cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of stenting with or without balloon predilation for the treatment of coronary artery disease.

Abstract Background Stent placement has historically been preceded by predilation of the target lesion with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Direct stent implantation, without predilation, has the potential to have a favorable impact on procedure cost by reducing the number of devices used, contrast administered, and procedure time. Methods and Results We conducted a prospective randomized trial to compare the economic outcome of stenting with or without predilation. Inclusion criteria included intention to treat a single lesion with a coronary stent in a vessel with a reference diameter >2.4 mm. Exclusion criteria included total occlusions, culprit lesion within a saphenous vein graft, lesion length >25 mm, patients within 48 hours of an acute myocardial infarction, and patients unable to be treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. From September 1999 to March 2000, 77 patients were randomized to direct stent implantation (n = 37) or balloon-facilitated stenting (n = 40). Stent placement was successful in all patients. Crossover to predilation was required in 2 patients in the direct stent group because of inability to deliver the stent. Compared with balloon-facilitated stenting, direct stenting used fewer catheter devices (1.4 ± 0.7 vs 2.5 ± 0.8, P P =.04), and less fluoroscopy time (7.5 ± 3.9 minutes vs 11.6 ± 8.3 minutes, P =.006). No difference in procedural complications or predischarge outcome was found. No difference in major adverse cardiovascular events was found at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion Direct stenting is a safe and successful procedure that reduces the number of devices used, fluoroscopy time, and contrast administration. (Am Heart J 2001;142:e9.)
Mucormycosis Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery

Purpose: To describe a rare case of Mucor endophthalmitis that occurred in well-controlled diabetes after cataract surgery. Design: Interventional case report. Methods: Description of case and review of literature. Results/Conclusion: Mucor endophthalmitis may occur after cataract surgery and should be considered in the differential for patients with unresolving postoperative uveitis.
Optogenetic inhibition of neurons by internal light production

Optogenetics is an extremely powerful tool for selective neuronal activation/inhibition and dissection of neural circuits. However, a limitation of in vivo optogenetics is that an animal must be tethered to an optical fiber for delivery of light. Here, we describe a new method for in vivo, optogenetic inhibition of neural activity using an internal, animal-generated light source based on firefly luciferase. Two adeno-associated viruses encoding luciferase were tested and both produced concentration-dependent light after administration of the substrate, luciferin. Mice were co-infected with halorhodopsin- and luciferase-expressing viruses in the striatum, and luciferin administration significantly reduced Fos activity compared to control animals infected with halorhodopsin only. Recordings of neuronal activity in behaving animals confirmed that firing was greatly reduced after luciferin administration. Finally, amphetamine-induced locomotor activity was reduced in halorhodopsin/luciferase mice pre-injected with luciferin compared to controls. This demonstrates that virally encoded luciferase is able to generate sufficient light to activate halorhodopsin and suppress neural activity and change behavior. This approach could be used to generate inhibition in response to activation of specific molecular pathways.
Network intrusion detection: dead or alive?

Research on network intrusion detection has produced a number of interesting results. In this paper, I look back to the NetSTAT system, which was presented at ACSAC in 1998. In addition to describing the original system, I discuss some historical context, with reference to well-known evaluation efforts and to the evolution of network intrusion detection into a broader field that includes malware detection and the analysis of malicious behavior.
Fistula-in-ano: do antibiotics make a difference?

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that antibiotics in conjunction with drainage of anorectal abscesses will reduce the incidence of fistulae formation. The impact of age and associated comorbidity on the formation of fistulae were also evaluated.
Distribution, abundance and benthic-pelagic coupling of suspended hydroids on Georges Bank

Abstract Clytia spp. hydroids (Phylum Cnidaria), typically attached to a substrate during their asexual, polyp stage, have been found in significant numbers within the mesozooplankton on Georges Bank, North Atlantic Ocean. We examined unpublished historical records of the 1939–1941 cruises of the R/V Atlantis and obtained samples at four-study sites on Georges Bank in June/July 1995 in an attempt to (1) quantify the planktonic and benthic distributions of hydroids on Georges Bank, and (2) determine the coupling between benthic and pelagic habitats of this population. We found that planktonic hydroids have a patchy distribution, varying both spatially and temporally (most abundant in summer months, absent in winter). In 1939–1941 the planktonic hydroids were most broadly distributed following a spring (1940) with strong wind events; hydroids were absent from all samples in 1941. In 1995 we found the highest abundance of planktonic Clytia spp. hydroids (6213.5±1343.6 hydranths m−3) in the central crest of the bank, “downstream” in the Georges Bank circulation pattern from sites along the northeast peak of the Bank where large populations of benthic Clytia spp. hydroids were found (up to 6465 hydranths m−2). Our plankton sampling did not show significant numbers of hydroids in the water column at the Northeast peak sites, indicating that large numbers of planktonic hydroids are not being introduced into the Bank's circulation patterns from off-Bank sites to the northeast (e.g. Scotian shelf). The source population for planktonic hydroids found in the central region of the Bank is most likely the benthic habitats on the northeast peak of the Bank. We hypothesize, and our limited data suggest, that hydroids are detached from the benthos by storm action or other disturbance, advected clockwise with the mean residual circulation, and concentrated and retained in the central, low-advective region of the Bank.
Biblical Motifs in All The King's Men

ROBERT PENN WARREN has an unusual way of enriching his novels and poems by making frequent references to biblical passages and situations. Is Warren's use of the Bible simply decorative or do such uses involve a truly functional enrichment of his art? Using his novel All The King's Men' as a representative work, I shall try to show how he invites his readers to notice this artistic method. In so doing, Warren brings into sharp focus both his characters and his thematic problems of the nature of man, the nature of sin, and the nature of truth in a way that honors certain answers to these questions as he finds them considered in the Bible.
Utility of the proportional-hazards model for survival analysis of psychiatric data.

Abstract Since the publication of Cox's [1] paper on the topic of regression models and life tables, there has been a tremendous advancement in the statistical techniques available for the analysis of survival data. Undoubtedly, there is a widespread realization that these methods are applicable to clinical-trial data, and in general to data from experimental investigations. Recently, various workers have considered the statistical aspects of utilizing the proportional-hazards (PH) model in epidemiological investigations as well. In the present paper the PH model is applied, for expository purposes, to a set of survival data gathered in a follow-up study in psychiatry. The goals in this paper are to illustrate the application of the PH-model methodology to a follow-up study, and to discuss some unconventional aspects of the statistical methodology of the PH model especially appropriate for epidemiological studies. Salient aspects of the PH-model theory and associated statistical inferences are also briefly reviewed.
Defining and Targeting Health Care Access Barriers

The impact of social and economic determinants of health status and the existence of racial and ethnic health care access disparities have been well-documented. This paper describes a model, the Health Care Access Barriers Model (HCAB), which provides a taxonomy and practical framework for the classification, analysis and reporting of those modifiable health care access barriers that are associated with health care disparities. The model describes three categories of modifiable health care access barriers: financial, structural, and cognitive. The three types of barriers are reciprocally reinforcing and affect health care access individually or in concert. These barriers are associated with screening, late presentation to care, and lack of treatment, which in turn result in poor health outcomes and health disparities. By targeting those barriers that are measurable and modifiable the model facilitates root-cause analysis and intervention design.
Twin deficits during the 1980s: An empirical investigation☆

Abstract This study uses multivariate time series analysis to examine the linkages between federal budget deficits and merchandise trade deficits. Using a vectorautoregressive model, support is found for the notion that budget deficits influence trade deficits indirectly rather than directly. Evidence is obtained through causality testing and impulse response functions that the “twin deficits” are connected through the transmission mechanisms of interest rates and exchange rates. The model indicates that reducing the size of the budget deficit may prove to be at least as effective as exchange rate intervention for the purpose of reducing the size of the merchandise trade deficit.
Olfactory acuity as a function of age and gender: a comparison of African and American samples.

A frequently reported finding in age-related sensory impairment is that olfaction shows consistent and uniform decline with age. In most studies, discerning whether loss in olfaction is due to aging per se or to factors extrinsic to the aging process (e.g., smoking, chemical exposure, head injury) is difficult. Moreover, studies of olfaction have generally relied on data collected from samples drawn primarily from Western societies. As such, little is known regarding differences in olfaction involving non-Western cultures. Using international data from the 1986 National Geographic Smell Survey, responses of 19,219 American respondents and 3,204 respondents from Africa were analyzed. All respondents were screened for factors negatively affecting olfaction. Measures of olfactory acuity included odor detection, identification, intensity, and quality. The odor of interest was androstenone, a scent produced by bacteria on the human body and appearing in sweat. The results indicate that some measures of olfactory acuity tend to decline across age groups, but that this decline is less marked than reported in previous studies. The most important finding is that loss of olfaction is not consistent or uniform between geographic regions of America or Africa, between male vs. female respondents, or among the four measures of olfactory acuity. African respondents (both men and women) had significantly higher percentages of detection than did American respondents, women generally reported higher levels of olfactory functioning than did men, and some measures of olfaction were stable across age groups, or were higher among older respondents (e.g., odor identification).
Technique hybride rétrograde de largage d’un stent dans l’artère mésentérique supérieure pour ischémie mésentérique aiguë compliquant une ischémie chronique

La revascularisation pour ischemie mesenterique aigue peut etre agressive chez les patients presentant un infarctus intestinal, une contamination peritoneale, et aucune source d’apport adaptee a un pontage. Une femme de 70 ans presentait une ischemie mesenterique aigue sur fond chronique, une occlusion de l’artere mesenterique superieure (SMA), et une maladie occlusive aorto-iliaque diffuse. Cet article decrit la technique de recanalisation retrograde hybride de la SMA et de mise en place d’un stent utilisant une laparotomie mediane. La partie moyenne de la SMA etait exposee et les branches jejunales etaient controlees avec des lacs en silastic. Un acces retrograde etait etabli sous la vue et le segment occlus de SMA etait franchi, pre-dilate, et stente avec un stent expansible par ballonnet. La SMA etait rincee par une arteriotomie longitudinale, qui etait fermee avec un patch de veine saphene. Le stenting hybride retrograde de la SMA est une option simple pour revasculariser des patients avec une ischemie mesenterique aigue sur fond chronique qui n’ont pas de contamination peritoneale et pas d’autre source de flux pour les arteres intestinales.
Equilibrium gel permeation: measurement of solute partitioning by direct fluorescence scanning.

Abstract The feasibility of using fluorescence detection in quantitative gel permeation measurements has been explored. It is shown that the effect of scattering by the gel matrix can be evaluated in terms of pathlength-dependent turbidity functions for excitation and emission wavelengths. Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate these functions in cross-linked dextran gels (Sephadexes) and in agarose gels (Sepharoses). Empirical turbidity functions derived for these gels have a simple form, leading to accurate simplifying approximations for the scattering correction required in a fluorescence gel permeation measurement. Using this approach, partition cross-sections were estimated for dansyl-conjuaated β-gamma globuline and for dansyl-conjugated bovine serum albumin. The results establish feasibility of the method and clearly indicate the instrumentation requirements for its accurate implementation.
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3[beta] activity with lithium in vitro attenuates sepsis-induced changes in muscle protein turnover.

Loss of lean body mass is a characteristic feature of the septic response, and the mechanisms responsible for this decrease and means of prevention have not been fully elucidated. The present study tested the hypothesis that in vitro treatment of skeletal muscle with lithium chloride (LiCl), a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 inhibitor, would reverse both the sepsis-induced increase in muscle protein degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis. Sepsis decreased GSK-3β phosphorylation and increased GSK-3β activity, under basal conditions. Sepsis increased muscle protein degradation, with a concomitant increase in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA and 26S proteasome activity. Incubation of septic muscle with LiCl completely reversed the increased GSK-3β activity and decreased proteolysis to basal nonseptic values, but only partially reduced proteasome activity and did not diminish atrogene expression. LiCl also did not ameliorate the sepsis-induced increase in LC3-II, a marker for activated autophagy. In contrast, LiCl increased protein synthesis only in nonseptic control muscle. The inability of septic muscle to respond to LiCl was independent of its ability to reverse the sepsis-induced increase in eIF2Be phosphorylation, decreased eIF2B activity, or the reduced phosphorylation of FOXO3, but instead was more closely associated with the continued suppression of mTOR kinase activity (e.g., reduced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6). These data suggest that in vitro lithium treatment which inhibited GSK-3β activity: a) effectively reversed the sepsis-induced increase in proteolysis, but only in part by a reduction in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and not by a reduction in autophagy; and b) was ineffective at reversing the sepsis-induced decrease in muscle protein synthesis. This lithium resistant state appears mediated at the level of mTOR and not eIF2/eIF2B. Hence, use of GSK-3β inhibitors in the treatment of sepsis may not be expected to fully correct the imbalance in muscle protein turnover.
Orthogonal decomposition framework for ionospheric tomography algorithms

Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) is one of the most recent developments in the area of remote sensing of the ionosphere. This system is a special case of limited angle tomography in which not only are projection angles limited, but the number of samples per projection varies. This article presents an orthogonal decomposition framework for unifying CIT algorithms including both generalized classical algorithms such as the algebraic reconstruction technique, the direct Fourier method, and filtered backprojection, and algorithms using basis functions from a priori information. This article discusses the orthogonality of the basis functions associated with the classical techniques and presents simulations comparing the use of a priori information in filtered backprojection and orthogonal decomposition.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF UNPUBLISHED STUDIES

The possible existence of unreported studies can cast doubt on the conclusions of a meta-analytic summary of the literature, particularly if there is reason to believe that there is a publication bias against non-significant results. The present article proposes two general models that describe how the preponderance of published studies could report significant p-values even when testing a null hypothesis that is, in fact, true. Each such model allows one to estimate the number, N, of unpublished studies using the p-values reported in the published studies; the meta-analyst can then evaluate the plausibility of this estimated value of N, or related confidence bounds. Use of models of the kind suggested here allows meta-analysts to assess the problem of unpublished studies from various perspectives and thus can lead to greater understanding of, and confidence in, meta-analytic conclusions.
Stereoselective Vinylation of Aryl N-(2-Pyridylsulfonyl) Aldimines with 1-Alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic Reagents

Vinylation of aryl N-(2-pyridylsulfonyl) aldimines with versatile 1-alkenyl-1,1-borozinc heterobimetallic reagents is disclosed. In situ hydroboration of air-stable B(pin)-alkynes followed by chemoselective transmetalation with dimethylzinc and addition to aldimines provides B(pin)-substituted allylic amines in 53–93% yield in a one-pot procedure. The addition step can be followed by either B–C bond oxidation to provide α-amino ketones (71–98% yield) or Suzuki cross-coupling to furnish trisubstituted 2-arylated (E)-allylic amines (51–73% yield).
Self-Presentation in Personal Advertisements: The Influence of Implicit Notions of Attraction and Role Expectations

Heterosexual personal advertisements from two geographically separated, local, weekly newspapers were content-analyzed. Three significant patterns of findings emerged which shed light on gender differences in self-presentational style. First, women were found to be relatively more likely to offer instrumental or `male-valued' traits in their ads and to seek expressive or `female-valued' ones, while men showed the reverse pattern. This paradoxical finding was interpreted to reflect the influence of implicit notions of attraction and role expectations. Second, women were relatively more likely to offer weight and to seek height, while men were relatively more likely to offer height and to seek weight. This pattern was interpreted to reflect the influence of the `male-taller-norm' in mate selection as well as a societal bias toward thinness in women. Finally, as in previous studies of this sort, women were found to be relatively more likely to offer physical attractiveness and to seek professional status, wh...
MIXING EVENTS IN EAU GALLE LAKE

ABSTRACT Eau Galle Lake (Spring Valley, Wis.), a U.S. Army Engineers reservoir, is more susceptible to weather-related mixing events than most north temperate lakes. Bottom withdrawal at Eau Galle leads to considerable heat storage in the hypolimnion and by late summer there is only 6–8° C difference between surface and bottom temperatures. Steep metalimnetic gradients never develop and as a result the reservoir has a relatively low thermal stability, which implies a susceptibility to weather-induced (i.e., wind or cold front passage) mixing events. Two types of mixing events were observed in Eau Galle Lake in the summers of 1981 and 1982: (1) Small scale mixes similar to those observed in lakes. These events lead to net movement of nutrients into the epilimnion and a resultant increase in chlorophyll a concentrations. (2) Large scale mixes that function essentially as short-lived turnovers. These large scale mixes are preceded by a cooling trend in air temperature which results in heat loss from the surf...
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Microgram and Nanogram Quantities of Histamine as Its Na-Trifluoroacetyl-Nim-Carbethoxy Derivative

Abstract A method has been devised for the quantitative estimation of microgram and nanogram quantities of histamine as its Na-trifluoroacetyl-Nim-carbethoxy derivative. Trifluoroacetic anhydride was used for the formation of Na-trifluoroacetyl derivative and ethoxyformic anhydride was used for the Nim-carbethoxy derivative. Quantitative determinations were made in the range of 20 to 100 micrograms and 250 and 1000 nanograms with a mean standard deviation of 2–3%. The standard curves were linear.
Application of Blind Deblurring Reconstruction Technique to SPECT Imaging

An SPECT image can be approximated as the convolution of the ground truth spatial radioactivity with the system point spread function (PSF). The PSF of an SPECT system is determined by the combined effect of several factors, including the gamma camera PSF, scattering, attenuation, and collimator response. It is hard to determine the SPECT system PSF analytically, although it may be measured experimentally. We formulated a blind deblurring reconstruction algorithm to estimate both the spatial radioactivity distribution and the system PSF from the set of blurred projection images. The algorithm imposes certain spatial-frequency domain constraints on the reconstruction volume and the PSF and does not otherwise assume knowledge of the PSF. The algorithm alternates between two iterative update sequences that correspond to the PSF and radioactivity estimations, respectively. In simulations and a small-animal study, the algorithm reduced image blurring and preserved the edges without introducing extra artifacts. The localized measurement shows that the reconstruction efficiency of SPECT images improved more than 50% compared to conventional expectation maximization (EM) reconstruction. In experimental studies, the contrast and quality of reconstruction was substantially improved with the blind deblurring reconstruction algorithm.
The impact of re-engineering a multi-institutional residency program on resident perceptions of the individual institutions

Abstract Purpose We report on the development of a survey tool used to assess resident perceptions of support and educational quality among multiple institutions in an integrated surgical residency, as well as its use in measuring the impact of re-engineering on that program. Methods The University of Connecticut Integrated General Surgical Residency (UCIGSR) is a multisite program that was placed on probation by the Residency Review Committee in Surgery (RRC) in November 1998. This led to a re-evaluation and a re-engineering of the program. In order to better assess the residents’ evaluation of the program, we serially examined their attitudes with a survey of 65 questions. A 4-point grading scale (1 = Poor, 4 = Excellent) was used, and each resident was required to complete a survey beginning shortly after RRC probation was announced and at 6-month intervals. Seven global questions in the survey, directed at residency program support and educational quality, were asked for each of the 4 individual adult hospitals, for a total of 28 questions. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Jonckhere-Terpstra and the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The results demonstrated significant improvement for all 7 questions in all 4 hospitals between November 1998 (S1) and November 1999 (S3). Average scores for all 7 questions, Hospital Support (HS), Departmental Support (DS), Hospital Teaching (HT), Outpatient Teaching (OTC), Operating Room Teaching (ORT), Grand Rounds (GR), and Morbidity and Mortality Conferences (MM), improved in every hospital by 16–28%. In S1, 1 out of 28 questions received an average score greater than or equal to 3, whereas on the most recent survey, 17 of 28 scored greater than or equal to 3 and 78.5% of the questions demonstrated statistically significant improvement (p Conclusions The survey was able to detect weaknesses and variation in program support and educational quality among institutions in our surgical program. Over time, a re-engineering of the process of educating surgical residents demonstrated a positive effect on all of the institutions. While raising the overall satisfaction level of the residents throughout, the greatest improvement occurred in the lowest rated hospitals. Despite barriers of different institutional cultures and geographic locations, a multi-institutional residency program can institute positive change uniformly, and quantitatively monitor that change.
Plasmon-polariton transport in metal-nanoparticle chains embedded in a gain medium

Plasmon-polariton transport on chains of noncontacting noble-metal nanoparticles suffers from severe attenuation. A possible way of countering the attenuation by embedding the nanoparticle chain in an optical-gain medium is considered. It is found that short-wavelength surface polaritons can acquire exponential growth that can counter nonradiative loss. This is most pronounced for modes polarized transverse to the chain axis immediately outside the light line; this growth factor is likely to be sufficient to counterbalance losses and so lead to low-attenuation propagation of plasmon polaritons in nanoparticle chains.
Bioavailability for Rats of Vitamin E from Fortified Breakfast Cereals

Bioavailability of vitamin E in three fortified breakfast cereals and dose-response relationships among dietary vitamin E and selected biochemical indices were investigated using a rat depletion-repletion model. Response criteria included concentrations of α-tocopherol in plasma, red blood cells, liver, heart, and adipose tissue, and plasma pyruvate kinase activity. Bioavailability of vitamin E in whole grain cereal and corn flakes was generally comparable to that of the tocopheryl acetate standard. Bioavailability of vitamin E in bran flakes was lower than that of the standard based on four of the criteria. A food matrix effect in bran flakes resulted in the lower bioavailability.
"Injury pattern" following paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a child

. Ghosh, A. and McCandless, A. E. (Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liver pool, England). “Injury Pattern” following paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a child. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:783, 1974.—Electrocardiograms recorded after the control of a prolonged attack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia lasting for five days in a child showed T wave inversion, notching and prolonged duration of P wave and an “injury pattern”. These electrocardiographic changes described mostly in adults are uncommon in children. Antibody titre of mumps rose from 1/40 after admission to 1/320 thirteen days later suggesting recent mumps infection. Mumps mywarditis may have caused paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in this child.
An experimental study of the effects of aft blowing on a 3.0 caliber tangent ogive body at high angles of attack

An experimental study of the effects of aft blowing on the forebody vortex asymmetry over a 3.0 caliber tangent ogive body at high angles of attack was conducted. The tip of the ogive body was equipped with a single blowing nozzle whose position could be adjusted. The tests were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel at laminar flow conditions. The effects of model roll, angle of attack, blowing coefficient, and blowing nozzle axial position were independently studied. Surface pressure measurements and flow visualization results were obtained. Aft blowing was observed to alleviate the degree of vortex asymmetry at all angles of attack. The blowing was found to be more effective at the higher angles of attack. However, proportional control of the degree of vortex asymmetry was not observed, because the initial flowfield was highly asymmetric.
Influence of temperature and duration of acclimation, time of day, sex and body weight on metabolic rates in the hylid frog, Acris crepitans

Abstract 1. 1. Measurements of oxygen consumption were made at 15°C on frogs acclimated in the dark at temperatures of 5, 15 and 25°C. 2. 2. Acclimation is essentially completed within 4 days and follows a pattern of inverse compensation. Significant differences between the sexes were found only in May. 3. 3. Time-related fluctuations in metabolic rates were observed, with a peak centering on 13.30 hr. 4. 4. A clear-cut increase in metabolic rate occured between early April and May, and marked changes in the metabolism-weight relationship were observed from season to season.
Projections of the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system upon pretectal nuclei in the pigmented rat.

The projections of the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system (AOS) upon pretectal nuclei have been studied in pigmented rats by means of (i) the anterograde transport of 3H-leucine with the use of light autoradiography and (ii) the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of 3H-leucine largely restricted to the MTN and minimally involving adjacent ventral midbrain structures, produced heavy terminal axonal labeling within the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and the dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) of the AOS. Terminal labeling was observed in all superficial portions of the NOT, except for a small ventromedial segment in the rostral two thirds and a larger medial segment in the caudal one third of this nucleus. Thus the MTN-NOT projections we describe entirely overlap the retinal-NOT projection and partially overlap the visual cortical-NOT, as reported by others. Within the DTN, the dense terminal fields covered the entire nucleus.
Electrical conductivity in narrow-band materials

The dc conductivity of a system of strongly interacting electrons in narrow-band materials is calculated using the large-interaction limit of the Hubbard model with impurities. A generalized-moment method allows for the calculation of the conductivity for arbitrary electron and impurity concentrations as a function of magnetization. The conductivity vanishes for a half-filled band, and in the absence of impurities it increases approximately linearly with the number of empty or doubly occupied sites. In the absence of electron-electron scattering the impurity-limited conductivity varies linearly as the product of the hole and electron concentrations. Numerical results indicate that to within 3% a generalized Matthiessen's rule holds; the resistivities due to impurities and electron-electron interactions are additive. An upper bound on the conductivities of strongly interacting electrons in narrow-band materials is obtained. The model of a planar antiferromagnet is used to explain the anisotropic conductivity of nickel sulfide below the N\'eel temperature.
Distribution, structure, and dynamics of cesium and iodide ions at the H2O-CCl4 and H2O-vapor interfaces.

Molecular dynamics simulations utilizing many-body potentials of H2O−CCl4 and H2O−vapor interfaces were carried out at different cesium and iodide ion concentrations to compare ion distribution, interfacial orientational and structural properties, and dynamics. It was found that cesium was repelled by both interfaces, and iodide was active at both interfaces, but to a much greater degree at the H2O−vapor interface. At the interface, the iodide dipole was strongly induced, orienting perpendicular to the interface for both systems, leading to stronger hydrogen bonds with water. For the H2O−CCl4 interface, though, there was a compensation between these strong hydrogen bonds and short to moderate ranged repulsion between iodide and CCl4. Hydrogen bond distance and angular distributions showed weaker water−water hydrogen bonds at both interfaces, but generally stronger water−iodide hydrogen bonds. Both translational and rotational dynamics of water were faster at the interface, while for CCl4, its translationa...
Temperature performance of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers with resonant-phonon active-regions

Significant progress has recently been made toward improving the power output, beam quality and spectral characteristics of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). However, the maximum operating temperature of the best-performing devices has become relatively stagnant and is in the range of 150–200 K for QCLs designed to emit in the frequency range of 2–4 THz. Such QCLs are primarily designed with resonant-phonon depopulation schemes. The requirement to cryogenically cool terahertz QCLs leads to stringent limitations on their use for various applications. Although significant advances have been made to model quantum transport in quantum cascade superlattices, the relative role of various electron transport mechanisms as a function of temperature is not clear. This article discusses temperature behavior of resonant-phonon terahertz QCLs with respect to a variety of active-region design schemes, and argues that precise understanding of high-temperature transport remains elusive for terahertz QCLs. The role of electron–phonon scattering, collisional-broadening, thermal leakage, and interface-roughness scattering towards the degradation of intersubband optical gain at higher temperatures is discussed for the popular terahertz QCL designs.
μ-Opioid receptor agonist effects on medullary respiratory neurons in the cat: evidence for involvement in certain types of ventilatory disturbances

μ-Opioid receptor agonists depress tidal volume, decrease chest wall compliance, and increase upper airway resistance. In this study, potential neuronal sites and mechanisms responsible for the dis...
Introduction of agriculture and its effects on women's oral health.

This study explores the dynamic relationship between the introduction of agriculture and its effects on women's oral health by testing the hypothesis that female reproductive physiology contributes to an oral environment more susceptible to chronic oral disease and that, in a population undergoing the foraging to farming transition, females will exhibit a higher prevalence of oral pathology than males. This is tested by comparing the presence, location, and severity of caries lesions and antemortem tooth loss across groups of reproductive aged and postreproductive females (n = 71) against corresponding groups of males (n = 71) in an Early Agricultural period (1600 B.C.–A.D. 200) skeletal sample from northwest Mexico. Caries rates did not differ by sex across age groups in the sample; however, females were found to exhibit significantly more antemortem tooth loss than males (P > 0.01). Differences were initially minimal but increased by age cohort until postreproductive females experienced a considerable amount of tooth loss, during a life stage when the accumulation of bodily insults likely contributed to dental exfoliation. Higher caries rates in females are often cited as the result of gender differences and dietary disparities in agricultural communities. In an early farming community, with diets being relatively equal, women were found to experience similar caries expression but greater tooth loss. We believe this differential pattern of oral pathology provides new evidence in support of theinterpretation that women's oral health is impacted by effects relating to reproductive biology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prediction of Basketball Skill Using Biomechanical Variables

Abstract This study was designed to examine the use of selected biomechanical variables in the prediction of basketball skill. The subjects were college women in three mutually exclusive groups of basketball skill: an elite group of six competitors on the United States team in the World University Games, a good group of seven players on a varsity team, and a poor group of nine members of an instructional class. An accuracy test and digitized film records provided the data for 12 variables related to the process or product of free throw shooting. Discriminant analysis was employed to predict the categorical variable of skill. The most discrimination came from variables of accuracy, stability, and height of release rather than from variables of projection. Poor shooters were distinguished by instability; elite shooters were characterized by a high point of release and accuracy under pressure. Depending on the method of prediction, rates for correct classification of subjects ranged from 76–100%. Thus, it ap...
The effects of color patterns on the aggressive behavior of Tilapia mariae (Boulenger)

The present study uses dummy presentations to explore the effects of color patterns on behavior. Four patterns are used: spotted, barred, spotted/barred, and plain. Of 15 behaviors observed only 5 were found to be affected by color patterns. These were: Lateral Display, Frontal Display, Charge, Tailbeat, and Bite. The results demonstrate that the spotted pattern, indicative of a territorial animal, elicits high levels of Frontal Display, Bite, Tailbeat, and Charge and low levels of Lateral Display while the barred pattern, indicative of a submissive or escaping animal, has the opposite effect. The spotted/barred pattern elicits intermediate levels of Bite, Charge, and Lateral Display but levels of Frontal Display and Tailbeat similar to that seen in the presence of the barred pattern. The plain pattern elicits low levels of all the above behaviors. These results are discussed in terms of internal state changes.
Mesothelioma (Coelothelioma) of the Atrioventricular Node

This is the 12th reported case of benign mesothelioma of the atrioventricular (AV) node, studied both clinically and pathologically. In this case, serial sections were done throughout the entire conduction system. The patient clinically showed AV block with a nodal pacemaker. Pathologically the approaches to the AV node and most of the node were replaced by tumor. The AV bundle was not involved by tumor. This is a small, slow growing tumor probably derived from epicardial rests. It has never been diagnosed clinically, but could be surgically removed before the AV block is complete.
ANALYSIS OF E. COLI PHOA-LACZ FUSION GENE EXPRESSION INSERTED INTO A MULTICOPY PLASMID AND HOST CELL'S CHROMOSOME

The production of beta-galactosidase from the E. coli phoA-lacZ fusion gene was studied to compare the gene expression behavior of two cloning methods: insertion to multicopy plasmids and integration into host cell's chromosome. The chromosome-integrating strain showed more tight control of fusion gene expression levels than the plasmid-containing strain. A 100-fold enhancement of specific beta-galactosidase activity in the former strain was achieved in response to changes of initial inorganic phosphate concentration from 1 to 0.1 mM, whereas a 26-fold increase was observed in the latter strain. The low degree of overexpression in the plasmid-bearing cells was due to a combination of factors including leaky expression in repressed conditions and limitation of biosynthetic machinery in derepressed conditions. In a mixture of inorganic and organic phosphates, inorganic phosphate levels in the medium exhibited oscillatory behavior. The oscillation of inorganic phosphate is attributed to selective usage of inorganic phosphate followed by hydrolysis of organic phosphate to inorganic by alkaline phosphatase. The fluctuation of inorganic phosphate levels also caused the oscillation of beta-galactosidase activity.
Perceptions of High School Counseling Activities: Response Differences According To College Plans

Responses to a survey indicate that seniors' perceptions of their counsel ing needs often do not coincide with the amount of specific counseling they actually received.
A zebrafish model of hyperammonemia

Hyperammonemia is the principal consequence of urea cycle defects and liver failure, and the exposure of the brain to elevated ammonia concentrations leads to a wide range of neuro-cognitive deficits, intellectual disabilities, coma and death. Current treatments focus almost exclusively on either reducing ammonia levels through the activation of alternative pathways for ammonia disposal or on liver transplantation. Ammonia is toxic to most fish and its pathophysiology appears to be similar to that in mammals. Since hyperammonemia can be induced in fish simply by immersing them in water with elevated concentration of ammonia, we sought to develop a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of hyperammonemia. When exposed to 3mM ammonium acetate (NH4Ac), 50% of 4-day old (dpf) fish died within 3hours and 4mM NH4Ac was 100% lethal. We used 4dpf zebrafish exposed to 4mM NH4Ac to test whether the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and/or NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801, memantine and ketamine, which are known to protect the mammalian brain from hyperammonemia, prolong survival of hyperammonemic fish. MSO, MK-801, memantine and ketamine all prolonged the lives of the ammonia-treated fish. Treatment with the combination of MSO and an NMDA receptor antagonist was more effective than either drug alone. These results suggest that zebrafish can be used to screen for ammonia-neuroprotective agents. If successful, drugs that are discovered in this screen could complement current treatment approaches to improve the outcome of patients with hyperammonemia.
Pooja Sankar: Building the Piazza Collaboration System

Pooja Sankar describes an online collaboration tool that's growing in popularity among engineering and computer science students. The Piazza online collaboration tool is quickly becoming a popular way to enhance student interaction and involvement in engineering and computer science courses. Piazza combines features from blogs, wikis, and threaded discussions, resulting in a system that encourages students to answer each other's questions and collectively build knowledge around course materials throughout the duration of the course. Essentially, the tool recreates the kind of interactions that small face-to-face study groups typically experience when they're covering challenging material in a course.
Sunken Costs and Desired Plans: Examining Different Types of Investments in Close Relationships

Although the concept of investments in romantic relationships has featured prominently in close relationships research, there have been no empirical analyses of different types of investments and their possible differential predictive power regarding relationship state or fate. With data from five independent samples, the authors offer and examine investments that differ in terms of their timing (past vs. planned) and materiality (tangible vs. intangible). Cross-sectional and longitudinal tests of hypotheses regarding these investment types provide evidence for the utility of considering specific types of investments in predicting a variety of important relationship factors, including commitment, stability, and the impact of breakup on relationship partners. Intangible investments and planned investments were found to be particularly robust predictors of key relational states and outcomes.
Respite Care Needs of Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to identify the respite care needs, and the impact of a lack of respite care, among families of children with developmental disabilities. A respite care needs assessment survey was completed by 574 lowan families of children with developmental disabilities. The results documented a void in the availability and accessibility of respite services regardless of demography, income level, or extent of disability. Respondents generally perceived that the availability of respite care services would improve overall family functioning.
IMAGE ANALYSIS PIPELINE FOR CHARACTERIZING PHOTOLYTIC DEGRADATION IN DAGUERREOTYPES

We describe an image analysis pipeline for the minimally invasive analysis and characterization of light-induced degradation in daguerreotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that quantitative characterization and temporal analysis of the photolytic degradation has been described for daguerreotypes. We measure the impact of degradation using microscopic image capture before and after exposure of a small sacrificial region of the daguerreotype to light. The image analysis pipeline compensates for changes in capture position between the pre and post-exposure images and measures the effects of the degradation in the regions under test. Our results show that photolytic degradation follows a profile that is approximated as the sum of two exponentials with a time constants about 0.41 and 0.003 min -1 , with
False Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis Due to Doppler Recording of Mitral Regurgitation from the Suprasternal Notch

The suprasternal notch provides an important window for estimating aortic valve gradient with a nonimaging continuous-wave transducer. Since the Doppler beam is highly angulated with respect to mitral flow, it is generally assumed that mitral regurgitation cannot simulate significant aortic stenosis in this window. We report on an 88-year-old patient with clinically suspected aortic stenosis and heavy valve calcification, in whom suprasternal notch Doppler with a nonimaging probe showed a high-velocity flow that appeared to confirm the diagnosis of aortic stenosis. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated moderate mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet and no aortic gradient. Awareness of the potential to image mitral regurgitation from the suprasternal notch is stressed to avoid misdiagnosis. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, January 1991)
A mobility tracking model for wireless ad hoc networks

We propose a novel scheme for tracking the mobility of users in a wireless ad hoc network. Mobile nodes track their positions using pilot signal strengths from neighboring nodes within a local coordinate system based on relative distances between nodes. Node mobility is modeled as a linear system driven by a discrete command semi-Markov process. Mobility tracking is performed using an extended Kalman filter preceded by an averaging filter. Our numerical results show that the mobility tracking scheme performs effectively and can be used to enhance routing performance in ad hoc networks.
Susceptibility of the Gray Fox to Fox Encephalitis

SummaryThe results indicate that the gray fox is relatively resistant to fox encephalitis virus virulent for red foxes. It appears that the virus will regularly infect the gray fox to produce a symptomless infection, but only occasionally will symptoms appear that resemble the disease in red foxes.A virulence gradient of this virus for related species can be postulated whereby in the family Canidae the closely related dogs and coyotes (Cants) and red foxes (Vulpes) are most susceptible, the more distantly related gray fox (Urocyon) less susceptible, and those species which are earlier offshoots of the canines, such as the black bear and the raccoon, are the least susceptible to fox encephalitis.