cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract TP561: The Effects of Recanalization of Chronically Occluded Internal Carotid Artery on Patients' Neurocognition

Objective: To evaluate pre and postop cerebral hemodynamics and the effects it has on neurocognitive outcomes in patients with chronically occluded internal carotid artery (COICA) who have undergon...
Crystallographic study of YCo3+1−2xCo2+xPt4+xO3 and DyCo3+1−2xCo2+xPt4+xO3

Abstract The crystal structures of single crystals of YCo 3+ .36 Co 2+ .32 Pt 4+ .32 O 3 and DyCo 3+ .36 Co 2+ .32 Pt 4+ .32 O 3 have been examined at room temperature, and shown to be isostructural with GdFeO 3 , which belongs to space group Pbnm . The overall expansion of octahedra caused by substitution of platinum enhances the distortion of rare-earth dodecahedra by moving 4 out of 12 oxygens further away from the rare-earth ions, as shown by the rotation of octahedra along the [110] axis. No order has been found for Co 2+ , Co 3+ , and Pt 4+ .
Modeling and Analysis of Eavesdropping Attack in 802.11ad mmWave Wireless Networks

Next generation wireless communication networks utilizing 60 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands are expected to achieve multi-gigabit throughput with the use of highly directional phased-array antennas. These directional signal beams provide enhanced security to the legitimate networks due to the increased difficulties of eavesdropping. However, there still exists significant possibility of eavesdropping since 1) the reflections of the signal beam from ambient reflectors enables opportunistic stationary eavesdropping attacks, and; 2) carefully designed beam exploration strategy enables active nomadic eavesdropping attack. This paper discusses eavesdropper attack strategies for 802.11ad mmWave systems and provides the first analytical model to characterize the success possibility of eavesdropping in both opportunistic stationary attacks and active nomadic attacks. We derive the success probability of eavesdropping considering the ambient reflectors in the environment and errors introduced in the beam exploration strategies of the proposed eavesdropping attacker models. We study the success probability for both opportunistic stationary attack scenario and active nomadic attack scenario through numerical simulations. In addition to numerical simulations, we also evaluate the proposed attacker models using an 802.11ad test bed consisting of commercially available off-the-shelf devices.
The Impact of Coordination Environment on the Thermodynamic Stability of Uranium Oxides

Amorphous uranium oxides are known to arise via industrial processes relevant to the nuclear fuel cycle yet evade rigorous structural characterization. A promising approach is to develop statistica...
Advancing Preventive Interventions for Pregnant Women Who Are Opioid Using via the Integration of Addiction and Mental Health Research

This review examines how research focused on treatment for opioid use in perinatal populations and preventive interventions for postpartum psychopathology have remained separate, despite significant overlap. Guidelines for best practice in caring for pregnant women with opioid use disorder suggest the use of medication-assisted treatment with additional comprehensive care, including behavioral and mental health interventions. However, intervention research often mutually excludes these two populations, with studies of behavioral interventions for opioid use excluding women with psychopathology and research on preventive interventions for postpartum psychopathology excluding women who are substance using. There is a limited evidence-base to inform the selection of appropriate preventive interventions for pregnant women with opioid use disorder that can address opioid use and/or treatment adherence and concurrent mental health risks. We argue that it is critical to integrate research on pregnant women who are opioid using and preventive perinatal mental health interventions to catalyze pivotal change in how we address the opioid epidemic within this growing population.
Transcriptional analysis of the multiple Sry genes and developmental program at the onset of testis differentiation in the rat

The commonly used laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, is unique in having multiple Sry gene copies found on the Y chromosome, with different copies encoding amino acid variations that influence the resulting protein function. It is not clear which Sry genes are expressed at the onset of testis differentiation or how their expression correlates with that of other genes in testis-determination pathways. Here, two independent E11–E14 developmental RNAseq datasets show that multiple Sry genes are expressed at E12–E13. The identified copies expressed during testis initiation include Sry4A, Sry1, and Sry3C, which are conserved in every strain of Rattus norvegicus with genomes sequenced to date. This work represents a first step in defining the complex environment of rat testis differentiation that can open the door for generating sex reversal model systems using embryo manipulation techniques that have been available in the mouse but not the rat.
Fecal Urgency: Clinical and Manometric Characteristics in Patients With and Without Diarrhea.

Fecal urgency is classically associated with diarrhea, but is also common in individuals with normal bowel habits or constipation. Its etiology, particularly in non-diarrhea individuals, is unclear. We examined data from 368 individuals with and without diarrhea who underwent three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion test. All patients completed the Rome III constipation module and the pelvic floor distress inventory (PDFI-20) survey. Patients were considered to have fecal urgency if they reported being bothered “moderately” or “quite a bit” by it in the past 3 months. A total of 103 patients (28.0%) met our definition of fecal urgency. These patients were significantly more likely to meet criteria for irritable bowel syndrome and to report fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and diarrhea. Fecal urgency was associated with rectal hypersensitivity in those with diarrhea, but not in those without diarrhea. Fecal urgency was associated with urinary urge incontinence in those without diarrhea, but not those with diarrhea. In patients with diarrhea, fecal urgency is associated with rectal hypersensitivity, whereas in patients without diarrhea, fecal urgency is associated with urinary urge incontinence. This suggests that fecal urgency has different pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with different underlying bowel habits.
Film in Public Administration Classrooms: Developing Responsible Administrators in the Information Age:

Future public administrators are predominantly entering the field as practitioners, and therefore, classroom work should have relevance in the field. Public administration educators need to find en...
Design of Ternary Logic and Arithmetic Circuits Using GNRFET

Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties of the GNRFET, e.g., the ability to control the threshold voltage by changing the width of the GNR. Variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit. This paper introduces a design approach for ternary logic gates and circuits using MOS-type GNRFET. The designs of basic ternary logic gates like inverters, NAND, NOR, and ternary arithmetic circuits like the ternary decoder, 3:1 multiplexer, and ternary half-adder are demonstrated using GNRFET. A comparative analysis of the GNRFET based ternary logic gates and circuits and those based on the conventional CMOS and CNTFET technologies is performed using delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP) as the metrics. The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website.
The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health: by Rothblum, E. D, ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 466 pp., $153.00, ISBN 978-0190067991

Reviewing books that are primarily reference materials, such as handbooks, has its challenges. The current volume is no exception. Given the range of topics included, making general statements abou...
Does the Arc of Science Bend Towards Impact? Four Decades of Empirical Research Published in JADD Since the DSM-III

The present study explored the shift from understanding to intervention to population impact in the empirical research published in this journal at five points of time over 40 years since the release of DSM-III. Two-thirds of the more than 600 original studies identified involved basic research, a pattern that is consistent with previous analyses of research funding allocations and that did not change over time. One of every eight studies involved intervention research, which occurred in community-based programs only about one-quarter of the time. These gaps in intervention research and community impact did not improve over time. The findings underscore the need to broaden the training and experience of researchers, and to re-consider priorities for research funding and publication.
The effects of moisture on the material properties and behavior of thermoplastic polyimide composites

Thermoplastic polyimides are a relatively new class of polymers that exhibit high-temperature stability and are useful in composite applications. One such material is Avimid® K3B reinforced with Magnamite® IM7 graphite fibers. This composite system exhibits excellent strength and toughness, retains its strength and toughness after prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, and resists microcracking at extremely low (liquid nitrogen) temperatures. Further characterization of IM7/K3B thermoplastic composites is focused on evaluating hygrothermal effects on the material properties and behavior. The environmental conditioning test matrix includes three temperatures (20, 40, and 80°C) and four relative humidity levels (75, 85, 97, and 100%). Observations and conclusions from these studies include the following: (1) the moisture diffusivity of IM7/K3B has a classic Arrhenius dependence on temperature; (2) the moisture saturation level depends on the relative humidity level to the power of 1.34 with a maximum value of 0.55% by weight; (3) the glass transition temperature T g is lowered with moisture absorption but is recovered when the sample is redried; (4) the intralaminar fracture toughness G 1 c remains constant after extensive hygrothermal conditioning; (5) the diffusion kinetics are Fickian in general, except for a few non-Fickian anomalies that are related to development of transverse microcracks.
Comparison of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer with Other Tests During Subgrade and Granular Base Characterization in Minnesota

During the 1998 construction season, the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), Loadman portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD), and Humboldt soil stiffness gauge (SSG) were used to characterize the subgrade and granular base for several projects in Minnesota. The DCP penetration index (DPI) was converted to modulus using previously established correlations between the DPI, California bearing ratio (CBR), and modulus. Standard FWD tests were also performed at some locations and the moduli backcalculated using EVERCALC. The moduli were then compared to determine the ability of each device to accurately measure in situ stiffness. Finally, thin wall and bag samples were collected from some locations for laboratory resilient modulus testing and the results compared to the field derived moduli.
Scripture, Culture, and Agriculture: Wisdom or Sloth? The Character of Work

There is the bad work of pride. There is also the bad work of despair – done poorly out of the failure of hope or vision. … Good work finds the way between pride and despair. (Wendell Berry) A WASTING DISEASE There is no serious question that the chief effective causes of land degradation worldwide, and of the ecological crisis in general, are human work and population growth. Those two are directly connected, and the connection lies in the area of agriculture. Population growth as we have experienced it since the mid-twentieth century is largely a result of the vast increases in crop yields made possible by the invention of the process for fixing nitrogen in ammonia fertilizer compounds. In turn, a population of six and a half billion (and growing) has led to the large-scale conversion of previously untilled land to agricultural use; that conversion currently constitutes the greatest threat (even above global warming) to healthy ecosystems worldwide. It is apt, therefore, that contemporary agrarian writers give considerable attention to the character and quality of work and to the attitudes, healthy and unhealthy, that underlie it. U.S. Poet Laureate Donald Hall writes of his grandparents and their farming community in New Hampshire: The farm produced little money, and my grandfather wore my father's old hand-me-downs; everywhere rags of poverty flourished like skunkweed. Still, my grandparents appeared to enjoy their work, which did not extend human consciousness but occupied or absorbed it. […]
Thriving through relationships

The specific pathways through which close relationships promote optimal well-being are not well understood. We describe a model (building on attachment theory's notion of safe haven and secure base support) that explains how close relationships promote thriving. This model defines thriving, identifies distinct contexts through which individuals may thrive (life adversity and life opportunities for growth), describes two distinct social support functions in close relationships that promote thriving (source of strength support and relational catalyst support), and identifies mediators through which relational support leads to long-term thriving.
The ribosome binding sites recognized by E. coli ribosomes have regions with signal character in both the leader and protein coding segments

Oligonucleotide analysis, by a novel computerized procedure, was first applied to determine the sequence of an ideal E. coli promoter (Scherer et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 1978, 5:3759-3773) and has now been used to obtain the sequence of nucleotides that should be present in a messenger RNA for optimum binding to the E. coli ribosome. This sequence is: UU.UUAAAAAUUAAGGAGGUAUAUUAUGAAAAAAAUUAAAAAACUCAA AA U A AUA A CUC G. Comparison of this sequence with each of the 68 ribosome binding site sequences used to generate it shows a preference rather than an absolute requirement for a specific base in any given position. The preference for certain bases persists along the whole length of the RNA within the ribosome binding domain even though nearly half of that length includes translated codons. Thus messages without leader sequences (like lambda CI mRNA) can still have some affinity for the ribosome. Part of the model sequence is complementary to the 3'end of 16S rRNA.
Self-Organizing Adaptive Radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing

Self-Organizing Adaptive Radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing (SOAR-STAP) is discussed here. Some investigations have been done on applying SOAR concept to Sigma Delta -STA and D3LS-STAP. The advantages include computation load, sample support, converge rate, etc. SOAR-STAP converges faster than traditional STAP. For same computation time, the response pattern of SOAR-STAP is better than that of traditional STAP. In future, SOAR-STAP can be applied to conformal arrays, sensor robots, etc. The sensors of arrays may be developed independently and deployed incrementally, and then self-organize to form a large array with ability to self-calibrate and correct errors.
Elastic Wave Propagation in Rods of Arbitrary Cross Section

A study is made of the problem of transient elastic wave propagation when a load is applied to one end of an infinitely long rod of arbitrary cross section. Fourier and Laplace transforms aid in developing a general solution in the form of a sum over all modes of harmonic wave propagation and integrals over all wavelengths. An expansion at long wavelength reveals two types of modes of propagation which are called longitudinal and radial shear modes. For a suddenly applied pressure, the long-distance, long-time response is found to be an integral of the Airy integral.
Lessons from the randomized trial evaluation of a new parent program: when the evaluators see the glass as half full, and the community sees the glass as half empty

Objectives To disseminate lessons learned from implementing a randomized trial in a community setting so that other randomized trials can anticipate and prevent some of the challenges we encountered.
Cas9 targeting and the CRISPR revolution

The ability to add, remove, or change DNA sequences is essential to studies that investigate the genetic underpinning of phenotypic traits. With its unprecedented efficiency and stunning ease of use, DNA editing technology based on the prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)–Cas9 system is completely revolutionizing genome engineering. In little more than a year, CRISPR-Cas9 editing has been implemented in a multitude of model organisms and cell types ( 1 ) and has already started to supplant incumbent genome editing technologies, such as TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and ZFNs (zinc finger nucleases).
An Academic Perspective on Grey Literature

This article presents an academic’s perspective on grey literature, providing the viewpoint from someone who has experience publishing in both academic and grey literature venues. I explore the strengths and weaknesses of grey literature and argue that more rigorous quality control, increased access to this literature, and more scholarly cooperation are necessary in order for grey literature to become accepted as a legitimate published form.
Alkalilike Spectra in the Promethium Isoelectronic Sequence

Highly ionized members of the Pm sequence should produce strong resonance lines in the uv spectra of hot plasmas contaminated by heavy elements. These ions for $Zg~74$ have an alkali structure with ground configuration $4{f}^{14}5s$. Hartree-Fock calculations show that in ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{XIV}}$ through Uxxxii the dominant resonance lines are the $5s\ensuremath{-}5p$ doublets in the range $\ensuremath{\lambda}=100\ensuremath{-}400$ \AA{}. Approximate predictions are given for the doublet wavelengths, line strengths, and mean lives.
Diagnostic capabilities of the intravenous glucose tolerance test.

Abstract 1. 1. A computerized method of calculating the results of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is presented. This method not only fits the data well but also describes the entire test period from 5 to 60 min following glucose administration. It is concluded that in the case of blood glucose disposal, the rate of fall of blood glucose is proportional, not to the blood glucose concentration, but rather to the excess of the blood glucose above an individual constant level. 2. 2. Normal patients and verified chemical diabetics were used to define diagnostic norms for the IVGTT using two components of the mathematical equation, the slope and blood sugar constant which is related to post-test equilibration. These criteria were found to discriminate the diabetic from the normal with fewer misclassifications than the conventionally derived decay constant (k).
Bending and Torsional Flexibility of G/C-rich Sequences as Determined by Cyclization Assays

The structural polymorphism of DNA is a vital aspect of its biological function. However, it has become increasingly apparent in recent years that DNA polymorphism is a complicated, multidimensional phenomenon that includes not only static sequence-directed structures but dynamic effects as well, including influences of counterions and sequence context. In order to address some of these additional factors that govern DNA conformation, we have used T4 ligase-mediated cyclization to investigate bending in a series of DNA sequences containing the GGGCCC•GGGCCC motif in different sequence contexts including various helical phasings with (A)5-tracts. We present evidence for curvature in GGGCCC•GGGCCC and (A)5-tract motifs in the presence of physiological levels of Mg2+ and show that these motifs curve through similar but oppositely directed bending angles under these ionic strength conditions. Although these two sequence motifs appear to bend similarly, our results suggest significant differences in stiffness and stability of curvature between them. We also show that under the same experimental conditions, the CTAG•CTAG sequence element possesses unusual torsional flexibility and that this appears to be associated with the central TA•TA dinucleotide. The results underscore the need to include sequence context and specific ion effects as well as a dynamic basis in more complete predictive models for functionally related DNA polymorphism.
Modulation of the immune response in fish

This is a brief overview of the field of immune modulation in fish. Special attention is given to the effects of biological rhythms on the immune responses of animals. Biological rhythms in fish appear to be poorly studied and the effects of such rhythms on fish immune responses needs to be evaluated. Implications for research on the modulation of fish immune responses are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF CROWN DIMENSIONS ON TRANSPARENCY AND THE ASSESSMENT OF TREE HEALTH

Assessment of forest health on a national scale is a difficult task. One pa- rameter used to rapidly classify tree health is crown transparency, or the amount of sky seen through the crown. Previous investigations of sources of error in estimating crown transparency concentrated on observer experience and perception, and on lighting condi- tions, showing that the error can be as much as + 15%. Here we tested the hypothesis that crown dimensions, which determine the path-length of the line of sight of the observer through crowns, introduce a large bias in estimates of crown transparency. Both theoretical and empirical results show that crown transparency is highly sensitive to crown dimensions. Crowns of trees with path-lengths >10 m are always likely to be rated 80% transparent. The misclassification of tree health is further exacerbated by the reduction in the rate at which transparency decreases per unit of path-length as the path-length increases, reflecting a lower average leaf density with increasing crown size. Thus we propose that available crown transparency data may be used to rank relative tree health within narrow intervals of path-length, thereby incorporating the effects of crown dimensions on transparency.
Frequency and Functional Use of Cited Documents in Information Science.

The purpose of this study was to examine factors which may explain frequency and nature of use of documents in citing document texts over time. Articles published in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science in 1972, 1973, and 1974 were searched on SciSearch to derive two sample groups. One group was frequently cited; the other was infrequently cited. The functional uses of the sample document groups were examined by four classification taxonomies in 417 citing contexts. The patterns of frequency of use, multiple use, and functional use were examined over time. The citation levels of documents citing the two sample groups were examined as well. When measured by functional citation taxonomies, frequently and infrequently cited documents were not used for significantly different functions. Frequently cited documents, however, seemed more tightly linked (essential) than infrequently cited documents to the documents in which they were used. While frequently cited documents were not judged more useful than infrequently cited documents initially, they were used at a stable higher level over a longer period. Infrequently cited documents were used immediately following publication and then their use rapidly diminished. The repeated use of infrequently cited documents within documents tended to decrease over time while the repeated use of frequently cited documents tended to increase. Frequently cited articles were used for different functions in the period immediately following publication and a later time period. Infrequently cited articles were used with greater consistency in the two time periods. © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and furosemide effects on hydraulic pressure in the renal papilla

Atrial natriuretic peptide and furosemide effects on hydraulic pressure in the renal papilla. Atrial peptides (ANP) have been shown to preferentially increase blood flow to juxtamedullary nephrons and to augment vasa recta blood flow. To determine the effect of this alteration in intrarenal blood flow distribution on pressure relationships in inner medullary structures and their significance as a determinant of ANP-induced natriuresis, we measured hydraulic pressures in vascular and tubule elements of the renal papilla exposed in Munich-Wistar rats in vivo during an euvolemic baseline period and again during an experimental period. Rats in Group 1 received intravenous infusion of rANP [4–27], administered as a 4 µg/kg prime and 0.5 µg/kg/min continuous infusion, and were maintained euvolemic by plasma replacement. Infusion of ANP resulted in significant natriuresis, diuresis and increase in inulin clearance. Within 90 seconds of initiation of this systemic infusion, vasa recta hydraulic pressures were markedly increased and exceeded the small pressure increment occurring in loops of Henle and collecting ducts. Infusion of furosemide in Group 2 rats at a dosage which reproduced the increase in urine flow in Group 1 was associated with small and equivalent increases in both vascular and tubule elements, indicating that the differential pressure response observed in Group 1 was not due to increased tubule fluid flow rates, but was rather a specific ANP-induced vascular effect. Group 3 rats received an infusion of ANP in a setting where its whole kidney hemodynamic effects were prevented. This resulted in a marked blunting of natriuresis and diuresis, and obliteration of the pressure differential between vasa recta and tubules observed in Group 1. Thus, the hydraulic pressure imbalance between papillary vascular and tubule structures occurring during infusion of ANP in euvolemic Group 1 rats may impede fluid reabsorption from local papillary interstitium, and thereby serve as an important mechanism of ANP-induced natriuresis and diuresis.
Open innovation and the value of crowds: implications for the fashion industry

Firms in many industries are seeking to incorporate ideas from outside parties to complement their own internal resources and capabilities. Suppliers, distributors, end users, scientists, firms in unrelated industries and even competitors can be important sources of information and ideas. Furthermore, with the computing capabilities available today, firms can scan online communities for sources of ideas and even harness the ideas generated by a select few key users with insights into emerging mainstream customer needs. All of this additional input helps firms compete profitably in an increasingly difficult environment. New trends include open innovation, crowdsourcing, user toolkits, mass customization and lead-user analysis. While there is emerging academic research on all of these topics, their usefulness in fashion marketing and merchandising remains relatively unexplored. This is potentially a great research opportunity, as fashion designers can obtain key ideas that boost competitiveness by working m...
Assessment of probability distributions for continuous random variables: A comparison of the bisection and fixed value methods

Abstract Comparisons between two methods of assessing an individual's probability distribution for a continuous variable are provided. These two methods are bisection assessment and direct assessment. The subjects in the study were scientists and engineers participating in a formal probability elicitation process directed toward assessing the risks from nuclear power generating stations. The subjects were trained in probability elicitation and then asked to give probability distributions for almanac values as part of the debiasing training. The results show little difference between the direct and the bisection methods. Slightly better performance, as measured through the calibration of the distributions, was obtained using the bisection method. This result is contrary to strong results obtained in previous studies. The difference in conclusions can be explained by differences in procedures for obtaining end points of the distributions. Also obtained was evidence showing the use of logarithmic scales in place of linear scales may improve the calibration of assessed distributions.
Automatic placement a review of current techniques (tutorial session)

This review provides an overview of the placement function within automatic layout systems. The automatic placement problem is defined and the data abstractions are described. The discussion divides placement algorithms into two classes: constructive and iterative. Applications of the algorithms within layout systems are described. A large number of references is provided to allow use as a guide to placement literature.
Hyperglycemia and angiotensin-mediated control of the renal circulation in healthy humans

Abstract —Type 1 and type 2 diabetics have an enhanced renal vasodilator response to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition despite suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), indicating possible activation of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system. To investigate the role of hyperglycemia, we evaluated the renal hemodynamic response to ACE inhibition in 9 healthy subjects in high-salt balance after steady-state hyperglycemia (8.4±1 mmol/L) was achieved via intravenous glucose administration. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) responses to captopril and to angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured as paraminohippuric acid and inulin clearances. Hyperglycemia produced a significant increase in RPF of 117 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 after 90 minutes but not GFR. Administration of captopril at a dose of 25 mg during glucose infusion led to an increase in RPF of 173±24 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 ( P −1 · 1.73 m −2 ). Captopril did not alter GFR in the presence or absence of hyperglycemia. Ang II infusion during hyperglycemia decreased RPF by 45±16 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 , and this was significantly enhanced by captopril (−98±26 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 , P
Shear waves in an elastic wedge

Abstract An elastic wedge of interior angle χπ is subjected to spatially uniform but time-dependent shear tractions, which are applied to one or both faces of the wedge, parallel to the line of intersection of the faces. The transient wave propagation problem is solved by taking advantage of the dynamic similarity which characterizes problems without a fundamental length in the geometry. The shear stress τ θz is evaluated, and it is found that the singularity near the vertex of the wedge is of the form r (1/χ)−1 /(1 − χ). The results show that the stress is not singular for interior angles less than π. As a special case we obtain the dynamic shear stress generated by the sudden opening of a semi-infinite crack in a homogeneously sheared unbounded medium.
The Mediation of Spectator Sport

Abstract This study employs the theory of “media logic” and the method of hermeneutical criticism to demonstrate some effects of a major social institution, television, on the “text” of experiencing spectator sports. The study finds that the medium of television makes spectator sports into an experience which incorporates narrative, intimacy, commodification, and rigid time segmentation. The conventions imposed by television on spectator sports are presented here as powerfully affecting the meanings which televised sports have for their audiences.
Elastic properties of the olivine and spinel polymorphs of Mg2GeO4, and evaluation of elastic analogues

Abstract The single-crystal elastic moduli of the olivine and spinel phases of Mg2GeO4 have been measured using Brillouin scattering spectra. The moduli for the olivine phase are: C11 = 3.12, C22 = 1.87, C33 = 2.17, C66 = 0.71, C23 = 0.66, C31 = 0.65 and C12 = 0.60. The moduli for the spinel phase are: C11 = 3.00, C44 = 1.26 and C12 = 1.18. These data are analyzed to define the best type of elastic analogue for magnesium orthosilicates. The character of the many-bodied, non-central force associated with the divalent cation is found to significantly influence the relative magnitudes of the elastic moduli. Since the nature of the many-bodied, non-central force is quite different for alkaline earth cations than for transition metal cations, we conclude that materials which contain one of these cation types is not a good analogue for materials with the other type. Magnesium orthogermanate, however, is a good analogue of magnesium orthosilicate. On the other hand, the high elastic anisotropy of the spinel phase of the germanate suggests that the germanium tetrahedron is less rigid under shear than the corresponding silicon tetrahedron. The success of the magnesium orthogermanate to model the magnesium orthosilicate is probably a result of the mechanical isolation of the tetrahedra, thus requiring the conclusions of this study to be further tested before applying them to other silicate systems.
Study of thermal annealing on Matrimid® fiber performance in pervaporation of acetic acid and water mixtures

Abstract Unlike the case for low-sorbing gas molecules such as N2 and O2, Matrimid® hollow fibers swell significantly in acetic acid (HAc) and water mixtures. Acetic acid was found to plasticize the polymer and facilitate the passage of the ‘slow’ molecule, acetic acid, while not affecting the ‘fast’ molecule, water, as significantly. The membrane selectivity of water over HAc inevitably decreased with increasing HAc content in the feed for the standard membrane. Sub-Tg (glass transition temperature) thermal annealing was used to stabilize large bore size defect-free Matrimid® hollow fibers by suppressing the HAc-induced plasticization. The resulting membrane selectivity was increased up to 95 using a 520 μm outer diameter/325 μm inner diameter and 20 cm long defect-free annealed fiber with acceptable water flux (1.6 kg/m2 h) for 20 wt% HAc concentration feed streams at 101.5 °C. Micro-fluorescence spectra provide strong support for the notion that thermal annealing can reduce the free volume and promote the formation of charge transfer complexes. As a consequence, the improved rigidity of the polymer chains increases the polymer discrimination of shape and size for penetrants, although no chemical reaction occurs with thermal annealing.
On the Vertical Scale of Gravity Waves Excited by Localized Thermal Forcing

Abstract Gravity waves generated by convective heating are widely believed to have vertical wavelengths approximately twice the depth of the heating. The frequency, horizontal, and vertical wavelengths of gravity waves are, however, mutually related through the gravity wave dispersion relationship. For forcing of a given frequency, waves of vertical wavelength of twice the depth of the heating will be efficiently excited only if the horizontal forcing projects significantly onto horizontal scales compatible with the vertical-to-horizontal wavenumber ratio given by the dispersion relationship. The preferred vertical wavelength depends on a nondimensional parameter relating the frequency, horizontal, and vertical scales of the forcing. For the high-frequency waves that dominate the momentum flux in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, the maximum vertical flux of horizontal momentum generally occurs for waves with vertical wavelengths much greater than twice the depth of the heating.
Social and Environmental Factors and Their Influence on Drug Use Vulnerability and Resiliency in Rural Populations

Findings from recent epidemiological investigations indicate that substance use in rural America has increased to the point where it nearly equals, if not exceeds, the rates found in suburban and urban areas. Although previous research has examined factors that have influenced use patterns, little attention has been devoted to the social and community contextual influences on these drug use trends. Based on a review of the literature, this article's purpose is to discuss distinctive features of rural communities, describe the impact of social and community influences on drug use, and explore implications for future research and interventions. Although rural areas have undergone tremendous economic and social change in the past 20 years, there remain unique social and community factors that serve to mediate alcohol and illicit drug use. In order to reduce drug use in rural areas, prevention and intervention efforts must consider social and environmental influences. Utilization of a multilevel social epidemiological approach could be particularly effective in developing a theoretical framework that best addresses these rising drug trends.
Blowing bubbles in Lennard-Jonesium along the saturation curve.

Extensive molecular simulations of the Lennard-Jones fluid have been performed to determine its liquid-vapor coexistence properties and solvent contact densities with cavities up to ten times the diameter of the solvent from the triple point to the critical point. These simulations are analyzed using a revised scaled-particle theory [H. S. Ashbaugh and L. R. Pratt, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 159 (2006)] to evaluate the thermodynamics of cavity solvation and curvature dependent interfacial properties along the saturation curve. While the thermodynamic signatures of cavity solvation are distinct from those in water, exhibiting a chemical potential dominated by a large temperature independent enthalpy, the solvent dewets cavities of increasing size similar with water near coexistence. The interfacial tension for forming a liquid-wall interface is found to be consistently greater than the liquid-vapor surface tension of the Lennard-Jones fluid by up to 10% and potentially reflects the suppression of high amplitude f...
ACTION OF ADRENAL CORTICOIDS ON PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE THIOURACIL-TREATED RAT.

When fed a casein diet containing 0.5% thiouracil, male Wistar rats (150 g) had increased liver weights and protein/ DNA ratios but unaltered RNA/DNA ratios. When the adrenocorticoids—cortisone and corticosterone—were administered to these goitrogen-fed animals at a dose of 0.5 or 1.5 mg/day, there were decreases in liver size, protein/RNA and protein/DNA ratios. Concomitantly, at the 1.5 mg/day corticoid treatment, the free amino acid pool, RNA/DNA ratios, and the ability to incorporate labeled methionine into liver protein all increased. The biochemical profile of the gastrocnemius muscle of goitrogen-fed rats was characterized by a decreased protein/RN A ratio and a diminished ability to incorporate amino acids. When adrenal steroids were administered to these hypothyroid animals, there was a decrease in the muscle free amino acid pool and further reduction in the amino acid incorporation rate. Administration of adrenal corticoids (1.5 mg/day) to control-fed animals resulted in lower protein/DNA and pr...
The use of paleomagnetic declination to test correlations of late Wisconsinan glaciolacustrine sediments in central New York

Detrital remanent magnetization (DRM), recorded in laminated glaciolacustrine silt and clay of the western Mohawk Valley of central New York, was used to construct a secular variation record of geomagnetic declination for parts of the late Wisconsinan in the interval 12.5-18 ka B.P. Remanent declination has been used for time-stratigraphic testing of correlations between laminated fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments at different exposures in the western Mohawk Valley. A discontinuity in the remanent-declination record supports the interpretation that an observed lithostratigraphic discontinuity in the region represents an unconformity. Diamicton units, composed of till and proximal proglacial diamictons, are overlain by laminated clay and silt units that have time-transgressive lower contacts. The clay and silt units exhibit stratigraphic onlap in the direction of ice recession, a characteristic that is recognizable in their paleo-magnetic records. The use of a secular variation record of remanent declination has an advantage over lithostratigraphic and morphostratigraphic correlation techniques in that it is time dependent. For a part of the late Pleistocene, it provides a powerful tool for correlating physically disjunct stratigraphic assemblages in New York and New England, where no other dating technique has provided interregional correlations with comparable resolution. Sampling of different exposures of contemporaneous sediment was used to demonstrate the fidelity of remanent declination as a recorder of geomagnetic declination. The remanent inclination record was not useful for testing correlations because inclinations in strata known to be contemporaneous were different. As compared to remanent inclinations from other contemporaneous lacustrine sequences in the eastern United States, the average remanent inclination of the western Mohawk Valley sediments is at least 11 degrees too shallow. Shallow inclinations may be the result of errors acquired at the time of deposition or compaction resulting from drying of the sediment, consolidation by overriding ice, or lithostatic load of overlying sediment. Subglacial deformation, dewatering, and some outcrop conditions, especially ground-water seepage, were recognized as processes that may cause or facilitate postdepositional disturbance of remanent magnetization.
Anti-phase, asymmetric and aperiodic oscillations in excitable cells—I. Coupled bursters

I seek to explain phenomena observed in simulations of populations of gap junction-coupled bursting cells by studying the dynamics of identical pairs. I use a simplified model for pancreatic β-cells and decompose the system into fast (spike-generating) and slow subsystems to show how bifurcations of the fast subsystem affect bursting behavior. When coupling is weak, the spikes are not in phase but rather are anti-phase, asymmetric or quasi-periodic. These solutions all support bursting with smaller amplitude spikes than the in-phase case, leading to increased burst period. A key geometrical feature underlying this is that the in-phase periodic solution branch terminates in a homoclinic orbit. The same mechanism also provides a model for bursting as an emergent property of populations; cells which are not intrinsic bursters can burst when coupled. This phenomenon is enhanced when symmetry is broken by making the cells differ in a parameter.
Psychogenic polydipsia with hyponatremia: report of eleven cases.

Psychogenic polydipsia is an uncommon clinical disorder characterized by excessive water-drinking in the absence of a physiologic stimulus to drink. The excessive water-drinking is well tolerated unless hyponatremia supervenes. This report describes 11 patients with psychogenic polydipsia and hyponatremia (ten men and one woman) who were collectively hospitalized a total of 70 times for treatment of complications of this disorder. This group differs from the classical patient with psychogenic polydipsia, ie, a hospitalized schizophrenic, in that none was institutionalized and there was a high incidence of chronic alcholism, (10), intractable hiccups (7), self-induced vomiting (6), and laboratory evidence for rhabdomyolysis (5).
Two modifications of Goodman´s technique for improving estimates

Suppose that a random variable X has distribution function Fx(x_; 0), where 0 is a parameter whose possible values are demen t s of | It is desired to estimate 3'(0), a real valued function o f 0, assuming squared error loss. Goodman (1953) suggested a simple technique which sometimes leads to improved estimates. That is, given a particular estimate, his method sometimes locates a different estimate with smaller mean squared error. Essentially, he restricts at tention to scalar multiples of the given estimate and searches for the best one, if such exists. This note is concerned with two modifications o f his technique. One o f the modified methods [Method I] is closely related to techniques used by Karlin (1958), Brown (1968), and Brewster and Zidek (1972).
Complexity and Organization

Living systems are quite generally spoken of as “complex” and “organized”, and it may be assumed that these terms fulfil descriptive needs, at least at an intuitive level. Yet, upon examination in terms of physical science, they may appear vague and even conflicting. Complexity seems to imply multiplicity, and organization to suggest orderliness; in which case both might be expected to find description in terms of entropy. For our purposes the entropy of a system may be defined as the logarithm of the number of microscopic properties that have to be measured at a given instant 1 in order to describe the system, and so, in the above-connotation complexity ought to be associated with high entropy, and organization with low entropy.
Residual charge on a switched capacitor [MOS type]

A simple semiempirical model is presented to estimate the residual charge (feedthrough error) on a switched MOS capacitor. The model ignores the complexities of changing channel resistance during the turnoff transient, treating the channel as a simple on/off switch. In spite of this simplification, the results agree with computer simulations over a wide range of parameters. The model is easily extended to more complex situations found in typical switched-capacitor circuits.
Cardiovascular recovery from stress predicts longitudinal changes in blood pressure.

Cardiovascular reactivity and recovery were examined as predictors of blood pressure changes over 3 years. Blood pressure and heart rate readings were obtained from 73 men and women aged 18–20 years during cold pressor, mental arithmetic, tourniquet ischemia, cycle exercise and step exercise tasks. Regression analyses indicated that after adjustment for initial blood pressure, initial age, initial body-mass index, sex, parental history of hypertension, and length of follow-up, heightened heart rate reactivity to mental arithmetic was associated with increased follow-up systolic blood pressure (ΔR2=0.04, P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure recovery from cold pressor and tourniquet ischemia were also positively related to follow-up systolic blood pressure (ΔR2=0.04 and 0.04, respectively, P<0.05) and remained so even after adjustment for the corresponding cardiovascular reactivity measures. These findings suggest that cardiovascular reactivity and recovery measures are modest predictors of longitudinal changes in blood pressure.
Migration of objects and inferences across episodes.

Participants viewed episodes in the form of a series of photographs portraying ordinary routines (e.g., eating at a restaurant) and later received a recognition test. In Experiment 1, it was shown that objects (e.g., a vase of flowers, a pewter lantern) that appeared in a single episode during the study phase migrated between memories of episodes described by the same abstract schema (e.g., from Restaurant Episode A at study to Restaurant Episode B at test), and not between episodes anchored by different schemas. In Experiment 2, it was demonstrated that backward causal inferences from one study episode influenced memories of other episodes described by the same schema, and that high-schema-relevant items viewed in one episode were sometimes remembered as having occurred in another episode of the same schematic type.