cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 14mW 2.5MS/s 14bit Sigma-Delta Modulator Using Pseudo-Differential Split-Path Cascode Amplifiers

Switched-capacitor biased pseudo-differential split-path cascode amplifiers are proposed to achieve high power efficiency and small die area for a 14-bit 2.5MS/s DeltaSigma modulator. Sufficient power supply rejection is maintained through the biasing circuit. A novel signal and reference sampling network eliminates input common-mode voltages and relaxes op-amp linearity requirements, making it possible to use short channel length transistors for speed and power efficiency. A prototype chip is fabricated in a 0.25mum CMOS technology with a core area of 0.27mm2. Experimental results show that 84dB dynamic range is achieved with the 1.25MHz signal bandwidth when clocked at 120MHz. The power dissipation is 14mW at 2.5V including the on-chip voltage reference buffers
Vocal Fold Paralysis as a Delayed Consequence of Neck and Chest Radiotherapy

ObjectiveTo describe a series of cases of vocal fold paralysis years after radiation therapy, including presentation, clinical course, and treatment.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsA review of 8 years of patient records yielded 10 patients (8 male and 2 female; average age 57 years [range, 29-76 years]) with vocal fold paralysis and a history of radiation therapy to the head, neck, or mediastinum. These patients did not have other possible etiologies of vocal fold paralysis. Demographic, diagnostic, clinical course, and treatment data were collected.ResultsOn average, 21 years (range, 1-27 years) elapsed between completion of radiation and presentation with vocal fold paralysis. Original pathologies included Hodgkin lymphoma (5), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (4), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1). Eight patients had unilateral left vocal fold paralysis, and 2 had bilateral neuropathy; none recovered spontaneously. All patients had ...
The Formal Group of an Elliptic Curve

Let E be an elliptic curve. In this chapter we study an “infinitesimal” neighborhood of E centered at the origin O.
The effects of mergers in markets for differentiated products

Several authors have studied conditions in which price-increasing forces associated with mergers in ahomogenous oligopoly might be offset by price-decreasing forces associated with rationalization of production. Analogously, in the case of mergers between producers ofdifferentiated products, economies of scope are a possible price-decreasing force. The interrelationship of demands can be another one. Edgeworth showed the possible strength of this latter force in demonstrating that the imposition of taxes on substitute products can cause the prices of all of them to fall. That paradoxical result is directly relevant since effects of mergers are shown to be equivalent to those of properly chosen taxes. Nevertheless, it is shown that the Edgeworth phenomenon does not carry over to mergers i.e., demand forces on their own are not sufficient for mergers to lead to reductions in all prices — although some price reductions are possible. The paper also develops conditions for all prices to rise after a merger. General conjectural variation models in both price and quantity are considered. Finally, it is shown that mergers cannot increase welfare in linear models with Bertrand or Cournot competition. The implications of the results for merger policy are briefly discussed.
Stochastic simulations of rejected World Wide Web pages

Studies the use of neural networks in a stochastic simulation of the number of rejected Web pages per search query. The evaluation of the quality of search engines should involve not only the resulting set of Web pages but also an estimate of the rejected set of pages. The iterative radial basis function (RBF) neural network developed by G. Meghabghab and G. Nasr (1999) was adapted to an actual evaluation of the number of rejected Web pages on four search engines, viz. Yahoo, Alta Vista, Google and Northern Light. Nine input variables were selected for the simulation. Typical stochastic simulation meta-models use regression models in response surface methods. An RBF divides the resulting set of responses to a query into accepted and rejected Web pages. The RBF meta-model was trained on 937 examples from a set of 9,000 different simulation runs on nine input variables. The results show that the number of rejected Web pages for a specific set of search queries on these four engines is very high. Also, a goodness measure of a search engine for a given set of queries can be designed which is a function of the coverage of the search engine and the normalized age of a new document in the resulting set for the query. This study concludes that, unless search engine designers address the issues of rejected Web pages, indexing and crawling, then the usage of the Web as a research tool for academic and educational purposes will remain hindered.
Terminating the Provincial Career: Retirement and Electoral Defeat in Canadian Provincial Legislatures, 1960–1997*

This article analyzes data on incumbent turnover in 103 provincial elections in Canada from 1960 to 1997. The author examines total turnover and the proportions attributable to retirement and electoral defeat. He notes that the overall rate of turnover in the provincial legislative assemblies is similar to that of the Canadian House of Commons. Further, voluntary retirement and electoral defeat comprise equal proportions of the total turnover. There are, however, important differences in the turnover rate and in its makeup, both by province and by time period. The author tests several models in an attempt to determine the correlates of turnover in Canadian provincial legislatures.
"Nupcias": Sentido y forma en su contexto literario

La publicacion, en 1967, de El entusiasmo, coleccion de cuentos de Antonio Skarmeta, debe apreciarse como un momento de considerable importancia en el desarrollo de la literatura del Post-boom, pues el ambiente de vitalismo y juventud que pinta es un territorio poco explorado por la narrativa del Boom. En este articulo llevamos a cabo un estudio de "Nupcias", un relato de dicha obra. Nuestro analisis pretende demostrar que el cuento comprende una critica de la novelistica del Boom, y que a la vez propone una serie alterna de criterios esteticos e ideologicos muy parecidos a los que caracterizan a una importante vertiente de la actual narrativa latinoamericana, y de la cual Skarmeta es uno de los mas conocidos representantes. The publication in 1967 of "El entusiasmo", a collection of short storie by Antonio Skarmeta, should be viewed as an event of particular significance in the development of Post-Boom literature. This article specifically studies "Nupcias", which belongs in that collection. The analysis we make intends to show that the story involves a criticism of Boom narrative, at the same time as it proposes an altemative series of ideological and aesthetic critera quite similar to those characterizing an important tributary to preesent day Latin American fiction, of which Skarmeta is one of its best known representatives.
Binding of Human Cytomegalovirus US2 to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and II Proteins Is Not Sufficient for Their Degradation

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein US2 causes degradation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy-chain (HC), class II DR-α and DM-α proteins, and HFE, a nonclassical MHC protein. In US2-expressing cells, MHC proteins present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are degraded by cytosolic proteasomes. It appears that US2 binding triggers a normal cellular pathway by which misfolded or aberrant proteins are translocated from the ER to cytoplasmic proteasomes. To better understand how US2 binds MHC proteins and causes their degradation, we constructed a panel of US2 mutants. Mutants truncated from the N terminus as far as residue 40 or from the C terminus to amino acid 140 could bind to class I and class II proteins. Nevertheless, mutants lacking just the cytosolic tail (residues 187 to 199) were unable to cause degradation of both class I and II proteins. Chimeric proteins were constructed in which US2 sequences were replaced with homologous sequences from US3, an HCMV glycoprotein that can also bind to class I and II proteins. One of these US2/US3 chimeras bound to class II but not to class I, and a second bound class I HC better than wild-type US2. Therefore, US2 residues involved in the binding to MHC class I differ subtly from those involved in binding to class II proteins. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the binding of US2 to class I and II proteins is not sufficient to cause degradation of MHC proteins. The cytosolic tail of US2 and certain US2 lumenal sequences, which are not involved in binding to MHC proteins, are required for degradation. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that US2 couples MHC proteins to components of the ER degradation pathway, enormously increasing the rate of degradation of MHC proteins.
Introduction to wide-area control of power systems

A key element in the development of smart power transmission systems over the past decade is the tremendous advancement of the Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS) technology, also commonly referred to as the Synchrophasor technology. Sophisticated digital recording devices called Phasor Measurement Units or PMUs are currently being installed at different points in the North American grid, especially under the smart grid initiatives of the US Department of Energy, to record and communicate GPS-synchronized, high sampling rate (6-60 samples/sec), dynamic power system data. Significant research efforts have been made on techniques to useWAMS for monitoring and situational awareness of large power networks dispersed across wide geographical areas. In contrast, use of WAMS for automatic feedback control has received less attention from the research community. The objective of this paper is to bridge this gap by formulating wide-area control problems for oscillation damping, voltage control, wide-area protection, and disturbance localization. We present the main research challenges that need to be overcome to realize the benefits of wide area control in power systems. Our discussion begins with a review of the fundamental physical models of different characteristic components of a large transmission-level power grid such as synchronous generators, transmission lines, and loads, followed by a description of how these subsystem-level models can be integrated to form the overall system model. We pose ten distinct control-theoretic problems. The first two problems are on using PMU measurements from selected nodes in the system to identify such system models in different resolutions in real-time, and the remaining on how the identified models can be used for designing output-feedback based damping controllers, for understanding voltage fluctuations at different nodes of the network graph, and for detecting malicious inputs entering the system dynamics via faults or extraneous attacks. We also propose two new control paradigms, namely a scheduling approach for appropriate controller selection based on online estimation of oscillation modes, and distributed phasor-based control using model estimation. We illustrate our ideas via representative examples, many of which are inspired by well-known power transfer paths in the US west coast grid, also referred to as the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC).
Rare disease-specific social media sites: An opportunity for collaboration

Rare disease patients, their families, and health professionals face unique challenges specific to rare diseases that can hinder diagnosis and treatment. For example, lack of information and feelings of isolation can stunt diagnosis and compromise patients’ physical and mental well-being, while an inability to conduct research due to low study numbers makes it difficult for health professionals to advance treatment. The purpose of this article is to exemplify the ways social media can address these problems to aid treatment and diagnosis. The article discusses the unique needs of rare disease patients and presents case studies of social media collaborations between physicians and patients, with emphasis on disease-specific sites. The primary purpose is to promote awareness of social media's benefits for rare diseases and encourage medical/patient collaborations that can help address the unique needs of this complex and growing community.
A Review of “The Future of Liberalism”

Clouding the future of liberalism is the presence of contemporary conser- vatism—or so insists Alan Wolfe in his flawed but still significant contribution to American public philosophy. Present-day...
Preventing fire-related occupational deaths: residential sprinklers save civilians, property, and firefighters

Residential fires are an important public health problem, with proven strategies to prevent death and injury. Residential sprinkler systems are one such strategy. While the benefits of this technology tend to center on civilian lives and property, there are also benefits for firefighters. The purpose of this article is to describe these benefits and discuss residential sprinkler systems as a strategy to reduce the risk of firefighter injury and death. Because of the benefits for firefighter safety, firefighters' knowledge about fire prevention, and their authority on this topic, firefighters are an essential stakeholder for raising awareness among the public and policymakers about the existence of and benefits associated with residential sprinkler systems.
Development of a radioligand receptor assay for measuring follitropin in serum : application to premature ovarian failure

We have developed a radioligand receptor assay (RRA) with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for quantifying follitropin (FSH) in unextracted serum samples. Standard curves prepared by adding pituitary FSH to either buffer or gonadotropin-free serum were parallel and statistically indistinguishable in this assay, whereas gonadotropin-free serum alone had no activity. Cross-reactivity with related pituitary hormones was negligible. Pituitary FSH was calibrated with commonly used reference preparations so that RRA results could be compared with RIA results for identical standards. The patterns in daily blood samples in six normal menstrual cycles were similar by both methods. The mean RIA:RIA ratio in both the follicular and luteal phases was between 0.6 and 0.7, and at mid-cycle decreased to 0.48, suggesting an alteration of isohormone composition at mid-cycle. In 27 women with premature ovarian failure, RRA:RIA ratios ranged from below the RRA minimum detectable dose to 4.6, suggesting that immunoreactive FSH might not be capable of binding to the FSH receptor in some patients, whereas in patients with high RRA:RIA ratios, circulating inhibitors of FSH receptor binding might be present and perhaps contributing to the observed ovarian failure. Use of this RRA in conjunction with RIA and in vitro bioassays may better define the relative contribution of FSH isohormones, autocrine or paracrine modulators of FSH bioactivity, and FSH-receptor binding competitors to the "total FSH biological signal" as detected by the gonadal FSH receptor.
Early effects of thyrotropin on biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in the rat.

SummaryThe effect of a single dose of TSH on the incorporation in vivo of 14C labeled amino acids into thyroid proteins of the rat have been studied. Soluble thyroid proteins were analyzed by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation. TSH, injected 2 to 4 hours before pulse-labeling, increased the total amount of 14C in protein and accelerated the appearance of label in 19 S thyroglobulin. When TSH was given within one hour of labeling or two hours afterwards, total 14C incorporation was unaffected, but the label appeared in mature (18-19 S) thyroglobulin at the expense of label in an immature (15-16 S) precursor protein. The results suggest that TSH produces an early stimulation of several phases of thyroglobulin biosynthesis.
Simulation of Cold Nitrogen Flows in Nanonozzles with Atmospheric Inlet Pressures

A computational investigation of flow phenomena in conical nanonozzles is carried out with an unstructured 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo with Kinetic-Moment boundary conditions (U3DSMC-KM). Nanonozzles considered have inlet diameter of 150 nm, exit diameter from 250-1000 nm, throat radius of curvature of 125 nm, length of 1065 nm, throat diameter of 100 nm resulting in the conical exit half angle  from 4° to 25° and operate at stagnation pressure from 0.1 atm to 2 atm, inlet temperature of 300 K and pressure ratios from 0-0.33. The nanonozzle walls are modeled as diffusive with full thermal accommodation at 300 K. Results show that these nanoflows are characterized by relatively low Reynolds numbers and high Knudsen numbers covering the slip to free molecular flows. Results show that the flows remain subsonic at the throat. It is also found that the flows are in translational non-equilibrium. Performance characteristics such as mass flow rate, thrust and specific impulse are evaluated.
Insights into the Hydrolytic Polymerization of Trimethoxymethylsilane. Crystal Structure of (MeO)2MeSiONa

The commercially practiced conversion of trimethoxymethylsilane (MTM) to [OSi(OMe)Me)]n polymers and resins is assumed to proceed via the silanol (MeO)2MeSiOH. Access to this crucial silanol is gained via the synthesis of (MeO)2MeSiONa, the first methoxysilanoate to be crystallographically characterized. Mild protonation of this silanoate gives (MeO)2MeSiOH, which is shown to condense with (MeO)2MeSiOH but not with MTM. Condensation generates reactive disiloxanols but does not produce symmetric disiloxanes. Parallel results were obtained with (MeO)2PhSiOH.
Saul Bellow and Ghetto Cosmopolitanism

Consider Shapiro. “His nose was sharp and angry and his lips appeared to be smiling away their anger. His cheeks were white and plump, and his thin hair was combed straight back, glistening in the Rudolph Valentino or Ricardo Cortez style of the twenties.” That gigolo’s hair marks him as a dandy and a villain, while those lips, smiling through their anger, reveal him to be a man of mixed intentions. Like all the best people in Herzog, he is an uneasy composite, a walking (and talking) oxymoron, whose breeding is mobilized against his instincts. From all appearances, Shapiro is a man of manners, taste, and charm, and on this hot summer afternoon on the lawn in Ludeyville he clings obstinately to his professorial composure, refusing to even loosen his conservative necktie as he holds forth eloquently and flirtatiously with Madeleine Herzog on any subject under the hot sun: the Russian Church, Tikhon Zadonsky, Dostoevsky, Herzen, Soloviev, what have-you. He is a gentleman and a scholar until lunch is served, and then, under the spell of spice and vinegar, he is transformed.
Legal Issues: The Trans-Pacific Partnership and IP

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the latest in a long line of international agreements seeking to resolve and reduce intellectual property and other legal, political and trade issues between nations. These agreements attempt to reduce or eliminate the barriers that are often created by the laws of the individual countries when those laws make trade incompatible or more complicated. Reducing those barriers can result in increased trade between nations, provide for greater markets for goods produced by the member nations, along with greater protection against misuse of goods created by the member nations. In the intellectual property sphere, these kinds of agreements can be critical to the U.S. information and content provider industry. Often a world leaders in the production of music, television, movie, publishing and internet content, the protection of that content while developing new markets for content is critical for the industry’s long term survival. Still, the agreements can be controversial. In reducing barriers to the trade in goods and services, the agreements can often make it easier for production of goods to be transferred to other countries, particularly those with lower labor costs.
Building high-quality software fault predictors: Papers from COMPSAC 2004

Over the past several years, we have been developing software fault predictors based on a system's measured structural evolution. We have previously shown significant linear relationships between code churn, a set of synthesized metrics, and the rate at which faults are inserted into the system in terms of number of faults per unit change in code churn. A limiting factor in this and other such investigations has been the absence of a quantitative, consistent and repeatable definition of what constitutes a fault. The rules for fault definition were not sufficiently rigorous to provide unambiguous, repeatable fault counts. Within the framework of a space mission software development effort at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory we have developed a standard for the precise enumeration of faults. This new standard permits software faults to be measured directly from configuration control documents. We compared the new method of counting faults with two existing techniques to determine whether the fault-counting technique has an effect on the quality of the fault models constructed from those counts. The new fault definition provides higher quality fault models than those obtained using the other definitions of fault. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.A selected paper from COMPSAC 2004, edited by Eric Wong and Karama Kanoun
Stoop to Conquer: Posture and Affect Interact to Influence Computer Users' Persistence

RoCo, a novel robotic computer, has the capability to move its monitor in subtly expressive ways that respond to and promote its user's postural movement. Motivated by Riskind's "Stoop to conquer" research where it was found that postures congruous to the type of outcome a person received (e.g. slumping following a failure or sitting up proudly following a success) led to significantly better performance in a subsequent cognitive task than incongruous postures (e.g. sitting up proudly following a failure or slumping following success), we performed two experiments where RoCo was used to manipulate its user's posture. Our results show that people tend to be more persistent on a subsequent task when RoCo's posture is congruous to their affective state than when it is incongruous. Our study is the first to show that a computer's "pose," congruous or incongruous to a user's affective state, can influence factors such as persistence in problem solving tasks.
Conceptual design of CHESS, a new direct-geometry inelastic neutron spectrometer dedicated to studying small samples

CHESS is a new direct-geometry inelastic spectrometer, which is planned for the Second Target Station (STS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge. It will take full advantage of the increased peak brilliance of the high-brightness STS coupled moderators and of recent advances in instrument design and technology to achieve unprecedented performance for inelastic scattering in the cold energy range. This paper presents a conceptual design that addresses key requirements and technical solutions which are derived directly from the science case and anticipated use of the instrument.
Non-parametric Bayesian inference of strategies in repeated games

Inferring underlying cooperative and competitive strategies from human behaviour in repeated games is important for accurately characterizing human behaviour and understanding how people reason strategically. Finite automata, a bounded model of computation, have been extensively used to compactly represent strategies for these games and are a standard tool in game theoretic analyses. However, inference over these strategies in repeated games is challenging since the number of possible strategies grows exponentially with the number of repetitions yet behavioural data are often sparse and noisy. As a result, previous approaches start by specifying a finite hypothesis space of automata that does not allow for flexibility. This limitation hinders the discovery of novel strategies that may be used by humans but are not anticipated a priori by current theory. Here we present a new probabilistic model for strategy inference in repeated games by exploiting non‐parametric Bayesian modelling. With simulated data, we show that the model is effective at inferring the true strategy rapidly and from limited data, which leads to accurate predictions of future behaviour. When applied to experimental data of human behaviour in a repeated prisoner's dilemma, we uncover strategies of varying complexity and diversity.
Course-Specific Markovian Models for Grade Prediction

Over the past 15 years, the average six-year graduation rates for colleges and universities across the Unites States have remained stable at around 60%. This vehemently impacts society in terms of workforce development, national productivity and economic activity. Educational early-warning systems have been identified as an important approach to tackle this problem. The key to these systems are accurate grade prediction algorithms. In this paper we propose application of markovian models for the problem of predicting next-term student performance. Traditional approaches predict student’s grade in a course by using a subset of prior courses and content features. However, these models ignore the dynamic evolution of student’s knowledge states, which is a strong influence on student’s learning and performance. We developed course-specific Hidden Markov Models and Hidden Semi-markov Models for the problem of next-term grade prediction. Our experimental results on datasets from a large public university show that the proposed approaches outperform prior state-of-the-art methods. We show by a case study the application of these methods for early identification of at-risk students.
Effects of Acidity and Metal Ensemble Size on the Coke Formation in Pt/Nay and Ptcu/Nay by Methylcyclopentane Conversion

Summary Reduction of ion exchanged Pt 2+ and Cu 2+ ions with H 2 forms metal atoms and protons of high Bronsted acidity. The “coke” deposits formed during methylcyclopentane (MCP) conversion have been analyzed by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). Acid sites are instrumental in ring enlargement of MCP; Cu atoms dilute Pt ensembles required for ring opening. Coke deposits on metal and acid sites give rise to different TPO peaks, the high temperature peak increases with the concentration of Bronsted sites. For high Cu/Pt ratios, coke formation on metal particles is negligible, showing that coke formation on metal surfaces is ensemble-specific.
Continuum analyses of structures containing cracks

The previous chapters of this book have demonstrated how multi-scale models and experiments at very small scales have improved and offer promise for furthering our understanding of the mechanical behavior and physical properties of biological materials and structures. This chapter illustrates how valuable insights can be gained using simplified continuum mechanics models that gloss over the complexities that can be handled by the multi-scale models, such as numerous distinct nano and micro scale features that comprise the structures, material inhomogeneity, biological and chemical processes, the precise geometrical description, and the presence of flaws. This as long as the simplified treatments capture the essential features controlling the mechanical response. The reward for sacrificing the details is that the simplified models are amenable to analytical treatment. The discussion is limited to linear elastic structures containing cracks.
Nutrient Intake and Physical Exercise Significantly Impact Physical Performance, Body Composition, Blood Lipids, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Male Rats

Background: Humans consuming a purified vegan diet known as the "Daniel Fast" realize favorable changes in blood lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers, with subjective reports of improved physical capacity. Objective: We sought to determine if this purified vegan diet was synergistic with exercise in male rats. Methods: Long–Evans rats (n = 56) were assigned to be exercise trained (+E) by running on a treadmill three days per week at a moderate intensity or to act as sedentary controls with normal activity. After the baseline physical performance was evaluated by recording run time to exhaustion, half of the animals in each group were fed ad libitum for three months a purified diet formulated to mimic the Daniel Fast (DF) or a Western Diet (WD). Physical performance was evaluated again at the end of month 3, and body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected for measurements of lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Physical performance at the end of month 3 was higher compared to baseline for both exercise groups (p 0.05), although IL-1β and IL-10 were elevated three-fold and two-fold in the rats fed the WD compared to the DF rats, respectively. Conclusions: Compared to a WD, a purified diet that mimics the vegan Daniel Fast provides significant anthropometric and metabolic benefits to rats, while possibly acting synergistically with exercise training to improve physical performance. These findings highlight the importance of macronutrient composition and quality in the presence of ad libitum food intake.
Risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation on ibrutinib treatment.

10059Background: Ibrutinib is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treating B-cell malignancies. The incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) while on ibrutinib is reported to be 6-16...
Flufenacet an interesting mix partner for Viper™ Compact and GF-1546 against grass weeds in autumn

ViperTM Compact bestehend aus den drei Wirkstoffen Penoxsulam (15 g/l), Florasulam (3,75 g/l) und Diflufenican (100 g/l) ist ein breit wirksames, im Herbst einzusetzendes Herbizid, zur Bekampfung von Windhalm, sowie ein- und zweikeimblattrigen Unkrautern in Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen und Wintertriticale. Ein weiteres Herbizid ist GF-1546 welches aus der Wirkstoffkombination von Penoxsulam (15 g/l) und Diflufenican (100 g/l) besteht. Penoxsulam und Florasulam gehoren der HRAC-Gruppe B (ALSHemmer) an, Diflufenican der HRAC-Gruppe F1. Da viele Windhalmpopulationen ein hohes Resistenzrisiko gegenuber Herbiziden der HRAC-Gruppe B aufweisen, ist es im Rahmen des Resistenzmanagements geboten Herbizide als Mischpartner einzusetzen, welche aus einer weniger resistenzgefahrdeten HRAC-Gruppe stammen. Ein praxisublicher Mischpartner ist hierbei der Wirkstoff Flufenacet aus der HRAC-Gruppe K3. In 2015 wurden in Feldversuchen Mischungen von ViperTM Compact (0.5 - 0.75 l/ha) mit Flufenacet (125 - 240 g/ha) getestet. Wahrend ViperTM Compact sensitive Graserpopulationen sicher erfasst, konnten nun durch die Zugabe von Flufenacet auch weniger sensitive Apera spica-venti (APESV) Biotypen erfolgreich bekampft werden. Desweiteren konnte mit der erhohten Flufenacet Aufwandmenge von 240 g/ha + ViperTM Compact, Ackerfuchsschwanz erfolgreich bekampft werden. Insgesamt war die Mischung vertraglich in den getesteten Kulturen. Die Tankmischung von ViperTM Compact + Flufenacet bietet somit eine hohe Wirksamkeit gegenuber Ungrasern und Unkrautern bei gleichzeitig verringertem Resistenzrisiko gegenuber Ungrasern.
Envisioned Directions for Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics with Expanded Preventative and Technological Aims and Scope

Dear Authors & Readers,As the new editor, I am writing this editorial to talk about the envisioned directions for the journal and to encourage you to submit papers to Physical & Occupational Therap...
Placing Racial Classification in Context.

This article extends previous research on place-based patterns of racial categorization by linking it to sociological theory that posits subnational variation in cultural schemas and applying regre...
High resolution modeling of western Alaskan tides and storm surge under varying sea ice conditions

Abstract A depth-integrated high resolution (down to 25–50 m) tide and storm surge model has been developed for the Alaska region with a focus on the coasts of western Alaska. The model uses the ADCIRC basin-to-channel scale unstructured grid circulation code forced with Climate Forecast System version 2 reanalysis meteorology. The tidal solution has been validated at 121 shelf and nearshore stations, with lower overall errors than a data assimilated tidal model (FES2012). The ADCIRC model shows considerable skill at simulating tide and coastal surge, and resulting overland flooding on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, during both summer and winter storms. The root-mean-square-error of the model does not exceed 20 cm at any station, outperforming the Global Ocean Forecasting System (GOFS 3.1), a 1/12 ∘ data assimilated ocean general circulation model which is coupled to sea ice physics. The ADCIRC model incorporates the effect of sea ice through parameterizations of the wind drag coefficient, modifying the air–sea momentum transfer under ice coverage. Three large winter storms with distinctly different ice coverages along the coasts of western Alaska were chosen to exhibit the variable effect of sea ice on the resulting storm surge. Under forming coastal ice coverage, local increases in water levels due to ice is seen in coastal areas, and under predominantly dense pack ice, an increase in momentum transfer in the marginal sea ice at the shelf break leads to an increase in sea levels across the entire Bering Sea, both commensurate with observations. Under the most variable ice fields, results are mixed, in part due to uncertainties in the air–sea–ice drag parameterization such as related to the assumption that sea ice drift and wind velocities are always well correlated. Including a description of sea ice drift and current speeds explicitly in the air–sea–ice drag formulation and considering wave–surge–ice interaction should improve the description of momentum transferred to the water column and resulting simulation of surge.
Asymmetric Momentum Contingency in Gain and Loss: A Wavelet Approach

The authors explore the separate momentum effect in the positive and negative return environments at both the time domain and the frequency domain. Using the power spectrums and daily returns of sixteen representative exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the authors attempt to answer whether the momentum strategies have equal endurance gain and loss markets with assets that represent different market capitalizations, value, and industry. The authors’ results provide evidence that the US equity market carries strong negative-return resistance. The probability of realizing positive return is increasingly higher when the market carries longer consecutive negative returns. Small-cap stocks exhibit momentum effect in positive return environment but mean reversion effect in negative returns. For value stocks, the probabilities of continuing positive returns are 16.83% higher; for growth stocks, the probabilities of flipping over from negative returns are 16.4% higher. The power spectrums from the Merlot wavelet transformation suggest that the density of transaction activities is high at the high-frequency level, proving that the momentum strategy is less effective within a month-wide window. TOPICS:Exchange-traded funds and applications, mutual fund performance Key Findings • The average probability of the equity market realizing another positive return after the previous positive return is 51.80%, the probability of the third positive return after two positive days is 50.64%, 47.98% after three days, and 45.98% after four days. • The US equity market carries negative return resistance. The average probabilities of the market realizing positive return after one, two, three, four, and five days of consecutive negative returns are 52.88%, 54.63%, 56.55%, 57.17%, and 60.09% across the 11 sectors. • Small-cap stocks exhibit momentum effect in positive return environment but mean reversion effect in negative returns. The probabilities of continuing positive trend are higher for value stocks; yet the probabilities of stopping negative trend are higher for growth stocks.
U.S. Inspectors General: Truth Tellers in Turbulent Times

Truth Tellers is a timely and fresh academic treatment of a well-established but often overlooked federal function. Lately, U.S. Inspectors General (IGs) seem to appear in the headlines on a routin...
Bail-Ins, Optimal Regulation, and Crisis Resolution

We provide a framework to study bail-in regimes for banks. In the presence of a monitoring problem, the optimal bank capital structure combines standard debt, which liquidates the bank and provides strong monitoring incentives, and bail-in debt, which recapitalizes the bank but provides weaker incentives. A bail-in regime, which increases use of bail-in debt, is the optimal regulatory policy when liquidation is socially costly due to fire sales or bailouts. Bail-ins fully replace bailouts. Bail-ins can generate self-fulfilling crises in long-term debt markets, leading to bank runs. Debt guarantees and an expanded notion of lender of last resort prevent these crises, and should complement bail-ins in the crisis resolution toolkit.
Exploring the Impact of Missing Data on Residual-Based Dimensionality Analysis for Measurement Models:

Researchers frequently use Rasch models to analyze survey responses because these models provide accurate parameter estimates for items and examinees when there are missing data. However, researche...
Evaluation of a serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone as predictor of semen parameter(s) improvement in men undergoing medical treatment for infertility

Introduction: The goal of medical therapy for infertile men with testosterone deficiency (TD) is to improve intratesticular testosterone (ITT). There is a gap in knowledge to identify those who will respond with semen parameter(s) improvement. We hypothesized that serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) — a marker of ITT — can be used to predict improvement of semen parameter(s). Methods: Between July 2018 and January 2020, we conducted a prospective study of 31 men with primary infertility, TD, and secondary hypogonadism receiving clomiphene citrate (CC) and/ or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for three months. We assessed baseline and followup hormones, including testosterone, 17-OHP, semen parameter(s), and demographics. Semen quality upgrading was based on assisted reproduction eligibility: in-vitro fertilization ( 9 million). Variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon rank test. Results: Twenty-one men received CC and 10 received CC/hCG. Median followup was 3.7 (3.3–5.1) months. Sixteen men upgraded semen quality. Six of 10 men with baseline total motile sperm count (TMSC) of 0 had motile sperm after treatment, and 11/20 men with TMSC 5 range. Low 17-OHP was the only factor that predicted semen quality upgrading. Men with 17-OHP ≤55 ng/dL upgraded semen quality and improved hormones, whereas men with 17-OHP >55 ng/dL did not upgrade semen quality. Conclusions: Medical therapy for infertile men with TD resulted in the improvement of sperm concentration, TMSC, testosterone, and 17-OHP. Semen quality upgrading appears to be more significant in patients with low 17-OHP, suggesting that ITT can be used as a biomarker to predict semen parameter(s) improvement.
Nurses’ perceptions related to impaired nurses and knowledge of substance use disorder within the nursing profession

Objective: Substance Use Disorder continues to be a problem within the nursing profession. Studies have been conducted to examine various aspects of Substance Use Disorder. Although programs have been implemented to help rather than punish nurses, knowledge barriers that affect reporting still exist. The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of impaired nurses, perceptions of reporting an impaired nurse, and perceptions of knowledge regarding Substance Use Disorder within the nursing profession. Methods: A mixed-method descriptive study was conducted using the Perception of Nursing Impairment Inventory tool, as well as three open-ended questions. Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of stress and coping was used to guide the study and nurses from one state’s nurses’ association in the southeastern region of the United States participated. Results: Based on quantitative findings, most disagreed with the statement there is little that can be done to help impaired nurses and agreed that nurses have an ethical obligation to report if impairment is suspected. Conflicting views were identified for multiple statements on the Perception of Nursing Impairment Inventory. The qualitative findings revealed average or below average knowledge of SUD and identified barriers that may affect reporting. Further, a culture surrounding the ethical dilemma of reporting was evident. Conclusions: Educational gaps exist between recognizing and reporting the problem of Substance Use Disorder. Although nurses acknowledge an obligation to report, many barriers to reporting were identified. Recommendations were made for additional qualitative research related to nursing education including conflicted feelings about doing what is “right.”
Trust in Collaborative Automation in High Stakes Software Engineering Work: A Case Study at NASA

The amount of autonomy in software engineering tools is increasing as developers build increasingly complex systems. We study factors influencing software engineers’ trust in an autonomous tool situated in a high stakes workplace, because research in other contexts shows that too much or too little trust in autonomous tools can have negative consequences. We present the results of a ten week ethnographic case study of engineers collaborating with an autonomous tool to write control software at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to support high stakes missions. We find that trust in an autonomous software engineering tool in this setting was influenced by four main factors: the tool’s transparency, usability, its social context, and the organization’s associated processes. Our observations lead us to frame trust as a quality the operator places in their collaboration with the automated system, and we outline implications of this framing and other results for researchers studying trust in autonomous systems, designers of software engineering tools, and organizations conducting high stakes work with these tools.
Iterative Deepening Dynamically Improved Bounds Bidirectional Search

This paper presents a new bidirectional search algorithm to solve the shortest path problem. The new algorithm uses an iterative deepening technique with a consistent heuristic to improve lower bou...
Analyzing the MISO Data: Broader Perspectives on Library and Computing Trends

Objective – To analyze data collected by 38 colleges and universities that participated in the Measuring Information Services Outcomes (MISO) survey between 2005 and 2010. Methods – The MISO survey is a Web-based quantitative survey designed to measure how faculty, students, and staff view library and computing services in higher education. Since 2005, over 10,000 faculty, 18,000 students, and 15,000 staff have completed the survey. To date, the MISO survey team has analyzed the data by faculty age group and student cohort. Much of the data analysis has focused on changes in the use, importance, and satisfaction with services over time. Results – Analysis of the data collected during 2008-2010 reveals marked differences in how faculty and students use the library. The most frequently used services by faculty are the online library catalog (3.39 on a 5-point scale), library databases (3.34), and the library website (3.29). In contrast, the most frequently used services by students are public computers in the library (3.61) and quiet work space in the library (3.29). Faculty reported a much higher use of online resources from off campus. Analysis of data from schools where the survey was administered more than once during 2005-2010 reveals that both faculty and students increased their utilization of databases over time. All other significant faculty trends reflected declines in usage, whereas, with the exception of use of the library website, all other student trends reflected no change or increased usage. Conclusion – As the MISO survey has continued and expanded over the years, the usefulness of rich comparable data from a set of peer institutions over time has increased tremendously. In addition to providing a rich source of data, MISO can serve as a model for how a group of schools can collaborate on a share assessment tool that meets the needs of individual institutions and provides a robust, aggregated dataset for deeper analysis.
CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 (Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α) and CXCR4-Dependent Migration of CTLs toward Melanoma Cells in Organotypic Culture

Studies in experimental animal models have demonstrated that chemokines produced by tumor cells attract chemokine receptor-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor area, which may lead to tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. However, in cancer patients, the role of chemokines in T lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the migration of a melanoma patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel organotypic melanoma culture, consisting of a bottom layer of collagen type I with embedded fibroblasts followed successively by a tumor cell layer, collagen/fibroblast separating layer, and, finally, a top layer of collagen with embedded fibroblasts and T cells. In this model, CTL migrated from the top layer through the separating layer toward tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. CTL migration was mediated by chemokine receptor CXCR4 expressed by the CTL and CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha) secreted by tumor cells, as evidenced by blockage of CTL migration by Abs to CXCL12 or CXCR4, high concentrations of CXCL12 or small molecule CXCR4 antagonist. These studies, together with studies in mice indicating regression of CXCL12-transduced tumor cells, followed by regression of nontransduced challenge tumor cells, suggest that CXCL12 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients, when transduced into tumor cells, or fused to anti-tumor Ag Ab or tumor Ag.
Infinitary Logic for Computer Science

Infinitary logic L ∞ω ω , extends first-order logic by allowing infinitary conjunctions and disjunctions (i.e., conjunctions with an infinite number of conjuncts and disjunctions with an infinite number of disjuncts). One usually thinks of infinitary logic as a fairly esoteric logic, which is not of much interest in computer science. Surprisingly, a certain fragment L ∞ω ω of L ∞ω ω turns out to be of great interest in computer science. This fragment is obtained by restricting formulas to contain a finite number of distinct variables, though the formulas can be of infinite length, The advantage of dealing with L ∞ω ω is that its the expressive power can be completely characterized in game-theoretic terms. We will describe applications of this logic to the study of 0–1 laws and the expressive power of database query languages.
Externalities from International Labor Migration: Efficacy of a Brain Drain Tax in the Euro-Mediterranean Region

This paper uses a two-region, two-period overlapping generations model with international labor mobility to examine the efficacy of using tax policy to internalize the externalities created by international labor migration. While a brain drain tax has a substantial limiting effect on labor migration and a small negative effect on per worker growth, it is found to be a viable solution to the negative externality problem. It is also found that the brain-drain tax can raise substantial tax revenue for the SMCs which could be used to enhance human capital in the region.