cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concepts for Telephone-Based Health Education.

A key challenge facing cancer educators is the extent to which effective programmes can be widely disseminated and implemented. Differences between target populations with respect to social, psychological, and educational characteristics, as well as the social and economic context make it difficult to replicate 'cookbook' approaches. Tailoring of communications has mitigated this problem to some degree, but the heterogeneity of target populations is still an impediment. In this paper the authors, therefore, propose guidelines that may be useful in implementing cancer education for a variety of populations and settings.
Early diabetes as a model for testing the regulation of juxtaglomerular NOS I.

Dysregulation of kidney nitric oxide synthase (NOS) I may alter renal hemodynamics in diabetes. Four types of studies were performed in anesthetized 1- to 2-wk-streptozotocin diabetic rats. 1) Glom...
Leverhulme Lecture: The Global Financial Crisis and Systemic Risk

This lecture examines the causes of the global financial crisis, showing it was triggered by market failures, not by financial institution failures, and arguing that any regulatory framework for managing systemic risk must address markets as well as institutions. The lecture also analyzes how regulation should be designed under that broader framework to mitigate systemic risk and its consequences. Finally, the lecture examines the potential systemic effects of sovereign debt crises, demonstrating how regulation can mitigate those effects.
DOES AN AUTOPARASITOID DISRUPT HOST SUPPRESSION PROVIDED BY A PRIMARY PARASITOID

Theory predicts that intraguild consumers such as predators or parasitoids may displace more specialized heterospecific competitors and thereby actually increase the population densities of a shared host or prey. We tested this idea with a native primary parasitoid, Eretmocerus eremicus, and an exotic autoparasitoid Encarsia sophia, both at- tacking the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Autoparasitoids are intraguild consumers that attack and kill both the immature stages of hemipteran hosts, such as whiteflies, and heterospecific and conspecific parasitoids. In population cages on cotton plants in the field in 1997 and 1998, we introduced whiteflies and then parasitoids in a replacement design with constant total numbers of parasitoids, as follows: (1) control (whiteflies only), (2) E. eremicus only, (3) E. sophia only, and (4) both E. eremicus and E. sophia. Destructive samples of plants were taken 2, 4, and 6 wk after wasp releases, and immature whitefly and wasp stages were censused. In 1997, there were no significant differences in whitefly densities among treatments. In 1998, the control treatment densities were significantly greater than parasitoid treatments, but there was no difference among the parasitoid treatments, indicating equivalent sup- pression of whitefly populations by the two parasitoid species. In both years, similar patterns in parasitoid dynamics were observed. Densities of E. eremicus were significantly higher in the absence of E. sophia. In contrast, E. sophia densities were unaffected by the presence of E. eremicus. The results suggest that interference by the autoparasitoid reduced primary parasitoid density, but with no concommitant disruption of host suppression. The results support theoretical predictions that no disruption should occur when both parasitoids are equally efficient and suggest that an autoparasitoid may be as efficient as a primary par- asitoid in suppressing host densities.
The effect of maturity and variety on the content of the major organic acids of the green pea (pisum sativum)

The content of the major organic acids of 6 cultivars of green pea at a range of maturities was determined. On a fresh weight basis the changes in the acids were small except for citrate which rose and then fell again. Ten other varieties of pea were examined at one maturity and a two- to threefold range in content of the individual acids was found. 5-oxoproline, found in large amounts in the young samples, was shown to be an artifact produced from glutamine during killing and analysis.
Magnetization and critical currents of tin-core multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn conductors

Critical current and magnetization data are presented for some multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn wires that have been produced by the internal-tin method. A comparison of magnetization and transport critical current measurements shows that filament bridging during heat treatment is a common occurrence leading to effective filament diameters that are sometimes an order of magnitude larger than the geometrical filament size. At present J/sub c/'s (in the noncopper region) greater than 1300 A/mm/sup 2/ at 10 T have been achieved in some conductors, which also exhibit high losses. Low losses have only been seen in conductors with a high local ratio of copper to niobium. The use of (Nb-1%Ti) alloy instead of pure Nb helps to reduce low-field loss and increase high-field J/sub c./ Measurements of the temperature dependence of hysteretic loss to 5 T indicate that loss decreases linearly with increasing temperature.
Efficient order recursive algorithms for multichannel least squares filtering

Four efficient order-recursive algorithms for least-squares (LS) multichannel FIR filtering and multivariable system identification are developed. The need for such algorithms arises when the system model assigns an unequal number of delay elements to each input channel. All proposed schemes provide considerable improvements over overparametrization or the zero padding approach. First, a block-structures algorithm is derived. It operates on boxes, or blocks, whose dimensions successively increase until their size equals the number of input channels. As a result, it requires linear system solvers and matrix multiplications. The second algorithm manages to get free of block operations by proper decomposition of each block step involved in the first method into a number of scalar steps equal to the size of the block. The third and the fourth algorithms provide highly concurrent alternatives that reduce processing time by an order magnitude. An illustrative example from multichannel autoregressive spectral estimation is supplied. >
Order-preserving clustering and its application to gene expression data

Clustering of ordered data sets is a common problem faced in many pattern recognition tasks. Existing clustering methods either fail to capture the data or use restrictive models such as HMMs or AR models to model the data. In this paper, we present a general order-preserving clustering algorithm that allows arbitrary patterns of data evolution by representing each ordered set as a curve. Clustering of the data then reduces to grouping curves based on shape similarity. We develop a novel measure of shape similarity between curves using scale-space distance. Shape similarity or dis-similarity is judged by composing the higher-dimensional curves from constituent curves and noting the additional twists and turns in such curves that can be attributed to shape differences. An algorithm analogous to K-means clustering is then developed that uses prototypical curves for cluster representation. Results are demonstrated on the ordered gene expression data sets obtained from gene chips.
A Fiber Bundle Approach to the Transpositional Relations in Nonholonomic Mechanics

The equations of nonholonomic mechanics may be derived using a number of variational principles. This paper studies some of these principles from the contemporary geometric point of view, taking into account various bundle structures that are intrinsically present in the nonholonomic setting.
Symptom assessment in elderly cancer patients receiving palliative care.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine the concordance of symptom assessment among the multiple raters in French-speaking elderly patients with an advanced cancer benefiting from palliative care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in a geriatric hospital with palliative care specificity. During 6 months, patient, nurse and physician completed the Edmonton symptom assessment system on two consecutive days. RESULTS: 42 patients with an advanced oncological disease were included. Mean age was 72+/-9.04 (range 52-88) and 23 were females. Mean mini mental status examination (MMSE) was 27.5+/-1.6. First assessment was completed at a median of day 8 after admission. Nurses, physicians and patients assessments were reproducible between days 1 and 2 (P>0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient significantly associated nurse assessment with patient assessment for pain, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite and wellbeing (P<0.05). Physician assessment was associated with patient assessment for pain, depression, drowsiness, appetite, wellbeing and shortness of breath (P<0.05). However, regression analysis looking for patient score from both physicians and nurses scores weakly correlated all these factors (R2<0.6), except for appetite (R2 for day 1/day 2: 0.79/0.64). CONCLUSIONS: French-speaking elderly cancer patients without cognitive failure and in stable general condition are consistent in their symptom assessment, and they have to be considered as the gold standard. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary assessment is probably a valid surrogate to self-assessment by the patient but only when the latter is truly impossible.
A Definition of Church History

TO define anything in these days is an unpopular task. To define is to limit, and we are to-day impatient of limits of any kind. The vast expansion of our outlook resulting from a world-shaking political upheaval has reacted upon our social, our economic and our philosophic thought. We respond as seldom before, to every manner of high, generous, broad, liberal suggestions. We repel as unworthy of such spacious days whatever suggests narrowness, commonplaceness, selfishness. We forget easily that breadth may be purchased at a sacrifice of depth, loftiness at the price of a solid footing upon the earth, and generosity by throwing away the things that make us strong for righteous dealing.
Cellular Senescence, Telomerase, and Cancer in Human Cells

The field of cellular gerontology, studying aging at the cellular level, was pioneered by Leonard Hayflick. Almost 50 years ago, he discovered that cultured normal human cells have a limited capacity to divide, after which they become senescent. The most convincing evidence that normal human cells have a finite lifespan came from several elegant experiments that he performed while working with Paul Moorhead (Hayflick, 1965; Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961). While culturing primary human fibroblasts, they observed and described three phases of life for a cell population: Phase I—the primary culture, Phase II—months of copious cell growth and division, and Phase III—the period when cell replication diminished and ultimately stopped (Hayflick andMoorhead, 1961). To support the idea that normal human cells have a limited number of divisions, Hayflick and Moorhead cultured three separate populations of human fibroblasts simultaneously: one derived from a male at population doubling (PD) 14, one derived from a female at PD 10, and one that contained an equal number of male (PD 14) and female (PD 10) fibroblasts. When the older unmixed male-derived cell population stopped dividing, they investigated the mixed population and discovered that only female cells were present (Hayflick andMoorhead, 1961). Besides providing additional evidence that cells have a limited lifespan, this experiment demonstrated that the older cells
Microwave phase conjugation using antenna arrays

A technique has been developed and tested for achieving phase conjugation in the microwave and millimeter-wave regime. The effective nonlinearity required for this phase-conjugation process is provided by electronic mixing elements feeding an array of antennas. Using these balanced mixing circuits in conjunction with a one-dimensional array antenna, we have demonstrated two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation at 10.24 GHz. A critical factor of this technique is the delivery of a 2/spl omega/ pump signal to each array element with the same phase. Two types of interconnects, electrical and a more versatile optical technique, have been implemented to distribute the pump signal in our demonstrations. In both systems, two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation was observed and verified by directly measuring the electric-field amplitude and phase distribution under various conditions. The electric-field wave-fronts exhibited retro-directivity and the auto-correction characteristics of phase conjugation. Furthermore, these experiments have shown amplified conjugate-wave power up to ten times of that of the incoming wave. This amplifying ability demonstrates the potential of such arrays to be used in novel communications applications.
Control of CNS midline transcription by asymmetric E-box-like elements: similarity to xenobiotic responsive regulation

Central nervous system midline cells constitute a discrete group of Drosophila embryonic cells with numerous functional and developmental roles. Corresponding to their separate identity, the midline cells display patterns of gene expression distinct from the lateral central nervous system. A conserved 5 base pair sequence (ACGTG) was identified in central nervous system midline transcriptional enhancers of three genes. Germ-line transformation experiments indicate that this motif forms the core of an element required for central nervous system midline transcription. The central nervous system midline element is related to the mammalian xenobiotic response element, which regulates transcription of genes that metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons. These data suggest a model whereby related basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS proteins interact with asymmetric E-box-like target sequences to control these disparate processes.
The Softer Side of Collision

I was driving with Samir, a Palestinian taxi driver from East Jerusalem, past a small family hotel in West Jerusalem, whose ad hoc synagogue my father sometimes attended. The hotel reminded Samir of a certain period in his life. It began when he was stopped by a Haredi (Jewish ultra-orthodox) woman near Sabbath Square. She sat in the back. They talked. Then they joked. Then he booked into this hotel. “I came out of the shower, and she was on the couch. We started fooling around. Then I almost had a heart attack-her head came off in my hands!”
Metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogen: sensing, adapting and competing

Our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis is dominated by the cell biology of the host-pathogen interaction. However, the majority of metabolites that are used in prokaryotic and eukaryotic physiology and signalling are chemically similar or identical. Therefore, the metabolic crosstalk between pathogens and host cells may be as important as the interactions between bacterial effector proteins and their host targets. In this Review we focus on host-pathogen interactions at the metabolic level: chemical signalling events that enable pathogens to sense anatomical location and the local physiology of the host; microbial metabolic pathways that are dedicated to circumvent host immune mechanisms; and a few metabolites as central points of competition between the host and bacterial pathogens.
Vulcanization of GR-S by the Peachey Process

Abstract It has been found possible to vulcanize GR-S synthetic rubber by subjecting it alternately to hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gases. This method for curing, known as the Peachey process, was used for natural rubber as long ago as 1921. A simple apparatus was constructed, in which strips of thinly milled rubber were placed on a screen inside a glass tube. One end of this tube was attached to valves connecting it to tanks of hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and air, respectively. The other end of the tube led to a series of traps containing solutions which absorbed or destroyed the gases. For each test performed, natural rubber samples were placed inside the tube along with the GR-S samples for comparison. Each strip was weighed before it was inserted in the apparatus. Hydrogen sulfide was first slowly passed over the samples for a period of five minutes. Then air was blown through for a few seconds—just long enough to free the surroundings from the sulfide gas, but not long enough for the gas...
Toxic Groundwater Contaminants: An Overlooked Contributor to Urban Stream Syndrome?

Screening for common groundwater contaminants was performed along eight urban stream reaches (100s-1000s of m) at approximately 25-75 cm below the streambeds. Four sites had known or suspected chlorinated-solvent plumes; otherwise no groundwater contamination was known previously. At each site, between 5 and 22 contaminants were detected at levels above guideline concentrations for the preservation of aquatic life, while several others were detected at lower levels, but which may still indicate some risk. Contaminants of greatest concern include numerous metals (Cd, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr, U), arsenic, various organics (chlorinated and petroleum), nitrate and ammonium, and chloride (road salt likely), with multiple types occurring at each site and often at the same sampling location. Substantial portions of the stream reaches (from 40 to 88% of locations sampled) possessed one or more contaminants above guidelines. These findings suggest that this diffuse and variable-composition urban groundwater contamination is a toxicity concern for all sites and over a large portion of each study reach. Synergistic toxicity, both for similar and disparate compounds, may also be important. We conclude that groundwater contaminants should be considered a genuine risk to urban stream aquatic ecosystems, specifically benthic organisms, and may contribute to urban stream syndrome.
Clinical research of teaching pediatric nursing students

Objective:To study the issues concerning improving quality of teaching pediatric nursing students.Methods:On the basis of previous experience,pediatric nursing knowledge and skill education were given systematically including orientation training,morning questions,theoretical sessions,operation instructions,ward patrolling, skill assessment, ideological quality and professional education.Results:All the nursing students can meet the requirement of the teaching syllabus and grasp the essentials of pediatric nursing.Conclusion:Standardized and rigid teaching of nursing interns is feasible,which is beneficial for the improvement of teaching quality.
Dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of testicular perfusion in the rat

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has several theoretical advantages in the evaluation of spermatic cord torsion and testicular ischemia. The technique uses no ionizing radiation, has both excellent spatial and temporal resolution and, when used with an intravenous bolus of a paramagnetic contrast agent, provides a semiquantitative assessment of tissue perfusion and vascular injury. In clinical instances of testicular torsion, accurate estimates of tissue perfusion are desirable since testicular salvage is inversely related to the duration of torsion and the degree of tissue ischemia. Perfusion imaging of the rat testis was used as a model to demonstrate the potential use of MRI in the experimental and clinical analysis of disorders that affect blood flow to the testis.
Introduction: Biographical and Historical Contexts

Polish, not English, was the language Joseph Conrad grew up speaking. English wasn’t even his second language: French was. The fact that Conrad achieved fame in his third language is testimony to his genius — genius that could be contained neither by linguistic barriers nor by national boundaries. Early political persecution and exile failed to stifle it; even the loss of family and deep personal unhappiness could only restrain it temporarily.
Mathematical Modeling Supports the Hypothesis that Synaptotagmin Rings Clamp Fusion

Synaptotagmin (Syt) is a component of the cell's machinery that mediates membrane fusion during synaptic release and other fundamental processes. Syt is an integral membrane protein in synaptic vesicles with calcium binding domains C2A and C2B and binds SNARE proteins whose assembly drives fusion. SYT is the calcium sensor during evoked release, but the mechanisms are unclear. Recently, electron microscopy (EM) showed Syt C2AB domains spontaneously forming rings on negatively charged phospholipid monolayers. Ca2+disassembled the rings, suggesting Syt rings could serve as membrane spacers that clamp fusion by preventing SNARE assembly until the Ca2+ pulse, when their disassembly would trigger fusion (Wang et al, 2015).Here we used mathematical modeling to test the hypothesis that SYT rings form on target membranes and clamp fusion. We developed a coarse-grained model that incorporates features from the Syt crystal structure and treats the membranes in a dynamic triangulation scheme.The model showed that Syt monomers self-assemble into rings on monolayers, with poly-lysine SYT patches on the inner edge of the ring attracting and buckling the charged membrane. The model reproduced experimental ring size distributions and structures seen in EM: smaller rings produced dome-shaped membrane deformations, larger rings produced volcanoes, reflecting competition between membrane bending energy and unbinding energy from the substrate. Further, we find that docking of a SYT-containing vesicle will generate SYT rings on the target membrane (trans-binding) due to the charged PS and PIP2 components, consistent with the ring spacer clamping hypothesis. Interestingly, rings buckled the membrane towards the synaptic vesicle, a deformation that might be expected to promote fusion. Overall, we find that charged membranes promote formation of Syt rings that may clamp fusion, but the rings simultaneously deform membranes into potentially fusion-promoting shapes.
Epidemiologic differences in drug dependence--a US-UK cross-national comparison.

Background: Published epidemiologic survey statistics do not allow direct cross-national comparison of drug dependence in the US and the UK, primarily because of a lack of uniformity across case definitions and methods of case ascertainment. Aims: The current study sought to re-estimate these prevalence values after calibration of case definitions (i. e., imposing methodological constraints to unify case definitions), to identify suspected determinants, and also to investigate symptom profiles among active cases. Method: Analyses of data from the US National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and the UK Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity were conducted. Prevalence of active drug dependence symptoms was estimated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between suspected socio-demographic variables and drug dependence. Results: The prevalence of drug dependence was an estimated 1.4 % in the US and 0.5 % in the UK. This difference was somewhat attenuated when the effect of living in an urban setting was controlled. Symptom profiles among active cases were very similar. In both countries, being male, non-married, of a low socio-economic status (SES), and living in an urban setting were associated with an increased occurrence of drug dependence. Conclusion: There are US–UK differences in prevalence of active drug dependence beyond what available statistics imply and some of this difference can be explained by variations associated with living in urban and rural conditions.
Ruminal digestion and glycosyl linkage patterns of cell wall components from leaf and stem fractions of alfalfa, orchardgrass, and wheat straw.

Samples of alfalfa, orchardgrass, and wheat straw were hand-separated into leaf and stem fractions that were subjected to in situ ruminal fermentation for various lengths of time to assess the rate and extent of degradation of cell wall neutral monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetyl groups, and hydroxycinnamic acids. A second objective was to measure the glycosyl linkage patterns of leaf and stem fractions of substrates before and after ruminal fermentation. Samples were fermented for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h in each of two ruminally cannulated steers. In situ disappearance data were fitted to a first-order exponential equation to estimate the follow- ing substrate parameters: insoluble, potentially digestible fraction (fd), indigestible fraction ( fi), and fractional rate constant of degradation of the poten- tially digestible fraction (k) . Leaves contained larger concentrations of crude protein and smaller concentra- tions of cell wall components than did stem fractions. Estimates of fi were 7.3, 39.2, 22.1, 49.3, 27.7, and 36.3 for dry matter disappearances for alfalfa leaf, alfalfa stem, orchardgrass leaf, orchardgrass stem, wheat straw leaf, and wheat straw stem, respectively. Averaged across substrates, estimates of fi for arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, uronic acids, acetyl groups, and p-coumaric acid were 16.5, 11.4, 14.8, 31.2, 12.8, 25.3, and 22.6% in leaf fractions and 29.5, 19.9, 37.5, 56.2, 35.0, 52.4, and 44.6% in stem fractions. Rates of digestion of all monomeric compo- nents except galactose and xylose were greater (P < .05) for alfalfa than for orchardgrass or wheat straw. Differences in digestibility of cell wall components from leaf and stem fractions were greater in alfalfa and orchardgrass than in wheat straw. Glycosyl linkage analysis indicated that xylans in leaf and stem fractions of alfalfa, orchardgrass leaf, and wheat straw stem that resisted degradation had a lower degree of substitution with acid-labile constituents (i.e., other monosaccharides) than was found in original sub- strates. Different rates and extents of digestion of leaf and stem fractions of forages explain part, but not all, of the observed differences in digestibilities of cell wall monomers by ruminants.
Iodine Status Reflected by Urinary Concentrations: Comparison with the USA and Other Countries

This chapter focuses on the current urinary iodine data reflecting iodine intake in the United States and other countries. In the United States, iodine intake is mostly achieved through the consumption of dairy products and bread, due to the use of iodine as a sanitizing and feed supplement in the dairy industry and as a dough conditioner in bread. However, despite global efforts, many countries still remain mildly or severely iodine deficient. In the United States, iodine sufficiency is monitored by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Since 1971 the population iodine intake in the United States has been monitored by the NHANES I (1971–1974), NHANES III (1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2002. Data from the NHANES I–III surveys indicate that Americans are not an iodine-deficient population according to the WHO criteria. Nevertheless, some subpopulations are mild-to-moderately iodine deficient with median UI ≥100 μg/l and with a UI <50 μg/l in no more than 20% of the population. More than 25% of pregnant women and women of childbearing age had UI levels representing an iodine intake lower than the recommended level. The 2001–2002 survey results indicate that a mean of 3.6% of women 20–29 years of age have shifted to a range of women who are excreting less than 20 μg/l indicating a very low iodine intake, and 27% of women between the ages of 40–49 years to a range of women excreting less than 50 μg/l.
Preoperative assessment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.1 Resection or liver transplantation may be curative in patients with early-stage HCC but early recurrence is common.2, 3 Microvascular invasion (MVI) is one of the most important predictors of early recurrence.3 The identification of MVI prior to surgery would optimally select patients for potentially curative resection or liver transplant. However, MVI can only be diagnosed by microscopic assessment of the resected tumor. The aim of the present study is to apply CT-based texture analysis to identify pre-operative imaging predictors of MVI in patients with HCC. Texture features are derived from CT and analyzed individually as well as in combination, to evaluate their ability to predict MVI. A two-stage classification is employed: HCC tumors are automatically categorized into uniform or heterogenous groups followed by classification into the presence or absence of MVI. We achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 and accuracy of 76.7% for uniform lesions and AUC of 0.79 and accuracy of 74.06% for heterogeneous tumors. These results suggest that MVI can be accurately and objectively predicted from preoperative CT scans.
Managers as mentors in formal organizations : chapter 27

Globally, developing human resources in an organization is a priority. Human resources development offers the employees the ability to handle a variety of assignments in the workplace. Apart from the individual benefits, human resources development enhances the ability of an organization to compete and adapt to a changing competitive environment. In other to meet the goal of sustained competitive advantage, organizations over the years have designed a human resources development technique in which managers play the role of mentors to less experienced employees in the workplace.
Lobster in the Rain Forest: The Political Ecology of Miskito Wage Labor and Agricultural Deforestation

A political ecological research orientation elucidates the effects of Miskito wage work in the Honduran lobster export industry. Miskito wage labor conserves local rain forest by displacing agricultural deforestation pressure into wages. These wages, however, are earned in an industry that depletes Caribbean lobster populations and which increases risk of injury and death to divers. Key words: political ecology; deforestation; swidden agriculture; fisheries; conservation
A role for long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4) in diet-induced phospholipid remodeling and obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction.

Abstract Objective Regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is central to adipocyte dysfunction during diet-induced obesity (DIO). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4) has been hypothesized to modulate the metabolic fates of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA), but the in vivo actions of ACSL4 are unknown. The purpose of our studies was to determine the in vivo role of adipocyte ACSL4 in regulating obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. Methods We developed a novel mouse model with adipocyte-specific ablation of ACSL4 (Ad-KO) using loxP Cre recombinase technology. Metabolic phenotyping of Ad-KO mice relative to their floxed littermates (ACSL4floxed) was performed, including body weight and body composition over time; insulin and glucose tolerance tests; and energy expenditure, activity, and food intake in metabolic cages. Adipocytes were isolated for ex vivo adipocyte oxygen consumption by Clark electrode and lipidomics analysis. In vitro adipocyte analysis including oxygen consumption by Seahorse and real-time PCR analysis were performed to confirm our in vivo findings. Results Ad-KO mice were protected against DIO, adipocyte death, and metabolic dysfunction. Adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) had reduced incorporation of AA into phospholipids (PL), free AA, and levels of the AA lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Additionally, adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed HFD had reduced p53 activation and increased adipocyte oxygen consumption (OCR), which we demonstrated are direct effects of 4-HNE on adipocytes in vitro. Conclusion These studies are the first to elucidate ACSL4's in vivo actions to regulate the incorporation of AA into PL and downstream effects on DIO-associated adipocyte dysfunction. By reducing the incorporation of AA into PL and free fatty acid pools in adipocytes, Ad-KO mice were significantly protected against HFD-induced increases in adipose and liver fat accumulation, adipocyte death, gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, deficiency of adipocyte ACSL4 expression in mice fed a HFD resulted in increased gWAT adipocyte OCR and whole body energy expenditure (EE).
Imaging of Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands

The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are major salivary glands with a wide spectrum of pathologic conditions. The corresponding spaces along the floor of mouth have complex anatomy, best evaluated with cross-sectional imaging. The spectrum of diseases in these regions varies from simple infection to advanced malignancy, not just from the gland itself but also from the surrounding structures. The most common abnormalities in these spaces are inflammatory and infectious, and computed tomography is currently the most common imaging modality used. The anatomy of these spaces is much better depicted with MR; however, all the modalities have their unique roles.
Teachers' Attitudes Toward Technology in a Two-Way Dual-Language Program

This study examined the attitudes of nine teachers in a two-way dual-language program in regard to using technology to support the linguistic and academic development of emergent bilinguals. Using ...
The effect of fermentation products on enhanced biological phosphorus removal, polyphosphate storage, and microbial population dynamics

Using anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) it was found that pre-fermentation of influent glucose resulted in a microbial population capable of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Batch tests indicated the C 1 -C 5 carboxylic acids, except propionate, typically improved phosphorus removal. Branched molecules were superior to their linear isomers. The C 1 -C 5 alcohols did not affect removal. Glucose, propionate, and an amino-acid rich substrate were detrimental. Using NMR spectroscopy it was observed that intracellular forms and locations of phosphorus did not change regardless of the substrate received. Polyphosphate (polyP) was present throughout the cells at the end of aerobiosis. It then degraded to inorganic phosphate via a zero-order enzymatic reaction concentrated at the cell membrane. An anaerobic/aerobic SBR receiving starch, rather than glucose fermentation products, showed only marginal EBPR and did not respond to carboxylic acids or other substrates in batch tests. Pseudomonas and Bacillus were numerous in the glucose system but were not isolated from the starch system. Aeromonas were dominant in the starch system. Although the glucose system showed better phosphorus removal than the starch system, it also showed greater variability. Phosphorus removal varied in a chaotic, but bounded, manner, probably due to population dynamics.
Nutrients and autotrophs

The inclusion of living components in models of nutrient kinetics changes the nature of these models from the simple systems reviewed in Chapter 2, in which compartments were passive recipients of nutrient molecules and had no control over their rate of input. Living organisms grow and actively incorporate energy and nutrients into their own biomass and biomass of their progeny. They acquire these nutrients by either uptake from the abiotic environment or consumption from the biomass of other organisms in the food web. The movement of nutrients in food webs thus becomes largely determined by biological and ecological processes, which can be far more complex than the geochemical processes that otherwise control the movements of material elements.
Mindfulness as a Moderator of Clinician History of Trauma on Compassion Satisfaction

Compassion satisfaction is an understudied phenomenon in the counseling literature. The impact of a clinician’s history of trauma on compassion satisfaction and potential protective factors that ma...
Improving Self-Management and Care Coordination with Person-Generated Health Data and Mobile Health

Triggered by the advent of mobile health (mHealth) technologies such as smartphones and wearable devices, person-generated health data (PGHD) provides a great opportunity for health management and care. These technological advancements have generated great interest among both researchers and individuals, whether healthy or ill, in maintaining wellness, remediating illness, and increasing performance of the health system. This chapter describes the rise of PGHD, development of mHealth applications, and evolution of self-monitoring tools for chronic illness. Beginning with early research, this chapter explores evidence documenting rapid growth in this field.
Cognitive predictors of kindergarten achievement in African American children

Three aspects of cognition (fluid intelligence, executive functioning, and crystallized intelligence) in pre-K were examined as predictors of math and reading achievement in kindergarten among an economically diverse sample of 198 African American children. From a variable-centered perspective, confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the three aspects of cognition can be distinguished. Subsequent regression analyses indicated that only executive functioning and crystallized intelligence predicted math and reading achievement in kindergarten. From a person-centered perspective, three profiles of cognition were identified: low fluid and crystallized intelligence with average executive functioning, average abilities in all three areas, and high abilities in all three areas, but particularly higher in executive functioning. Children with low fluid and crystallized intelligence during pre-K had the lowest math and reading skills in kindergarten, whereas children with the highest cognitive skills had the highest math and reading skills in kindergarten. Together, the variable-centered and person-centered results suggest that perhaps there should be increased focus on crystallized intelligence in early education programs, policies, and interventions in addition to a focus on executive functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Abstract 121: Effects of Tethering Branches on Limb Flexion-induced Deformations of the Human Femoropopliteal Artery

Introduction: High failure rates of femoropopliteal artery (FPA) interventions are commonly attributed to severe mechanical deformations that occur with limb movement. Recent data demonstrate large...
Combining Emergent Constraints for Climate Sensitivity

A method is proposed for combining information from several emergent constraints into a probabilistic estimate for a climate sensitivity proxy $Y$ such as equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) or t...
Iodide-doped precious metal nanoparticles: measuring oxidative stress in vivo via photoacoustic imaging

Accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can induce cell damage and even cell death. RONS are short-lived species, which makes direct, precise, and real-time measurement difficult. Biologically-relevant RONS levels are in the nM–μM scale; hence, there is a need for highly sensitive RONS probes. We previously used hybrid gold-core silver-shell nanoparticles with mM sensitivity to H2O2. These particles reported the presence of RONS via spectral shifts which could easily be quantified via photoacoustic imaging. Here, we used halide doping to tune the electrochemical properties of these materials to better match the oxidation potential of RONS. This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of these AgI-coated gold nanorods (AgI/AuNR). The I : Ag molar ratio, pH, and initial Ag shell thickness were optimized for good RONS detection limits. Halide doping lowers the reduction potential of Ag from to resulting in a 1000-fold increase in H2O2 and 100 000-fold increase in ONOO− sensitivity. The AgI/AuNR system also etches 45-times faster than undoped Ag/AuNR. The AgI/AuNR easily reported the endogenously produced RONS in established cells lines as well as murine models.
Functional and early weight-bearing protocol for achilles tendon ruptures: a retrospective study

Conservative treatment of achilles tendon rupture (ATR) might be favoured in centres with an early weight-bearing protocol, but no consensus exists on the clear definition of an early weight-bearing protocol. The aim of this study is to evaluate the introduction of an early weight-bearing conservative treatment protocol in patients with ATR compared to patients without this protocol. A single-centre retrospective study was performed. All patients presenting with an ATR during a 10-year period were included. Between January 1st 2008 and December 31st 2015, all patients were included for either operative or conservative treatment without an early weight-bearing protocol (non-EWB). Between January 1st 2016 and 30th June 2019, patients were, primarily, treated conservatively with early weight-bearing protocol (EWB). A primary-outcome parameter was re-rupture, and secondary-outcome parameters were treatment-related complications. In the period 2008–2015, 246 patients were treated with non-EWB. In the period 2016–2019, 58 patients were treated conservatively with EWB. No significant differences were found in re-rupture rates between non-EWB (5.3%) and conservative EWB (6.9%) (p = 0.536) or conservative non-EWB (9.4%) and conservative EWB (6.9%) (p = 0.283). Pulmonary embolism (1.0%) and deep venous thrombosis (1.0%) were observed in operative non-EWB patients. In conservative EWB patients, superficial pressure ulcers (5.2%) and treatment failure (5.2%) were observed. Conservative treatment of ATR with an early weight-bearing protocol showed similar re-rupture rates and complication rates compared to conservative and operative treatments without an early weight-bearing protocol.
Modeling bio-atmospheric coupling of the nitrogen cycle through NOx emissions and NOy deposition

The tropospheric and terrestrial nitrogen cycles are connected to one another through the emissions of NOx and NHx from soils and vegetation and the subsequent redeposition of these compounds and their products elsewhere. These connections play an important role in the Earth system influencing tropospheric concentrations of NOx, O3, and CO2. Estimates of the biogenic sources of NOx, soil emissions and biomass burning, are amongst the most variable terms in the global budget of NOx and are eclipsed only by lightning. A 3-D chemistry transport model, IMAGES, was used to examine how soil emissions and biomass burning influence tropospheric concentrations of NOx and O3 as well as NOy deposition. Soil and biomass burning emissions of NOx contributed the most to atmospheric NOx concentrations closest to the surface and south of 30°N. The influence of these emissions on tropospheric O3 and NOx concentrations dissipated with height suggesting that these surface emissions are most important to surface ozone concentrations. The removal of either the soil or biomass burning source resulted in a 5-20% difference in tropospheric O3 concentrations over large regions of the atmosphere. Both sources are also important contributors to N deposition, particularly south of 30°N which, in turn, can generate significant carbon storage. These exercises demonstrate both the importance and complexity of the connections between atmospheric chemistry and the terrestrial biosphere.
The Analysis of Single-Case Research Data: Current Instructional Practices

Visual analysis is the predominant method of analysis in single-case research (SCR). However, most research suggests that agreement between visual analysts is poor, which may be due to a lack of clear guidelines and criteria for visual analysis, as well as variability in how individuals are trained. We developed a survey containing questions about the content and methods used to teach visual and statistical analysis of SCR data in verified course sequences (VCS) and distributed it via the VCS Coordinator Listserv. Thirty-seven instructors completed the survey. Results suggest that there is variability across instructors in some fundamental aspects of data analysis (e.g., number of effects required for a functional relation) but a great deal of consistency in others (e.g., emphasizing visual over statistical analysis). We discuss our results along with their implications both for teaching students to analyze SCR data and for conducting additional research on behavior-analytic training programs.
Thermal properties and surface chemistry of cotton varieties mineralized with calcium carbonate polymorphs by cyclic dipping

In this study, hydroentangled cotton nonwovens were identified as effective hosts for mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorphs to modify and improve their properties. All cotton varieties studied, including raw white cotton, scoured white cotton, and raw brown cotton, readily crystallized CaCO3 via a simple cyclic dipping process. A combination of analyses agreed that the surface chemistry of cotton fibers influenced the formation of different CaCO3 polymorphs. Scoured white cotton that consisted of almost pure cellulose predominantly produced the most stable calcite, whereas raw white and raw brown cottons that contain proteins facilitated the production of partial metastable vaterite. The morphology of calcite was better defined on the scoured cotton. The mineralization altered the hydrophobic surface of raw cottons to be hydrophilic, i.e., two-fold increase in moisture regain and decrease in water contact angle from 130 to 0 degrees. The mineralized cottons also exhibited improved thermal resistance, i.e., slower thermal decomposition with decreased activation energies and reduction in heat release capacity by up to 40%.
Marital Quality and Salivary Telomere Length Among Older Men and Women in the United States

Objective: The link between marital quality and cellular aging remains underexplored. This study examined how both positive and negative marital quality were associated with salivary telomere length among partnered adults in the United States over the age of 50°years. Methods: Data were from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (N = 3203). Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the link between marital quality and telomere length. Results: While neither positive nor negative marital quality was significantly associated with telomere length among older women, positive and negative marital quality had an interacting effect on telomere length among men. Specifically, when negative marital quality was low, higher positive marital quality was associated with shorter telomere length, whereas when negative marital quality was high, higher positive marital quality was associated with longer telomere length. Discussion: The findings speak to the complex nature of intimate partnerships and the implications of these partnerships for cellular aging processes.