cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The anesthesia preoperative assessment: an opportunity for smoking cessation intervention

Smoking is the single most cause of preventable disease and premature death in the United States. We discuss potential hazards that the anesthesiologist should be aware of when caring for patients who abuse tobacco. A review of recent preoperative smoking cessation initiatives is also provided in addition to recommendations on how anesthesiologists may use the preoperative visit as an opportunity to play a more active role in reducing the burden of tobacco-related disease.
Increasing college access for youth aging out of foster care: Evaluation of a summer camp program for foster youth transitioning from high school to college

Abstract Young people who transition from the foster care system face many challenges including lack of support and other educational barriers. They are less likely to graduate from high school than their counterparts and go on to college yet despite challenges, many succeed and take advantage of higher education programs. In Michigan, a state with one of the highest percentage of youth in foster care, Michigan State University developed a small scale, targeted intervention to help transitioning foster youth achieve their goals of pursuing higher education. Led by the School of Social Work in collaboration with other colleges and disciplines, it was demonstrated that a campus based learning program for transitioning foster youth can help contribute toward a perceived increase in knowledge and information about college life, funding and admissions procedures. The educational process involved peer support, role modeling, mentoring and active learning sessions led by the faculty and students who were often foster care alumni themselves. Leaders and speakers came from a range of disciplines, institutions and organizations. This approach and curriculum contributed to perceptions of the camp as enhancing life skills, self-concept, empowerment and sense of purpose. Consequently, this program contributed to the resilience of those who attended and potentially helped build steps from care to higher education.
Viscosity quantified in 2D dusty plasma experiment

Polymer microparticles are introduced into a glow discharge plasma, yielding a dusty plasma. In the experiment reported here, the dusty plasma was a four-component mixture of negatively-charged microspheres, positive argon ions, electrons, and neutral argon gas. The microparticles are electrically suspended in a single layer in the sheath above a lower electrode. Due to their large electric charge, the microparticles can self-organize in a Wigner crystal. The thermal motion of these microparticles can be augmented by giving them random kicks by moving laser beams. This laser-heating method can increase the kinetic temperature for the microparticles motion so that the crystal melts, and the microparticle component of the dusty plasma then has the structure of a liquid. Here, the viscosity η of this liquid is determined experimentally using a method that, unlike in previous experiments, does not require a macroscopic shear flow. Instead, time series for the relative positions of individual particles and their velocities are used to compute a fluctuating shear stress, and then an autocorrelation of this fluctuating shear stress is used to calculate the viscosity η. This computation relies on an application of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, called the Green-Kubo relation, which previously was used to determine viscosity only for numerical simulations, not for experiments. The experiment was performed with no macroscopic shear flow. Video microscopy allowed the tracking of individual microparticles, yielding time series for their positions and velocities, which are inputs for the Green-Kubo relation of viscosity. The resulting viscosity is in agreement with a previous experiment using a steady macroscopic shear flow.
Up-regulation of key microRNAs, and inverse down-regulation of their predicted oxidative phosphorylation target genes, during aging in mouse brain

Although significant advances have been made in the study of the molecular mechanisms controlling brain aging, post-transcriptional gene regulation in normal brain aging has yet to be explored. Our lab recently reported that predominant microRNA up-regulation is observed in liver during aging, with key microRNAs predicted to target detoxification genes. Here we examine the role of microRNA regulation in brain during the normal aging process. MicroRNA microarrays and global proteomic profiling were used to compare the brain tissues of 10-, 18-, 24-, and 33-month-old mice. Our results suggest that: (1) like liver, during aging the brain exhibits predominant microRNA up-regulation, and this trend starts in mid-life; (2) of the 70 up-regulated microRNAs, 27 are predicted to target 10 genes of mitochondrial complexes III, IV, and F0F1-ATPase, which exhibit inversely correlated expression; (3) mice of extreme longevity (33-month old) exhibit fewer microRNA expression changes from 10-month-old levels than do old adult mice (24-month old). We found unique de-regulated microRNAs shared between aging brain and aging liver, as well as brain- vs. liver-specific microRNAs during normal aging.
Welfare Analysis of Dark Pools

We investigate the role of a class of alternative market structures known as electronic crossing networks or "dark pools". Relative to traditional "lit" markets, dark pools offer investors the trade-off of reduced transaction costs in exchange for greater uncertainty of trade. Our paper studies the welfare implications of operating a dark pool alongside traditional lit markets. We study equilibria of a market with intrinsic traders and speculators, each endowed with heterogeneous fine-grained information, who endogenously choose between dark and lit venues. We establish that while dark pools attract relatively uninformed investors, the orders therein experience an implicit transaction cost in the form of adverse selection. Moreover, the informational segmentation created by a dark pool leads to greater transaction costs in lit markets. Taken together, we establish that there exist reasonable parameter regimes where the introduction of a dark pool decreases the overall welfare of market participants.
Migrations, Movements and Re-Creations: Toyin Falola's Ibadan as a Template

A constant theme in Toyin Falola’s outstanding academic contributions to scholarship is how local, social and political pressures and dislocations, in the nineteenth century, led to Yoruba global movements and settlements. This proposal focuses attention on Falola’s colossal work, Ibadan: Foundation, Growth and Change 1830-1960. It interrogate the template of forced migrations, movements and the creation of newer Yoruba communities both at home and in the diaspora. Falola’s creative ingenuity as an historian comes to the fore when he set the template of analysis on the historical fates of Old Oyo –conservative to the core and unyielding to the new inevitable change-prone factors that have overwhelmed it, on the one hand, and Ibadan, itself the product of change that must keep expanding to accommodate new elements coming from all directions, on the other. The unique coup of the analysis of Falola’s Ibadan is a second older template – old Europe represented in United Kingdom and New Europe represented in the United States. The fundamental question is, “Which of these models can socially engineer the Yoruba, as an element of the New Africa, to transform in order to become relevant in the new global order?”
Reversible Fuel Cells with Tri-Layer Electrolytes

A tri-layer electrolyte membrane is proposed for high temperature reversible fuel cells. The tri-layer electrolyte consists of a central dense layer of a purely oxygen ion conducting material such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a thin dense p-type mixed oxygen ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) layer such as LSCF in contact with the oxygen electrode and a thin dense n-type mixed oxygen ionic electronic conducting layer such as rare earth oxide doped ceria in contact with the fuel electrode. In this manner, the electrochemical reactions occur at the p-type MIEC layer/oxygen electrode interface and the n-type MIEC layer/fuel electrode interface. The MIEC characteristics of the respective thin layers are expected to significantly lower the overall polarization resistances and the resistances to electronic defects transport across electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This is expected to minimize the variation of oxygen chemical potential across the tri-layer electrolyte and thus minimize degradation.
Policy Solutions for Better Hearing

This Viewpoint explains reasons that increased access to hearing aid technology is needed and proposes policy changes that would make such changes possible.
Visible-Light-Initiated Thiol-Michael Addition Polymerizations with Coumarin-Based Photobase Generators: Another Photoclick Reaction Strategy

An efficient visible-light-sensitive photobase generator for thiol-Michael addition reactions was synthesized and evaluated. This highly reactive catalyst was designed by protecting a strong base (tetramethyl guanidine, TMG) with a visible-light-responsive group which was a coumarin derivative. The coumarin-coupled TMG was shown to exhibit extraordinary catalytic activity toward initiation of the thiol-Michael reaction, including thiol-Michael addition-based polymerization, upon visible-light irradiation, leading to a stoichiometric reaction of both thiol and vinyl functional groups. Owing to its features, this visible-light photobase generator enables homogeneous network formation in thiol-Michael polymerizations and also has the potential to be exploited in other visible-light-induced, base-catalyzed thiol-click processes such as thiol-isocynate and thiol-epoxy network-forming reactions.
Integrating the Liberal Arts and Chemistry: A Series of General Chemistry Assignments To Develop Science Literacy

This paper describes assignments that have been implemented in a General Chemistry I course to promote science literacy. This course was chosen in particular because it reaches a broad audience, which includes nonscience majors. The assignment series begins with several discussions and tasks to develop information literacy, in which students find and critique sources of information and evaluate a journal article. It then culminates in an assignment that asks students to critically review a variety of information on a current issue and compose a written supported argument. This set of assignments gives our course a broader, liberal arts context, and according to student feedback, it has been successful in fostering science literacy. Adaptation for use in upper-level courses is also discussed.
When the Difference Between Coherent and Incoherent Imaging Begins to Blur

We generally think that distinctions between coherent and incoherent imaging are clear, but they are not always so. I give examples of blurring of distinctions, beginning with two that Adolf Lohmann and I worked on.
The Comparison of Flow Field and Dynamic Characteristic of Straight and Staggered Labyrinth Seal

To compare the flow field distribution and the dynamic characteristic coefficients of straight teeth and staggered teeth labyrinth seal,in this paper we established 3D CFD models of two kinds tooth shape seal.And we use commercial software CFX observing and analyzing the distribution of flow field,getting air's flow excitation force on rotor,solving the dynamic characteristic coefficients of the two tooth shape seal.The result shows:not only the staggered labyrinth seal's circumferential velocity and leakage rate are lower than the straight teeth,but also the stability of staggered labyrinth seal with seven seals at rotor is better than straight teeth.
A Corpus-Linguistic Analysis of News Coverage in Kenya's Daily Nation and The Times of London

This study uses institutional theory, which suggests that groups of organizations within the same field, such as the press, develop shared characteristics and unique tendencies that reﬂect their particular social and political systems, to advance empirical understanding of non-Western media organizations. This research uses word frequency comparison to examine word use across two newspapers representative of press systems in different political and social environments. The news styles show evidence of norms shared across significant cultural and geographic distances and of influences unique to particular cultural and regulative contexts—suggesting that news organizations adapt to both shared global standards and institutional constraints unique to surrounding cultures and that, despite the globalization of journalism culture, local context still matters.
Prevalence of chronic diseases and related risk factors among residents in Jiangsu province,China

Objective To examine the prevalence of chronic diseases and its risk factors among residents in Jiangsu province. Methods Multi-stratified clustering sampling method was used. Information on demographics,chronic diseases,and behavioural factors among 8 400 residents aged 18 years or above were collected with a questionnaire survey,anthropometric measurement,and biochemical test of blood. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors.Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 75. 55% among the residents. Hypertension,central obesity and lipid abnormality were the top three prevalent diseases,with the prevalence of 49. 14%,41. 86%,and 32. 01%,respectively. The prevalence of obesity,diabetes,and depression were 13. 64%,8. 49%,and 1. 14%,respectively. Compared with the south area,which was more economically developed,the odds ratio( OR) of the chronic diseases in the north area and the central area were 1. 53( 95% confidence interval[95% CI]: 1. 31-1. 79) and 1. 85( 95% CI: 1. 57-2. 18). The risk of chronic diseases increased with age,but decreased with education level. Meat dietary pattern elevated the risk of chronic diseases,while healthy dietary pattern decreased the risk. Conclusion Hypertension,central obesity,and lipid abnormality are the most prevalent chronic diseases among the residents of Jiangsu province. Age,residense,and education influence the risk of chronic diseases. High-fat diet might be a risk factor for chronic diseases and healthy diet might be a protective factor.
Efficient one-vs-one kernel ridge regression for speech recognition

Recent evidences suggest that the performance of kernel methods may match that of deep neural networks (DNNs), which have been the state-of-the-art approach for speech recognition. In this work, we present an improvement of the kernel ridge regression studied in Huang et al., ICASSP 2014, and show that our proposal is computationally advantageous. Our approach performs classifications by using the one-vs-one scheme, which, under certain assumptions, reduces the costs of the one-vs-rest scheme by asymptotically a factor of c2 in training time and c in memory consumption. Here, c is the number of classes and it is typically on the order of hundreds and thousands for speech recognition. We demonstrate empirical results on the benchmark corpus TIMIT. In particular, the classification accuracy is one to two percentages higher (in the absolute term) than the best of the kernel methods and of the DNNs reported by Huang et al, and the speech recognition accuracy is highly comparable.
Autoimmunities: diseases of 'dysregulation'.

Although still commonly thought of in terms of disease, autoimmunity appears to be essential to the normal development and function of the immune system. Two prime examples of physiologic autoimmunity are covered: idiotypic reactions among antibodies and major histocompatibility complex restriction. Mechanisms by which physiologic autoimmunity may become pathologic are reviewed.
Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry II. Nosology: By Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas (Editors), Oxford University Press, 2012

Controversy about psychiatric disease categories is ubiquitous. Do fidgety young boys have a disease that goes by the name “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”? Should a person who grieves the death of a spouse be excluded from a diagnosis of depression? Are psychiatric disease categories coextensive with specific abnormalities of brain physiology? This book—a collection of fifteen chapters written by prominent figures in psychiatry and philosophy of psychiatry—addresses such questions of psychiatric nosology: the logic of psychiatric diseases.
Dynamic modulus and phase angle of warm-mix versus hot-mix asphalt concrete

Abstract Characteristics of dynamic modulus (| E ∗ |) and phase angle ( δ ) functions of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) are well known from years of laboratory tests and available models in the literature. On the other hand, the | E ∗ | and δ functions of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) are not well defined yet for reasons like relatively newer use in United States as well as manufactured by using various WMA technologies (e.g. foaming, Evotherm, Cecabase RT, etc.) which use different WMA agents. This study evaluates the effects of different WMA agents on the | E ∗ | and δ of asphalt concrete (AC). A control HMA and four WMA mixtures were collected from a plant with identical aggregate type and size distribution. The loose AC mixtures were then compacted, cored and sawed to cylindrical specimens for | E ∗ | and δ testing in the laboratory. Statistical evidence showed that WMA agents significantly affect the | E ∗ | and δ of AC mixture. The | E ∗ |-values of HMA and WMA are comparable at mid-range frequencies only, indicating that fatigue performances at operational temperature of WMA and its HMA counterpart may be similar. However, high temperature rutting and low temperature cracking may not be similar for WMA and its HMA counterpart.
Nontraumatic Lumbar Puncture

A technique and formula for avoiding the traumatic spinal tap is reported from the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Blind channel estimation in MIMO OFDM systems

Multiantenna wireless systems have shown great promise in achieving high rates. We consider an OFDM multiple transmit/receive antenna system. We propose a linear non-redundant block pre-coding scheme that is applied at the input of the OFDM system. The coding spreads the symbols of each user over all subcarriers, thus increasing multipath diversity, and at the same time introduces some structure to the transmitted symbols, which can be exploited at the receiver to estimate the channel within a complex scalar ambiguity. The precoding does not increase power.
Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty for painful dislocated hips in children with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Purpose Children with cerebral palsy often have musculoskeletal disorders involving the hip. There are several procedures that are commonly used to treat these disorders. Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty (PFIA) is an option for non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy who have a painful, spastic dislocated hip. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the results of PFIA by examining treatment outcomes, complications, and overall effects on the child and their caregiver. Methods Charts were reviewed over a 5-year period at our institution. The focus of the data collection was pain, range of motion (ROM), and overall clinical outcome. Clinical outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, and poor. Length of follow-up, presence of heterotopic ossification, femoral prosthesis migration, and information provided by competed caregiver questionnaires were analyzed. Results A total of 16 hips in 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. Average age at time of surgery was 12 years 1....
Copper sulfide nanodisk as photoacoustic contrast agent for ovarian tumor detection

Ultrasound is broadly used in the clinics yet is limited in early cancer detection because of its poor contrast between healthy and diseased tissues. Photoacoustic imaging can improve this limitation and has been extensively studied in pre-clinical models. Contrast agents can help improve the accuracy of diagnosis. We recently reported a novel copper sulfide (CuS) nanodisk with strong directionally-localized surface plasmon resonance in the near infrared region. This plasmonic resonance of nanodisks is tunable by changing the size and aspect ratio of CuS nanodisk. Here, we demonstrate this CuS nanodisk is a strong photoacoustic contrast agent. We prepared CuS nanodisks via a solvent-based synthesis followed by surface modification of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol for in vivo applications. These CuS nanodisks can be detected at a concentration as low as 26 pM at 920 nm. Their nanosize and strong photoacoustic response make this novel CuS nanodisk a strong candidate for photoacoustic cancer imaging.
Ali A. Mazrui (1933-2014) : A great man, a great scholar

In November 2012, Ali Mazrui wrote an article titled “Barack Obama: A great man, not yet a great president.” He said Barack Obama was a great man but we would have to wait and see if he would become a great president. That is a fair point, I think; but let me also venture to say this. We would not have to wait any longer to say Ali A. Mazrui was a great man and a great scholar. Now some reflections on this man of ideas—a beautiful mind. The mathematical genius depicted in the 2001 Oscars-winning eponymous movie is called “a beautiful mind”. And so was Ali A. Mazrui—a beautiful mind. It was this mind which inspired me to write my first book P aradig m Lost, Paradigm Regained: The W orldvie w of Ali A. Mazrui (2002), with a Foreword by Kazuto Suzuki, a rising Japanese academic/diplomat and former colleague of mine at the University of Tsukuba in Japan. So, here was an Ethiopian Oromo in Japan, writing his first book, about a Kenyan in the United States; and the Ethiopian had even never met the Kenyan before he wrote the book. Such was my passion for Mazrui’s scholarship—a passion which, now I understand, is shared by so many in Africa and around the world.
Tight metabolic control plus ACE inhibitor therapy improves GSD I nephropathy

The onset of microalbuminuria (MA) heralds the onset of glomerulopathy in patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I. Unlike tubulopathy, which responds to improved metabolic control, glomerulopathy in GSD I is considered refractory to medical intervention, and it is thought to inexorably progress to overt proteinuria and renal failure. Recent reports of reduced microalbuminuria following strict adherence to therapy counter this view. In contrast to type Ia, little is known regarding the prevalence of kidney disease in GSD Ib, 0, III, VI, and IX. Subjects were evaluated with 24-h urine collections between 2005 and 2014 as part of a longitudinal study of the natural history of GSD. ACE inhibitor therapy (AIT) was commenced after documentation of microalbuminuria. Elevated urine albumin excretion was detected in 23 of 195 GSD Ia patients (11.7%) and six of 45 GSD Ib (13.3%). The median age of onset of microalbuminuria in GSD Ia was 24 years (range 9–56); in GSD Ib it was 25 years (range 20–38). Of 14 with GSD Ia who complied with dietary and AIT during the study period, microalbuminuria decreased in 11, in whom metabolic control improved. All 135 patients with the ketotic forms of GSD (0, III, VI and IX) consistently had normal microalbumin excretion. Strict adherence to dietary therapy and maintenance of optimal metabolic control is necessary to halt the progression of GSD Ia glomerulopathy in patients treated with AIT. With optimal care, protein excretion can be reduced and even normalize.
Biostratigraphic evidence of human modification of high elevation aquatic ecosystems in the Intermountain West of the United States

Abstract High resolution analysis of subfossil chironomid remains preserved in well-dated lacustrine sediment cores was undertaken to identify whether marked shifts in chironomid assemblages have occurred in recent decades in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. This study will improve our understanding of site-specific aquatic ecosystem variability in the central Colorado Rockies during the 20th and early 21st centuries. An observed increase in chironomid taxa associated with warmer, more productive lakes, e.g. Dicrotendipes, is consistent with the movement of these lakes towards more productive aquatic systems in recent decades. The application of a chironomid-based inference model for mean July air temperature (MJAT) to the midge stratigraphies from these sites provide centennial length reconstructions of MJAT. The chironomid-inferred reconstructions of MJAT closely track gridded MJAT estimates for much of the 20th century; however, the response of the chironomid community is muted relative to the elevated temperatures that characterize this region during the last decade. Complementary analyses of sub-fossil chironomid records, previously developed from additional high elevation lakes located throughout the Intermountain West of the United States, indicate that the rate and magnitude of faunal turnover during the late 20th and early 21st centuries surpass the rate and magnitude of faunal turnover during any preceding interval in the last century. Direct gradient analyses reveal that the chironomid assemblages in the majority of sites became increasingly similar in composition to the assemblages associated with warmer, lower elevation sites between the early 20th and early 21st century.
Atypical Antipsychotic Exposure May Not Differentiate Metabolic Phenotypes of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Study objective Patients with schizophrenia are known to have higher rates of metabolic disease than the general population. Contributing factors likely include lifestyle and atypical antipsychotic (AAP) use, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify metabolomic variability in adult patients with schizophrenia who were taking AAPs and grouped by fasting insulin concentration, our surrogate marker for metabolic risk. Design Metabolomics analysis PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-four adult patients with schizophrenia who were taking an AAP for at least 6 months, with no changes in their antipsychotic regimen for the previous 8 weeks, and who did not require treatment with insulin, participated in the study. Twenty age- and sex-matched nonobese (10 subjects) and obese (10 subjects) controls without cardiovascular disease or mental health diagnoses were used to match the body mass index (BMI) range of the patients with schizophrenia to account for metabolite concentration differences attributable to BMI. Measurements and main results Existing serum samples were used to identify aqueous metabolites (to differentiate fasting insulin concentration quartiles) and fatty acids with quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography methods, respectively. To exclude metabolites from our pathway mapping analysis that were due to variability in weight, we also subjected serum samples from the nonobese and obese controls to the same analyses. Patients with schizophrenia had a median age of 47.0 years (interquartile range 41.0-52.0 years). Using a false discovery rate threshold of less than 25%, 10 metabolites, not attributable to weight, differentiated insulin concentration quartiles in patients with schizophrenia and identified variability in one-carbon metabolism between groups. Patients with higher fasting insulin concentrations (quartiles 3 and 4) also trended toward higher levels of saturated fatty acids compared with patients with lower fasting insulin concentrations (quartiles 1 and 2). Conclusion Our results illustrate the utility of metabolomics to identify pathways underlying variable fasting insulin concentration in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, no significant difference in AAP exposure was observed among groups, suggesting that current antipsychotic use may not be a primary factor that differentiates middle-aged adult patients with schizophrenia by fasting insulin concentration.
Tumor Antigens: Relationship to Histocompatibility Antigens

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses experimental results of the study conducted to study tumor antigens and the relationship to histocompatibility antigens. As the studies have revealed, tumor-associated antigens common to many tumors have been identified in animal systems where a single virus was known to be the oncogenic agent. Studies have also found evidence for individual specific antigens in addition to the common tumor-associated antigen in human melanoma. These factors block cell-mediated immunity, both in vivo and in vitro, in a specific way. They are 7S antibodies and could be eluted from tumors growing in vivo in animals and man. These eluates and also the blocking sera enhanced tumor growth in some animal systems. During experiments, “blocking factors” were found in the serum of tumor-bearing hosts in several animal and human tumor systems. The studies suggest that the interrelationships of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in determining the fate of tumors are complex and are only just beginning to be developed.
Self-Excited Oscillations of Structures by Particle Emission

This paper studies the self-excited oscillations of structures by alphaparticle emission. Alpha particles emitting from a source exert a smallmechanical force on the structure. This force is analogous to theso-called follower force which is known to cause structure flutter andcould be used as a source of mechanical power in MEMS devices. Wedevelop a dynamic model for the structure and study the stability of thestructure. The bifurcation analysis renders information about thepossible steady-states for different values of parameters. Depending onthe parameters, the structure can have stable buckled as well asunbuckled equilibria. Moreover, the model predicts stable limit cycleswhich correspond to stable flutter of the structure. Although it isdifficult to achieve the required mechanical force using alpha particleemission, the concept of generating mechanical oscillations throughejecting streams of gaseous or liquid jets is feasible.
The sacculotomy procedure.

In patients who have unilateral idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops with intractable, severe episodic vertigo and established sensorineural deafness that cannot be helped by a hearing aid, the Cody tack procedure is the conservative procedure of choice. Local anesthesia is used, morbidity is unusual, vertigo is controlled in almost 80% of patients, and hearing can be maintained or improved. The Cody tack procedure is superior to sacculotomy procedures in which the control of vertigo or hearing results is not as optimal.
Parvalbumin Cell Ablation of NMDA-R1 Leads to Altered Phase, But Not Amplitude, of Gamma-Band Cross-Frequency Coupling.

Abstract Altered gamma-band electrophysiological activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well documented, and analogous gamma-band alterations are recapitulated in several pr...
Perioperative Outcomes and Short-Term Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Chronically, Immunosuppressed Patients.

Background Although there are studies regarding immunosuppressed patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for inflammatory arthritis or osteonecrosis, there is a paucity of studies evaluating immunosuppressed patients undergoing TKA for diagnoses other than these. Materials and methods We identified all patients undergoing primary TKA for osteoarthritis from 2008-2014 in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. Overall, 111,624 patients were included. The immunosuppressed group consisted of 3,466 patients, and the control group included 108,158. Outcomes measured included operative time, lengths-of-stay, discharge destination, and 30-day complication rates. Univariate analysis was used to compare the outcomes. Multivariate regression analysis was then applied to determine if immunosuppression was an independent risk factor for differences in outcomes. Results Immunosuppressant use did not change operative time, lengths-of-stay, or discharge disposition. Immunosuppressed patients were at higher risks of developing the following surgical and medical complications: organ/space surgical site infection (SSI), wound dehiscence, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), and systemic sepsis. Return to the operating room and 30-day readmission were also significantly higher in the immunosuppressed group. Conclusions Patients taking chronic immunosuppressants and undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis are at higher risk of specific surgical and medical complications. These complications include organ/space SSI, wound dehiscence, DVT, pneumonia, UTI, and systemic sepsis. In addition, these patients were at increased odds of returning to the operating room and being readmitted.
Exploring the effects of structural inequality in an individual from 19th-century Chicago

Abstract The 19th century witnessed an expansion of medical colleges and the passing of anatomy laws limiting postmortem anatomical study to bodies of those deemed criminals or unclaimed. Rush Medical College, in Chicago, IL, chartered in 1837, likely trained their students on these marginalized individuals. This case study explores the accession records of an individual in the Field Museum of Natural History’s skeletal collection from Rush Medical College, and along with skeletal analysis investigates how the body reflects structural inequalities in life and death. The results of the analysis indicate that individual 1898.132.43855 was an adult male approximately 35–50 years old. Although labeled as having Chinese ancestry, FORDISC evaluation indicates that the individual was more likely of Vietnamese decent. Multiple healed fractures are evident indicating repeated trauma episodes throughout the individual’s life. Poor dental health is accompanied by a number of basic dental restorations. Through these analyses, the osteobiography of this individual is contextualized, and the physiological ramifications of social inequality during life and death is explored.
Developments in Russian Higher Education: Legislative and Policy Reform Within a Central and East European Context

Suite a l'eclatement de l'ancienne URSS, c'est le systeme educatif entier qui doit apprendre a gerer son autonomie. Prenant l'exemple des universites, l'A. souligne l'importance des reformes a organiser pour permettre l'accueil du nombre grandissant d'etudiants : structures d'accueil, financement, programmes d'enseignement.
A Decade of Hip Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiologic Study Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data.

Context The complex, high-energy nature of football puts players at risk for hip injuries. Objective To analyze National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program data for ...
The Aging Face

Changes occur to the skin, tissue, and bones of the face as we age. Part of providing aesthetic care is understanding the aspects of the aging face and what contributes to the loss of youthful features. The aesthetic practitioner can provide the patient with a rejuvenated appearance only after learning the fundamental aspects of aging including bone loss, tissue redistribution, and loss of subcutaneous fat.
Asymptomatic Balanced Double Aortic Arch Associated With Tetralogy of Fallot

Coexistence of asymptomatic balanced double aortic arch with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is extremely rare and represents a surgical dilemma in decision-making due to the lack of consensus on the man...
Systemic barriers and allyship in library publishing: A case study reminder that no one is safe from racism

As librarians and library publishers, we frequently engage in scholarly communication efforts that serve a social justice agenda. For example, at the University of San Francisco, we are proud to publish the International Journal of Human Rights Education, of which the latest issue is devoted to indigenous women in research. There are moments, however, when we are reminded that, despite our best efforts, we still operate in an educational and academic system that is rooted in white supremacy and colonialism. The following are examples of bias encountered by the University Library System, University of Pittsburgh’s (ULS) publishing program and others, as well as a discussion of the ways in which we as librarians and library publishers can push back against systemic injustices.
Compact expressions for R1ρ relaxation for N-site chemical exchange using Schur decomposition

Abstract The rotating-frame spin relaxation rate constant, R1ρ, is a powerful probe of macromolecular chemical and conformational dynamics in relaxation dispersion, CEST, and DEST NMR experiments. The R1ρ relaxation rate constant is given by the absolute value of the largest (least negative) eigenvalue of the Bloch-McConnell evolution matrix; however, estimation of this eigenvalue require inversion of 3 N × 3 N dimensional matrices, in which N is the number of interconverting sites or states for a given nuclear spin in a molecule. The Schur complement is used to reduce the problem of calculating the characteristic polynomial of a 3 N × 3 N matrix to that of calculating the characteristic polynomial of a 3 × 3 matrix. The resulting expressions for N-site chemical exchange are more numerically tractable, because the largest matrix inversion also is of dimension 3 × 3. In addition, the simplifications offered by the Schurr complement conveniently illustrate the effects of fast or slow kinetic steps within an N-site kinetic topology.
Diversity in Aβ deposit morphology and secondary proteome insolubility across models of Alzheimer-type amyloidosis

A hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) deposits that exhibit diverse localization and morphologies, ranging from diffuse to cored-neuritic deposits in brain parenchyma, with cerebral vascular deposition in leptomeningeal and parenchymal compartments. Most AD brains exhibit the full spectrum of pathologic Aβ morphologies. In the course of studies to model AD amyloidosis, we have generated multiple transgenic mouse models that vary in the nature of the transgene constructs that are expressed; including the species origin of Aβ peptides, the levels and length of Aβ that is deposited, and whether mutant presenilin 1 (PS1) is co-expressed. These models recapitulate features of human AD amyloidosis, but interestingly some models can produce pathology in which one type of Aβ morphology dominates. In prior studies of mice that primarily develop cored-neuritic deposits, we determined that Aβ deposition is associated with changes in cytosolic protein solubility in which a subset of proteins become detergent-insoluble, indicative of secondary proteome instability. Here, we survey changes in cytosolic protein solubility across seven different transgenic mouse models that exhibit a range of Aβ deposit morphologies. We find a surprisingly diverse range of changes in proteome solubility across these models. Mice that deposit human Aβ40 and Aβ42 in cored-neuritic plaques had the most robust changes in proteome solubility. Insoluble cytosolic proteins were also detected in the brains of mice that develop diffuse Aβ42 deposits but to a lesser extent. Notably, mice with cored deposits containing only Aβ42 had relatively few proteins that became detergent-insoluble. Our data provide new insight into the diversity of biological effects that can be attributed to different types of Aβ pathology and support the view that fibrillar cored-neuritic plaque pathology is the more disruptive Aβ pathology in the Alzheimer’s cascade.
Component-based System Reliability subject to Positive and Negative Correlation

Abstract Traditional system reliability modeling methods assume statistical independence of component failures, while past research emphasizes methods to characterize positive correlation and dependence. However, negative dependence and correlation are also important for system reliability and resilience modeling. This paper develops a method to assess the reliability of a system subject to arbitrary combinations of positive and negative correlation between the failures of its components. The method enables derivation of expressions composed of a vector of unequal component reliabilities and unequal pairwise component correlations. The method is illustrated through a sequence of examples, which conduct sensitivity analysis on correlation parameters of the model as well as quantify the impact of component correlations on system reliability. Coverage experiments formally assess the flexibility and scalability of the approach.
A survey of economics education at US community colleges

In order to increase the minimal knowledge about economics instruction at US community colleges we conducted a survey of instructors in May 2019. Although only 50 instructors responded to the invitation to participate, the survey offers preliminary insights about the economics curriculum and instructor characteristics. There appears to be widespread adoption of the OpenStax textbook Principles of Economics and minimal adoption of pluralist textbooks. Although most respondents believed they had significant or some scope to change the curriculum, they also registered some dissatisfaction with the current curriculum, noting the need for varied additions including behavioural economics, environmental economics, history of thought, and the study of income distribution. Respondents indicated a desire for greater respect by those working in four-year colleges and wanted more networking with the economics profession as well as financial support to attend conferences. Respondents identified increased use of online instruction and part-time instructors as worrisome trends, a majority believing both trends reduced student learning.
Standardization of post-operative antimicrobials reduced exposure while maintaining good outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients

Infections following orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) result in significant morbidity and mortality, warranting careful consideration of risks associated with antibiotic overuse and benefits of infection prevention. In the absence of specific guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in pediatric OLT, we developed a standardized approach to post-operative (post-op) antimicrobial therapy including 48 hours of antibiotics, no vancomycin for post-op fever within the first 48 hours, and caspofungin only for certain situations. The goal was to reduce antimicrobial utilization and adverse outcomes associated with longer duration of and broader treatment while maintaining good outcomes. The impact of this standardization on antimicrobial utilization and clinical outcomes at the largest pediatric liver transplant center in the United States is described. All individuals receiving an OLT from 1/1/17-9/30/17 (N = 38) and 3/14/18-12/13/18 (N = 27) were included in the pre-intervention (PreI) and post-intervention (PostI) groups, respectively. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in individuals receiving post-op broad-spectrum gram-negative antibiotics for >48 hours (76% PreI vs 44% PostI OLT recipients, P = .01) and post-op vancomycin use (50% PreI, vs 7.4% PostI, P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for post-op fever, positive pre-/post-operative cultures, receipt of massive transfusion, or hospital length of stay. In conclusion, following the implementation of a standardized approach to post-op prophylaxis, antimicrobial exposure was significantly reduced without affecting OLT recipient outcomes.
Quantifying Healthy Days Lost to the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMUPD) among a Sample of College Students

NMUPD remains a public health concern in the United States, especially among college students, and is associated with numerous poor health and economic consequences. This study aimed to quantify healthy days lost to the NMU of antidepressants, painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “Healthy Days” index. A web-based survey was sent to a random, stratified sample of full-time students ages 18–24 at a large Mid-Atlantic university (N = 494). Healthy Days were calculated among demographics and for users and non-users of each prescription drug class by adding the number of poor physical and mental health days in the 30 days and subtracting the total from 30. Females reported significantly (P < .0001) fewer healthy days (N = 208) compared with males (N = 265). Significant healthy days differences were also detected between individuals who reported the NMU of antidepressants (P < .001) compared to those who did not for both males and females and for NMU of any drug (P < .01) for females only, but not for painkillers, sedatives, or stimulants. Based on our results we estimate, on average, females report 57 fewer healthy days per year than males. Furthermore, we estimate females lose an additional 34 days each year owing to the NMU of any drug and an additional 62 days for the NMU antidepressants. For males engaged in the NMU of antidepressants, we estimate the loss of 82 days each year. Results indicate significant impairment for the NMU of antidepressants and for the NMU of any drug, representing a critical barrier toward reaching Healthy People 2030 goals.
Imaging of the corneal nerves ex vivo and in vivo using genetically-encoded calcium indicators

The morphology and histology of the corneal nerves in health and disease has been extensively studied, however, the function of these nerves has only been studied in a limited fashion with electrophysiology of the ciliary nerves or calcium reporter dyes in ex vivo corneas. Here, we present non-contact methods for imaging the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f in murine corneal nerves both in situ in ex vivo globes and in vivo. These tools have great potential to improve understanding of diseases of the corneal nerves and the development of therapies for diminished neural function.
The Role of the Physical and Social Environment in Observed and Self-Reported Park Use in Low-Income Neighborhoods in New York City

Physical and social environments of parks and neighborhoods influence park use, but the extent of their relative influence remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the physical and social environment of parks and both observed and self-reported park use in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We conducted community- (n = 54 parks) and individual-level (n = 904 residents) analyses. At the community level, observed park use was measured using a validated park audit tool and regressed on the number of facilities and programmed activities in parks, violent crime, stop-and-frisk incidents, and traffic accidents. At the individual level, self-reported park use was regressed on perceived park quality, crime, traffic-related walkability, park use by others, and social cohesion and trust. Data were collected in 2016-2018 and analyzed in 2019-2020. At the community level, observed park use was negatively associated with stop-and-frisk (β = -0.04; SE = 0.02; p < 0.05) and positively associated with the number of park facilities (β = 1.46; SE = 0.57; p < 0.05) and events (β = 0.16; SE = 0.16; p < 0.01). At the individual level, self-reported park use was positively associated with the social cohesion and trust scale (β = 0.02; SE = 0.01; p < 0.05). These results indicate that physical and social attributes of parks, but not perceptions of parks, were significantly associated with park use. The social environment of neighborhoods at both community and individual levels was significantly related to park use. Policies for increasing park use should focus on improving the social environment of parks and surrounding communities, not only parks' physical attributes. These findings can inform urban planning and public health interventions aimed at improving the well-being of residents in low-income communities.