cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are cancer registries a viable tool for cancer survivor outreach? A feasibility study

Purpose Little is known about cancer survivors’ receptivity to being contacted through cancer registries for research and health promotion efforts. We sought to (1) determine breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors’ responsiveness to a mailed survey using an academic medical center’s cancer registry, (2) assess whether responsiveness varied according to sociodemographic characteristics and medical history, and (3) examine the prevalence and correlates of respondents’ awareness and willingness to be contacted through the state cancer registry for future research studies.
Effect of aspect ratio on wing rock at low Reynolds number

Abstract Wing rock phenomenon has been studied extensively on slender delta wings but a little is understood about wing rock occurring on rectangular wing planforms, which is the focus of this paper. Specifically, a systematic procedure is discussed for experimental studies of single degree-of-freedom wing rock on rectangular wings. The characterization of limit cycle oscillations in terms of amplitude and frequency is based on the free-to-roll tests in wind tunnel. Rectangular wings with aspect ratio from 2 to 4.5 (with increment of 0.25) are studied at low Reynolds numbers (less than 0.1 million) and low Strouhal numbers ( 10 − 2 ) that are typical for the flight of micro air vehicles in urban environment. The changing trend in oscillation amplitude and frequency of the resulting sustained limit cycle oscillations is analyzed. The results indicate that wing rock occurs in post-stall regime (14–16° of angle of attack) and its amplitude tends to increase from aspect ratio 2 to 3.25 and decrease thereafter. The wing-rock frequency shows a decrease from aspect ratio of 2 to 3.75 and increase thereafter.
The Ultrasonic Welding Mechanism as Applied to Aluminum-and Gold-Wire Bonding in Microelectronics

This paper represents a review as well as an extension of previous work concerned with the mechanism of microelectronic ultrasonic welding for both aluminum and gold wires. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the mechanism of gold-to-gold ultrasonic bonding. These experiments, including lift-off pattern studies, clamped-wire studies, and bond deformation versus ultrasonic vibration amplitude studies, indicate that gold ultrasonic bonding takes place primarily by means of a deformation mechanism as opposed to a heating or sliding mechanism. This is substantially the same result previously obtained from studies on the aluminum ultrasonic bonding mechanism. Further, it is shown that a deformation mechanism also holds for other forms of solid phase microelectronic bonding. Specific examples are taken from electric discharge "tweezer welds" and from thermocompression bonds. The role of contaminant removal and certain reliability aspects of ultrasonic bonding are also discussed.
How do fibroblasts interact with the extracellular matrix in wound contraction

Two strong yet contradictory theories exist on how wound contraction occurs. This article, in two parts, reviews the research on both sides and discusses the limitations of non-human experiments.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE MAXIMUM DEPTH OF COLONIZATION BY SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES IN FLORIDA LAKES

Abstract In 32 Florida lakes, Secchi depth (SD), light attenuation coefficient measured with a light meter, plant and sediment type, and slope were examined with respect to the maximum depth of plant colonization (MDC). The MDC was shown to be significantly related to light through measurements taken by SD (R2 = 0.46; p < 0.05) and a light meter (R2 = 0.41; p < 0.05). While both light measurements can be used to estimate MDC, SD accounted for more variance in MDC than light attenuation coefficients. Plant type, sediment type and slope did not account for more variance in MDC than light measurements for these Florida lakes. Additional unpublished data from 187 Florida Lakes (Florida LAKEWATCH, 279 lake-years of data) also showed a significant positive relationship between SD and MDC (R2 = 0.68; p < 0.05). The best fit MDC-SD regression line in meters was: log (MDC) = 0.66 log (SD) + 0.31. A maximum MDC line relating MDC to SD in meters was also calculated and was found to be equal to: log (max MDC) = 0.53 ...
Anatomy of competitive advantage: a SELECT framework

Competitive advantage is the basis for superior performance. Understanding the anatomy of competitive advantage is of paramount importance to general managers who bear the ultimate responsibility for a firm’s long term survival and success. Advances an integrative framework called SELECT to help general managers systematically examine the various facets of the anatomy of competitive advantage: its substance, expression, locale, effect, cause, and time‐span. Analyzing the causes of competitive advantage helps a firm create and gain advantage. Studying the substance, expression, locale, and effect of competitive advantage allows the firm to better utilize the advantage. Examining the time span of competitive advantage enables the firm to fully exploit the advantage according to its potential and sustainability.
Children's Discourse Patterns and Power Relations in Teacher-Led and Child-Led Sharing Time.

This study investigates children's language and interaction patterns during sharing time in a first grade classroom. When sharing time shifted from a teacher‐led to a child‐led event, corresponding changes appeared in children's language, including in discourse routines, style, content, and frequency of verbal interactions. In child‐led formats, peer culture flourished. Several linguistic routines were developed and used by children as a means of social control, as an agent for group bonding, and as expressions of care and concern. Two different child‐led formats revealed how the event's structure regulated participation and length of turn during sharing sessions. We suggest that teachers create speech situations that children are allowed to control. Such occasions encourage children's language development, learning through language, and the kind of collaboration essential for growth of peer culture.
Novel Roles for the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Regulating Neuronal Function

Two new reports offer exciting evidence of novel roles for components of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway in the nervous system. Transcriptional activation by NF-kappaB and chromatin remodeling by inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) kinase complex (IKK) have been linked to recall and reconsolidation of conditioned fear memories in the mammalian central nervous system. In the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, a member of the NF-kappaB family has been reported to regulate glutamate receptor clustering. Both reports could have important implications for the function of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neuronal plasticity.
A Neutron Star Atmosphere in the Laboratory with Petawatt Lasers

We discuss the preliminary estimates to create Neutron Star atmospheric conditions in the laboratory and the possibility of generating photon bubbles. The minimal requirements for photonbubble instability could potentially be met with a properly configured 10 ps petawatt laser experiment. The high energy (multi-MeV) electrons generated by an ultra-intense laser interacting with a foil are coupled to the electrons in the solid to heat the entire solid generating high thermal temperatures. Small amounts of matter could potentially be heated to ∼1 keV temperatures with large radiation temperature. Additionally, 2-D PIC simulations show large B-fields on both the front and back of these targets with B fields consistent with experiments using the petawatt at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Tatarakis, M. et al.: 2002c, Nature 415, 280).
Polydisperse tube diameters compromise multiple open tubular chromatographyw

This article demonstrates that even 1% polydispersity in hollow-fiber diameters can increase plate heights by as much as an order of magnitude. The demonstration includes an analytical extension of the Taylor-Aris and the Golay dispersion theories, a numerical solution using the measured polydispersity, and successful predictions of the performance of different hollow-fiber systems over a range of flow rates. All these results show that the effect of polydispersity can dominate column performance, especially in the region where the column efficiency is optimal.
Mediastinal chemodectoma and thoracic aortography. A case report.

Summary A case of chemodectoma probably arising from the aortic body near the left subclavian artery is reported. The vascular nature and the extent of the tumour is demonstrated by thoracic aortography. Careful evaluation of the information available from this examination should contribute significantly to subsequent management of these tumours.
Integrated BS/ONU Placement in Hybrid EPON-WiMAX Access Networks

Integrated optical and wireless networks are considered as the next generation access networks because of the potential benefits from both technologies. In this paper, we consider the integrated BS/ONU (IBO) placement problem in the hybrid EPON-WiMAX system to efficiently utilize network resources as well as reduce the system cost. We propose a modified clustering algorithm (MCA) to obtain the near-optimal result that minimizes the number of IBOs needed to support all wireless relay BSs residing in the wireless part of the integrated system, while satisfying several necessary quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, e.g., hop count, cluster size, etc. In contrast to the existing related work, our MCA approach forms the clusters starting from the network edge towards its center and the construction of clusters is not only based on the "greedy" idea but also considers the load balance. Simulation and numerical results show that the number of IBOs generated from our algorithm is always less than or equal to the best results known in the current literature, but our algorithm can achieve better network performance in terms of the reduced average transmission delay, lowered link failure probability and more balanced load.
Persistent Oligarchs: Elites and Politics in Chihuahua, Mexico 1910–1940

Did the Mexican Revolution do away with the ruling class of the old regime? Did a new ruling class rise to take the old one's place-and if so, what differences resulted? In this compelling study, the first of its kind, Mark Wasserman pursues these questions through an analysis of the history and politics of the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua from 1910 to 1940. Chihuahua boasted one of the strongest pre-revolutionary elite networks, the Terrazas-Creel family. Wasserman describes this group's efforts to maintain its power after the Revolution, including its use of economic resources and intermarriage to forge partnerships with the new, revolutionary elite. Together, the old and new elites confronted a national government that sought to reestablish centralized control over the states and the masses. Wasserman shows how the revolutionary government and the popular classes, joined in opposition to the challenge of the elites, finally formalized into a national political party during the 1930s. Persistent Oligarchs concludes with an account of the Revolution's ultimate outcome, largely accomplished by 1940: the national government gaining central control over politics, the popular classes obtaining land redistribution and higher wages, and regional elites, old and new, availing themselves of the great opportunities presented by economic development. A complex analysis of revolution as a vehicle for both continuity and change, this work is essential to an understanding of Mexico and Latin America, as well as revolutionary politics and history.
ALLELIC RELATIONSHIP OF GENES DETERMINING EXTENDED BLACK, WILD TYPE AND BROWN PLUMAGE PATTERNS IN THE FOWL.

Abstract THE possibility of a multiple allelic series at the E locus of the domestic fowl was first suggested by Smyth and Bohren (1949). Their conclusion that 3 and possibly 4 alleles were involved in the plumage color differences between Black Australorp, New Hampshire, Brown Leghorn and Dark Cornish breeds suggested a major role for the E alleles in feather pigmentation. Kimball (1952a) also reported multiple alleles determining the black, columbian and wild type patterns and over a period of years demonstrated the importance of the E series in the diverse plumage patterns which are found in the domestic fowl (Kimball, 1952a, b, 1953a, b, 1954a, 1956a, 1960). Prior to the demonstration by the above of a wild type allele of E (designated as e+ by Kimball, 1951), it was generally accepted that extended black (E) and the columbian restriction factor (e) were alleles (see Hutt, 1949, for review). This conclusion was…
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Rent-Seeking Obstacles to Changing Environmental Practices and Sustainable Public Procurement in China

Over the last 30 years China has enjoyed economic growth averaging about 10% of gross domestic product (GDP) per year. But this economic growth has come at a high environmental cost. In China appro...
Trilateration-Based Localization Algorithm Using the Lemoine Point Formulation

ABSTRACTThe centroid of three most closely spaced intersections of constant-range loci is conventionally used as trilateration estimate without rigorous justification. In this paper, we address the quality of trilateration intersections through range scaling factors. Several triangle centres, including centroid, incentre, Lemoine point, and Fermat point, are discussed in detail. Lemoine point (LP) is proposed as the best trilateration estimator thanks to the desired property that the total distance to three triangle edges is minimized. It is demonstrated through simulation that LP outperforms centroid localization without additional computational load. In addition, severe trilateration scenarios such as two-intersection cases are considered in this paper, and enhanced trilateration algorithms are proposed.
Relationship Between Hospital Performance on a Patient Satisfaction Survey and Surgical Quality

Importance The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services include patient experience as a core component of its Value-Based Purchasing program, which ties financial incentives to hospital performance on a range of quality measures. However, it remains unclear whether patient satisfaction is an accurate marker of high-quality surgical care. Objective To determine whether hospital performance on a patient satisfaction survey is associated with objective measures of surgical quality. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective observational study of participating American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS NSQIP) hospitals. We used data from a linked database of Medicare inpatient claims, ACS NSQIP, the American Hospital Association annual survey, and Hospital Compare from December 2, 2004, through December 31, 2008. A total of 103 866 patients older than 65 years undergoing inpatient surgery were included. Hospitals were grouped by quartile based on their performance on the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey. Controlling for preoperative risk factors, we created hierarchical logistic regression models to predict the occurrence of adverse postoperative outcomes based on a hospital’s patient satisfaction scores. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day postoperative mortality, major and minor complications, failure to rescue, and hospital readmission. Results Of the 180 hospitals, the overall mean patient satisfaction score was 68.0% (first quartile mean, 58.7%; fourth quartile mean, 76.7%). Compared with patients treated at hospitals in the lowest quartile, those at the highest quartile had significantly lower risk-adjusted odds of death (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99), failure to rescue (odds ratio = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96), and minor complication (odds ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75-0.99). This translated to relative risk reductions of 11.1% ( P = .04), 12.6% ( P = .02), and 11.5% ( P = .04), respectively. No significant relationship was noted between patient satisfaction and either major complication or hospital readmission. Conclusions and Relevance Using a national sample of hospitals, we demonstrated a significant association between patient satisfaction scores and several objective measures of surgical quality. Our findings suggest that payment policies that incentivize better patient experience do not require hospitals to sacrifice performance on other quality measures.
Convection Limited Sorption Kinetics in Packed Beds

If the rate capacity of sorbent particles to sorb exceeds the bulk convection rate of sorbate to those particles, then the latter mechanism is rate controlling. In a continuous flow packed bed reactor, this occurs at some point in the sorption uptake zone. Here the concentration level of sorbate decreases continuously forming a sorbate concentration profile. Convection rate decreases proportionately, finally to the point that it is rate limiting. This critical transition point from particle kinetics to convection limited kinetics occurs at the inflection point of the concentration profile. Beyond the inflection point the profile shape is determined by the probability of contacts between the flowing sorbate molecules and the particles comprising the packed bed, which can be expressed as a decay function. The decay function was verified experimentally and an expression for sorption uptake rate was developed for the convection limited case. Removal of trace organics by activated carbon beds in water treatment is an example.
ABCT at 50 Years: Reflections, Changes, and Future

Abstract The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) celebrates its 50th year in 2016. Personal and historical anecdotes illustrating the growth of the organization, and the parallel evolution of its affiliated therapies, are presented. From the author’s perspective, the integration of behavioral and cognitive therapies marked the first few decades of ABCT; the incorporation of mindfulness represents the most significant change in cognitive and behavioral interventions in the last 20 years. Recent developments in therapy’s relationship with technology (including computer-based intervention, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis) are explored. Potential future impacts of these developments are discussed in regards to the dissemination of interventions and the prevention and diagnosis of disorders, the contributions of neuroscience findings and methodologies, and the personalization of treatment.
Lattice instability and high-Tc superconductivity in La2-xBaxCuO4.

${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ exhibits high-${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductivity with an onset temperature near 33 K as measured by resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. The nonsuperconducting end-member compound, ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$, which has an orthorhombic, Cmca structure, exhibits semiconducting behavior. The orthorhombic distortion is proposed to result from a Peierls 2${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ instability or a soft zone-boundary phonon mode. The role of Ba is to suppress the instability and stabilize a higher-symmetry tetragonal, I4/mmm structure which is metallic and superconducting.
Coronal Loop Mapping to Infer the Best Magnetic Field Models for Active Region Prominences

This article comments on the results of a new, rapid, and flexible manual method to map on-disk individual coronal loops of a two-dimensional EUV image into a three-dimensional coronal loop. The method by Gary, Hu, and Lee (2013) employs cubic Bezier splines to map coronal loops using only four free parameters per loop. A set of 2D splines for coronal loops is transformed to the best 3D magnetic fields for a particular coronal model. The results restrict the magnetic field models derived from extrapolations of magnetograms to those admissible and inadmissible via a fitness parameter. This method uses the minimization of the misalignment angles between the magnetic field model and the best set of 3D field lines that match a set of closed coronal loops. We comment on the implication of the fitness parameter in connection with the magnetic free energy and comment on extensions of our earlier work by considering the issues of employing open coronal loops or employing partial coronal loop. .
ESTIMATION OF VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE COMPONENTS

The theory of variance component analysis has been discussed recently by Crump (1946, 1951) and by Eisenhart (1947). These papers and, indeed, most of the published works on estimating variance components deal with the one-way classification, with "nested" classifications, and with factorial classifications having equal subclass numbers. Also most papers on this subject are concerned with what Eisenhart (1947) has called Model II; that is, all elements of the linear model save gi are regarded as random variables. In the above cases, estimation of variance components is usually accomplished by computing the mean squares in the standard analysis of variance, equating these mean squares to their expectations, and solving for the unknown variances. These techniques are described in many statistical textbooks. Unfortunately, research workers in some of those fields in which much use is made of variance component estimates are unable to obtain data which have the above described characteristics. This is particularly true in those fields in which survey data must be used or where, even in a well-planned experiment, the subclasses are of quite unequal size due, for example, to differences in litter numbers. Also,
Photomodulated Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods and Their Alignment in Thermotropic Liquid Crystal

Three terminal thiols possessing azobenzene and perylene diimide (PDI) segments covalently linked by alkylene spacers of different lengths (PnSH, n = 4, 6, and 8) were synthesized to stabilize and functionalize gold nanorods (GNRs) via strong covalent Au–S bonds onto the gold surface. The resulting hydrophobic thiol monolayer-protected GNRs (PnGNRs) were stable in both organic solvent and the solid state and exhibited fascinating photoresponsive self-assembly behavior. The PDI moieties provided π–π interactions to promote GNR self-assemblies while the photoresponsive azobenzene moieties offered a way to phototune the assemblies in a reversible manner. Interestingly, when PnGNRs were mixed with a structurally similar room-temperature thermotropic liquid-crystal perylene diimide (LCP), the UV-irradiated PnGNRs showed more compatibility with the LCP host than their corresponding unirradiated ones. Furthermore, the PnGNRs with varied alkylene chain lengths showed different dispersion abilities in LCP. The UV-...
Paul Sears and the Plowshare Advisory Committee: “Subversive” Ecologist Endorses Nuclear Excavation?

In the late 1950s Paul Sears, director of the nation’s first graduate program in conservation, was called upon to join a special committee of leading scientists and engineers to advise the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on its Plowshare program. Project Plowshare, a creation of scientists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in California, was designed to utilize nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, such as excavating harbors and canals, releasing mineral and gas deposits, generating electrical power, and producing radionuclides. The early focus of the Plowshare Advisory Committee was to assess the feasibility of Project Chariot, a planned experiment to use several nuclear detonations to excavate a harbor on the far northwest coast of Alaska, for which the Atomic Energy Commission, under some pressure from Alaska-based scientists, had funded a large number of preliminary environmental investigations. Despite resistance from some of the scientists, local Native American groups, and a number of individuals and organizations in the continental United States, the committee recommended going ahead with Project Chariot as well as with other Plowshare projects conceived on an even larger scale. Sears, best known for his Dust Bowl classic Deserts on the March and later for his suggestion that ecology is a subversive subject, would seem an unlikely supporter of such a program. This article explores his role on the advisory committee within the context of his life and work, and within the framework of the science-government relationship in the United States during the fifties and early sixties, before the environmental movement fully developed.
Study on the Diffusion Kinetics of Aluminum Alloy Cast during Homogenizing Treatment

The distribution of the alloying elements in the billet produced by electric magnetic casting beforeand after homogenizing treatment was studied by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis.Atthe grain boundary,the Cu,Zn and Mg elements are segregated and the segregation ratio(SR)is 19.2,2.6 and 1.85respectively.Meanwhile,the diffusion kinetics of the alloy elements during the homogenizing treatment was studied,with the result that the homogenizing equation is deduced.The best homogenizing regulation of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cualloy is 450℃,24h based on the conclusion of the experiments and the computation.
Long-term treatment of canine cyclic hematopoiesis with recombinant canine stem cell factor

Grey collie dogs have cyclic fluctuations in their blood cell counts caused by a regulatory defect of hematopoietic stem cells. To examine the role of stem cell factor (SCF) or its receptor in this disorder, we investigated the stimulatory effects of recombinant canine SCF (rc-SCF) on in vitro marrow cultures, cloned and sequenced the grey collie SCF gene, and treated three grey collies with rc-SCF, either alone or in combination with recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcG-CSF). Colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage formation from grey collie or normal dog marrow showed similar dose-response curves for rc-SCF. Cloning and sequencing the SCF gene for two grey collies showed no evidence of mutations in the coding region of the SCF gene. Treatment with rc-SCF (10 to 100 micrograms/kg/d) did not induce neutrophilia except at the highest dose (100 micrograms/kg/d), but daily rc-SCF abrogated the neutropenic periods in doses of 20 micrograms/kg/d or greater. Combination of rc-G-CSF (0.5 to 1.0 microgram/kg/d) with rc-SCF treatment (20 to 50 micrograms/kg/d) suggested a synergistic effect, ie, the neutrophil levels on combined therapy were higher than the sum of the levels when these two cytokines were given separately. Long-term treatment of these dogs with rc-SCF in doses of 10 to 30 micrograms/kg/d was generally well tolerated, suggesting that SCF may be useful as a therapy for some chronic hypoproliferative disorders of hematopoiesis.
The Diagnosis of Neoplasia in Patients with Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria: A Decision Analysis

AbstractClinical decision analysis and a computer model were used to evaluate the performance of alternative strategies for the diagnosis of neoplasia in adults with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Strategies consisted of sequences of diagnostic tests, including ultrasound, excretory urography, angiography, computerized tomography and cystoscopy. The strategies have a sensitivity of 98 to 100 per cent for bladder cancer and 90 to 94 per cent for renal carcinoma, and a specificity of 99 per cent. The cost per carcinoma diagnosed is $75,000 to $86,000 at 1 per cent prevalence and $5,000 to $5,800 at 15 per cent prevalence. Strategies using cystoscopy or ultrasound as the initial diagnostic test minimized cost and morbidity while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. Excretory urography does not add significantly to diagnostic accuracy but it does add to cost and morbidity.
The Distribution System

This chapter describes commerce as an economic activity. The marketing is fundamentally different from the other economic activities because it forms a part of the system of distribution of goods rather than that of their production. The joint production and barter modes form a part of this system. In marketing, intermediaries carry finished goods from one point to another. Either the small quantities of goods are gathered into larger quantities to facilitate transportation or larger units are broken down into smaller ones to favor sale. The cases where peasants, herders, and artisans sell their products directly to a consumer rather than barter them are relatively unimportant in the overall distribution of goods. The marketing units generally correspond to the cash mode of articulation. Considering the Sicuani area as an entity, there are three possible combinations of producers and consumers: (1) intraregional trade, (2) interregional export trade, (3) and interregional import trade.
Meaningful timescales from Monte Carlo simulations of particle systems with hard-core interactions

A new Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for simulating the dynamics of particle systems characterized by hard-core interactions is introduced. In contrast to traditional Kinetic Monte Carlo approaches, where the state of the system is associated with minima in the energy landscape, in the proposed method, the state of the system is associated with the set of paths traveled by the atoms and the transition probabilities for an atom to be displaced are proportional to the corresponding velocities. In this way, the number of possible state-to-state transitions is reduced to a discrete set, and a direct link between the Monte Carlo time step and true physical time is naturally established. The resulting rejection-free algorithm is validated against event-driven molecular dynamics: the equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of hard disks converge to the exact results with decreasing displacement size.
Investigation of full bandgaps in silicon phononic crystal membranes with tungsten and air inclusions

It has been observed experimentally that solid-solid PnCs have larger bandgaps for a wide range of hole radii and slab thicknesses than their solid-air counterparts. Here, we theoretically investigate the optimal hole radius and thickness parameters for full bandgap formation (accounting for all transverse and longitudinal modes) in PnCs formed from a Si matrix with a square-lattice of W inclusions. The plane-wave expansion technique was used to calculate the dispersion behavior for in-plane and out-of-plane transverse and longitudinal (flexural) modes, implementing a supercell method to account for the finite third dimension. The results are compared with those for a PnC composed of air holes in a Si matrix.
Reliability improvements for Cockroft-Walton high voltage multipliers

Persistent equipment failures with 50 kV Cockroft-Walton (CW) high-voltage multiplier modules have resulted in a two-year reliability improvement program to reduce downtime from failed multipliers. A complete analysis of the reliability problem was performed. Failure modes were identified, stringent component testing implemented, epoxy potting procedures studied, modifications to internal structures implemented, and lengthy burn-in testing performed on modified multipliers. Internal corona (due to nonuniform electric field intensities) and tracking (from possible internal contamination) leading to eventual multiplier failure were addressed as significant causes of multiplier failures. Modified multipliers are shown to have greatly increased reliability, leading to corresponding decreases in maintenance manpower requirements. >
Intensive Care Patients

Patients participating in medical rehabilitation often come from an intensive care unit (ICU) environment and are recovering from critical illnesses or traumatic injuries. During ICU hospitalization patients can experience difficulties including lost autonomy, fear/anxiety, depressive symptoms, confusion/delirium, sleep/wake cycle dysregulation, or pain. These issues not only affect ICU and acute care hospitalization, but also can affect the rehabilitation process and recovery.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Cycling Cleat Designed for Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Background Offloading devices for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) generally restrict exercise. In addition to traditional health benefits, exercise could benefit DFU by increasing blood flow and acting as thermotherapy. This study functionally evaluated a cycling cleat designed for forefoot DFU. Methods Fifteen individuals at risk of developing a DFU used a recumbent stationary bicycle to complete one 5-minute cycling bout with the DFU cleat on their study foot and one 5-minute bout without it. Foot stress was evaluated by plantar pressure insoles during cycling. Laser Doppler perfusion monitored blood flow to the hallux. Infrared photographs measured foot temperature before and after each cycling bout. Results The specialized cleat significantly reduced forefoot plantar pressure (9.9 kPa versus 62.6 kPa, P Conclusions The specialized cleat allowed participants to exercise with minimal forefoot stress. The observed increase in perfusion suggests that healing might improve if patients with active DFU were to use the cleat. Potential thermotherapy for DFU was not supported by this study. Evaluation of the device among individuals with active DFU is now warranted.
Essential Oils from Thyme (Thymus vulgaris): Chemical Composition and Biological Effects in Mouse Model

Abstract Thymus species are popular spices and contain volatile oils as main chemical constituents. Recently, plant-derived essential oils are gaining significant attention due to their significant biological activities. Seven different thymus-derived essential oils were compared in our study. First, we focused on their chemical composition, which was followed up by testing their effects on phagocytosis, cytokine production, chemotaxis, edema inhibition, and liver protection. We found limited biological activities among tested oils, with no correlation between composition and biological effects. Similarly, no oils were effective in every reaction. Based on our data, the tested biological use of these essential oils is questionable.
Close Reading, Teaching the Conflicts: Reading Reflectively in Korea

Teaching in a liberal arts college in Seoul, my most striking realization has been the need to teach students close reading. The difficulty they find in performing detail-oriented textual analysis is, in part, a product of their prior literature learning, which is significantly inflected by colonial history; their resistance to the method, moreover, can be traced to issues of neoliberalism and globalization, most concretely in the mismatch they perceive between “liberal learning” and the society and job market awaiting them. To enable students to determine for themselves the value of close reading, I argue, they need to be trained to reflect on their modes of reading. My most sustained effort in this regard has been a seminar called “Literature and Pedagogy,” inspired by Gerald Graff’s call for “teaching the conflicts.” In focusing on the critical debates that have shaped the discipline of English, most students gain significant appreciation for the virtues of active and reflective learning, while adopting a more critical stance vis-a-vis their prior literature learning and the university itself. Such a metacritical approach to English does not resolve the tensions impacting their educational lives, but it does give them the capacity to more critically and reflectively negotiate them.
On the Asymptotic Properties of Solutions of Some Functional-Differential Equations

We establish new properties of the solutions of functional-differential equations with constant delay and linearly transformed arguments.
The non-invasive exfoliated transcriptome (exfoliome) reflects the tissue-level transcriptome in a mouse model of NSAID enteropathy

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently used classes of medications in the world, yet they induce an enteropathy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A major limitation to better understanding the pathophysiology and diagnosis of this enteropathy is the difficulty of obtaining information about the primary site of injury, namely the distal small intestine. We investigated the utility of using mRNA from exfoliated cells in stool as a means to surveil the distal small intestine in a murine model of NSAID enteropathy. Specifically, we performed RNA-Seq on exfoliated cells found in feces and compared these data to RNA-Seq from both the small intestinal mucosa and colonic mucosa of healthy control mice or those exhibiting NSAID-induced enteropathy. Global gene expression analysis, data intersection, pathway analysis, and computational approaches including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used to assess the inter-relatedness of tissue (invasive) and stool (noninvasive) datasets. These analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell transcriptome closely mirrored the transcriptome of the small intestinal mucosa. Thus, the exfoliome may serve as a non-invasive means of detecting and monitoring NSAID enteropathy (and possibly other gastrointestinal mucosal inflammatory diseases).
Emerging Adults and Risky and Dangerous Behaviors

Emerging adulthood is a period of exploration. During this time experimentation in substance use, sexuality, and other risky and dangerous behaviors are common. These behaviors are examined, statistics regarding prevalence presented, and consequences discussed.
Attentional Bias Modification for Social Anxiety Disorder: What do Patients Think and Why does it Matter?

Background In the past decade, a great deal of research has examined the efficacy and mechanisms of attentional bias modification (ABM), a computerized cognitive training intervention for anxiety and other disorders. However, little research has examined how anxious patients perceive ABM, and it is unclear to what extent perceptions of ABM influence outcome. Aims To examine patient perceptions of ABM across two studies, using a mixed methods approach. Method In the first study, participants completed a traditional ABM program and received a hand-out with minimal information about the purpose of the task. In the second study, participants completed an adaptive ABM program and were provided with more extensive rationale and instructions for changing attentional biases. Results A number of themes emerged from qualitative data related to perceived symptom changes and mechanisms of action, acceptability, early perceptions of the program, barriers/facilitators to engagement, and responses to adaptive features. Moreover, quantitative data suggested that patients' perceptions of the program predicted symptom reduction as well as change in attentional bias. Conclusions Our quantitative data suggest that it may be possible to quickly and inexpensively identify some patients who may benefit from current ABM programs, although our qualitative data suggest that ABM needs major modifications before it will be an acceptable and credible treatment more broadly. Although the current study was limited by sample size and design features of the parent trials from which these data originated, our findings may be useful for guiding hypotheses in future studies examining patient perceptions towards ABM.
Patent foramen ovale closure reduces recurrent stroke risk in cryptogenic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Patent foramen ovale closure reduces recurrent stroke risk in cryptogenic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
The Effects of Intrathecally Administered Opioid and Adrenergic Agents on Spinal Function

From the preceding chapters of this book, it is clear that the basic experimental work carried out during the past 10–15 years has led to a remarkable growth in our appreciation of the anatomic and biochemical complexity of the afferent systems through which sensory information in general and that associated with pain in particular is processed.
Unbundling the Faculty Role in Higher Education: Utilizing Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Frameworks to Inform Future Research

The growth in online and distance education has focused increased attention on unbundling faculty roles in delivering instruction, yet unbundling related to faculty work has been occurring in higher education for over three centuries. In this paper, we examine unbundling of the faculty role in higher education to provide scholars, university leaders, faculty, disciplinary leaders, and policy makers with historical context, theoretical frameworks, and gaps in the empirical literature to inform research and decision-making pertaining to the differentiation of university and faculty tasks. We describe unbundling historically in order to highlight how the faculty role has shifted over time, demonstrating this is not a new phenomenon. We also review theoretical frameworks and their mechanisms to inform our understanding of the history and future of unbundling and suggest the importance of multiple theories to best understand this complex phenomenon. We then examine the limited empirical research findings on unbundling the faculty role, which have not been synthesized to date. We conclude by offering directions for future research regarding unbundling based on the history, theory, and empirical research reviewed, as well as recommendations for policy.
Manufacturing defects in composites and their effects on performance

Abstract Manufacturing defects are inevitable in composite structures. They can be reduced but not totally eliminated. While the defects depend on the manufacturing process, their significance varies with the performance requirements placed on the structure. A good engineering approach is, therefore, to allow defects that would not jeopardize safe performance and in return reduce the manufacturing cost. This chapter reviews common manufacturing defects in composites followed by discussions of their effects on performance and implication on cost reduction by cost/performance trade-offs.
Locally Private Gaussian Estimation

We study a basic private estimation problem: each of $n$ users draws a single i.i.d. sample from an unknown Gaussian distribution, and the goal is to estimate the mean of this Gaussian distribution while satisfying local differential privacy for each user. Informally, local differential privacy requires that each data point is individually and independently privatized before it is passed to a learning algorithm. Locally private Gaussian estimation is therefore difficult because the data domain is unbounded: users may draw arbitrarily different inputs, but local differential privacy nonetheless mandates that different users have (worst-case) similar privatized output distributions. We provide both adaptive two-round solutions and nonadaptive one-round solutions for locally private Gaussian estimation. We then partially match these upper bounds with an information-theoretic lower bound. This lower bound shows that our accuracy guarantees are tight up to logarithmic factors for all sequentially interactive $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-locally private protocols.
Evaluating Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion.

PurposeAn ASCO provisional clinical opinion (PCO) offers timely clinical direction to ASCO’s membership and other health care providers. This PCO addresses identification and management of patients and family members with possible predisposition to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature published from January 1998 to June 2018. Results of the databases searched were supplemented with hand searching of the bibliographies of systematic reviews and selected seminal articles and contributions from Expert Panel members’ curated files.Provisional Clinical OpinionAll patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma should undergo assessment of risk for hereditary syndromes known to be associated with an increased risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Assessment of risk should include a comprehensive review of family history of cancer. Individuals with a family history of pancreatic cancer affecting two first-degree relatives meet criteria...
Manufacturing and Migration in Eurasia

This article investigates the social foundations of apparel manufacturing in Kyrgyzstan. Drawing upon interviews and a survey of Bishkek-based workshop owners, a bottom-up analysis finds that many ...
Interactive Video Authoring of Instruction for the Mentally Handicapped

The article describes the development and field testing of a Microcomputer/Videodisc computer assisted instruction system for mentally handicapped students with primary emphasis on the authoring sy...
Sulfurous and sulfonic acids: Predicting the infrared spectrum and setting the surface straight

Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) is an infamously elusive molecule. Although some theoretical papers have supposed possible roles for it in more complicated systems, it has yet to be experimentally observed. To aid experiment in detecting this molecule, we have examined the H2O + SO2 potential energy surface at the CCSDT(Q)/CBS//CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pVTZ-F12b level of theory to resolve standing discrepancies in previous reports and predict the gas-phase vibrational spectrum for H2SO3. We find that sulfurous acid has two potentially detectable rotamers, separated by 1.1 kcal mol-1 ΔH0K with a torsional barrier of 1.6 kcal mol-1. The sulfonic acid isomer is only 6.9 kcal mol-1 above the lowest enthalpy sulfurous acid rotamer, but the barrier to form it is 57.2 kcal mol-1. Error in previous reports can be attributed to misidentified stationary points, the use of density functionals that perform poorly for this system, and, most importantly, the basis set sensitivity of sulfur. Using VPT2+K, we determine that the intense S=O stretch fundamental of each species is separated from other intense peaks by at least 25 cm-1, providing a target for identification by infrared spectroscopy.
Dividend Changes, Cash Flow Predictability, and Signaling of Future Cash Flows

We present fresh evidence on the validity of the dividend signaling hypothesis (DSH), by using a new testing approach. Using a simple dividend signaling model, we derive three empirically identifiable drivers of the marginal net benefit of signaling: cash flow predictability, market-to-book ratio, and past equity returns. Our empirical tests support the DSH. There is a significantly greater association between current dividend changes and future earnings performance for firms with low cash flow predictability, low market-to-book ratio, and low past equity returns. We also present evidence that the marginal signaling benefits at the firm-level are time-varying, increasing (decreasing) in booms (recessions) and in periods of high (low) aggregate stock market performance.
Cultural Influences on Interpersonal Relationships

Individuals relate to others in ways that reflect the values, norms, beliefs, and practices of their cultures. This article provides an overview of research themes and findings on the role of culture in interpersonal relationships. This research is typically guided by theoretical frameworks focused on individualism (and independent selves), collectivism (and interdependent selves), or honor, and is also characterized by the use of multiple methodological approaches (e.g., emotional narratives, experiments, focus groups, surveys). The reviewed research reveals profound cultural differences in various aspects of interpersonal relationships, including beliefs about friends and enemies, relationship formation and dissolution, conflict, social support seeking, and the motivation to maintain a positive image in the eyes of close others.
Case Report of a 67-Year-Old Man with Zonisamide-Induced Ciliochoroidal Effusion Syndrome

Abstract Purpose Review the second reported case of zonisamide induced angle closure. Case Report Patient presentation of ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome secondary to zonisamide. Conclusions Prompt recognition and management of ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome is paramount as newer sulfonamide medications are introduced.