cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound in the management of rectal cancer

The prognosis of patients with rectal cancer correlates with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. The treatment of rectal cancer involves the use of neoadjuvant and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy relies on the use of computed tomography and endorectal ultrasound staging. Overall staging is determined by the depth of tumor penetration (generally referred to as T stage), the presence or absence of nodal involvement (N stage), and distant metastases (M stage). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the only staging modality that provides direct visualization of the normal 5 layers of the rectal wall. Furthermore, perirectal lymphadenopathy can be clearly imaged. These attributes make EUS an important imaging modality for the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. This article describes the EUS techniques for performing accurate preoperative staging of rectal cancer and discuss its role in the management of rectal carcinoma.
Development of a Compact Primary Heat Exchanger for a Molten Salt Reactor

The first Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) was designed and tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the 1960’s, but recent technological advancements now allow for new components, such as heat exchangers, to be created for the next generation of MSR’s and molten salt-cooled reactors. The primary (fuel salt-to-secondary salt) heat exchanger (PHX) design has been largely ignored up to this point; however, it is shown here that modern compact heat exchangers have the potential to make dramatic improvements over traditional shell-and-tube designs. Compact heat exchangers provide a higher effectiveness and more efficient use of material that offer a more cost-effective alternative to the massive, more expensive heat exchangers planned for the MSR. While this paper focuses on the application of compact heat exchangers on a Molten Salt Reactor, many of the analyses and results are similarly applicable to other fluid-to-fluid heat exchangers. The heat exchanger design in this study seeks to find a middle-ground between the dependable shell-and-tube design and the ultra-efficient, ultra-compact designs such as the Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger being developed today. Complex channel geometries and micro-scale dimensions in modern compact heat exchangers do not allow routine maintenance to be performed by standard procedures, so extended surfaces will be omitted and hydraulic diameters will be kept in the minichannel regime (minimum channel dimension between 200 μm and 3 mm) to allow for high-frequency eddy current inspection methods to be developed. Rather than using a “checkerboard” channel pattern, which requires complex header designs among other design challenges, row composition is homogeneous, and the borders between adjoining channels are removed to provide high aspect ratio rectangular channel cross-sections. Various plant layouts of smaller heat exchanger banks in a “modular” design are introduced, and the feasibility of casting such modules is assumed to be possible for the purposes of this research. FLUENT was used within ANSYS Workbench to find optimized heat transfer and hydrodynamic performance for straight-channel designs with two molten salts acting in pure counter-flow. Limiting the pressure drop to roughly that of ORNL’s Molten Salt Breeder Reactor’s shell-and-tube design, the compact heat exchanger design of interest in this study will lessen volume requirements, lower fuel salt volume, and decrease material usage. Compact heat exchangers have shown commercial feasibility in several industries but have yet to be assimilated into the nuclear industry. This intermediately-sized compact minichannel heat exchanger demonstrates that such a heat exchanger is viable for further testing. The original design of the MSR was an engineering marvel over 60 years ago, but several of its key components, namely the intermediate heat exchanger, must be updated in order for the MSR to reach its full potential.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A note on assessing the relation between CEO characteristics and stock performance: Alpha Above Replacement

Many studies examine the relation between stock performance and CEO characteristics. We approach the topic in a different way, using the alphas generated by the Fama-French three-factor model as the dependent variable in a CEO characteristic model. We find several traits are significantly related to alpha. CEOs who are younger, own a larger fraction of firm equity and hold a graduate degree provide greater alphas. CEOs who are also the founder of the firm deliver larger alphas. Our results provide useful information for boards assessing the performance of CEOs and considering CEO succession.
Comparison of a topical benzoyl peroxide gel, oral minocycline, oral doxycycline and a combination for suppression of P. acnes in acne patients

Four groups of ten acne patients each received one of the following treatments for 1 month: (1) minocycline-‘D’, 100mg twice daily; (2) doxycycline monohydrate, 100mg twice daily; (3) 6% benzoyl peroxidezinc gel twice daily; (4) minocycline-‘D’ 100mg twice daily and 6% benzoyl peroxide-zinc gel twice daily. Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes was assessed by the detergent scrub method after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Minocycline-‘D’ had a far greater ability to suppress P. acnes than doxycycline. Minocycline-‘D’ resulted in almost a 2-log decrease in P. acnes compared with less than 1-log decrease with doxycycline. Benzoyl peroxide-zinc gel was also more efficacious than doxy-cycline. As expected, the combination of minocycline-‘D’ and benzoyl peroxide-zinc gel was substantially more effective than the comparator treatments. The greater therapeutic efficacy of minocycline-‘D’ in acne cannot be fully explained by its antibacterial activity. Evidence is presented to show that minocycline has a wide spec...
Glutathione Depletion-Induced Thymidylate Insufficiency for DNA Repair Synthesis

Dietary methionine (Met) deficiency is known to divert folate away from de novo biosyntheses of purines and the pyrimidine, thymidylate, to the resynthesis of Met resulting in deoxynucleoside triphosphate imbalance. We have recently shown that Met can easily be depleted and methylation can be impaired by exposure to a model glutathione (GSH)-depleting agent, bromobenzene (BB). GSH depletion-induced Met depletion, therefore, could cause thymidylate insufficiency for DNA repair synthesis. The administration of thymidine (Thy) should repair this impairment. When this hypothesis was examined in the present study, several interesting results were found. The administration of Thy labeled with [2-14C]Thy to BB-treated Syrian hamsters at either 1, 5, 7 or 9 h after BB resulted in an attenuation of liver toxicity. Intrahepatic hemorrhage, which is a typical characteristic of BB toxicity in the Syrian hamster, was decreased in the BB + Thy groups. The attenuation of liver toxicity was accompanied by a progressive increase of Thy incorporation into liver genomic DNA at 24 h after BB. With respect to the time points chosen for Thy administration, Thy incorporation found in the BB + Thy groups were 2-, 2-, 3- and 4-fold of the controls that received only Thy. The results provide evidence that BB causes a progressive increase of thymidylate insufficiency in liver cells. Thymidylate insufficiency is due to Met depletion, a depletion that occurs as a result of GSH depletion.
X-ray microscopy by successive Fourier transformation II. An optical analogue experiment

Abstract An optical analogue experiment related to a method of X-ray microscopy by successive Fourier transformation is described. Some experimental design features are discussed.
Differences in iron requirements by concanavalin A-treated and anti-CD3-treated murine splenic lymphocytes

Fe availability is critical for optimal lymphocyte proliferation; however, the minimum required levels are unknown. Such information is valuable when assessing in vitro immune responses in Fe-deficient subjects, because serum (Fe) added to the culture medium may replete lymphocytes. To address this issue, splenic lymphocytes obtained from seventeen 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were incubated without and with 1 mg/l concanavalin A or 50 microg/l anti-CD3 antibody in media that contained between 0.113 and 9.74 micromol Fe/l. Fe was provided by either fetal calf serum (FCS, 0-100 ml/l), newborn calf serum (NBCS, 0-100 ml/l), or NBCS (10 ml/l) plus ferric ammonium citrate. As expected, the rate of DNA synthesis increased with Fe levels (P<0.01). Maximum DNA synthesis was obtained with 2.26 micromol Fe/l (50 ml FCS/l) for concanavalin A and 0.895 micromol/l (20 ml FCS/l) for anti-CD3-treated cells. In serum-free media (0.113 micromol Fe/l), the proliferative responses to concanavalin A were below the background, while they rose 5.5-fold in anti-CD3-treated cells (P<0.05). In apotransferrin-supplemented media (0.13 micromol Fe/l), the proliferative responses to concanavalin A and anti-CD3 antibody were 18.6 and 71 %, respectively, of that obtained with 4.66 micromol Fe/l (100 ml FCS/l). Interleukin 2 secretion also followed the same trend as lymphocyte proliferation. Since differences between both mitogens persisted after FCS was substituted with NBCS, we can rule out an effect on ribonucleotide reductase activity, or by other serum growth factors. We speculate an Fe effect at an early step of T-cell activation. Data suggest that the minimum Fe concentration required for lymphocyte proliferation varies with the mitogen.
Adaptive functioning in children hospitalized for psychiatric disturbances.

Abstract Fifty-two psychiatrically hospitalized children were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) to investigate interrater reliability of adaptive functioning ratings between parent and clinician. The VABS Survey Form was completed upon the child's admission and the VABS Classroom Edition, clinician rating, was completed after the first week of hospitalization. Parental scores were significantly lower (pairwise t test, p
The cloning, genomic structure, localization, and expression of human deoxyribonuclease IIβ

Abstract Acidic endonuclease activity is present in all cells in the body and much of this can be attributed to the previously cloned and ubiquitously expressed deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II). Database analysis revealed the existence of expressed sequence tags and genomic segments coding for a protein with considerable homology to DNase II. This report describes the cloning of this cDNA, which we term deoxyribonuclease IIβ (DNase IIβ) and comparison of its expression to that of the originally cloned DNase II (now termed DNase IIα). The cDNA encodes a 357 amino acid protein. This protein exhibits extensive homology to DNase IIα including an amino-terminal signal peptide and a conserved active site, and has many of the regions of identity that are conserved in homologs in other mammals as well as C. elegans and Drosophila . The gene encoding DNase IIβ has identical splice sites to DNase IIα. Human DNase IIβ is highly expressed in the salivary gland, and at low levels in trachea, lung, prostate, lymph node, and testis, whereas DNase IIα is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. The expression pattern of human DNase IIβ suggests that it may function primarily as a secreted enzyme. Human saliva was found to contain DNase IIα, but after immunodepletion, considerable acid-active endonuclease remained which we presume is DNase IIβ. We have localized the gene for human DNase IIβ to chromosome 1p22.3 adjacent (and in opposing orientation) to the human uricase pseudogene. Interestingly, murine DNase IIβ is highly expressed in the liver. Uricase is also highly expressed in mouse but not human liver and this may explain the difference in expression patterns between human and mouse DNase IIβ.
Relation of cortical monoterpenoid composition of abies to tree age and size

Abstract Correlations between the monoterpenoid compositions of cortical oleoresin on the one hand and tree age and diameter at breast height on the other, were determined for seven fir species of North America. In most cases neither age nor diameter related significantly to the composition of monoterpenoids, suggesting that it was unnecessary to standardize oleoresin sampling for chemosystematic purposes.
Purification and characterization of plasmid-like DNA from the antimycotic producing fungus, Scytalidium flavo-brunneum

The azasterol producing strain of Scytalidium flavo-brunneum (ATCC 28804) was examined for the presence of a plasmid-like DNA. Several different plasmid preparation procedures yielded DNA which migrated as single bands of equivalent molecular weight when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Electron microscopy and lambda exonuclease digestion data were consistent with a covalently closed circular structure. A complete restriction map for a circular 9.1-kb plasmid-like DNA was deduced from analysis of restriction enzyme digests and Southern blot hybridizations of restriction fragments. Visualization of the plasmid by electron microscopy revealed a measured contour length of 8.9 kb, using pBR322 as a standard. Southern hybridization analysis using plasmid-like DNA as the probe detected no homology to the non-azasterol producing strains of Scytalidium flavo-brunneum or mitochondrial DNA from azasterol producing strain.
Organizations and Alienation: The Mediation Hypothesis Revisited*

It is a widely accepted premise of mass society theory that voluntary associations play an important integrating role in modern society by mediating between the individual and the remote influences on life, work, and politics. There are two major variants of the mediation hypothesis: (1) purely social interaction within organizations lessens alienation in immediate relationships; (2) interaction accompanied by political exposures reduces alienation in the political domain. Controlling for social class, activity in instrumental, political groups is associated with significantly lower levels of political alienation. Activity in nonpolitical, social organizations is found to have more general attitudinal consequences--both for levels of social alienation and for estrangement from political processes. These patterns suggest that, despite the consistent effects of SES on nonalienative beliefs, voluntary associations provide independent settings of social and political integration.
THE CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS.

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of the carotenoid pigments of Micrococcus lysodeikticus have been determined. Following saponification, at least seven different pigments can be separated by column-chromatographic procedures. These pigments have similar absorption spectra but differ in polarity. The absorption spectra of these bacterial pigments are similar to those of the carotenoid neurosporene. Polar pigments predominate and no hydrocarbon carotenoids have been detected. Absorption maxima, partition coefficients, reaction to I2 and acids and melting points were determined. The nature of the polar groupings present in these pigments and their relation to other bacterial pigments are discussed.
In-home formation and emissions of trihalomethanes: The role of residential dishwashers

This study involved an assessment of chloroform formation due to the use of hypochlorite-containing detergents in dishwashers. The objective of this research was to quantify in-home formation of trihalomethanes, particularly as related to dishwasher usage. A series of 14 flask and 15 laboratory experiments were completed. Flask experiments involved the mixing of food with dishwasher detergent in water for a 12-min reaction period, and were intended to identify chemicals and relative levels of those chemicals that may form from dishwasher usage with different food groups. Liquid concentrations of chloroform ranged from 1 to 41 mg/l. Laboratory experiments involved collection of liquid and gas samples over the course of an operating cycle with an actual residential dishwasher. Background concentrations of chloroform in the water supply were generally between 0 and 10 microg/l; liquid chloroform levels in the wash cycle were typically at least 50 microg/l. Chloroform concentrations were as high as 20 microg/l in the dishwasher headspace. Using mass balance equations for a typical residential house and laboratory results from this research, predicted concentrations resulting from dishwasher usage were similar to typical background concentrations in residential dwellings.
Morphological hit-or-miss transformation using polarization-encoded optical shadow casting and optical symbolic substitution

By combining two powerful optical computing techniques, namely, optical symbolic substitution (OSS) and polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting (POSC), an optical morphological hit-or-miss transformation is demonstrated and used in the recognition of perfect and imperfect shapes.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Large-corpus phoneme and word recognition and the generality of lexical context in CVC word perception.

Purpose Speech recognition may be analyzed in terms of recognition probabilities for perceptual wholes (e.g., words) and parts (e.g., phonemes), where j or the j-factor reveals the number of indepe...
The strain index to analyze jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders: Model validation

In 1995, Moore and Garg developed a method to analyze jobs to determine risk of distal upper extremity disorders-The Strain Index. Since then the Strain Indexhas been used worldwide. This paper describes the Strain Index briefly, summarizes model validation studies, and likely future revisions to the model.
Use of electropolishing for enhanced metallic specimen preparation for electron backscatter diffraction analysis

Abstract The effects of mechanical polishing with Al 2 O 3 and colloidal SiO 2 followed by electropolishing were studied for preparation of metal alloy specimens for Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The alloys studied were Inconel 718, a commonly used nickel-based superalloy, and a Ti–Al–Nb alloy (nominally Ti-22Al-28Nb(at.%)). Atomic Force Microscopy was used to measure the surface topography to attempt to correlate nano-scale surface roughness with EBSD pattern quality. The results suggest that mechanically polishing with Al 2 O 3 followed by electropolishing for a short time can produce EBSD pattern confidence indices and image quality values that are equal to or better than those produced by mechanically polishing with colloidal SiO 2 alone. The data suggests that surface roughness on the scale considered here has much less effect on EBSD pattern quality than had been previously believed. The data suggests that removing the surface damage is more critical than reduction of topography for EBSD.
Learning Ability and Retention Performance of a Weanling Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus)

The visual discrimination and delayed-response tests and the test of conditioned-avoidance response were adapted and administered to a weanling squirrel monkey to determine its learning ability and retention performance. The data show that the weanling learned to perform all the tests successfully, indicating that the tractable squirrel monkey is a potentially satisfactory animal model for a comparative and developmental study of learning ability and retention performance during the early stages of life.
Bayesian analysis in econometrics

Abstract After briefly reviewing some aspects of the history of Bayesian Analysis in Econometrics, five basic propositions regarding econometrics are put forward and discussed. Challenges relating to these propositions are issued. Then Bayesian estimation, prediction, control and decision procedures are discussed and a number of canonical econometric problems are described and analyzed to illustrate the power of the Bayesian approach in econometrics and other areas of science.
Attention and Motor Performance: Preferences for and Advantages of an External Focus

Abstract This study examined individual differences in the preference for and effectiveness of the type of attentional focus for motor learning. In two experiments, participants practicing a balance task (stabilometer) were asked to find out whether focusing on their feet (internal focus) or on two markers in front of their feet (external focus) was more effective. In Experiment 1, participants switched their attentional focus from trial to trial on Day 1 and used their preferred attentional focus on Day 2. In Experiment 2, participants were free to switch their attentional focus any time during 2 days of practice. Retention tests were performed on Day 3. Most participants chose an external focus. Also, they were more effective in retention than participants who preferred an internal focus.
A Comparison of Certain Hydrogen Ion Indicator Electrodes in the Presence of Ferric Iron

The hydrogen, antimony, glass, and air electrodes have been used in the titration of HC1 solutions of FeCl3, FeCl2, and mixtures of both, by NaOH. In the titration of FeCl3, all four electrodes lead to the same value for the inflection point, which is about one per cent larger than that calculated from the concentrations previously determined by standardization with dichromate. The discrepancy is attributed to adsorption of OH− on the precipitate. When ferrous iron is present in the solution being titrated, an additional error is introduced at the first inflection point if the solution is exposed to air. The H2 electrode and the glass electrode under H2 in the Bovie cell do not show this error, which is due to oxidation of the first precipitate of ferrous hydroxide, and consequent flattening of the titration curve. The Pt electrodes, both polished and platinized, measure principally the ferrous‐ferric equilibrium in acid solutions of FeCl3, the gas equilibria with H2 or air being largely suppressed. The antimony electrode shows an abnormal titration curve in acid solutions of FeCl3, probably due to the presence of pentavalent Sb in the solution. The glass electrode alone is suitable for measuring the pH of the solution throughout the course of the titration. Although the hydrogen electrode is not suitable for making specific pH measurements, it does give results for the end points of titrations which are equally as reliable as those obtained by the glass electrode. Solubility products calculated from the titration data, making use of the simplified Debye‐Huckel expression, are : for ferric hydroxide 3 × 10−38 to 4 × 10−36, and for ferrous hydroxide 4.8 × 10−16.
Managing a Surgical Exsanguination Emergency in the Operating Room Through Simulation: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Objective Operating room (OR) emergencies, such as fire, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and exsanguination, are infrequent, but high-risk situations that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. An exsanguination scenario involving a pregnant trauma patient in the OR was developed for surgery residents with the objectives of improving overall team performance when activating an emergency response system, identifying a team leader, initiating an exsanguination protocol, following advanced cardiac life support guidelines, and recognizing the mother as the first patient. Study Design During 6 months, 171 OR staff members of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania participated in a prospective study in which randomly selected groups of surgery residents, anesthesia residents, and perioperative nurses were trained in a simulated exsanguination and cardiac arrest emergency. Upon arrival to the simulation center, groups of trainees were assigned to a simulated OR equipped with a SimMan 3G (Laerdal, Norway) and a session moderator. The scenario started with a pregnant patient in hemorrhagic shock, bleeding from a carotid injury, ultimately leading to cardiac arrest. Each group did an initial “cold” simulation without any prior training or knowledge of the scenario, followed by a didactic training session, and ending with a “warm” simulation. Setting Penn Medicine Clinical Simulation Center at 1800 Lombard Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Results Among 156 participants, 50% reported understanding their role in an OR exsanguination emergency pretraining, compared with 98% who understood it posttraining (p Conclusions The results of this simulated exsanguination emergency demonstrate that team training using a high-fidelity mannequin is an effective way to train OR personnel, on how to manage exsanguinating traumatic patients in a high-risk surgical emergency.
Aircraft Contrast Signatures In The Infrared Spectral Region

The methodology for calculating aircraft infrared radiation is developed by expressing the signature in its component parts and then modeling each in terms of a few parameters. The basic signature components are: exhaust plume molecular emissions, airframe thermal emissions, various exposed engine hot parts, and scattered ambient radiation (e.g., earth-shine, sunshine and skyshine). When calculating sensor irradiances for systems studies, the close relationship between the aircraft signature and environmental conditions must be considered. This is illustrated with scene contrast signature calculations for several different observer viewing angles and background types.
Visual attention modulates metacontrast masking

How does the human visual system 'bind' different fragments in the visual scene to create enduring representations of objects? A visual illusion known as 'metacontrast' or backward masking provides compelling evidence that perception is not instantaneous and that it occurs sequentially in distinct stages. If a solid white target square is displayed for 50 ms in a tachistoscope, switched off, and followed by a 50 ms display of two flanking mask squares, remarkably, subjects report seeing only the two flanking squares: the first square is simply not 'seen'. By plotting the magnitude of masking as a function of the delay between the target and mask (the stimulus onset asynchrony), one can obtain a characteristic 'U'-shaped function with optimum masking occurring at about 50 ms, and no masking with synchronous target and mask presentations or at delays higher than 300 ms. The illusion is also highly sensitive to elementary stimulus dimensions such as colour, orientation and spatial frequency, and it has been suggested that it is based on 'low level' autonomous visual mechanisms rather than cognitive processes. Here we describe a novel visual stimulus that demonstrates that metacontrast can be strongly modulated by 'top down' influence such as voluntary visual attention.
Nicholas of Cusa: The catholic concordance

(1994). Nicholas of Cusa: The catholic concordance. History of European Ideas: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 600-601.
Effect of dinitrophenol on the interaction between myosin and nucleotides.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on the interaction of several nucleoside triphosphates with myosin B and glycerol-treated psoas fibers have been studied at 0.3 M KCl, 10−3M Ca++, pH 7.0, 25.5 °C. 2. 2. The sequence of reciprocal Michaelis-Menten constants, K, is K ( ATP > K ( CTP ) > K ( UTP ) > K ( GTP, ITP ) . The sequence of maximal splitting velocities, V, is V (ITP, GTP) > V (UTP) > V (ATP) > V (CTP). These sequences are unchanged by DNP. 3. 3. For ATP, CTP, and UTP, DNP raises V and lowers K a nearly compensatory way. 4. 4. DNP reduces the inhibition of ITPase activity by ADP, decreases the activation of ATPase activity by EDTA, and inhibits the rate of splitting of tripolyphosphate. 5. 5. The non-enzymic alkaline hydrolysis rates of ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP, and ITP are about equal at pH 8.5, 0.3 M KCl, 100 °C. The addition of Mg++ slightly increases the rate. Ca++ approximately doubles the rate. DNP has no effect. Decreasing the salt concentration increases the rate. 6. 6. DNP decreases the amount of shortening of unloaded psoas fibers. 7. 7. The results have been discussed in terms of a kinetic scheme which assumes that the rate of desorption of the nucleoside diphosphate product of the reaction may be rate limiting under certain conditions.
9.4: Residual Gas Effects on the Emission Characteristics of Active Mo Field Emission Cathode Arrays

Experimental measurements on the effects of oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and helium gases on the emission characteristics of active molybdenum field emission cathode arrays are presented. Kinetics of the gas-field emitter interaction were studied and mechanisms responsible for emission changes arez identified.
The inorganic NO3-:NH4+ ratio influences plant regeneration and auxin sensitivity in primary callus derived from immature embryos of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Summary We have investigated whether the inorganic NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratio can influence indica rice plant regeneration from primary callus and the response of these calli to an exogenous auxin source, 2,4-D. Various NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratios were tested that correspond to the NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratios commonly used for rice cell culture. Plant regeneration, after callus induction on 2 mg/L 2,4-D, was supported by a wide range of NO 3 - :NH 4 + ratios (from 85:15 [21.25mM NO 3 -:3.75 mM NH 4 + ] to 50:50 [12.5mM NO 3 - : 12.5mM NH 4 + ]). However, lowering the NO 3 - :NH 4 + ratio from 80:20 (the original basal medium composition) to 75: 25 resulted in a three-fold increase in plant height and root growth. As the NO 3 - NH 4 + was lowered even further, the shoots became shorter and thicker while the roots became more truncated and formed fewer secondary roots. The NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratio also affected the response of these calli to different concentrations of 2,4-D. At a NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratio of 80: 20 there was a strong doseresponse curve to 2,4-D while at a NO 3 - : NH 4 + ratio of 50: 50 this dose-response curve was much flatter.
A 25-year analysis of the American College of Gastroenterology research grant program: factors associated with publication and advancement in academics.

Corrigendum: A 25-Year Analysis of the American College of Gastroenterology Research Grant Program: Factors Associated With Publication and Advancement in Academics
Polarized fluorescent emission from probes near dielectric interfaces

Abstract The electromagnetic field surrounding and emitted by a dipolar molecular probe very near to a dielectric interface is the sum of the real dipole field and the field of the image dipole induced inside the dielectric interface. The total charge distribution, made up of the real and image dipoles in close proximity to each other, approximates a quadrupole distribution and emits a light intensity pattern similar to that of an oscillating electric quadrupole. The electromagnetic field emitted by this system contains information that can be directly related to the spatial and orientational distributions of the dipole near the interface. Experimental methods are discussed that utilize this system for determining the spatial and orientational distribution of fluorescent probes in biological material.
Effeminacy, Masculinity, and Homosocial Bonds: The (Un)Intentional Queering of John Keats

Despite John Keats’s widely acknowledged literary and cultural impact on writers of the Victorian period, little work has been done to explore the biographical methods by which this impact came about. By closely examining the publications and private correspondence of the Keats Circle during the 1820s and 1830s, one can see various patterns to the biographical development of Keats, particularly in relation to their subject’s masculinity. From the widespread eulogies immediately following the poet’s death, to Hunt’s 1828 biographical sketch in Lord Byron and Some of His Contemporaries, to Brown’s 1836 biography manuscript, threads are spun simultaneously of Keats as icon of middle-class masculinity, perpetually youthful Aesthetic ideal, and object of queered desire. Through the complexities of this process, the Keats Circle itself becomes a model of queered male companionship, centred around Keats as a shared object of homosocial affection. The Circle, along with the Cambridge Apostles who would assume control of the biographical project in the 1840s, thereby provide an earlier exemplum of late-Victorian Hellenism than has been previously noted, and establish a crucial conduit for the biographical basis of Keats’s Victorian fame.
Friction Oxidation Characteristics

A mechanism is proposed to account for the friction oxidation that occurs in steel bearings subjected to small amplitude oscillations. It was developed from analysis of data obtained from an apparatus used to rate the lubricity of greases. The heat generated in poorly lubricated bearings increases the rate at which iron oxide forms. The oxide builds up until it can no longer sustain the resulting load; then the oxide layer collapses, contributing abrasive particles that cause additional wear. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/ASLE Lubrication Conference in Washington, D. C., October 5–7, 1082
"Close-coupling and distorted-wave calculations for electron-impact excitation of the (5p56p) states of xenon"

We report on a series of calculations for electron-impact excitation of the $(5{p}^{5}6p)$ states in xenon from the ground state $(5{p}^{6})^{1}S_{0}$. As in previous calculations for other noble-gas targets, we find strong evidence of channel coupling for all incident energies considered (between threshold and $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{eV}$). Although qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Fons and Lin [Phys. Rev. A 58, 4603 (1998)] is achieved, severe quantitative discrepancies of sometimes more than a factor of 2 remain.
Training the Millennial Learner Through Experiential Evolutionary Scaffolding: Implications for Clinical Supervision in Graduate Education Programs

They are the Millennials – Generation Y. Over the next few decades, they will be entering genetic counseling graduate training programs and the workforce. As a group, they are unlike previous youth generations in many ways, including the way they learn. Therefore, genetic counselors who teach and supervise need to understand the Millennials and explore new ways of teaching to ensure that the next cohort of genetic counselors has both skills and knowledge to represent our profession well. This paper will summarize the distinguishing traits of the Millennial generation as well as authentic learning and evolutionary scaffolding theories of learning that can enhance teaching and supervision. We will then use specific aspects of case preparation during clinical rotations to demonstrate how incorporating authentic learning theory into evolutionary scaffolding results in experiential evolutionary scaffolding, a method that potentially offers a more effective approach when teaching Millennials. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
The Effects of Ingredient Branding Strategies on Host Brand Extendibility

Abstract A decision of increasing importance is how ingredient attributes that make up a product should be labeled or branded, if at all. The authors conduct a laboratory experiment to consider how ingredient branding affects consumer acceptance of a novel line extension (or one that has not been introduced before) as well as the ability of the brand to leverage that ingredient to introduce future category extensions. The authors study two particular types of novel line extensions or brand expansions: (1) slot-filler expansions, in which the level of one existing product attribute changes (e.g., a scent in Tide detergent that is new to the laundry detergent category) and (2) new attribute expansions, in which an entirely new attribute or characteristic is added to the product (e.g., cough relief liquid added to Life Savers candy). The authors examine two types of ingredient branding strategies by branding the target attribute ingredient for the brand expansion with either a new name as a self-branded ingr...
Adaptive predistortion linearization of RF power amplifiers using lookup tables generated from subsampled data

This paper discusses a new architecture for adaptive predistortion linearization of power amplifiers, whereby subsampled data (i.e. lower than Nyquist rate) from the input and output baseband waveforms is used to construct a lookup table. The technique utilizes a sampling downconverter that accurately captures a waveform sample in a narrow aperture before digitization. Because aliasing effects are the same for both input and output waveforms, information may be obtained regarding the amplitude and phase distortion characteristics of the power amplifier. The concept is validated using a test bed consisting of two sampling downconverters and a dual channel receiver. Results achieved indicate that 10-12 dB of adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) improvement may be obtain using sampling rates as low as 33% of the Nyquist rate of the baseband output signal bandwidth.
Capability and Limitations of Electrocardiography and Magnetocardiography

The capabilities and limitations of electrocardiography and magnetocardiography are discussed. Representing the electrical activity of the heart by an impressed current density ji, electrocardiography determines the spherical harmonic multipole expansion of its divergence (flux source), while magnetocardiography determines the spherical harmonic multipole expansion of the radial component of its curl (vortex source).
Potential Clinical Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing Primary or Secondary Lymphomas of the Parotid Gland

Abstract Background: We have reviewed the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging for clinical management of primary parotid lymphoma (by applying strict criteria of primary extranodal involvement by this disease) as well as of cases in which spread of the disease to the parotid gland had occurred as a consequence of primary nodal disease. Patients and Methods: A total of 9 cases of parotid lymphoma (5 primary parotid lymphoma and 4 cases of combined nodal/extranodal lymphoma with parotid involvement) were identified and analyzed for this study. A retrospective review of the clinical records, radiologic data, and pathology results was carried out for assessment of the natural course and FDG-PET results in this disease. These patients had undergone conventional whole-body FDGPET or PET/computed tomography for Initials or posttherapy monitoring purposes. Results: All cases in both subgroups had unilateral parotid involvement. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was focal, and visual assessment was sufficient to detect the disease in all the cases with a sensitivity of 100% in primary and secondary lymphoma of the parotid, independent of the histologic subtypes. The maximum standard uptake value in untreated cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma of parotid was higher (10.4 and 10.2, respectively) than that of primary parotid marginal zone lymphoma (5.2). Postchemotherapeutic remission was correctly determined by PET in all 3 patients who underwent chemotherapy. The parotid involvement was noted at diagnosis in 2 cases and in the remaining ones up to 30 months after Initials diagnosis. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was focal and distinct in all cases, and in 1 patient with a parotid nodule as small as 0.5 cm, the lesion was clearly visualized. The maximum standard uptake values in the posttreatment scenario varied from 1.3 to 1.9, which are within the range of what has been observed in the normal parotids. In 4 of 5 patients who underwent treatment monitoring, complete metabolic response in PET was noted in advance of size criteria by radiologic techniques for complete response. Conclusion: Despite the known physiologic FDG uptake in parotid glands, FDG-PET appears to be of potential value in managing patients with parotid lymphoma in various stages of disease, including diagnosis and monitoring for therapeutic response.
Effects of Nest Relocation on Nest Temperature and Embryonic Development of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-distance nest relocation on nest parameters and embryonic development of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The nesting biology of the loggerhead sea turtle was studied on Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge in 2005 and 2006 during the nesting season. Research nests were randomly assigned 1 of 2 treatments (in situ or relocated). In situ nests (n = 35) were left in the original location, while relocated nests (n = 34) were moved above the spring high-tide line and into areas that were considered to have favorable nesting conditions. Data-loggers were placed in the center of nests to record the temperature during incubation. Incubation durations, nest temperatures, hatch success, and hatchling straight carapace lengths were compared for all research nests. The observed nests showed similar nest parameters and embryonic development regardless of nest treatment. Differences in nest parameters and embryonic development ...
Electronic Publication and the Narrowing of Science and Scholarship

Online journals promise to serve more information to more dispersed audiences and are more efficiently searched and recalled. But because they are used differently than print-scientists and scholars tend to search electronically and follow hyperlinks rather than browse or peruse-electronically available journals may portend an ironic change for science. Using a database of 34 million articles, their citations (1945 to 2005), and online availability (1998 to 2005), I show that as more journal issues came online, the articles referenced tended to be more recent, fewer journals and articles were cited, and more of those citations were to fewer journals and articles. The forced browsing of print archives may have stretched scientists and scholars to anchor findings deeply into past and present scholarship. Searching online is more efficient and following hyperlinks quickly puts researchers in touch with prevailing opinion, but this may accelerate consensus and narrow the range of findings and ideas built upon.
Use of serial multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance.

Introduction: We evaluated the performance of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion–guided biopsy (FB) for monitoring patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS). Materials and methods: Patients undergoing mp-MRI and FB of target lesions identified on mp-MRI between August 2007 and August 2014 were reviewed. Patients meeting AS criteria (Clinical stage T1c, Gleason grade r6, prostate-specific antigen density r0.15, tumor involving r2 cores, and r50% involvement of any single core) based on extended sextant 12-core TRUS biopsy (systematic biopsy [SB]) were included. They were followed with subsequent 12-core biopsy as well as mp-MRI and MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy at follow-up visits until Gleason score progression (Gleason Z7 in either 12-core or MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy). We evaluated whether progression seen on mp-MRI (defined as an increase in suspicion level, largest lesion diameter, or number of lesions) was predictive of Gleason score progression.
Spring snow goose hunting influences body composition of waterfowl staging in Nebraska

A spring hunt was instituted in North America to reduce abundance of snow geese (Chen caerulescens) by increasing mortality of adults directly, yet disturbance from hunting activities can indirectly influence body condition and ultimately, reproductive success. We estimated effects of hunting disturbance by comparing body composition of snow geese and non-target species, greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) and northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected in portions of south-central Nebraska that were open (eastern Rainwater Basin, ERB) and closed (western Rainwater Basin, WRB; and central Platte River Valley, CPRV) to snow goose hunting during springs 1998 and 1999. Lipid content of 170 snow geese was 25% (57 g) less in areas open to hunting compared to areas closed during hunting season but similar in all areas after hunting was concluded in the ERB. Protein content of snow geese was 3% (14 g) less in the region open to hunting. Greater white-fronted geese had 24% (76 g; n = 129) less lipids in the hunted portion of the study area during hunting season, and this difference persisted after conclusion of hunting season. We found little difference in lipid or protein content of northern pintails in relation to spring hunting. Indirect effects of spring hunting may be considered a collateral benefit regarding efforts to reduce overabundant snow goose populations. Disrupted nutrient storage observed in greater white-fronted geese represents an unintended consequence of spring hunting that has potential to adversely affect reproduction for this and other species of waterbirds staging in the region. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Two types of magnetospheric ELF chorus and their substorm dependences

The distribution of extremely low frequency (10-1500 Hz) magnetospheric chorus to all local times and latitudes is investigated in order to determine dependence on substorms, and to evaluate the conditions under which chorus is generated. The analysis carefully separates space and time effects by an investigation of data obtained by the OGO 5 search coil magnetometer. A study of spatial dependencies shows that chorus occurs in two magnetic regions: equatorial chorus is located near the equator, and high-latitude chorus is located above 15 degrees. An analysis of chorus in each of the regions illustrates that equatorial chorus is definitely related to substorm, whereas high-latitude chorus often occurs within magnetically quiet intervals.
Lateral hypothalamic involvement in feeding elicited from the ventral pallidum

Intense feeding can be elicited by injections of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline into the medial ventral pallidum (VPm), a basal forebrain structure anatomically interposed between two other feeding-related brain regions, the nucleus accumbens shell and the lateral hypothalamus (LH). To determine whether the VPm effects changes in feeding behavior through actions on the LH, we examined feeding following unilateral injections of bicuculline into the VPm made either ipsilateral or contralateral to a unilateral excitotoxic lesion of the LH in nondeprived rats. We found that lesions of the LH significantly attenuated feeding induced from the ipsilateral VPm, as compared to sham-operated controls. In striking contrast, unilateral LH lesions significantly potentiated the feeding response elicited by injections of bicuculline into the contralateral VPm. The 'ipsilateral-contralateral disruption' design we used makes it extremely unlikely that our findings could have resulted from nonspecific effects of the lesions. These results suggest that the LH is causally involved in mediating the ingestive effects produced by activation of the VPm, and provide an important insight into the functional circuitry by which basal forebrain structures control food intake in mammals.