cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric methods for analysis of oligosaccharides in human milk

Establishing the analytical platforms for characterizing human milk oligosaccharides is important to fully assess their specific functionalities. The characterization of these biomolecules, however, is still considered challenging, owing to their overall complexity and diversity. Addressed here are the technical difficulties with an emphasis on the application of mass spectrometry to rapidly profile and quantify human milk oligosaccharides. Fundamental concepts and improvements in instrumentation and an overview of the biological functions and structures of these compounds are also discussed. Results reveal that small-chain oligosaccharides, evident in abundance in the early stage of lactation, are selectively consumed by specific stains of Bifidobacterium longum biovar, infantis.
Scintillation mechanisms in cerium fluoride

Abstract Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, optical transmission, fluorescence excitation spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the scintillation mechanisms of cerium fluoride (CeF 3 ) and of lanthanum fluoride doped with cerium in concentrations between 0.01 and 50 mol% cerium. In LaF 3 :Ce, the absorption of either optical or ionizing radiation directly or indirectly results in excitation of the Ce 3+ 4f electron to the lowest 5d level followed by 5d→4f fluorescence at 284–300 nm. Whereas for optical excitation the fluorescence has a 20 ns decay time, for ionizing radiation there is an additional faster (2–10 ns) initial decay component. As the cerium concentration increases, another band appears that partially absorbs the 284–300 nm emission and re-radiates it in a broad band peaking at 340 nm and having a longer (∼30 ns) decay time. In the limit of 100% CeF 3 , radiation trapping is very pronounced. The additional absorption and emission bands present at large Ce concentrations are attributed to Ce 3+ ions in perturbed sites. The relative efficiency for excitation of unperturbed and perturbed cerium sites via the Ce 3+ 5d and 6s bands, the F - 2p valence band, and the Ce 3+ or La 3+ 5p core levels are determined from fluorescence excitation spectra.
Summit russet : A new russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing qualities

Summit Russet (A84118-3), the result of the cross A77236-6 x TND329-1Russ, was released in 2003 by the USDA/ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The vines of Summit Russet are erect, with very thick stems, large yellowish-green leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are tan, with medium russet skin, long-flattened shape, a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and moderately prominent pith. Tuber dormancy is very long. Summit Russet was compared with Russet Burbank in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. In general, Summit Russet produced similar or lower total yields than did Russet Burbank, but higher U.S. No. 1 yields. In Idaho variety trials, Summit Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, blackspot bruise, and stem-end discoloration, and moderate susceptibility to hollow heart and shatter bruise. In comprehensive product quality evaluations, Summit Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and similar for baked potato quality. French fry quality was retained after long-term storage. In replicated disease trials, Summit Russet was found to have good resistance to common scab, early blight tuber rot, and Verticillium wilt, and moderate resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, foliar PLRV, PVX, PVYo, and bacterial soft rot. Biochemical analysis of Summit Russet tubers showed them to be higher in total solids and sucrose, and lower in dextrose than those of Russet Burbank. Tuber glycoalkaloid concentration as measured from tubers produced in 1994–1996 trials was 6.7 mg 100 g1.
Development of U-frame bending system for studying the vibration integrity of spent nuclear fuel

Abstract A bending fatigue system developed to evaluate the response of spent nuclear fuel rods to vibration loads is presented. A U-frame testing setup is used for imposing bending loads on the fuel rod specimen. The U-frame setup consists of two rigid arms, side connecting plates to the rigid arms, and linkages to a universal testing machine. The test specimen’s curvature is obtained through a three-point deflection measurement method. The tests using surrogate specimens with stainless steel cladding revealed increased flexural rigidity under unidirectional cyclic bending, significant effect of cladding-pellets bonding on the response of surrogate rods, and substantial cyclic softening in reverse bending mode. These phenomena may cast light on the expected response of a spent nuclear fuel rod. The developed U-frame system is thus verified and demonstrated to be ready for further pursuit in hot-cell tests.
Growth factors in the aqueous humor and their therapeutic implications in glaucoma and anterior segment disorders of the human eye

The presence of growth-promoting substances in the aqueous humor has been suspected for the past decade, but it has been only during the last 2 years that the existence of growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factorp, transferrin, and insulin-like growth factors in the aqueous humor has been demonstrated. The structures that border the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye syn- thesize some of these growth factors and release them into the aqueous humor. A breakdown of the blood-aqueous-barrier increases the amounts of growth factors and may also bring platelet-derived growth factor, nerve growth factor, and interleukin-6 into the aqueous humor. Growth factors maintain the normal function of ocular tissues in health and have a significant role in the pathogenesis and possible management of several disorders of the eye. The outcome of the pathogenetic process and its modulation are determined by a complex coordination and interactions of the growth factors in the aqueous humor and their eventual effect on the target tissues. We discuss the therapeutic implications of growth factors and their antagonists in the treatment of certain disorders of the anterior segment of the eye, including rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, sand wound after filtration Surgery.
Information Literacy: Essential Skills for the Information Age

Information literacy (IL) is the set of skills and knowledge that allows us to find, evaluate, and use the information we need, as well as to filter out the information we don’t need. IL skills are the necessary tools that help us successfully navigate the present and future landscape of information. Information and technology affects every person in every possible setting—work, education, recreation. This paper offers an overview of IL focusing on three contexts for successful IL learning and teaching: (i) the information process itself, (ii) technology in context, and (iii) implementation through real needs in real situations. The author covers conceptual understandings of IL, the range of IL standards and models, technology within the IL framework, and practical strategies for effective IL skills learning and instruction in a range of situations. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.28.2.166
Beyond the local-density approximation in calculations of ground-state electronic properties

Justification, as extensive as is possible, is given for our previously published nonlocal approximation for exchange and correlation. Some new exact limits for atoms and interfaces are obtained, as well as formal quantitative criteria for the validity of the local-density approximation and the gradient corrections to it. The scheme is applied to planar surface calculations, as well as to extensive self-consistent calculations of energies and densities in atoms. The results compare favorably, in every case attempted, to experimental and exact results that are available. A method is devised for separating exchange from correlation in atoms within the Kohn-Sham method, and is tested favorably against exact-exchange calculations. Finally, we apply these results to atoms using exact exchange plus our appropriately separated correlation expression. The results give atomic total energies to accuracies of \ensuremath{\sim}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 Ry, and typically reduce the local-density-approximation error in density by an order of magnitude.
Declining fecundity and factors affecting embryo quality in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the Bay of Fundy

Recent perturbations in ecosystem and environmental dynamics in the habitat of the American lobster have led to increases in abundance, with unprecedented high landings in some regions. Despite the...
Changes in acoustic characteristics of the voice across the life span: measures from individuals 4-93 years of age.

Purpose The purpose of the present investigation was to examine acoustic voice changes across the life span. Previous voice production investigations used small numbers of participants, had limited...
Geochemistry and tectonic significance of proto‐ophiolitic metamafic units from the Serbo‐Macedonian and western Rhodope massifs (Bulgaria‐Greece)

Dispersed Triassic (?) metamafic rocks occurring in the Serbo‐Macedonian and western Rhodope massifs of southern Bulgaria and northern Greece are important crustal components of early Mesozoic oceanic crust formation in the Tethyan realm. The Volvi and Therma metamafic bodies of the Serbo‐Macedonian Massif and metamafic rocks at Rila Mountain of the western Rhodope Massif consist mainly of gabbros and basalts that show a strong overprint of Alpine amphibolite‐facies metamorphism and deformation. Only clinopyroxenes in the Volvi body represent preserved primary phases. High‐Ti and low‐Ti groups have been identified geochemically within the metamafic rocks. The incompatible trace‐element and REE‐enriched high‐Ti group displays an E‐MORB signature consistent with a rift‐spreading centre tectonic setting; in contrast, the low‐Ti group exhibits geochemical features largely comparable to the high‐Ti group as well as HFSE and REE depleted compositions and an arc‐related signature. Comparison with Triassic rift‐r...
Optimal design of electromechanical devices using a hybrid finite element/air-gap element method

This paper contributes a mathematical framework for rotating electric machine optimal design. The proposed method utilizes a hybrid finite element/air-gap macro-element method, with steepest descent optimization. In particular, the air-gap element is advantageous for torque optimization, since it directly yields a smooth magnetic field function in the air-gap and an analytic expression for torque, based on the magnetic potential solution at the vertices of the finite element mesh. The sensitivity of an arbitrary objective function with respect to changes in geometric design parameters can be used in the steepest descent method. For illustration purposes, the optimization process is applied to a simple electromagnet for torque maximization.
Synthesis and characterization of siloxane-containing poly(urea oxamide) segmented copolymers

Abstract An unprecedented family of segmented polydimethylsiloxane poly(urea oxamide) (PDMS-UOx) copolymers displayed thermoplastic elastomeric behavior with improved thermomechanical properties compared to PDMS polyurea (PDMS-U) analogs. A two-step, PDMS end-capping sequence using diethyl oxalate and hydrazine generated difunctional oxamic hydrazide capped oligomers. Polymerization with HMDI provided high molecular weight copolymers, which yielded elastomeric films with monodisperse hard segments. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of PDMS-UOx copolymers revealed a broad, rubbery plateau that extended for >180 °C. The PDMS-UOx service window extended ∼120 °C further than a PDMS-U analog, presumably due to enhanced hydrogen bonding and concomitant microphase separation. DSC and WAXD elucidated the amorphous morphology of PDMS-UOx, and DMA, SAXS, and AFM confirmed a well-defined microphase-separated morphology. Incorporation of urea oxamide groups significantly affected microphase separation and thermomechanical properties, and these copolymers offer impact in adhesive and biomedical technologies due to low temperature reaction conditions for unique hydrogen bond containing segmented copolymers.
Applying an attitude-behavior consistency model to research in library and information science

Abstract This article examines the application of the Fishbein and Ajzen model of attitude-behavior consistency to research in library and information science (LIS). The components of the model are explained, two examples of LIS research are presented, and there is a brief review of areas in LIS that could benefit from attitude-behavior consistency research.
What is ‘Catholic Enlightenment’?

Recent research has demonstrated not only the existence of a variety of Enlightenments, but also the importance of the religious aspect to this worldwide process. In particular, special interest has been paid to the long-neglected Catholic Enlightenment, which entailed many strands of thought by Catholic intellectuals and political leaders who attempted to renew and reform Catholicism from the middle of the 18th to the early 19th century. This renewal was an apologetic endeavor designed to defend the essential dogmas of Catholic Christianity by explaining their rationality in modern terminology and by reconciling Catholicism with modern culture. The Catholic Enlightenment was in dialog with contemporary culture, not only by developing new hermeneutical approaches to the Council of Trent or to Jansenist ideas, but also by implementing some of the core values of the overall European Enlightenment process that tried to ‘renew’ and ‘reform’ the whole of society, and thus truly deserves the label Enlightenment.
KINETICS OF SILICIC ACID UPTAKE AND RATES OF SILICA DISSOLUTION IN THE MARINE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA1,2

SUMMARY Tracer techniques using the stable isotope 30Si were used to measure rates of silicic acid uptake and silica dissolution in silicon replete and silicon depleted populations of 2 clones of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heimdal. Uptake kinetics were describable using the Michaelis-Menten equation for enzyme kinetics, and no threshold concentration for uptake was evident. The maximum specific uptake rate of the estuarine clone 3H (0.062–0.092 · h−1) was higher than that of the Sargasso Sea clone 13-1 (0.028–0.031 · h−1), but half-saturation constants for uptake by the 2 clones were not measurably different (0.8–2.3 μM for 3H; 1.4–1.5 μM for 13-1). There was little or no light dependence of uptake in populations grown under optimal light conditions prior to the experiment. Exponentially growing populations released silicic acid to the medium by dissolution of cellular silica at rates ranging from 6.5 to 15% of the maximum uptake rate.
Wiggler as spin rotators for RHIC

The spin of a polarized particle in a circular accelerator can be rotated with an arrangement of dipoles with field mutually perpendicular and perpendicular to the orbit. To achieve spin rotation, a given field integral value is required. The device must be designed in a way that the particle orbit is distorted as little as possible. It is shown that wigglers with many periods are suitable to achieve spin rotation with minimum orbit distortions. Wigglers are also more compact than more established structures and will use less electric power. Additional advantages include their use for nondestructive beam diagnostics. Results are given for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the polarized proton mode. >
Single- and dual-feedback transimpedance amplifiers implemented by SiGe HBT technology

Monolithically integrated SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) transimpedance amplifiers, with single- and dual-feedback configurations, have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The single-feedback amplifier showed transimpedance gain and bandwidth of 45.2 dB/spl Omega/ and 3.2 GHz, respectively. The dual-feedback version exhibits improved gain and bandwidth of 47.4 dB/spl Omega/ and 3.3 GHz, respectively. Their performance characteristics are excellent in terms of their application in communication systems.
Monitoring Hydrological Performance of Green Infrastructure Stormwater Controls

The Louisville Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) has entered into a Consent Decree Agreement with U.S. EPA to reduce the number and volume of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) from the existing combined sewer system (CSS). As an aspect of this agreement MSD is using green infrastructure (GI) stormwater controls to reduce CSOs. The initial phase of the project is implementing GI controls in a small urbanized neighborhood (28 acres) in Louisville, KY in lieu of a planned concrete retention basin. In December 2011, two permeable interlocking concrete pavement (ICP) controls were constructed. To quantify surface infiltration and subsurface exfiltration performance each control was embedded with time domain reflectometers (TDRs), thermistors, and piezometers. To predict the hydrological performance of the GI controls, a spreadsheet model is developed by utilizing each control’s drainage area, hydraulic conductivity values for surrounding soil layers, and dimensions of each GI control. The model calculates the inflow and outflow volumes and predicts the water level inside the control for each rain event. Hydrological performance is defined as a GI control’s ability to capture the runoff volume (infiltration capacity) and then pass captured volume into the underlying soil layers (exfiltration performance). The model’s predicted water levels are compared to the recorded water levels by the embedded pressure transducers. The developed model predicts the ideal performance of the GI control and compares it to recorded data. This assessment technique works to quantify the progression of clogging at the surface and within the infiltration gallery. This model provides a method for monitoring the hydraulic performance of the GI controls over time.
Validating a striking new species endemic from New Caledonia: Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov. (Pandanaceae) and its monospecific section: Pandanus Parkinson sect. Bernardia B.C.Stone ex Callm., sect. nov.

A distinctive new species, Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov., endemic from New Caledonia, is described. The new species differs from other members of the genus in by the ornamentation of its drupes and the arrangement and shape of its stigmas. The species was already recognized by both H.St. John and B.C. Stone but was never validly published. The monospecific section: Pandanus Parkinson sect. Bernardia B.C.Stone ex Callm., sect. nov., validated here, is required to accommodate the unique morphology of the new species. Line drawings are provided for the new species, along with discussions of its morphological affinities and preliminary assessment of extinction risk following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
A propósito de mesotelioma pleural

En el embrion el mesotelio es un tejido constituido por una capa de celulas que se derivan del mesodermo y recubre el celoma o sea la cavidad corporal del embrion. En el adulto es el epitelio simple que cubre todas las membranas serosas verdaderas (peritoneo, pericardio y pleura)1
Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of 22 Clinical Measures Associated With Lower Quarter Malalignment

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of a broad range of techniques commonly used to assess the lower quarter. Methods A test-retest single group design was used to investigate the intrarater and interrater reliability of 22 lower quarter evaluation measures. Two raters conducted each measure twice on a total of 18 unimpaired subjects with an average age of 23.7 years. This study was conducted in the Human Performance Research laboratory in a university setting. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess reliability of continuous variables, and weighted κ was used to assess nominal or ordinal results. Results Side differences were not found ( P > .05); thus, data for right and left legs were pooled (n = 36) where applicable. Intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted κ results ranged from a low of 0.06 to a high of 0.99. Intrarater reliability results were generally higher than interrater reliability results. Conclusion Many of the clinical measures demonstrated good overall reliability. For those tests where acceptable intrarater and interrater reliability cannot be demonstrated, additional training of raters, modification of the technique, or elimination of the technique's use should be considered.
Channel-Aware Detection of Gray Hole Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks

Gray hole attacks (a.k.a selective forwarding attacks) are a special case of denial of service (DoS) attack, where a misbehaving mesh router just forwards a subset of the packets it receives but drops the others. In wireless networks, it is particularly hard to detect the presence of such attackers because a packet loss over the wireless link can be due to bad channel quality, medium access collisions, or intentional dropping. In contrast to existing studies, we propose a more practical algorithm known as channel aware detection (CAD) that adopts two strategies, hop-by-hop loss observation and traffic overhearing, to detect the mesh nodes subject to the attack. We derive the optimal detection thresholds by analyzing the false alarm and missed detection probabilities of CAD. We also compare our approach to existing solutions and demonstrate that CAD detects the attackers effectively even in harsh channel conditions.
Laboratory bioassays to estimate the lethal and sublethal effects of various insecticides and fungicides on Deraeocoris brevis (Hemiptera: Miridae).

ABSTRACT This laboratory bioassay focused on lethal and sublethal effects of five insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, novaluron, and lambda-cyhalothrin) and two fungicide treatments (sulfur and a mixture of copper hydroxide and mancozeb) on the predatory mired bug, Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Miridae) using second instars and adult males and females. Formulated pesticides were tested using concentrations that were equivalent to the high label rate (1x) (high rate) and 1/10th of that amount (0.1x) (low rate) dissolved in 378.5 liters of water. Lambda-cyhalothrin was highly toxic to D. brevis nymphs and adults at both rates, whereas both rates of novaluron were highly toxic to nymphs. Cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and novaluron were less toxic to adults, and chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram were less toxic to nymphs. Both rates of spinetoram caused significant mortality to adults. Fecundity of adult females was affected negatively by the high rates of eithe...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a critical role in hypoxia-induced CD133+ progenitor cells self-renewal and stimulates their accumulation in the lungs of pulmonary hypertensive rats.

Although hypoxia is detrimental to most cell types, it aids survival of progenitor cells and is associated with diseases like cancer and pulmonary hypertension in humans. Therefore, understanding t...
Model discrimination of polynomial systems via stochastic inputs

Systems biologists are often faced with competing models for a given experimental system. Unfortunately, performing experiments can be time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, a method for designing experiments that, with high probability, discriminate between competing models is desired. In particular, biologists often employ models comprised of polynomial ordinary differential equations that arise from biochemical networks. Within this setting, the discrimination problem is cast as a finite-horizon, dynamic, zero-sum game in which parameter uncertainties in the model oppose the effort of the experimental conditions. The resulting problem, including some of its known relaxations, is intractable in general. Here, a new scalable relaxation method that yields sufficient conditions for discrimination is developed. If the conditions are met, the method also computes the associated random experiment that can discriminate between competing models with high probability, regardless of the actual system behavior. The method is illustrated on a biochemical network with an unknown structure.
Synapses of horizontal connections in adult rat somatosensory cortex have different properties depending on the source of their axons.

In somatosensory cortex (S1) tactile stimulation activates specific regions. The borders between representations of different body parts constrain the spread of excitation and inhibition: connections that cross from one representation to another (cross-border, CB) are weaker than those remaining within the representation (noncross border, NCB). Thus, physiological properties of CB and NCB synapses onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons were compared using whole-cell recordings in layer 2/3 neurons close to the border between the forepaw and lower jaw representations. Electrical stimulation of CB and NCB connections was used to activate synaptic potentials. Properties of excitatory (EPSPs) and inhibitory (IPSPs) postsynaptic potentials (PSP) were determined using 3 methods: 1) minimal stimulation to elicit single-fiber responses; 2) stimulation in the presence of extracellular Sr2+ to elicit asynchronous quantal responses; 3) short trains of stimulation at various frequencies to examine postsynaptic potential (PSP) dynamics. Both minimal and asynchronous quantal EPSPs were smaller when evoked by CB than NCB stimulation. However, the dynamics of EPSP and IPSP trains were not different between CB and NCB stimulation. These data suggest that individual excitatory synapses from connections that cross a border (CB) have smaller amplitudes than those that come from within a representation (NCB), and suggest a postsynaptic locus for the difference.
Complex Immune Cell Interplay in the Gamma Interferon Response during Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite of clinical importance, especially in immunocompromised patients. Investigations into the immune response to the parasite found that T cells are the primary effector cells regulating gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-mediated host resistance. However, recent studies have revealed a critical role for the innate immune system in mediating host defense independently of the T cell responses to the parasite. This body of knowledge is put into perspective by the unifying theme that immunity to the protozoan parasite requires a strong IFN-γ host response. In the following review, we discuss the role of IFN-γ-producing cells and the signals that regulate IFN-γ production during T. gondii infection.
Athletic virtue: Between east and west

Despite the rich philosophical heritage of the East, the connection between athletics and education for character or virtue is more commonly associated with the West. Classical Eastern philosophy does focus on virtue, but it seems to exclude sport as a means of cultivation since the Confucian is uninterested in victory and the Daoist seeks passivity and avoids contention. A closer look reveals, however, that Eastern conceptions of virtue have much in common with those of Ancient Greece so often linked to sport. Combining research in the history and philosophy of sport with analysis of such texts such as the Analects of Kongzi (Confucius), Laozi's Daodejing, Plato's Republic and Epictetus's Handbook, this paper argues that the enlightened practice of sport has the potential to cultivate qualities common both to de and aretē. The fact that sport was linked to virtue in Ancient Greece but not Ancient China derives from different ideas about social prestige more than different conceptions of ethical education...
“Getting placed” in time: Responsibility talk in caseworker-client interaction

This study describes one caseworker’s construction of responsibility through her interactions with three homeless clients in an urban homeless shelter, revealing the significant impact of the shelter, shelter policy, and personal contexts on the construction of responsibility in talk. It explores how responsibility is constructed through a series of discursive choices, including deontic modality, personal pronouns, expressions of time and space, and accounts. These discursive choices expose the ways in which the caseworker’s responsibility talk changes depending on the category of client. Specifically, the study compares the caseworker’s responsibility talk with an undocumented homeless client to her responsibility talk with long-term staying clients. Given policy mandates to place long-term clients (in shelter nine months or longer) more quickly, responsibility talk with these clients as they near the nine-month benchmark is more aggressive. The study shows how the caseworker’s talk with the new undocumented client surprisingly resembles her talk with the long-term clients nearing the nine-month benchmark. She discursively treats this new undocumented client like persisting ones. ‘Imagined time’ and ‘imagined space’ are introduced to aid in describing the projected, future non-compliance of a new undocumented client as established in the caseworker’s responsibility talk.
The Effects Of The Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor UNC0638 Upon Gamma Globin Gene and Protein Expression Are Erythroblast Differentiation Stage Specific

Epigenetic modification of chromatin in erythroid cells represents an active field of study aimed, in part, toward increased expression of fetal hemoglobin in patients with beta-thalassemia. The homologous methyltransferases G9a and GLP regulate globin gene transcription by catalyzing mono- and dimethylation at Lys 9 and dimethylation at Lys 27 of histone H3. Inhibition of these methyltransferases by the small molecule named UNC0638 was recently shown to increase gamma-globin gene expression in adult human hematopoietic precursor and stem cells. Here UNC0638 was explored further to include fetal hemoglobin expression among more mature erythroid cells cultured from CD34(+) cells of three healthy adult human donors in a serum-free culture medium. According to this culture model, the main erythroblast population on culture days 0-7 consists of CD36(+), CD45(+), CD71(moderate), CD235a(-) erythroid progenitor cell. On culture days 7-14, the progenitor cells differentiate in the presence of erythropoietin to become CD36(+), CD45(-), CD71(high), CD235a(+) precursor cells. During the final week in culture, the erythroblasts undergo nuclear condensation, enucleation, and loss of RNA combined with the loss of CD36 and CD71 on the plasma membrane to become mature erythrocytes. To investigate different stages of erythroblast maturation, the cells were cultured in medium containing 1µM UNC0638 for periods of seven days (culture days 0-7, 7-14, or 14-21) and compared to control cultures without UNC0638. The effects of UNC0638 were determined by flow cytometry, Q-RT-PCR and hemoglobin chromatography (HPLC). Unexpectedly, fetal hemoglobin expression was highly-dependent upon the differentiation stage of the cells in the presence of UNC0638. When cultured in UNC0638 supplemented medium on culture days 0-7 or 14-21, the cells underwent terminal maturation, but there was no significant increase in the fetal hemoglobin content of the mature cells (see abstract figure). In contrast, UNC0638 added on culture days 7-14, caused a significant increase in fetal hemoglobin (HbF; control: 3.9 ± 3.5% vs. day 7-14 UNC0638: 32.6 ± 0.95%, p=0.007). The increase in HbF was associated with a similar increase in gamma-globin mRNA (control: 1.5E+06 ± 1.7E+05 copies/ng vs. day 7-14 UNC0638: 7.5E+06 ± 1.4E+06 copies/ng, p=0.021). Additionally, terminal maturation and enucleation were partially inhibited when compared to the other conditions or controls. These data suggest that UNC0638 causes a robust increase in fetal hemoglobin as the cells undergo maturation. Fetal hemoglobin increases were more pronounced after exposure to UNC0638 during the erythropoietin-dependent transition from CD235a(-) to CD235a(+) erythroblasts. The results suggest that fetal hemoglobin regulation by G9a and GLP may be differentiation stage dependent. ![Figure][1] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: pending:yes
The use of statistics in experimental physics

Most mathematicians are aware of the importance of statistics in biological sciences, business, and economics, but are less aware that statistics is used every day in experimental physics. This pap...
The type III conspiracy of the Feynman amplitude

For a certain class of Feynman amplitudes with elementary-particle exchange it is shown that the type III conspiracy occurs without referring to the Reggeization. In order to see the behavior of the pion conspiracy such a class of amplitudes is studied in detail under the assumption of the Van Hove-Durand procedure. It is shown that, for the pion trajectory to be type III, the conventional expansion of the scattering amplitude in terms of the propagator should be revised in two respects. i) One must include the propagator for particles withM≥1 (M being the smallest spin in the irreducible representation of the Lorentz group to which the particle belongs). This is different from most discussions where propagators are constructed only forM=0. ii) One must consider the mixing betweenM=0 andM≠0 representations.
The relationship of impulsiveness to psychoticism and extraversion in elderly psychiatric patients.

(1992). The Relationship of Impulsiveness to Psychoticism and Extraversion in Elderly Psychiatric Patients. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 126, No. 4, pp. 443-444.
Abstract A24: Resveratrol-induced and MTA1-associated miRNAs in prostate cancer prevention

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men in Western countries. Since noticeable geographic variations have been observed in the incidence of PCa, studies have implicated a “Western” diet in the development of PCa. Because of this and the nature of PCa, which is typically diagnosed in the elderly population wth a relatively slower rate of growth and progression, chemoprevention through dietary compounds promises to be an effective approach for PCa. Resveratrol (Res) (3,5,4’-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a natural compound found in grapes, peanuts and berries, is one of the most promising diet-derived chemopreventive agent with potential chemotherapeutic capacities. There is growing evidence that Res may contribute to chromatin remodeling that are important in cancer progression. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), which is overexpressed in many cancer, is a part of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex that mediates posttranslational modifications of histones and nonhistone proteins resulting in transcriptional gene silencing. The complex also contains histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1 and 2). MTA1/HDAC1 subunit plays an essential role in governing deacetylation of histones and other proteins. We recently demonstrated that Res down-regulated MTA1 protein levels in PCa cells, leading to destabilization of MTA1/HDAC1/NuRD complex thus allowing acetylation and activation of tumor suppressor p53. MTA1 silencing by RNA interference further sensitized PCa cells to Res-dependent p53 acetylation, transcriptional activation of p21 and Bax and apoptosis. To further understand Res-induced MTA1-associated epigenetic alterations, we analyzed MTA1-associated and Res-induced microRNAs expression changes using LNCaP cells expressing and silenced for MTA1. We found that expression of 13 miRNA was increase, and 17 miRNAs was decreased in cells silenced for MTA1 gene. In addition, 28 miRNAs were overexpresed, and 23 miRNAs were degreased under Res treatment. Among these miRNAs were some with well-characterized cancer association, such as let-7g, miR-16-2, miR-26a, miR-20b, miR-27a, miR-22, miR-34a, miR-92 and others. The predicted targets for the overlapping miRNAs are significantly enriched for protein-coding oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Our data indicate that MTA1-associated miRNAs are involved in Res-mediated anticancer and preventive effects in prostate cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A24.
TUNNELING MECHANISM IMPLICATIONS FROM AN STM STUDY OF H3C(CH2)15HC=C=CH(CH2)15CH3 ON GRAPHITE AND C14H29OH ON MOS2

The observations reported herein confirm that the bright spots in high-resolution STM images of adsorbed alkanes and alkanols are predominantly due to the electronic and topographic structure of th...
Assessment of The Pesticide Residue Status in Agricultural Products and The Growing Environments in Yingcheng City

[Objective]To understand the pesticide residue status of agricultural products and growing environment in Yingcheng City, and provide evidence for government to develop relevant policies.[Methods]A total of 622 samples of 10 categories of agricultural products and their growing environments were collected in yingcheng during April 2007 to July 2008, 21 kinds of pesticide residue tests in 4 categories were conducted according to the national standards.[Results]The detection rate of pesticide residue was 19.61%, and 8.68% exceeded the limit of state standards. The descending order of detection rates was pork rice general vegetable tea fish rape oil soil surface water well water and lotus root. The contents of pesticide residue differed significantly in the same kind of agricultural products; Between different kinds, the differences were significant(χ2=130.2 5,P0.01); the content differences of related samples between different cultivation scales were significant(χ2=225.80,P0.01), pesticide residue content related with the drug supervision in production process.[Conclusion]The serious status of pesticide residue in agricultural products in Yingcheng suggests that the production of green agricultural products needs large-scale production and strict supervision.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

Ninety-nine patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) received HLA-identical bone marrow transplants (BMTs) from sibling donors after preparation with high doses of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Forty-nine patients were transplanted in first complete remission (CR), and 50 patients were transplanted in second and third CR and early relapse. Fifty-three received one of three regimens containing primarily low-dose cyclophosphamide (group I) for graft-v-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis; since March 1983, 46 patients received intravenous (IV) cyclosporine (group II). After December 1983, only cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative blood products were used in appropriate patients, and since April 1984 patients seropositive for herpes-simplex virus (HSV) and CMV received high-dose acyclovir prophylaxis. For patients transplanted in first CR, there was a significantly lower incidence of acute GVHD (P = .005) and deaths related to GVHD and interstitial pneumonitis (P = .001) in patients in group II. This was reflected in an improved Kaplan-Meier probability of disease-free survival (DFS) in the 22 patients transplanted in group II as compared with the 27 patients in group I (64% +/- 10% v 30% +/- 9%, P = .017). The probability of remaining in remission was slightly lower in group II (82% +/- 9% v 94% +/- 6%, P = .479). For patients transplanted in second and third CR and early relapse, the incidence of acute GVHD (P = .026) and deaths related to GVHD and interstitial pneumonitis was significantly lower in group II (P = .029); the probability of remaining in remission was also less (47% +/- 15% v 91% +/- 15%, P = .022). However, the probability of DFS was not significantly different between the two groups (26% +/- 10% v 35% +/- 18%, P = .957). We conclude that transplantation for patients in first CR who received IV cyclosporine therapy is effective treatment; patients with more refractory disease treated with the same cyclosporine regimen (group II) had a lower incidence of GVHD than those treated in group I, but survival did not improve because of an increase in the number of relapses and other nonleukemic complications.
A Two-Stage Fault Detection and Isolation Platform for Industrial Systems Using Residual Evaluation

Fault detection and isolation (FDI) is an important part of modern industrial systems, and plays a vital role in maintainability, safety, and reliability of process. We propose a novel FDI architecture based on a predictive model for fault-free process. We use the least-square support vector machine for identifying a nonlinear system and detecting its faults that may occur. Wavelet analysis on residual is used for fault isolation. An average accuracy of 95% has been achieved for all the abrupt faults of the well-known development and application of methods for actuator diagnosis in industrial control systems benchmark.
Repeat Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Surgical resection of hepatic metastatic disease from colorectal cancer offers the best survival advantage when compared to other treatment modalities as survival from unresected disease is rare. Even after adequate surgical excision of colorectal cancer, 20–40 % of patients will develop recurrent disease to the liver. This chapter discusses the management of patients with recurrent colorectal metastases to the liver after initial resection and offers strategies to optimize and guide their treatment with a multimodality approach.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry

This chapter presents the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and its biomedical applications. In the area of biological microanalysis, SIMS is but one of many techniques available. Although all of these techniques are useful in obtaining information on the distribution of elemental constituents, analytical electron microscopy (AEM) often provides the least sensitivity for trace levels. For studies involving isotope tracer work (both stable and radioactive), mass spectrometry-based techniques are clearly superior because they are inherently based on isotopic analysis. The nuclear microprobe is able to provide only modest sensitivity for the detection of isotopes using the Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The principal contribution of SIMS to the biomedical community has thus far been in addressing questions of physiological importance (for example, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and glaucoma). These applications, which require the unique combination of high spatial sensitivity and low detection limits in many instances, can be approached by few methods other than SIMS. The ability to resolve both hot and stable isotopes for any element expands the range of potential SIMS applications. The use of SIMS as a tool for therapeutic and diagnostic applications is an exciting new area of work. It is the result of an increasing awareness within the biomedical community of the advantages of SIMS.
Bootstrap Variance Estimation for Rejective Sampling

ABSTRACTReplication procedures have proven useful for variance estimation for large scale complex surveys. As an extension of bootstrap procedures to rejective samples, we define a bootstrap sample that is a rejective, unequal probability, replacement sample selected from the original sample. A modification of the bootstrap with improved performance is suggested for stratified samples with small stratum sizes. Simulations for Poisson and stratified rejective samples support the use of replicates in estimating the variance of the regression estimator for rejective samples.
A New Crinoid Genus from the Middle Devonian of Iowa, USA (Camerata, Melocrinitidae)

Abstract. This study describes a new genus of melocrinitid crinoid from the Middle Devonian, Givetian Stage, of Iowa (subclass Camerata, family Melocrinitidae). The specimen described is assigned to Ronsocrinus gen. nov. within the family Melocrinitidae. Ronsocrinus rabia gen. et sp. nov. possesses a long heteromorphic column, small calyx plates with raised stellate patterns and a well-developed, long anal tube. Species within the family Melocrinitidae do not commonly possess a long anal tube or a spherical cup shape and the family diagnosis is expanded to include species with these characteristics.
Ion Permeation Mechanism in TRPV6 Ca2+ Channel

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels function as sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli and are vitally important players in regulation of key biochemical processes in a variety of cells. TRPV5 and TRPV6 subtypes of TRP channels are the main Ca2+ entry channels in epithelia Their pores are selective for Ca2+ and permeable for a variety of monovalent and divalent cations. An exact mechanism of Ca2+ permeation and selectivity through the TRPV5/6 ion channels is unknown. Recently, a crystal structure of the TRPV6 channel, the first high-resolution structure of a TRP channel, has been solved in complex with different ions bound in the channel pore [1]. Analysis of the structure suggested that Ca2+ permeates TRPV6 channel by a knock-of mechanism. We have created a fully atomistic model of the trans-membrane (TM) domain of the TRPV6 channel in lipid and water, and performed molecular dynamics simulations of Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Gd3+ ion permeation through the selectivity filter of this channel. As a result, our MD simulations directly demonstrate the key features of ion permeation through TRPV6 channel pore. In particular, at low calcium concentrations, we observed interplay of Na+ and Ca2+ permeation that follows the knock-off mechanism. We also compare Ca2+ permeation with permeation of Ba2+ and channel block by Gd3+.1. Saotome, Kei, Singh, A. K., Yelshanskaya, M. V., Sobolevsky, A. I. (2016) Crystal structure of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. Nature 534, 506-511
Computational steering for geosimulations

Geosimulations using computer simulation models provide researchers an effective way to study complex geographic phenomena and their outcomes. These simulations allow for scenario based exploration by capturing spatial and temporal relationships between various geographic processes in a region. However, current approaches to geosimulation limit manipulating model input and exploring alternative scenarios by controlling the simulation model at runtime. This paper proposes a computational steering system for geosimulation models and presents a prototype, tFUTURES, developed for the FUTURES Urban Growth Model (UGM). By allowing tangible inputs and implementing mechanisms to control model execution, this system solves the problem of lack of user-interactivity experienced at runtime. We develop a web interface and leverage the WMS, WFS-t and WPS OGC services to help visualize, modify and execute geosimulations. We define new steering controls within this interface and implement application checkpointing, allowing a user to provide new steering input and execute steering actions that can pause, advance or rollback a geosimulation and display the model outcomes in near real-time.
Queering biology, gutting feminism: A review essay of Gut Feminism by Elizabeth A. Wilson (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015)

The author reviews Elizabeth A. Wilson's Gut Feminism (2015), arguing that Wilson's book productively challenges some of feminist theory's most entrenched presuppositions: that social, cultural, an...