cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of flank wear and engagements from force measurements in end milling operations

Abstract On-line knowledge of tool engagement and flank wear is critical for successful adaptive control of a machining operation. A method combining a mechanistic model and empirical relationships has been developed for helical end milling operations. Computation of cutting tool engagements and flank wear width occurs in real time as the cutting progresses using averaged force data. Response surface methodology has been used to investigate the effects of the process and operating variables on the process-dependent parameters; a second order relationship was obtained. The approach can also determine variation of wear land width along the length of the tool as axial engagement changes.
Generalized two phonon theory

Abstract Recent laser experiments and theoretical discussions of coherent two photon transient phenomena have prompted us to develop a generalized theory for the case of an N +2 level quantum system interacting with two optical fields. New perturbation solutions, derived from an effective two level Hamiltonian, are presented in the form of a continued fraction expansion where the leading term agrees with earlier treatments. The theory applies to homogeneously broadened systems where the intermediate transitions are far off resonance. When inhomogeneous broadening plays a role, the expansion parameter is no longer unique and the theory breaks down. Nonperturbative solutions are then required which are also capable of explaining other features not appearing in the perturbative approach. An important example is intensity-dependent dephasing. Exact and approximate solutions of this kind are derived.
Kingship and Philosophy in Aristotle's Best Regime

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Laser in situ keratomileusis in United States Naval aviators

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of femtosecond-assisted wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as well as higher-order aberrometric changes in a population of active-duty United States Naval aviators. Setting Navy Refractive Surgery Centers, San Diego, California, and Portsmouth, Virginia, USA. Design Prospective noncomparative 2-site study. Methods In this study of femtosecond-assisted wavefront-guided LASIK, 3 groups were differentiated according to the refractive status: myopia, mixed astigmatism, and hyperopia. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, mesopic low-contrast CDVA, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and patient satisfaction were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. Results The study enrolled, treated, and included for analysis 548 eyes with myopia, 60 eyes with mixed astigmatism, and 25 eyes with hyperopia. The UDVA was 20/20 or better in 98.3% of eyes with myopia and mixed astigmatism at all postoperative visits and in 95.7% of hyperopic eyes 3 months postoperatively. The gain in CDVA was 1 or more lines in 39.2%, 41.1%, and 30.4% of myopic, mixed astigmatic and hyperopic eyes, respectively. Loss of 2 lines of CDVA after surgery occurred in 2 myopic eyes (0.4%). At 3 months, a mean change of +0.03 μm ± 0.10 (SD) and +0.05 ± 0.08 μm was observed in higher-order root mean square and primary spherical aberration, respectively. Of the patients, 95.9% said they believed that LASIK had helped their effectiveness as Naval aviators and 99.6% would recommend the same treatment to others. Conclusion Femtosecond-assisted wavefront-guided LASIK was an efficacious and safe option for refractive correction in Naval aviators, enabling a quick return to flight status. Financial Disclosure Drs. Tanzer and Schallhorn are consultants to Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Enzymeless Glucose Detection Based on CoO/Graphene Microsphere Hybrids

An ultrasonic nebulizer-based spray method was developed to fabricate microshpere hybrids of crumpled graphene (CG) loading cobalt oxide (CoO). The as-prepared CoO/CG microsphere hybrids were used for constructing an enzymeless sensor for glucose detection in alkaline solution. The as-developed enzymeless glucose sensor exhibited rapid response (less than 3 s), high sensitivity (669.78 µA mM−1 cm−2), wide detection range (0.83 µM–8.61 mM), good reproducibility and stability, and low detection limit (0.46 µM) (S/N=3). Moreover, the detection of glucose in human blood serum samples with the as-developed sensor agreed well with the results obtained from commercial glucose meters.
A review of the Journal of Pediatrics: the first 75 years.

Objective To assess changes in the format and content of articles published in The Journal of Pediatrics to aid in understanding the current state of pediatric research and to anticipate what to expect in the coming years. Study design We conducted a retrospective review of case reports, research articles, and review articles published in volume 150 of The Journal . We noted components of study authorship, content, and design and compared these data with those in earlier volumes. Results The numbers of authors and grants per article and the proportion of studies with international authorship have all increased. Print circulation has dropped, but The Journal is now available in electronic format. Research topics shifted, with fewer articles devoted to infectious disease and general pediatrics. An increase in articles about endocrinology reflects a surge of interest in pediatric obesity. Most articles contain original research, reporting analyses from observational studies with few clinical trials. Conclusions Recent trends suggest that readers of The Journal should expect more research articles with observational designs and increasing international authorship. The Journal 's electronic presence will likely increase and provide greater readership globally.
A CATALOGUE OF THE THYSANOURA OF NORTH AMERICA

There being no published list of the American species of Thysanoura, I have thought it advisable to bring my notes together in a connected form. The names adopted are based on a careful study of many specimens from all parts of the country, and the arrangement of families and genera is a combination of that of Tullberg, Lubbock, and Comstock. I have preceded the catalogue by a list of the more important papers containing descriptions of American species, and I have followed the names of all those species known to me by an exclamation point.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris as an initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare skin condition that is of unknown etiology. We present an unusual case of a patient with PRP as the sole initial manifestation of hepatocellular cancer. The course of the patient's illness and management of this case is discussed. Possible reasons for this association are presented.
"Down regulation" of 5-HT2 receptors: possible role of melatonin and significance for negative schizophrenia.

(1991). “Down regulation” of 5-HT2 receptors: Possible role of melatonin and significance for negative Schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 56, No. 1-4, pp. 209-214.
Long time-base temporal holography using fiber-optic tapped delay line diffractive arrays

We propose a temporal holography technique for realizing matched filter structures for arbitrary, narrow-band optical signals. By utilizing the extraordinarily large angular dispersion of a fiber-optic tapped delay line array, we show that it is possible to achieve temporal filtering of optical signals whose coherence times can exceed nanoseconds. This represents a significant improvement in the temporal reach of holographic filters, compared to grating-based methods.
Lead-210 and Polonium-210 in Biological Samples from Alaska

The naturally occurring concentrations of lead-210 and polonium-210 in certain biological samples from Alaska are unusually high. The concentration processes are similar to those observed for artificially produced radioactive fallout. Concentrations of these nuclides are greater in Alaskan natives than they are in other United States residents.
Curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin with mixed initiators

The curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin with mixed initiators was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. For the experimental investigation, we used various combinations of low and high-temperature initiators to cure a general-purpose unsaturated polyester resin and determined the rate of cure and the degree of cure, using differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. For the theoretical investigation, we used the mechanistic kinetic model described in our previous paper. It has been demonstrated that the mechanistic model is very useful for predicting the curing behaviour of unsaturated polyester resin with mixed initiators, using information on the rate constants of the individual initiators and the concentration of the initiator. Such an approach will help reduce, if not eliminating completely, the number of tedious and time-consuming curing experiments that would otherwise have to be performed.
Cholelithiasis in premature infants treated with parenteral nutrition and furosemide

1. Korones SF, and Fabien GA: Successful treatment of "persistent fetal circulation," Pediatr Res 9:367, 1975. 2. Goetzman BW, Sunshine P, Johnson JD, Wennberg RP, Hackel A, Merten DF, Bartoletti AL, and Silverman NH: Neonatal hypoxia and pulmonary vasospasm: Response to tolazoline, J PEmATR 89:617, 1976. 3. Levin DL, Heymann MA, Kitterman JA, Gregory GA, Phibbs RH, and Rudolph AM: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant, J PEI~IAXr~ 89:626, 1976. 4. Purohit DM, Pal S, and Levkoff AH: Effect of tolazoline on persistent hypoxemia in neonatal respiratory distress, Crit Care Med 6:14, 1978. 5. Mclntosh N, and Waiters RO: Effect of tolazoline in severe HMD, Arch Dis Child 54:105, 1978. 6. Rudolph AM, Paul MH, Somrner LS, and Nadas AS: Effects of tolazoline hydrochloride on circulatory dynamics of patients with pulmonary hypertension, Am Heart J 55:424, 1958. 7. Grover RF, Reeves JT, and Blount SG: Tolazoline hydrochloride: An effective pulmonary vasodilator, Am Heart J 61:5, 1961. 8. Drummond WH, Peckham GJ, and Fox WW: The clinical profile of the newborn with persistent pulmonary hypertension, Clin Pediatr 16:335, 1977. 9. Fox WW, Gewitz MH, Dinwiddie R, Drummond WH, and Peckham GJ: Pulmonary hypertension in the perinatal aspiration syndromes, Pediatrics 59:205, 1977. 10. Stevenson DK, Kasting DS, Darnall RA, Ariagno RL, Johnson JD, Malachowski N, Beets CL, and Sunshine P: Refractory hypoxemia associated with neonatal pulmonary disease: The use and limitations of tolazoline, J PEmAXR 95:595, 1979. 11. Peckham GJ, and Fox WW: Physiologic factors affecting pulmonary artery pressure in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension, J PEDIATR 93:1005, 1978.
Analysis of Effect for Single-Case Design Research

Single-case design (SCD) research is an experimental approach for analysis of an effect between an independent variable and dependent variable. Traditionally, analysis of effect for SCD has relied on visual analysis, an approach whereby a trained observer analyzes a visual display of the data. Recent advances in statistical approaches have been forwarded for SCD research in the literature to assist in the interpretation of intervention effects. This review outlines the logic of SCD and describes the varied approaches for the analysis of effect in SCD research.
Constructing autonomy: smart homes for disabled veterans and the politics of normative citizenship

At a time when the US military is cutting costs for retired service members and veterans, there are many charitable and corporate organizations looking to fill in these gaps. For example, the US Department of Veterans Affairs offers small grants to enable some retrofitting of houses for disabled veterans. Meanwhile, charities offer purpose-built Smart Homes to a small minority of severely disabled veterans that utilise technological and spatial engineering and feed into the culture of what might be called home improvement pornography. Smart Homes for disabled veterans are situated at the intersection of various and discrepant fantasies – domestic, consumerist, gendered, professional, military-industrial – of the automated home, and as such are full of technologies that are marked as much by their claims to independence and autonomy as they are by their claims to security and privacy. This article explores the ways in which discourses of independence and autonomy – as instantiated through the example of th...
Embolotherapy in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fifth in frequency of cancers worldwide. The incidence of HCC in the United States is rising, primarily due to the number of patients who were infected by hepatitis in the 1960s and 1970s coupled with the rising migrant population from Asia, where hepatitis is widely prevalent. Up to 80% of the patients present with multicentric HCC and advanced liver disease or comorbidities that restrict the option of resection or liver transplantation. The dual blood supply (arterial and portal) to the liver with predominantly arterial supply to the tumor has made embolotherapy a cornerstone in the management of inoperable HCC. The techniques have become refined not only due to the development of microcatheter angiographic capabilities, but also in the ability to deliver a wide variety of therapeutic agents to these tumors. This article reviews the fundamental principles of bland embolization, chemoembolization, and radioembolization in the management of HCC.
Acute effects of metabolic hormones in swine

1. 1. Many metabolic hormones (glucagon, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, TSH, thyroxine and triiodothyronine) did not stimulate porcine adipose tissue lipolysis in vitro. Growth hormone and ACTH stimulated lipolysis at high concentrations, in the presence of theophylline. Insulin inhibited lipolysis. 2. 2. Infusion of metabolic hormones with measurement of plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations, purportedly indicative of in vivo lipolysis, indicated that glucagon and somatotropin had no effect, adrenocorticotropin increased and insulin depressed plasma concentrations of the metaboltes. 3. 3. Overall, the in vitro predicts the in vivo response. There were exceptions, e.g. adrenocorticotropin moderately increased plasma metabolites but had little effect in vitro.
Initial results of H-mode edge pedestal turbulence evolution with quadrature reflectometer measurements on DIII-D

Abstract High-resolution quadrature reflectometer measurements of density fluctuation levels have been obtained on DIII-D for H-mode edge pedestal studies. Initial results are presented from the L–H transition to the first ELM for two cases: (i) a low pedestal beta discharge, in which density turbulence in the pedestal has little change during the ELM-free phase, and (ii) a high pedestal beta discharge in which both density and magnetic turbulence are observed to increase before the first ELM. These high beta data are consistent with the existence of electromagnetic turbulence suggested by some transport models. During Type-I ELM cycles, when little magnetic turbulence can be observed, pedestal turbulence increases just after an ELM crash and then decreases before next ELM strikes, in contrast to a drop after ELM crash and then it re-grows when strong magnetic turbulence shows similar behavior. Clear ELM precursors are observed on ⩽20% of Type-I ELMs observed to date.
Large Aeff Pure-Silica-Core Fiber with Low Similar Splice Loss for Terrestrial Transmission Lines

We demonstrate that pure-silica-core fiber with Aeff of 110 μm2 exhibits low span loss including plural similar splices, which will contribute to high OSNR in hybrid Raman/EDFA-amplified systems.
Nanoscale devices: untangling nanowire assembly.

A nanoscale combing technique can be used to straighten and align nanowires with exceptional precision.
Traumatic brain injury enhances the amnesic effect of an NMDA antagonist in rats.

✓ The authors have examined the effect of experimental traumatic brain injury on the amnesia produced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. Rats were either subjected to a moderate level of fluid-percussion injury or prepared for injury but not injured (“sham injury”). Nine days following injury or sham injury, the rats were injected either with saline (sham/saline group, nine rats; injured/saline group, nine rats) or with 0.1 mg/kg of MK-801 (sham/MK-801 group, nine rats; injured/MK-801 group, eight rats) 30 minutes before being trained on a passive-avoidance task. Twenty-four hours later, the rats were tested for retention of the passive-avoidance task. Results revealed that the low dose of MK-801 did not significantly affect retention of the passive-avoidance task in the sham-injured group. In injured animals, administration of MK-801 produced a profound amnesia in contrast to the sham-injured animals treated with MK-801 and the injured animals treated with saline. To further investigat...
Complete Hydatidiform Mole Coexisting with a Twin Live Fetus: Clinical Course

Abstract A 33-year-old G4P0 white female presented for a pregnancy ultrasound at 9 weeks gestation and was found to have a complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live twin fetus (CHTF). The β-hCG level was 600,000 mIU/ml and the chest X ray was negative. The pregnancy was uneventfully terminated by suction curettage and oral contraceptives were prescribed. The initial β-hCG declined appropriately; however, it subsequently rose. The metastatic workup was negative and the patient was treated with weekly intramuscular methotrexate at 30 mg/m 2 . The hCG levels declined appropriately and then plateaued. Salvage chemotherapy with intravenous actinomycin D at 1.25 mg/m 2 every 14 days was started. The hCG level normalized after 3 cycles and the patient was free of disease at 1 year follow-up.
Accelerating incompressible flow computations with a Pthreads-CUDA implementation on small-footprint multi-GPU platforms

Graphics processor units (GPU) that are originally designed for graphics rendering have emerged as massively-parallel "co-processors" to the central processing unit (CPU). Small-footprint multi-GPU workstations with hundreds of processing elements can accelerate compute-intensive simulation science applications substantially. In this study, we describe the implementation of an incompressible flow Navier---Stokes solver for multi-GPU workstation platforms. A shared-memory parallel code with identical numerical methods is also developed for multi-core CPUs to provide a fair comparison between CPUs and GPUs. Specifically, we adopt NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) programming model to implement the discretized form of the governing equations on a single GPU. Pthreads are then used to enable communication across multiple GPUs on a workstation. We use separate CUDA kernels to implement the projection algorithm to solve the incompressible fluid flow equations. Kernels are implemented on different memory spaces on the GPU depending on their arithmetic intensity. The memory hierarchy specific implementation produces significantly faster performance. We present a systematic analysis of speedup and scaling using two generations of NVIDIA GPU architectures and provide a comparison of single and double precision computational performance on the GPU. Using a quad-GPU platform for single precision computations, we observe two orders of magnitude speedup relative to a serial CPU implementation. Our results demonstrate that multi-GPU workstations can serve as a cost-effective small-footprint parallel computing platform to accelerate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations substantially.
Awareness-level information for veterinarians on control zones, personal protective equipment, and decontamination

JAVMA, Vol 231, No. 1, July 1, 2007 V who may respond to emergency incidents should be aware that traditional first responders (eg, firefighting, emergency medical, and law enforcement personnel) typically establish control zones around contaminated or otherwise dangerous sites. Work inside these zones is organized according to the Incident Command System, which requires that tasks be assigned to those who are trained and certified for them. Inside these zones, there are also requirements regarding the use of PPE, which are typically dictated by Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Use of some components of PPE, especially respiratory protection, requires regular training, certification, and recertification. People and equipment that leave the controlled areas must be decontaminated to protect themselves and others and to prevent dissemination of harmful agents. One of the earliest and most important steps in mitigating the dangers surrounding any incident involving the potential for mass casualties is identification of the causative agent. If the incident is possibly the result of terrorist or other criminal activity, the potential for multiple harmful devices or agents must be considered. Should the attack or accident potentially involve a biological agent and especially if it affects animals, a veterinarian’s expertise, advice, or opinion may be valuable in establishing the character and details of the response, such as the appropriate disinfectant to be used. Identification of the agent that causes an incident is imperative because the components of a safe and orderly response depend on knowledge of the causative agent. For instance, the shape and size of the control zones around an incident caused by an explosive device depend on the size of the explosive charge, while the control zones around an incident caused by a chemical agent depend more on the particular agent and the direction and speed of the wind. Likewise, the type and extent of PPE and decontamination depend heavily on identification of the causative agent. Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams functioning as part of the National Disaster Medical System under the National Response Plan and, more locally, State Animal Response Teams are capable of disease identification, agent control, and decontamination functions, among many others, in the face of disastrous cirAwareness-level information for veterinarians on control zones, personal protective equipment, and decontamination
Selective integration of temporally distinct perceptual information in infant memory

Abstract Perceptual and memory studies with adults have converged on the idea that temporally disjunct information can be integrated into a single, unified representation. Those studies, however, used very brief delays between the successive presentations and, therefore, did not examine whether distinct information can be integrated over the long term. These experiments with 3-month-olds explored whether perceptual information that is presented successively over long intervals can be integrated into a single, unified memory representation. Infants learned to kick to move a mobile that displayed either S s or vertical lines, and were passively exposed 24 hours later to a mobile that displayed the other stimulus character. Twenty-four hours later, infants recognized a novel dollar sign (a blend of the training and exposure cues), suggesting that the training and exposure information were perceptually integrated as a single-blend representation in long-term memory. Interestingly, infants discriminated the same training and exposure cues when they were ina spatially independent arrangement ( S s and vertical lines side-by-side). I conclude, therefore, that perceptual information successively encountered over a relatively long temporal interval was not stored in independent representations but was blended into a single, unified representation.
Monitoring of cache miss rates for accurate dynamic voltage and frequency scaling

Modern mobile processors offer dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, which can be used to reduce the energy requirements of embedded and real-time applications by exploiting idle CPU resources, while still maintaining all applications' real-time characteristics. However, accurate predictions of task run-times are key to computing the frequencies and voltages that ensure that all tasks' real-time constraints are met. Past work has used feedback-based approaches, where applications' past CPU utilizations are used to predict future CPU requirements. Inaccurate predictions in these approaches can lead to missed deadlines, less than expected energy savings, or large overheads due to frequent voltage and frequency changes. Previous solutions ignore other `indicators' of future CPU requirements, such as the frequency of I/O operations, memory accesses, or interrupts. This paper addresses this shortcoming for memory-intensive applications, where measured task run-times and cache miss rates are used as feedback for accurate run-time predictions. Cache miss rates indicate the frequency of memory accesses and enable us to derive the latencies introduced by these operations. The results shown in this paper indicate improvements in the number of deadlines met and the amount of energy saved.
Insight from Economically Optimal Steady-State Operating Policies for Dynamic Plantwide Control

Shortcut methods for the rapid determination of the optimal steady-state operating policy for certain classes of chemical plants have recently been published [Ward et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 3957; 2005, 44, 6729]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the implications of these optimal operating policies for the selection of control methodology and control structure design, and to demonstrate that the operating policies can be implemented dynamically. These methods can predict, using basic information about the process chemistry, whether a self-optimizing control structure will give good economic performance, or whether an explicit optimization layer will be required in the control hierarchy. When a self-optimizing control structure is sufficient, this methodology allows the engineer to anticipate which binary pairings between controlled and manipulated variables are optimal. When an optimizing control layer (e.g., MPC or real-time optimizer (RTO)) is required, the method suggests a low-or...
The Reach and Rationale for Community Health Fairs

Latinos living in the USA account for one third of the uninsured population and face numerous cultural, linguistic, and financial barriers to accessing healthcare services. Community health fairs have developed to address the unmet need for no- and low-cost services that target prevention and education among underserved communities. The current research describes an ongoing effort in a community in Southern California and examines the barriers to health care among participants registering to receive free breast health screenings, one of the major services offered at a 2010 health fair. A total of 186 adult Latina women completed a brief questionnaire assessing their healthcare utilization and self-reported barriers to engaging in preventive and screening services. Approximately two thirds of the participants reported never receiving or having more than 2 years passing since receiving a preventive health check-up. Participants identified cost (64.5 %) and knowledge of locations for services (52.3 %) as the primary barriers to engaging in routine healthcare services. Engaging with health professionals represents a leading way in which adults obtain health information; health fairs offering cancer health screenings represent a culturally appropriate venue for increased cancer health equity. Implications of the current research for future health fairs and their role in community cancer education are discussed.
Distinct Properties of Cell-Type-Specific and Shared Transcription Factor Binding Sites

Most human transcription factors bind a small subset of potential genomic sites and often use different subsets in different cell types. To identify mechanisms that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding, we used an integrative approach to study estrogen receptor α (ER). We found that ER exhibits two distinct modes of binding. Shared sites, bound in multiple cell types, are characterized by high-affinity estrogen response elements (EREs), inaccessible chromatin, and a lack of DNA methylation, while cell-specific sites are characterized by a lack of EREs, co-occurrence with other transcription factors, and cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation. These observations enabled accurate quantitative models of ER binding that suggest tethering of ER to one-third of cell-specific sites. The distinct properties of cell-specific binding were also observed with glucocorticoid receptor and for ER in primary mouse tissues, representing an elegant genomic encoding scheme for generating cell-type-specific gene regulation.
A study of base built-in field effects on the steady-state current gain of heterojunction bipolar transistors

Abstract This paper treats analytically the common-emitter d.c. current gain of heterojunction bipolar transistors with graded base for charge transport enhancement. Relevant device physics such as built-in electric field, current-induced base pushout, and drift velocity overshoot are accounted for in the model. Numerical simulations and measured dependencies published in the literature are included in support of the model.
Spatial variability of soils in support of countermine operations

This paper outlines an approach to extrude two-dimensional existing information to support the prediction of subsurface discrete objects. The goal of this study is to develop one part of a toolkit to generate realistic, simulated subsurface material and property distributions supporting detection of surface and subsurface explosives. A sample one-meter cubic grid of heterogeneous media is simulated along with expected deviations. We explain the method used to generate a volume of soil, number of geologic features included (if any), and location. This method is expected to be used to depict a larger surface area based on representative limited visual and laboratory data. The soil volume will be used to exercise models providing a signature of subsurface media allowing the simulation of detection by various sensors of buried and surface ordnance.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Accurate recursive learning of uncertain diffeomorphism dynamics

Diffeomorphisms dynamical systems are dynamical systems for which the state is an image and each command induce a diffeomorphism of the state. These systems can approximate the dynamics of robotic sensorimotor cascades well enough to be used for problems such as planning in observations space. Learning of an arbitrary diffeomorphism from pairs of images is an extremely high dimensional problem. This paper describes two improvements to the methods presented in previous work. The previous method had required O(ρ4) memory as a function of the desired resolution ρ, which, in practice, was the main limitation to the resolution of the diffeomorphisms that could be learned. This paper describes an algorithm based on recursive refinement that lowers the memory requirement to O(ρ2). Another improvement regards the estimation the diffeomorphism uncertainty, which is used to represent the sensor's limited field of view; the improved method obtains a more accurate estimation of the uncertainty by checking the consistency of a learned diffeomorphism and its independently learned inverse. The methods are tested on two robotic systems (a pan-tilt camera and a 5-DOF manipulator).
TU-E-T-6E-04: The Dosimetry Training Tool (DTT) Project

Goal: A program was funded in 2002 by the NCI to produce and support a web-based computer-aided distant learning tool for training medical dosimetrists. Medical physicists, radiation oncologists, and medical dosimetrists have served as volunteer authors of the 24 modules in the tool consistent with the recommendations of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists (AAMD) for a recognized medical dosimetry training program. The distant learning modules contain assessment instruments for both the summative evaluation of the students as well as the formative evaluation of the learning tools. The intent of this project is for graduates from these programs to apply for the certification examination administered by the Medical Dosimetrist Certification Board when they have accrued the required two years of training and experience. Accomplishments: The authors have developed and refined their individual modules by electronic transmission of course material to developers at Stanford. Over 7000 html pages are currently online. Medical physicists, radiation oncologists, and medical dosimetrists in radiation oncology centers serve as mentors for the students. A test of the tools is being conducted by 73 mentors registered to train approximately 159 students. Resources: Information about the program is available on the web at http: dosimetry.stanford.edu. Upcoming Changes: The html pages are being converted to an xml format using a learning management system being developed at Stanford. The project is now recruiting reviewers to participate in a round of revisions of the existing material that will take place over the next year. Educational Objectives: 1. To understand the goals and methods of a web-based training project for Medical Dosimetrists 2. To learn about opportunities to participate in the development of course content in the project.
Imaging phonons in a superconductor

We present images of acoustic phonons propagating ballistically through a single crystal of metal: superconducting Nb. Phonons with energy less than twice the superconducting gap have greatly reduced scattering from electrons and can propagate millimeter distances without scattering. We have observed sharp phonon-focusing patterns in niobium. Time and space dependences of the heat pulses provide useful information about the propagation of phonons and quasiparticles in Nb and potentially other superconductors. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
A simplified method for preparing Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis complement fixing antigens.

Summary1. Western equine encephalomyelitis and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis CF antigens were prepared by grinding the brains of infected suckling mice in a borate stock buffer (BSB), allowing the 20% suspension to stand for 24 hours at 4°C, centrifuging, and harvesting the supernate. The “BSB Antigens” prepared in this manner were shown to be of greater potency and sensitivity than commercial products. Inactivation of viral antigens with ethylene oxide gas affected neither the potency nor the sensitivity of the antigen when compared to untreated BSB virus suspension. Ethylene oxide treated BSB mouse brain EEE and WEE CF antigen-antiserum systems did not cross react. 2. Reduction of the incubation time for primary reagents in CF tests from 18 hours at 4°C to 2 hours at 4°C gave little if any change in antiserum or BSB antigen titer. Elimination of the incubation period altogether vitiated the activities of commercial antigens or normal mouse brain, but did not appreciably affect that of the BSB antigen.
Oxidative aging and cloud condensation nuclei activation of laboratory combustion soot

Abstract Radiative forcing by aerosol particles containing black carbon (BC) may be positive or negative depending on specific atmospheric conditions. Black carbon itself absorbs solar radiation and thereby heats the surrounding environment. On the other hand, as a result of atmospheric aging, BC-containing particles may become hydrophilic due to oxidation, condensation, and/or coagulation of water-soluble material. The aged particles can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and contribute to cloud formation that may result either in cooling or heating. In this work, through a series of laboratory experiments, we investigate the transformation of soot particles from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and estimate the atmospheric residence time required for this transformation. Ethylene flame-generated soot particles were size-selected and exposed to OH radicals in a Potential Aerosol Mass flow reactor. Aging was simulated via OH exposures equivalent to atmospheric lifetimes over a range from hours to multiple days. The chemical composition of the organic coatings as a function of OH exposure was monitored with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. The CCN activity of the aged soot particles was measured as a function of OH exposure and chemical composition. Experimental measurements indicate that heterogeneous OH oxidation of initially CCN-inactive nascent soot produces CCN-active particles. Critical supersaturations at integrated OH exposures equivalent to 0.4, 2, and 10 days are 2.1%, 0.82%, and 0.40%. Corresponding values for the effective hygroscopicity parameter, κ eff , ranged from κ eff 8 × 10 − 4 to κ eff = 0.09 as a function of OH exposure. Condensation of hydrophilic organic or inorganic coatings (produced from oxidation of gas-phase precursors introduced to the flow reactor) on soot particles speeds up the CCN activation by a factor of 6–50 depending on the nature and thickness of the coating. The results suggest that CCN activation of atmospheric BC-containing particles is primarily due to secondary coatings.
Extrinsic current and flash sensitivity in turtle cones

The effects of hyperpolarizing current and background light on intracellular responses of red cones in turtle were compared. Even though a background light always reduced response amplitude, hyperpolarizing current did so in only 25% of the cells studied. When hyperpolarizing current reduced response amplitude it also produced changes in response kinetics and the intensity-response relationships, but these changes differed from those produced by background light. Considerably greater hyperpolarization was required with current than with light to produce equivalent reductions in amplitude. The results suggest that current reduces amplitude by activating a membrane conductance, while background light acts through a different mechanism.
Automated method for exchange transfusion: a new modification.

THE TECHNIQUE OF EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION has undergone significant metamorphosis since it was first described in 1925 by Hart, 1 who used the longitudinal sinus via the anterior fontanel and the saphenous vein for exsanguination and transfusion, respectively. Diamond et al} improved the technique, using a plastic catheter in the umbilical vein. Since 1951 several modifications of the Diamond single-site technique and of the original two-site technique have been described in attempts to avoid some real and potential problems. We describe our preliminary experience with a modification (devised by H.C.T.) of the two-site technique that has several important benefits. METHODS We modified a volumetric infusion pump (Harvard, Model 2681) to accommodate two syringes, one of which infuses while the other withdraws (Figure). Both syringe plungers are attached to the same driving element of the pump, so that any change in volumes in the syringes must be opposite but of identical magnitude. Two sites for exchange are necessary: exsanguination via an umbilical vessel or peripheral arterial catheter (radial); infusion through the umbilical or peripheral vein. We found it useful to place a syringe containing heparinized saline just proximal to both the infusion and exsanguination sites, to flush the sites if necessary. The exchange is done in cycles consisting of 50 ml infused and 50 ml removed. One syringe and the tubing leading to the infusion site are filled with transfusion blood; the other syringe remains empty with its plunger in maximally. The infusion pump is set to run at approximately 70 to 100 ml/kg/hr. Once the pump is turned on, one syringe begins to infuse 50 ml blood and the other withdraws an equal volume. When the infusion syringe is empty, the pump is switched off, the blood in the exsanguination syringe is discarded, the infusion syringe is refilled, the pump's driving element is returned to the original position, and another cycle can begin. If there is any delay
Cre-constructing the heart.

The spatially and temporally coordinated interaction between migratory cardiac precursors, endothelial cells and myogenic precursors leads to the formation of the highly differentiated cell lineages in the heart. In a new study, conditional mouse mutants are used to show that Nf1 signaling in cardiac endothelium is essential for proper heart formation.
697 MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENT INTAKES IN CHILDREN WITH CROHN'S DISEASE(CD)

Poor nutrition has been associated with growth failure in the adolescent with long-standing CD. We have used 24-hour dietary recall to assess macro- and micronutrient intakes in 11 Tanner I-II CD patients (ages 8-14.5 yrs) within 6 months of diagnosis. 5 had linear growth failure( 150% RDA was found in 8/11. Similar dietary abnormalities including caloric intake were found in patients with and without growth failure. Disturbances in both caloric and micronutrient intakes are common in Tanner I-II children with CD and require appropriate nutritional intervention.
Pneumoperitoneum following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A prospective study

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe and widely used technique to establish an enteral feeding route. It has eliminated much of the operative morbidity associated with gastrostomy placed by laparotomy. The authors recently observed a patient who developed a benign pneumoperitoneum following PEG. Twenty-four patients were then prospectively studied after PEG to determine the incidence and significance of this finding. Nine patients (38%) developed radiologic pneumoperitoneum. Five patients (21%) had gross evidence of pneumoperitoneum, three patients had more subtle findings of small amounts of free air, and one patient had free air found by CT scan. No patient dveloped signs or symptoms of peritoneal inflammation. The authors conclude that pneumoperitoneum following PEG occurs frequently and that, in the absence of signs or symptoms of peritoneal inflammation, it is a benign finding which requires no further diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
Reduction of emitter thickness in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor

The effects of AlGaAs layer thickness and GaAs cap layer thickness in the emitter of abrupt npn AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors on the performance of devices were investigated experimentally. It was found that only 500 A of A10.25Ga0.75As layer in the emitter is enough to produce high injection efficiency and a small signal current gain of more than 1100
The Phylogeny of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Vertebrates: Survey of Biochemical and Physiological Data

The phylogeny of vertebrate alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was surveyed in the phylum Chordata, including subphyla, agnatha, and Gnathostoma. A molecular taxonomic approach was undertaken based on biochemical, endocrinological, immunological, and physiological criteria previously documented for AFP. These published data were then discussed in light of their position and relationship in the albuminoid gene superfamily derived from GenBank. The phylogeny of the AFP molecule should prove useful for investigators seeking markers for animal models of human diseases, serological cross-reactivity between AFP molecular species, identification of larval or fetal protein homologs of AFP, and provide strategies for biochemical purification and physiological studies. The phylogeny of AFP in vertebrates was surveyed from the cyclostomata (lamphrey) to the mammals, including sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. A trend was denoted, from lower to higher animal forms, in a size reduction and separation of AFP-like albumin molecular moieties from forms that resembled true albumin molecules. While the primitive lamphrey possesses a serum protein twice the size of mammalian albumin, the bony fishes, reptiles, and amphibians display two ALB-like molecules sharing amino acid sequence similarity to mammalian AFP. However, only one of the ALB-like molecules in the fish and amphibia is glycosylated. Although little has been published on reptilian AFP-like molecules, avian AFP has been investigated extensively following its detection and isolation for developmental studies involving immunology and neuroendocrinology. Finally, a plethora of knowledge exists in mammals following several decades of studies involving the isolation, purification, and characterization of AFP for use in physiological, immunological, and endocrinological research endeavors. In overview, a tendency or trend in down-sizing of an AFP-like albumin molecule and the separation of true albumin forms from a distinct fetal glycosylated form was observed. This seemed to occur in animal classes lacking a free-swimming larval form and possessing either highly differentiated extra-embryonic membranes or displaying a placenta intimately interfaced with the maternal tissues of the uterus.
Attachment Styles and Violent Imagery in Thematic Stories about Relationships

The link between use of violent imagery (VI) in imaginative stories about social situations and perceivers' attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious) was examined. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and an attachment style questionnaire were administered. The TAT stories of anxiously attached men contained more VI than stories written by other subjects. Content analyses further revealed that more anxiously attached men wrote violent affiliation stories with male perpetrators and female victims. Findings suggest that V7 may be an expression of frustration toward romantic partners and an inability to modulate negative affect in intimate relationships for a specific group of men.
The Strength of Weak Terrorist Ties

The current age of technology, mass communication, and globalization makes networks analysis an especially useful tool for understanding cell-based terrorism. Some concepts from traditional networks analysis may be especially relevant. The Strength of Weak Ties hypothesis (SWT) is particularly promising and will be used here to demonstrate the usability of traditional networks analysis for studying modern terrorism. The findings suggest that the strength of weak terrorist ties may improve Al Qaeda's operational capabilities despite the group's decentralization following the U.S.-led military campaign in Afghanistan beginning in 2001.
Debunking the resignation of earl Butz: Sacrificing an official racist

This criticism examines the rhetoric surrounding the racial slur and forced resignation of Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz. The essay argues that the rhetoric celebrated a social ritual which demonstrated the double standard existing in the United States between public and private morality, thereby preserving American cultural racism.
American Gun Culture, School Shootings, and a “Frontier Mentality”: An Ideological Analysis of British Editorial Pages in the Decade After Columbine

The problem of school shootings has attracted extensive media attention, especially since the Columbine shooting, a watershed event that pushed the issue of school shootings to the forefront of media coverage. This paper examines the themes present in British editorial coverage of school shootings in the decade between April 1999, the month of the Columbine shooting, and April 2009, using ideological analysis to identify themes present in British editorial newspaper coverage. Articles were drawn from the Times of London and the Independent. Major themes that emerged were widespread disgust with a disordered and unhealthy American gun culture and firearms legislation, a focus on gratuitous and violent entertainment media, and a frustration with unethical media coverage of these tragic events.