How genomic information feeds into clinical research is the topic of this chapter. We first review the molecules that form the “blueprint of life” and discuss the surrounding research methodologies. Then we discuss how genetic data are clinically integrated. Finally, we relate how this new type of data is used in different clinical research domains.
Tribute to Cary J. Lambert, MD.

I have always found it difficult to write a tribute to a dear friend. Those who knew the deceased expect all aspects of his personality and achievements to be mentioned. And those who didn't must be sufficiently informed. Yet I did volunteer, because I firmly believe that very few people deserve this page as much as Jake Lambert. I met him as an associate to Drs. Ben Mitchel and Maurice Adam in 1972, when I came to Baylor as a fellow in the golden era of cardiothoracic surgery. Although short in stature with a mischievous expression on his face, he commanded attention because of his intelligence, abundant energy, and ubiquitous presence. A superb technical surgeon employing innovative methods, he was the backbone of the whole service. Our first encounter was an unhappy one. When we scrubbed together, he kicked me out of the operating room! “You are excused,” he said in his distinctively nasal southern drawl. “I cannot tolerate your dramatic Mediterranean movements!” That same evening he called me back, and sitting on the lawn in front of Jonsson Hospital, he formally apologized. After that, we became friends for life. We kept in touch during my long training travails in Boston, Richmond, and London. Always astute and progressive, Jake believed that heart transplantation must soon come to Baylor; in 1984, he was the force behind my coming to Baylor to start the program. Unfortunately, a series of administrative misadventures led to his resignation before we had a chance to work together. If I were to describe the defining hallmark in Jake's life, I would use the word controversy. He was greatly admired and loved by his friends and rejected only by those who didn't know him well. He respected authority and discipline, yet he tweaked the establishment's tail. He revered his almost tyrannical father, who once drove his truck over Jake's bicycle because it had been left in the driveway. He profoundly respected his Birmingham chief, Dr. C. Lyons, who semiseriously told him that his becoming a cardiac surgeon would be the greatest disaster in medicine. He adored his authoritative chief, Dr. Ben Mitchel, yet he would repeatedly embarrass him by smoking under a “no smoking” sign in Baylor's corridors. Being a truly academic surgeon, he selflessly and tirelessly taught residents and fellows everything he knew, yet he belonged to the private practice. I would be amiss if I didn't repeat what Jake wrote in his last letter to me, which probably best describes this uniquely delightful and controversial friend: “Maybe what they say about being a southerner is true: he is forever in a quarrel with himself.” For us, there never was a quarrel, for Jake Lambert was a truly good man, generous and hospitable to a fault. May he, at last, rest in peace.
The Fossil Record of Drilling Predation on Bivalves and Gastropods

The fossil record yields abundant data on the interaction between drilling predators and their shelled prey. Predatory drill holes may date to the late Precambrian (Bengtson and Zhao, 1992) and have been reported from various Paleozoic assemblages (e.g., Sheehan and Lesperance, 1978; Smith et al., 1985; Conway Morris and Bengtson, 1994). Paleozoic drill holes have been reported primarily from brachiopods, although gastropods (Rohr, 1991) and bivalves (Kowalewski et al., 2000; Hoffmeister et al., 2001) also exhibit apparent predatory drill holes. In most cases, the identities of the Paleozoic drilling predators are unknown; platyceratid gastropods documented in association with drilled Paleozoic crinoids and blastoids appear to have been parasitic (Baumiller, 1990, 1996, 2001).
Electronic drug interaction alerts in ambulatory care: the value and acceptance of high-value alerts in US medical practices as assessed by an expert clinical panel.

Background: Computerized physician order entry systems are known to improve patient safety in acute-care hospitals. However, as clinicians frequently override drug interaction and allergy alerts, their value in ambulatory care remains uncertain.
Does Proximity to Wetlands Matter? A Landscape-Level Analysis of the Influence of Local Wetlands on the Public’s Concern for Ecosystem Services and Conservation Involvement

Understanding public perceptions can enhance the success of landscape-level conservation by helping recognize how to gather public support. However, perceptions of wetlands’ importance may differ based on proximity to a wetland. This study used a mail-out survey across the entire U.S. (n = 1030) to investigate the public’s knowledge of local wetlands, visitation to wetlands, concern over losing ecosystem services provided by wetlands, and involvement in wetlands conservation. Regression models were run to explore the impact of proximity to the nearest wetland on wetlands visitation, concern, and conservation involvement. Additionally, sociodemographics and outdoor recreation participation were tested as predictors. While proximity to wetlands did impact knowledge of wetlands in the local area and wetlands visitation, it was not directly a significant predictor of concern for wetlands ecosystem services or conservation involvement. However, wetlands visitation did increase concern for ecosystem services and conservation involvement. Furthermore, participation in birdwatching, wildlife viewing, and fishing were correlated with higher concern for ecosystems services provided by wetlands and involvement in wetlands/waterfowl conservation. Results suggest that fostering awareness of wetlands, encouraging visitation, and promoting non-consumptive outdoor recreation opportunities may increase support for wetlands regardless of individuals’ proximity to wetlands.