cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Computational imaging involves the joint design of imaging system hardware and software, optimizing across the entire pipeline from acquisition to reconstruction. Computers can replace bulky and expensive optics by solving computational inverse problems. This talk will describe new microscopes that use computational imaging to enable 3D fluorescence and phase measurement using simple hardware and advanced image reconstruction algorithms that are based on large-scale nonlinear non-convex optimization.
EU–NATO cooperation: the key to Europe’s security future

The re-launch of the EU’s security and defence project in the wake of Brexit and the election of Donald Trump has focused the spotlight on the relationship between NATO and the EU. This article rev...
A Holistic Integrative Medicine Approach to Cardiovascular Disease

Integrative Medicine by definition is a bridge between conventional Western Medicine and other global healing traditions. The term Holistic refers to treating the whole person: mind, body, emotions and spirit. Holistic Integrative Medicine is not synonymous with Alternative or Complementary Medicine; rather, Holistic Integrative Medicine makes use of the best of conventional medicine combined with techniques from other global healing traditions to prevent and treat chronic disease.
International Capital Movements and Relative Wages: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing Industries

In this paper, we use a multi-sector speciﬁc factors model with international capital mobility to examine the eﬀects of globalization on the skill premium in U.S. manufacturing industries. This model allows us to identify two channels through which globalization aﬀects relative wages: eﬀects of international capital ﬂows transmitted through changes in interest rates, and eﬀects of international trade in goods and services transmitted through changes in product prices. In addition, we identify two domestic forces which aﬀect relative wages: variations in labor endowment and technological change. Our results reveal that changes in labor endowments had a negative eﬀect on the skill premium, while the eﬀect of technological progress was mixed. The main factors behind the rise in the skill premium were product price changes (for the full sample period) and international capital ﬂows (during 1982-05). JEL Classiﬁcation: F16, J31.
The DCCT and its Implications for Management of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of closely related disorders manifest by hyperglycemia as a result of impaired insulin secretion and/or impaired insulin action associated with long-term complications. These complications include the microvascular and neuropathic complications of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as well as a marked increase in the risk of macrovascular disease resulting in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease and stroke, and peripheral vascular disease and limb amputation. Indeed, diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of new-onset blindness, renal failure and non-traumatic amputations in adults. A relationship between hyperglycemia and diabetes complications has long been suspected, but until near the end of the 20th century specific evidence of direct benefit of improving glycemic control on the development and progression of diabetes complications was lacking. Methods to safely establish and maintain the level of glycemic control necessary to impact on diabetes complications, and techniques for reliable, unequivocal and nonbiased measurement of glycemic control and of diabetes complications became available in the late 1970’s and were further refined during the early 1980’s.
Autonomic Nervous System Testing

Autonomic testing encompasses an array of procedures that can be used to assess a variety of symptoms ranging from lightheadedness and dizziness to anhydrosis to constipation and urinary incontinence. A number of procedures are available for testing of the many varied aspects of both the parasympafhetic and sympathetic nervous systems. These tests include Valsalva maneuver testing, RR interval testing, tilt-table testing, microneurography, and the thermoregulatory sweat test. This chapter reviews the basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the autonomie nervous system and the tests that are most effective in their evaluation.
Community Structure along a Thermal Gradient in a Stream Near Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

The study of the diversity of life on earth has traditionally been one of the cornerstones of biological science. Examination of variations among plant and animal species became the foundation for Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. More recently, ecological studies have demonstrated that community diversity is an important determinant in ecosystem processes and stability (Tilman et al., 1994; Tilman et al., 1997). The study of the evolution and diversity of microorganisms, however, has lagged behind that of other life forms, largely because of the difficulties inherent in assessing microbial diversity in nature. Microorganisms lack the complex morphologies used to classify higher organisms, and shared physiological traits have also proven unreliable in inferring evolutionary relationships (Fox et al., 1980). Traditional culture techniques often lead to underestimation of diversity by selecting for those organisms best suited to the growth media (Brock, 1987).
Efficient HMM-based estimation of missing features, with applications to packet loss concealment.

In this paper, we present efficient HMM-based techniques for estimating missing features. By assuming speech features to be observations of hidden Markov processes, we derive a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) solution. We increase the computational efficiency of HMM-based methods by downsampling underlying Markov models, and by enforcing symmetry in transitional probability matrices. When applied to features generally utilized in parametric speech coding, namely line spectral frequencies (LSFs), the proposed methods provide significant improvement over the baseline repetition scheme, in terms of Itakura-Saito distortion and peak SNR.
Model Selection and Parameter Estimation for Exponential Signals

In this paper, probability theory is applied to the problem of estimating the decay rate constants in data that are known to contain sums of exponentials. In many instances the number of exponential components is unknown. One might naively believe that the correct strategy, to estimate the parameters, is to first determine the number of exponentials and then estimate the parameters from a model containing that number of exponentials. However, this is not what the rules of probability theory indicate should be done. Probability theory indicates that the best parameter estimates are obtained from the probability for the parameter of interest independent of the number of exponentials in the data. This probability density function is a weighted average. It is a sum over the probability for the parameter given the number of exponentials weighted by the probability that this number of exponentials is the correct value. When the number of exponentials in the data are well determined, this reduces to the problem of determining the number of exponentials and then estimating the parameters given that number of exponentials. However, when the data fail to strongly support a single value for the number of exponentials the result from probability can differ significantly from this intuitive procedure. In this paper a sketch of these calculations is presented, and numerical examples are used to illustrate the calculations.
What is College: Really like for Adult Students?:

As the number of adults on our campuses increases, it is critical that we understand what they are experiencing—both in and out of the classroom. Here an expert on adult learning sheds light on wha...
Investigations into the DNA-binding mode of doxorubicinone

Cancer treatment is one of the major challenges facing the modern biomedical profession. Development of new small-molecule chemotherapeutics requires an understanding of the mechanism of action for these treatments, as well as the structure-activity relationship. Study of the well-known DNA-intercalating agent, doxorubicin, and its aglycone, doxorubicinone, was undertaken using a variety of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. It was found that, despite conservation of the planar, aromatic portion of doxorubicin, the agylcone does not intercalate; it instead likely binds to the DNA minor-groove.
The Tragedy of Hoemdiplet: Freud’s Fusion of Oedipus and Hamlet

Very early on, Freud centered his argument for the universality of the Oedipus complex on a reading of Oedipus Tyrannus. But why did he insist on reading it specifically as a theatrical experience on the part of a modern audience? This article argues that Freud’s theory from the start had fused the Sophoclean play with Shakespeare’s Hamlet , deploying Oedipus Tyrannus metatheatrically as Hamlet deployed “The Murder of Gonzago” to trigger a reaction in Claudius. Freud puts us in the audience of Oedipus in order for us to sense our own oedipal guilt, confirming his theory.
Metastatic presentations of previously treated early stage breast cancer patients.

e23065Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients on surveillance often suffer from a fear of recurrence. Given that routine surveillance imaging is not recommended, the ability to recognize metastatic...
Incidence of Left Atrial Appendage Triggers in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Catheter Ablation

Abstract Objective This study sought to investigate incidence of left atrial appendage (LAA) triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or organized atrial tachycardias (OAT) in patients undergoing AF ablation and to evaluate outcomes after ablation. Background Although LAA isolation is being increasingly performed during AF ablation, the true incidence of LAA triggers for AF remains unclear. Methods All patients with LAA triggers of AF and/or OAT during AF ablation from 2001 to 2017 were included. LAA triggers were defined as atrial premature depolarizations from the LAA, which initiated sustained AF and/or OAT. Results Out of 7,129 patients undergoing AF ablation over 16 years, LAA triggers were observed in 21 (0.3%) subjects (age 60 ± 9 years; 57% males; 52% persistent AF). Twenty (95%) patients were undergoing repeat ablation. The LAA was the only nonpulmonary vein trigger in 3 patients; the remaining 18 patients had both LAA and other nonpulmonary vein triggers. LAA triggers were eliminated in all patients (focal ablation in 19 patients; LAA isolation in 2 patients). Twelve months after ablation, 47.6% remained free from recurrent arrhythmia. After overall follow-up of 5.0 ± 3.6 years (median: 3.7 years; interquartile range: 1.4 to 8.9 years), 38.1% were arrhythmia-free. All 3 patients with triggers limited to the LAA remained free of AF recurrence. One patient undergoing LAA isolation developed LAA thrombus during follow-up. Conclusions The incidence of true LAA triggers is very low (0.3%). Most patients with LAA triggers have additional nonpulmonary vein triggers, and despite elimination of LAA triggers, long-term arrhythmia recurrence rates remain high. Potential risks of empiric LAA isolation during AF ablation (especially first-time AF ablation) may outweigh benefits.
In Search of the Sacred Book: Religion and the Contemporary Latin American Novel. By Aníbal González. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. 244 pages.

This study on religion and the contemporary Latin American novel traces the presence of the sacred starting with Federico Gamboa's Santa (1903) and ending with Roberto Bolano's Los detectives salvajes (1998), placing the narratives discussed within the vast panorama of Western literature and thought. The author acknowledges that the relationship between religion and the novel may seem paradoxical "given the markedly secular nature of prose fiction in Western culture" (3). Yet, elements such as magic, the supernatural, wizards, among others, "bring it closer to the sacred" (4). The book also includes new readings of works by Borges, Bombal, Carpentier, Rulfo, Cortazar, Lezama Lima, Garcia Marquez, Poniatowska, and Fernando Vallejo. Scholar Anibal Gonzalez offers a superb contextualization of 20th century Latin American literature within the tradition of Western literature and thought. His study is a must read for critics of Latin American literature and culture.
Research and practice of computer basic course at medical colleges

Through the research and practice of computer basic course at medical colleges, the paper summarizes the experience of using modern technical means, to reform the traditional teaching ideas, teaching methods, teaching means and teaching management, to diversify teaching resources sharing. It also analyzes the shortcomings and makes recommendations to further strengthen the course development. Key words: Computer basic course; Teaching resources; Blackboard learning platform
What Surgeons Should Know About Breast Reconstruction for Oncology Patients

The purpose of this review is to highlight the major tenets of breast reconstruction and to summarize the existing state of the literature related to these. Trends in breast reconstruction rates have recently reversed. Existing data cannot yet account for this. Current literature may not fully address the actual reality of breast reconstruction today. Outcome measures to define a successful breast reconstruction continue to be refined. Reconstruction choices related to type of reconstruction and timing, as well as oncologic treatment trends and device technology, are in constant evolution. A great diversity of reconstruction opportunities exists to suit patients’ needs. Careful understanding of the evidence base in breast reconstruction must be employed by plastic surgeons to maximize the benefit of reconstruction for each individual patient.
Voice and Stroboscopic Characteristics in Transgender Patients Seeking Gender-Affirming Voice Care

Objective Understanding transgender voice is in nascent stages. This study describes voice characteristics in treatment-seeking trans women by comparing two validated questionnaires-Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and Transsexual Voice Questionnaire (TVQMtF )-and reports incidence of abnormal stroboscopy findings and acoustic characteristics. Methods Retrospective review of transgender patients presenting to tertiary-care laryngology center between February 2018-February 2019. Mean VHI-10, TVQ, and Singing VHI-10 (SVHI-10) scores; audio-perceptual grade; acoustic measures; and stroboscopy findings were analyzed. VHI-10 and SVHI-10 vs TVQMtF were compared. Results Sixty-one trans female patients (mean age: 32 ± 11 years) were analyzed. Mean duration since start of transition was 41.5 ± 61 months. Sixty-nine percent presented full-time female in all contexts. Pathologic stroboscopy findings were found in 5%. Mean questionnaire scores were 16 ± 10 (VHI-10), 19 ± 13 (SVHI-10), and 81 ± 22 (TVQMtF ). Correlation between VHI-10 and SVHI-10 versus TVQMtF was weak, R = 0.47 (P = .053) and R = 0.35 (P = .17), respectively. Mean audio-perceptual grade was 0.27 ± 0.15. Mean Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID, sustained vowel) was 8.5 ± 21.9. Mean Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) Fo and CPP Fo SD in rainbow passage were 157.3 ± 16 and 59.4 ± 15.9, respectively. Conclusion Trans women report perceived voice handicap in speaking and singing, which appears separate from gender-related voice/communication concerns. This study is the first to report stroboscopy findings in transgender individuals, with 5% being abnormal. Stroboscopy is encouraged before initiating voice intervention in transgender patients. Preliminary evaluation suggests weak correlation between VHI-10 or SVHI-10 and TVQMtF but requires further investigation. TVQMtF may provide information which more specifically reflects voice concerns of trans women as compared to VHI-10 and SVHI-10. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1071-1077, 2021.
Collaborative Design Principles From Minecraft With Applications to Multi-User CAD

Real-time simultaneous multi-user (RSM) computer-aided design (CAD) is currently a major area of research and industry interest due to its potential to reduce design lead times and improve design quality through enhanced collaboration. Minecraft, a popular multi-player online game in which players use blocks to design structures, is of academic interest as a natural experiment in collaborative 3D design of very complex structures. Virtual teams of up to forty simultaneous designers have created city-scale models with total design times in the thousands of hours. Using observation and a survey of Minecraft users, we offer insights into how virtual design teams might effectively build, communicate, and manage projects in an RSM CAD design environment. The results suggest that RSM CAD will be useful and practical in an engineering setting with several simultaneous contributors. We also discuss the potential effects of RSM CAD on team organization, planning, design concurrency, communication, and mentoring.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Histologic and Proteomic Remodeling of the Pulmonary Veins and Arteries in a Porcine Model of Chronic Pulmonary Venous Hypertension

ABSTRACT AIM In heart failure (HF), pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) produces pulmonary hypertension (PH) with remodeling of pulmonary veins (PV) and arteries (PA). In a porcine PVH model, we performed proteomic-based bioinformatics to investigate unique pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating PA and PV remodeling. METHODS Large PV were banded (PVH, n= 10) or not (Sham, n=9) in piglets. At sacrifice, PV and PA were perfusion labeled for vessel specific histology and proteomics. The PA and PV were separately sampled with laser-capture micro-dissection for mass spectrometry. RESULTS Pulmonary vascular resistance (Wood Units; 8.6 versus 2.0) and PA (19.9 versus 10.3) and PV (14.2 versus 7.6) wall thickness/external diameter (%) were increased in PVH (p CONCLUSION These findings provide new therapeutic targets to oppose pulmonary vascular remodeling in HF-related PH. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE In heart failure (HF) related (Group 2) PH, despite remodeling of pulmonary veins (PV) and arteries (PA), therapies targeting PA biology altered in Group 1 PH have not shown consistent benefit. In a porcine Group 2 PH model, microdissection allowed vessel specific (PV and PA) proteomics/bioinformatics. In PA and PV, the integrated stress response and mTOR signaling were activated with evidence of dysregulated growth. In PV, many more pathways were altered with broad evidence of disrupted endothelial barrier function and endothelial mesenchymal transition. Findings were confirmed in human specimens and provide new therapeutic targets in Group 2 PH.
Metamodal Coupling of Vibrotactile and Auditory Speech Processing Systems Through Matched Stimulus Representations

It has been postulated the brain is organized by metamodal, sensory-independent cortical modules implementing particular computations. Yet, evidence for this theory has been variable. We hypothesized that effective metamodal engagement requires not only an abstract, cognitive congruence between cross-modal stimuli but also a congruence between neural representations. To test this hypothesis, we trained participants to recognize vibrotactile versions of auditory words using two encoding schemes. The vocoded approach preserved the dynamics and representational similarities of auditory speech while the token-based approach used an abstract phoneme-based code. Although both groups learned the vibrotactile word recognition task, only in the vocoded group did trained vibrotactile stimuli recruit the auditory speech network and lead to increased coupling between somatosensory and auditory speech areas. In contrast, the token-based encoding appeared to rely on paired-associate learning. Thus, matching neural input representations is a critical factor for assessing and leveraging the metamodal potential of cortical modules.
Why do they stay? An exploratory analysis of identities and commitment factors associated with teaching retention in high-need school contexts

Abstract While the literature cites a number of examples for why STEM teachers leave high-need school (HNS) contexts, there are fewer studies that address why teachers stay. Through the examination of STEM teacher participants who accepted a scholarship to teach in HNSs, we sought to understand the aspects of their identities and social experiences that supported their commitment. Using a qualitative methodology and thematic analysis, we found teachers to enact researcher and social justice advocate identities that were supported by familial relationships with administrators, colleagues, and students. These factors support teachers not just to remain but to flourish amid highly demanding contexts.
Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in adductor laryngeal dystonia: a safety, feasibility, and pilot study.

PURPOSE The effects of neuromodulation are virtually unexplored in adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD), a disorder characterized by involuntary contraction of intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Recent findings indicated that intracortical inhibition is reduced in people with AdLD. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces prolonged intracortical inhibition, but the effects in AdLD are unexplored. This pilot and feasibility study aimed to examine the safety, feasibility, and effects of a single session 1 Hz rTMS over the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) in people with AdLD and healthy individuals. METHODS The stimulation location was individualized and determined through TMS-evoked responses in the thyroarytenoid muscles using fine-wire electrodes. 1200 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS were delivered to the left LMC in two groups: Control (n = 6) and AdLD (n = 7). Tolerance, adverse effects, intracortical inhibition, and voice recordings were collected immediately before and after rTMS. Voice quality was assessed with acoustic-based and auditory-perceptual measures. RESULTS All participants tolerated the procedures, with no unexpected adverse events or worsening of symptoms. No significant effects on intracortical inhibition were observed. In the AdLD group, there was a large-effect size after rTMS in vocal perturbation measures and a small-effect size in decreased phonatory breaks. CONCLUSIONS One rTMS session over the LMC is safe and feasible, and demonstrated trends of beneficial effects on voice quality and phonatory function in AdLD. These preliminary findings support further investigation to assess clinical benefits in a future randomized sham-controlled trial. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02957942, registered on November 8, 2016.
The effect of age on decision making during unprotected turns across oncoming traffic

The present study examined whether age-related differences in quantative measures of left-turn performance could explain older drivers' increased susceptibility to crashing while making unprotected left turns across traffic. Older and younger adults made left turns across traffic in a driving simulator. Time to decide to turn, time to negotiate the turn, the size of the accepted gap, gap clearance, and time to collision with an oncoming vehicle were measured. A significant interaction between age group and the speed of oncoming traffic as obtained for decision time. Implications for older adults' safety and future directions are discussed.
Nanomanipulation-Coupled Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization-Direct Organelle Mass Spectrometry: A Technique for the Detailed Analysis of Single Organelles

We describe a novel technique combining precise organelle microextraction with deposition and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for a rapid, minimally invasive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of single organelles from living cells. A dual-positioner nanomanipulator workstation was utilized for both extraction of organelle content and precise co-deposition of analyte and matrix solution for MALDI-direct organelle mass spectrometry (DOMS) analysis. Here, the triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of single lipid droplets from 3T3-L1 adipocytes were acquired and results validated with nanoelectrospray ionization (NSI) MS. The results demonstrate the utility of the MALDI-DOMS technique as it enabled longer mass analysis time, higher ionization efficiency, MS imaging of the co-deposited spot, and subsequent MS/MS capabilities of localized lipid content in comparison to NSI-DOMS. This method provides selective organellar resolution, which complements current biochemical analyses and prompts for subsequent subcellular studies to be performed where limited samples and analyte volume are of concern.
Programmed Instruction Techniques for the Mentally Retarded

Publisher Summary The research carried out in the area of programmed instruction with the retarded is not extensive, and in many cases, the studies lack methodological sophistication. This chapter reviews 31 separate research projects that range from controlled experiments to anecdotal accounts of behavioral changes that resulted when programmed instruction techniques were used. Some have been carefully executed and reported. The chapter briefly discusses some general papers relating to programmed instruction with the retarded. The chapter evaluates the work carried out so far to indicate some probable directions that future research can be expected to take. One fact that stands out in many studies is that, regardless of the subject matter or the method of programming, learning gains were modest. Although from the beginning to the end of the program the reported gains were often statistically significant, they were rarely impressive.
A Note on Falling Headwater and Rising Tailwater Permeability Tests

Falling-head permeability tests may be performed in two ways: (1) with a constant tailwater pressure and (2) with a rising tailwater pressure. Equations published in textbooks and manuals for calculating hydraulic conductivity from a falling-head test are for the first type of test only and are in error by a factor of 2 when applied to the second type of test. The correct equations for calculating hydraulic conductivity for both types of test are derived and confirmed.
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Synergizes with Notch2 To Govern Marginal Zone B Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Expansion of autoimmune-prone marginal zone (MZ) B cells has been implicated in type 1 diabetes. To test disease contributions of MZ B cells in NOD mice, Notch2 haploinsufficiency (Notch2(+/-)) was introduced but failed to eliminate the MZ, as it does in C57BL/6 mice. Notch2(+/-)/NOD have MZ B cell numbers similar to those of wild-type C57BL/6, yet still develop diabetes. To test whether BCR signaling supports Notch2(+/-)/NOD MZ B cells, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) deficiency was introduced. Surprisingly, MZ B cells failed to develop in Btk-deficient Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice. Expression of Notch2 and its transcriptional target, Hes5, was increased in NOD MZ B cells compared with C57BL/6 MZ B cells. Btk deficiency reduced Notch2(+/-) signaling exclusively in NOD B cells, suggesting that BCR signaling enhances Notch2 signaling in this autoimmune model. The role of BCR signaling was further investigated using an anti-insulin transgenic (Tg) BCR (125Tg). Anti-insulin B cells in 125Tg/Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice populate an enlarged MZ, suggesting that low-level BCR signaling overcomes reliance on Notch2. Tracking clonotypes of anti-insulin B cells in H chain-only VH125Tg/NOD mice showed that BTK-dependent selection into the MZ depends on strength of antigenic binding, whereas Notch2-mediated selection does not. Importantly, anti-insulin B cell numbers were reduced by Btk deficiency, but not Notch2 haploinsufficiency. These studies show that 1) Notch2 haploinsufficiency limits NOD MZ B cell expansion without preventing type 1 diabetes, 2) BTK supports the Notch2 pathway in NOD MZ B cells, and 3) autoreactive NOD B cell survival relies on BTK more than Notch2, regardless of MZ location, which may have important implications for disease-intervention strategies.
Acid and base regulation in the proteome of Escherichia coli.

Acid and base conditions have many significant effects on the growth of Escherichia coli. External and internal pH perturbations induce different classes of genes. pH-dependent regulation of genes intersects with other regulatory responses, e.g. oxygen level or osmolarity. 2D electrophoretic gels were used to compare global patterns of protein induction in Escherichia coli grown in complex media buffered at the acid or alkaline ends of the pH range for growth (pH 4.4 vs. pH 9.1). Preliminary results indicate new classes of acid- and base-dependent regulation, in some cases highly dependent on oxygen level. Other proteins are induced strongly at both extremes of pH, compared to pH 7. Current work continues to dissect the relationship between effects of pH, oxygen level and osmolarity.
Citizens or Anticitizens? Afro‐Descendants and Counternarcotics Policing in Multicultural Nicaragua

Este articulo examina la ciudadania multicultural y la vigilancia antinarcoticos en Nicaragua como dos formas contradictorias de gubermentalidad posrevolucionaria dirigida a la poblacion afrodescendiente en la Costa Atlantica de este pais. Mientras el multiculturalismo representa una modalidad de gobernanza y diferencia cultural, la vigilancia antinarcoticos se basa en tecnologias de control que codifican las diferencias raciales, particularmente la negritud, como negativo y amenazante para el cuerpo politico mestizo. El efecto politico de estas estrategias coemergentes de gobernanza es profundo, simultaneamente empoderando, estigmatizando y radicalizando el activismo multicultural y la resistencia dentro de las comunidades afrodescendientes. Esos efectos respaldan el argumento central de este trabajo: para entender como el multiculturalismo posrevolucionario opera politicamente debemos mirar mas alla de las iniciativas multiculturales y examinar otras tacticas de gobernanza que involucran a los sujetos multiculturales. This article examines multicultural citizenship and counternarcotics policing in Nicaragua as two contradictory forms of postrevolutionary governmentality directed at Afro-descendant peoples from the Atlantic Coast region. While multiculturalism represents a modality of governance and political activism that holds new possibilities for the recognition and valorization of racial and cultural difference, counternarcotics policing relies on technologies of control that code racial difference, particularly blackness, as negative and threatening to the mestizo body politic. The political effects of these coemergent governance strategies are profound, serving to simultaneously empower, stigmatize, and radicalize multicultural activism and resistance within Afro-descendant communities. Such effects support the central argument here that in order to understand how postrevolutionary multiculturalism operates politically, we must look beyond overtly multicultural initiatives to examine other tactics of government that implicate multicultural subjects
Rapid photochemical equilibration of isotope bond ordering in O2

The abundances of 18O18O and 17O18O in the atmosphere were recently found to be enriched relative to the stochastic distribution of isotopes in O2. The enrichment is believed to arise from O(3P) + O2 isotope exchange reactions, which reorder the isotopes in O2 to a distribution that favors bonds between heavy isotopes. Theoretical predictions and laboratory experiments suggest that the reordered distribution of isotopes should reflect internal isotopic equilibrium, but a laboratory test of this hypothesis for the complete O2 isotopologue system has not yet been realized. Here we use a simple photochemical experiment that reorders the isotopes in O2 at temperatures between 200 K and 350 K. Using simultaneous measurements of five O2 isotopologues, we show that O(3P) + O2 reorders the isotopes in O2 to isotopic equilibrium. Furthermore, we use this scheme to calibrate measurements of isotopic ordering in samples of O2, obtaining Δ36 and Δ35 values within ±0.1‰. Measurements of atmospheric O2 sampled at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 2012 to 2014 have mean values of Δ36 = 1.97 ± 0.07‰ and Δ35 = 1.0 ± 0.1‰ (2 SE; n = 23), with no detectable long-term trend. These measurements are consistent with values for air reported earlier, but with a threefold to fourfold improvement in precision. Together, the experiments and observations support the case that isotopic ordering in tropospheric O2 is altered by O(3P) + O2; however, they also suggest that tropospheric Δ36 and Δ35 values do not reflect complete isotopic equilibration in the troposphere. Isotopic ordering in atmospheric O2 likely reflects the decadal-scale balance of stratospheric and tropospheric air masses modulated by variations in tropospheric photochemistry and convection.
Pay Attention!: Sluggish Multisensory Attentional Shifting as a Core Deficit in Developmental Dyslexia

The aim of this review is to provide a background on the neurocognitive aspects of the reading process and review neuroscientific studies of individuals with developmental dyslexia, which provide evidence for amodal processing deficits. Hari, Renvall, and Tanskanen (2001) propose amodal sluggish attentional shifting (SAS) as a causal factor for temporal processing deficits in dyslexia. Undergirding this theory is the notion that when dyslexics are faced with rapid sequences of stimuli, their automatic attentional systems fail to disengage efficiently, which leads to difficulty when moving from one item to the next (Lallier et al., ). This results in atypical perception of rapid stimulus sequences. Until recently, the SAS theory, particularly the examination of amodal attentional deficits, was studied solely through the use of behavioural measures (Facoetti et al., ; Facoetti, Lorusso, Cattaneo, Galli, & Molteni, ). This paper examines evidence within the literature that provides a basis for further exploration of amodal SAS as an underlying deficit in developmental dyslexia.
Vascular Imaging With Ferumoxytol as a Contrast Agent

OBJECTIVE. Ferumoxytol is increasingly reported as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR angiography (MRA), particularly for patients with renal failure. This article summarizes more than 3 years of clinical experience with ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA for a range of indications and anatomic regions. CONCLUSION. Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA has many advantages including that it is safe for patients with renal failure and provides a lengthy plateau of vascular signal as a blood pool agent that allows longer navigated MRA sequences.
Eosinophilic Drug Allergy

While peripheral or tissue eosinophilia may certainly characterize drug eruptions, this feature is hardly pathognomonic for a medication-induced etiology. While delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions with prominent eosinophilic recruitment have been typically classified as type IVb reactions, their pathophysiology is now known to be more complex. Eosinophilic drug reactions have a diversity of presentations and may be benign and self-limited to severe and life-threatening. The extent of clinical involvement is also heterogeneous, ranging from isolated peripheral eosinophilia or single organ involvement (most often the skin and lung) to systemic disease affecting multiple organs, classically exemplified by drug-reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). The spectrum of implicated medications in the causation of DRESS is ever expanding, and multiple factors including drug metabolites, specific HLA alleles, herpes viruses, and immune system activation have been implicated in pathogenesis. Due to this complex interplay of various factors, diagnostic workup in terms of skin and laboratory testing has not been validated. Similarly, the lack of controlled trials limits treatment options. This review also describes other localized as well as systemic manifestations of eosinophilic disease induced by various medication classes, including their individual pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Given the multitude of clinical patterns associated with eosinophilic drug allergy, the diagnosis can be challenging. Considerable deficits in our knowledge of these presentations remain, but the potential for severe reactions should be borne in mind in order to facilitate diagnosis and institute appropriate management.
Isolated posteromedial papillary muscle endocarditis

A 69-year-old male presented with a 3-week history of fatigue. Physical examination revealed an Osler's node on the right index finger (see Supplementary data online, Figure S1 ), a Janeway lesion in the right palm (see Supplementary data online, Figure S2 ), and a splinter haemorrhage in the right middle finger. Laboratory data showed leucocytosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus grew …
Simulation and experimental verification of model-based optoelectronic packaging automation

In this paper, we present our most recent theory and the experimental setup to verify our research into an advanced automation technique that yields high performance, low cost optoelectronic alignment and packaging through the use of intelligent control theory and system-level modeling. Our approach is to build an a priori knowledge based model, specific to the assembled package's optical power propagation characteristics. From this model, a piece-wise linear inverse model is created and used in the "feed-forward" loop. If accurate models are determined, perfect tracking can be achieved. In addition to this feed-forward model, our controller is designed with feedback components, along with the inclusion of a built-in optical power sensor. We will also introduce the test bed that we have developed to verify our control loop algorithm and present initial results.
CRT-110 Association of Elevated Triglycerides and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Hispanics

Previous studies have demonstrated that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young patients (age<45 years) is associated with smoking, obesity and hyperlipidemia without chronic conditions such as hypertension, established coronary artery disease (CAD) or diabetes mellitus. Young patients with AMI
Pain Medication as an Indicator of Interference With Lifestyle and Oral Function During Recovery After Third Molar Surgery

Purpose This study was designed to assess the impact of taking pain medications, as a more comprehensive indicator of perceived pain, on the extent of interference with lifestyle and oral function during recovery after third molar surgery. Patients and Methods Recovery data after the removal of 4 third molars were available for patients enrolled in an institutional review board-approved, prospective, multicenter clinical trial. A self-administered health-related quality of life instrument, designed to assess a patients perception of recovery for pain, lifestyle, and oral function, was completed each postsurgery day (PSD) for 14 days. Taking pain medications was a proxy for a patients perceived level of pain, adding a more sensitive behavioral component to the report of pain. Each PSD day, the patients who thought that their pain was sufficient to require taking medications (an opioid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, or the combination) were compared with patients not taking pain medications. The extent of interference in lifestyle (daily activity, social life, recreation, sleep) and in oral function (eating, chewing, mouth opening) as self-reported on a scale of 1 (no trouble) to 5 (lots of trouble) were compared for those taking and not taking medications using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel row mean statistics ( P < .05). Results The 445 study patients were mostly female (63%) and white (86%). Median age was 20 years (IQ, 18, 24 years). Median surgery time was 30 minutes (IQ, 20, 40 minutes). Both mandibular third molars were below the occlusal plane in 60%. Almost all patients took pain medication on PSD 1. By PSD 7, 48% of patients were taking pain medication, decreasing to 20% by PSD 11. Patients with pain sufficient to take an analgesic reported a greater extent of interference for all lifestyle and oral function measures. Recovery was significantly delayed for PSD 2 through 14 for patients who took medications ( P < 0.01). Recovery for females taking pain medications was significantly delayed compared with that for males. Conclusions Patients with pain sufficient to prompt taking pain medications were likely to report interference with recovery for lifestyle and oral function. A patients choice to take pain medication appears to be a better indicator of a patients perceived pain and the impact of that pain on recovery than numerical pain scales. This method provides more sensitive behavioral information during the period of recovery after third molar removal.
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by extrinsic compression of the pulmonary artery. Correlative imaging.

An unsuspected right hilar mass causing extrinsic pulmonarg artery compression without pulmonary vein or bronchial compromise manifested scintigraphically as a lobar ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Correlative angiographic and CT imaging is presented
Off-mass shell parity-violating pion--nucleon interaction

In the usual theoretical description of parity violation, off-mass-shell effects of the weak pion-nucleon interaction are neglected. In the Cabibbo theory, the weak parity-violating pion-nucleon vertex is then proportional to ${sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05$ as it arises only from strangeness-changing weak currents. If off-mass-shell effects are taken into account, then a vertex proportional to ${cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$ is possible. In this work, we derive an effective ${cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$ pion-nucleon interaction by means of the renormalizable $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model. We obtain an effective dimensionless coupling estimate which is roughly given by $\mathrm{Gg}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}M}{M}$ if the nucleon is timelike and half off its mass shell by $\ensuremath{\Delta}M$. Thus neutral as well as charged weak pion-nucleon couplings of sizable strengths (\ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$) are predicted by this model even though no neutral weak currents are invoked.
Application of the covering function method in quantum hydrodynamics for two-dimensional scattering problems

Abstract Wave packet scattering from a repulsive barrier is considered for a two-dimensional problem in the hydrodynamic formulation of quantum mechanics. The node problem is circumvented by implementation of the covering function method (CFM), which was previously tested on a one-dimensional scattering problem. Propagation of the actual wave function is substituted by propagation of node-free total and covering functions. After that, the actual function is extracted from them. Examples are presented to demonstrate the CFM for the scattering of both ground and excited internal state wave packets.
Finite Element Interface Technology for Modeling Delamination Growth in Composite Structures

An effective and robust interface element technology is presented for connecting and simulating crack growth between independently modeled finite element subdomains, for example, composite plies. This method has been developed using penalty constraints and allows coupling of finite element models whose nodes do not necessarily coincide along their common interface. Additionally, the present formulation leads to a computational approach that is very efficient and completely compatible with existing commercial software. The present interface element has been implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS as a user element subroutine, making it easy to test the approach for a wide range of problems. Additionally, the interface element formulation has been modified to simulate delamination growth in composite laminates. Thanks to its special features, the interface element approach makes it possible to release portions of the interface surface whose length is smaller than that of the finite elements. In addition, the penalty parameter can vary within the interface element, allowing the damage model to be applied to a desired fraction of the interface between the two meshes. Results for double cantilever beam and end-loaded split specimens are presented. These results are compared to measured data to assess the ability of the present damage model to simulate delamination growth.
Electron microscopy of gold nanoparticle intake in the gut of Daphnia magna

Few studies have described aquatic organisms interacting with manufactured nanoparticles. One key factor in determining these materials potential toxicity is the extent to which these particles accumulate in tissues. This may be most important for aquatic organisms as they contact large quantities of water through their feeding behavior. We examined the uptake and release of gold particles in filter-feeding Daphnia magna. Daphnia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of gold nanoparticles for 1, 6, 12, or 24 hours. Transmission Electron Microscopy was used to examine the presence and distribution of gold in gut tissue. The highest concentration of nanoparticles was found after 12 h. Particle clearance was investigated by placing organisms in fresh water and observing particles retention in the gut tissue over time. The initial trend of high gold concentration in the mouth with low levels in the tail region was reversed, suggesting clearance of particles with time.
The Space Shuttle Program: A Policy Failure?

The 5 January 1972 announcement by President Richard Nixon that the United States would develop during the 1970's a new space transportation system-the space shuttle-has had fundamental impacts on the character of U.S. space activities. In retrospect, it can be argued that the shuttle design chosen was destined to fail to meet many of the policy objectives established for the system; the shuttle's problems in serving as the primary launch vehicle for the United States and in providing routine and cost-effective space transportation are in large part a result of the ways in which compromises were made in the 1971-72 period in order to gain White House and congressional approval to proceed with the program. The decision to develop a space shuttle is an example of a poor quality national commitment to a major technological undertaking.
Arene complexes of Ru(II) Part I. Synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystal structure of [(η6-C6H5CH3)RuCl(PPh3)2][BF4]

Abstract The reaction of AgBF4 with the Ru(II) complex, dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)Ru(II) in toluene leads to the formation of a stable cationic complex in which the aromatic ring of the solvent molecule is bound in an η6 manner. The complex was characterized by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy and its crystal structure determined. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, with lattice constants a=10.389(2), b=13.743(3), c=17.344(4) A, α=72.15(2), β=83.80(2), γ=81.34(2)°, V=2325.2(9) A3, Z=2. Convergence to conventional R values of R=0.0735 and Rw=0.0950 was obtained using 332 variable parameters and 3123 reflections with I>3σ(I).
Effect of Gases on the Conductivity of Organic Solids. IV. Site of Carrier Injection

Abstract -Evidence suggesting the involvement of the electrode-crystal interface in ambient vapor induced charge carrier injection phenomena in organic crystals is presented. Space-charge-limited currents are not observed until high voltages are applied when superlinear current-voltage character-istics indicating such effects are also found in the unexposed crystal. Drift mobility measurements on anthracene crystals exposed to iodine vapor confirm that the ambient vapor induced bulk conductivity effects are phenomena in volving the production of charge carriers.