cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Set points, settling points, and the control of body weight

Recently a number of investigators have suggested that body weight may be controlled by a neural system which contains a reference or set point. The finding that the body weight level which animals will defend can be altered by lesions of the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus has been taken to provide support for this claim. In this paper we describe a simple feedback control model which contains no set point, and yet is able to account in full for these and other data which have been cited in support of the existence of a body weight set point. Since such a model exists it appears to be unnecessary and unparsimonious to introduce the concept of a neural set point to explain the fact that body weight maintains a relatively constant value which is defended against certain types of challenges. Constancy and defense of body weight are at best only prima facie evidence for the existence of a neural set point controlling body weight.
Analysis of lectin binding by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains grown on nitrocellulose filters using peroxidase-labeled lectin☆

A procedure was developed to assess the ability of wild-type and mutant strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to bind soybean lectin. The lectin-binding ability of bacteria grown on nitrocellulose filters was determined using peroxidase-labeled soybean lectin. The assay produced clear differences between strains known to be unable to bind soybean lectin and those which can. The assay gave results identical to those of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-soybean lectin-binding assay of T. V. Bhuvaneswari, S. G. Pueppke, and W. D. Bauer (1977, Plant Physiol. 60, 486-491) with regard both to the ability of particular B. japonicum strains to bind lectin and to the inhibition caused by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The method was used to screen Tn5-induced mutants of B. japonicum 2143 for their inability to bind soybean lectin. The procedure provides a sensitive and convenient method to screen Bradyrhizobium strains for the ability to bind soybean lectin.
Radiation Hardness Assurance Testing of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Circuits: Test Guideline for Proton and Heavy Ion Single-Event Effects

This document gives detailed test guidelines for single-event upset (SEU), single-event latchup (SEL), single-event burnout (SEB), and single-event gate rupture (SEGR) hardness assurance testing. It includes guidelines for both heavy-ion and proton environments. The guidelines are based on many years of testing at remote site facilities and our present understanding of the mechanisms for single-event effects.
Alterations in brain protein kinase C after experimental brain injury

Regional activities and levels of protein kinase C were measured after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats. At 5 min and 20 min after injury, neither cofactor-dependent nor -independent PKC activities in the cytosol and membrane fractions changed in the injured and contralateral cortices or in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Western blot analysis revealed decreases in the levels of cytosolic PKC alpha and PKC beta in the injured cortex after brain injury. In the same site, a significant increase in the levels of membrane PKC alpha and PKC beta was observed after injury. Although the level of PKC alpha did not change and that of PKC beta decreased in the cytosol of the ipsilateral hippocampus, these levels did not increase in the membrane fraction after injury. The levels of PKC gamma were generally unchanged in the cytosol and the membrane, except for its decrease in the cytosol of the hippocampus. There were no changes in the levels of any PKC isoform in either the cytosol or the membrane of the contralateral cortex after injury. The present results suggest a translocation of PKC alpha and PKC beta from the cytosol to the membrane in the injured cortex after brain injury. The observation that such a translocation occurs only in the brain regions that undergo substantial neuronal loss suggests that membrane PKC may play a role in neuronal damage after brain injury.
Sternophysingidae, a New Family of Subterranean Amphipods (Gammaridea: Crangonyctoidea) from South Africa, with Description of Sternophysinx Calceola, New Species, and Comments on Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Relationships

ABSTRACT Sternophysingidae, a new family of gammaridean amphipods, is described on the basis of the genus Sternophysinx from subterranean ground waters of southern Africa. In addition, S. calceola, the seventh species recorded in the genus, is described from a cave in Transvaal, South Africa. Probably the most remarkable character of the new species is the presence of small phonoreceptors, called calceoli, on antenna 2, the first occurrence of this structure in the genus. The calceolus of Sternophysinx appears to be the same type as that of several other crangonyctoid genera from both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Joint possession of this character, combined with overall morphological similarity, might be viewed as further support for the hypothesized phylogenetic affinity among members of the superfamily Crangonyctoidea from different continents.
Comparing observer performance with mixture distribution analysis when there is no external gold standard

Mixture distribution analysis (MDA) is proposed as a statistical methodology for comparing observer readings on different imaging modalities when the image findings cannot be independently verified. The study utilized a data set consisting of independent, blinded readings by 4 radiologists of a stratified sample of 95 bedside chest images obtained using computed radiography. Each case was rad on hard and soft copy. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated using ROCFIT and the relative percent correct (RPC) was calculated from point distributions estimated by the MDA. The expectation maximization algorithm was used to perform a maximum likelihood estimation of the fit to either 3, 4 or 5 point distributions. There was agreement between the AUC and the RPC based upon 3 point distributions representing easy normals, hard normals and abnormals, easy abnormals, hard normals, hard abnormals and easy abnormals. We conclude that the MDA may be a viable alternative to the ROC for evaluating observer performance on imaging modalities in clinical settings where image verification is either difficult or impossible.
Influence of Intraperitoneal Application of Taurolidine/Heparin on Expression of Adhesion Molecules and Colon Cancer in Rats Undergoing Laparoscopy

Background Recent experimental studies have shown that intraperitoneal administration of taurolidine/heparin causes a reduction of local tumor growth after laparoscopy in rat models. It might be that the anti-adherent activities of these agents are responsible for this effect. In this study we investigated the adhesion molecules E-cadherin, β1-integrin, and CD44. Materials and methods Following a 10,000 colon adenocarcinoma cells’ (DHD/K12/TRb) intraperitoneal application a cecum resection and a partial parietal peritoneum resection (1 × 1 cm) were performed using a three trocar technique in 30 BD IX rats. After randomization in two groups, the cecum suture line and the parietal peritoneal defect were either lavaged with 1 mL of 0.5% taurolidine/10 IU heparin or with equal amounts of 0.9% normal saline solution. Rats were sacrificed four weeks after operation and total tumor growth was determined. E-cadherin, β1-integrin, and CD44 were assessed immunohistochemically on the tumor tissue. Results The expression of E-cadherin was significantly reduced to 46.7% (complete loss of staining) in the taurolidine/heparin group. Although no significant difference was detected concerning the β1-integrin and CD44 expression, a slightly reduced expression level with 26.7% of negative staining in metastases of the taurolidine/heparin group was observed. The total tumor weight (171.1 ± 181.2 mg) as well as the total number of tumor lesions was also reduced by the substances compared to the control group (283.2 ± 91.4 mg). Conclusions Taurolidine/heparin led to a significant reduction of local tumor growth. Additionally a reduction of the expression of E-cadherin was observed. However, the biological behavior of this molecule is multivariant, controversial and still unclear. Further studies should elucidate its role in the epithelial tumor genesis.
Developing Objective Operational Definitions for Monitoring Drought

Abstract Drought is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to accurately describe because its definition is both spatially variant and context dependent. Decision makers in local, state, and federal agencies commonly use operational drought definitions that are based on specific drought index thresholds to trigger water conservation measures and determine levels of drought assistance. Unfortunately, many state drought plans utilize operational drought definitions that are derived subjectively and therefore may not be appropriate for triggering drought responses. This paper presents an objective methodology for establishing operational drought definitions. The advantages of this methodology are demonstrated by calculating meteorological drought thresholds for the Palmer drought severity index, the standardized precipitation index, and percent of normal precipitation using both station and climate division data from Texas. Results indicate that using subjectively derived operational drought definitions may ...
Cancer-Related Weight Loss

Mr. A is a 70-year old man who was initially diagnosed with stage II colon cancer in 1990. Prior to diagnosis, he experienced an unintentional 23-pound weight loss. He underwent surgical resection, with additional surgery in 1992 for release of adhesions. He was treated with adjuvant 5-fl uorouracil and leucovorin. In 2004, he developed a paratracheal mass that was diagnosed as large cell carcinoma as well as non-small cell lung cancer metastatic to the bone. Because the disease was unresectable, Mr. A received a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Hedgehog regulates cell growth and proliferation by inducing Cyclin D and Cyclin E

Although mutations that activate the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway have been linked to several types of cancer1, the molecular and cellular basis of Hh's ability to induce tumour formation is not well understood. We identified a mutation in patched (ptc), an inhibitor of Hh signalling, in a genetic screen for regulators of the Retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in Drosophila. Here we show that Hh signalling promotes transcription of Cyclin E and Cyclin D, two inhibitors of Rb2, and principal regulators of the cell cycle during development in Drosophila. Upregulation of Cyclin E expression, accomplished through binding of Cubitus interruptus (Ci) to the Cyclin E promoter, mediates the ability of Hh to induce DNA replication. Upregulation of Cyclin D expression by Hh mediates the distinct ability of Hh to promote cellular growth. The discovery of a direct connection between Hh signalling and principal cell-cycle regulators provides insight into the mechanism by which deregulated Hh signalling promotes tumour formation.
Enhanced expectancies improve movement efficiency in runners

Abstract We followed up on recent findings demonstrating that enhancing performers' expectancies can improve their performance. Specifically, we examined whether providing experienced runners with positive feedback regarding their movement efficiency would increase running efficiency. Two groups of experienced runners ran on a treadmill at 75% of their maximum oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) for 10 min. One group (enhanced expectancy) was provided with (fabricated) feedback about the efficiency of their running style every 2 min. A control group was not given feedback. Oxygen consumption decreased in the enhanced expectancy group across measurement times (every 2 min for 10 min), but remained the same in the control group. In addition, performance perceptions changed only in the enhanced expectancy group, indicating a perception of greater ease of running and reduced fatigue when assessed after compared with before running. Finally, positive affect increased from a pre- to a post-test in the enhanced exp...
Propagation of breast cancer cells in aggregate cultures

A method for propagating cells of established human breast cancer lines in floating aggregates is described. The cells are grown in stationary cultures using conventional T25 and T75 plastic flasks inlaid with a base of solid agar. The cells aggregate by mutual recognition alone. This culture method has the advantages of high cell yields and of easy handling for subculture. No scraping or trypsinization is required. Above all the method has the merit of revealing, by light and by electron microscopy, the degree of differentiation and other characteristics of the cells not seen in monolayers.
Transformations moleculaires au niveau des isozymes de la lacticodehydrogenase de la souris, mises en evidence par electrophorese en gel d'amidon

Abstract Intra- and inter-isozymic molecular relationships of mouse lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) have been studied using starch-gel electrophoresis. 1. 1. Each isozyme (LDH 2 to LDH 5 ) exhibits several narrow bands (sub-bands). These sub-bands present sequential and reversible molecular transformations inside the corresponding isozymic region of migration. 2. 2. Several physicochemical factors, in vitro , determine the direction of these molecular transformations. 3. 3. There are, in cells and tissues, definite specific properties, which are depending on the type of cellular differentiation, and which modify the behavior of the intra-isozymic sub-bands. 4. 4. The enzymatic form migrating towards the cathode (cathodic band) may release, under certain conditions, the isozymes LDH 5 , LDH 4 , LDH 3 . This enzymatic form would appear to be an aggregation between isozymes. There is a relationship between cathodic band formation and the intra-isozymic sub-band transformations. A hypothesis according to which different molecular conformations of lactate dehydrogenase would account for these results, to a first approximation, is discussed.
Preliminary analysis of lidar techniques for regional meteorological studies

Preliminary scoping exercises indicate that remote-sensing lidar can play a useful role in missions that involve determining regional weather patterns and atmospheric transport conditions. Both meteorological modeling and local atmospheric sensing should be employed. Satellite-based remote sensing systems, using an incoherent Doppler wind-sensor, seem feasible.
The importance of traits and group memberships

Anglo-Americans and Mexican-Americans were asked to list five of their traits and five of their group memberships. They were also asked to rank (relative to each other) and rate (on an absolute scale) the importance of these traits and groups. Consistent with the distinction between individualist and collectivist cultures, Mexican-Americans ranked and rated their groups as being more important than did Anglo-Americans. In addition, although participants from both cultural groups gave greatly decreased ratings for less important groups, this decrease was more pronounced for Anglo-Americans than for Mexican-Americans. Finally, the data indicated that the perceived importance of group memberships is only weakly related to their cognitive accessibility. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shozo Takeno and intrinsic localized modes

Research into defect lattice dynamics played an important roll in the development of our work on the local mode properties of anharmonic lattices. Using a historical perspective I show that the different theoretical and experimental studies of the impurity-induced absorption associated with the low frequency resonances in alkali halide crystals provided the kernel for our breakout into a new area.
Quantum tunneling properties from a Wigner function study

Abstract We use a Wigner function description of a Gaussian wave packet to study tunneling through single and double quantum barriers. We note a tunneling time proportional to 1/k and a constant delay time associated with tunneling for the single barrier. The resonant structure gives rise to peaks in tunneling time associated with the resonant energy of the system. We study the initial distribution for the resonant tunneling diode. This is computed from a scattering state basis. Time evolution of the resonant tunneling system is then performed, yielding transient and steady-state results for the I–V curves.
Electrostatic Control of the Membrane Targeting of C2 Domains

Many proteins involved in signal transduction and vesicle trafficking contain C2 domains whose membrane association is often regulated by calcium. Here, finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann calculations are used to describe the electrostatic interactions between C2 domains of known structure and phospholipid membranes. The results explain how calcium binding can drive the association of some C2 domains to negatively charged membranes and others to neutral, zwitterionic membranes. Nonspecific electrostatic interactions are shown to be a general feature of many C2 domains of known structure, including the calcium-independent C2 domain of the PTEN tumor suppressor.
Amalgam decompositions for one-relator groups

Abstract It is known that a one-relator group G with at least three generators admits a proper free product with amalgamation decomposition ( A ★ B ; C ) with finitely generated factors. We call such a decomposition a Baumslag–Shalen decomposition. Little is known of the exact nature of the factors. Here we first prove that if the amalgamated subgroup is finitely presented, in particular free, then each factor is finitely presented. Using this we show that if G is a torsion-free one-relator group with Baumslag–Shalen decomposition ( A ★ B ; C ) with C free, then each factor is homologically equivalent to either a free group or a one-relator group. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are obtained for G to be cyclically pinched if the factors are free groups.
Implications of human genome research: Impact on graduate education in genetic counseling

A conference of genetic counseling and clinical nurse specialist graduate program directors was hosted by the National Society of Genetic Counselors and funded by the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Program of the National Center for Human Genome Research in June 1992. One aspect of the conference addressed implications of the Human Genome Initiative for graduate education in genetic counseling. Within this paper, the topics of human variation and diversity, genetic discrimination, issues in non-directiveness, and genetic screening and policy development are reviewed and recommendations made for graduate curricula development and enhancement. In addition, suggestions are included for practicing genetic counselors.
Red-Hot and Ice-Cold Web Ads: The Influence of Web Ads’ Warm and Cool Colors on Click-Through Rates

A field study compared the click-through rates of box and banner web ads with red and blue color schemes using data from more than 1.5 million ad impressions from 12 months of traffic on a popular news website. For box ads, a red (versus blue) color scheme generated substantially higher click-through rates, but for banner ads the effect of color was less pronounced. Consistent with research on color and attention, ads with a red color scheme elicited a greater number of responses. This finding also suggests, though, that habituation to certain types of ads, such as banner ads, can attenuate the effect of ad attributes.
Biosynthesis of anatoxin-a(s). Origin of the carbons

Abstract C-2, C-4, C-5 and C-6 of the potent anticholinesterase, anatoxin-a(s), in Anabaena flosaquae NRC 525-17 are derived from the guanido carbon, C-5, C-4 and C-3 of L-arginine, respectively, and the three O,N -methyl groups originate from the tetrahydrofolate C 1 pool. Erythro -4-Hydroxy- l -arginine, a minor constituent of the cyanophyte, may be a precursor in the biosynthesis.
Cryptanalysis and modification of digital signature scheme based on error-correcting code

W. Xinmei proposed a digital signature scheme based on the error-correcting code. The Letter points out that in the Xinmei scheme it is possible to combine valid signatures of messages into a valid signature of another message in polynomial time even when the factoring of large matrices is unknown. Some modifications are suggested to improve the security and performance
Action potentials and insulin secretion: new insights into the role of Kv channels

Coordinated electrical activity allows pancreatic beta-cells to respond to secretagogues with calcium entry followed by insulin secretion. Metabolism of glucose affects multiple membrane proteins including ion channels, transporters and pumps that collaborate in a cascade of electrical activity resulting in insulin release. Glucose induces beta-cell depolarization resulting in the firing of action potentials (APs), which are the primary electrical signal of the beta-cell. They are shaped by orchestrated activation of ion channels. Here we give an overview of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels of the beta-cell, which are responsible in part for the falling phase of the AP, and how their regulation affects insulin secretion. beta cells contain several Kv channels allowing dynamic integration of multiple signals on repolarization of glucose-stimulated APs. Recent studies on Kv channel regulation by cAMP and arachidonic acid and on the Kv2.1 null mouse have greatly increased our understanding of beta-cell excitation-secretion coupling.
METHOD FOR MEASURING DOPPLER SHIFTS IN ARC-HEATED FLOWS.

A novel method of determining both the Doppler and Stark shifts in a single measurement of spectral lines emitted by the arc-heated flow from a plasma jet has been successfully demonstrated. The method uses a spherical mirror arranged with its optical axis coincident with the optical axis of a Fabry-Perot interferometer and with its center of curvature at the center line of the flow. The common optical axis lies at an angle to the flow. With this system, both red- and blue-shifted line profiles are recorded in the same spectral scan. If conditions are such that the red- and blue-shifted profiles are not resolvable, the blue-shifted component is chopped so that the recorded signal consists of the envelopes of both the red-shifted profile and the superimposed red- and blue-shifted profiles. The wavelength difference between the blue- and red-shifted line profiles is exactly twice the Doppler shift integrated along a line of sight through the flow and is independent of a Stark shift. The Stark shift is given by the wavelength difference between the absolute line center and the midpoint of the red- and blue-shifted lines. Abel inversion of integrated line shift data has yielded radial velocity profiles to an accuracy of ±3% in a supersonic, arc-heated argon flow.
Partial Participation Revisited

This article reanalyzes the principle of partial participation, which was introduced in 1982 to support educational programming for students with the most severe and profound disabilities. The article presents four “error patterns” in how the concept has been used, some reasons why such error patterns have occurred, and strategies for avoiding these errors.
Chemo-Mechanical Study of a Hexameric Helicase on the Single-Molecule Level

Cell division involves DNA replication that requires the opening of double stranded DNA by cellular machines known as helicases. Although many of those essential enzymes are of hexameric structure, not much is known about coordination and the mechano-chemical function of these multimeric enzymes. Here, we study with single-molecule FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) a hexameric helicase of the DnaB family, called G40P. DnaB helicase is the essential replication helicase in prokaryotes and consists of 6 identical subunits that exhibit the widely shared RecA-fold in biological enzymes. In order to gain information about the chemo-mechanical cycle of G40P, we followed the time trajectory of individual enzymes while unwinding a DNA duplex. By the addition of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue ATPgS to the reaction at low ratio of ATPgS to ATP, we observed significant stalls during the unwinding process. Varying the concentration of ATPgS did not affect the lifetime of the stall, which indicates a strong coordination between the identical subunits. Based on this observation, we propose a highly coordinated subsequent ATP hydrolysis between the subunits, where binding ATPgS at a single site can stall the entire helicase. Furthermore, under suboptimal conditions like low ATP concentrations, we observed frequent repetitive slippage events of individual helicases, indicating a transient loss of tight binding to the DNA substrate.
Russian animated films of the 1960s as a reflection of the Thaw: ambiguities and violation of boundaries in Story of a Crime

AbstractStory of a Crime (Istoriia odnogo prestupleniia, Khitruk, 1962) can be considered a landmark in a new phase of Soviet animation. After years of animation directed exclusively at children, during the Khrushchev era Soviet animated films branched out to target adult audiences while tackling contemporary topics. With Story of a Crime, director Fedor Khitruk and art director Sergei Alimov offered an in-depth reading of that specific time in Soviet history, exploiting peculiarities of animation art that proved to be particularly effective in addressing the complexities of the period in question. Tensions between the collective and the individual and fleeting borderlines between private and public space were presented, on a thematic level, through the representation of ambiguous authorities and the ambivalent treatment of violation of accepted norms (from crime to ‘uncultured behaviour’) and, on a formal level, through the concept of liminal space and breaking of boundaries.
Between Balkanization and Banalization: Dilemmas of Ethno-cultural Diversity

Abstract This paper seeks to highlight the inescapable nature of the dilemmas that confront any attempt to reconcile the desire for political cohesion with respect for ethno-cultural diversity within any actually existing nation state. Methods of accommodating such diversity while maintaining the state's territorial integrity range from granting minorities regional autonomy to selectively incorporating aspects and symbols of their heritage and identity into a shared, trans-ethnic national tableau. Each of these approaches carries certain risks: the former may arouse fears of ‘Balkanization’, while the latter can be associated with assimilationist pressures that may be perceived as reducing substantive cultural differences to banal variations on a hegemonic national–cultural theme. In practice, any successful policy must rest on a flexible conception of state sovereignty and will likely rely on experimentation with a variety of options from along the Balkanization–banalization spectrum.
High school graduation for slow learners

Graduation for slow learning pupils enrolled in high school special classes is neither unrealistic nor impossible to attain. Unfortunately too few slow learning adolescents have the opportunity of education extended through the high school years. Generally this is because the traditional school programs and practices make no adequate provisions for older pupils of lower intellectual ability. Nevertheless, empirical studies over the past decade have given new insights into high school educational programs for slow learners. The studies show weaknesses in these programs, but they are of lesser consequence compared with the positive values obtained. An objective reappraisal of current school practices will suggest what high schools can do to educate more adequately adolescent slow learners.
How successful is antireflux surgery with regard to complications and continued use of medication after surgery

How successful is antireflux surgery with regard to complications and continued use of medication after surgery?
Induction of tumours in rats by feeding nitrosatable amines together with sodium nitrite

Feed containing 0.2% allantoin or diphenhydramine (as the hydrochloride) or 0.1% chlorpheniramine (as the maleate), with or without 0.2% sodium nitrite, was given ad lib. to groups of 20 or 24 male and 20 or 24 female F344 rats for 106 wk. Groups of 24 male and 24 female F344 rats were given drinking-water that contained N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide at a concentration of 0.1%, with or without 0.2% sodium nitrite, for 93 wk. Control rats were given untreated feed or drinking-water and nitrite-treated controls were given sodium nitrite at a concentration of 0.2% in feed or drinking-water. At the end of the treatment period the rats were given untreated feed and water and observed until death. There was little or no life-shortening effect in any treatment group. None of the four amines administered alone induced an increase in the incidence of any tumour in comparison with the untreated control groups. In the male rats given diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine or N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide concurrently with nitrite there was a significant increase in the incidence of liver neoplasms (hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules). In the groups given untreated feed or drinking-water there were, respectively, five and three male rats that had liver tumours. In contrast the number of male rats with liver tumours was ten in the group given dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide plus nitrite, 11 in that given diphenhydramine plus nitrite and 14 (eight with carcinomas) in the group given chlorpheniramine plus nitrite. These results suggest that the ingestion of dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride or chlorpheniramine under conditions when they could be nitrosated with nitrite in the stomach might present an increased carcinogenic risk.
Naloxone enhancement of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats.

Abstract Long-lasting visceral pain was produced in rats by the intraperitoneal injection of dilute acetic acid, and the response to this stimulus measured by observing the number of writhes over a subsequent 50 min. period. Prior treatment of the animals with naloxone or saline showed that naloxone increased the frequency of writhing. The enhancement by naloxone of the response to this nociceptive stimulus suggests that the binding of an endogenous opioid to the opiate receptors increases during prolonged nociceptive stimulation.
A bitmap-based access control for restricted views of XML documents

The information on the web is growing at a very fast pace. In this ever-accumulating data, the volume of information represented in XML format is on the rise in recent times. An organization that puts forth its information on the web in XML format has several issues to take into account such as limiting the view of intended audience to only relevant portions of the documents. To address this problem, we propose the concept of "Restricted views" to implement security in XML documents. This could be accomplished by defining "Access control" for the users trying to access the system. In this paper, we describe a bitmap-based approach to represent access control in XML documents. We also introduce a new three-dimensional bitmap called security cube, which efficiently represents access control on XML documents at their finest level of granularity.
How Chinese buyers rate foreign suppliers

Abstract The purpose of this article is to understand the behavior of Chinese industrial purchasers towards a variety of industrial products obtained from the 11 major foreign sourcing countries. In particular, this article pinpoints the effects of Chinese buyers' characteristics and country-of-origin on foreign product class selection. Also delineated are effects of different marketing mix variables on product quality perceptions as well as the strengths, intensity, and direction of buyers' attitudes and beliefs of different foreign products. It is expected that this paper will provide vital information to those individuals interested in international trade and business with China, as well as to others interested in its ramifications.
An h2o maser near sagittarius a east: Evidence for active massive star formation near the galactic center

We present the results of an H2O maser search of six fields in the inner 5' of the Galactic center using the Very Large Array (VLA) in its DnC configuration. Four new H2O masers are detected with typical luminosities of order 10-7 L☉. Three of the masers are associated with evolved stars and one with the Sgr A East H II region, which is identified as the closest active star-forming region to the Galactic center. This H II region and its associated H2O maser lie at the boundary between the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) source (Sgr A East) and an adjacent +50 km s-1 molecular cloud. Evidence that the pressure wave of the Sgr A East supernova explosion has reached the H II region is given by presenting a radio continuum image of Sgr A East at λ = 20 cm, and it is argued that the expanding SNR is inducing high-mass star formation. The possibility is considered that weak H2O masers, like the 1720 MHz OH masers found at the boundary of the W28 SNR and an adjacent molecular cloud, may also be used as a probe of massive star formation induced by the interaction of an expanding SNR and molecular clouds.
Parallel I/O for scientific applications on heterogeneous clusters: a resource-utilization approach

Clusters of workstations and PCs are gaining more popularity as an economical resource for parallel computing. However, clusters are prone to be heterogeneous in I/O as well as in processing power. As a result, the performance of I/O intensive parallel scientific applications in which processes are closely synchronized together can be very poor, due to a bottleneck caused by the placement of one or more I/O servers without appropriate consideration of I/O resources available. This paper presents heuristics to choose the number of I/O servers and place them on physical processors in a way to better exploit disk I/O resources and minimize total I/O time in heterogeneous cluster environments. Our experimental results show that the heuristics improve overall parallel I/O performance as much as by a factor of 2–4 on a cluster of SMPs, compared with the simple placements typically used in runtime I/O libraries and applications. Our approach is also suitable for other parallel I/O libraries, to better support I/O intensive parallel scientific applications in cluster environments.
Heterokaryosis inFusarium moniliforme

Abstract Ultraviolet light readily induced both auxotrophic and morphological mutants in isolates ofF. moniliforme from corn and sorghum. Sexual analysis of these mutants yielded a genetic map with several instances of linkage. Forced heterokaryons formed readily between auxotrophs of the same strain but not between auxotrophs of different strains. At least four nuclear gene loci, but not the mating-type locus, controlled heterokaryon formation in this fungus. In the auxotroph pairings, heterokaryosis was confined to the anastomosed cells; there was no evidence for nuclear migration through established hyphae. Genetic complementation occurred in anastomosed cells, and the products of this complementation were then translocated to the homokaryotic cells of the colony. No heterozygous diploids were recovered from the heterokaryons, although there was evidence for rare somatic gene recombination. Heterokaryosis in isolates ofF. moniliforme in nature is probably rare.
The Effect of Different Cereals on Feed Efficiency, Egg Quality and Shell Thickness

Abstract IT HAS been amply demonstrated that laying rations high in productive energy are more efficient in terms of pounds of feed required to produce a pound of eggs than are rations low in available energy (Singsen et al., 1950; Skinner and Quisenberry, 1950; Lillie et al., 1951; Singsen et al., 1952). The influence of high energy rations on egg characters has been less well defined, although Bearse et al. (1950) were unable to demonstrate any relationship between the energy content of the laying ration and egg weight, and Duncan (1953), in a trial where oats were compared with wheat in laying rations, did not find any significant difference in either egg weight or shell quality. Except for variations in yolk color, and poor shell texture as a result of marked deficiencies in the nutrients associated with mineral metabolism, it has been difficult to demonstrate that changes in physical egg characters …
Effects of the carrier frequency of interferential current on pain modulation in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Low back pain is an important public health problem that is associated with poor quality of life and disability. Among the electrophysical treatments, interferential current (IFC) has not been studied in patients with low back pain in a high-quality randomised controlled trial examining not only pain, but pain mechanisms and function.
Inflammatory hypersensitivity in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Thermal and mechanical stimuli have been used to monitor the development of neuropathic pain following an experimental injury to a branch of the trigeminal nerve. However, the response to inflammatory challenge has not been evaluated in a model of orofacial neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic constriction of the infraorbital nerve (IoN) enhances nociceptive responses elicited by the formalin test. The characteristic biphasic response (primarily directed grooming) to formalin injected subcutaneously in the right vibrissae pad was observed in sham-injury rats. Twenty-one days after IoN constriction, formalin injection provoked an immediate response that involved both directed grooming and other abnormal behaviors, e.g. flinching, trismus and shielding of the affected region. As with sham-injury rats, this was followed by a quiescent period and then a second phase of nocifensive behaviors. The total time recorded for all pain-related behaviors was significantly greater in rats with constrictive injuries (P<0.001), due primarily to the exhibition of novel pain-related responses. Histological examination (qualitative) revealed that chronic constriction resulted in a ligature-induced neuroma, as well as a partial denervation of the affected sensory field. Thus, an intense inflammatory hypersensitivity in a rat model of orofacial neuropathic pain develops in association with partial denervation and with an ongoing perineural inflammatory response and neuroma formation.
Investigating the Efficacy of Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation for Portal Vein Pressures and Portal Hypertension Monitoring

The efficacy of using subharmonic emissions from Sonazoid microbubbles (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) to track portal vein pressures and pressure changes was investigated in 14 canines using either slow- or high-flow models of portal hypertension (PH). A modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) operating in subharmonic mode (f(transmit): 2.5 MHz, f(receive): 1.25 MHz) was used to collect radiofrequency data at 10-40% incident acoustic power levels with 2-4 transmit cycles (in triplicate) before and after inducing PH. A pressure catheter (Millar Instruments, Inc., Houston, TX, USA) provided reference portal vein pressures. At optimum insonification, subharmonic signal amplitude changes correlated with portal vein pressure changes; r ranged from -0.82 to -0.94 and from -0.70 to -0.73 for PH models considered separately or together, respectively. The subharmonic signal amplitudes correlated with absolute portal vein pressures (r: -0.71 to -0.79). Statistically significant differences between subharmonic amplitudes, before and after inducing PH, were noted (p ≤ 0.01). Portal vein pressures estimated using subharmonic aided pressure estimation did not reveal significant differences (p > 0.05) with respect to the pressures obtained using the Millar pressure catheter. Subharmonic-aided pressure estimation may be useful clinically for portal vein pressure monitoring.
From imagination to application: Making the case for the general method of theory-building research in applied disciplines

Abstract A literature review on theory-building research exemplars was conducted in order to identify relevant theory-building research methods for HRD. The General Method of Theory Building Research in Applied Disciplines (Lynham, 2002a) is offered as one way to organize the myriad exemplars into one comprehensive theory-building research framework that begins with imagination and ends with continual application and refinement. This theory-building research framework encourages the development of multi-paradigm theory-building research and research design, and lays the foundation for an integrated perspective on the complementarity of the post-positive, qualitative and critical paradigms. Further, this framework accommodates realist, critical realist and post-structuralist ontologies and epistemologies. Finally, through this framework, sophisticated theory-building research skills are made explicit and thus can be nurtured and practised by HRD theorists.
Comparative Aspirin Absorption Kinetics after Administration of Sodium- and Potassium-Containing Buffered Solutions

Twelve fasting normal volunteers received three aspirin dosage forms in a single 325-mg dose in a complete crossover study; the plasma aspirin and salicylic acid levels and the urine salicylic acid and salicyluric acid levels were measured over 10 h. The three dosage forms included an unbuffered tablet and two effervescent solutions, one with sodium bicarbonate-citrate buffer and the other with potassium bicarbonate-citrate buffer. A significantly faster absorption rate was observed with the sodium bicarbonate-citrate buffer, when compared with the potassium bicarbonate-citrate buffer and the unbuffered tablets, which were equivalent. These differences were attributed primarily to gastric emptying rate differences. Urine pH and salicylate renal clearance were significantly affected by the single dose of antacid buffer. The area under the curve and urine accumulation comparisons suggested that ∼25% more aspirin reaches the general circulation intact after administration of the unbuffered tablet than the two solutions, but that the total salicylate absorbed is equivalent for all three dosage forms. This difference in aspirin bioavailability is probably due to the fact that the two buffered solutions are predominantly absorbed through the intestine, in which presystemic hydrolysis occurs, whereas a significant portion of the tablet dose is absorbed through the gastric mucosa.
Finite-alphabet based blind carrier frequency offset estimation for differentially coded OFDM

A novel blind carrier frequency offset estimator is proposed for differentially coded OFDM. Exploiting differential encoding and finiteness of signal constellation, our carrier-frequency offset estimation is carried out without requiring either channel knowledge or training. It is proved that under certain mild assumptions, the proposed estimator is capable of identifying the carrier-frequency offset with probability one. Different from some existing estimators, our proposed estimator does not rely on virtual subcarriers. More importantly, it is able to achieve reliable carrier frequency offset estimation by using only two received data blocks, which makes it very attractive especially for short-burst communications. The merits of our estimator are confirmed both by theoretical analysis and by simulations.
Proteomic characterization of herbicide safener‐induced proteins in the coleoptile of Triticum tauschii seedlings

Proteomic methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, as well as immunoblotting, were used to identify herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of Triticum tauschii, a diploid wheat containing the D genome also found in the cultivated, hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum. The herbicide safener fluxofenim dramatically increased protein abundance in the molecular weight (M r ) range of 24 to 30 kDa, as well as a few higher M r proteins, in the coleoptile of T. tauschii seedlings. In total, twenty proteins were identified in this study. Eleven proteins were highly safener induced and only weakly expressed in the control; seven proteins were new safener induced proteins that were not detected in the control. Two other proteins were constitutively expressed in both the control and safener-treated coleoptiles. Among the eighteen inducible proteins, fifteen were glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits that fall into three subclasses: eight proteins were from the tau subclass, six proteins were from the phi subclass, and one protein was from the lambda class. Another three safener inducible proteins showed homology to the aldo/keto reductase family and with proteins that have roles in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Two constitutively expressed proteins were identified, one having highest homology to the dehydroascorbate reductase subclass of GSTs and one with an ascorbate peroxidase. Immunoblot analyses, using two different antisera raised against the same GST protein but differing in their specificity, were used to further characterize the GST proteins expressed in response to safener treatment. Results from immunoblotting, combined with mass spectral analysis, showed that post-translational modification of GST proteins in control and safener-treated coleoptiles may occur.
Analysis of Queue Estimation Methods Using Wireless Magnetic Sensors

Four queue estimation methodologies were studied with wireless magnetic sensors installed on a single-lane loop on-ramp. Queue length estimation based on (a) occupancy measurements at the ramp entrance, (b) vehicle counts at the on-ramp entrance and exit, (c) speed measurements at the ramp entrance, and (d) vehicle reidentification were considered. These queue estimation methods were evaluated with available raw and processed sensor data retrieved from the test site through mobile data communication and downloaded from a server. The accuracy and reliability of the queue estimation methods were studied with ground truth data obtained from video. Discrepancies between inconsistent sensor and ground truth data were identified and further analyzed with raw data coming directly from the vehicle detection system at the on-ramp. Each of the methods analyzed had deficiencies that needed to be taken into account and compensated for if they were to be used for applications that involved ramp metering with accurate ...
Larval Development of Cecal Worm (Heterakis gallinarum) in Chickens

Abstract THE frequency of occurrence and significance of the temporary invasion of Heterakis gallinarum larvae into the cecal mucosa as part of the larvae’s development is controversial. Riley and James (1921) reported marked inflammation of the cecal walls of infected chickens but did not describe a tissue phase. Dorman (1928) and Clapham (1933) indicated that all larvae developed in the lumen. Uribe (1922) designated the 2nd to the 5th day post-exposure as the period when all larvae were in the “bottom of the crypts of the cecal mucosa.” According to Itagaki (1930) no larvae were found in the cecal wall but some were buried in the cecal glands where they seemed to develop to maturity. Baker (1933) observed that “larvae showed a pronounced tendency to invade” but only the anterior one half of the larvae penetrated the glandular crypts of the mucosa. Tyzzer (1934) found the larvae penetrating the epithelia of…