cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Federal Aviation Administration aircraft inspection research and develoment programs

A substantial and coordinated program in inspection system research was initiated at the FAA Technical Center in 1990 as part of the National Aging Aircraft Research Program. the primary objectives of the inspection systems initiative are to develop improved inspection techniques to address specific aging airframe and engine inspection problems and to evaluate and validate existing and emerging inspection systems. Advanced conventional technologies, emerging technologies, or combinations of technologies are investigated for their ability to accurately and reliably detect cracks, disbonds, corrosion, and other damage. This paper will present an overview of FAA inspection system research initiatives, but will focus primarily on the technical issues which have defined and prioritized those initiatives.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Elastic Scattering of 14-Mev Neutrons from Beryllium and Carbon

The angular distributions of elastically scattered 14-Mev (nominal energy) neutrons have been measured for beryllium and carbon from 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Ring geometry, time-of-flight techniques, and relatively low detector biases were used. A comparison with optical-model calculations by Bjorklund and Fernbach indicates that the parameters that fit the medium and heavy elements do not yield satisfactory fits for beryllium and carbon.
Diurnal temperature patterns of early lactating cows with milking parlor cooling.

Abstract Ten cows in early stages of lactation (less than 100 days postpartum) were used to test the effect of sprinkler/fan cooling on vaginal temperature patterns. Cows were assigned to two groups matched according to milk production. The trial was divided into three periods: period 1, when one group was treated and the other group was not, period 2, when neither group was treated, and period 3, when treatment was switched from period 1 between groups. Treatment consisted of forced air misting in a pre-milking holding pen, fan cooling during milking, and forced air-sprinkling in a postmilking holding area. Weather conditions were measured by dry bulb, wet bulb, and black globe temperatures. Black globe temperatures in pre- and postmilking holding areas were used to estimate treatment magnitude. All measures were obtained through radiotelemetry at 15-min intervals for 31 days. Animals were milked twice a day. Animals spent an average of 140min in treatment at each milking. In both morning and afternoon milking, treatment caused a transient increase of body temperature. However, this was followed in the afternoon by low vaginal temperatures for 1 to 2h beyond treatment with lower temperatures throughout the day.
Plasma resonance absorption in conical diffraction: effects of groove depth

Plasma resonance absorption of 633-nm photons in silver gratings produced holographically with groove spacing d = 2186 nm and corrugation amplitudes h = 9, 25, and 41 nm were studied in conical (nonplanar) diffraction geometries. Resonance absorption of p- and s-polarized incident photons were measured as a function of the ruling orientation relative to the plane of incidence by using the photoacoustic method. It was found that the relative intensities of resonance absorption for p- and s-polarized light are strongly dependent on the corrugation amplitude and that s-polarized photons are converted more efficiently to surface plasmons than p-polarized photons as the grating grooves become deeper.
Building Community Partnerships to Support Aging Societies

AbstractThe 21st century finds most societies facing the challenges of aging. The number of persons over 60 years old is accelerating and is anticipated to reach nearly two billion worldwide by 2050, the majority living in developing countries. While it is largely myth that older adults pose economic burdens, risks for chronic illness and disability increase with advancing age. The World Health Organization’s International Plan of Action on Ageing: Report on implementation (2004) highlights the importance of geriatric education for healthcare workers and “continuum of care” in primary healthcare” (p.2). Occupational therapists worldwide provide services to families and will increasingly provide services to elders. Twenty-first century demographic challenges require collaborative efforts to support active aging and maximize the quality of life of all elders. Occupational therapy communities of practice and interdisciplinary partnerships offer opportunities to share our expertise to promote policies and int...
The Physiological Function of Store-operated Calcium Entry

Store-operated Ca2+ entry is a process whereby the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores signals the opening of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. It has long been thought that the main function of store-operated Ca2+ entry was the replenishment of intracellular Ca2+ stores following their discharge during intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Recent results, however, suggest that the primary function of these channels may be to provide direct Ca2+ signals to recipients localized to spatially restricted areas close to the sites of Ca2+ entry in order to initiate specific signaling pathways.
A study of asynchronously excited oscillations in nonlinear control systems

This study was initiated as an effort to explain certain oscillatory phenomena observed in an aircraft and weapon control system operated in a particular mode. The oscillations in question were of the undamped limit-cycle type and their presence could very clearly be correlated with the degree of noise corruption of the signals. It is demonstrated in this paper that certain types of nonlinear systems although being inherently stable may be driven into oscillatory modes not only by random signals but also by any high frequency periodic or nonperiodic signal possessing a certain energy content. It is of interest to note that the tendency for hunting and also the hunt frequency usually are completely independent of the frequency of the excitation signal, i.e., the phenomenon is of asynchronous nature. A general theory, the validity of which has been tested by both analog and digital means, is presented and utilized to demonstrate how this phenomenon may be predicted from information on circuit data.
Experiences With A Multiple Resistant Klebsiella pneumonias In An Infant Intensive Care Unit

Experiences With A Multiple Resistant Klebsiella pneumonias In An Infant Intensive Care Unit
MONEY, OUTPUT AND INFLATION IN AFRICAN ECONOMIES1

This paper examines the long-run money-inflation relation for 36 African countries using cross-section and panel data analysis. The focus is on the recent claim by De Grauwe and Polan that the common finding in multi-country studies of a strong positive link typically reflects the presence of high-inflation countries in the sample and on Nelson's criticisms of the data and methodology employed in that study. Adjusting the De Grauwe and Polan methodology to take account of many of Nelson's criticisms, I confirm a weak long-run relation between money growth and inflation for countries when money growth and inflation are below 10%, but a strong relation when money growth and inflation move much above that number. This result is not dependent on the inclusion of high inflation countries in the cross-section and panel data samples.
Impact of ion trap tandem mass spectra variability on the identification of peptides.

Peptide identification based on tandem mass spectrometry and database searching algorithms has become one of the central technologies in proteomics. At the heart of this technology is the ability to reproducibly acquire high-quality tandem mass spectra for database interrogation. The variability in tandem mass spectra generation is often assumed to be minimal, and peptide identifications are typically based on a single tandem mass spectrum. In this paper, we characterize the variance of scores derived from replicate tandem mass spectra using several database search algorithms and demonstrate the effects of spectral variability on the correct identification of peptides. We show that the variance associated with the collection of tandem mass spectra can be substantial leading to sizable errors in search algorithm scores (∼5−25% RSD) and ultimately incorrect assignments. Processing strategies are discussed to minimize the impact of tandem mass spectra variability on peptide identification.
Reward feedback accelerates motor learning

Recent findings have demonstrated that reward feedback alone can drive motor learning. However, it is not yet clear whether reward feedback alone can lead to learning when a perturbation is introdu...
Chromomagnetic instability and induced magnetic field in neutral two-flavor color superconductivity

We find that the chromomagnetic instability existing in neutral two-flavor color superconductivity at moderate densities is removed by the formation of an inhomogeneous condensate of charged gluons and the corresponding induction of a magnetic field. It is shown that this inhomogeneous ground state is energetically favored over a homogeneous one. The spontaneous induction of a magnetic field in a color superconductor at moderate densities can be of interest for the astrophysics of compact stellar objects exhibiting strong magnetic fields as magnetars.
NAL Booster and Storage-Ring RF Systems

The NAL booster - accelerator radio-frequency system design is described in detail. This rapid-cycling system is ferrite tuned from 30 MHz to 53 MHz. Each high-power module has an RF-output rating of 100 kW provided by a cascode amplifier which is a removable part of the cavity assembly. The low-level portion of the system corrects for both systematic and non-systematic tracking errors using a single set of wide-band beam sensors. In the design of a storage-ring RF system, the control of the beam-cavity interaction is a basic problem. This paper describes an arrange ment of TEM mode cavity, cascode power amplifier, beam pickup and feedback control loop to achieve a cavity-gap impedance of about 10 ohms over a frequency range from the synchrotron-oscillation frequency (a few Hz) to the higherharmonics of the bunch frequency. The design center radiofrequencyis 53.1 MHz.
Pediatric Pyeloplasty: Comparison of Literature Meta-Analysis of Laparoscopic and Open Techniques With Open Surgery at a Single Institution

Purpose: We performed a meta-analysis of published series of laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty. We compared these data to open pyeloplasty at our institution using diuretic renography as the indicator for obstruction and postoperative success.Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic studies included 19 series published between 1995 and 2007 comprising 346 kidneys. Open pyeloplasty studies included 9 series published between 1998 and 2007 comprising 486 kidneys. Data from our institution included records for 213 patients (224 kidneys). We defined reoperative intervention as unplanned placement of a nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent, balloon dilation or redo pyeloplasty.Results: In the laparoscopic studies 171 cases (49%) were evaluated by preoperative and 137 (40%) by postoperative diuretic renography. Of patients undergoing postoperative diuretic renography 10 (7%) underwent reoperative intervention, including redo pyeloplasty (6, 4%), nephrostomy (3, 2%) and balloon dilation (1, 1%). In the open pyeloplasty ...
Feeding Habits of the Bayou Darter

Abstract From March 1986 to August 1987, we investigated the trophic ecology of the bayou darter Etheostoma rubrum, an endemic of Bayou Pierre, Mississippi, that is federally listed as threatened. Twenty-four prey taxa were identified from 440 bayou darters (standard length, 15–52 mm). Five prey taxa were dominant in terms of number and weight: chironomids, simuliids, Hydracarina, and, collectively, ephemeropterans and trichopterans. Chironomids constituted the greatest portion of the diet by weight and number (39 and 41%), followed by simuliids (20% by number) and Hydracarina (22% by number). Ephemeropterans and trichopterans had their greatest importance during summer and fall. Seasonal variation in the diet was evidenced by relative occurrence of prey in stomachs and significant differences in feeding intensity across months. Feeding intensity, as measured by a relative fullness index (RFI) and monthly mean numbers of prey, peaked during April 1987, when the RFI reached 3% and the average number of pre...
A winding road to origin discovery.

Studies in our laboratory over the last three decades have shown that the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) origin of replication corresponds to a broad zone of inefficient initiation sites distributed throughout the spacer between the convergently transcribed DHFR and 2BE2121 genes. It is clear from mutational analysis that none of these sites is genetically required for controlling origin activity. However, the integrity of the promoter of the DHFR gene is needed to activate the downstream origin, while the 3′ processing signals prevent invasion and inactivation of the downstream origin by transcription forks. Several other origins in metazoans have been shown to correspond to zones of inefficient sites, while a different subset appears to be similar to the fixed replicators that characterize origins in S. cerevisiae and lower organisms. These observations have led us to suggest a model in which the mammalian genome is dotted with a hierarchy of degenerate, redundant, and inefficient replicators at intervals of a kilobase or less, some of which may have evolved to be highly circumscribed and efficient. The activities of initiation sites are proposed to be largely regulated by local transcription and chromatin architecture. Recently, we and others have devised strategies for identifying active origins on a genome-wide scale in order to define their distributions between fixed and dispersive origin types and to detect relationships among origins, genes, and epigenetic markers. The global pictures emerging are suggestive but far from complete and appear to be plagued by some of the same uncertainties that have led to conflicting views of individual origins in the past (particularly DHFR). In this paper, we will trace the history of origin discovery in mammalian genomes, primarily using the well-studied DHFR origin as a model, because it has been analyzed by nearly every available origin mapping technique in several different laboratories, while many origins have been identified by only one. We will address the strengths and shortcomings of the various methods utilized to identify and characterize origins in complex genomes and will point out how we and others were sometimes led astray by false assumptions and biases, as well as insufficient information. The goal is to help guide future experiments that will provide a truly comprehensive and accurate portrait of origins and their regulation. After all, in the words of George Santayana, “Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.”
Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of spermatozoa reveal an alkaline-activated Ca2+ channel.

Ion channels have an important role in the key physiological functions of mammalian sperm, but despite attempts over the past 20 years to record ion currents from sperm directly, no success had been achieved. Now a simple, reproducible patch-clamp method of recording sperm cell ion currents has been developed, and it reveals that the principal alkaline-activated Ca2+-selective channel in mouse spermatozoa is an alkaline-activated channel in the flagellum, containing the sperm-specific protein CatSper1. In mammals, sperm cells become motile during ejaculation and swim up the female reproductive tract. Before fertilization and to overcome various barriers, their motility must be hyperactivated, a motion that is characterized by vigorous asymmetric tail beating1. Hyperactivation requires an increase in calcium in the flagella, a process that probably involves plasmalemmal ion channels2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Numerous attempts in the past two decades to understand sperm cell channels have been frustrated by the difficulty of measuring spermatozoan transmembrane ion currents2,3,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. Here, by using a simple approach to patch-clamp spermatozoa and to characterize whole-spermatozoan currents, we describe a constitutively active flagellar calcium channel that is strongly potentiated by intracellular alkalinization. This current is not present in spermatozoa lacking the sperm-specific putative ion channel protein, CatSper1. This plasma membrane protein of the six transmembrane-spanning ion channel superfamily is specifically localized to the principal piece of the sperm tail and is required for sperm cell hyperactivation and male fertility4,5. Our results identify CatSper1 as a component of the key flagellar calcium channel, and suggest that intracellular alkalinization potentiates CatSper current to increase intraflagellar calcium and induce sperm hyperactivation.
The Impact of Reinventing Government on State and Federal Parks

�� Over the last dozen years of the twentieth century, one major change affecting many American public policies consists of increased demands for efficiency. As a result, the demands on bureaucratic agencies responsible for delivery of public goods and services are daunting. Political authorities prescribe economic goals of efficiency and selfsufficiency for agencies while not reducing demands for attainment of political goals like efficacy and equity. Public officials have used techniques encouraging efficient behavior such as downsizing and evaluation through performance-based standards to make government more streamlined while still being effective. Have these changes occurred in different ways at different levels of the federal system? How can we explain those differences? Does the impact on the delivered goods and services vary significantly by level of government? In this article, I use a functional theory of federalism to address those questions. This theory suggests that different types of policies are most effectively implemented at different levels of government. 1 In short, governments work best when developmental policies (the provision and maintenance of services) are delegated to state governments and redistributive policies (the reallocation of resources) are left at the federal level. Empirical analyses suggest that even when considering the same policy area, agencies operating at different levels of the federal system will pursue their own tendencies that are consistent with the functional theory. Thus, implementation of the same policy at different levels will produce an emphasis on developmental potential at the state level and redistributive priorities at the national level. 2 I use this theoretical framework to consider the impact of recent demands for greater economic efficiency on the management of parks at both state and federal levels of government. I argue that, consistent with theoretical predictions, managers of state and na
A critical examination of expansion tunnel performance

An experimental study of the performance of the expansion tunnel for various test gases and range of quiescent acceleration section and nozzle pressure, nozzle geometric area ratio, and nozzle axial station has been performed. Flow diagnostics used to examine expansion tunnel flow characteristics were time histories and profiles of pitot pressure and axial component of flow velocity. The purpose of this study was to determine experimentally what limitations might restrict predicted operational flexibility and the advantages and disadvantages of this mode of operation as compared to the expansion tube. Results are presented which demonstrate the expansion tunnel offers several advantages over the expansion tube, but the severity of the disadvantages of the tunnel makes the expansion tube mode of operation the more desirable for performing hypersonic-hypervelocity aerothermodynamic studies of proposed entry configurations.
Viruses and mammalian chromosomes IV. Replication of herpes simplex virus in diploid Chinese hamster cells

Abstract Diploid Chinese hamster cells are less susceptible to herpes simplex virus than are primary cells derived from young rabbit kidneys. Study of the most sensitive Chinese hamster cell-virus system revealed a 12-hour latent period; at that time, intranuclear inclusion bodies and both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virus antigen could be detected. Newly synthesized infectious virus was detected 2 hours later and continued to increase until 24 hours after inoculation of the cultures. A study of the replicative site of virus nucleic acid failed to reveal specific sites of synthesis on the chromosomes. Nevertheless, virus replication is necessary for the induction of the chromosomal aberrations previously observed for noninfective virus was unable to induce such chromosomal changes. However, the aberrations are not caused by synthesis of the viral nucleic acid at or near the broken or uncoiled areas on the chromosomes.
Aortic sepsis: is there a role for in situ graft reconstruction?

Abstract Conventional extraanatomic reconstruction for aortic sepsis is associated with a significant risk of operative death, as well as frequent late complications. We evaluated in situ aortic grafting in the treatment of primary or graft-related aortic infection. Eleven selected patients underwent in situ aortic graft reconstruction in the setting of mycotic aneurysm ( n = 5), secondarily infected aortic aneurysm ( n = 1), primary aortoenteric fistula ( n = 1), and secondary aortoenteric fistula ( n = 4). All patients survived: follow-up from 10 to 130 months reveals no evidence for graft thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, new or recurrent aortoenteric fistula, or subsequent aortic operations in any patient. A literature review produced 110 cases of aortic sepsis managed by in situ aortic reconstruction during the last decade. Thirty-two patients (29%) either died in the operative period or suffered a lethal late complication associated with their aortic reconstruction. This mortality rate declined to 21% if patients undergoing incomplete removal of a contaminated graft were excluded, and to 19% with the addition of our 11 patients. Both our experience and that described in the literature suggest that, in properly-selected patients, in situ aortic graft replacement may be a rational treatment option for localized or circumscribed aortic sepsis. (J VASC SURG 1991;13:677-84.)
Medical care costs: how much welfare loss?

Hardly a week goes by without a front-page newspaper article on rising health care costs and the uninsured. In this article, I focus mainly on costs, arguing that the issue has been somewhat misconceived: while the level of medical care spending in the U.S. is a cause for concern, the welfare losses associated with rises in that level of spending may not be as large as the public rhetoric can make them seem. In fact, cost containment may not be as urgent as is widely supposed, and some proposed "cost containment" policies may result in welfare losses for the insured and even increase the number of uninsured
Chemical and electrical passivation of Si(1 1 1) surfaces

Abstract This paper compares the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen-passivated Si(1 1 1) single crystalline surfaces prepared by two main chemical preparation procedures. The modified RCA cleaning is commonly used to prepare atomically flat stable surfaces that are easily identifiable spectroscopically and are the standard for chemical functionalization of silicon. On the other hand electronic properties of these surfaces are sometimes difficult to control. A much simpler silicon surface preparation procedure includes HF dipping for a short period of time. This procedure yields an atomically rough surface, whose chemical identity is not well-defined. However, the surfaces prepared by this approach often exhibit exceptionally attractive electronic properties as determined by long charge carrier lifetimes. This work utilizes infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate chemical modification of the surfaces prepared by these two different procedures with PCl 5 (leading to surface chlorination) and with short- and long-alkyl-chain alkenes (1-decene and 1-octodecene, respectively) and follows the electronic properties of the starting surfaces produced by measuring charge-carrier lifetimes.
Intravenous high-dose methadone administered by patient controlled analgesia and continuous infusion for the treatment of cancer pain refractory to high-dose morphine

The management of severe tumor-related pain in the patient with cancer may be problematic. Systemically administered opioids remain the cornerstone of treatment for moderate to severe cancer pain, while parenteral routes should be considered for patients who require rapid onset of analgesia, and for highly tolerant patients whose dose requirements cannot be conveniently administered. The use of intravenous methadone by patient controlled analgesia (PCA) is attractive for the management of severe, intractable cancer pain and may offer some advantages over morphine. We describe the safe and effective use of high-dose intravenous methadone by PCA and continuous infusion for a patient with intractable tumor-associated cancer pain who experienced inadequate pain control and dose-limiting side-effects with high-dose intravenous morphine.
H-alpha observations of the August 12, 1975 Type III-RS bursts

We present H-alpha filtergram observations of a number of the Type III-RS (reverse slope) bursts that occurred on August 12, 1975. Solar radio emission was peculiar on that date in that a large number, and proportion, of the usually rare reverse slope bursts were observed (Tarnstrom and Zehntner, 1975). We show that the radio bursts coincide in time with a homologous set of H-alpha flares located at the limbward edge of spot group Mt. Wilson 19598. We propose a model in which the reverse slope bursts are the downward branches of U bursts, whose upward branches are hidden behind the coronal density enhancement over the spot group.
Theoretical model for a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter

A model for the Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter is presented. The model predicts a bandwidth of 0.6 GHz and a transmission peak of 0.98 for a filter operating on the Cs (D2) line. The model includes hyperfine effects and is valid for arbitrary magnetic fields.
Forming a consortium: a design for interagency collaboration in the delivery of service following the disclosure of incest.

A central issue in the treatment of intrafamilial sexual abuse is the "secondary trauma" experienced by both the victimized child and her family when the wider system of regulatory and treatment agencies present redundant, incongruent, or conflicting perspectives and demands. This article describes an attempt to effect second-order change through formation of a consortium of regulatory and treatment agencies to develop a consistent and coordinated response to the disclosure of sexual abuse. Feminist, social constructionist, and organizational development ideas are used to develop principles of intersubjectivity, collaboration and a "both-and" stance, which have guided both the clinical and wider systems work. Language: en
Molecular Evolution of the tprC, D, I, K, G, and J Genes in the Pathogenic Genus Treponema

We investigated the evolution of 6 genes from the Treponema pallidum repeat (tpr) gene family, which encode potential virulence factors and are assumed to have evolved through gene duplication and gene conversion events. The 6 loci (tprC, D, G, J, I, and K) were sequenced and analyzed in several members of the genus Treponema, including the 3 subspecies of human T. pallidum (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, pertenue, and endemicum), Treponema paraluiscuniculi (rabbit syphilis), and the unclassified Fribourg-Blanc (simian) isolate. Phylogenetic methods, recombination analysis, and measures of nucleotide diversity were used to investigate the evolutionary history of the tpr genes. Numerous instances of gene conversion were detected by all 3 methods including both homogenizing gene conversion that involved the entire length of the sequence as well as site-specific conversions that affected smaller regions. We determined the relative age and directionality of the gene conversion events whenever possible. Our data are also relevant to a discussion of the evolution of the treponemes themselves. Higher levels of variation exist between the human subspecies than within them, supporting the classification of the human treponemes into 3 subspecies. In contrast to published theories, the divergence and diversity of T. pallidum subsp. pertenue relative to the other subspecies does not support a much older origin of yaws at the emergence of modern human, nor is the level of divergence seen in T. pallidum subsp. pallidum consistent with a very recent (< 500 years) origin of this subspecies. In general, our results demonstrate that intragenomic recombination has played a significant role in the evolution of the studied tpr genes and emphasize that efforts to infer evolutionary history of the treponemes can be complicated if past recombination events are not recognized.
A novel technique for salvaging a dislodged lumen-apposing metal stent during creation of an endoscopic gastrojejunostomy

The development of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) has allowed endoscopic bypass for nonsurgical patients. Stent dislodgement during deployment is a dreaded adverse event. We present a case of a 90-year-old man with groove pancreatitis and gastric outlet obstruction, refractory to balloon dilation, who presented for endoscopic bypass.
Early warning against airborne radioactivity in Bavaria: Measuring network for radioactive immissions

Abstract During the Chernobyl accident it became evident that there was no up to date information of the radiological situation in Bavaria as a whole. Therefore an online measuring network was implemented, which provides radioactivity data around the clock from all over Bavaria. It comprises measuring devices for gamma-dose rate, airborne aerosol and iodine activity and precipitation. The data are processed in accessory computers and transferred to the main network computers in Augsburg by means of a subcenter computer at the site of the IfR-station. Alarm levels are low in order to have an early warning against airborne radioactivity. New techniques for remote maintenance of the measuring devices and nuclide identification are being planned and tested.
Detection and location of intermittent faults by monitoring carrier signal channel behavior of electrical interconnection system

Intermittent faults in electrical interconnect system are short duration transients which would be completely missed by traditional monitoring and protection schemes but are the incipient events of a precursor of permanent faults to come. Due to random and non-reproducible nature, the intermittent faults are the most frustrating, elusive, and expensive faults to detect and locate in wiring systems. The novel approach of the author injects a modulated signal or carrier at one location of electrical wire system and diagnoses the health status of the wire by measuring the error rate of the carrier signal at another location of the system. This paper describes the carrier signal technology and its methods devised for detection and location of faults. The paper also reports the functionally tests of the proto board system of the proposed methods. The results demonstrate remarkable consistency in the error rates with staged fault conditions and clear discriminatory capability of locating faulted segment. Monitoring of the disruption of carrier signal over electrical wire between a transmitter and a receiver provides the most effective tool for continuously watching the wire system for detecting and locating the random, unpredictable intermittent faults, the harbingers of disastrous electrical failure.
Coregulation in Romantic Partners’ Attachment Styles: A Longitudinal Investigation

The goal of the present research was to examine the coregulation of partner-specific attachment security in romantic relationships. We studied a sample of 172 couples 5 times over 1 year. At each assessment wave, partners independently completed a self-report measure of their security in the relationship. We operationalized attachment coregulation both as direct impacts (i.e., prospective effects of one partner on the other) and coordination (i.e., correlated changes across time). Results indicated that, after taking into account people's prototypical levels of security, changes in security were coordinated within couples.
Graphical search and replace

Graphical search is a technique for finding all instances of a graphical pattern in a synthetic picture in which objects are regions bounded by lines and curves. The pattern may descirbe shape, color and other properties. Matched objects may be allowed to differ from the pattern in rotation and scale or may differ in shape by a specified tolerance. Graphical replace is a technique for replacing the shape, color, or other properties of matched objects with new properties described in a replacement pattern. Combined, the two techniques are similar to textual search and replace in text editors. Graphical search and replace can be used to make global changes to illustrations with repetitive patterns, independent of the means used to make those patterns. It can also be used to create a class of iterative or recursive shapes that can be specified by replacement rules.
LEPECHINIA ROSSII (LAMIACEAE), A NARROW ENDEMIC FROM THE WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

ABSTRACT Lepechinia rossii (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species narrowly endemic to the western Transverse Ranges of southern California. It is a member of section Calycinae, which includes four additional species endemic to California and adjacent Baja California, Mexico—L. calycina, L. cardiophylla, L. fragrans, L. ganderi—and L. mexicana, an anomalous, and probably unrelated, species from central Mexico. Lepechinia rossii is most readily distinguished from other members of section Calycinae by geniculate inflorescence axes, bent at 60–90° angles relative to the subtending stems, and by large, foliaceous inflorescence bracts which are generally equaling or exceeding their adjacent flowers in length, and little reduced distally. At present, two populations are documented, one in the Liebre Mountains (Los Angeles County) and one in the Topatopa Mountains (Ventura County), both occurring in chaparral, on public lands administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Conservation concerns include habitat degrad...
No exit strategy? No problem: APC inhibits beta-catenin inside the nucleus.

The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli, APC, plays a critical role in regulating the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells in different tissues, including the colon. Heterozygous germline mutations in the APC gene predispose individuals to the development of colon cancer at a young age, and somatic mutations inactivating both APC alleles are associated with the majority of nonhereditary colon cancers. The best-established function of the APC protein is to negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by antagonizing the function of -catenin, a dedicated transcriptional coactivator of Wnt target genes in the nucleus. The current model for the regulation of -catenin by APC rests on the ability of APC to bind with -catenin in the nucleus and export it out into the cytoplasm for targeted ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. A report in the previous issue of Genes & Development Sierra et al. (2006) points to a separate mechanism for APC regulation of -catenin—repressing it on the chromatin.
New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator‐transfer agents (inifers). XIII. Influence of lewis acid strength and counteranion stability on the synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes

Efforts have been made to prepare perfect terminally functional linear telechelic polyisobutylenes with various Lewis acid coinitiators, BCl3, AlCl3, TiCl4, SnCl4, VCl4, and SbCl5. However, the expected desirable results (Fn = 2.0, Mw/Mn = 1.5) were obtained only with BCl3. Moreover, the concentration of BCl3 affects the molecular weight of telechelic polyisobutylenes prepared by the inifer technique. The Kennedy–Smith inifer mechanism is insufficient to explain these observations. Extending this model by the concept of counteranion stability, of Heublein et al.,5 and assuming the participation of free ions and ion pairs in propagation and termination, led to a satisfactory mechanistic model. The exceptional utility of the BCl3/BCl⊖ system is due to the high Lewis acid strength of BCl3 and low counteranion stability of BCl⊖.
Relative-error bound for discrete balanced stochastic truncation

Fundamental differences between discrete-time balanced stochastic truncation (BST) and its continuous-time counterpart are shown to preclude a straightforward application of bilinear mappings for directly generalizing existing continuous-time error bounds. Nevertheless, discrete-time BST is shown to satisfy precisely the same Lk error bound as continuous-time BST, although the discrete-time derivations are somewhat more complex.
Addition of perfluorocarbons to alginate hydrogels significantly impacts molecular transport and fracture stress

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used in biomaterial formulations to increase oxygen (O(2) ) tension and create a homogeneous O(2) environment in three-dimensional tissue constructs. It is unclear how PFCs affect mechanical and transport properties of the scaffold, which are critical for robustness, intracellular signaling, protein transport, and overall device efficacy. In this study, we investigate composite alginate hydrogels containing a perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) emulsion stabilized with Pluronic(®) F68 (F68). We demonstrate that PFC addition significantly affects biomaterial properties and performance. Solution and hydrogel mechanical properties and transport of representative hydrophilic (riboflavin), hydrophobic (methyl and ethyl paraben), and protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) solutes were compared in alginate/F68 composite hydrogels with or without PFOB. Our results indicate that mechanical properties of the alginate/F68/PFOB hydrogels are not significantly affected under small strains, but a significant decrease fracture stress is observed. The effective diffusivity D(eff) of hydrophobic small molecules decreases with PFOB emulsion addition, yet the D(eff) of hydrophilic small molecules remained unaffected. For BSA, the D(eff) increased and the loading capacity decreased with PFOB emulsion addition. Thus, a trade-off between the desired increased O(2) supply provided by PFCs and the mechanical weakening and change in transport of cellular signals must be carefully considered in the design of biomaterials containing PFCs.
Shape-based discriminative analysis of combined bilateral hippocampi using multiple object alignment

Shape analysis of hippocampi in schizophrenia has been preformed previously using the spherical harmonic SPHARM description. In these studies, the left and right hippocampi are aligned independently and the spatial relation between them is not explored. This paper presents a new SPHARM-based technique which examines not only the individual shape information of the two hippocampi but also the spatial relation between them. The left and right hippocampi are treated as a single shape configuration. A ploy-shape alignment algorithm is developed for aligning configurations of multiple SPHARM surfaces as follows: (1) the total volume is normalized; (2) the parameter space is aligned for creating the surface correspondence; (3) landmarks are created by a uniform sampling of multiple surfaces for each configuration; (4) a quaternion-based algorithm is employed to align each landmark representation to the mean configuration through the least square rotation and translation iteratively until the mean converges. After applying the poly-shape alignment algorithm, a point distribution model is applied to aligned landmarks for feature extraction. Classification is performed using Fisher's linear discriminant with an effective feature selection scheme. Applying the above procedure to our hippocampal data (14 controls versus 25 schizophrenics, all right-handed males), we achieve the best cross-validation accuracy of 92%, supporting the idea that the whole shape configuration of the two hippocampi provides valuable information in detecting schizophrenia. The results of an ROC analysis and a visualization of discriminative patterns are also included.
Hierarchical topological sorting of apparent loops via partitioning

Topological sorting (rank ordering) is a highly useful technique for ordering a set of objects according to a precedence relation, producing an ordered list suitable for processing. Applications for topological sorting include compiled logic simulation and timing analysis. While topological sorting is easily accomplished for flat combinational logic networks, hierarchical logic can be difficult to order because feedback may appear in the hierarchical representation even though it is not present in an equivalent flattened representation. This paper presents a new general solution to this problem and describes an efficient algorithm for topological sorting even in the presence of such apparent loops. Its application to hierarchical functional simulation of combinational and synchronous sequential logic is also discussed. >
Rapid Adaptive Needs Assessment (RANA) water quality kit

Natural disasters often damage water infrastructure and inhibit access to clean water in affected areas. Military organizations, including the United States Army, are frequently among the first respondents in the humanitarian aid effort. The U.S. Army currently operates a project that aims to purify local water sources to restore water and sanitation in affected areas. This Capstone project developed a prototype of a Rapid Adaptive Needs Assessment (RANA) kit to better measure water quality during the first 72 hours after a natural disaster. The data from the RANA kits will help the Army to better identify the quality of water sources to determine which sources are optimal for purification. This paper outlines the design process of the RANA kit and the recommendations for continued development and implementation of the kit.
Expanding The Situationist Challenge To Responsibilist Virtue Epistemology

The last few decades have witnessed the birth and growth of both virtue epistemology and the situationist challenge to virtue ethics. It seems only natural that eventually we would see the situationist challenge to virtue epistemology. This article articulates one aspect of that new challenge by spelling out an argument against the responsibilist brand of virtue epistemology. The trouble can be framed as an inconsistent triad: (non-skepticism) many people know quite a bit; (responsibilism) knowledge is true belief acquired and retained through the exercise of intellectual virtue; (epistemic situationism) most people do not possess the intellectual virtues countenanced by responsibilism. Non-skepticism is a Moorean platitude we should aim to preserve at most if not all costs. I muster evidence from cognitive and social psychology to argue for epistemic situationism. If my argument is correct, responsibilism must be revised or rejected, and reliabilists should avoid incorporating responsibilist components into their theories.
Development of improved versatile broad-host-range vectors for use in methylotrophs and other Gram-negative bacteria

Full exploitation of the information available in bacterial genome sequences requires the availability of facile tools for rapid genetic manipulation. One bacterium for which new genetic tools are needed is the methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. IncQ and small IncP vectors were shown to be unsuitable for use in this bacterium, but a spontaneous mutant of a small IncP plasmid was isolated that functioned efficiently in M. extorquens AM1. This plasmid was sequenced and used as a base for developing improved broad-host-range cloning vectors. These vectors were found to replicate in a wide variety of bacterial species and have the following advantages: (1) high copy number in Escherichia coli; (2) small size (7.2 and 8.0 kb); (3) complete sequences; (4) variety of unique restriction sites; (5) blue-white screening via lacZalpha; (6) conjugative mobilization between bacterial species; and (7) readily adaptable into species-specific promoter-probe and expression vectors. Two low-background promoter-probe vectors were constructed based on these cloning vectors with either lacZ or xylE as reporter genes; these were shown to report gene expression effectively in M. extorquens AM1. Specific expression vectors were developed for use in M. extorquens AM1, which were shown to express foreign genes at significant levels, and a simple strategy is outlined to develop specific expression vectors for other bacteria. The strong mxaF promoter was used for expression, since E. coli lac-derived promoters were expressed at very low levels. This suite of genetic tools will enable a more sophisticated analysis of the physiology of M. extorquens AM1, and these vectors should also be valuable tools in the study of a variety of bacterial species.
Blind multi-channel source separation by circular-linear statistical modeling of phase differences

We address the problem of blind separation of speech signals with a microphone array. We demonstrate that a signal propagating towards the array at an angle corresponds to interchannel phase difference (IPD) data that lies on a wrapped line (i.e helix) in a circular-linear domain. Thus, the problem reduces to that of fitting helices to data that lies on a cylinder. However, outliers abound because of reverberation, noise, and signal overlap in the time-frequency domain, so we perform the clustering with a sequential variant of Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC). We show that this method can easily be applied to arrays with many microphones and that it is robust in reverberant experimental conditions.
Structural/functional analysis of the human OXR1 protein: identification of exon 8 as the anti-oxidant encoding function

Background The human OXR1 gene belongs to a class of genes with conserved functions that protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). The gene was found using a screen of a human cDNA library by its ability to suppress the spontaneous mutator phenotype of an E. coli mutH nth strain. The function of OXR1 is unknown. The human and yeast genes are induced by oxidative stress and targeted to the mitochondria; the yeast gene is required for resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Multiple spliced isoforms are expressed in a variety of human tissues, including brain.
NEONATAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. II. THE EEG OF THE HIGH RISK INFANT.

Summary 1. One hundred and ninety-four clinically normal infants have been studied with 377 EEG's. 2. Spike and sharp wave patterns were associated more frequently in those infants subject to a higher obstetrical risk. 3. Further studies must be performed to correlate the EEG with the developing neurologic picture.