cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the proton-proton interaction deduced from the data below 30 MeV

Abstract A two-parameter description for each of the low energy 3P phase shifts is justified and used to perform the first comprehensive analysis of all of the proton-proton scattering data below 30 MeV. Particular attention is paid to magnetic moment, vaccuum polarization, and finite electromagnetic structure effects. Effective-range parameters for the 1S and 3P states are determined as well as possible, but distressing irregularities are noted in all of the data between 1 and 10 MeV. Nevertheless, some parameters are determined with precision, such as the singlet scattering length with a value of appE = − 7.822 ± 0.004 F. It is found that the central, tensor, and spin-orbit P-wave parameters reflect the uncertainties in the low energy data much more accurately than do the phase shifts themselves, and values of the parameters derived from experiment are given. The vacuum polarization interaction is shown to be present with a strength about equal to its theoretical value, but again with some irregularities. Finite electromagnetic structure effects deduced from the Hofstadter-Wilson dipole formula are found to be quite different from those found in previous calculations. The neutron-neutron scattering length, corrected for finite structure effects, is predicted to be ann = −17.06 F.
Gastrin Antibodies: Induction, Demonstration, and Specificity

Antibodies to the antral hormone gastrin have been induced in the rabbit and detected by passive hemagglutination. Specificity of the antibody, as determined by three methods, is directed to gastrins I and II, gastrin pentapeptide, and gastrin tetrapeptide, as well as to the stage-1 gastrin used for immunization.
Evaluating the mastery-avoidance goal construct: A study of elite college baseball players

Abstract Objective Mastery-avoidance goals represent a relatively new construct that may be conceptually problematic. Although theory and examples often focus on elite athletic performance, research on mastery-avoidance in such samples is sparse, and even less is known about what these goals mean to athletes. This study examined the rate of endorsement of mastery-avoidance goal items by elite college baseball players and explored the explanations given for endorsements, to evaluate how the players understood the items and their own responses to them. Method A sample of eight baseball players from one university's Division I men's team were asked to rate and explain their ratings of two mastery-avoidance goal items (“My goal is to avoid doing worse than I did last season” and “My goal is to avoid losing my skills”). Design Qualitative design using athletes' open-ended written responses. Results Results revealed both low and high ratings of mastery-avoidance items, with the most valid interpretations coming from low endorsers. High endorsement was often followed with an incongruent response that seemed to translate mastery-avoidance into mastery-approach. Conclusion Mastery-avoidance goals are strivings to avoid intrapersonal or absolute incompetence. This type of goal has received less scrutiny than the other three goals in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework [Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34, 149–169.], perhaps because of its ambiguity and counterintuitive nature. Our findings suggest that mastery-avoidance goals may be uncommon, and that high ratings may indicate misinterpretation of the item rather than actual avoidance goals.
Government-to-Government Contracting: Stewardship, Agency, and Substitution

ABSTRACT This paper provides empirical evidence detailing the distinctive nature of service delivery provided through contracts with other governments. The results of a survey of Ohio city and county managers both confirm and stand in contrast to implications derived from stewardship theory. Consistent with stewardship, our data demonstrate that contracts with public sector service partners generate less intensive monitoring by contracting governments than do services contracted with private entities. In contrast to stewardship theory, we find that contracting governments do not use other governments for services requiring intensive monitoring. In an era of accountability and results-oriented management, reliance on trust may not satisfy constituents who seek evidence of effective service delivery. The inability of the contracting government to affect another government's service delivery reduces the attractiveness of that government as a contracting partner. If the tools of stewardship prove to be inadeq...
QT prolongation in the intensive care unit: commonly used medications and the impact of drug-drug interactions.

Importance of the field: Critically ill patients are at an increased risk to develop drug–drug interactions (DDIs). DDIs that increase the risk of QT prolongation, and ultimately torsades de pointes, can result in a medical emergency. Many clinicians are unaware of the risk of certain drug combinations that may precipitate QT prolongation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Additional DDI education and a review of management strategies could assist with prevention of future adverse outcomes.Areas covered in this review: This review focuses on some commonly used medications in the ICU that may be involved in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic DDIs leading to the development of QT prolongation and possibly torsades de pointes. Also, appropriate management strategies are discussed.What the reader will gain: The ICU clinician will gain a better understanding of common medications used in the ICU and DDIs that put patients at risk for the development of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.Take home messa...
Perceived relational intimacy and relational message content

This study provides further validation of the relational message scales (Burgoon & Hale, 1987). The “preferred” relational message schema presented by Burgoon and Hale is shown to be internally consistent, reliable, and to reflect changes in communication as relationships increase in intimacy.
Definitive irradiation in carcinoma of the vagina: Long-term evaluation of results☆

A retrospective analysis of 165 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the vagina is reported. Actuarial disease-free 10-year survival was: Stage 0 (16 patients)--94%, Stage I (50 patients)--75%, Stage IIA (49 patients)--55%, Stage IIB (26 patients)--43%, Stage III (16 patients)--32%, Stage IV (8 patients)--0%. All but one of the in situ lesions were controlled with intracavitary therapy. Of the patients with Stage I disease, 86% showed no evidence of vaginal or pelvic recurrence. Most of them received interstitial or intracavitary therapy or both; the addition of external beam irradiation did not significantly increase survival or tumor control. In Stage IIA (paravaginal extension) 61% of the tumors were controlled with a combination of brachytherapy and external beam irradiation. Ten of 16 Stage III tumors were controlled in the pelvis. Two of the patients with Stage IV disease had no recurrence in the pelvis with relatively high doses of irradiation. The total incidence of distant metastases was 16% in Stage I, 30.6% in Stage IIA, 46.1% in Stage IIB, 62% in Stage III, and 50% in Stage IV. The dose of irradiation delivered to the primary tumor or the parametrial extension was critical in achieving successful results. The incidence of grade 2-3 complications (12%) is correlated with the stage of the tumor and type of treatment given. More effective irradiation techniques including the optimization of dose distribution by judicious combination of external irradiation and interstitial brachytherapy will be necessary to enhance loco-regional tumor control. The high incidence of distant metastases underscores the need for earlier diagnosis and effective systemic cytotoxic agents if survival is to be significantly improved in these patients.
Dispositional optimism and thoughts of well-being determine sensitivity to an experimental pain task.

Background Prior studies with patient samples have found dispositional optimism to be associated with less pain.
C−H Bond Cleavage with Reductants: Re-Investigating the Reactivity of Monomeric MnIII/IV−Oxo Complexes and the Role of Oxo Ligand Basicity

The thermodynamic properties of structurally similar MnIII and MnIV complexes have been reinvestigated to understand their reactivity with substrates having C−H bonds. The complexes have the general formula [MnH3buea(O)]n−, where [H3buea]3− is the tripodal ligand, tris[(N′-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethylene]aminato. These complexes are unique because of the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (H-bond) network surrounding the Mn−oxo units. The redox potentials for the MnIII/IV(O) couple was incorrectly assigned in earlier reports: the corrected value is −1.0 V vs Cp2Fe+/Cp2Fe in DMSO, while the MnIV/V(O) process is −0.076 under the same conditions. The oxo ligand in the MnIII(O) complexes is basic with a pKa of 28.3; the basicity of the terminal oxo ligand in the MnIV(O) complex is estimated to be ∼15. These values were used to re-evalulate the O−H bond dissociation energy (BDEOH) of the corresponding MnII/III−OH complexes: BDEOH values of 89 and 77 kcal/mol were determined for [MnIIIH3buea(OH)]− and [MnIIH3buea(...
Abstract 5737: Parity and lactation in relation to ER-/PR- breast cancer in African American women

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Women of African ancestry are more likely than women of European ancestry to be diagnosed with aggressive tumors characterized by negative staining for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Reasons for the disparity are unclear, and previous studies have lacked statistical power to investigate risk factors for the more aggressive subtypes. A recent report from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study indicated that basal-like breast cancer, a subtype of breast tumors with ER-, PR-, HER2-, HER1+ and/or CK5/6+ characteristics, was positively associated with increased parity, whereas other subtypes were inversely associated with parity. The increased risk of basal-like cancer was strongest for parous women who had never breastfed. The majority of breast tumors with negative staining for both ER and PR would likely be classified as basal-like. We examined the relation of parity and lactation to risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer among 59,000 African American women from the Black Women's Health Study in 12 years of follow-up data. Reproductive history was obtained by questionnaire at baseline in 1995 and updated every two years. ER and PR status were obtained from pathology reports and state cancer registry records. Included in this analysis were 809 incident breast cancer cases with complete data on ER and PR status, with 285 classified as ER-/PR-, 395 as ER+/PR+, 114 as ER+/PR-, and 15 as ER-/PR+. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived from proportional hazard models for the relation of each reproductive factor to risk of specific tumor subtype, with control for all other reproductive factors, age, region, education, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, hormone use, alcohol, smoking, and physical activity. Risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer increased with increasing parity (p trend = 0.02), whereas risk of ER+/PR+ cancer decreased with increasing parity (p trend = 0.0002). For ER-/PR- breast cancer, the IRR for women who had 3+ births and never breastfed relative to nulliparous women was 1.66 (95% CI 1.09-2.54). The increased risk associated with higher parity was ameliorated by breast feeding: the comparable IRR for women who had 3+ births but breastfed at least one of the babies was 1.01 (95% CI 0.63-1.63). These results from a cohort of African American women support findings from the previous study of basal-like breast cancer and are consistent with the hypothesis that pregnancy and breastfeeding may influence risk of ER-/PR- cancer through inflammatory/immune system alterations linked to mammary gland involution. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5737.
Improving the quantification of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics over the United States using an adjoint method

We used an adjoint version of the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to optimize the model parameters in a spatially explicit manner by assimilating satellite-based estimates of gross primary production (GPP) in the conterminous United States. Traditionally, terrestrial ecosystem model parameterization is conducted at site-level for various plant functional types (PFTs). The optimal parameters are then extrapolated to regions that have the same plant functional types as parameterized. However, site-level parameterization might be only valid within a few kilometers in the footprint of the individual site. Extrapolation of the optimal parameters to a region with an assumption that the parameters are the same for all pixels for the same ecosystem type in the region may introduce significant errors in quantification of regional carbon dynamics. This study used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP to optimize parameters for each pixel using adjoint method in a spatially explicit manner. The spatially explicit parameters were then used to quantify the regional carbon fluxes from 2000 to 2005. The estimated net ecosystem production (NEP) was used to drive a global atmospheric transport model, GEOS-Chem, to estimate the near surface atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which were then compared with flask measurements. We found that (1) the site-level TEM parameterization method provided good estimates of carbon fluxes at site levels, but had a large uncertainty in the regional simulations; (2) the spatially explicit parameterization improved the estimates of the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of regional carbon dynamics; and (3) when driven with the NEP estimated with the spatially explicit model, the GEOS-Chem captured the seasonal trend of near-surface CO2 concentrations better than that was driven with the estimates based on the site-level parameterized model. This study suggested that future quantification of regional carbon dynamics should consider the spatial variation of parameters, which could be optimized using spatially explicit carbon flux data.
Survival Outcomes of Clinical Trials in Patients With Recurrent Cervical Cancer

A large proportion of cervical cancer patients have a lower socioeconomic background and barriers to clinical trial participation. We hypothesized that patients participating in a clinical trial would have better outcomes compared to those not enrolled in a trial. This was a retrospective cohort study of women treated for recurrent cervical cancer on versus off clinical trial. We found that the progression free and overall survival between women treated with chemotherapy on or off trial for cervical cancer survival is similar. Introduction: A large proportion of patients with cervical cancer have a lower socioeconomic background with inherent barriers to clinical trial participation. The present authors hypothesized that patients participating in a clinical trial would have better outcomes compared with those not enrolled in a trial. The objective was to review the clinical outcomes of women with recurrent cervical cancer treated on a clinical trial versus those treated off trial. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of women treated for recurrent cervical cancer on versus off clinical trial between 1998 and 2010. Women participating in Gynecologic Oncology Group clinical trials for recurrent cervical cancer were identified and matched 1:1 with women treated off trial based on age within 10 years, ethnicity, stage at initial diagnosis, histology, primary treatment, and baseline renal function. Results: A total of 60 women with recurrent cervical cancer were identified; 30 were treated for their recurrence on a clinical trial and were matched to 30 treated off trial. The median number of salvage regimens was 1.0 for the trial group (range, 1-5) and 1.5 for the off-trial group (range, 1-5) (P ¼ .74). There was no significant difference in the number of cycles of chemotherapy completed on versus off trial (7.5 vs. 5.9; P ¼ .44). There was also no significant difference in progression-free and overall survival from time of recurrence on trial and off trial (4.2 vs. 3.1 months (P ¼ .75) and 15.0 vs. 13.8 months (P ¼ .64), respectively). Conclusion: This study found that the progression-free survival and overall survival are similar between women treated with chemotherapy on or off trial for cervical cancer.
Microwave-assisted radiosynthesis of [18F]fluorinated fatty acid analogs

Abstract Microwave reactors remain largely underutilized in the field of positron emission tomography (PET) chemistry. This is particularly unfortunate since microwave synthesis elegantly addresses two of the most critical issues of PET radiochemistry with short-lived radionuclides: reaction rate and side-product formation. In this study, we investigate the efficiency of synthesis of terminally [ 18 F]fluorinated fatty acid analogs using a commercial microwave reactor in comparison with conventional heating (CH). Methods The labeling precursors were methyl esters of terminally substituted alkyl bromides and iodides. Duration and temperatures of the [ 18 F]fluorination reaction were varied. Chemical and radiochemical purities, and radiochemical yields were investigated for conventional (CH) and microwave-assisted (MW) radiosyntheses. Results The results demonstrate that microwave heating enhanced [ 18 F]fluoride incorporation to >95% (up to 55% improvement), while reducing reaction times to 2 min (∼10-fold reduction) or temperatures to 55–60°C (20°C reduction). Overall decay-corrected radiochemical yields of purified [ 18 F]fluoro fatty acids were higher (MW=49.0±4.5%, CH=23.6±3.5%, P Conclusion For routine synthesis of [ 18 F]fluoro fatty acid analogs, microwave heating is faster, milder, cleaner, less variable and higher yielding than CH and therefore the preferred reaction method.
Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.

Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Background The prevalence of increased oxidative stress and acute-phase inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods Biomarkers of oxidative stress and acute-phase inflammation were measured in a cohort of 60 patients with stage 3–5 CKD compared to a healthy subject cohort. Levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were also compared to estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Results All biomarkers of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyl group content, plasma free F 2 -isoprostane content, plasma protein reduced thiol content) and all markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] differed significantly between CKD patients and healthy subjects. There was no significant relationship between estimated GFR and any oxidative stress or inflammation biomarker. CRP levels were higher in patients with known coronary vascular disease (CVD) and in patients not taking angiotensin II inhibitors. Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with known coronary vascular disease and lower in patients taking statins. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly higher in patients with diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion There is evidence of increased oxidative stress and acute-phase inflammation in patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease compared to healthy subjects that does not closely correlate with estimates of GFR. Among CKD patients, inflammatory biomarkers correlate with known CVD and inversely correlate with the use of angiotensin II inhibitors and statins. A further increase in oxidative stress was noted in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. Inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.
Utilization of Tall Goldenrod by the Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the Production of Overwintering Adults and as a Possible Winter Food Source

Abstract. Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), nymphs and adults were collected from tall goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. and Gray, in Washington County, MS, during October and November 2008 and 2009. Adults were dissected to determine their reproductive status in order to evaluate host suitability of tall goldenrod relative to production of overwintering tarnished plant bug adults. Mean numbers of nymphs each week on tall goldenrod were used to evaluate the plant as a reproductive host. Results showed that tall goldenrod served as a reproductive host from flowering until a killing freeze occurred (5 weeks in 2008 and 10 weeks in 2009) with mean numbers as great as 58.7 ± 25.7 nymphs per 25-sweep sample. Most tarnished plant bug adults utilizing tall goldenrod as a host were in diapause for overwintering by the end of the second week in October of both years. A laboratory test showed tarnished plant bug adults could utilize mature tall goldenrod seeds as food. A...
An in vitro circadian rhythm of melatonin sensitivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus

Past studies in the rat and Syrian hamster show that metabolic and electrical activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is inhibited by melatonin (MEL) at about circadian time (ct) 8-11 h. The present experiment examined the effect of MEL on the firing frequency of SCN cells in brain slices prepared from long day (LD 16:8) Djungarian hamsters to determine the timing of MEL sensitivity and if sensitivity persists in vitro. Pressure ejection of MEL (2 mM in 165 mM NaCl) suppressed the firing rate of 26% of SCN neurons recorded, excited 13%, and had no effect on 61% of the 161 cells tested. MEL elicited the highest percent response (64%) during the 4-h time bin immediately preceding the dark phase of the projected light:dark cycle on day 1 (ct 8-12 h). A similar temporal pattern of MEL sensitivity was found during the second day of recording. In contrast, application of vehicle to 52 SCN cells had little effect on firing rate. These results demonstrate that a sensitivity rhythm to MEL is present in the SCN of the Djungarian hamster and persists with a period of about 24 h in vitro.
Cryogenic variable temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope

A cryogenic variable temperature ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been developed. This design utilizes a novel vibration isolation that provides an active thermal link to the cooling source without the standard tradeoff of compromising mechanical isolation. A welded bellows serves as the basis for the vibration isolation system. This bellows houses a heat exchanger which uses helium gas to form a thermal link between the STM and the cryogenic. This STM is fully integrated into a multichamber UHV STM system now in place in our laboratory and atomic resolution operation is demonstrated from 11 to 300 K.
EFFECT OF ATRACURIUM AND LAUDANOSINE ON THE RELEASE OF 3H-NORADRENALINE

We examined the effects of atracurium and its breakdown product, laudanosine, on resting and stimulation-evoked release of 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) from sympathetic axon terminals of isolated right atria of guineapigs. Both atra-curium 1–100 μmol litre−1 and laudanosine 1–50 μmol litre−1 enhanced the release of 3H-NA evoked by field stimulation (2 Hz, 24 stimuli), but did not affect resting release. When the production of laudanosine from atracurium was inhibited by maintaining the atracurium solution at 4 °C, atracurium did not enhance the release of 3H-NA as occured when it was kept at 37 °C. However, atracurium antagonized the inhibitory effect of oxotremorine on release of 3H-NA, whereas laudanosine did not. These data suggest that atracurium possesses and antimuscarinic effect. Its metabolite, laudanosine, in concentrations which would be expected following prolonged administration of atracurium, produced a marked increase in release of 3H-NA. This effect of laudanosine may explain some of the unwanted effects seen following administration of atracurium.
Synthesis and structure of the nickel A-frame complex Ni2(μ-CNC6H5)(dppm)2Cl2

Oxidative addition of phenyl isocyanide dichloride (C6H5NCCl2) to Ni(COD)2 (COD = cycloocta-1,5-diene) in the presence of dppm (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) in toluene is found to be a high yield procedure for the preparation of the new phenyl isocyanide-bridged A-frame complex, Ni2(μ-CNC6H5)(dppm)2Cl2. The title complex crystallizes in the chiral space group P43212 (a = 14.871(3), c = 25.790(7) A, V = 5703.7 A, Z n = 4) and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction.
The Reverend Charles New: Nineteenth-Century Missionary and Explorer in Eastern Equatorial Africa

Charles New is little-mentioned in exploration literature, yet during his short life (1840–75), this self-educated Methodist evangelist became, in August 1871, the first European to reach the snow line of Mount Kilimanjaro. He was a vocal opponent of the slave trade in Britain, and for his geographical exploits was honored by the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) in April 1874. Because of his linguistic skills, he was appointed to the short-lived RGS-sponsored David Livingstone Search and Relief Expedition in 1871, and was its leader for a short time before it was aborted. During his years as Revd Thomas Wakefield’s equal partner at their coastal Kenya mission, they made an excursion to Southern Oromo (also known as Galla) country in eastern Kenya in 1866–67. Despite his short life, New provided geographical insights about eastern Kenya and the region around Mount Kilimanjaro.
The importance of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

The most widely accepted criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia and oligo-ovulation, with the exclusion of other hyperandrogenic disorders (1). Thus, androgen elevation defines the syndrome. This definition permits a wide range of presentations and clinical appearances, that is, a continuum of patients with PCOS. Androgen excess, of ovarian and often also adrenal origin, underlies the symptoms of hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and seborrhea, and treatment with anti-androgens is the most effective method of reducing these complaints. Hyperandrogenemia may also be responsible for the weight gain present in about 50% of cases. What has been increasingly recognized is that PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. While not required for the diagnosis of PCOS, insulin resistance appears to cause or exacerbate hyperandrogenemia in many patients, as evidenced by the reduction in ovarian and adrenal androgen levels with insulin-sensitizing therapy (2‐ 6). More importantly, insulin resistance leads to hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the most significant complications of PCOS.
Optimal Control of a Large Core Reactor in Presence of Xenon

Changes in power level of large-core reactors are always accompanied by subsequent (transient as well as steady-state) changes in the concentration of Xenon. This, in turn, necessitates long-term control-rod operations to control the so-called "Xenon Oscillations". A method, based on optimal control theory, is presented in this paper to minimize the undesirable Xenon oscillations. It involves the programming of the reactivity changes necessary to accomplish the power level change, while minimizing the deviations of the power level as well as the Xenon and Iodine concentrations, from their final values. In accordance with optimal control theory and for an adequate problem formulation, a performance index is defined. The "penalty" associated with the deviations of the neutron flux, Xenon and Iodine concentrations, from their final values is to be minimized. A novel approach to bypass the difficulties encountered in the numerical solution of the resulting nonlinear Two Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP) is presented. The method uses an hierarchical structure to replace the actual nonlinear system by a set of sub-systems. The TPBVP for each subsystem is solved using the solution of the preceding one. This iterative method is discussed and is shown to achieve rapid convergence. Furthermore, the method reduces the amount of computational work needed, thus making it suitable for a minicomputer control application. The procedure described above yields a long-term optimal control law u*(t), i.e.
On the continuity of thought and the representation of knowledge: Electrophysiological and behavioral time-course measures reveal levels of structure in semantic memory

Time-course studies of semantic verification are reviewed, discussed, and reinterpreted with the aim of drawing general theoretical conclusions about semantic memory structure. These reaction time, speed-accuracy tradeoff, speed-accuracy decomposition, and event-related (brain) potential (ERP) studies suggest that semantic memory is structured on at least three levels. In particular, specific models of the intermediate (macrostructural) level are discussed and compared. ERP investigations of this level suggest that context-independent and context-dependent types of semantic information are potentially isolable and analyzable.
Effects of Pectin and Saline Solutions on Survival Time of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Hypotension.

SummaryResults on 50 dogs submitted to variable periods of 50 mm Hg. post-hemorrhagic hypotension confirm the conclusions of Middleton and Wiggers1 that infusions of pectin solutions do not materially increase the chance of recovery unless they are given during an interval which does not exceed 30 minutes of such hypotension. They extend these observations in showing that these beneficial effects are certainly no better than those achieved by administration of simple saline solutions. Finally, they once more stress the fact that the latter are not wholly useless provided they are administered before deleterious effects of prolonged hypotension become operative.
Intraoperative autologous blood collection and autotransfusion in the surgical management of early cancers of the uterine cervix.

Objectives: To evaluate intraoperative autologous blood collection with autotransfusion (Cell Saver) with respect to patient acceptance, risk of tumor cell co-transfusion, and risk of recurrence in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods: All patients explored for radical hysterectomy between August 1991 and July 1994 were offered the use of intraoperative autotransfusion. Clinical-pathologic and transfusion-related characteristics were compared for a group of historic controls surgically treated for similar disease. The risk of tumor cell co-transfusion was assessed intraoperatively with peritoneal cytology before blood collection, and postoperatively with Cell Saver blood cytology. Results: Ninety-eight patients were offered enrollment; four declined Cell Saver use, and 71 were acceptable for analysis. Thirty-one women (mean estimated blood loss 1338 mL) were reinfused with their own blood collected in the Cell Saver, whereas 40 patients (mean estimated blood loss 631 mL) were not autotransfused. There was no significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin concentration between groups. Cell Saver use significantly reduced the need for homologous transfusions, intraoperatively ( P P = .02). Historic controls (mean operative blood loss 1743 mL) were nearly four times more likely to have been transfused and three times more likely to have been transfused postoperatively than was the autotransfused Cell Saver group. The mean hemoglobin concentration at discharge was lower in the autotransfused group, 9.3 g/dL, than in the historic controls, 10.8 g/dL. Nontransfused Cell Saver blood and all peritoneal cytologies were negative for tumor cells. Three pelvic recurrences, but no disseminated disease, have been noted over a mean follow-up of 24 months: one in the autotransfused group and two in the group in which the collected blood was discarded. Conclusion: Cell Saver use is well accepted by patients, decreases the need for homologous transfusions, and does not appear to co-transfuse tumor cells.
Post-translational N-Glycosylation of Type I Transmembrane KCNE1 Peptides IMPLICATIONS FOR MEMBRANE PROTEIN BIOGENESIS AND DISEASE

N-Glycosylation of membrane proteins is critical for their proper folding, co-assembly and subsequent matriculation through the secretory pathway. Here, we examine the kinetics of N-glycan addition to type I transmembrane KCNE1 K+ channel β-subunits, where point mutations that prevent N-glycosylation at one consensus site give rise to disorders of the cardiac rhythm and congenital deafness. We show that KCNE1 has two distinct N-glycosylation sites: a typical co-translational site and a consensus site ∼20 residues away that unexpectedly acquires N-glycans after protein synthesis (post-translational). Mutations that ablate the co-translational site concomitantly reduce glycosylation at the post-translational site, resulting in unglycosylated KCNE1 subunits that cannot reach the cell surface with their cognate K+ channel. This long range inhibition is highly specific for post-translational N-glycosylation because mutagenic conversion of the KCNE1 post-translational site into a co-translational site restored both monoglycosylation and anterograde trafficking. These results directly explain how a single point mutation can prevent N-glycan attachment at multiple sites, providing a new biogenic mechanism for human disease.
The adsorption and early stages of condensation of Ag and Au on W single-crystal surfaces

Silver and gold were evaporated up to several monolayers in thickness onto W single-crystal surfaces of the 110 and 100 plane types in the temperature range between 300 and 1300 K. The mode of growth and the structure of the layers were studied by Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The results are compared with thermal desorption spectroscopy data and work-function change measurements. They show certain similarities but also some striking differences between the two systems Ag/W and Au/W as well as a strong crystallographic anisotropy of adsorption and condensation.
The Defibrillation Success Rate Versus Energy Relationship: Part II—Estimation with the “Bootstrap”

Seventy or so defibrillation trials were typically attempted to determine the relationship between defibrillation success rate and energy (DSRE). Clinically, it may be desirable to estimate the DSRE relationship with fewer trials. We used the statistical resampling technique called the "bootstrap" to determine the number of defibrillation trials necessary for an accurate estimation of the DSRE relationship. The bootstrap technique assumes that the observed database is the maximum likelihood sample of the estimated population. The observed database is repeatedly resampled to produce a large bootstrap data-base and the bootstrap best estimate of a statistic is determined. DSRE data were obtained from ten dogs (20.5 +/- 1.5 kg). We bootstrapped our experimental DSRE data by two methods: (1) randomly choosing with replacement a specified number of defibrillation trials per energy; and (2) randomly choosing with replacement a specified number of defibrillation trials per bootstrap replication. For both bootstrap techniques, 100 replications were made. We performed a linear regression analysis on the bootstrap success rates and the observed success rates determined from 71.0 +/- 6.8 defibrillation attempts from each of the ten dogs. We concluded that 28 defibrillation trials are necessary to estimate the observed DSRE relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.95.
Function, expression, and characterization of the serotonin transporter in the native human intestine

The enteric serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in modulating serotonin availability and thus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various intestinal disorders. To date, SERT e...
14.5-MeV NEUTRON ACTIVATION CROSS SECTION FOR SOME OF THE RARE-EARTH NUCLIDES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NUCLEAR SHELL STRUCTURE.

The 14.5-MeV neutron cross sections for the production of $^{139m}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{140}\mathrm{Pr}$, $^{141m}\mathrm{Nd}$, $^{143m}\mathrm{Sm}$, $^{143g}\mathrm{Sm}$, and $^{149}\mathrm{Nd}$ nuclides have been measured using thick-target samples. The ($n,2n$) cross sections for the target nuclides, some of which were calculated from previously reported isomeric yield ratios, have been plotted as functions of mass number and of the separation energies of the last neutron from the target nuclides. The results are discussed in the light of previously observed neutron shell effects in the systematics of ($n,2n$) cross sections. The importance of the cross-section measurements to the 14-MeV neutron activation analysis of these rare-earth elements is also pointed out.
Black Real Estate Professionals’ Perceptions of Career Opportunities: The Economic Detour Redux

This article focuses on black professionals' perceptions of career opportunities in the real estate industry and discrimination in housing markets. The analysis is based on a national survey of black real estate professionals administered between July and December of 2009. Findings from the article suggest that black real estate professionals adopt a business strategy scholars have referred to as the economic detour. Following this strategy, their business activities focus on a niche market confined to residential real estate transaction with black clientele in relatively segregated neighborhood contexts. The findings from this analysis suggest that this focus has emerged in response to perceptions of institutional discrimination that closes opportunities to black professionals in the broader real estate industry. Recommendations are made to address economic barriers faced by black professionals.
Induction by alkaloids and phenobarbital of Family 4 Cytochrome P450s in Drosophila: evidence for involvement in host plant utilization.

In vertebrates, cytochrome P450s of the CYP2 and CYP3 families play a dominant role in drug metabolism, while in insects members of the CYP6 and CYP28 families have been implicated in metabolism of insecticides and toxic natural plant compounds. A degenerate 3′ RACE strategy resulted in the identification of fifteen novel P450s from an alkaloid-resistant species of Drosophila. The strong (17.4-fold) and highly specific induction of a single gene (CYP4D10) by the toxic isoquinoline alkaloids of a commonly utilized host-plant (saguaro cactus) provides the first indication that members of the CYP4 family in insects may play an important role in the maintenance of specific insect-host plant relationships. Strong barbiturate inducibility of CYP4D10 and two other D. mettleri P450 sequences of the CYP4 family was also observed, suggesting a pattern of xenobiotic responsiveness more similar to those of several vertebrate drug-metabolizing enzymes than to putative vertebrate CYP4 homologs.
Soils on erosional footslopes in two basins differing in relief in North Dakota, USA☆

Abstract Soils were compared in a pair of adjacent drainage basins in southwestern North Dakota. One basin (Davis Creek) has high relief due to post-Pleistocene rejuvenation of the master stream and consequent dissection. The other basin (Norwegian Creek) has low relief and is stable. Soils were examined on the lower, middle and upper portions of three erosional footslopes in the lower, middle and upper reaches of each basin. Pedons at three locations on one footslope in each of the lower, middle and upper reaches were sampled for laboratory analyses. Those included determining proportions of clay, ions in saturated paste, electrical conductivity and two sodium adsorption ratios, one determined in the usual way and the other corrected for ion activity and ion pairing. The nature and distribution of the soils in the two basins indicate that their genesis has been strongly affected by a combination of geomorphic histories, positions, and levels of salinity and Na+ in parent materials. Torriorthents and Ustochrepts are major soils in the basin with high relief (Davis Creek) but Natriborolls occupy the lowest parts of some erosional footslopes in the middle and upper reaches. Haploborolls are the major soils in the basin with low relief (Norwegian Creek) but Natriborolls are dominant in the upper reaches. The distinctions among the soils can be related to the stability of landscape positions and to levels of Na+ in underlying materials or in the soils themselves. Possible mechanisms for transfers and concentration of Na+ are suggested by the relative positions and kinds of soils on these footslopes.
Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of AHR 5360C.

We used microelectrode and blood superfusion techniques to study the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of a new drug, AHR 5360C, which has antihypertensive and calcium channel blocking properties in several experimental models. AHR 5360C, 10−7 M significantly depressed the amplitude of the slow response action potential in canine Purkinje fibers. The fast response action potential was also depressed in a dose-dependent fashion, but with a threshold concentration of 5 × 10−6 M. AHR 5360C decreased normal automaticity and barium-induced abnormal automaticity at concentrations of 5 × 10−6 and 10−5 M respectively, as well as ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations at a threshold concentration of 10−6 M. In blood superfusion studies, i.v. administration of AHR 5360C, 0.3 mg/kg, significantly reduced blood pressure. Doses of 1.0 mg/kg induced a high degree of A-V block, further reduction of blood pressure, and no physiological changes in heart rate and in the blood superfused fibers. In conclusion, AHR 5360C has calcium blocking properties that depress A-V conduction at concentrations that do not affect the sodium-dependent fast response action potential.
CAP37 Activation of PKC Promotes Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Chemotaxis

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathway through which cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa (CAP37) mediates human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) chemotaxis. METHODS Immortalized HCECs were treated with pertussis toxin (10 and 1000 ng/mL), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (calphostin c, 50 nM and Ro-31-8220, 100 nM), phorbol esters (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 200 nM and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 1 μM) known to deplete PKC isoforms, and siRNAs (400 nM) before a modified Boyden chamber assay was used to determine the effect of these inhibitors and siRNAs on CAP37-directed HCEC migration. PKCδ protein levels, PKCδ-Thr(505) phosphorylation, and PKCδ kinase activity was assessed in CAP37-treated HCECs using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and a kinase activity assay, respectively. RESULTS Chemotaxis studies revealed that treatment with pertussis toxin, PKC inhibitors, phorbol esters, and siRNAs significantly inhibited CAP37-mediated chemotaxis compared with untreated controls. CAP37 treatment increased PKCδ protein levels and led to PKCδ phosphorylation on residue Thr(505). Direct activation of PKCδ by CAP37 was demonstrated using a kinase activity assay. CONCLUSIONS These findings lead us to conclude that CAP37 is an important regulator of corneal epithelial cell migration and mediates its effects through PKCδ.
Several reflections on regulated activity within the scope of municipal waste collection from real estate owners (Part II)

The new statute dealing with maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities has not only significantly changed the way the entire system of municipal waste management within a municipality functions, but has also brought about changes in the legal status of the businesses providing services of municipal waste pick up for owners of properties. The past formula under which the business received a permit for providing services has been replaced with the obligation to become entered into the register of regulated activities. As a result of municipalities having to maintain registers of regulated activities and obligations which have been imposed on businesses numerous questions and doubts have arisen.
Picosecond Dynamics of Energy Transfer in Porphyrin−Sapphyrin Noncovalent Assemblies

The picosecond dynamics of noncovalent ensembles for energy transfer based on anion chelation are reported. The photoactive noncovalent complexes are assembled via salt-bridge formation between carboxyl-containing porphyrin photodonors and a monoprotonated pentapyrrolic sapphyrin acceptor. These complexes are formed with a Ka of ca. 103 M-1 upon mixing the receptor and substrate in their respective free-acid and free-base forms in CD2Cl2 (as judged by 1H NMR spectroscopic means). Upon irradiation at 417 nm, singlet−singlet energy transfer from the porphyrin to the sapphyrin subunit takes place readily with energy transfer dynamics that are consistent with a Forster-type mechanism. The title systems thus appear to be prototypic of a new kind of noncovalent energy transfer modeling that is predicated on the use of anion chelation.
Subtotal bipolar tonsillectomy does not decrease postoperative pain compared to total monopolar tonsillectomy

Summary Objective To determine whether a subtotal bovie tonsillectomy decreases postoperative pain following adenotonsillectomy. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was undertaken at a University Pediatric Children's Hospital and included 39 otherwise healthy children, aged 2–12 years, undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Patients were randomized to receive either a subtotal or total removal of the tonsils utilizing an electrocautery technique. The main outcome measures included a visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and while eating, time to take 100 cm 3 of fluid, throat, neck, and ear pain, quantity of liquids, activity level and incidence of emesis and retching. Results A repeated measures analysis using a repeated measures ANOVA failed to demonstrate a statistically significant impact with either treatment for VAS at rest or while eating ( p = 0.52 and 0.48, respectively). A repeated measures analysis did not show either procedure significantly affecting throat, neck or ear pain, or liquid quantity. Time to take 100 cm 3 liquids and the incidence of emesis or retching were found not to be statistically significantly different between the treatment groups. Conclusion Subtotal tonsillectomy via an electrocautery technique does not reduce postoperative pain or improve outcome parameters. Subtotal tonsillectomy with this technique is not recommended for this patient population.
Existence and Multiplicity of Positive Solutions to a Quasilinear Elliptic Equation with Strong Allee Effect Growth Rate

In this paper we consider a p-Laplacian equation with strong Allee effect growth rate and Dirichlet boundary condition $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll} {\rm div} (|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u) + \lambda f(x,u)=0, &\quad x \in \Omega, \\ u=0, &\quad x \in \partial \Omega, \qquad \qquad ^ {(P_\lambda)} \end{array}\right.$$ where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in \({\mathbb{R}^N}\) for \({N \ge 1, p > 1}\), and λ is a positive parameter. By using variational methods and a suitable truncation technique, we prove that problem (P λ) has at least two positive solutions for large parameter and it has no positive solutions for small parameter. In addition, a nonexistence result is investigated.