cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-layer mitigation techniques for channel impairments

Next-generation communications satellite constellations will use advanced radio frequency (RF) technologies to provide Internet protocol (IP) packet-switched high-speed backbone transport services for various user communication applications, with ever-increasing traffic demand. These applications range from data services to imagery, voice, video, and other potential emerging applications. Satellite uplinks and downlinks may endure channel impairments that have fades of varying durations due to weather, communications on the move (COTM) blockages, scintillation, terrestrial multipath, or jamming. Satellite payloads and ground terminals must be able to mitigate this wide range of impairments and optimize the use of available spectrum to deliver the highest possible data rates while maintaining a required quality of service (QoS). A suite of mitigation techniques—including channel interleaving and forward error correction (FEC) in the physical layer, dynamic coding and modulation (DCM) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) in the data link layer, and application codec adaptation (ACA) in the application layer—has been proposed for various channel fades. Since each mitigation strategy could potentially interact with another, it is essential not only to assess the performance of each mitigation technique, but also to understand how multiple cross-layer techniques work together. This paper describes an emulation study of channel impairment mitigation using a combination of dynamic modulation (DM), ARQ, and ACA for various channel fades. A real-time emulation test bed was established by integrating Satellite-to-Terminal Real-time Ethernet Configurable Hardware (STRETCH) and SAtellite Link EMulator (SALEM) test beds, both of which are unique capabilities developed in-house at The Aerospace Corporation. STRETCH provides modulation/demodulation, coding, interleaving, and various types of channel fading. SALEM implements a range of mitigation techniques, such as ARQ, DM, and ACA. ARQ retransmissions are triggered in the absence of acknowledgment, DM is invoked upon SNR changes, and ACA is called when the available data rate changes. Results show that DM and ACA successfully mitigate channel fades of longer durations. Faster fades with fluctuating channel gains but a steady SNR average over a given time window do not trigger DM, but endure bit errors and packet drops caused by instantaneous low SNR values. ARQ retransmissions successfully mitigate these types of channel fades. This paper presents descriptions of the test bed architecture, mitigation techniques, test scenarios, and test results.
Thrombocytosis in Children with Hemophilus Influenzae Meningitis

A retrospective study of thrombocytosis in children with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis was performed. Forty-five percent of patients had a platelet count greater than 500 X 109/l during hospitalization. The mean platelet count was 284 X 109/l on admission, and gradually increased to 648 X 10 9/l on day 11 of hospitalization. These results document that thrombocytosis is common among children with H. influenzae meningitis and suggest that it is probably a recovery phenomenon.
Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Background: Myocardial infarction in pregnancy carries high morbidity. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is one etiology of infarction, and up to one third of cases may arise in the third trimester of pregnancy or within three months postpartum.Case: We report two cases of spontaneous coronary artery dissection, one at 34 weeks gestation and one postpartum. Both patients were diagnosed with angiography and treated medically and one required percutaneous coronary intervention, with good obstetric outcome and return of cardiac function.Conclusion: Myocardial infarction, and particularly spontaneous coronary artery dissection, should be in the differential diagnosis of pregnant women presenting with cardiac-type symptoms, despite perceived lack of risk factors. Angiography will aid in diagnosis, and multiple therapeutic modalities exist.
Children's Acceptance of Safety Guidelines after Exposure to Televised Dramas Depicting Accidents.

Grade‐school children were exposed to a scene from a movie involving one of two activities (either fire‐ or water‐related activities) and involving one of two outcomes (fatal accidents or neutral events). Later, they were taught safety guidelines appropriate to the subject matter of the event they had watched (i.e., either fire safety or water safety). The results indicated that watching the dramatized accidents increased students’ estimated importance of adopting safety guidelines and their perceptions of the dangerousness of not complying. The results are discussed in terms of fear appeals research and media theory and in terms of their practical implications for promoting safety.
Using Hydrogen and Chlorine on Si(111) to Store Data

The interaction of a pyridine molecule with H and Cl atoms on a Si(111) surface is studied using a cluster model in conjunction with the B3LYP/6-3 1G level of theory. Regardless of the type of the neighboring atoms, the interaction of the pyridine with a hydrogen atom is very different from its interaction a chlorine atom. This system is discussed in terms of our atomic data storage proposal.
Fetuin: its enigmatic property of growth promotion

A variety of cell types in culture respond to fetuin, a glycoprotein from fetal bovine serum, which is often an important supplement to many serum-free media. Bovine fetuin preparation has been shown to inhibit trypsin activity and promote cellular attachment, growth, and differentiation in many different culture systems. In addition, fetuin associates with various growth factors or growth-promoting substances. However, whether the growth-promoting activity of fetuin preparation is due to fetuin per se or to its minor contaminant(s) has been a long-standing puzzle. The present review surveys the literature concerning this enigmatic property of fetuin and summarizes three possibilities: 1) fetuin itself is active, although the majority of studies do not support this; 2) various contaminants of fetuin preparations, including potentially unidentified ones, are responsible for the activity, a possibility supported by numerous reports; and 3) one of the fetuin subspecies, one of its contaminants, or a combination of both of these is responsible for growth of a specific cell type. In addition, the basic physicochemical properties and other biological functions of fetuin have also been presented.
Failing to learn: towards a unified design approach for failure-based learning

To date, many instructional systems are designed to support learners as they progress through a problem-solving task. Often these systems are designed in accordance with instructional design models that progress the learner efficiently through the problem-solving process. However, theories from various fields have discussed failure as a strategic way to engender learning. Although researchers suggest that failure may be an element of problem-solving, no models have discussed how to employ failure strategically within instructional design. Given this gap, we first present failure-based research from various theoretical frameworks. Based on the research, we proffer failure-based principles for learning systems design. Implications and future research are also discussed.
Cultural Dance: An Opportunity To Encourage Physical Activity and Health in Communities.

Scientific evidence supporting the numerous physical, psychological, andsocial benefits ofdance, specifically European/Western dance (ballet, jazz, modern), aerobic dance, anddance/movement therapy...
Lessons on social and health disparities from older lesbians with alcoholism and the role of interventions to promote culturally competent services

ABSTRACTOlder adults who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) face greater health risks and possibly more costly care because of their reluctance to seek out health and long-term care services because of limited cultural sensitivity of service providers. This is particularly evident in older lesbians who face substantial risk of health problems associated with alcoholism and are less likely to be open with health care providers because of stigma combined with feelings of alienation, stress, and depression. An estimated 4.4 million older adults are predicted to have problems with alcohol by 2020, and the rates of alcohol-related hospitalizations are similar to those for heart attacks, creating exorbitant medical costs. More culturally competent health and long-term care may reduce health care costs by effectively addressing the dynamics of alcoholism, aging, and lesbian culture. Training initiatives such as those developed by the National Resource Center on LGBT Aging have begun to address the...
The Interplay of Host Immunity, Environment and the Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Reproductive Health Outcomes

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common causes of vaginal symptoms in US women, but its causal mechanism has not yet been defined. BV is more prevalent in women who are immunosuppressed, and several risk factors for the development of BV are associated with lower quantities of immune mediators in vaginal fluid. In contrast, the poor reproductive health outcomes associated with BV, such as preterm birth and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 acquisition, are associated with increased levels of proinflammatory immune mediators in the genital tract. In this article, we discuss how variations in the host immune profile and environmental effects on host immunity may influence the risk of BV, as well as the risk of complications associated with BV.
Contemporary Problems in International Arbitration edited by Julian Lew Dr.

Contemporary Problems in International Arbitration edited by Julian Lew Dr.. Published by the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary College, University of London (1986 xlv and 380 pp., incl. index and tables) Hardback . £40 Contemporary Problems in International Arbitration memorializes the proceedings of the inaugural conference of the Queen Mary School of International Arbitration. Not an ordinary collection of conference presentations, the volume speaks eloquently for the academic inspiration that underlies the creation of a specialized curriculum in arbitration law. It presents lucid and stimulating analyses of a number of major topics in arbitration. The quality and breadth of the work make it necessary reading for all members of the legal community interested in arbitration and international dispute resolution. The book is divided into four major Parts. Part 1 describes the School of International Arbitration – its purpose and goals. This introductory Part establishes the basic tenor and significance of the subsequent contributions. Despite its brevity, Part I has a visionary quality; it emphasizes the need to align instruction in law with the emerging reality of global legal practice. The next three Parts constitute the substantive segment of the work properly speaking. They address major aspects of arbitration law: jurisdiction, procedure, and the impact of arbitration upon sovereign participation in international commerce. There are thirty-three chapters in the volume. Each of the three substantive Parts consists of approximately ten chapters; the chapters are of comparable length (roughly 7 to 12 pages). The chapters are well-ordered and evenly balanced in terms of treatment and approach – academic and practical pieces complement one another. The list of contributors constitutes a veritable ‘Who's Who’ of the the international arbitration community; it includes such luminaries as Lawrence Collins, Georges Delaume, Berthold Goldman, Pierre Lalive, Pieter Sanders, Clive Schmitthoff, and Kenneth Simmonds. In the main, the chapters focus upon arbitration law as developed and practiced in countries of the advanced world. Only limited consideration is given to the developing world's appraisal of arbitration. Despite this limitation of scope, most …
Cutaneous infections in blacks.

This article describes some of the more common cutaneous infections seen in black patients. Some are nearly unique to blacks, and others are infectious in origin and common to blacks because of geographic, environmental, or socioeconomic factors.
Monitoring personal exposures to environmental air pollutants

The fields of environmental epidemiology and analytical chemistry should work more closely together and with careful planning, could result in the two discrete disciplines complementing each other in a most positive way. Some of the methods for sampling air and its subsequent analysis have been described and analytical measurements have been compared with subjective assessments. Some real world exposure values for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke in Hong Kong and Beijing have been contrasted with those for Barcelona in Europe. Time weighted average concentrations were discussed and cumulative frequency distributions compared between cities.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Stroke

In normal circumstances, the coagulation system is balanced between maintaining the flow of blood in the vessels and stemming any leaks from disruptions in vessel integrity. However, many factors can upset that balance and result in thrombosis. Activation of blood coagulation with thrombosis is an obligatory event in almost all ischemic strokes. The formation of a thrombus most often ensues from the sudden and pathologic activation of the hemostasis that may be found with endothelial injury within an atherosclerotic precerebral artery or within the heart. Whereas many well-defined defects in hemostasis are associated with hemorrhagic stroke, most coagulation disorders that favor ischemic stroke remain less well characterized. A predisposition to thrombotic events is often called a "hypercoagulable state" by clinicians, but a better term when thrombosis is favored is prothrombotic state , which may involve activated blood coagulation, increased platelet reactivity, or impaired fibrinolysis.
One Sadness After Another and Another

Compares experiences of Tenderloin youth and students. Discusses social context. Describes the tragic deaths of young Tenderloin people and students who have been involved in Tenderloin U events. Explores the changing nature of university student populations and the sense that students are coming from more challenging backgrounds. Society has opened university doors to students previously denied access, presenting a more complex student body. The story of a student, killed in what was deemed to be a home invasion robbery, but may have been a murder by a violent drug dealer, is discussed. Robert Merton’s “Social Structure and Anomie” theory is related to his death. There is a fine line between the Tenderloin youth and students in Tenderloin U, if there is one at all.
Communicating Popular Science: From Deficit to Democracy, by Sarah Tinker Perrault

There is little rhetorical inquiry that does not grapple, in one way or another, with tensions between the need for healthy, beneficial encounters with authority and concern for the monolithic and ...
Very fast frequent itemset mining: Simplicial complex methods (Extended abstract)

Based on the concept of isomorphism of relations, a relation is turned into a simplicial complex, which is a combinatorial representation of a polyhedron. So frequent itemsets mining is transform turned into geometric traversal problem. By leveraging on geometric structure of simplicial complex, a very fast algorithm for traversal is found; it is based on a geometric concept, called sub-cone construction. It is not only very fast but also use much less memory than existing methods. For a real world medical database of 1257 columns with 65K rows, the new algorithm takes only 5 seconds to find all frequent itemsets, while FP-growth takes approximately 1000 seconds; so simplicial complex method is about 200 times faster. Moreover the memory usage is substantially less; see the data.
Corneal ectasia in a boy with homozygous KERA mutation.

Biallelic mutations in KERA cause cornea plana, a pathognomonic phenotype characterized by corneal flattening, indistinct limbus, subepithelial corneal opacities, and high hyperopia often with resu...
Diagnostic yield of computed tomography angiography and cerebral angiography in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (P2.277)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in the early phase. Background: Invasive and noninvasive angiography is a relatively common procedure performed in patients with sICH. However, it is unclear whether the diagnostic yield for vascular lesions is worth the risk of exposure to contrast dye and radiation. Design/Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in 181 consecutive patients with sICH from January 2010 to December 2015. Patients with known underlying lesions were excluded. We included patients who underwent CTA and/or DSA performed in the acute phase of the hemorrhage. Results of these modalities were used to determine diagnostic yield. Results: From the 181 patients, 45 patients underwent CTA (45/181, 24.8%) and 2 patients DSA (2/181, 1.1%). From the 47 patients who underwent CTA and/or DSA, vascular lesions were identified in 9 patients (9/47, 19%). The mean age was 47 years old (standard deviation [SD] 23.3, range 21–82). None had history of hypertension. Locations were lobar in 5 and basal ganglia in 1. The lesion was incidental in 3 patients (3/47, 6.4%), while in 6 (6/47, 12.8%) the lesions were responsible for the hemorrhage. From the 6 symptomatic lesions, 4 patients had an arteriovenous malformation (3 patients were diagnosed with CTA and 1 patient with DSA) and 2 patients had an arteriovenous malformation with an aneurysm (1 patient diagnosed with CTA and another with DSA). The incidental lesions were aneurysms and in all of them the diagnosis was made with CTA. Conclusions: Although the diagnostic yield of early CTA and/or DSA in spontaneous ICH was relatively low, it should be considered in younger patients with lobar hemorrhage and no history of hypertension. Study Supported by: none Disclosure: Dr. Santillan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Slusher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agarwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fanty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aachi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Topel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Birnbaum has received research support from National Institutes of Health. Dr. Palacio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Misra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Behrouz has nothing to disclose.
Applications and Examples

Leap and Kaplan (1988) and Hall et al. (1991) presented a type of push-pull test for determining regional groundwater velocity and effective porosity if the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and local the hydraulic gradient are known. The hydraulic conductivity could be determined by a pumping test conducted in the same well at the same time as the push-pull tracer test described here; the hydraulic gradient could be determined from water level measurements in a set of nearby wells surrounding and including the push-pull test well. The procedure involves injecting a constant-concentration test solution containing a nonreactive tracer into the aquifer using a single well, allowing the test solution to drift downgradient with the regional groundwater flow, and then extracting the tracer solution/groundwater mixture from the same well by continuous pumping to determine the temporal displacement of the tracer center of mass. The basic equations (using the notation of Hall et al. 1991) are: $$ {\hbox{q}} = \frac{\text{Qt}}{{{{\pi b}}{{\hbox{d}}^{{2}}}{\hbox{KI}}}} $$ $$ {\hbox{n}} = \frac{{\pi {\text{b}}{{\text{K}}^{{2}}}{{\text{I}}^{{2}}}{{\text{d}}^{{2}}}}}{\hbox{Qt}} $$ where q is the apparent groundwater (Darcy) velocity, n is effective porosity, Q is the extraction pumping rate, t is the time elapsed from the start of extraction pumping until the centroid of the tracer mass has been extracted, b is the aquifer saturated thickness, d is the elapsed time from the end of tracer injection until the centroid of the tracer mass is extracted (drift time + t), K is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and I is the local hydraulic gradient. Obviously, uncertainties in computed values of q and n will reflect uncertainties in values of K and I.
Crisis Text Line use following the release of Netflix series 13 Reasons Why Season 1: Time-series analysis of help-seeking behavior in youth.

Abstract The availability of near real-time data from Crisis Text Line (CTL) and other technology-based platforms on crisis events provides an opportunity for targeted interventions prior to serious mental health outcomes (e.g., suicide, self-harm). This study examined the association between the release of the popular Netflix series 13 Reasons Why (13RW) and CTL usage in a national sample of youth in the US. We implemented interrupted time-series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling to examine this association at a daily scale. We observed a significant but momentary rise in CTL conversation volume following the release of 13RW on April 5 and 6, 2017 followed by a significant reduction (12.7%) in conversation volume for the overall study period. This reduction in call volume was sustained for 49 days and is the most sustained reduction in conversation volume in the 365 day dataset. This unexpected trough in conversation volume is concerning in light of elevated search engine volume for terms indicating an increase in suicidal thoughts in the days following the release of the show (Ayers et al., 2017). CTL was featured by the show as a resource for viewers in the recently released Season 2, and our results highlight the reasoning and need for such promotion. Future work should explore whether the promotion of CTL in Season 2 positively impacted conversation volume, as there is a clear need to harness the power of these digital technologies to detect population-based trends in mental health and expand the reach of life saving services.
Cellulose nanocrystals support material for 3D printing complexly shaped structures via multi-materials-multi-methods printing

Abstract To fabricate highly complex structures, sacrificial support material is usually needed. However, traditional petroleum-based support materials are un-sustainable, non-recyclable, and difficult to be completely removed from the target structure after 3D processing. Instead, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) gel could serves as an interesting 3D printing support material due to its sustainability, renewability, and potential recyclability. Since CNCs are highly dispersible in water as nanoparticles and are also not UV sensitive, it has less absorption or bondability with other UV curable polymer matrices. This allows them to be completely washed out by water, which offers a green and efficient method to remove the CNC support material during post processing. In addition, with increasing needs for more intricate structures, combining different 3D printing strategies into a hybrid 3D printing platform can be highly beneficial. In this work, a multi-materials-multi-methods (M4) printer with dual direct-ink-write (DIW) and DIW-inkjet printing capability was used to fabricate various complex structures while using CNC as support material. After 3D printing, water was used to remove the CNC support structure. Even in a highly confined environment, such as the inside of a balloon structure, CNC support material was still easily removed. The potential of using sustainable CNC support material and M4 hybrid 3D printing strategies to fabricate different complex structures was demonstrated. Since CNC gel is derived from forestry products and is entirely water based, the 3D printing process was also made more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and potentially recyclable.
Report of the ALCTS Scholarly Communications Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, June 2018

The ALCTS Scholarly Communications Interest Group invited three speakers to discuss their institutions’ approaches to collecting open access content in a session titled, “Curating Open Access Conte...
Return-to-Play after Concussion in American versus European Professional Soccer Players: A Comparative Short-Term Analysis of Performance and Longevity:

Objectives:Many studies have focused on the long-term impact of concussions in professional sports, but few have investigated short-term effects. This study examines concussion effects on individua...
A 205 GHz Serial Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS/SS) Radar System-on-Chip in 28nm CMOS

We present a 205 GHz serial direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) radar that employs time-domain digital correlation instead of frequency chirps or pulses to estimate a radar signal’s time of flight. DS/SS radars offer much simpler range demodulation compared with FMCW or pulse compression radars, while still delivering excellent ranging performance. The demonstrated system offers 4.5 GHz of spread spectrum bandwidth leading to a range resolution of 3.3 cm. The radar is implemented in 28nm CMOS technology and consumes 614 mW.
Effectiveness and Safety of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Treatment of AFib with a factor Xa inhibitor results in a decrease in the combined end point of stroke and embolic events (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.97), as well as a decrease in intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.59) and all-cause mortality (OR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95) compared with warfarin (Coumadin) therapy.
Sensitive Method for the Confident Identification of Genetically Variant Peptides in Human Hair Keratin

Recent reports have demonstrated that genetically variant peptides derived from human hair shaft proteins can be used to differentiate individuals of different biogeographic origins. We report a method involving direct extraction of hair shaft proteins more sensitive than previously published methods regarding GVP detection. It involves one step for protein extraction and was found to provide reproducible results. A detailed proteomic analysis of this data is presented that led to the following four results: (i) A peptide spectral library was created and made available for download. It contains all identified peptides from this work, including GVPs that, when appropriately expanded with diverse hair-derived peptides, can provide a routine, reliable, and sensitive means of analyzing hair digests; (ii) an analysis of artifact peptides arising from side reactions is also made using a new method for finding unexpected modifications; (iii) detailed analysis of the gel-based method employed clearly shows the high degree of cross-linking or protein association involved in hair digestion, with major GVPs eluting over a wide range of high molecular weights while others apparently arise from distinct non-cross-linked proteins; and (v) finally, we show that some of the specific GVP identifications depend on the sample preparation method.
The Mediating Role of Interpretation Bias on the Relationship Between Trait Gratitude and Depressive Symptoms

High levels of trait gratitude are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, but the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been extensively studied. One potential explanation for this relationship is that individuals with higher levels of trait gratitude may have a more positive cognitive style, such that they interpret, attend to, and remember events in a more positive rather than negative manner. This study aimed to explore whether one aspect of a positive cognitive style, a positive interpretation bias, is a mediator in the relationship between trait gratitude and depressive symptoms. During a single visit to the lab, we asked eighty-eight individuals (41 females) to complete a measure of trait gratitude (the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test [GRAT]), two measures of interpretation bias (the Sentence Completion Test for Depression [SCD], and the Ambiguous Scenarios Test for Depression [ASTD]), and a measure of depressive symptoms (the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II]). The results of the mediation analyses indicated that a positive interpretation bias partially explained the relationship between trait gratitude and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that trait gratitude may reduce depressive symptoms in part through its effects on positive thinking patterns. Future longitudinal studies will be needed to elucidate the causal relationship between these variables in greater detail.
Repurposing drugs for treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus: a view to a kill

Background The current treatment regimens recommended for Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus (Mab) pulmonary disease are not effective. We identified 16 drugs with potential to build new regimens, translating to 560 possible three-drug combination regimens. Objectives To determine MICs and efficacy of drugs from different antibiotic classes for treatment against Mab, in order to winnow down the potential drugs for combination therapy to tractable numbers, for future use in hollow-fibre studies. Methods The MICs of levofloxacin, minocycline, meropenem, imipenem, tedizolid, bedaquiline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, amikacin, vancomycin, delafloxacin, tebipenem/avibactam and omadacycline were determined for 20 Mab isolates. In addition, concentration-response studies with tedizolid, bedaquiline, clarithromycin, amikacin, tebipenem/avibactam, cefdinir, faropenem, omadacycline and daunorubicin were performed and data were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. Efficacy was defined as maximal kill, expressed as cfu/mL kill below day 0 burden. Results The lowest MICs among the 13 antibiotics were of bedaquiline, tebipenem/avibactam and omadacycline. The antibiotics that killed Mab below the day 0 burden were the anticancer agent daunorubicin (3.36 log10 cfu/mL), cefdinir (1.85 log10 cfu/mL), faropenem (2.48 log10 cfu/mL) and tebipenem/avibactam (1.71 log10 cfu/mL kill). The EC50 values of these drugs were 11.67, 9.52, 48.2 and 0.33 mg/L, respectively, below peak concentrations of these drugs. Conclusions The low MICs and efficacy at clinically achievable concentrations mean that tebipenem/avibactam, daunorubicin, omadacycline and bedaquiline give a view of components of a three-drug regimen likely to effectively kill Mab. We propose pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies to identify such a regimen and the doses to be combined.
CCAMP: OpenMP and OpenACC Interoperable Framework

Heterogeneous systems have become a staple of the HPC environment. Several directive-based solutions, such as OpenMP and OpenACC, have been developed to alleviate the challenges of programming heterogeneous systems, and these standards strive to provide a single portable programming solution across heterogeneous environments. However, in many ways this goal has yet to be realized due to device-specific implementations and different levels of language support across compilers. In this framework we aim to analyze and address the different levels of optimization and compatibility between OpenACC and OpenMP programs and device compilers. We introduce the CCAMP framework, built on the OpenARC compiler, which implements language translation between OpenACC and OpenMP, with the goal of exploiting the maturity of different device-specific compilers to maximize performance for a given architecture. We show that CCAMP allows us to generate code for a specific device-compiler combination given a device-agnostic OpenMP or OpenACC program, allowing compilation and execution of programs with specific directives on otherwise incompatible devices. CCAMP also provides a starting point for a more advanced interoperable framework that can effectively provide directive translation and device, compiler, and application specific optimizations.
Incorporating indirect pathways in body size–trophic position relationships

Body size, trophic position (TP), and trophic niche width are important elements of food webs; however, there is still debate regarding their interrelationships. Most studies have tested these correlations using datasets restricted to carnivores and bivariate models that disregard potential indirect effects of other factors, their interactions, and phylogeny. We analyzed relationships among TP, consumer size, maximum food item size, food item size variation (a proxy for trophic niche width), and two other traits (gut length and mouth width) using confirmatory path analysis of an extensive dataset for freshwater fishes that encompass both carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. Consumer size was associated with maximum food size, food size variation, mouth width, and gut length, all of which mediated indirect relationships between body size and TP. Mouth gape was associated with maximum food size, and consumers that fed on larger food items had higher TP. Consumers with relatively long guts generally fed on small and homogeneous food items near the base of the food web. Models were consistent whether or not accounting for phylogeny, but varied according to trophic guilds. However, the body size of both carnivorous and non-carnivorous was not directly associated with TP. Therefore, the incorporation of functional traits and their intermediate pathways is critical for understanding size-based trophic relationships of animals that encompass diverse feeding strategies. Our results caution approaches that rely on body size as a surrogate for TP, especially in systems where plants and detritus are consumed directly by a significant number of animals, such as in most freshwater ecosystems.
Effects of stocking rate on performance of beef steers grazing Nelson annual ryegrass in the deep South

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to study the effect of stocking rate on animal performance and the performance of Nelson annual ryegrass. Materials and Methods In 3 consecutive years, steers were continuously stocked under 4 different stocking rates. Cattle were weighed and ryegrass samples were obtained fortnightly. Forage mass, nutritive value, grazing days, ADG, production per area, DMI, and forage allowance were determined. Mixed models were used to determine the effect of treatment and year, and regression analyses were conducted for forage data. Results and Discussion Increases in stocking rate decreased (P Implications and Applications Differences in animal production and nutritive value of annual ryegrass due to increasing stocking rates were obtained, and year was an important factor influencing the final data. The experimental evaluation of stocking rates, as with other grazing management techniques, is very dependent on weather and production site.
Tissue-specific modification of cellular bioelectrical activities using the chemogenetic tool, DREADD, in zebrafish

Cellular electronic activity plays an essential role in neuronal communication. Manipulation and visualization of cellular membrane potential remain essential tasks in order to study electrical signaling in living organisms. Light-controlled optogenetic and designed chemical-controlled chemogenetic tools were developed to manipulate cellular electric activities for neuroscience research. One of the most common chemogenetic tools is DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). It has been extensively utilized due to its convenience and long-lasting effects in murine and primate models, but not in zebrafish, a leading model organism in various research fields. Here, we first establish multiple tissue-specific transgenic zebrafish lines that express two different DREADDs with a genetically encoded voltage indicator, ASAP2s. We observed voltage changes in zebrafish melanophores, epidermis, and neurons by hM4DGi or rM3DGs receptors measured by ASAP2s fluorescence intensity. Alteration to melanophore bioelectricity by DREADD generated dynamic electric signals and resulted in morphological alterations to pigment cells. We also tested a few agonists and found that the latest generation performs better than clozapine N-oxide (CNO). Collectively, our experiments demonstrate that DREADD can be utilized to manipulate cell-specific membrane potential in the zebrafish model. The availability of this tool in zebrafish will offer a new resource for a variety of bioelectricity research fields such as neuroscience, cardiology, and developmental biology.
Juice chemical properties of 24 sorghum cultivars under varying levels of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) infestation

Sugarcane aphids [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] have become a significant pest of grain, forage, and sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the USA in recent years. However, the effects of sugarcane aphid damage on sweet sorghum juice quality have not been well studied. A three-year (2015–2017) field study was conducted at Tifton, GA to assess planting date effects (April, May, or June planting) and cultivar responses (24 cultivars) to sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Aphid damage ratings were measured in all three years and cumulative aphid days were measured in 2016 and 2017. Cumulative aphid days (ln scale) and damage ratings (relative marginal effect) were correlated in five of the six plantings. Stem juice was collected at maturity from seven plantings for chemical analyses, which included HPLC, fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (EEM/PARAFAC), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aphid damage ratings and cumulative aphid days were negatively correlated with sugar-related traits, particularly brix and total sugars. In four plantings, significant negative correlations (r ≤ −0.493) between trans-aconitic acid concentration and aphid damage were observed. Fluorescence and electrochemical properties related to the presence of polyphenols also showed correlations with aphid damage, particularly in the resistant landrace No. 5 Gambela. These secondary metabolites may play a role in sugarcane aphid resistance or tolerance. Stability analysis revealed that the more tolerant cultivars were able to maintain high concentrations of total sugars and trans-aconitic acid across environments.
Applications to Planar Elasticity

In most physical applications, quantities of interest are governed by a system of partial differential equations, not just a single equation. So far, we have only considered single equations (for a scalar quantity), although much of the theory relates directly to systems. We consider one such system coming from solid mechanics in this chapter.
Aloisea Inyumba: Mother of New Rwanda

Aloisea Inyumba, a Senator in the Parliament of Rwanda, played a critical role in the post-genocide era in the formation of a new Rwanda. In her capacity as Minister of Family, Gender, and Social Affairs, Commissioner and Executive Secretary of the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, and Governor of Kigali province, she organized and supervised national dialogues to promote reconciliation between Hutu and Tutsi in post-genocide Rwanda. Using the concept of Mothers, this essay examines her work in the context of her role as Public Mother and mother of the nation.
Modeling Torque Converter Clutch Viscous Damper Performance

A viscous damper is used as part of the automatic transaxle torque converter in some new passenger cars for improved driveability and fuel economy. A viscous silicone fluid is a critical component of the damper. Fluid viscosity-shear rate characteristics were determined in the laboratory for temperatures of 25 to 150 deg C at shear rates from 400 to over 6000 reciprocal seconds. Using these data, and the dimensions of the viscous damper, a mathematical model was developed which predicts viscous damper output torque. Correlation between model predictions and actual measured torques from dynamometer tests was excellent. As a result, the mathematical model is useful for predicting viscous damper performance from measured fluid viscosity-shear rate characteristics. Also, since the model includes the critical viscous damper dimensions, it can be used for determining effects of damper design modifications on damper performance.
Tandem mass spectrometry database searching

Associated with the emergence of mass spectrometry–based proteomics analysis, a host of novel algorithms for tandem mass spectrometry database searching have been published. These tools apply a breadth of computational and statistical approaches to solving the problem of identifying peptides based on interpreting tandem mass spectra with the constraint of sequences present in publicly available protein, transcript, and genomic sequence database repositories. With increasing data volumes due to continuous advances in instrumentation, the need for tools that perform automated peptide identifications and validation of those identifications will be magnified. An overview of database search and postsearch validation tools is summarized. Keywords: database searching; peptide fingerprinting; tandem mass spectrometry; proteomics; bioinformatics
GPS-based precise tracking of Earth satellites from very low to geosynchronous orbits

Various GPS (Global Positioning System)-based tracking strategies for Earth orbiting satellites are reviewed. Three different categories of user satellites are studied: low circular orbits with altitudes between a few hundred and a few thousand kilometers, highly elliptical orbits with perigees as low as a few hundred and apogees as high as tens of thousands of kilometers, and high circular orbits up to the geosynchronous altitude. Results of covariance analyses which assess the orbit determination performance in all three categories are presented. Low circular orbits can be determined to subdecimeter or even a few-centimeters accuracy using up-looking differential GPS. Highly elliptical orbits, because of wide altitude range, require both up-looking and down-looking observing scenarios for optimum tracking. Among high circular orbits, geosynchronous satellites present the most difficult tracking challenge: the information content of ground-based observations is weak due to lack of temporal change in geometry; and the users are well beyond the GPS altitude and can hardly receive GPS signals. Inverted differential GPS, which requires the user to transmit signal ground GPS receivers can observe, appears ideal for tracking geosynchronous satellites. >
The Sexual Identities of Moll Cutpurse in Dekker and Middleton’s The Roaring Girl and in London

Moll Cutpurse dramatically demonstrates the insufficiency of gender categories both in The Roaring Girl and in her life. The fictional Moll’s sex/gender ambiguity is explored through three distinct sexual identities (prostitute, hermaphrodite, bisexual ideal) and is further complicated through her heroic personation. Ultimately, the playwrights replace negative social readings of Moll’s sexuality with a positive ideal, albeit an incomplete one. When the real Moll appeared on stage, she not only usurped the male actor’s prerogative, she also rejected her fictional rehabilitation. Through her overtly sexual language, her cross-gendered performance, and her transvestite costume, she recuperated transgression as social signifier.
Robotic presacral neurectomy - technique and results.

Background The feasibility, safety and outcomes of robotic presacral neurectomy were evaluated. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 33 patients with midline chronic pelvic pain, who underwent robotic presacral neurectomy. Data were collected during the period March 2004–March 2010. Results All patients underwent robotic presacral neurectomy and additional robotic procedures. Mean operating time for robotic presacral neurectomy was 5.8 (range 4.4–6.9) min. Mean blood loss, including concomitant procedures, was 39 (range 15–150) ml. Most patients were discharged the same day (60%) and mean hospital stay was 0.39 (range 0–2) days. There were no conversions or intra-operative complications. There were two postoperative complications: one pelvic abscess and one Clostridium difficile colitis. Pain improvement was reported by 73% (22/30) of patients. Conclusion Robotic presacral neurectomy is safe and feasible, resulting in improvement of pelvic pain in selected patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edge delamination of residually stressed thin films: viscoelastic effects

The theory of interfacial delamination governed by the critical energy release rate criterion is used to predict the initiation of crack growth in thin polyimide films bonded to elastic substrates. The elastic solution for thin films is extended to the viscoelastic case using a correspondence principle valid to the point of initiation of crack growth. A tentative model for decohesion under moisture cycling is proposed to model delayed failure due to exposure to ambient humidity. The effects of relevant parameters such as film thickness and relative humidity are shown for a PMDA/ODA polyimide film bonded to glass.
GROWTH OF EXCISED PINE EMBRYOS AND THE ROLE OF THE COTYLEDONS DURING GERMINATION IN VITRO

A B S TR A C T A study was made of the role of the cotyledons, embryo orienitationi, surgic al treatment, darkness, light, and autoclaved coconut milk on the growth of Pinus lanbertiana Dougl. embryos in vitro. The embryos did not require an haustorial function of the cotyledons in vitro. Itemoval of the shoot meristem drastically altered the developmental physiology of the embryo and the function of the root meristem was severly inhibited. Positional effects on embryo growth were reversed by darkness. In the light vertical-inverted tube cultures displayed better growth thall horizontal-inverted tube cultures, whereas in the dark the horizontal-inver ted tube cultures display\ed better g'ow0R-th than the vertical-inverted tube cultures. Autoclaved coconut milk had no statistically demonstrable effect on embryo growth as measureid by the analysis of variance and Student-NewA-man-Keul's range test; however, the graphical analysis suggests that, in conjunction with the presence of the shoot meristem, there may be a slight beneficial response to autoclaved coconut milk.
What counts as empirical research in bioethics and where do we find the stuff

Alexander Kon's (2009) target article on empirical research in bioethics is among the most sensible published on the subject matter. However, a deep irony goes unnoticed in his article: the more us...
Annual carrying charges

IT IS ADMITTEDLY difficult to anticipate future variations in some of the factors involved in economic studies, such as taxes and probable life, just as it is difficult for the transmission-line designer to anticipate future loads and power factors. But in neither problem is the correct arithmetic a matter of personal judgement; the arithmetic of economic comparisons is as rigorous and clear-cut as Ohm's Law. This article deals with the appropriate treatment of return on the investment, depreciation, taxes, and insurance.
Energy conservation and dust production in wet rotary cement kilns

Abstract Energy conservation is currently a major concern of the cement industry. A comparison of data supplied by the U.S. Federal Energy Administration with that gathered in an extensive private study incorporating 29 wet cement plants indicates that a significant reduction of the energy consumed can be accomplished by decreasing the amount of dust generated in the process. Energy saving of 8 percent through dust suppression appears possible by increasing the slurry moisture and by using hammermills rather than impactors as the crushing technique.