cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating Percentiles in Computer Experiments: A Comparison of Sequential-Adaptive Designs and Fixed Designs

Computer simulators are often used when it is impossible or infeasible to observe actual systems or processes. These simulators can be very complex, requiring many hours or days for a single simulation, and thus, the number of times we may run the code is small. Running such a simulator at a few chosen input settings comprises a computer experiment. Most of the work done in this area focuses on either estimating the unknown complex input–output relationship or optimizing the output. In this article, we consider the problem of percentile estimation in a computer experiments setting and propose the use of sequential-adaptive designs to estimate percentiles, as opposed to fixed designs. For estimating the value and location of the percentile, we present design criteria that can be used to adaptively select the design sites at which to run the simulator. A comparison of results from using sequential-adaptive designs and fixed designs is presented.
Critically evaluated theoretical atomic properties of Y III

A systematic study of Y iii atomic properties is carried out using high-precision relativistic all-order method. Recommended values and estimates of their uncertainties are provided for a large number of electric-dipole reduced matrix elements, transition rates, and oscillator strengths for allowed transitions between $ns$, $n{p}_{j}$, $n{d}_{j}$, $n{f}_{j}$, and $n{g}_{j}$ levels with $n\ensuremath{\le}8$. The lifetimes of these levels are also evaluated. Electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole matrix elements are calculated to determine lifetimes of the $4{d}_{5/2}$ and $5s$ metastable levels. The ground-state $E1$, $E2$, and $E3$ static polarizabilities are calculated. This work provides recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of Y iii atomic properties for use in theoretical modeling as well as planning and analysis of various experiments. We hope that the present study will stimulate further exploration of Y iii for various applications owing to its interesting structure of different low-lying metastable levels.
Mechanism of Dehydration of Phenols on Noble Metals via First-Principles Microkinetic Modeling

Phenolic compounds constitute a sizable fraction of depolymerized biomass and are an ideal feedstock for the production of chemicals such as benzene and toluene. However, these compounds require catalytic upgrade via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), a process whereby oxygen is removed as water by adding hydrogen while retaining the carbon molecular architecture. While the HDO of phenolics has been widely studied, a mechanism that is consistent with the data is still lacking. Herein, we perform first-principles microkinetic calculations for the HDO mechanism of an archetypical compound, p-cresol, on Pt(111). In contrast to the general belief, and in accordance with experimental data, we show that the single metal functionality is sufficient to carry out the HDO chemistry selectively, although ring activation is necessary. However, complete hydrogenation of the ring is neither necessary nor kinetically preferred. As a result, the conversion of p-cresol to toluene follows a complex energy landscape, where methylcyc...
Effects of altered glucokinase gene copy number on blood glucose homoeostasis.

Introduction Glucokinase (GK) gene expression is essential for glucose homoeostasis. This high& hexokinase is expressed in both the liver and pancreatic P-cell [l-31, as well as in other rare neuraVneuroendocrine cell types that may also play a role in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis [4,5]. In humans, coding sequence mutations in the GK gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY-2), a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [6-81. Since MODY-2 is inherited as an autosoma1 dominant heterozygous trait, its pathogenesis is thought to be due to reduced GK activity from the loss of one functional gene copy [7,9-111. Because it is not yet clear how diminished GK activity within these cell types actually causes diabetes, we and others have studied the consequences of altering the number of functional copies of the GK gene in mice ([12-141; K. D. Niswender, M. Shiota, C. Postic, T. L. Jetton, B. Bennett, D. Piston, S. Efrat, A. D. Chemington and M. A. Magnuson, unpublished work). Analysis of these mouse models provides new insights into the effects of perturbed GK gene expression on glucose homoeostasis.
Acute osteomyelitis in children

Although relatively uncommon, osteomyelitis is an important disease because of the potential for chronicity or permanent sequelae. Diagnostic methods, the spectrum of the disease, and clinical situations that merit special consideration are reviewed in this article.
Evaluation of Selected Bactericides for the Control of Fire Blight on Crabapple

Agrimycin 17 21.2W (streptomycin sulfate), Aliette WDG (fosetyl-Al), Kocide 101 77W (copper hydroxide), Phyton 27 (copper sulfate pentahydrate), and the experimental fungicide fluazinam 500F were evaluated for the control of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) on field-grown crabapple. A block of bare-root flowering crabapple (Malus sp.) ‘Snowdrift’ was established in 1995, and the study was conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at the Brewton Experiment Field in Brewton, AL (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 8a). In all three years, streptomycin sulfate was the only product that significantly reduced the severity of fire blight. Typically, damage on the Agrimycin 17-treated trees was unobtrusive and restricted to the death of a few scattered bloom clusters (strikes). In two of three years, fire blight damage levels on the Kocide 101-treated trees were intermediate between those sprayed with streptomycin sulfate and the unsprayed control. Although intermediate disease control was also obtained in 1996 with Phyton 27, this fungicide/bactericide failed to significantly reduce disease severity in 1997 and 1998 as compared to the unsprayed control. In all three years, no significant reduction in the severity of fire blight was obtained with Aliette WDG or fluazinam 500F. Index words: Erwinia amylovora, Agrimycin 17, streptomycin sulfate, Kocide 101, copper hydroxide, Aliette WDG, fosetyl-Al, Phyton 27, copper sulfate pentahydate, fluazinam, chemical control, disease control. Species used in this study: Crabapple (Malus sp.) ‘Snowdrift’.
Persistent median artery and compression neuropathy

Two cases are presented, each with a large persistent unthrombosed median artery associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is noted that in cases such as these, excision of the unthrombosed median artery is not indicated because it may sometimes substantially contribute to the circulation of the hand.
STATISTICS FOLLOWING SIGNIFICANCE

The proportion of variance in the dependent variable scores associated with treatment level membership is obtained as a ratio. The amount of variance in the dependent variable scores associated with treatment level membership is in the numerator. The total variance in the dependent variable is in the denominator. The ratio then expresses the proportion of the total variance associated with treatment level membership. The bias corrected for by omega-squared is present under a fairly common condition. This is the condition in which the levels of the independent variable used in the experiment are the only levels of interest. Under conditions such as the one in which the levels of the independent variable are random samples from a population of levels, the correction for bias in omega-squared is not needed. The statistical tests of the many potential comparisons among means are called multiple comparison tests. The multiple comparisons are always done within the context of a single experiment that calls for a number of individual comparisons.
A theoretical classification of helping behavior and helping motives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new classification of helping behavior using the recipient’s solicitation and the helper’s proactiveness. Additionally, the authors explore helping motives for each of the forms of helping behavior that the authors identify. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examined relevant research and performed a theoretical analysis. Findings – The authors classified helping behavior into three distinct forms, including unsolicited proactive helping behavior, unsolicited reactive helping behavior, and solicited reactive helping behavior. Additionally, the authors claimed that unsolicited proactive helping behavior is an outcome of personality and dispositions, that unsolicited reactive helping behavior is a process of social and instrumental exchange, and that solicited reactive helping behavior is a product of functional motives. Practical implications – First, from the perspective of organizational justice, the authors recommend managers to take the form o...
Capacity Building through Women Groups

Structured efforts for women empowerment and poverty alleviation should involve capacity building of the targeted group parallel to the provision of economic means to them. The Self-help Groups (SHGs) formed nation-wide for the empowerment of poor women pool small savings of their members to begin with and supplement the financial requirement of the members by associating with banks and other financial institutions. To enable the group members to handle micro-credit with care, manage micro-enterprises, and involve in social and political activities with confidence, capacity building programmes of varied nature are inevitable. The paper examines the capacity building programmes undertaken through women groups in Kerala by Kudumbashree, the State Poverty Eradication Mission (SPEM), launched by the Government of Kerala, India.
Effects of relaxin on the cervix and the vagina in the rat

Relaxin and progesterone are secreted by the corpora lutea throughout the second half of 23 — day rat pregnancy [1]. Estrogen secretion by developing follicles is important during this period because relaxin’s effects on the reproductive tract are estrogen dependent [1].
Social Media and Networking in Surgical Practice

The widespread accessibility to social media platforms, such as Facebook™, affords all of the stakeholders interested in optimizing patient outcomes within a specific surgical discipline the extraordinary opportunity to participate in the rapid global exchange of education and ideas. Closed groups, or communities, shielded from the public domain, that are designed to optimize patient outcomes and quality improvement, are changing the way surgeons educate themselves and eachother. It is important for any new surgeon today to understand the pros and cons of using online social media.
Migration mechanisms and diffusion barriers of vacancies in Ga 2 O 3

We employ the nudged elastic band and the dimer methods within the standard density functional theory (DFT) formalism to study the migration of the oxygen and gallium vacancies in the monoclinic structure of $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We identify all the first nearest neighbor paths and calculate the migration barriers for the diffusion of the oxygen and gallium vacancies. We also identify the metastable sites of the gallium vacancies which are critical for the diffusion of the gallium atoms. The migration barriers for the diffusion of the gallium vacancies are lower than the migration barriers for oxygen vacancies by 1 eV on average, suggesting that the gallium vacancies are mobile at lower temperatures. Using the calculated migration barriers we estimate the annealing temperature of these defects within the harmonic transition state theory formalism, finding excellent agreement with the observed experimental annealing temperatures. Finally, we suggest the existence of percolation paths which enable the migration of the species without utilizing all the migration paths of the crystal.
Role of development officers in the marketing of public sector health insurance policies in India

Health insurance is the fastest growing portfolio in Indian insurance. Due to its rapid growth, health insurance is treated now as a separate category by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI). However in India, only 18% of people are covered under any health insurance policy. Hence, there is great opportunity for further growth of the health insurance market in India. Marketing health insurance policies involves unique practices compared to marketing any other product, because health insurance policies are service products and intangible by nature. This study uses primary data collected from 300 development officers as well as secondary data and analyses them with the help of discriminant function analysis (DFA) to identify the key personal and organisational characteristics that influence the performance of the development officers in the marketing of public sector health insurance policies in India.
Container lifecycle management for edge nodes: poster

Internet-of-things (IoT) technology has been widely adopted in environment control and monitoring applications [2]. Many of these applications actuate in the environment based on results from data analysis that surpass the computational capacities of the IoT devices. Edge computing nodes [5] can be used to provide computational resources to end-devices in their proximity. In complex environments, a large number of devices are deployed simultaneously to support different applications, requiring the availability of several distinct runtime environments at the edge node to support different classes of requests.
On the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of immersion ice nucleation

Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation initiated by particles immersed within droplets is likely the main pathway of ice formation in the atmosphere. Theoretical models commonly used to describe this process assume that it mimics ice formation from the vapor, neglecting interactions unique to the liquid phase. This work introduces a new approach that accounts for such interactions by linking the ability of particles to promote ice formation to the modification of the properties of water near the particle–liquid interface. It is shown that the same mechanism that lowers the thermodynamic barrier for ice nucleation also tends to decrease the mobility of water molecules, hence the ice–liquid interfacial flux. Heterogeneous ice nucleation in the liquid phase is thus determined by the competition between thermodynamic and kinetic constraints to the formation and propagation of ice. At the limit, ice nucleation may be mediated by kinetic factors instead of the nucleation work. This new ice nucleation regime is termed spinodal ice nucleation. The comparison of predicted nucleation rates against published data suggests that some materials of atmospheric relevance may nucleate ice in this regime.
What’s Love Got to Do with It: Navigating the Emotional Thicket of the Classroom

In this chapter, eschewing the traditional belief in education as a process of passing on knowledge to the next generation, expert to novice, I posit that it’s equally important to understand successful teaching-learning as a relational as well as a cognitive achievement. We are always learning through and with others. Drawing on stories from the classroom and the psychotherapist’s office, I describe how authority and power, love and resistance circulate between teacher and student, therapist and client. Without transgressing the boundaries of age and role, I suggest that loving and being loved are part of the motivating dynamic that makes for the most effective learning in and out of school. Finally, I illustrate the layered emotional investments, often reverberating with our own early care/learning experiences, which characterize the most meaningful student-teacher relationships.
Evolution of Intravitreal Therapy for Retinal Diseases—From CMV to CNV: The LXXIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture

Purpose To present the evolution of intravitreal therapy for retinal diseases and its impact on clinical practice. Design Retrospective literature review and personal perspective. Methods Retrospective literature review and personal perspective. Results Pharmacotherapeutic advances in retinal disease have been remarkable over the last 25 years. Almost all of the new drugs developed have required intravitreal administration to be highly effective, leading to an exponential increase in the annual number of intravitreal injections given. The use of intravitreal antibiotic injections to treat endophthalmitis, usually on a one-time basis, first familiarized ophthalmologists with this method of drug delivery. Ganciclovir was the first widely available, relatively inexpensive compounded drug that was used for repeat intravitreal injection to treat a chronic retinal disease, followed by triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ganciclovir was formulated for sustained-release drug delivery to avoid frequent intravitreal injections, a goal that has been more elusive for anti-VEGF drugs. Political obstacles encountered while conducting some of the trials to evaluate these treatments were substantial. Addressing the issues they raised led to important national policy changes that will impact the conduct of future clinical trials. The first comparative efficacy trial of intravitreal therapies was the Comparison of AMD Treatments Trials (CATT). The primary results from CATT and the many publications that followed continue to shape the use of intravitreal therapy today. Conclusion Intravitreal therapy has proven highly effective for the treatment of many retinal diseases. The treatment burden for patients from numerous injections, the cost to health care systems, and the impact on workflows in clinical practice have been substantial. Efforts to develop effective intravitreal therapies with reduced treatment burden and cost are ongoing.
Numerical investigation of oblique impact of multiple drops on thin liquid film.

Abstract Hypothesis When multiple drops impact on a thin liquid film, the interaction dynamic between two impinging drops is prominent. High-speed (>50 m/s) oblique impacts of drops on a liquid film result in asymmetrical splashing patterns and further complicate the phenomenon. To understand the interaction between injected crowns from splashing, numerical simulations are very useful to study the flow behaviors. Simulations Three-dimensional simulations are performed to investigate the impact of two adjacent drops on a thin liquid layer using a multiphase flow solver. The solver solves Navier-Stokes equations on Cartesian grids and uses the moment-of-fluid method for interface reconstruction. The numerical code is first validated with three experimental studies and good agreements are obtained. Simulations of oblique impacts of two adjacent drops are then conducted for low-speed and high-speed impacts. Findings The numerical results show that strong interaction occurs when the crowns formed by two adjacent drops interfere with each other. For low-speed impact, drops deposit on to the liquid film with short and thick crater rims formed and the interaction region is a superposition of the crater edges. For high-speed impact, crowns break up to form splashing and the interaction behavior becomes complicated.
Challenges for Lubrication in High Speed MEMS

Design considerations for lubrication in high speed rotating MEMS devices are discussed, using the MIT Microengine program as the primary example. This device relies on the rotation of a microfabricated silicon rotor at speeds well in excess of one million RPM, and uses gas bearings to support the rotor both in the axial and radial directions. MEMS fabrication places unique and novel constraints on the design of the gas bearing system and these lead to a relatively unusual design space for high-speed lubrication systems. The overall architecture for the microengine lubrication system is described using both experimental and computational data to illustrate the effects of geometric and manufacturing variations on the overall system performance.
Deflagration Phenomena in Energetic Materials: An Overview

In this chapter, we review the basic behavior that occurs in deflagrating high explosives. Consideration of the deflagrating characteristics of high explosives is often neglected as they are primarily intended to detonate. However, explosives can exhibit a wide range of deflagrative behavior. Propagation rates can range from slow and steady propellant-like burns at millimeters per second to rapid gas-pressure-driven burns approaching detonation velocities, depending on the burning pressure, the explosive porosity, and the level of confinement. In the most extreme cases, the pressure waves generated by rapid burn rates can induce a detonation in the high explosive.
Accountability and Transparency: Cornerstones of Development and Democratic Governance

There seems to be a general consensus within the international development community that the development strategies prescribed to developing countries failed to achieve their intended goals. Over the last two decades, the same community has shifted the focus on improving governance as a strategic priority for fostering economic growth. Despite the enormous amount of funds invested in promoting economic development, one fact remains: sustainable development has not yet materialized in the majority of developing countries. Could it be that early development strategists did not grasp the interplay between development and democratic governance, missing the cardinal question that developing nations could not have democracy without any development? Or as Lippmann (1997) famously wrote, is it the fact that the world that we have to deal with politically is out of reach, out of sight, and out of mind? To paraphrase the same writer, how long will it be explored, reported, and imagined before development stakeholders understand the nexus of development and democratic governance?
Casualty management: scud missile attack, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

On the evening of February 25, 1991, an Iraqi scud missile plunged into a "barracks/warehouse" used to house U.S. Army soldiers assigned to the 475th Quartermaster Group in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. As a consequence of this scud attack, 28 soldiers died, 110 were hospitalized, and 150 experienced minor physical injuries and/or subsequent mental health problems. This one scud's impact accounted for more than one-third of all U.S. soldiers killed during the war. Fortunately, there were very few "models" of mass casualty experiences during the Persian Gulf War to evaluate the critical clinical outcomes to the soldiers. An analysis of this event has important implications for future military operations that feature a multinational medical force structure. This article summarizes the medical preparations before the war, the key, chronological events, and the medical outcomes of the mass casualty event. Lessons learned in casualty management for future Army contingency medical planners are identified. Language: en
Electrical properties of some (1,1,1) intermetallic compounds

Many intermetallic compounds form with a gap in their density of states at the Fermi level, giving rise to relatively large Seebeck coefficients, on the order of −150 to −300 μV/deg. at room temperature. Consequently, when combined with reasonable carrier mobilities in the range of 30 to 50 cm2/V-s, ‘half-Heusler’ compounds, such as MNiSn where M = (Ti, Zr, Hf), become attractive candidates for intermediate temperature (300°C to 600°C) thermoelectric applications. Samples of TiNiSn were prepared by arc melting and homogenized by various heat treatments. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal diffusivity of these samples was characterized between 22°C and 900°C. The electrical resistivity and thermopower both decrease with increasing temperature, consistent with semiconducting behavior. The electrical power factor, defined as S2/ρ where S is the Seebeck coefficient and ρ is the resistivity, appears quite sensitive to the degree of homogenization in the microstructure and values in excess of 25 μW/cm-°C2 were observed in nearly single phase alloys within the 300 to 600°C temperature range. A brief survey of other selected ternary intermetallic compounds is also presented.
Particle astrophysics with high energy neutrinos

Abstract The topic of this review is the particle astrophysics of high energy neutrinos. High energy is defined as E v > 100 MeV. Main topics include: (i) atmospheric neutrinos and muons from π, K and charm decay. They probe uncharted territory in neutrino oscillations and constitute both the background and calibration of high energy neutrino telescopes, (ii) sources of high energy neutrino beams: the galactic plane, the sun, X-ray binaries, supernova remnants and interactions of extra-galactic cosmic rays with background photons, (iii) an extensive review of the mechanisms by which active galaxies may produce high energy particle beams, (iv) high energy neutrino signatures of cold dark matter and, (v) a brief review of detection techniques (water and ice Cerenkov detectors, surface detectors, radio and acoustic detectors, horizontal airshower arrays) and the instruments under construction.
Diet as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline in African Americans and Caucasians with a Parental History of Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Dietary Patterns

African Americans (AA) are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than Caucasians (CC). Dietary modification may have the potential to reduce the risk of developing AD. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between Southern and Prudent diet patterns and cognitive performance in individuals at risk for developing AD. Cross-sectional observational study. Sixty-six cognitively normal AA and CC individuals aged 46–77 years with a parental history of AD were enrolled. Participants completed a Food Frequency questionnaire, cognitive function testing, which consisted of 8 neuropsychological tests, and cardiovascular risk factor assessments, including evaluation of microvascular and macrovascular function and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results revealed a relationship between the Southern diet and worse cognitive performance among AAs. AAs who consumed pies, mashed potatoes, tea, and sugar drinks showed worse cognitive performance (p<0.05) compared with CCs. In addition, gravy (p=0.06) and cooking oil/fat (p=0.06) showed negative trends with cognitive performance in AAs. In both CC and AA adults, greater adherence to a Prudent dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive outcomes. Cardiovascular results show that participants are overall healthy. AAs and CCs did not differ on any vascular measure including BP, arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Research shows that dietary factors can associate with cognitive outcomes. This preliminary crosssectional study suggests that foods characteristic of the Southern and Prudent diets may have differential effects on cognitive function in middle-aged individuals at high risk for AD. Results suggest that diet could be a non-pharmaceutical tool to reduce cognitive decline in racially diverse populations. It is possible that the increased prevalence of AD in AA could be partially reduced via diet modification.
Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice.

In molecular breeding of super rice, it is essential to isolate the best quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes of leaf shape and explore yield potential using large germplasm collections and genetic populations. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used, which was derived from a cross between the following parental lines: hybrid rice Chunyou84, that is, japonica maintainer line Chunjiang16B (CJ16); and indica restorer line Chunhui 84 (C84) with remarkable leaf morphological differences. QTLs mapping of leaf shape traits was analyzed at the heading stage under different environmental conditions in Hainan (HN) and Hangzhou (HZ). A major QTL qLL9 for leaf length was detected and its function was studied using a population derived from a single residual heterozygote (RH), which was identified in the original population. qLL9 was delimitated to a 16.17 kb region flanked by molecular markers C-1640 and C-1642, which contained three open reading frames (ORFs). We found that the candidate gene for qLL9 is allelic to DEP1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sequence comparison, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing techniques. To identify the effect of qLL9 on yield, leaf shape and grain traits were measured in near isogenic lines (NILs) NIL-qLL9CJ16 and NIL-qLL9C84, as well as a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) CSSL-qLL9KASA with a Kasalath introgressed segment covering qLL9 in the Wuyunjing (WYJ) 7 backgrounds. Our results showed that the flag leaf lengths of NIL-qLL9C84 and CSSL-qLL9KASA were significantly different from those of NIL-qLL9CJ16 and WYJ 7, respectively. Compared with NIL-qLL9CJ16, the spike length, grain size, and thousand-grain weight of NIL-qLL9C84 were significantly higher, resulting in a significant increase in yield of 15.08%. Exploring and pyramiding beneficial genes resembling qLL9C84 for super rice breeding could increase both the source (e.g., leaf length and leaf area) and the sink (e.g., yield traits). This study provides a foundation for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the source–sink balance and high-yield potential of rice, benefiting high-yield molecular design breeding for global food security.
Abstract WMP115: Selection Criteria for Thrombectomy in Pediatric Stroke: A Single-Center Series

Introduction: The newly-extended time window for endovascular therapy represents a major opportunity for stroke treatment in children, for whom diagnosis is often delayed. However, no guidelines ex...
A Hermeneutic of Divine Relationship: Implications for the Education and Training of Christian Marriage and Family Therapists.

This theoretical essay outlines the hermeneutic of Divine relationship, a theological lens through which Christians can develop a deeper appreciation for God’s inherently relational nature and desi...
Hemorrhagic Fibrous Dysplasia with Acute Neurological Decline: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Fibrous dysplasia is a rare, benign fibro-osseous malformation whose occurrence in the craniofacial area can result in optic nerve compression, a cerebral mass effect, and cosmetic deformity. Most lesions will progress slowly, and the risk of malignant progression is rare. Case Description We present the case of a 21-year-old woman who had presented with acute worsening visual loss secondary to hemorrhagic fibrous dysplasia with ensuing optic nerve compression. Emergent surgical decompression resulted in rapid improvement of her visual dysfunction. The pathological features demonstrated a mixed pattern of woven bone in a fibrous background and secondary aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes. Conclusions Hemorrhagic transformation of craniofacial FD remains rare but can present with acute neurologic deterioration. Rapid diagnosis and treatment can allow reversal of patient morbidity. We have also included Supplementary Video 1 to illustrate the surgical principles, and we review the reported data of similar cases.
Molecular Profiling of Decitabine Response in MDS and AML Patients

The underlying molecular effects of decitabine treatment in MDS and AML patients are poorly understood. To systematically uncover the global genomic and transcriptomic alterations induced by decitabine in vivo, we evaluated a series of primary bone marrowf samples from patients treated with decitabine 20 mg/m2 on days 1-10 in 28 day cycles (NCT01687400). Samples were evaluated with: bulk-RNA sequencing (Day 0 & 10, n=29), single-cell RNA sequencing (Day 0 & 10, n=4), whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS, Day 0, 10, & 28, n=29), and exome sequencing (Day 0 & 28 n=44). Cases were selected for RNA-Seq and WGBS based on adequate sample availability, and founding clone mutations that were present in at least 75% of the cells in each sample on day 0. As expected, interpatient heterogeneity dominated global transcriptional variance across the bulk-RNA sequencing dataset, due to the unique mutational and cellular heterogeneity of each sample. We identified 638 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between day 0 and day 10. MSigDB-geneset analysis identified significant pathway enrichment of the day 10 upregulated genesets for myeloid maturation, immune activation, and cell cycle regulation, while down-regulated genesets were enriched for erythroid pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, cellular senescence, and metabolic processes (FDR In summary, this study provides insights into in vivo mechanisms of decitabine activity in AML and MDS patients, which includes global hypomethylation, myeloid maturation, induction of an inflammatory response, activation of specific ERV families, and strong interpatient heterogeneity. However, no specific transcriptional or epigenetic biomarkers emerged that could serve as effective predictors of decitabine responses. Disclosures Welch: ArcherDx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Notable labs: Research Funding; Janssen research: Research Funding.
New insights into prediction of weak π–π complex association through proton-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis

For analysis of weak π–π complexes proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (proton-NMR) simultaneously provides information of stacking configurations and association constants $$\left( K \right)$$ However, an apparent issue for this approach is inconsistent/impossible constant estimation which often leads to unreasonable interpretation for π–π complexation. Whether or not this proton-dependent constant variation could be attributed to simple experimental uncertainties or to more sophisticated additional unspecific shielding effects (AUS effects) was addressed by means of hypothesis tests using a robust bootstrap technique in this report. Our analysis shows the significance of AUS effects on such variation in constant estimation. A following study using numeric simulation further reveals the variation patterns induced by AUS effects and concludes that the largest $$K$$ among the obtained $$K$$ estimates of a complex is considered as the best estimate of $$K$$ due to minimum deviation from the true value of K and the multiple $$K$$ estimates of a π–π complex could provide preferable inferences for complex geometries.
Urban forest response to Hurricane Irma: The role of landscape characteristics and sociodemographic context

Abstract While often considered “open grown,” urban trees are often found in relatively close proximity to neighboring trees, buildings, and other elements of urban infrastructure. These spatial arrangements may provide wind protection during severe weather events such as hurricanes. Beyond this very local scale, urban tree abundance and condition are often influenced by the greater sociodemographic context of the neighborhood or community where they are found. In an effort to assess the impact of these external factors on wind firmness after Hurricane Irma impacted Florida in 2017, we revisited three urban areas that had previously been inventoried using sample plots prior to the storm. At each plot we assessed storm damage and characterized surrounding protective elements (i.e., buildings and other trees) using a combination of ground-based and aerial approaches. This was then paired with block group level sociodemographic data derived from the United States Census. Logistic regression results confirmed previous research, showing that partial and whole tree failure were significantly more likely with a larger stem diameter (p = 0.001) and perceived/previously documented lower wind firmness (p = 0.004). However, our results disagreed with previous studies linking species diversity and resilience, showing tree failure was significantly more likely with higher Shannon Diversity Index (p = 0.008). A comparative geographically weighted logistic regression model also found that the higher proportions of African American residents and Hispanic residents, and the median age of residents were significant predictors of less likely tree failure in 30 %, 36 %, and 20 % of plots, respectively. However, this evidence was weak, compared to that of tree- and plot-level effects. Despite being a key predictor of interest, we did not see any significant protective effect from neighboring trees or structures.
Multilevel-in-Space-and-Energy CMFD in VERA

For full-core modeling in the Virtual Environment for Reactor Analysis (VERA), the three-dimensional multigroup eigenvalue neutron transport problem is solved by MPACT. To improve the efficiency of...
Focal Therapy is a viable treatment for low risk Prostate cancer

Focal therapy has been introduced as a novel treatment option for clinically localized prostate cancer. However, defining its role in the clinical space is still debated, especially with regards to identifying eligible candidates who will stand to benefit from treatment. Active surveillance (AS) is established as the preferred treatment for low-risk prostate cancer, with the goal of identifying those experiencing risk re-classification for curative intervention if it occurs. AS has been shown to be inferior to whole-gland treatments in to preventing progression or metastases. As a result, the field has sought solutions outside of the dichotomous options currently presented to men with low-risk cancer. Finally, the acceptance of preservation of sexual/urinary function and the avoidance of definitive therapy as valid endpoints has forced providers to think outside of survival alone as meaningful measures of success. It is here that focal therapy has emerged as a prospective replacement to AS or definitive treatment in carefully selected men. Combined with available risk stratification tools, focal ablation may afford patients durable oncological benefit while maintaining quality of life even in low-risk cancers.
Psychological Predictors for Watching Television: The Role of Racial Representation.

This study explored psychological predictors that may impact viewers’ decision to watch television shows on the basis of perceived racial or ethnic representation. 1998 undergraduate students selec...
Explaining interstate military friendly policy diffusion across U.S. universities: uncovering vertical-diagonal diffusion

This article examines the diffusion of diversity management policies across large state bureaucracies that operate in a national marketplace of ideas. We analyze organizational antecedents and hori...
Divided Loyalties and the Responsibility of Social Scientists

This chapter discusses the conflict social scientists face between a commitment to truth and loyalty to groups of which they are a member. When writing professionally about a group (culture, ethnicity, race, religion, social class, etc.) of which they have an insider's knowledge they have a responsibility to describe it warts and all.
Alternative community and antibody: a dimension of David Bosch as public theologian

David Bosch had significant influence as a public theologian in the late 1970s and 1980s. It was especially his use of the concept of "alternative community" that made a strong impression on the debates. I extend this debate by referring to the lesser known concept of "antibody" that Bosch also used. I sketch the background of Bosch's understanding of the terms, and seek to apply this understanding to the present theological situation in the country. I do this by seeking to develop a socio-theological analysis with reference to the Kairos Document of 1985 for twenty-first century South Africa.
Don't let the sun go down on PV [photovoltaic systems]

In response to global issues for the generation and delivery of electrical power, photovoltaic (PV) and other renewable energy technologies are gaining acceptance as a way of maintaining and improving living standards without harming the environment. PV could help mitigate energy crises by reducing peak demand and securing the delivery of power in congested locations by decentralizing the power generation. This article shows the challenges of photovoltaic in restructured power systems. PV technologies could provide more secure mode of operation for power system during peak load hours when the systems are constrained and locational marginal prices are high.
A pharmacological profile of the aldehyde receptor repertoire in rat olfactory epithelium

Several lines of evidence suggest that odorants are recognized through a combinatorial process in the olfactory system; a single odorant is recognized by multiple receptors and multiple odorants are recognized by the same receptor. However few details of how this might actually function for any particular odour set or receptor family are available. Approaching the problem from the ligands rather than the receptors, we used the response to a common odorant, octanal, as the basis for defining multiple receptor profiles. Octanal and other aldehydes induce large EOG responses in the rodent olfactory epithelium, suggesting that these compounds activate a large number of odour receptors (ORs). Here, we have determined and compared the pharmacological profile of different octanal receptors using Ca2+ imaging in isolated olfactory sensory neurones (OSNs). It is believed that each OSN expresses only one receptor, thus the response profile of each cell corresponds to the pharmacological profile of one particular receptor. We stimulated the cells with a panel of nine odorants, which included octanal, octanoic acid, octanol and cinnamaldehyde among others (all at 30μm). Cluster analysis revealed several distinct pharmacological profiles for cells that were all sensitive to octanal. Some receptors had a broad molecular range, while others were activated only by octanal. Comparison of the profiles with that of the one identified octanal receptor, OR-I7, indicated several differences. While OR-I7 is activated by low concentrations of octanal and blocked by citral, other receptors were less sensitive to octanal and not blocked by citral. A lower estimate for the maximal number of octanal receptors is between 33 and 55. This large number of receptors for octanal suggests that, although the peripheral olfactory system is endowed with high sensitivity, discrimination among different compounds probably requires further central processing.
Maximin initialization for cluster analysis

Most iterative clustering algorithms require a good initialization to achieve accurate results. A new initialization procedure for all such algorithms is given that is exact when the data contain compact, separated clusters. Our examples use c-means clustering.
Some Chunks Are Expensive

Soar is an attempt to realize a set of hypothesis on the nature of general intelligence within a single system. One central hypothesis is that chunking, Soar's simple experience-based learning mechanism, can form the basis for a general learning mechanism. It is already well established that the addition of chunks improves the performance in Soar a great deal, when viewed in terms of subproblems required and number of steps within a subproblem. But this high level view does not take into account potential offsetting costs that arise from various computational effects. This paper is an investigation into the computational effect of expensive chunks. These chunks add significantly to the time per step by being individually expensive. We decompose the causes of expensive chunks into three components and identify the features of the task environment that give rise to them. We then discuss the implications of the existence of expensive chunks for a complete implementation of Soar.
Factors Which Influence the Water Content of the Stratum Corneum

If a piece of cornified epithelium, such as a cutting from a callus on the plantar surface of the foot, is dried out, it becomes very hard and brittle, in spite of any natural oils it may contain. Any attempt to soften this cornified epithelium with petrolatum, anhydrous lanolin or natural glycerides of fatty acids, such as olive oil, meets with complete failure, even though the oils remain in contact with the cornified epithelium for months at normal or elevated temperatures. If, on the other hand, similar pieces of cornified epithelium are allowed to absorb a little moisture, they become soft and pliable. It is apparent, therefore, that the water content of the cornified epithelium is a more important factor in maintaining the flexibility of this layer than is its oil content. For this reason we have undertaken a study of the factors which influence the moisture content of the stratum corneum.
Propellant expulsion in unmanned spacecraft

Mechanical positive expulsion devices for earth- storable liquid rocket propellants in unmanned spacecraft
Effect of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on small intestine in the mouse

A genetically conditioned mouse model of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) has been used to study the effect of the absence of lumenal proteases on small intestinal mucosal proteins. The small bowel was divided into eight equal segments. Enzyme activity was increased only in the first three segments in the case of maltase, sucrase, and lactase (all mol wt above 200,000). Alkaline phosphatase (mol wt 145,000), trehalase (mol wt 95,000), and peptidase (mol wt 175,000) activities were unaffected in proximal segments from epi mice. Proximal brush border proteins were identified and measured quantitatively by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Those enzymes with increased activity were associated with increased amounts of protein in epi mice. Double labeled studies of protein turnover revealed a longer half-life for large brush border proteins (mol wt above 175,000) in epi mice than in normal mice. Enterokinase activity (a marker for duodenal mucosa) was nearly absent from the duodenum of epi mice. Receptors for the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex (markers for ileal mucosal) were present in the ileum equally in normal and in epi mice. Enterokinase activity can be induced in epi mice by feeding its substrate trypsinogen, but not by trypsin or chymotrypsinogen. Epi mice thus retain the ability to synthesize enterokinase. Pancreatic proteases play an important role in the turnover of certain large mucosal proteins and in the induction of enterokinase.
The risks of drinking water

Three researchers from the Energy and Environmental Policy Center at Harvard University have come up with a new method of calculating the risk from contaminants in drinking water, one that they believe takes into account some of the uncertainties in pronouncing water safe or dangerous to drink. The new method concentrates on the risk of cancer, which authors Edmund Crouch, Richard Wilson, and Lauren Zeise believe has not been properly considered in establishing drinking water standards. Writing in the December 1983 issue of Water Resources Research, the authors state that “current [drinking water] standards for a given chemical or class of chemicals do not account for the presence of other pollutants” that could combine to create dangerous substances. According to Wilson, “Over a hundred industrial pollutants and chlorination byproducts have been found in various samples of drinking water, some of which are known carcinogens, others suspected carcinogens.” The same chlorine that solves one major health problem—the threat of bacterial disease—can thus contribute to another, according to the authors, by increasing the long-term risk of cancer. The largest risks are due to halomethanes such as chloroform and bromoform, produced as chlorine reacts with organic matter in drinking water.