cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualizing risk: images, risk and fear in a health campaign

This essay considers the structure of risk in health campaign formation and design by examining an early 20th century federal campaign to reduce infant mortality. Health campaigns navigate the gap between study and practice, translating quantitative findings into prescriptive responses for individual consumers of the text. By focusing specifically on the visual rhetoric of risk, this campaign serves as a case study to examine how the public was taught to see and understand risk and preventive health at a critical point in the development of public health in the United States.
Transvenous catheter ablation of extranodal accessory pathways

Abstract Twelve patients with an accessory pathway and recurrent symptomatic reciprocating tachycardia or atrial fibrillation, or both, underwent attempted transvenous catheter ablation of the accessory pathway. In one patient with a small right coronary artery, the pathway was along the right free wall. In 11 patients, the pathway was located at or within 15 mm of the coronary sinus os. For these patients, a quadripolar electrode catheter was placed in the coronary sinus and positioned, if possible, so that the proximal pair of electrodes straddled the pathway. For those patients with a pathway > 5 mm within the coronary sinus, the most proximal electrode was placed at the os. This proximal pair of electrodes was connected to the cathodal output of a defibrillator with an anterior chest wall patch serving as the current sink. Two shocks were then delivered for a cumulative energy of 500 to 600 J (stored energy). Among the eight patients with a pathway at or within 5 mm of the coronary sinus os, conduction over the pathway was abolished in five and modified in one. Among the four patients with a pathway farther from the os (10 to 15 mm) and along the right free wall, pathway conduction was modified only in two. Rupture of the coronary sinus did not occur in any patient. There were no serious complications. Minor damage surrounding the area of ablation was seen at the time of surgical division of the accessory pathway in two of five patients with unsuccessful ablation who subsequently underwent surgery. Transvenous catheter ablation of accessory pathways appears to be a safe and reasonably effective alternative to surgery for those patients with a pathway at or near the coronary sinus os, but not for those with a pathway farther from the septum. Although subsequent intraoperative mapping was more difficult because of the loss of large, discrete atrial electrograms, surgical division was successful in all five patients after unsuccessful catheter ablation.
CONSOLIDATE: merging heuristic classification with causal reasoning in machine fault diagnosis

An approach is described which utilizes causal knowledge in assisting the heuristic classification method to solve routine faults. When an unfamiliar fault occurs, the system uses the intended function of the various subsystems to isolate the fault. It is demonstrated how the CONSOLIDATE system works on a simple problem with an automotive carburetor. The system has been implemented in Smalltalk. >
Heme Oxygenase-1 Is Regulated by Angiotensin II in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Recently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to be present in vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on HO-1 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. After treatment with 100 nmol/L Ang II, HO-1 mRNA levels were decreased, with a nadir at 2 hours (39±9% of the control level, P P 2 did not block this downregulation. However, this effect was not observed in the absence of calcium and presence of EGTA (2 mmol/L). Furthermore, a 2-hour incubation with calcium ionophore or arginine vasopressin decreased HO-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that an increase of intracellular calcium mediates the downregulation. In conclusion, Ang II decreases HO-1 mRNA in a calcium-dependent manner in vascular smooth muscle cells, which may provide a novel mechanism for the modulation of vascular tone and oxidative stress.
A two-channel Ku-band BiCMOS digital beam-forming receiver for polarization-agile phased-array applications

A 15 GHz two-channel receiver is presented for digital beam-forming applications. The receiver is based on a dual-down-conversion architecture for interference mitigation and results in a channel gain (I and Q paths) of 47.1 dB centered at 15 GHz, with an instantaneous bandwidth of 170 MHz. A 2-bit gain control (0−16 dB) is also provided at the IF stage. The measured NF is 3.1 dB and is independent of the gain state. The measured OP1dB is −11 dBm and the input P1dB is −57 to −41 dBm depending on the gain, and is ideal for satellite applications. The channel-to-channel coupling is ≪ −48 dB. The chip is built using a 0.18−µm SiGe BiCMOS process, has ESD protection diodes on the RF and DC pads, consumes 70 mA per channel from a 3.3 V power supply and is 2.6×2.2 mm2, including all pads. To our knowledge, this is the first high-performance Ku-band beam-forming chip in SiGe BiCMOS technology.
Management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

To the Editor .— We read with interest the article by Chang et al1 on the management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) in newborn infants. Chang et al used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) covering the years 1988–1997 to examine trends in the use of the Norwood procedure, heart transplantation, and mortality over time. They also examined patient and hospital characteristics to assess whether they had any influence on management decisions. Chang et al claimed the in-hospital mortality rate fell from 54.4% in 1988 to 38.1% in 1997 and use of the Norwood procedure increased from 8% to 34% over the same time period. They also found that hospitals in the South were more likely to use the Norwood procedure relative to other regions of the country—a finding that “cannot be easily explained.” In this letter, we address these findings. Central to the Chang et al analysis is the development of the sample from the NIS. Chang et al claim to have identified patients in the NIS with multiple hospitalizations. This is not possible because the NIS does not contain unique individual identifiers (personal communication with intramural staff at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality). This error led Chang et al to include patients in their sample who were transferred to an acute care hospital “not included in the NIS data.” The result of this sample selection procedure was to artificially increase the sample size by the inclusion of over 500 patients who were …
Experiences in implementing an energy-driven task scheduler in RT-Linux

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is being increasingly used for power management in embedded systems. Energy is a scarce resource in embedded real-time systems and energy consumption must be carefully balanced against real-time responsiveness. We describe our experiences in implementing an energy driven task scheduler in RT-Linux. We attempt to minimize the energy consumed by a taskset while guaranteeing that all task deadlines are met. Our algorithm, which we call LEDF, follows a greedy approach and schedules as many tasks as possible at a low CPU speed in a power-aware manner We present simulation results on energy savings using LEDF, and we validate our approach using the RT-Linux testbed on the AMD Athlon 4 processor. Power measurements taken on the testbed closely match the power estimates obtained using simulation. Our results show that DVS results in significant energy savings for practical real-life task sets. We also show that when CPU speeds are restricted to only a few discrete values, this approach saves more energy than currently existing methods.
A Parallel Implementation of the Katsevich Algorithm for 3-D CT Image Reconstruction

Yu and Wang [1, 2] implemented the first theoretically exact spiral cone-beam reconstruction algorithm developed by Katsevich [3, 4]. This algorithm requires a high computational cost when the data amount becomes large. Here we study a parallel computing scheme for the Katsevich algorithm to facilitate the image reconstruction. Based on the proposed parallel algorithm, several numerical tests are conducted on a high performance computing (HPC) cluster with thirty two 64-bit AMD-based Opteron processors. The standard phantom data [5] is used to establish the performance benchmarks. The results show that our parallel algorithm significantly reduces the reconstruction time, achieving high speedup and efficiency.
Prenatal compared with parental origins of adolescent fatness

BACKGROUND Differences in prenatal growth influence postnatal body fat. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the role of parental body composition on the "tracking" of adolescent fatness. DESIGN The study population consisted of 1993 white subjects and their parents. Measurements were taken at birth and again at the age of either 15, 16, or 17 y. The newborns were classified in 3 groups: small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age. The mothers and fathers of the adolescents were classified into low and high subgroups on the basis of measurements of body mass index (BMI). Similarly, the mothers of the adolescents were classified into lean and fat subgroups on the basis of measurements of triceps skinfold thickness. RESULTS Heavy newborns became heavier or fatter adolescents only when the mother or father was also fat and, among heavy newborns, the risk of becoming fat adolescents was approximately 5.7 times higher when the mother was fat rather than lean. CONCLUSIONS Large newborns become fat adolescents only when the mother or father is also overweight or fat (ie, has either a high BMI or large skinfold thickness). These findings suggest that fatness during adolescence is related to parental fatness but not to prenatal fatness. Therefore, preventing higher levels of adiposity among newborns is unlikely to reduce overall adiposity in adolescence.
Teaching video neuroimages: pulsatile proptosis.

A 44-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 had been aware that his right eye pulsated. His visual acuity was 20/15 in both eyes and his intraocular pressures were normal. He had 4 mm of right exophthalmos and there was pulse-synchronous pulsation of the right eye (video on the Neurology ® Web site at [www.neurology.org][1]). No bruit was heard. Lisch nodules were present on both irides. CT showed a large osseous defect of the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone. The differential diagnosis of pulsatile proptosis includes absence of the sphenoid wing in patients with neurofibromatosis 1,1 carotid-cavernous fistula, orbital roof fractures, and arteriovenous malfor-mations.2 [1]: http://www.neurology.org/
Very, Very Fast Wetting

Just after formation, optical fibers are wetted stably with acrylate at capillary numbers routinely exceeding 1000. It is hypothesized that this is possible because of dissolution of air into the liquid coating. A lubrication/boundary integral analysis that includes gas diffusion and solubility is developed. It is applied using conservatively estimated solubility and diffusivity coefficients and solutions are found that are consistent with industry practice and with the hypothesis. The results also agree with the claim of Deneka, Kar & Mensah (1988) that the use of high solubility gases to bathe a wetting line allows significantly greater wetting speeds. The solutions indicate a maximum speed of wetting which increases with gas solubility and with reduction in wetting-channel diameter.
Memory circles: The implications of (not) grieving at cancer camps

Each summer, Camp Anuenue is in session. Billed as an opportunity for young people with cancer to have a “normal” camping experience, this camp provides a sense of community and a needed break from hospital stays. Despite increasing survival rates for young people with cancer, a number of children and teenagers die each year. However, because Camp Anuenue is designed as a place to have fun, discussions of death and dying are often marginalized. Following a social drama and outpouring of communal grief in 1992, camp administrators implemented a grieving ritual. During the next four years, there was a struggle regarding where and how grief should be enacted. As the objective of the ritual gradually shifted from communal grieving to sharing favorite moments from camp, young people found more informal and individual ways of processing grief.
Amazon Mechanical Turk: A Research Tool for Organizations and Information Systems Scholars

Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), a system for crowdsourcing work, has been used in many academic fields to support research and could be similarly useful for information systems research. This paper briefly describes the functioning of the AMT system and presents a simple typology of research data collected using AMT. For each kind of data, it discusses potential threats to reliability and validity and possible ways to address those threats. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of possible applications of AMT to research on organizations and information systems.
Effect of GIP and GLP-1 antagonists on insulin release in the rat

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are potent insulinotropic peptides released from the small intestine. To examine their relative contribution t...
Rapid Techniques for Correcting Nanosecond Kinetic Traces for Convolution Error

In the analysis of data on fast transients, such as are taken in pulse radiolysis or flash photolysis, significant errors may be introduced by neglect of convolution of the chemical or photophysical transient with the excitation pulse shape and with the time response function of the detection apparatus. Due to the commutative and associative properties of the convolution integral, the observed signal S(t) in a linear system is given by $$\text{S}(\text{t}) = \int\limits_o^t {\text{I}(\text{t}')\,\text{G}(\text{t - t}')\,\text{dt}' = \int\limits_\text{o}^\text{t} {\text{G}(\text{t}')} \,I(\text{t - t'})\,\text{dt}'}$$ (1) where I(t) is the ideal signal that would be obtained with a pulse of negligible width and a detector of infinite bandwidth, and where G(t) is itself given by the convolution of the excitation pulse shape E(t) with the detector response function R(t): $$\text{G}(\text{t}) = \int\limits_o^t {\text{E}(\text{t}')\,\text{R}(\text{t - t}')\,\text{dt}'}$$ (2) G(t) is ordinarily measured directly by passing the excitation pulse (or a signal proportional to it) through the detector, although variations in the detector response function with wavelength may also have to be taken into account (1). The formalism applies equally to the photon counting technique and to single shot, analog experiments employing intense pulsed sources, photomultiplier tube detectors, and fast transient digitizers.
Does signalling solve the lemons problem

Maybe. Lemons and signalling models generally deal with different welfare problems, the former with withdrawal of high quality sellers, and the latter with socially wasteful signals. Absent signalling, with asymmetric information, high productivity workers may not be employed where they are valued the most. If one’s productivity is known in alternative employment, signalling that overcomes the lemons problem will only occur if it increases welfare.
Using Nondestructive Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometers on Stone, Ceramics, Metals, and Other Materials in Museums: Advantages and Limitations

Elemental analysis is a fundamental method of analysis on archaeological materials to address their overall composition or identify the source of their geological components, yet having access to instrumentation, its often destructive nature, and the time and cost of analyses have limited the number and/or size of archaeological artifacts tested. The development of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instruments over the past decade, however, has allowed nondestructive analyses to be conducted in museums around the world, on virtually any size artifact, producing data for up to several hundred samples per day. Major issues have been raised, however, about the sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of these devices, and the limitation of performing surface analysis on potentially heterogeneous objects. The advantages and limitations of pXRF are discussed here regarding archaeological studies of obsidian, ceramics, metals, bone, and painted materials.
Unemployment Insurance: Strengthening the Relationship between Theory and Policy

Ever since the U.S. federal–state system of unemployment insurance was founded in the 1930s, it has provided partial, temporary replacement of wages to eligible workers who lose jobs “through no fault of their own” (as determined by state-level regulations). Unemployment insurance is one of the largest social insurance programs in the United States, with benefits paid totaling about $34 billion in 2004. This figure is considerably smaller than for Social Security, Medicare or Medicaid, but it exceeds spending on such major programs as Workers’ Compensation, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) or Food Stamps. In this paper we focus on the ways economic theory can help us understand the challenges that this complex program is likely to face over the next few years. We begin by summarizing the salient characteristics of the unemployment insurance program and then examine the theoretical and econometric research. Much of this research revolves around the main goals of the program, which include: 1) sustaining consumption for workers and their families; 2) helping recipients to make efficient job choices during a period of financial stress; and 3) minimizing the adverse incentives that may accompany partial wage replacement. Of course, these goals can come into conflict—for example, if replacing wages for an unemployed worker also discourages that worker from aggressively searching for or accepting a new job—and our discussion will focus on these conflicts. With this background, we then conclude with a discussion of the key policy issues that the unemployment
Propagation of the Virus of Lymphogranuloma Venereum on the Chorioallantois of the Developing Egg

of the developing egg, a field in which there has been a lack of unanimity in the results obtained by other workers.' It was hoped that a simple and suitable method for titrating the virus might thus become available and that lesions might result which would serve to distinguish this virus from others producing a round cell meningo-encephalitis following the intracerebral inoculation of mice. The value of infected egg membranes as a reliable source of Frei anti-
Optimally Topologically Transitive Orbits in Discrete Dynamical Systems

Every orbit of a rigid rotation of a circle by a fixed irrational angle is dense. However, the apparent uniformity of the distribution of iterates after a finite number of iterations appears striki...
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Associated With Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that can mimic inflammatory panniculitis, particularly lupus erythematosus panniculitis, clinically and histologically. Patients with SPTL generally have a benign course, though SPTL can be complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome, which can negatively impact prognosis. We report a patient with recurrent SPTL and hemophagocytic syndrome accompanied by a necrotizing lymphadenitis consistent with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. SPTL and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease have not previously been reported to occur together, but share many overlapping features. The relationship between these disorders, LE-associated panniculitis, and lupus lymphadenitis deserves further exploration.
94 TO TREAT OR NOT TO TREAT: BIAS AND BARRIERS TO HEPATITIS C CARE AMONG THE HOMELESS OF SKID ROW.

Background The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the homeless population occupying the Skid Row District of Los Angeles County is an estimated 54%, compared with a national prevalence of 1.6%. Yet although the need for treatment among the homeless is dire, almost none receive treatment for the disease. Purpose The purpose of this study is to illuminate the systemic barriers to HCV treatment for the homeless. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 534 homeless adults in Skid Row selected by two-stage probability sampling in 2003. Comparing LA County HCV treatment eligibility guidelines to consensus-based guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), our study participants were categorized into four groups: eligible for treatment, eligible for treatment at the provider9s discretion, contraindicated for treatment, and no treatment guidance offered. Results In our sample of 534 homeless patients, 28% were HCV positive. Of these, only 5% would be offered treatment, 33% would be offered treatment at the discretion of the provider, and 32% were deemed ineligible for treatment using AASLD guidelines. For the 30% of patients who were suffering from severe mental illness or drug use without rehabilitation, no recommendations for treatment were offered at all. Not a single homeless person, by contrast, would be deemed eligible for treatment under LA County guidelines. Conclusions Evidence-based revisions to LA County and AALSD guidelines are recommended to better meet the unique treatment needs of the HCV-positive homeless community.
Critical exponents and thresholds for percolation and conduction

We review recent developments in percolation, lattice animals and percolation conductivity theories. We also review recent improvements in numerical methods which are crucial for the study of percolation and related theories.
The Strayed Reveller (1849),Empedocles on Etna (1852), Poems (1853)

Arnold’s years at Balliol College (1841–4) were decisive for his subsequent literary career and the formation of his mature thought. This is not to say that he was very successful as a student. Arnold went into residence at Oxford after distinguishing himself at Rugby and winning an open scholarship, but his formal studies seemed to stagnate at Balliol. He earned a reputation there not as a scholar but as a dandified dresser, a flippant wit, and an avid fisherman and whist player. He ended by obtaining a disappointing second-class BA in ‘Greats’.
The clothes make the man: The relation of sociocultural factors and sexual orientation to appearance and product involvement

Abstract In a sample of 730 men, using hierarchical regression, we examined the relation of appearance orientation, body satisfaction, internalization, perceived pressures to be lean and muscular, and sexual orientation to the importance men place in apparel and grooming products. Although investment in appearance was the strongest predictor for both product categories, internalization, body satisfaction, pressures about leanness and muscularity, and sexual orientation also were related, explaining 30–39% of the variance. Thus, men may use such appearance-enhancing products as a result of sociocultural factors but also to meet internalized societal ideals about attractiveness.
A Lucretian Version of Pastoral

On the infrequent occasions when De Rerum Natura is discussed in terms of pastoral, it is assumed that Lucretius describes the typical locus amoenus familiar since Plato's Phaedrus , and critics concentrate either on tracing his Hellenistic sources or on the basic contrast between luxury and simplicity. But there is more to Lucretian pastoral, just as there is more to Lucretius' atomic universe, than meets the eye. The essence of his pastoral is original, centered around animals rather than shepherds, and his use of pastoral pervades the poem and is integral to its design. The most inclusive definition of pastoral possible is Empson's, the expression of the complex through the simple. It is more useful, however, to think of pastoral as the expression of an unfulfillable longing for a simpler and happier life, which may include a return from the city to the country, from politics to the land, from the Iron Age to the Golden Age, from war to peace, from vice to virtue, or from adulthood to childhood. Traditional pastoral is usually set in the country among shepherds and flocks, and man and nature interact harmoniously according to what has been called since Ruskin the ‘pathetic fallacy’. Plato ‘creates’ pastoral by contrasting city and country in the Phaedrus . Roman poetry uses elements of the urban-rural contrast not only in pastoral poetry as such but in satire, elegy and epic as well. The varied directions in which individual poets take the generic pastoral form are as interesting as the persistence of the form itself, and Lucretius' version, occurring as it does in a didactic epic, is extremely individual when viewed both from within and without the classical tradition of pastoral.
Development and implementation of a hybrid process for two-sided surface mount assembly

A hybrid process for assembling a mixture of surface-mount and through-hole components on two sides of a 12 in.*18 in. subpanel has recently been developed and successfully implemented at Hewlett Packard computer manufacturing. The larger surface mount components are assembled on the front side of the board with the HP standard surface-mount process. Then the board is flipped back side up and a nonconductive adhesive is deposited, followed by placement of the smaller passive components on top of the tacky adhesive. The assembly subsequently goes through an IR oven to cure the adhesive. The through-hole parts are then inserted and all the backside and through-hole joints are wave soldered. After about six months of development and pilot testing, this process has successfully been implemented at the production line. With the preliminary defect data available, defect levels have been recorded at >
Can Active Memory Replace Attention

Several mechanisms to focus attention of a neural network on selected parts of its input or memory have been used successfully in deep learning models in recent years. Attention has improved image classification, image captioning, speech recognition, generative models, and learning algorithmic tasks, but it had probably the largest impact on neural machine translation. Recently, similar improvements have been obtained using alternative mechanisms that do not focus on a single part of a memory but operate on all of it in parallel, in a uniform way. Such mechanism, which we call active memory, improved over attention in algorithmic tasks, image processing, and in generative modelling. So far, however, active memory has not improved over attention for most natural language processing tasks, in particular for machine translation. We analyze this shortcoming in this paper and propose an extended model of active memory that matches existing attention models on neural machine translation and generalizes better to longer sentences. We investigate this model and explain why previous active memory models did not succeed. Finally, we discuss when active memory brings most benefits and where attention can be a better choice.
Wnt10b and Dkk-1 gene therapy differentially influenced trabecular bone architecture, soft tissue integrity, and osteophytosis in a skeletally mature rat model of osteoarthritis.

ABSTRACTAims: Our goals in the current experiments were to determine if (a) upregulation of Wnt signaling would induce osteoarthritis changes in stable stifle joints and (b) if downregulation of Wnt signaling in destabilized joints would influence the progression of OA. Methods: At 37 weeks of age, rats were injected in the stifle joint with a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector containing the Wnt-inhibitor Dkk-1 or a Wnt10b transgene. At 40 weeks of age, rats underwent surgical destabilization of the joint. At 50 weeks of age, stifle joints were submitted for micro-computed tomography and histopathological analysis. Results: Injection of either Wnt10b or Dkk-1 transgenes in stable joints improved bone architectural parameters, but worsened soft tissue integrity. Osteophytosis was decreased by Dkk-1, but unchanged by Wnt10b. Destabilization negatively influenced bone architecture, increased osteophytosis, and decreased soft tissue integrity. Dkk-1 exacerbated the negative effects of destabilization,...
Abstract 2195: A high-throughput chemical screen identifies synergistic activity between crizotinib and transcriptional CDK inhibitors in ALK-mutated neuroblastoma

Activating mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) represent important therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma (NB). One of the more common mutations, ALK F1174L , is sensitive to the FDA-approved ALK inhibitor, crizotinib, only at high doses and mediates acquired resistance to crizotinib in ALK-rearranged cancers. To identify compounds that would potentiate the effect of crizotinib, we performed a high-throughput compound screen using ALK F1174L -dependent human NB SH-SY5Y cells and compared viability between cells treated with the screen compound alone and in combination with crizotinib. The strongest “hits” among the ∼8,000 compounds screened were inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). The combination of crizotinib and two candidate pan-selective CDK inhibitors, AT7519 and SNS-032 resulted in synergistic activity with significantly increased apoptosis over that of either single agent alone. This effect was observed in NB cells expressing not only ALK F1174L , but also in those expressing ALK R1275Q , the most common NB-associated ALK mutation. Synergy was also seen with ceritinib (LDK378), a structurally unrelated ALK inhibitor, in combination with both AT7519 and SNS-032. We determined that the synergistic effect was mediated preferentially through the transcriptional, rather than the cell cycle activity of these CDK inhibitors, denoted by absence of cell cycle arrest, stalling of RNA polymerase II at representative gene promoters, and loss of Pol II phosphorylation at the transcription elongation marker serine 2 in treated cells. These findings were comparable with results obtained using agents that were highly selective for CDK9 or CDK7, CDKs with roles in transcription regulation. Finally, in murine xenogaft models of ALK-mutated NB, the combination resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival compared to single agents alone. Together, these data support further pre-clinical and clinical efforts to explore the therapeutic potential of combining ALK inhibitors with transcriptional CDK inhibitors in ALK-mutated NB. Citation Format: Nathan F. Moore, Edmond Chipumuro, Clark M. Hatheway, Tinghu Zhang, Nathanael S. Gray, Rani E. George. A high-throughput chemical screen identifies synergistic activity between crizotinib and transcriptional CDK inhibitors in ALK-mutated neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2195. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2195
KLF2 and KLF4 Are Essential Mediators of the Anti-Thrombotic Effects of Statins in the Presence of Antiphospholipid/Anti-ß2GPI Antibodies,

Abstract Abstract 3272 Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy loss in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). The majority of APLA are directed against phospholipid binding proteins, particularly β2GPI. Anti-s2GPI antibodies activate endothelial cells and monocytes in a β2GPI-dependent manner through a pathway that involves NF-κB and leads to increased expression of adhesion molecules, tissue factor and proinflammatory cytokines. Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) regulate endothelial cell and monocyte responses to inflammatory stimuli; increased expression of these transcription factors inhibits proinflammatory and procoagulant gene expression, and maintains vascular homeostasis. We recently reported that anti-s2GPI antibodies decrease the expression of KLF2 and KLF4 in endothelial cells (Allen et al, Blood 2011), promoting endothelial cell activation. Subsequent studies demonstrate that these antibodies decrease expression of KLF2 in monocytes as well. Statins have been proposed as a potential alternative to anticoagulation for APS patients, and stimulate the expression of KLFs. We hypothesized that the ability of statins to block endothelial cell activation in response to anti-β2GPI antibodies was mediated by KLFs. Treatment of endothelial cells and monocytes with 100 nM fluvastatin, lovastatin, or simvastatin upregulated KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA, even in the presence of anti-s2GPI antibodies. In parallel, statin treatment inhibited the anti-β2GPI antibody-mediated induction of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and TF mRNA in endothelial cells, and ICAM-1 and TF mRNA in human monocytes. To assess the dependence of these effects on KLF expression, endothelial cells were pretreated with KLF2 or KLF4 siRNA prior to treatment with statins. siRNA-mediated inhibition of KLF expression completely blocked the ability of statins to prevent anti-β2GPI antibody-induced endothelial cell activation, as measured by adhesion molecule and TF mRNA levels and expression of E-selectin on the endothelial cell surface. Taken together, these data demonstrate that KLFs are critical modulators of the effects of statins on endothelial cells, and that increased expression of KLFs may represent a mechanism by which these drugs inhibit the activation of endothelial cells and monocytes by APLA/anti-β2GPI antibodies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Black Esophagus, White Esophagus, or Shades of Gray?

Esophageal stricture following an ischemic event may present acutely or with delayed symptoms of dysphagia. The findings reported by Kim et al provide additional evidence that the phenomenon of "black" and "white" esophagus falls within a spectrum of disease that requires case-specific consideration to effectively manage these patients.
Subsidized energy and its effect on energy consumption in Saudi Arabia

As the top exporter of crude oil, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) supplies almost a fifth of global oil demand. At home, it has been able to keep fuel prices well below international benchmarks via subsidies. Their current price of gasoline, at $0.16 per liter, is eight times lower than the world average and the price of diesel, at $0.07 per liter, is eighteen times lower than the world average. These subsidized fuel prices are often criticized for their ability to cause overconsumption of energy. However, the extent to which subsidized prices affect fuel consumption remains unknown. Thus, it is also unclear how much fuel consumption would change in the event of a subsidy reform. In order to quantify the potential benefits of a subsidy reform, the purpose of this study is to estimate the price elasticity of demand for fuel products in KSA. Using data from 1990-2010 from the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) and the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), I first employ Granger causality tests to demonstrate evidence for unidirectional causality from energy price to energy consumption. Then, I use ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate the price elasticity of demand over this time period. Finally, I use the coefficient obtained by OLS to estimate the changes in energy consumption that would follow from hypothetical price increases. I find that KSA could decrease its gasoline consumption by 10% if it raised the price to the level of other countries of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This finding indicates that there are significant benefits to an energy subsidy reform in KSA in terms of restraining domestic consumption. Restraining domestic fuel consumption would help to preserve the Kingdom’s export capacity and reign in environmental pollution.
Clinical Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Proteinuria in Miniature Schnauzers.

Background Primary hypertriglyceridemia is a common condition in older Miniature Schnauzers that recently has been associated with proteinuria and underlying glomerular pathology, particularly glomerular lipid thromboemboli. Consequences of glomerular disease can include hypertension, thromboembolic disease, and cardiac disease. The incidence of these sequelae in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia-associated proteinuria (HTGP) is unknown. Objective To investigate prevalence of hypertension, decreased antithrombin III activity, and cardiac disease in Miniature Schnauzers with and without HTGP. Animals Thirty-two Miniature Schnauzers ≥7 years old. Methods Prospective case-control study. Data collected from dogs included a CBC, biochemistry panel, urinalysis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio, serum total thyroxine concentration, fasting serum triglyceride concentration, indirect blood pressure, antithrombin III activity, and serum cardiac troponin I concentration. Results from dogs with HTGP (serum triglyceride concentration ≥ 100 mg/dL and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5) were statistically compared to normotriglyceridemic, nonproteinuric dogs. Results Eighteen of the 32 dogs (56%) had primary hypertriglyceridemia. Of those dogs, 8 of 18 had proteinuria. None of the HTGP dogs were azotemic or hypoalbuminemic. Serum albumin concentration, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cholesterol concentration were significantly increased in dogs with HGTP compared to those without HGTP. No increased risk of hypertension, decreased antithrombin III activity, or cardiac disease was noted. Limited data from 8 dogs with HTGP showed no development of hypoalbuminemia or azotemia over a median follow-up period of 18 months. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Geriatric Miniature Schnauzers with HGTP may have a good prognosis overall, and are not typically azotemic or hypoalbuminemic.
¿Prevalece el caos? Reflexiones sobre el eclecticismo técnico y la integración asimilativa

Lazarus contends that efforts to integrate psychotherapy at the theoretical level have fostered the same unfortunate profusion of competing approaches associated with nonintegrative traditional schools of psychotherapy. Messer views this flowering of integrative theories as unavoidable, even desirable, and as consistent with a social constructionist view of reality. As an alternative to theoretical integration, Lazarus advocates technical eclecticism, which he considers to be governed by observations rather than theories, and as such, draws freely upon techniques validated within other frameworks. Messer argues that such observations are necessarily theory laden, and that techniques imported from other therapies are colored by, and assimilated within, the new clinical and theoretical context in which they are employed, and therefore must be validated anew.
Turbulent Flow and Modeling in Turbomachinery

The preceding Chapter dealt with stability of laminar flows, their perturbation and transition to the turbulent state. In discussing the transition process, we prepared the essentials for better understanding the basic physics of the more complex turbulent flow, which is still an unresolved and extremely challenging problem in fluid mechanics.
The Biologics Industry: How Federal Regulation Enhances Quality of Vaccine and Antibody Manufacture

Credit — This lesson is good for 0.2 CE units, with a passing grade of 70%.Objectives1. Describe the historical development of federal regulations that affect manufacture of vaccines and antibodies...
Containment of Projective Identification as a Means of Ego Development: Theological Considerations

One assumption in the work of integrating psychological theories with theological theories is that both may benefit from the shared truth underlying the systems. In psychoanalysis the development o...
Playing the Early Modern Tomboy

This chapter uses the puzzling figure of the “tomboy” to examine the close relationship between boyishness and the queering of gender in early modern drama. Although we tend to think of femininity as being threatening to the social order, I consider the way that the female “boy” exhibits unruly masculinity. I argue that the early modern tomboy’s female masculinity in plays like Shakespeare’s Cymbeline and Thomas Lodge’s Lady Alimony, or the Alimony Lady help construct an idea of boyish masculinity that is proper to the male body, even as they reveal the potential for improper female bodies to exhibit sexual desire. Associated with illicit masculinized female desire, tomboys queer our perceptions of early modern categories of childhood by exposing boyish masculinity as a construction. As J. Halberstam says of female masculinity in general, early modern tomboys are “the rejected scraps of dominant masculinity” that enable male masculinity to “appear to be the real thing.”
Intelligence Defined: Wundt, James, Cattell, Thorndike, Goddard, and Yerkes

This chapter presents a critical survey of early attempts to define intelligence. Topics covered include Wilhelm Wundt on apperception, William James on association by similarity, James McKeen Cattell and mental testing, Charles Spearman and the ‘g ’factor, Edward L. Thorndike and connectionism, The Binet-Simon intelligence scale, Henry Goddard and ‘the ‘feeble-minded,’ Robert M. Yerkes and the Army Testing Project.
Cogeneration using multi-effect distillation and a solar-powered supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycles are considered to be a potentially viable option for reducing the cost of electricity generation from solar power tower plants, owing to theoretically high efficiency, low compressor work, and compact turbomachinery. These cycles have relatively high heat rejection temperatures (>70 °C), which are ideal for integration with multi-effect distillation (MED) for distillate generation from seawater, without being a parasitic load to the power plant as compared to cogeneration with steam Rankine cycle. The intermittency of solar radiation reduces the annual capacity factor of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants to about 50–60% even with a molten salt storage tank of 10-h. This reduces the annual distillate generation and increases the cost of the distillate. A novel concept to reduce distillate cost is introduced, whereby the waste heat from the sCO2 Brayton cycle is stored. A two-tank demineralized water storage tank is selected and is shown to allow for the integration of a smaller MED system operating at an increased capacity factor. The optimal storage tank design reduces the distillate cost by 19% and increase the MED capacity factor from 46.4% to 75%. Different coastal locations with good solar resource are studied for cogeneration with the CSP-sCO2 Brayton cycle. Techno-economic analysis shows the cost of distillate produced by MED is 16% cheaper than the distillate produced from reverse osmosis system for Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract 5067: Identification of key drivers of cancer stemness and progression regulated by vitamin D compounds in ductal carcinomain situbreast cancer

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the pre-invasive form of breast cancer, counts for one out of every five new breast cancer diagnoses. About one-third to half of the DCIS patients will progress to invasive breast cancer within 10 years of initial diagnosis. The disappearance of myoepithelial layer and disruption of the basement membrane are the hallmarks of transition from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Our laboratory has previously shown that vitamin D compounds decreased the MCF10DCIS.com xenograft tumors and inhibited the invasive transition from DCIS to IDC. We have also demonstrated that vitamin D compounds inhibited mammosphere formation by targeting breast cancer stem-like population and putative stem cell markers in MCF10DCIS cells. However, the key molecular mechanisms that govern the transition from DCIS to IDC are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we have performed RNA sequencing analysis of mammospheres treated with vitamin D compounds to identify potential genes that regulate breast cancer stemness and potentially the progression of DCIS to IDC. The mammosphere culture system has been shown to enrich stemness in tumor cells grown in low-attachment tissue culture plates. Upon treatment of mammospheres with vitamin D compounds, we identified down-regulation of genes that are involved in maintenance of breast cancer stem-like cells (e.g. GDF15, XBP1 and ALDH1A3), genes that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis (e.g. LCNZ and S100A4), genes that confer breast cancer chemo-resistance (e.g. NGFR, PPP1R1B1, and AGR2) and genes that serve as biomarkers of basal breast cancer (e.g. NGFR). We also observed the up-regulation of genes that are associated with basal-like phenotype (e.g. KRT6A and KRT5), genes that regulate breast tumorigenesis (e.g. EMP1) and genes that regulate breast cancer stem cell self-renewal (e.g. DICER1). Our data set encompasses over 20,000 genes, providing us with unbiased insight to understand the overall gene expression profiling in DCIS breast cancer stem cells treated with vitamin D compounds. Thus, this study helps us identify genes that are key drivers of breast cancer stemness and progression and those regulated by vitamin D compounds. Further mechanistic studies of these significant genes will elucidate the natural history of DCIS progression to IDC, and provide us with target genes to prevent breast cancer progression. (This project is funded by Busch Biomedical Grant, Rutgers University) Citation Format: Naing Lin Shan, Min Ji Bak, Li Cai, Roman Wernyj, Davit Sargsyan, David Cheng, Audrey Minden, Ah-Ng Tony Kong, Nanjoo Suh. Identification of key drivers of cancer stemness and progression regulated by vitamin D compounds in ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5067.
The Business Meeting: A Cross-cultural Experiential Learning Activity

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a simulation designed to help students learn about the challenges and necessary skills for conducting business in cross-cultural settings. The exercise involves assignin...
Making the Lead: Article and Contextual Correlates of Front-Page Coverage within the Immigration-Crime Debate

AbstractWhile an abundance of literature demonstrates that immigration is associated with lower rates of crime, public opinion expects the opposite. There remain many reasons for such incongruity, ...
Operation of Parallel Grid-Supporting PVs

In this paper, we investigate operation of multiple solar photovoltaic (PVs) in utility grid integration and islanded microgrid. Two PVs are considered and the grid-supporting inverters are adopted for the two PVs. The PVs are able to work in both utility grid and microgrid with the same control scheme. The control scheme is based on the conventional P- f and Q-v droop control strategy. Smooth transition between grid-connected to islanded mode is achieved. Moreover, we investigate the effect of load transients during stand-alone operation on PV performance, including dc side voltages. The investigation is carried out by computer simulation of two parallel-connected PV inverters in Matlab/SimPowerSystems environment. Two operation cases, grid-connected and transition to islanded mode, are presented.