cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure Cooperative Data Downloading in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose a secure cooperative data downloading framework for paid services in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In our framework, vehicles download data when they pass by a road side unit (RSU) and then share the data after they travel out of the RSU's coverage. A fundamental issue of cooperative data downloading is how vehicles effectively share data with each other. We develop an application layer data sharing protocol which coordinates the vehicles to relay data for sharing according to their positions. Such coordinated sharing can avoid collisions in the medium access control (MAC) layer and the hidden terminal issue in multi-hop transmissions. A salient feature of the proposed sharing protocol is that it can guarantee the receipt of the requested data file for each applicant vehicle passing a road side unit. Moreover, we also address security and privacy issues in the process of data downloading and sharing, ensuring applicants' exclusive access to the applied data and privacy of the vehicles involved in the application. We carry out NS2 simulations to thoroughly examine the performance of the proposed cooperative downloading protocol implemented over an 802.11p based VANETs.
Predictors of Use of Traditional Korean Healers Among Elderly Koreans in Los Angeles

Many ethnic groups are known to use traditional healers often in conjunction with Western biomedical medicine, thus combining treatment regimens and medical advice as they see fit. Awareness of the use of traditional healers is an increasingly salient issue due to the growing diversity and aging of the U.S. population. To explore the determinants of use of traditional healers, we studied demographics, health status, and social support networks of a representative sample of elderly Koreans in Los Angeles County, California. The results revealed that chronic conditions such as arthritis, lung disease, and stomach pain, fewer depressive symptoms, availability of health insurance, and stronger social networks were significant predictors of use of traditional healers. Better understanding reasons for and patterns of health care use may enhance the delivery of care to the heterogeneous elderly population by preventing potential treatment complications and increasing health providers' cultural sensitivity.
Survival in the elderly after pneumonectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a comparison with nonoperative management.

Background Short-term outcomes of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life after pneumonectomy worsen with increasing age. The impact of age on long-term outcomes has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of patient age on long-term survival after pneumonectomy for early-stage non−small cell lung cancer. Study Design Overall survival (OS) of patients who had a pneumonectomy for stage I to II non−small cell lung cancer in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program registry from 1988 through 2010 was evaluated using multivariable and propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Age was stratified as younger than 50 years, 50 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years, and 80 years and older. Pneumonectomy patients' OS was compared with matched patients who refused surgery and underwent radiation therapy (RT). Results Pneumonectomies comprised 10.8% of non−small cell lung cancer resections in 1988, but only 2.9% in 2010. Overall, 5-year OS of 5,701 pneumonectomy patients was 49.8% (95% CI, 45.3−54.8%) for patients younger than 50 years, 40.5% (95% CI, 38.8−42.2%) for patients 50 to 69 years, 28.9% (95% CI, 26.6−31.5%) for patients 70 to 79 years, and 18.8% (95% CI, 14.2−24.8%) for patients 80 and older (p Conclusions Survival after pneumonectomy for stage I to II non−small cell lung cancer decreases steadily with patient age. The incremental benefit of pneumonectomy vs RT in matched patients is less in patients older than 70 years than in younger patients, although outcomes with pneumonectomy are superior to RT in all age groups. Patients should not be denied pneumonectomy based on age alone, but careful patient selection in elderly patients is essential to optimize survival.
Minimal model semantics for nonmonotonic modal logics

Intuitively clear Kripke-style semantics for nonmonotonic modal logic are provided. Minimal model semantics is defined, and soundness and completeness of the semantics for nonmonotonic modal logics are proved. It is shown how the semantics looks for some most popular or most interesting modal logics. Applications to finding expansions and comparing nonmonotonic logics based on different monotonic modal logics are presented. A few examples of using the semantics for obtaining intuitively clear proofs of some results of nonmonotonic modal logics are given. >
Power delivered to mechanical systems by random vibrations

This paper develops deformational response power descriptions of multiple degree-of-freedom systems due to stationary random vibration excitation. Two new concepts are developed. The deformational response power density (DRPD) can be computed when a structure's natural frequencies and modal masses are available. The DRPD shows the spectral content of the deformational power delivered to a specific structure by the stationary, random excitation. This function can be found through a weighted windowing of the power spectrum of the input acceleration excitation. Deformational response input power spectra (DRIPS), similar to the input energy spectrum and shock response spectrum, give the power delivered to single-degree-of-freedom systems as a function of natural frequency. It is shown that the DRIPS is simply a smoothed version of the power spectrum of the input acceleration excitation. The DRIPS gives rise to a useful power-based data smoothing operation.
The effects of structured, multi-level documentation

The effects of general global documentation, detailed step-by-step documentation, and combined global and detailed documentation were examined for high, medium, and low experienced students. The 198 students in this study used a word-processing program to complete two problems during a two-hour session. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that both general time measures for reading documentation and completing problems as well as the student users' reactions to the documentation, the program, and the computer system were affected by either the type of documentation, the level of experience, or both of these factors.
Identification of Muscidifurax spp. by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region was used to differentiate Mzmcidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) species which are parasitoids of filth fly pupae. Three restriction enzymes, Dpn 11, Mse I, and Tag I, produced restriction patterns which were diagnostic for the four species analyzed, M. raptor, M. raptorellus, M. unimptor, and M. zaraptor. Seven other restriction enzymes were able to differentiate one or more of the species and can be used alone, or in combination with other enzymes, to verify identifications. No intraspecific variation was observed among the populations examined. The utility of the PCR-RFLP technique compared with other moIecuIar and biochemical diagnostic pro
THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOOD IRRIGATION IN WATER SUPPLY TO WETLANDS IN THE LARAMIE BASIN, WYOMING, USA

Abstract As in many areas of western North America, flood irrigation for hay production has created many wetlands in the Laramie Basin, Wyoming. Since the early 1900s, water from mountain snowmelt has reached wetlands via ditches and as interflow and ground water percolating from flooded fields and unlined ditches. Such systems are viewed as inefficient for irrigation and other human uses because they reduce the volume and increase the salinity of downstream flows. Increasing irrigation efficiency by lining ditches or installing sprinklers would decrease wetland habitat, but such effects are seldom considered. To assess potential impacts of increased irrigation efficiency, we determined how flood irrigation affects the hydrology and types of wetlands in the Laramie Basin. For 74 wetlands with 80 total inflows, just 14% of inflows were as surface flow from natural stream channels. In contrast, 65% of inflows were directly from irrigation: 30% as surface flow from ditches and 35% as interflow percolating fr...
Exploring the Toolkit of Emotion: What Do Sadness and Anger Do for Us?

What do negative emotions do for people? We present a framework that defines the function of emotions as the degree to which discrete emotions result in better outcomes in particular types of situations. Focusing on sadness and anger, we review evidence related to the situations that elicit these emotions; the cognitive, physiological, and behavioral changes associated with the emotions; and the extent to which these changes result in demonstrably better outcomes in the type of situation that elicits the emotion. Sadness is elicited by perceived goal loss without possibility of restoration given current abilities and is associated with deliberative reasoning, reduced physiological activity, and behavioral expression. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that sadness can permit coping with loss, and that expression of sadness can recruit others to assist in goal attainment. Anger is elicited by perceived goal loss that can be prevented if an obstacle is overcome and is associated with heuristic reasoning, increased physiological activity, and behavioral expression. There is evidence that expression of anger prompts others to remove themselves as obstacles, and preliminary evidence that anger can promote overcoming obstacles and goal attainment. Like precision tools, specific emotions are best utilized to resolve particular problems.
A note on יתר for Qoheleth

This article provides a linguistic survey of the Hebrew root יתר. It specifically examines how יתר is used in the book of Qoheleth. After careful consideration, it advances the novel thesis that the author of Qoheleth may have been using the negative sense of יתר as "poor remainder" or "deficit" (some 95 times in the Hebrew Bible) without denying its positive sense. This unique approach views the use of יתר in Qoheleth as a running play on words with the commercialism/ materialism in the book, as well as in relation to the rhetorical question "what profit?" and the negative הבל evaluations.
Microfluidic technologies for yeast replicative lifespan studies

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism for the study of aging for over 50 years. In this time, the canonical aging experiment-replicative lifespan analysis by manual microdissection-has remained essentially unchanged. Recently, microfluidic technologies have been developed that may be able to substitute for this time- and labor-intensive procedure. These technologies also allow cell physiology to be observed throughout the entire lifetime. Here, we review these devices, novel observations they have made possible, and some of the current system limitations.
TOWARD AN IMPROVED EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR LONGSHORE SAND TRANSPORT

This paper presents results of two field experiments performed using portable traps to obtain point measurements of the longshore sand transport rate in the surf zone. The magnitude of the transport rate per unit width of surf zone is found to depend on the product of the local wave height and mean longshore current speed, but correlation is much improved by including two correction terms, one accounting for local wave energy dissipation and the other for the fluctuation in the longshore current. The field transport rates are also found to be compatible with laboratory rates obtained under combined unidirectional and oscillatory flow. Total transport rates previously reported for this experiment program are revised with recently determined sand trapping efficiencies.
Somaesthetics and Care of the Self: The Case of Foucault

L'A. attribue a Foucault la these d'une esthetique somatique qui caracterise sa philosophie comme art de vivre. Examinant l'approche systematique de la philosophie a l'oeuvre dans la conception du souci de soi, l'A. repond aux objections sensualistes, hedonistes et narcissiques opposees au pragmatisme reconstructif de Foucault.
Temperature Effects on Development and Fecundity of Oligonychus pratensis (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Development, oviposition, and mortality rates for Banks grass mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) feeding on blue grama grass, Bouteloua gracitis (H.B.K.) Griffiths, were measured at constant temperatures of 19, 25, and 31°C. Complete life tables were computed from these data for each of the three temperatures. Developmental, survival, and ovipositional curves are given in both tabular and graphical form. It is apparent that the optimum temperature for O. pratensis is greater than 31°C. Population growth rate for O. pratensis feeding on blue grama was similar to that previously reported for populations feeding on sorghum and barley.
Fasting acid output and plasma gastrin in conscious monkeys.

SummaryThe level of circulating gastrin does not correlate with the fasting acid secretion in conscious monkeys. One young monkey demonstrated high plasma gastrin levels at very low levels of fasting acid secretion.
Studies on Copper Metabolisn: II. Hematologic Manifestations of Copper Deficiency in Swine

1. A total of 70 swine were fed a diet consisting only of evaporated cow’s milk. Copper and iron were added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Iron only was added to the diet of 46 of the pigs. Copper only was added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Four pigs received neither iron or copper. 2. The animals deficient in copper developed skeletal abnormalities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia, an increase in the iron-binding capacity of the plasma, hypocupremia and reduced erythrocyte copper as well as tissue copper. No abnormality in porphyrin metabolism was observed and tissue as well as erythrocyte catalase activity was not significantly reduced. Following the administration of copper, the blood of the animals was rapidly and completely restored to normal. 3. The animals deficient in iron developed a severe microcytic, hypochromic anemia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia and an increase in the total iron-binding capacity of the plasma. No abnormality in copper or porphyrin metabolism was observed in these animals except for a slight elevation in the plasma copper level and a marked increase in liver copper. 4. The animals deficient in both copper and iron developed all of the manifestations noted in the copper-deficient pigs. These changes occurred more rapidly and to a greater degree than in the swine with a deficiency of either element alone. 5. The morphologic and biochemical similarities between anemia due to copper deficiency and anemia due to iron deficiency suggest that in copper-deficient swine there is an abnormality in the metabolism of iron and that, furthermore, the anemia may be the consequence of this abnormality.
Study on effect of selenium and zinc against DNA damage in mouse ameloblasts

[Objective]To investigate the protective effects of selenium and zinc against DNA damage in mouse ameloblasts.[Methods]The mouse ameloblasts were treated with sodium selenite at the doses of 2.50,5.00,10.00μmol/L,and zinc sulfate at the doses of 5.00,10.00 and 20.00μmol/L respectively.After exposed 24 h,the single cell gel electrophoresis assay(SCGE) was used to measure the DNA damage in mouse ameloblasts.[Results]The tail length,olive tail moment,DNA% and tail / head length ratio of sodium selenite group at the doses of 2.50,5.00μmol/L were lower than those of the control group in mouse ameloblasts(P 0.05).Selenium at the dose of 10.00μmol/L sodium selenite could significantly decrease the value of the tail length and tail / head length ratio compared with the control(P 0.05).Compared with the control,zinc at the doses of 5.00,10.00 and 20.00 μmol / L zinc sulfate could significantly decreased the tail length and olive tail moment in mouse ameloblasts(P 0.05),the tail / head length ratio was significantly decreased in 5.00 and 10.00 μmol / L zinc sulfate group(P 0.05).Selected olive tail moment as observation indicator,the protective effects of selenium at the doses of 2.50 and 5.00μmol/L sodium selenite were better than that of 10.00 μmol / L sodium selenite,and also 10.00 and 20.00μmol/L zinc sulfate better than that of 5.00 μmol/L zinc sulfate,especially for 10.00μmol/L sodium selenite.[Conclusion]It is suggested that selenium at the dose of 2.50-10.0μmol/L sodium selenite and zinc at the dose of 5.00-20.00 μmol / L zinc sulfate can inhibit DNA damage in mouse ameloblasts respectively,especially for 2.5 μmol / L sodium selenite and 10.00 μmol / L zinc sulfate.
Reliability of AIDS knowledge scales: Conceptual issues

A common approach to evaluating the reliability of AIDS knowledge scales has relied on the demonstration of internal consistency through the use of Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20) or coefficient alpha. In this study, the argument was made that, in a knowledge-based scale with diverse content (exemplified by AIDS knowledge scales), internal consistency does not make sense conceptually and underestimates the scale's true reliability. It was therefore hypothesized that a split-half approach, in which items in each half were matched for content, would provide superior estimates of reliability when compared to either KR-20 or an odd-even split-half approach. Reliability analyses performed on a knowledge scale developed by the author supported this hypothesis.
Polarized-Light Vision in Land and Aquatic Animals

Polarized light is abundant in nature. While humans and many other vertebrates are insensitive to it, the visual systems of most animals respond to and use light's polarization. Polarization sensitivity is possible because visual pigment molecules naturally absorb polarized light differentially, depending on its plane of polarization. Both vertebrates and invertebrates use this property in their polarized-light receptors. Sensitivity to polarized light is used for orientation in natural polarized-light fields in air and underwater, and some flying insects use polarization reflections to locate bodies of water. Many species actually image polarized-light objects, using this for predation, object recognition, and signaling.
Random Light Beams: Theory and Applications

Random Light Beams: Theory and Applications contemplates the potential in harnessing random light. This book discusses light matter interactions, and concentrates on the various phenomena associated with beam-like fields. It explores natural and man-made light fields and gives an overview of recently introduced families of random light beams. It outlines mathematical tools for analysis, suggests schemes for realization, and discusses possible applications. The book introduces the essential concepts needed for a deeper understanding of the subject, discusses various classes of deterministic paraxial beams and examines random scalar beams. It highlights electromagnetic random beams and matters relating to generation, propagation in free space and various media, and discusses transmission through optical systems. It includes applications that benefit from the use of random beams, as well as the interaction of beams with deterministic optical systems.• Includes detailed mathematical description of different model sources and beams• Explores a wide range of man-made and natural media for beam interaction • Contains more than 100 illustrations on beam behavior• Offers information that is based on the scientific results of the last several years • Points to general methods for dealing with random beams, on the basis of which the readers can do independent researchIt gives examples of light propagation through the human eye, laser resonators, and negative phase materials. It discusses in detail propagation of random beams in random media, the scattering of random beams from collections of scatterers and thin random layers as well as the possible uses for these beams in imaging, tomography, and smart illumination.
Sulfonated Polyethylenimine for Photosensitizer Conjugation and Targeting

Polysulfonated macromolecules are known to bind selectins, adhesion membrane proteins which are broadly implicated in inflammation. Commercially available branched polyethylenimine (PEI) was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to generate sulfonated PEI with varying degrees of sulfonation. Remaining unreacted amine groups were then used for straightforward conjugation with pyropheophoribide-a, a near-infrared photosensitizer. Photosensitizer-labeled sulfonated PEI conjugates inhibited blood coagulation and were demonstrated to specifically bind to cells genetically programmed to overexpress L-selectin (CD62L) or P-selectin (CD62P). In vitro, following targeting, selectin-expressing cells could be destroyed via photodynamic therapy.
Bilbo as Sigurd in the Fairy-Story Hobbit (1920–1927)

In Chap. 3, “Bilbo as Sigurd in the Fairy-Story Hobbit (1920–1927),” Tolkien composes The Hobbit as a fairy-story, in the light of his regard for Andrew Lang’s paradigmatic Victorian fairy-story of the northern hero Sigurd. Fairies (=Elves) and the magic associated with them in this redacted fairy-story are based on the Volsungasaga, which Tolkien recreated in his own Legend of Sigurd. Guided at least implicitly by his overarching and developing legendarium, he reshapes the Old Norse story of Sigurd in his own eucatastrophic Hobbit via his own definitions of the fairy-story: comic antihero Bilbo queers the tragic Sigurd while he engineers a cosmic and peaceful solution to the problem posed by the dragon Smaug and the enmity between Men and Dwarves.
Effects of Stress and Morphine on Natural Killer Cell Activity and on Mammary Tumor Development

At the time we began our investigations of the modulation of immune function and tumor development by neural and endocrine opioid systems, several findings suggested that this was a reasonable avenue to explore. For example, focal electrical stimulation of an opioid-rich brain region was found to increase tumor growth (Brechner et al., 1983; Simon et al., 1980), specific brain lesions alter immune functions (Cross et al., 1982; Stein et al., 1982), and immune responses have been correlated with changes in brain neural activity (Besedovsky et al., 1983). Also, evidence was accumulating from in vitro studies that opioids influence the functioning of the immune system (for reviews see Plotnikoff and Miller, 1983; Weber and Pert, 1984). It was our intent to use environmental stressors as stimuli for activating endogenous opioid systems and observe their effects on tumor development and immune competence. Examination of the literature pertaining to the effects of stress on these processes, however, presented us with a somewhat confusing picture. This literature contained a host of seemingly contradictory results: stress can either enhance, suppress, or not affect tumor development or immune function (e.g. Jensen, 1968; Newberry and Sengbush, 1979; Nieburgs et al., 1977; Riley, 1981; Sklar and Anisman, 1981).
MIMO-RSFT radar: A reduced complexity MIMO radar based on the Sparse Fourier Transform

Despite their advantages, MIMO radars have not seen a massive deployment. One of the main limitations of the MIMO radar is its implementation cost, stemming from the large number of transmit and receive radio frequency channels, and the high data throughput that results in costly digital signal processing (DSP). This paper proposes MIMO-RSFT radar, a MIMO radar which employs the Realistic Sparse Fourier transform (RSFT) and achieves reduced DSP complexity. Slow-time and fast-time coded waveforms are investigated in the context of the MIMO-RSFT radar. The key steps of deriving the optimal detection thresholds for the MIMO-RSFT radar in 3-D are provided, and the feasibility of the MIMO-RSFT radar is demonstrated via simulations.
Pain Assessment in Older Adults

Pain is a common experience for many older adults. Significant efforts have been undertaken to address and improve the assessment of pain in older adults over the past 2 decades. There have been many empirical studies and several expert panel statements to guide health care providers in the best practices for assessing pain in this population. This article provides a conceptual model that summarizes causes and consequences of pain and highlights the relationship between acute and persistent pain. Recommendations for pain assessment tools, including those developed for use in cognitively impaired elders, are presented.
What might have been and could still be: the Trans-Pacific Partnership’s potential to encourage an open internet and digital rights

ABSTRACTHerein I asses the implications for the Internet, digital rights, and digital trade of US abandonment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership or TPP. I focus on how the agreement attempts to regulate issues at the intersection of cross-border information flows and human rights. I focus on four chapters of the TPP. I show that these chapters may help internet users and policy-makers advance internet openness and make it harder for officials to restrict information flows but only in those cases where doing so would have a trade impact. TPP also contains transparency requirements that could bring much needed sunshine, due process, and increased political participation to trade (and internet related) policy-making in TPP countries such as Malaysia.However, TPP’s ability to limit censorship and filtering is limited. First, not all information flows are cross-border and hence subject to trade rules. Second, these agreements provide clear exceptions that allow governments to restrict information flows when they...
Study of Wind and PV Frequency Control in U.S. Power Grids—EI and TI Case Studies

Renewable generations, such as variable-speed wind and photovoltaic (PV) power plants, have been expected to contribute to power systems’ frequency response. This paper studies wind and PV power plants’ frequency control in the U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI) and Texas Interconnection (TI). Wide-area frequency measurement-validated EI and TI dynamic models and realistically projected renewable distribution information make these two case studies much more practical than previous studies based on only small test system models. A set of wind and PV power plant frequency controls, such as inertia control and governor control, are employed. This paper serves as a practical guidance on how to implement wind and PV frequency controls in a bulk power system with a high renewable penetration.
A low-noise reconfigurable full-duplex front-end with self-interference cancellation and harmonic-rejection power amplifier for low power radio applications

A low-power radio analog front-end which includes a self-interference (SI) cancellation circuit and a harmonic-rejection power amplifier (HRPA), is proposed to reduce the interaction between a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), to enable full-duplex operation. A prototype TSMC device demonstrates more than 30dB SI cancellation over a 4MHz BW and a PA 3rd and 5th harmonic reduction of 30dB and 15dB, respectively. The SI cancellation circuitry occupies an active area of 131×112.5μm2, consumes 0.25mW from a 1.2V supply and degrades the RX NF by less than 0.6dB.
Seven Deadly Sins Resulting From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Seven Forbidden Words.

Recently, it was reported that Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff were advised to avoid using the following 7 words in budget documents: “vulnerable,” “entitlement,” “diversity,...
Cold Steel Surgery

Any surgical procedure will produce a scar, but the goal of the dermatologist must be to produce the most cosmetically acceptable scar possible. The authors review the basic concepts and techniques needed to achieve this goal.
Summary and Implications of the Research

In Chapter 1, we described research since the early 1970s that is relevant to understanding decision making by crime victims. There we argued that prior research on crime-victim decision making suggested that (1) individual difference variables are not significant predictors of the decision to report; (2) social influence is an important factor in the decision making of bystanders; and (3) crime seriousness is an important predictor of reporting. Beginning with Chapter 2, we presented in some detail our own multi-method research program. Our studies focused on factors affecting victims’ decision to call the police, but we also investigated victims’ long-term reactions to the crime and their ability to recall details of the event and to recognize the individual suspected of committing the crime. In this final chapter, we summarize the consistent results across studies and then turn to the research and policy implications of our investigations.
Initial Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Role of Thoracoscopic Therapy

The management of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is complicated by the many clinical settings in which it occurs and the lack of accepted guidelines for management. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in persons without obvious underlying lung disease with a reported incidence of 7.4 to 18/100,000 per year for men and 1.2 to 6/100,000 per year for women. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) complicates an underlying lung disease, most often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a reported incidence similar to that of PSP. Because of the additional presence of the patient’s underlying lung disease, SSP is considered a potentially life-threatening event, while PSP is rarely life threatening. In this chapter, we will focus on the possible role of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) as first-line therapy for patients presenting with their first episode of PSP, in contrast to the traditional approach of initial nonoperative management with surgical therapy reserved only for recurrent PSP. We will also briefly discuss the limited role of VATS as initial therapy for patients presenting with their first episode of SSP.
What is the Right Thing to Say? Agreement among Perceivers on the Supportiveness of Statements

AbstractMost social support theory implies that there are objectively supportive people and statements. Yet there is little agreement among perceivers that some people are more supportive than others. Nonetheless, there might be better agreement regarding supportive statements. In three studies, children, college students, and members of a clinical training program rated the supportiveness of specific statements presented by text or video. Agreement among perceivers accounted for only 11% of the variance (range = 8%–12%). Perceivers disagreed because of their traitlike perceptual biases, as well as perceivers’ idiosyncratic tastes. Implications for social support theory were discussed.
The Impact of Religious Freedom Laws on Destination Image

Religious Freedom Laws (RFL), aimed at prohibiting laws that burden a person’s freedom of religion, have become a source of contention in the United States. Drawing on boycott literature, this arti...
Gender differences in nurse practitioners: job satisfaction and patterns of care.

Background Although workforce diversity has been cited as an important workforce issue, the contemporary U.S. nurse practitioner (NP) workforce is dominated by females. Provider diversity, specifically gender, has been found to directly influence patient preference. However, lack of gender diversity in the NP workforce has never been specifically evaluated in terms of job satisfaction and patterns of care. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate NP gender, job satisfaction and practice patterns of care for U.S. clinical NPs. Methods This study used the 2012 National Sample Survey of Nurse Practitioners (NSSNP). Participants meeting inclusion criteria totaled 8,978 NPs, of which 92.8% were female. Results Although overall job satisfaction was not shown to be significantly different between genders, several patterns of care were found to be significant. Of the 11 measured patterns of care in the NSSNP, six were significantly different between genders, with a female majority indicating that they performed these services most often. In only one rendered service, performed medical procedures, did male NPs indicate that they did more than females. Implications for practice This study suggests the importance of a gender-diversified U.S. nurse practitioner workforce. This is indicated by differences highlighted in patterns of care by NP gender, which has been postulated to influence patient outcomes, including perceived quality of care and engagement in the health care process. Patient preferences for same-gender NPs, particularly patients with privacy issues, warrant further exploration.
Simultaneous tractography and elastography imaging of the zone-specific structural and mechanical responses in articular cartilage under compressive loading.

We quantified the precise zonal cartilage structural and mechanical responses to unconfined compressive loading by using simultaneous PSOCT based optical tractography and elastography imaging. Twelve bovine knee articular cartilage samples from six animals were imaged under bulk compression from 4% to 20%. The results revealed strong evidence that the conventional radial zone could be divided into two sub-zones with distinct mechanical properties. The “upper” part of the radial zone played a critical role in “absorbing” the mechanical compression. The study also showed that the zonal fiber organization greatly affected the cartilage structural and mechanical responses. A strong correlation was observed between the optical birefringence and logarithm of the Young’s modulus. These new results provide useful information for improving mechanical modeling of articular cartilage and developing better cartilage-mimetic biomaterials.
Frequency of appropriate lab monitoring of oral chemotherapy in an outpatient setting.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to understand the frequency of appropriate laboratory monitoring of oral chemotherapy at the Eastern Colorado Health Care System (ECHCS) compared to recommendations ...
Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap in Breast Reconstruction

Autologous breast reconstruction is considered by many to be the most optimal means of reconstruction both in terms of patient satisfaction and reconstructing the breast with the most natural feel and appearance that remains durable with time. The abdomen remains the most popular donor site; however, the abdominal tissue can be harvested in a number of different ways. A traditional full muscle transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous (TRAM) flap can be harvested both as a pedicle and a free flap but sacrifices the entire muscle. Variations on the theme have evolved to preserve as much of the muscle as possible in order to limit the donor site morbidity. The muscle-sparing TRAM and the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps are based on the deep inferior epigastric vessels with variable amounts of muscle and fascia preservation. However, the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap is yet another modification that does not violate the muscle or fascia at all and is based off the superficial system. The SIEA flap has distinct advantages and disadvantages compared to flaps based off the deep inferior epigastric pedicle, but remains a reasonable and viable option for autologous free flap breast reconstruction in the properly selected patient.
Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Triflates

A mild visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H arylation of amides is reported. The method operates by cleavage of a C(sp2 )-O bond, leading to hybrid aryl Pd-radical intermediates. The following 1,5-hydrogen atom translocation, intramolecular cyclization, and rearomatization steps lead to valuable oxindole and isoindoline-1-one motifs. Notably, this method provides access to products with readily enolizable functional groups that are incompatible with traditional Pd-catalyzed conditions.
Physicochemical Property Correlations with Ionization Efficiency in Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI).

The relative contributions to ionization efficiency by three molecular chemical properties have been examined for field-free and field-enabled capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI...
Clarifying causal mediation analysis for the applied researcher: Effect identification via three assumptions and five potential outcomes

Causal mediation analysis is complicated with multiple effect definitions that require different sets of assumptions for identification. This paper provides a systematic explanation of such assumptions. We define five potential outcome types whose means are involved in various effect definitions. We tackle their mean/distribution's identification, starting with the one that requires the weakest assumptions and gradually building up to the one that requires the strongest assumptions. This presentation shows clearly why an assumption is required for one estimand and not another, and provides a succinct table from which an applied researcher could pick out the assumptions required for identifying the causal effects they target. Using a running example, the paper illustrates the assembling and consideration of identifying assumptions for a range of causal contrasts. For several that are commonly encountered in the literature, this exercise clarifies that identification requires weaker assumptions than those often stated in the literature. This attention to the details also draws attention to the differences in the positivity assumption for different estimands, with practical implications. Clarity on the identifying assumptions of these various estimands will help researchers conduct appropriate mediation analyses and interpret the results with appropriate caution given the plausibility of the assumptions.
Amagmatic hydrothermal systems on Mars from radiogenic heat.

Long-lived hydrothermal systems are prime targets for astrobiological exploration on Mars. Unlike magmatic or impact settings, radiogenic hydrothermal systems can survive for >100 million years because of the Ga half-lives of key radioactive elements (e.g., U, Th, and K), but remain unknown on Mars. Here, we use geochemistry, gravity, topography data, and numerical models to find potential radiogenic hydrothermal systems on Mars. We show that the Eridania region, which once contained a vast inland sea, possibly exceeding the combined volume of all other Martian surface water, could have readily hosted a radiogenic hydrothermal system. Thus, radiogenic hydrothermalism in Eridania could have sustained clement conditions for life far longer than most other habitable sites on Mars. Water radiolysis by radiogenic heat could have produced H2, a key electron donor for microbial life. Furthermore, hydrothermal circulation may help explain the region’s high crustal magnetic field and gravity anomaly. Based on the analysis of chemical maps of Thorium and Potassium derived in the Eridania region on Mars, the authors show how radiogenic heat driven hydrothermal systems may have persisted on Mars.
The British Defence Reviews of the 1990s and Their Legacy

This working paper examines the British defence reviews of the 1990s (namely the 1990, 1994 and 1998 reviews) from the standpoint of the 2020s and argues that those reviews essentially established the country's post-Cold War position, as evident in both succeeding planning documents, and practical policymaking with regard to perceived threats, priorities and the budgeting, sizing and equipment of British forces. Dominated by the need for cost savings, and a focus on non-state threats with British forces oriented to interventions outside the West European area rather than state threats and conventional, interstate warfare, this only began to change in the 2010s, when resourcing was little changed and the emphasis on out-of-area operations endured (and indeed, grew with concern for "Global Britain"), but a renewed concern for interstate warfare became apparent (particularly in regard to Russia, but also China). The paper finally concludes with an examination of all this in light of the most recent, 2021 review documents confirming that shift.
A Modal Craig-Bampton Substructure for Experiments, Analysis, Control and Specifications

This work was motivated by a desire to transform an experimental dynamic substructure derived using the transmission simulator method into the Craig-Bampton substructure form which could easily be coupled with a finite element code with the Craig-Bampton option. Near the middle of that derivation, a modal Craig-Bampton form emerges. The modal Craig-Bampton (MCB) form was found to have several useful properties. The MCB matrices separate the response into convenient partitions related to (1) the fixed boundary modes of the substructure (a diagonal partition), (2) the modes of the fixture it is mounted upon, (3) the coupling terms between the two sets of modes. Advantages of the MCB are addressed. (1) The impedance of the boundary condition for component testing, which is usually unknown, is quantified with simple terms. (2) The model is useful for shaker control in both single degree of freedom and multiple degree of freedom shaker control systems. (3) MCB provides an energy based framework for component specifications to reduce over-testing but still guarantee conservatism.
On the fidelity of high-speed photographic systems for dynamic photoelasticity

A general theory has been developed which predicts the influence of the characteristics of a high-speed recording system on the fidelity of a dynamic photoelastic-fringe pattern. The general theory was applied to recording systems currently employed in dynamic photoelasticity which include the high-speed framing camera, the spark-gap camera and the Q-spoiled laser system. Equations for a nondimensional form of the exposure as a function of normalized position have been developed for each of these three recording systems. From these equations, criteria to measure the fidelity of the recording systems were established. The methods developed are applied to the spark-gap system and examples of resolution limits, time shift and distortion are illustrated.
Chapter 24 Common-pool resources and institutions: Toward a revised theory

Abstract In the conventional theory of common-pool resources, participants do not undertake efforts to design their own governance arrangements. Substantial empirical evidence exists, however, that many common-pool resources are self-governed. Thus, in this chapter, I briefly review the conventional theory of common-pool resources. Then, I provide an overview of the empirical studies that test this theory in experimental laboratories. In the third section, I provide an overview of the empirical studies of this theory conducted in field settings. Since research in the lab and in the field both provide evidence that appropriators from common-pool resources do self-organize, the fourth section is devoted to the presentation of an initial theory of self-organization focusing on the benefit-cost calculus of individual appropriators. Two major theoretical puzzles remain, having to do with the effect of the size of a group and its heterogeneity.
New exoelectrogen Citrobacter sp. SX‐1 isolated from a microbial fuel cell

Aims: Isolation, identification and characterization of a new exoelectrogenic bacterium from a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Methods and Results: Exoelectrogenic bacterial strain SX-1 was isolated from a mediator-less MFC by conventional plating techniques with ferric citrate as electron acceptor under anaerobic condition. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that it was related to the members of Citrobacter genus with Citrobacter sp. sdy-48 being the most closely related species. The bacterial strain SX-1 produced electricity from citrate, acetate, glucose, sucrose, glycerol and lactose in MFCs with the highest current density of 205 mA m−2 generated from citrate. Cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that membrane-associated proteins may play an important role in facilitating the electrons transferring from bacteria to electrode. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates that Citrobacter species can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors. Citrobacter strain SX-1 is capable of generating electricity from a wide range of substrates in MFCs. Significance and Impact of the Study: This finding increases the known diversity of power generating exoelectrogens and provided a new strain to explore the mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer from bacteria to electrode. The wide range of substrate utilization by SX-1 increases the application potential of MFCs in renewable energy generation and waste treatment.
Suppressing transmitter intermodulations with Channelized Active Noise Elimination (CANE)

The linearity of a RF transmitter must often be traded off with its efficiency. High efficiency operation often requires the transmitter to operate in a deep saturation or a switching-mode state. The non-linear distortion components of the signal such as the Third-Order Intermodulation (IM3) terms are the primary causes of the increased Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) level and poorer transmitted signal integrity. In this paper, we proposed a digitally enhanced technique to suppress the intermodulation terms in the output of the power amplifiers (PAs), which is called Channelized Active Noise Elimination (CANE) technique. CANE utilizes the combining of multiple PA channels driven with digitally delayed baseband signal to form an active FIR filter. The rejection band of the FIR filter can be placed where the IM3 appears to realize intermodulation suppression. Similar idea can also be extended to a multi-carrier RF system, with multiple software defined filters formed for different carriers on the same set of hardware. Measurements have shown about 17dB IM3 suppression for a single carrier and 10dB IM3 suppression for a two-carrier signal.
Public Policy and the Inevitability of Internet Gambling

The gaming industry is at a crossroads in the United States. The spectacular Las Vegas-style casinos that have dominated the scene for the last 50 or so years are being challenged by technology and the preferences of a new generation of gamblers. Internet-based gambling has developed at such a rapid pace that the question now seems to be not whether Internet gambling will expand, but when and how. Prominent among the questions presented by this development is whether the regulatory structure for Internet gambling should have its locus in the federal government, or should be left to individual states. As politically charged as this issue is, it assumes that because Internet gambling is (apparently) inevitable, no other justification or rationale for its legalization and regulation is needed. Yet, like all forms of gambling, Internet gambling has costs that need to be balanced against the benefits of its adoption. This article looks at one state, Iowa, where legislation to legalize Internet poker has been and will again be considered. Proponents of Internet gambling in Iowa have not offered persuasive reasons for why this form of gambling is in the best interests of the state. Ultimately, Internet gambling can be justified only by the revenue it may generate. But until there is a clear articulation of the potential financial benefits, and the societal risks, of Internet gambling, Iowans will be unable to make an informed judgment whether it should be legalized and regulated. The Iowa narrative is one that informs the ongoing national debate about Internet gambling.
Conflict and risk management in complex system of systems issues

There are many sources of risk and conflict in contemporary societal issues. This paper presents an overview and partial taxonomy of the diversity of categorizations that may be used to describe various conflict and risk situations that involve a system of systems.