cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An interactive identification scheme based on discrete logarithms and factoring

We describe a modification of an interactive identification scheme of Schnorr intended for use by smart cards. Schnorr's original scheme had its security based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms in a subgroup of GF(p) given some side information. We prove that our modification will be witness hiding, which is a more rigid security condition than Schnorr proved for his scheme, if factoring a large integer with some side information is computationally infeasible. In addition, even if the large integer can be factored, then our scheme is still as secure as Schnorr's scheme. For this enhanced security we require only slightly more communication and about a factor of a 3.6 increase in computational power, but the requirements remain quite modest, so that the scheme is well suited for use in smart cards.
Effects of Assumed Demand Form on Simulated Postmerger Equilibria

This paper investigates the properties of four demand systems used to predict the effects of differentiated products mergers: the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), logit, linear, and log- linear (constant elasticity). In Monte Carlo experiments, these demand systems yield significantly different predictions, although all are calibrated to the same the same, randomly generated, premerger relative quantities and demand elasticities. The predicted price increase is greatest with log-linear demand, followed by the AIDS. The linear and logit demand forms result in significantly lower postmerger prices. The results highlight the importance of the inherent higher-order properties of demand systems, i.e., their "curvature."
Enhanced event-by-event fluctuations in pion multiplicity as a signal of disoriented chiral condensates in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

The factorial moments of the pion multiplicity distributions are calculated with HIJING and UrQMD and found to be independent of the ${p}_{T}$ range included, in contrast to recent simulations with the linear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model which leads to large enhancements for pions with transverse kinetic energies below 200 MeV. This supports the use of the ratio of the factorial moments of low and high ${p}_{T}$ pions as a signal of ``new'' physics at low momentum scales, such as the formation of disoriented chiral condensates.
The Spiritual Health Inventory (SHI)

Abstract Spirituality appears to play a role in reducing the incidence of disease and in coping successfully with problems. Given the benefits of spiritually based interventions, accurate assessment of an individual's spirituality is important. The 18-item Spiritual Health Inventory (SHI) was developed for that purpose. It was subsequently expanded to 30 items, but the longer version was never subjected to psychometric testing. The present study assessed the expanded version of the SHI using data from two substance abusing samples. Factor analysis results suggested three underlying factors labeled “Spiritual Experience,” “Spiritual Locus of Control,” and “Spiritual Well-Being.” Tests of reliability indicated good reliability for the scale as a whole and for its subscales.
Regulation of Hematopoiesis and Methionine Homeostasis by mTORC1 Inhibitor NPRL2

Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2) is a component of a conserved complex that inhibits mTORC1 (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) in response to amino acid insufficiency. Here, we show that NPRL2 is required for mouse viability and that its absence significantly compromises fetal liver hematopoiesis in developing embryos. Moreover, NPRL2 KO embryos have significantly reduced methionine levels and exhibit phenotypes reminiscent of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. Consistent with this idea, NPRL2 KO liver and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show defective processing of the cobalamin-transport protein transcobalamin 2, along with impaired lysosomal acidification and lysosomal gene expression. NPRL2 KO MEFs exhibit a significant defect in the cobalamin-dependent synthesis of methionine from homocysteine, which can be rescued by supplementation with cyanocobalamin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a role for NPRL2 and mTORC1 in the regulation of lysosomal-dependent cobalamin processing, methionine synthesis, and maintenance of cellular re-methylation potential, which are important during hematopoiesis.
Electronic response of graphene to linelike charge perturbations

The problem of electrostatic screening of a charged line by undoped or weakly doped graphene is treated beyond the linear-response theory. The induced electron density is found to be approximately doping independent, $n(x)\ensuremath{\sim}{x}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{log}^{2}x$, at intermediate distances $x$ from the charged line. At larger $x$, twin $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junctions may form if the external perturbation is repulsive for graphene charge carriers. The effect of such inhomogeneities on conductance and quantum capacitance of graphene is calculated. The results are relevant for transport properties of graphene grain boundaries and for local electrostatic control of graphene with ultrathin gates.
Evaluating the membrane fecal coliform test by using Escherichia coli as the indicator organism.

Abstract The fecal coliform membrane filter method (MFC) currently used in water pollution analysis was evaluated by using two strains of Escherichia coli, a known fecal coliform, as the indicator organism. A large relative error in the results obtained with this method was found to be dependent upon the brand of membrane filter employed, the medium, and the temperature of incubation. MFC densities varied between 10 and 60% of the densities determined by means of total bacteria counts and total coliform counts performed at 35 C. Due to the large relative error encountered, the MFC method cannot be recommended as an analytical tool for the laboratory enumeration of E. coli. The results do show that the MFC method can be used at 35 C for enumeration of E. coli and for differential counts of E. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes.
A general approach to the symmetry and the factorization properties of theN-point dual amplitudes

We present a general method for analyzing the consequence of the symmetries in the dual amplitudes. We show that the existence of the generalized gauge transformation is related not only to the reflection symmetry but also to the cyclic symmetry of the dual amplitudes. We give the explicit form for the generator of the gauge transformation in two different formalisms for theN-point function. Other transformation operators present in these formalisms are also investigated.
It's a Small World: Boardroom Networks and Stock Performance

The article reviews the literature on the costs and benefits of boardroom networks for firm performance and highlights the impact on (risk-adjusted) stock returns in the Netherlands.
International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2011 Gleipnir: A Memory Analysis Tool

This paper describes a program profiling and analysis tool called Gleipnir. Gleipnir collects memory access traces and associates each access with a specific program internal structure such as a thread, a function, a data structure or a scalar variable. The data provided by Gleipnir can be used to analyze how program variables and associated memory accesses map to L-1 as well as higher level cache memories. This information can be used to investigate techniques to refactor data or code to improve memory access performance. It is our hypothesis that optimizing cache performance at all levels is very important to both single-core and multi-core processors. In this paper we will describe the Gleipnir tool and some examples of its use in optimizing memory performance. The overall goal of our research is to develop techniques usable by application developers, compilers, and runtime systems to improve the performance of their applications.
The non-resonant signal in laser-induced grating spectroscopy of gases

Abstract Laser-induced grating spectroscopy experiments at atmospheric pressures have a wavelength-independent component of the signal that limits the sensitivity of the technique. Experiments comparing this non-resonant signal to the wavelength-dependent signal show that its origin is electrostriction. The key to identifying the origin of the non-resonant signal is the time-evolution of the recurrences in intensity, as described by the condensed phase analysis of Miller, Casalegno, Nelson and Fayer. The temporal behavior of the electrostriction grating permits optimization of sensitivity to resonant signals in the presence of the interfering non-resonant contributions.
Electroshock-induced retrograde amnesia in seizure-protected mice.

Mice given electroshock following a single conditioning trial showed a retrograde amnesia for the conditioned response as a function of the time interval between training and electroshock. When, under two different conditions, the overt convulsion produced by electroshock was prevented, the retrograde amnesia still was in evidence. The data suggest that current flow through the brain, rather than an overt convulsion, accounts for the amnesic effect of electroshock.
Effect of Dzialoshinsky-Moriya Interactions on Propagation of Spin Waves in Ferromagnets: Dynamical Canting

It is shown that in ferromagnets, an antisymmetric Dzialoshinsky-Moriya interaction will introduce an additional phase shift (dynamical canting) between spins in their spinwave precession motion. This phase shift will have a most pronounced influence on the resonance intensities of the standing spin-wave mode in a thin film of a material having such an interaction.
A country disunited? Urban photography in post-reunification Germany

I felt that the decrepit state of these once magnificent buildings, with their broken gutters, walls blackened by rainwater, crumbling plaster revealing the coarse masonry beneath it, windows board...
Construction of an efficient expression system for Agrobacterium tumefaciens based on the coliphage T5 promoter.

A versatile expression vector utilizing a promoter of coliphage T5, P(N25) (Gentz and Bujard, 1985. J. Bacteriol. 164, 70-77) and a derivative of the IncW broad-host-range plasmid pJB20 (Beaupre et al., 1997. J. Bacteriol. 179, 78-89) has been developed. This vector successfully expresses virulence proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoded by virG and a mutant allele of virA, virA (delta1-284, G665D) in Escherichia coli as well as in A. tumefaciens. The signal transduction proteins VirA (delta1-284, G665D) and VirG are fully functional when expressed in Agrobacterium, and the P(N25) driven expression overrides the complex transcriptional regulation present with the native promoters. This expression system will enable a more detailed analysis of the activation events in signal transduction in A. tumefaciens, and we expect it to be useful in other prokaryotes.
Kinetics studies of oxidations of catechol and l-dopa as mediated by IrCli2−6 at polymer-coated glassy carbon electrodes

Abstract Rotating disk techniques were employed to measure the kinetics of the oxidations of catechol and l -dopa as mediated by IrCl 2− 6 at a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode coated with a mixture of two polycationic electrolytes. For both reactants the kinetic behavior matched that described by Andrieux et al. [1] for an “SR” case. Products of the cross-reaction rate constants and substrate partition coefficients derived from the data had values consistent with very similar reactivities of both substrates toward IrCl 2− 6 inside and outside of the coatings.
Boulders and ponds on the Asteroid 433 Eros

Abstract There are ∼300 features on the Asteroid 433 Eros that morphologically resemble ponds (flat-floored and sharply embaying the bounding depression in which they sit). Because boulders on Eros are apparently eroding in place and because ponds with associated boulders tend to be larger than ponds without blocks, we propose that ponds form from thermally disaggregated and seismically flattened boulder material, under the assumption that repeated day/night cycling causes material fatigue that leads to erosion of the boulders. Results from a simple boulder emplacement/thermal erosion model with boulders emplaced in a few discrete events (i.e., large impacts) match well the observed size distribution. Under this scenario, the subtle color differences of ponds (somewhat bluer than the rest of the surface) might be due to some combination of less space-weathered material and density stratification of silicate-rich chondrules and more metal-rich matrix from a disaggregated boulder. Volume estimates of ponds derived from NEAR Laser Rangefinder profiles are consistent with what can be supplied by boulders. Ponds are also observed to be concentrated in regions of low slope and high elevation, which suggests the presence of a less mobile regolith and thus a contrast in the resistance to seismic shaking between the pond material and the material that makes up the bounding depression. Future tests include shake-table experiments and temperature cycling (fatigue) of ordinary chondrites to test the thermal erosion mechanism.
T-cell activation in pulmonary lymph nodes of mice exposed to ozone.

As part of a project to assess the effect of ozone inhalation on cells of the mediastinal lymph nodes, groups of CD-1 female mice were exposed to ozone at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 ppm, 20 hr per day, 7 days per week for 1–28 days. The effect of ozone exposure on lymphoid cells was determined by studying mediastinal lymph nodes at various times of exposure. We found that lymphocyte numbers underwent a dose-dependent, four-phased change: cellular depletion (Days 1–2), followed by rapid hyperplasia (Days 3–4), incremental cell number reduction (Days 5–7), and a subsequent subacute phase of elevated lymphocyte numbers (Days 8–28). Using tritiated thymidine we determined that cells underwent a rapid burst of division by Day 3 of exposure and that mitosis subsequently declined to near baseline values by 2 weeks of exposure. Autoradiographic analysis of histologic sections revealed that the paracortical T-cell areas of the nodes were particularly involved. In addition to the increase in thymidine uptake, several morphologic changes were evident in affected cells including cellular reorganization, nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, and induction of a prominent nucleolus. By comparison, the B cells from ozone-exposed animals were virtually unaffected with respect to cell division or morphological alterations. Prior treatment of ozone-exposed animals with a monoclonal antibody that is cytotoxic for T cells eliminated the hyperplastic response. Since T cells seemed particularly affected by ozone inhalation, we studied immunologic aspects of T-cell reactivity. T-cell responsiveness to mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A showed little alteration during the first days of exposure; however, by Day 14 an increase in reactivity was observed. This change indicated that functional lymphocyte stimulation occurred during ozone exposure. Thus, response to ozone inhalation involves an acute phase (Days 1–7) characterized by a hyperplastic increase in cell mass and a subacute phase (Days 8–28) characterized by functional changes in lymphocyte reactivity.
Drivers' Understanding of Overhead Freeway Exit Guide Signs: Evaluation of Alternatives with an Advanced Fixed-Base Driving Simulator

In the near future, Route 1A southbound as it passes around Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, will be rebuilt. The existing four-lane highway will split into three different roadways: two one-lane exits and one two-lane throughway. Drivers will have very little time to decide which lane or lanes to take for a given destination. Given the complex geometry and small warning time, there is some concern that drivers will either miss the Logan exit altogether (leading to a long and frustrating detour around Logan) or make a decision at the last moment to move into the exit lane (leading to a potential safety problem). Proposed and alternative ways of signing exits such as this one with complex multiple splits were evaluated on an advanced fixed-base driving simulator. The virtual roadways and signs were built using the actual engineering design drawings. Drivers sit in a real Saturn and operate the controls of this vehicle just as they would those of a normal vehicle. They are given Logan as their target destination. The alternative freeway guide signs were found to improve indices of driver safety and satisfaction. Specifically, drivers using the alternative signs move into the exiting lane sooner, make fewer double lane changes, and miss their exit less often. The results have implications more generally for the design and testing of highway guide signs using a driving simulator.
Forced versus internal variability in Northern Hemisphere climate

Some commonly used procedures do not correctly isolate the internal variability in the Northern Hemisphere climate system, a recent study argues. Mann et al. sought to separate the variability internal to the Northern Hemisphere temperature system from the external, or forced, variability driven by natural factors such as volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic factors such as greenhouse gas emissions.
Peptic ulcer in rheumatoid patients on corticosteroid therapy; a clinical, experimental and radiologic study.

An extensive study of the relationship of peptic ulcer to adrenal steroid therapy has led to the conclusion that certain corticosteroids are responsible for gastric ulceration, probably as a result of direct effects on the mucosa. Peptic ulcer was observed radiographically in 31 per cent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving adrenal steroids but in only 9 per cent of patients not treated and 5 per cent of nonrheumatoid controls. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion were not influenced significantly by the administration of corticosteroids. Un extense studio del relation inter ulcere peptic e therapia adreno-steroide ha resultate in le conclusion que certe corticosteroides es responsabile pro ulceration gastric, probabilemente in consequentia de effectos directe super le mucosa. Ulcere peptic esseva observate radio-graphicamente in 31 pro cento de patientes con arthritis rheumatoide qui recipeva steroides adrenal sed solmente in 9 pro cento de tal patientes qui non recipeva steroides adrenal e in 5 pro cento de non-rheumatoide subjectos de controlo. Le secretion de acido hydrochloric e de pepsina non esseva influentiate a grados significative per le administration de corticosteroides.
Enhancement of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol for scalable data collection in dense sensor networks

We find that the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol performs poorly for one-hop data collection in dense sensor networks, showing a steep deterioration in both throughput and energy consumption with increasing number of transmitters. We propose a channel feedback-based enhancement to the protocol that is significantly more scalable, showing a relatively flat, slow-changing total system throughput and energy consumption as the network size increases. A key feature of the enhancement is that the back-off windows are updated after successful transmissions instead of collisions. The window updates are based on an optimality criterion we derive from mathematical modeling of p-persistent CSMA.
Laboratory Study of Two-Dimensional Flow Components of Bridge Flow

This paper describes a laboratory set-up that introduces undergraduate fluid mechanics student to the concept of two-dimensional flow at bridges. The experiment involves mostly flow visualization using dye injection. The students are asked to identify angles of attack through the bridge opening, areas of ineffective flow and location with dominant eddies.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Automatic derivation of thermodynamic property functions using computer algebra

Abstract The commercial computer algebra system known as Maple has been extended in order to make possible the automatic symbolic derivation and differentiation of thermodynamic property functions of mixtures with arbitrary numbers of components. The tools described here could be useful in the rapid development of new models for thermodynamic properties (and their derivatives).
Sediment characteristics of an extreme flood: 1993 upper Mississippi River valley

The 1993 Mississippi River flood was notable for its high magnitude, long duration, summer occurrence, and low sediment discharge. A field survey of a 70-km-long reach in the vicinity of Quincy, Illinois, revealed that the event was characterized by 100 yr flood had remarkably little sedimentological or geomorphological impact on the flood plain within the study reach because the transport effectiveness of floods in large drainage basins is influenced by event sequencing in the same manner as floods in small watersheds, and the cohesive flood-plain soils were not susceptible to erosion.
Free amino acid levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

To evaluate reports of abnormal levels of free amino acids (AA) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we studied serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine AA in 12 patients with ALS and 12 controls matched for age, sex, and severity of disability. ALS patients had statistically significant elevations in serum levels of tyrosine, total aromatic AA, and total basic AA. ALS patients also had statistically significant elevations in cerebrospinal fluid of total basic AA, lysine, essential AA, and leucine. The severity of ALS correlated inversely with acidic AA (glutamate and aspartate) and O-phosphoserine in cerebrospinal fluid. Activity of ALS correlated directly with serum aspartate and cerebrospinal fluid alanine. We conclude that subtle abnormalities of AA levels are present in ALS and that these are not due to age, sex, or disability. The pattern of distribution of AA levels differs from that in hepatic or renal disease and suggests defective membrane transport or poor cellular utilization of basic and essential AA in the central nervous system.
Fast Analytical Separations with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has established itself as a critically important analytical method for many research and commercial laboratories. Employers expect today’s chemistry graduates to have a working knowledge of liquid chromatography techniques including HPLC. In addition to HPLC, it is becoming more important to educate students about newer separation technologies such as ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Unfortunately, these systems cost significantly more than traditional HPLC instruments, preventing their broad utilization in instrumental teaching laboratories. We have developed an ultra-fast isocratic separation method using traditional HPLC instrumentation that separates five compounds in 1 min. When utilized as a teaching activity, this ultra-fast separation allows students to develop an analytical method, generate standard calibration curves, and analyze unknown samples in a single teaching laboratory period. Furthermore, chromatograms obtained with this new m...
Household Appliance Magnetic Field Survey

The results of a non-comprehensive survey of the 60-Hz magnetic fields produced by common household appliances and tools are reported. Maximum magnetic field levels as a function of distance for about 100 different appliances of 25 basic types are characterized by measurement and presented in graphical form. The measurements represent the highest magnetic fields generated by the appliances in any normally accessible direction from them. All sets of measurements but two were made at the fundamental powerline frequency of 60 Hz and all represent narrowband rms levels of magnetic flux density expressed in UT. Measurements at powerline harmonic and other frequencies were not made. The data presented should be useful in understanding the levels of magnetic field produced by household appliances, and also in estimating magnetic-field exposures in homes and workplaces.
Effects of microstructure of the behavior of an aluminum alloy and an aluminum matrix composite tested under low levels of superimposed hydrostatic pressure

Experiments have been conducted on an aluminum alloy and an aluminum matrix composite tested in tension under the influence of superimposed hydrostatic pressure. Monolithic alloys heat-treated to underaged (UA) and overaged (OA) conditions exhibited significant differences in their responses to the superimposition of hydrostatic pressure during tension testing. Significant increases in ductility were obtained with moderate increases in confining pressure for the OA alloy, while the UA alloy exhibited little effect of pressure. In contrast, significant increases in ductility were obtained for the composites, regardless of the matrix aging condition. The effects of pressure on frature are determined in light of the micromechanisms of fracture in these materials.
Parasitic lumbar arterial blood supply in renal angiomyolipoma

Abstract A young woman with azotemia was found to have an angiomyolipoma which had parasitic blood supply from a lumbar artery. Parasitic lumbar arterial blood supply has previously been considered a strong indication of malignancy. Since this benign lesionhad not invaded the adjacent retroperitoneal structures, the phenomenon tends to confirm the postulate that parasitic blood supply to a lesion may occur through hypertrophy of small anastomotic channels normally present between adjacent vessels but not normally seen in angiography.
How accurate were seventeenth-century measurements of solar diameter?

The assumption that the solar diameter is constant over periods that are short compared to the nuclear process has recently been questioned. In 1979 Eddy and Boornazian claimed that measurements of the solar diameter made at the Greenwich and US Naval observatories show a decrease of ∼2arcs, or 0.1%, per century over the period 1836–1953 (refs 1,2). Others have since extended this baseline by studying the evidence from Mercury transits3 and assessing the entire range of evidence from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present4, and have found little or no evidence for a secular change in the solar diameter. Most recently, Ribes et al.5 have pushed the time baseline back to 1666, by considering the micrometer and transit measurements of the solar diameter made in Paris by Jean Picard (1666–82) and Philippe and Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire (1683–1719). Not only are these observations of importance for the investigation of solar changes at the end of the Maunder minimum, they can also be used for comparison with modern values. We discuss here the accuracy of Jean Picard's micrometer measurements of the solar diameter and his successors' transit measurements in light of the claim by Ribes et al.5 that these data provide evidence for a change in the apparent size of the Sun at the end of the Maunder minimum and a difference from the current size. Our evidence suggests that the necessary corrections to the measurement of sizes with early telescopes are larger than Ribes et al. assume. Therefore we call into question their conclusion that the Sun rapidly changed in size during this period.
Solomon the Trickster

This essay uses the rubric of "trickster" to explore the narrative character of Solomon as presented in Kings. Using both the broader literary category and the specific comparand of the Lenape (Delaware) trickster, Wehixamukes, nuances of the biblical presentation are highlighted and seemingly disparate elements of the biblical Solomon character are seen as parts of a coherent whole.
The value of approved therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

In this issue of the Journal, Macchia et al present the first meta-analysis of trials for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Their findings are startling, yet not surprising at the same time. Meta-analyses can be very helpful in strengthening the power of small intervention effects and in providing guidance for future clinical trials with respect to the population enrolled, appropriate end points, and length of follow-up. One should also remember that metaanalyses taken from studies published in the literature potentially suffer from a negative publication bias because negative trials are often not published, and thus the meta-analyses oftentimes represent bthe best of the best.Q In addition, if the clinical trials are widely heterogeneous with respect to the patient population under study, or by design, the conclusions may need to be tempered. This article is particularly timely, given the recent approval of several medications for PAH, which is widely considered as a seriously disabling and fatal disease. Currently, there are 7 medications approved for PAH worldwide, which are estimated to generate N1600 million dollars in revenue in 2007 (personal communication). Because PAH has now become among the most expensive diseases to treat in the world, it is certainly fair to ask if we are getting a fair bbang for our buck.Q This meta-analysis included data from 16 randomized clinical trials extracted from the published literature, representing 3 different classes of approved therapies (prostacyclins, endothelin receptor blockers, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors). One of the observations was the remarkable homogeneity among the studies. All but 1 of the trials included patients who had World Health Organization Category 1 PAH, and 70% of the patients
Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology: A goal-directed response to anticipated traumatization?

Abstract Through the use of case material, this article traces the evolution of one individual's potentially adaptive response to traumatic stressors into obsessive-compulsive illness. The following discussion offers a conceptualization of trauma-induced obsessive-compulsive symptomatology that presents the phenomena as a predictable pattern of traumatic antecedents, anticipatory arousal, and a subsequent goal directed motivational state to prevent anticipated traumatization. However, this hypothesis depends upon an expansion of our diagnostic understanding of traumatization to include interpersonal threat and how it might be symbolized by the individual seeking relief.
Highly Dipolar, Optically Nonlinear Adducts of Tetracyano-p-quinodimethane: Synthesis, Physical Characterization, and Theoretical Aspects

A new series of nonlinear optical molecules are described where the ground state polarization is predominantly zwitterionic when the molecules are dissolved in solution. The molecules, which are derived in general from facile reactions between tertiary amines and tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ), are of a type where the stabilization of the charge-separated ground state is favored by an increase in aromaticity over the neutral, quinoidal forms of the molecules. The measured second-order optical nonlinearity of one in the series has been measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering and a figure of merit value, μβ(0), being the product of the dipole moment and static first hyperpolarizability, is found to be 9500 × 10^(-48) esu. This value, which is higher than most other reported values, is taken from studies in chlorinated solvents of relatively low polarity, but the discussion emphasizes the evolution of μβ(0) with solvent polarity, showing that even higher values could be expected with only modest increases in the polarity of the surrounding medium. The analysis of experimental data taken during dipole moment studies is thoroughly examined, and it is concluded that full account must be taken of the molecular shape to correlate the results with theoretical calculations. An ellipsoidal reaction field model is preferred for these highly one-dimensional molecules having strongly anisotropic polarizabilities.
Modeling max-of-n fluence distribution for optics lifetime

Local temporal shot-to-shot variation of a high-energy laser system is measured in order to model the maximum fluence that any location on the optic will be exposed to after N shots (Max-of-N). We constructed a model to derive an equivalent-Max-of-N fluence distribution from a series of shots of differing energy and contrast in order to calculate damage initiation and optics lifetime. This model allows prediction for Max-of-N effects when direct measurements of the fluence distribution are not available. Comparison to different laser systems will be presented in order to gain insight as to the physical origins of the Max-of-N effect.
The suture-weave technique: a method of reloading a deployed unloaded suture anchor.

Abstract Many suture anchors hold 2 sutures per anchor. Occasionally during a procedure, 1 of these sutures may be inadvertently pulled out of the anchor eyelet. We describe the technique of rethreading a deployed suture anchor in the event that 1 of the sutures is inadvertently unloaded from the anchor eyelet. We have evaluated its effectiveness in vivo. The basic steps of the "suture-weave" technique are as follows. If 1 strand remains threaded through the anchor eyelet, it is tensioned so that there is 1 long end and 1 short end. The free suture is threaded into the eye of a graft preparation needle and this needle is then used to pierce the braids of the long end of the threaded suture. The free suture is interwoven through the braids of the threaded suture. The short end of the threaded suture is then pulled while visualizing the anchor eyelet arthroscopically. The free suture passes through the eyelet as the intersection of the 2 woven sutures traverses the eyelet. During this process, 3 suture strands are traversing the eyelet. Finally, the intersecting suture limbs are pulled free from each other such that there are 2 separate suture strands that slide independently and pass through the anchor eyelet once again. This procedure has been successfully used in vivo without complications. It is important to note that this procedure will only work in an anchor eyelet that will allow for the passage of 3 suture strands.
Social Work Research on Faith‐Based Programs: A Movement Towards Evidence‐Based Practice

Federal legislation now authorizes government funding for faith‐based initiatives to carry out social welfare service programs. The authors review recent trends in evaluation research on faith‐based programs by social workers. The authors discuss specific programmatic outcomes, limitations in faith‐based research, trends in faith‐based literature, and future research recommendation. We conclude that past research efforts by the social work profession are insufficient in the evaluation of faith‐based services. Our contention is that greater research efforts will promote the development of evidence‐based practice for faith‐based organizations and the social work profession.
Comparison of heterogeneous and homogeneous bubble nucleation using molecular simulations

NPT and NPzzT molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones atoms were used to compare homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. In the heterogeneous cases, the attraction between the fluid and a smooth fcc 100 surface was varied. Multiple simulations were used to determine nucleation times from which nucleation rates were estimated using a transient nucleation model. Calculations demonstrated a clear enhancement in nucleation rates in the heterogeneous cases compared to the homogeneous case. To obtain homogeneous nucleation rates similar to the heterogeneous cases required temperatures about 10 K higher. It was also found that void formation was favored as the attraction between the liquid and solid was decreased. Varying the system size, thermostatting method, and barostat time constant affected quantitative results, but not the qualitative trends.
A valve-controlled hydraulic servomechanism

HYDRAULIC SERVOMECHANISMS with flow-control valves are applied in many systems that require high performance, light weight, and power output of several horsepower. Unfortunately, hydraulic servos are not widely understood, for there is very little relevant textbook material and only a few technical papers.1 This investigation extends the now existing work by presenting an analysis of a complete hydraulic servo, together with experimental results that verify the analysis. The servo (Fig. 1) has an amplifier, a single-stage flow-control valve, a single-vane rotary motor with inertia load, and a position feedback.
T-cell recognition of prostatic peptides in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Purpose: A potential etiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is autoimmunity. We determined whether T cells from men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome would recognize peptides derived from the normal self-prostatic proteins prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase.Materials and Methods: CD4 T cells purified from peripheral blood of 31 patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and from the buffy coat preparation of 27 normal male blood donors were stimulated in vitro with a panel of immunogenic peptides from prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, and assayed for reactivity with the peptides by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Intermediate resolution HLA typing was done by polymerase chain reaction. Peptides were also tested by binding assay against different class II alleles.Results: Peptide PAP173–192 was recognized more frequently by CD4 T cells from patients with chronic prostatitis/chron...
State, Civil Society and International Norms: Expanding the Political and Labor Rights of Foreigners in South Korea:

This paper examines the dynamic role of the state, civil society groups and international conventions in expanding the rights of foreigners in South Korea. While recent scholarship on international migration reflects a growing gap between post-national and state-centered theories, the South Korean case illustrates the dynamic interplay of actors involved in major policy developments concerning interethnic marriages, citizenship, and the temporary foreign worker program. Although the challenges of adopting additional UN and ILO Conventions remain, the passage of the Nationality Act and the Employment Permit System reflects a steady expansion of political and labor rights for foreigners. The increasing number of foreigners marrying Koreans and the strong prospect of long-term dependence on foreign workers accentuate even more the significance of these changes. This paper shows that the expansion of foreigner rights depends on the liberal position of the state, the organizational strength of NGOs, and the system of checks-and-balances structurally embedded in the way the state parties and NGOs cooperate in implementing international instruments.
Adaptive filtering image preprocessing for smart FPA technology

This paper discusses two applications of adaptive filters for image processing on parallel architectures. The first, based on the results of previously accomplished work, summarizes the analyses of various adaptive filters implemented for pixel-level image prediction. FIR filters, fixed and adaptive IIR filters, and various variable step size algorithms were compared with a focus on algorithm complexity against the ability to predict future pixel values. A gaussian smoothing operation with varying spatial and temporal constants were also applied for comparisons of random noise reductions. The second application is a suggestion to use memory-adaptive IIR filters for detecting and tracking motion within an image. Objects within an image are made of edges, or segments, with varying degrees of motion. An application has been previously published that describes FIR filters connecting pixels and using correlations to determine motion and direction. This implementation seems limited to detecting motion coinciding with FIR filter operation rate and the associated harmonics. Upgrading the FIR structures with adaptive IIR structures can eliminate these limitations. These and any other pixel-level adaptive filtering application require data memory for filter parameters and some basic computational capability. Tradeoffs have to be made between chip real estate and these desired features. System tradeoffs will also have to be made as to where it makes the most sense to do which level of processing. Although smart pixels may not be ready to implement adaptive filters, applications such as these should give the smart pixel designer some long range goals.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characterization of transsynaptic tracing with central application of pseudorabies virus.

Although transsynaptic tracing with peripheral injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been extensively characterized, several methodological issues related to central application of this tracer have not been addressed. In the present study, we addressed the following three issues by using microinjection of a cocktail containing PRV (Bartha strain) and cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) into different sites in the rat brain. First, we estimated PRV diffusion by examining injection sites at different times after application. Second, we tested whether PRV is taken up by fibers of passage following injections into the olivocerebellar pathway. Third, we developed criteria for leakage of PRV into cerebral ventricles. Our data indicate that (i) centrally injected PRV diffuses very little and produces focal injection sites; (ii) PRV is taken up and transported by fibers of passage, although less prominently than found for Ctb; (iii) PRV produces specific and easily identifiable ependymal cell as well as neuronal labeling following ventricular injection. This labeling can be used as a criterion for determining if labeling obtained was due to injected tracer leaking into brain ventricles. In summary, the present study provides new and important information about using PRV to trace central multisynaptic circuitry.
On patient safety: how well do we police ourselves?

Outlier surgeons—those surgeons who violate universally accepted standards of care—are few and far between, but they are out there. You may have crossed paths with them in the course of patient care. They may work at your hospital, or you may have read about them in your local paper, or even encountered them in legal proceedings. But if you have been in practice long enough, chances are you may know who some of these outliers are. The question is, what can we do about them? What are our responsibilities to police our own?
29Si and 17O NMR investigation of the structure of some crystalline calcium silicate hydrates

Abstract This paper presents the results of a systematic investigation of the structure of 17O-enriched, hydrothermally synthesized 1.1-nm tobermorite, 1.4-nm tobermorite, jennite, calciochondrodite, xonotlite, and hillebrandite, using 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, 1H-29Si cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR, and 17O MAS NMR. The 17O and most of the 1H-29Si CPMAS results are the first reported for these phases. Six types of oxygen sites were observed in tobermorite and jennite, including both SiOH CaOH linkages. The structure of 1.4-nm tobermorite is similar to that of 1.1-nm tobermorite with about 26% of the Ca2+′s in the interlayers. The results support the proposed jennite structure in which silicate chains and rows of OH− groups alternately occur along the CaO layers [1]. Jennite contains long, single silicate chains similar to those in 1.4-nm tobermorite, with SiOH sites primarily occurring on bridging tetrahedra, and there seems to be no interlayer Ca2+′s. Although the Si sites in xonotlite and calciochondrodite cross-polarize well, neither contains SiOH linkages.
Genetic Coefficients in the CROPGRO–Soybean Model

Crop growth models are tools with valuable uses in research synthesis and crop management. This paper discusses genetic coefficients in the CROPGRO-Soybean model in terms of definitions, implications for genetic improvement, relationships to field performance, and linkage to genomics. As used in crop models, genetic coefficients are mathematical constructs designed to mimic the phenotypic phenotypic outcome of genes under different environments to influence: (i) life cycle including fractional allocation to different phases, (ii) photosynthetic, (iii) vegetative, (iv) rooting, and (v) reproductive processes. Model sensitivity analyses was used to hypothesize genetic coefficients of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and impact on field performance. Yield improvement from increased leaf photosynthesis was shown to be small if coupled to specific leaf weight. Yield improvement with longer seed filling duration was enhanced by traits such as slower N mobilization to sustain leaf photosynthesis or by genetic traits and management factors allowing adequate leaf area index before seed fill. Yield improvement under water-deficit appeared feasible from rate of root-depth increase, shift in root profile, and a slow senesce trait. Modeled genetic coefficients showed mostly additive effects on yield when evaluated in combinations; and combinations of minor changes gave yield increases of 13 to 17%, comparable to recent genetic improvement. More than additive effects occurred under good crop management or under projected rise in global CO 2 . Information from genomics, physiology, and yield performance trials can be used to derive genetic coefficients for crop models. Interaction of molecular geneticists, physiologists, and crop modelers is needed to facilitate the translation of genetic knowledge to modes of action, and finally to integrated field performance under multiple stress environments.
Neurodegenerative diseases. Origins of instability.

Errors in DNA replication are thought to underlie the lengthening of tracts of repeated DNA that occurs in some neurodegenerative diseases. But mechanisms for repairing damaged DNA may also be responsible.
Actinomyces in the endometrium of IUD users

The colonization of the female genital tract with Actinomyces is closely related to the presence of an IUD in the uterine cavity. This was confirmed in the present study, which shows an Actinomyces frequency of over 3% in users of IUDs, while non-users were free from the opportunistic invader. This frequency was higher with certain types of devices than with others. None of the patients with positive results had pelvic symptoms, but cases of serious infections have been reported in the literature. The length of IUD usage appears to be directly related to the incidence of this colonization. The possible pathogenesis of pelvic actinomycosis is presented; the clinical significance of asymptomatic colonization is discussed.
S-ROM modular total hip replacement

In the author's experience, the use of S-ROM proximal modular stem in primary and revision arthroplasty provides intraoperative customization that has resulted in reliable fixation and represents a unique solution to many complex problems in hip arthroplasty.