cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Secreted by Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)–infected Cells Can Enhance or Inhibit Replication of HIV-1 in HTLV-I–uninfected Cells: Implications for In Vivo Coinfection with HTLV-I and HIV-1

It remains controversial whether human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) coinfection leads to more rapid progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in dually infected individuals. To investigate whether HTLV-I infection of certain cells can modulate HIV-1 infection of surrounding cells, primary CD4+ T cells were treated with cell-free supernatants from HTLV-I–infected MT-2 cell cultures. The primary CD4+ T cells became resistant to macrophage (M)-tropic HIV-1 but highly susceptible to T cell (T)-tropic HIV-1. The CC chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β in the MT-2 cell supernatants were identified as the major suppressive factors for M-tropic HIV-1 as well as the enhancers of T-tropic HIV-1 infection, whereas soluble Tax protein increased susceptibility to both M- and T-tropic HIV-1. The effect of Tax or CC chemokines on T-tropic HIV-1 was mediated, at least in part, by increasing HIV Env-mediated fusogenicity. Our data suggest that the net effect of HTLV-I coinfection in HIV-infected individuals favors the transition from M- to T-tropic HIV phenotype, which is generally indicative of progressive HIV disease.
Res-Erection of Viagra as a Heart Drug

In 1998, the world was formally introduced to Viagra (sildenafil), the first oral agent to be approved in the United States for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Developed by Pfizer chemists, sildenafil inhibited phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), one of the 11-member superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotide monophosphates and among the first discovered that was selective for cGMP. PDE5 had been identified more than 2 decades earlier, first as a protein that bound cGMP and later as one that hydrolyzed it (the binding function turning out to be a mechanism to regulate activity).1 Sildenafil induces vasorelaxation by blocking PDE5-cGMP hydrolysis, raising cGMP levels in smooth muscle to activate protein kinase G (also known as cGK). In platelets, this blunts thrombosis; together, the effects suggested a potential use for coronary vascular disease and hypertension. Pfizer initiated trials targeting coronary ischemia, but, although antianginal effects were disappointing, the study gave a whole new meaning to the term “side effect,” effectively hijacking sildenafil from cardiovascular development to a rather different indication. Article see p 8 There were still some cardiovascular studies performed, but essentially all were limited assessments of volunteer populations, mostly normal and at rest and some with cardiovascular disease; the results were interpreted to support safety for patients taking the drug. In particular, blood pressure changes were slight if present at all, and cardiac function appeared unaltered. Well into the mid 2000s, PDE5 was thought to be expressed in selective vascular beds, lung and corpus cavernosum being dominant, and to have a minor cardiovascular profile elsewhere, with a negligible role in the heart. Sildenafil reemergence as …
When do only sources need to compute? On functional compression in tree networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of functional compression for an arbitrary tree network. Suppose we have k possibly correlated source processes in a tree network, and a receiver in its root wishes to compute a deterministic function of these processes. Other nodes of this tree (called intermediate nodes) are allowed to perform some computations to satisfy the node's demand. Our objective is to find a lower bound on feasible rates for different links of this tree network (called a rate lower bound) and propose a coding scheme to achieve this rate lower bound in some cases. The rate region of functional compression problem has been an open problem. However, it has been solved for some simple networks under some special conditions. For instance, [1] considered the rate region of a network with two transmitters and a receiver under a condition on source random variables. Here, we derive a rate lower bound for an arbitrary tree network based on the graph entropy. We introduce a new condition on colorings of source random variables' characteristic graphs called the coloring connectivity condition (C.C.C.). We show that unlike the condition mentioned in [1], this condition is necessary and sufficient for any achievable coding scheme. We also show that unlike the entropy, the graph entropy does not satisfy the chain rule. For one stage trees with correlated sources, and general trees with independent sources, we propose a modularized coding scheme based on graph colorings to perform arbitrarily close to this rate lower bound. We show that in a general tree network case with independent sources, to achieve the rate lower bound, intermediate nodes should perform some computations. However, for a family of functions and RVs called coloring proper sets, it is sufficient to have intermediate nodes act like relays to perform arbitrarily close to the rate lower bound.
R-locus deleterious factors in Mormoniella.

New data are presented on 37 R-locus mutant genes containing deleterious factors or crossover suppressors. Twenty-seven of these genes are among the 206 recognizable eye-color mutants previously found by others in experiments in which wild-type males were irradiated and mated, siring 11062 daughters examined, mutation rate 1.86%. With the addition of eight mutants from later simdlar tests there were 38 mutants failing to breed, probably being dominant steriles, and seven immature, probably dominant lethals. Of the l60 mutants given successful breeding test, 80 were normal and 80 contained delcterious factors of different types - lethals, near-steriles, femalesteriles, and male-stertles. Rate of deleterious factor productdon differs according to the factor mutating to produce the eye-color marker. Among the l07 genes changed in factor S alone, 68 were also deleterious (63.6%) but for the 45 in O, there were only nine (20.0%), suggesting a more sensitive region near S. More than one deleterious factor may be produced simultaneously with an eye-color change and one defeet may mask others. The gene which forms a temporary unit of segregation in heterozygotes is of a higher order of magnitude than units of heredity (gene elements, cistrons) which may be permanently present dn the germ plasm.more » Because of the high mutation rate to the marker eye colors scarlet and oyster white, the genetical structure of the R region may be easily studied. (auth)« less
Importance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in advanced melanoma

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a prognostic factor for patients with stage IV melanoma. To gain insights into the biology underlying this prognostic factor, we analyzed total serum LDH, serum LDH isoenzymes, and serum lactate in up to 49 patients with metastatic melanoma. Our data demonstrate that high serum LDH is associated with a significant increase in LDH isoenzymes 3 and 4, and a decrease in LDH isoenzymes 1 and 2. Since LDH isoenzymes play a role in both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), we subsequently determined using tissue microarray (TMA) analysis that the levels of proteins associated with mitochondrial function, lactate metabolism, and regulators of glycolysis were all elevated in advanced melanomas compared with nevic melanocytes. To investigate whether in advanced melanoma, the glycolysis and OXPHOS pathways might be linked, we determined expression of the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1 and 4. Analysis of a nevus-to-melanoma progression TMA revealed that MCT4, and to a lesser extend MCT1, were elevated with progression to advanced melanoma. Further analysis of human melanoma specimens using the Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer indicated that metastatic melanoma tumors derived a large fraction of energy from OXPHOS. Taken together, these findings suggest that in stage IV melanomas with normal serum LDH, glycolysis and OXPHOS may provide metabolic symbiosis within the same tumor, whereas in stage IV melanomas with high serum LDH glycolysis is the principle source of energy.
Molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in yeast

PERSPECTIVE AND SUMMARY 1051 YEAST PROMOTER ELEMENTS 1052 SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEINS 1054 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION 1059 REGULATION 1062 MORE CO~vlPLEX PHENOMENA 1063 Multiple Proteins Recognizing the Same Target Sequence 1063 Multiple Proteins Necessary for a Single DNA-Binding Event 1065 Multiple Proteins Necessary for Activation or Repression 1066 Activation and Repression by the Same Protein 1067 Functional Distinctions Between TATA Elements 1068 Poly(dA-dT) Sequences and the Effect of Chromatin 1069 Upstream Activator Proteins Function When Bound at the TATA Position 1070 MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION AND REPRESSION 1070 EVOLUTION 1073
The Use of Microorganisms as Ground‐Water Tracers: A Review

Microbial contamination of ground water results in numerous disease outbreaks each year. Tracing their movement in ground water is therefore essential. Bacteria, viruses, yeasts and spores have been used for this purpose and to trace underground movement of water in much the same manner as chemical tracers are used. Chemical tracers do not always reflect the movement of microorganisms in ground water. The use of certain bacteria and animal viruses is undesirable due to their pathogenic potential and difficulties in their differentiation from background, naturally-occurring organisms. Bacterial viruses appear to be the microorganisms most suited as a microbial tracer because of their size, ease of assay and lack of pathogenicity. Bacteriophages have been used to trace ground-water movement over distances of 1,600 meters and can be used under a variety of conditions.
The Application of the Transcendental Meditation Program to Corrections

This paper describes research studies on the application of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program to corrections and crime prevention. Physiological and psychological laboratory studies of the TM program that bear on inmate rehabilitation are briefly reviewed, followed by consideration of applied studies. Research projects in eight correctional settings are narratively and quantitatively reviewed. They indicate that regular practice of the TM program leads to positive changes in health, personality development, and behavior among inmates. Evidence of reduced recidivism among inmates instructed in the TM program is also indicated. Implications of the research for some correctional issues are also discussed.
Nonlinear magneto-plasmonics

Nonlinear magneto-plasmonics (NMP) describes systems where nonlinear optics, magnetics and plasmonics are all involved. In such systems, nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect (nonlinear MOKE) plays an important role as a characterization method, and Surface Plasmons (SPs) work as catalyst to induce many new effects. Magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation (MSHG) is the major nonlinear magneto-optical process involved. The new effects include enhanced MSHG, controlled and enhanced magnetic contrast, etc. Nanostructures such as thin films, nanoparticles, nanogratings, and nanoarrays are critical for the excitation of SPs, which makes NMP an interdisciplinary research field in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this review article, we organize recent work in this field into two categories: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) representing propagating surface plasmons, and localized surface plasmons (LSPs), also called particle plasmons. We review the structures, experiments, findings, and the applications of NMP from various groups.
Wealthier and Healthier? China's Recent Health Achievements in Comparative Perspective

We examine whether China's remarkable reduction in income poverty has been accompanied by comparable progress in health. Our findings are fourfold: (a) province-level rates of improvement in life expectancy were higher in the 1990s than in the 1970s and the 1980s, and were lowest in the 1980s. (b) Even in the 1990s, when the province-level rates of improvement in life expectancy were highest, they were lower than for many countries with similar initial life expectancy level (although higher than the average for all such countries). (c) China's life expectancy improvement between 1980 and 2000 was achieved much more quickly by almost all other countries considered, and in particular by most lower middle income countries that had similar life expectancy improvements. Similar conclusions are drawn from an analysis of China's life expectancy improvements relative to two other sets of comparator countries: selected presently rich countries and high-growth East Asian countries. (d) Even those Chinese provinces which performed best over the period experienced rates of improvement that were significantly lower than for comparator countries. China's experience of reducing health deprivations has been notably less impressive than its record of income poverty reduction. Our conclusions suggest the need for China to invest in the development and maintenance of its public health infrastructure.
Balancing History and Development in Seattle's Pike/Pine Neighborhood Conservation District

In this study, I examine the only neighborhood conservation district (NCD) in Seattle—Pike/Pine—to question whether planners and preservationists can successfully work together to maintain its neig...
Consequences of Influencing Physician Behavior.

EnglishDr Judson and colleagues1 discussed balancing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for physician behavior. Any plan to alter physician behavior via applied motivation should have, as an intrinsic component, assessments to determine the full effect of the applied motivation. For example, Judson and colleagues provided an example of how financial incentives related to patient care revenues enhanced the delivery of patient services in an academic medical department. This approach has been successful in increasing clinical revenues across many academic departments.2 However, one untoward effect has been that time spent by academic physicians on academic activities such as clinical research and teaching has decreased by 50%.3 The effect of this change on the academic mission has been largely ignored.2 EnglishIn response to our Viewpoint on extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to change physician behavior, Dr Meador states that incentives should be assessed for intended and unintended consequences, and we agree. However, Meador argues that the rise of financial motivators has directly caused a decrease in clinical research and teaching. This argument is difficult to make conclusively, since so many factors have changed in academic medicine over this period. Our thesis in the Viewpoint was that a careful balance of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators, thoughtfully customized to one’s own organization, is key to promoting efficiency and drive. It is unlikely that any single financial motivator is decreasing the time spent on research and teaching. Instead, it is the balance of motivators and shifts in that balance that may affect how physicians spend their time.
Can supplemental nitrate in cured meats be used as a means of increasing residual and dietary nitrate and subsequent potential for physiological nitric oxide without affecting product properties

The effects of formulated sodium nitrate plus supplemental nitrate (SN) from celery juice powder on residual nitrite, residual nitrate, rancidity, microbial growth, color, sensory properties, and proximate composition of frankfurters, cotto salami and boneless ham during storage (1°C) were studied. The products were assigned one of two treatments, which were each replicated twice: control (156ppm sodium nitrite) or SN (156ppm sodium nitrite and 1718ppm sodium nitrate in combination with 2% VegStable 502). Sensory parameters and proximate composition were measured once for each replication. All other analytical measurements were conducted at regular intervals for 97-98days. The SN showed no increase in residual nitrite compared to the control. No changes (P>0.05) were observed in residual nitrate during storage for any of the products. The results showed that addition of SN did not significantly alter most physical, chemical or microbial properties of cured meat products during refrigerated storage, but some product dependent sensory effects were observed.
The Space $$\mathcal{P}_{ n}$$ of Positive n × n Matrices

In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move. Many races believe that it was created by some sort of god, though the Jatravartid people of Viltvodle VI believe that the entire Universe was in fact sneezed out of the nose of a being called the Great Green Arkleseizure. Great Green Arkleseizure
The West Block in Neronian Phases 1 and 2

OVERVIEW OF THE NERONIAN WEST BLOCK AND THE WEST COURT As Figures 6 and 11 indicate, Severus and Celer found a number of standing buildings in the area of the West Block when they began their project. For the most part, their procedure is easy to reconstruct, consistent with their practice throughout the Esquiline Wing. They had their own conception of what they wanted to build here, which, as I argue presently, was a reasonably canonical patrician villa suburbana. This design is most recognizable in the original Domus Transitoria project (Neronian phase 1), but was substantially modified in the Domus Aurea project (Neronian phase 2). Because Severus and Celer were creating an imperial residence, the earlier buildings they found on the site were generally incompatible with their needs, requiring widespread razing. Not only does Figure 29 indicate the original Neronian design, but also the Neronian parts represent the scale of the razing required to clear the site for Severus and Celer's design. The area in question is interesting in itself. Keeping in mind that Neronian phase 1 was the Domus Transitoria project, that is, before the great fire of a.d. 64, Severus and Celer did not have a completely free hand over the entire Esquiline hill, but had to make do with whatever parcels of land Nero could obtain for them. Apparently, this did not include some of the commercial properties in the Pentagonal Court area, nor whatever stood in the area of the East Block.
Automated Manufacturing at Western Kentucky University

Faculty members in the Department of Industrial Technology at Western Kentucky University have developed a model automated manufacturing laboratory (AML) for the purpose of teaching concepts and techniques of computer integrated manufacturing. The facility is equipped with industrial grade machines that offer the following capabilities: robotic materials handling, automated inspection using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and machine vision, computer numerical controlled machining applications and materials handling using a programmable logic controlled conveyor system (see Figure 1).
QTc Prolongation May Be a Late Biomarker of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation (OHT) Rejection

Author(s): Carter, Erik V; Castillo, Carmen; Chen, Belinda; Doering, Lynn V; Drew, Barbara J; Hickey, Kathleen T; Pickham, David; Sciacca, Robert R
Publish or Perish! Constance de Salm's Identity Crisis and Unfulfilled Promise

This article focuses on a little-known text by Constance de Salm (1767–1845), an author of increasing interest to specialists in early nineteenth-century literature. It examines in particular the r...
Paternal Induction of Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster Is Weakly Correlated with Both P -Element and hobo Element Dosage.

Transposable elements (TEs) are virtually ubiquitous components of genomes, yet they often impose significant fitness consequences on their hosts. In addition to producing specific deleterious mutations by insertional inactivation, TEs also impose general fitness costs by inducing DNA damage and participating in ectopic recombination. These latter fitness costs are often assumed to be dosage-dependent, with stronger effects occurring in the presence of higher TE copy numbers. We test this assumption in Drosophila melanogaster by considering the relationship between the copy number of two active DNA transposons, P-element and hobo element, and the incidence of hybrid dysgenesis, a sterility syndrome associated with transposon activity in the germline. By harnessing a subset of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a group of fully-sequenced D. melanogaster strains, we describe quantitative and structural variation in P-elements and hobo elements among wild-derived genomes and associate these factors with hybrid dysgenesis. We find that the incidence of hybrid dysgenesis is associated with both P-element and hobo element copy number in a dosage-dependent manner. However, the relationship is weak for both TEs, suggesting that dosage alone explains only a small part of TE-associated fitness costs.
Fictions of the Courtly Self: French Ballet in the Age of Louis XIV

Court ballet after the Fronde has been understood as a technique for subjugating nobles, literally and metaphorically keeping them dancing in the monarch's orbit. This essay reconsiders ballet's ro...
Upcycling Secondary Physical Education: The Journey to Creating Goal-Oriented Courses.

The ultimate goal of a quality physical education program is to develop physically literate individuals who demonstrate skill competencies, apply knowledge, demonstrate health-enhancing behaviors, exhibit prosocial behaviors, and recognize the value of physical activity for a lifetime.The development and implementation of goal-oriented physical education courses is just one step toward the upcycling of secondary physical education.This article highlights the steps when developing quality secondary physical education courses that emphasize the learning of skills, knowledge and positive attitudes. By understanding the interconnectedness of planning, teaching, assessing and learning, a high-quality course can be developed to ensure student learning and student growth.The purpose of this article is to address the ‘upcycling’ of secondary physical education through the development of goal-oriented courses.
Sensor networks for routine indoor air quality monitoring in buildings: Impacts of placement, accuracy, and number of sensors

High-performance buildings will increasingly use sensors to control ventilation and manage indoor air quality, but there is little knowledge regarding placement and accuracy limitations. The author...
Optimization of Field and Laboratory Sample Processing for Characterization of Metallic Residues at Military Training Ranges

Military ranges are unlike many waste sites because the contaminants, both energetics and metals, are heterogeneously distributed in soil during explosive detonation or ballistic impact and cannot be readily characterized using conventional grab sampling. The Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) has been successful for characterization of energetic contamination in soils, but no published ISM processing studies for soils with small arms range metals such as Pb, Cu, Sb, and Zn exists. This study evaluated several ISM sample-processing steps: (1) field splitting to reduce the sample mass shipped to the analytical laboratory, (2) necessity of milling, and (3) processing a larger subsample mass for digestion in lieu of milling. Cone-and-quartering and rotary sectorial splitting techniques yielded poor precision and positively skewed distributions. Hence, an increase in digestion mass from 2 to 10 g was evaluated with milled and unmilled samples. Unmilled samples yielded results with the largest variability regardless of aliquot mass.
Evaluation of Alternative Euthanasia Methods of Neonatal Chickens.

Hatched male layer chicks are currently euthanized by maceration in the United States. Public concerns on the use of maceration have led to the search for alternative methods. We hypothesized that gas inhalation and low atmospheric pressure stunning (LAPS) are viable and humane alternatives to instantaneous mechanical destruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of recently hatched male layer chicks when subjected to carbon dioxide, nitrogen inhalation, or LAPS. The study consisted of seven treatments: breathing air (NEG), 25% carbon dioxide (CO2), 50% CO2, 75% CO2, 90% CO2, 100% nitrogen (N2), or LAPS. Ten day-of-hatch, male layer chicks were randomly assigned to each treatment, and each treatment was replicated on ten different days. A custom-made vacuum system was used to reduce air pressure inside the chamber from 100.12 kPa to 15.3 kPa for the LAPS treatment. Serum corticosterone and serotonin levels were measured using commercially available competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Latencies to loss of posture and motionlessness were determined from video recordings. The 25% and 50% CO2 treatments were discontinued after the first replication, as the majority of the chicks recovered. The chicks in the negative (NEG) group had significantly higher levels of corticosterone than the other four euthanasia treatments. On the other hand, the serotonin levels of chicks in the NEG group was significantly lower when compared to the other four euthanasia treatments. The latencies to loss of posture and motionlessness of chicks exposed to 75% and 90% CO2 were significantly shorter than those in the LAPS and N2 inhalation treatments. These data suggest that the stress responses of chicks to the CO2, N2, and LAPS treatments do not differ among each other. However, the CO2 inhalation method was faster in inducing loss of posture and motionlessness in chicks than the LAPS and N2 inhalation treatments.
Relationship of mitochondrial energy production with the rate and efficiency of whole body growth in young growing animals

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 2 Literature Cited 2 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 History of Mitochondrial Research 3 Mitochondria Structure and Function 6 Energy Use in the Whole Body 11 Inefficiencies in Mitochondrial Energy Production 14 Control of Mitochondrial Energy Production 21 General Summary 28 Literature Cited 29 CHAPTER 3. QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND EFFICIENCY OF ANIMAL GROWTH 38 Abstract 38 Introduction 39 Materials and Methods 40 Results and Discussion 43 Implications 49 Literature Cited 49
Scrotal Surgery: A Reliable Method for the Prevention of Postoperative Hematoma and Edema

AbstractHematoma and edema are the most frequently encountered complications of scrotal surgery. Unless properly managed, both conditions can lead to significant morbidity for the patient. A simple method is described that effectively and reliably eliminates these untoward effects for men undergoing orchiectomy, hydrocelectomy, spermatocelectomy or epididymectomy.
The use of Sinemet CR in the management of mild to moderate Parkinson's disease

The pharmacokinetic advantage of controlled-release carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet CR) is its slow dissolution and gradual absorption, resulting in more sustained plasma levodopa levels and higher plasma troughs. In patients with moderately severe disease, the benefits include less severe "wearing-off," a modest increase in daily "on" time, and fewer daily doses. Bioavailability of Sinemet CR levodopa is less than that of standard Sinemet, so a slightly higher total daily levodopa dose is required to achieve a comparable effect; but because Sinemet CR is absorbed much more slowly than is the standard preparation, dosing frequency can be reduced by up to half. For most patients, titration will be required after the transition has been made from standard to controlled-release Sinemet. The effect of Sinemet CR on dyskinesias is often difficult to predict and, in individual patients, may depend on the temporal pattern of dyskinesias being experienced. Success in using this new preparation depends on understanding its pharmacokinetic properties, judicious patient selection, and an effective program of patient education.
Developing Artificially Intelligent Justice

Artificial intelligence, or AI, promises to assist, modify, and replace human decision-making, including in court. AI already supports many aspects of how judges decide cases, and the prospect of “robot judges” suddenly seems plausible—even imminent. This Article argues that AI adjudication will profoundly affect the adjudicatory values held by legal actors as well as the public at large. The impact is likely to be greatest in areas, including criminal justice and appellate decision-making, where “equitable justice,” or discretionary moral judgment, is frequently considered paramount. By offering efficiency and at least an appearance of impartiality, AI adjudication will both foster and benefit from a turn toward “codified justice,” an adjudicatory paradigm that favors standardization above discretion. Further, AI adjudication will generate a range of concerns relating to its tendency to make the legal system more incomprehensible, data-based, alienating, and disillusioning. And potential responses, such as crafting a division of labor between human and AI adjudicators, each pose their own challenges. The single most promising response is for the government to play a greater role in structuring the emerging market for AI justice, but auspicious reform proposals would borrow several interrelated approaches. Similar dynamics will likely extend to other aspects of government, such that choices about how to incorporate AI in the judiciary will inform the future path of AI development more broadly.
A Review of Botanicals Exhibiting Antifungal Activity Against Malassezia spp. Implicated in Common Skin Conditions

The integration of botanicals in commercial cosmeceuticals, personal care products, and home remedies has fostered a need for a better understanding of the potential efficacies of these interventions. This review identified plants with antifungal activity against Malassezia, a commensal yeast implicated in inflammatory skin conditions. We sought to discover plants with potent activity comparable or superior to current antifungal agents. Malassezia plays a unique role in the pathology of skin disease, encoding for extracellular lipases that initiate an inflammatory response on the surface of the skin and prevent attack through the creation of biofilms. Antifungal resistance is on the rise, with current agents demonstrating increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations when tested in vitro. Several plant species exhibited anti-Malassezia activity, including Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Allium sativum, and Hypericum perforatum, among others. We recommend further research aimed at identification of the plant secondary metabolites responsible for this activity.
Thermal Management of Power Electronics Using Stochastic, Open-Cell Metal Foams

The advent of wide-bandgap devices comes with improved performance, but also potentially much higher volumetric heat generation. These new devices require a system-level re-examination of packaging, including thermal management solutions. Metal foams have been investigated for various purposes including electronics cooling. This paper investigates using metal foam cold plates for power electronics module cooling. Pore-scale simulations were used to obtain parameters for volume-averaged simulations, which were then utilized for full-scale module level cooling investigations after experimental validation. It was found that metal foams have a higher pressure drop than traditional straight-fin solutions, but that the improvement of thermal interface materials between the foam and substrate would make metal foams a practical candidate for power electronics thermal management.
Song and Vision in the US Labor Movement

This chapter discusses the centrality of song in working-class and popular movements. Songs may have deeper impact than arguments, not only because they are more easily remembered and communicated, but also because they address underlying moral issues in the struggle. Embodying a common culture, they outlast particular campaigns and thereby help lay the basis for an enduring organization. Here, we focus on the evolution of working-class songs in the US, taking into account regional and ethnic differences. We also look at efforts to commodify expressions of protest, and we examine the continuing struggle, in the face of such practice, to maintain artistic integrity and class loyalty while at the same time reaching a mass audience.
Mechanism for Increased Viscous Drag over Porous Sheet Acoustic Liners

Traditional acoustic liners used in damping sound in aircraft applications consist of a porous face sheet, honeycomb core, and solid backing. Experiments have observed that, under conditions of hig...
Giant mesenteric lymphangioma

Abstract Mesenteric lymphagiomas are cystic lesions and therefore called mesenteric cysts. They are benign tumors of the lymphatic system, with low incidence in the general population, and even lower in the pediatric population. The clinical presentation is quite variable raging from incidentally found or even as a cause of acute abdomen. This study reports the rare case of giant mesenteric lymphangioma in a child with complaints of recurrent abdominal pain, referred to the pediatric hepatology service for ascites investigation, identified on physical examination and confirmed on abdominal ultrasound. On admission, a abdominal computed tomography was requested, revealing a massive cystic formation, which occupied the lower two-thirds of the abdomen. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, upon which a large mesenteric cyst in the jejunum was visualized. The histological analysis of the cyst revealed findings are compatible with lymphangioma. After surgical procedure, the patient maintained a good clinical evolution, with complete resolution of abdominal pain. Although rare, mesenteric lymphangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis list of gastrointestinal symptoms and recurrent abdominal pain in children. In addition, there may be initial confusion with ascites when there are large-volume tumors.
Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Physical Unclonable Function and Chaotic System

With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices and the recent advancement in wireless communications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will find many new uses in people’s production and life, bringing great convenience to the public. Meanwhile, the cybersecurity of UAVs is gaining significant attention due to both financial and strategic information and value involved in aerial applications, and UAV and sensitive data collected by embedded sensors are subject to new security challenges and privacy issues. Traditional cryptographic techniques can be deployed to provide fundamental security services, however, they have been shown to be inefficient because of intrinsic resource constraints of UAVs and the open nature of wireless communication. For the sake of providing secure authentication between communication parties and further ensuring data security and privacy, this paper proposes a lightweight mutual authentication protocol, also referred to as PCAP, for secure communications between UAVs and ground station. The basic idea of the PCAP is that UAV and ground station use the challenge-response pair of physical unclonable function as the initial condition of chaotic system to randomly shuffle the message which piggybacks a seed to generate a secret session key. We conduct simulation experiments using OMNeT++to validate the effectiveness of the PCAP. The simulation results show that the PCAP can achieve better performance in terms of computation cost, communication overhead, and energy consumption of communication compared to prior cryptographic technique, indicating a viable approach for securing communications between UAVs and ground station.
Genome-Wide Identification of Transcription Start Sites in Two Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 and Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444

ABSTRACT Here, we report the genome-wide identification of transcription start sites (TSSs) from two Alphaproteobacteria grown under conditions that result in significant changes in gene expression. TSSs that were identified as present in one condition or both will be an important resource for future studies of these, and possibly other, Alphaproteobacteria.
Associations Between Physical Activity and Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life Across 7 Years Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective To examine associations of objectively-measured free-living physical activity (PA) with changes in depressive symptoms and mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over 7 years following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Background The contributions of PA to improvements in mental and physical health following RYGB, independent of weight loss, are unclear. Methods Adults undergoing RYGB in a US multi-center cohort study wore an activity monitor and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) annually ≤7 years (N = 646; 78% female, median age 47 years, median BMI 46 kg/m). Linear mixed models estimated associations of quartiles of steps, sedentary behavior (SB), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), respectively, with pre-to-post-surgery changes in the BDI and SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores, respectively, over 1-7 years post-surgery, with adjustment for sex, age, race, pre-surgery body mass index, the respective pre-surgery score, treatment for depression (time-varying) and pre-to-post-surgery weight change (time-varying). Results There were dose-response associations between steps, SB (inverse) and MVPA quartiles, respectively, with improvements in each score. Across follow-up, mean improvements in the BDI, MCS and PCS scores, were 1.9 (95%CI, 1.0-2.8), 3.1 (95%CI, 1.5-4.7), and 4.0 (95%CI, 2.7-5.4) points higher, respectively, in the highest versus lowest steps quartile. Conclusion Among adults who underwent RYGB, multiple objective PA measures were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms and improvements in mental and physical HRQoL throughout 7 years, independent of weight loss, indicating PA is a modifiable behavior to augment outcomes.
Well-being in Residency: Impact of an Online Physician Well-being Course on Resiliency and Burnout in Incoming Residents.

Background and objectives Wellness in residency has come to the forefront of national graduate medical education initiatives. Exponential growth in knowledge and skill development occurs under immense pressures, with physical, mental, and emotional stressors putting residents at burnout risk. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires programs to attend to resident wellness, providing the structure, environment, and resources to address burnout. This study's purpose was to evaluate the Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine online Physician Well-being Course (PWC) with incoming postgraduate year-1 (PGY-1) residents in multiple residencies across a single health care system. The PWC teaches the learner strategies for building resilience, managing stress, identifying signs of burnout, and mindfulness practices including a self-selected daily 10-minute resiliency activity (meditation, gratitude journaling, and finding meaning journaling) for 14 days. Methods Incoming PGY-1 residents were enrolled in PWC 1 month prior to 2018 orientation. Validated measures of resiliency, burnout and gratitude were completed pre- and postcourse. We assessed pre/postcourse changes with paired t tests. We asked participants whether they incorporated any wellness behavior changes postcourse. Results Almost two-thirds of the incoming trainees completed the course (n=53/87, 61%). We found significant improvements (Pl.05) for resiliency and burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization). Gratitude did not change. The personal accomplishment burnout scale declined. The most frequently reported wellness behaviors were in the area of sleep, exercise, and diet. Conclusions Resiliency, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization improved, personal accomplishment declined, while gratitude remained the same. This project demonstrates an accessible and scalable approach to teaching well-being to incoming residents.
Bicycling as a Positive Youth Development Mechanism

Recreational activities are uniquely suited for the implementation of a positive youth development (PYD) approach, as they create space for youths’ physical, psychological, and social development. This may be especially true for vulnerable youth who face additional risk factors such as single parent homes and living in low-income communities. Momentum Bicycle Clubs (MBC), based in Greenville, South Carolina, use noncompetitive recreational bicycling as a mechanism to facilitate group mentoring opportunities for high-risk youth. MBC engage youth with their community while providing opportunities for leadership, building positive relationships, exercise, and learning new skills.This exploratory project’s purpose is to better understand the bicycle as a PYD mechanism through group mentoring by studying MBC program design, processes, and outcomes. Researchers identified three primary themes that indicated the bicycle provided youth opportunities to gain responsibility, confidence, and improved health. Sub themes provided additional context. For example, youth gained responsibility for their bikes and related equipment, as well as their individual and the group’s safety.MBC is an example of using individual specialized recreation equipment as an effective PYD mechanism that allows the program to meet more PYD desired outcomes than traditional programs. The bicycle rides differentiate the program dynamic from other PYD programs as the mentors are also group participants. This allows the mentors to share in the experience and role model behavior, which may foster stronger group identity and cohesiveness. Year-round asset intensive programs of this nature have management challenges, including sufficient resources (e.g., bicycle storage and maintenance), mentors willing to ride bicycles, as well as ensuring youth safety while riding. The resource challenges are met through extensive partnerships with government, nonprofit, and commercial agencies, which has also benefitted the program through a wider variety of mentors, adult role models, internship opportunities for the youth, and community knowledge about MBC. Safe bicycling is accomplished through extensive training, locating the clubs in areas with access to low traffic streets, and a 20-mile paved multiuse path. Lastly, since it is difficult to have meaningful conversations while riding, mentors must build in time before and after rides and at planned stops to facilitate the most meaningful mentor-mentee relationships.Subscribe to JPRA
Industry peer effect and the maturity structure of corporate debt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of industry peers in shaping firm debt maturity decisions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use idiosyncratic equity shocks as instruments to disentangle industry fixed and peer effects. The authors also employ a three-stage least squares regression (3SLS) model to capture the correlation among thee (short, medium, and long) debt maturity decisions. Findings – The authors find that a one standard deviation change in peer short (medium, long) maturity debt leads to a 50 percent (37 percent, 23 percent) change in firm corresponding maturity debt and that these mimetic behaviors are statistically significant within, but not between, firm size groups. The findings also reveal that firms that mimic the short and medium (long) debt maturity structure of their peers tend to increase (decrease) firm performance as measured by profitability, return-on-assets, and stock returns. Research limitations/implications – First, given the research design, ...
Cytologic findings of marginal zone lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Low-grade lymphomas can be difficult to diagnose in cytology specimens, especially marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZLs). MZL is a low-grade lymphoma characterized by a heterogeneous lymphoid population, which can be difficult to distinguish from reactive processes in cytology specimens. METHODS Fourteen cytology specimens of MZL from 11 patients with histologically confirmed MZL (n = 10) or flow cytometry (FC)-confirmed MZL (n = 1) were reviewed, including 13 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens (salivary gland, n = 6; lung, n = 3; lymph node, n = 2; breast, n = 1; and soft tissue, n = 1) and 1 pleural effusion specimen. Cytologic preparations included air-dried and alcohol-fixed direct smears, ThinPrep® slides, and cell blocks. FC studies were available in six specimens. RESULTS All 13 FNAB specimens were composed predominantly of intermediate-sized lymphoid cells with interspersed small, round lymphocytes and transformed cells. The intermediate-sized cells displayed a moderate amount of cytoplasm, slight nuclear membrane irregularities, and inconspicuous-to-absent nucleoli. The pleural fluid contained mostly small-to-intermediate-sized, round lymphocytes. In 10 specimens, the intermediate-sized cells often showed plasmacytoid morphology, which were seen best in Diff-Quik (Mercedes Scientific Co., Inc., Sarasota, FL)-stained slides. Monocytoid cells (n = 6 specimens), plasma cells (n = 7), lymphohistiocytic aggregates (n = 11), and tingible body macrophages (n = 5) were variably identified. Lymphoepithelial lesions were not observed. Three specimens with FC studies showed a phenotype compatible with MZL, and three specimens were nondiagnostic. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic features suggestive of MZL included abundant intermediate-sized lymphoid cells with mild atypia in a background of small lymphocytes and transformed cells, often with plasmacytoid morphology. Flow cytometry was beneficial only in selected MZL cytology specimens. Surgical correlation may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2003;99:301–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.