cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large-scale, lineage-specific expansion of a bric-a-brac/tramtrack/broad complex ubiquitin-ligase gene family in rice.

Selective ubiquitination of proteins is directed by diverse families of ubiquitin-protein ligases (or E3s) in plants. One important type uses Cullin-3 as a scaffold to assemble multisubunit E3 complexes containing one of a multitude of bric-a-brac/tramtrack/broad complex (BTB) proteins that function as substrate recognition factors. We previously described the 80-member BTB gene superfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe the complete BTB superfamily in rice (Oryza sativa spp japonica cv Nipponbare) that contains 149 BTB domain–encoding genes and 43 putative pseudogenes. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the rice and Arabidopsis superfamilies revealed a near equal repertoire of putative substrate recognition module types. However, phylogenetic comparisons detected numerous gene duplication and/or loss events since the rice and Arabidopsis BTB lineages split, suggesting possible functional specialization within individual BTB families. In particular, a major expansion and diversification of a subset of BTB proteins containing Meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) substrate recognition sites was evident in rice and other monocots that likely occurred following the monocot/dicot split. The MATH domain of a subset appears to have evolved significantly faster than those in a smaller core subset that predates flowering plants, suggesting that the substrate recognition module in many monocot MATH-BTB E3s are diversifying to ubiquitinate a set of substrates that are themselves rapidly changing. Intriguing possibilities include pathogen proteins attempting to avoid inactivation by the monocot host.
Dynamic graph query primitives for SDN-based cloudnetwork management

The need to provide customers with the ability to configure the network in current cloud computing environments has motivated the Networking-as-a-Service (NaaS) systems designed for the cloud. Such systems can provide cloud customers access to virtual network functions, such as network-aware VM placement, real time network monitoring, diagnostics and management, all while supporting multiple device management protocols. These network management functionalities depend on a set of underlying graph primitives. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the software architecture including a shared graph library that can support network management operations. Using the illustrative case of all pair shortest path algorithm, we demonstrate how scalable lightweight dynamic graph query mechanisms can be implemented to enable practical computation times, in presence of network dynamism.
A new genus, Fibragallia, with descriptions of new species from central America and Mexico (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Agalliinae)

A new genus, Fibragallia, type-species Agallia bidigitata Oman. is established for the Agallia bidigitata species group. Seven new species in the complex are described and illustrated: F. tridigitata from Panama, mexicana from Mexico and paradigitata, similis, grandigitata, lamina, and biclava from Costa Rica. Diagnostic characters in the female seventh sternum are elucidated. Fibragallia bidigitata (Oman) is designated as a new combination. A key to species, a discussion of generic relationships and distribution of the genus and species complex are presented.
Unnecessary laryngeal irradiation in the IMRT era

Purpose. The purpose of this review is to address the issue of unnecessary irradiation of the normal larynx. Methods. We performed a literature review and dosimetry evaluation of intensity modulated radiotheraphy (IMRT) techniques. Results. Data suggest that matching conventional parallel opposed photon fields through adenopathy is a reasonable alternative to the common practice of unnecessarily irradiating the normal larynx to high doses. The dosimetry evaluation demonstrates that the laryngeal dose is much higher when the entire neck is included in the IMRT field as opposed to using a standard anterior low-neck field below the level of the thyroid notch. Conclusions. Lateral opposed fields should not be extended to include the larynx to avoid matching fields through adenopathy. IMRT fields should not include the normal larynx when the laryngeal dose would be substantially lower with a technique that shields the larynx in an anterior low-neck field. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 257–264, 2004
Practice recommendations based on low, very low, and missing evidence

Largely bypassing discussion of industry’s influence, the chairs of the Kidney and Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) advisory board and anemia work group and Dr. Uhlig review the structure and the process of guideline development that was used to write the opinion-based clinical practice recommendations (CPR) and evidence-based guidelines (EBG) (1). They propose that the CPR are more than mere opinion, even though they are based on a “quality of evidence (that) is low, very low, or missing” (2). Despite their claims, it is obvious that no process or analysis can ever compensate for absent or low-value evidence. Less obvious, if work groups are partial to an industry’s position, then overstating the validity of their CPR could provide great benefits to that industry. Indeed, …
The Effect of Vancomycin and Third-Generation Cephalosporins on Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in 126 U.S. Adult Intensive Care Units

Higher rates of vancomycin or third-generation cephalosporin use were associated with increased prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection, independent of other intensive care u...
Target recognition using HRR profile-based incoherent SAR (InSAR) image formation

Feature-aided target verification is a challenging field of research, with the potential to yield significant increases in the confidence of re-established target tracks after kinematic confusion events. Using appropriate control algorithms airborne multi-mode radars can acquire a library of HRR (High Range Resolution) profiles for targets as they are tracked. When a kinematic confusion event occurs, such as a vehicle dropping below MDV (Minimum Detectable Velocity) for some period of time, or two target tracks crossing, it is necessary to utilize feature-aided tracking methods to correctly associate post-confusion tracks with pre-confusion tracks. Many current HRR profile target recognition methods focus on statistical characteristics of either individual profiles or sets of profiles taken over limited viewing angles. These methods have not proven to be very effective when the pre- and post- confusion libraries do not overlap in azimuth angle. To address this issue we propose a new approach to target recognition from HRR profiles. We present an algorithm that generates 2-D imagery of targets from the pre- and post-confusion libraries. These images are subsequently used as the input to a target recognition/classifier process. Since, center-aligned HRR Profiles, while ideal for processing, are not easily computed in field systems, as they require the airborne platform's center of rotation to line up with the geometric center of the moving target (this is impossible when multiple targets are being tracked), our algorithm is designed to work with HRR profiles that are aligned to the leading edge (the first detection above a threshold, commonly referred to as Edge-Aligned HRR profiles). Our simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for classifying target vehicles based on simulations using both overlapping and non-overlapping HRR profile sets. The algorithm was tested on several test cases using an input set of .28 m resolution XPATCH generated HRR profiles of 20 test vehicles (civilian and military) at various elevation angles.
A new topology of active filter to correct power-factor, compensate harmonics, reactive power and unbalance of three-phase four-wire loads

This paper proposes a new topology of an active filter (AF) with improved control algorithm. The reactive power theory of three-phase circuits is used to obtain reference currents as control quantities for the AF. The developed improved control algorithm is first tested with a standard topology of the AF, thereafter, extended to control a new topology of four-pole AF system. The new topology of the AF system is capable to compensate harmonics and reactive power, correct power-factor and unbalance in three-phase four-wire balanced/unbalanced linear/nonlinear loads. The proposed new topology of the AF system fully compensates neutral current for nonlinear unbalanced load connected in a three-phase four-wire supply system, thereby preventing heating and bursting of neutral conductor. The new topology of the AF system is free from shoot through fault and exhibits a desired performance. The developed control algorithm is implemented using a TMS320C31 DSP system and performance of new topology of the four-pole AF system with improved control algorithm is simulated. Simulation as well as experimental results are given and discussed in detail.
Acoustic Observation of the Time Dependence of the Roughness of Sandy Seafloors

A statistical model for the time evolution of seafloor roughness due to biological activity is applied to photographic and acoustic data. In this model, the function describing small scale seafloor topography obeys a time-evolution equation with a random forcing term that creates roughness and a diffusion term that degrades roughness. When compared to acoustic data from the 1999 and 2004 Sediment Acoustics Experiments (SAX99 and SAX04), the model yields diffusivities in the range from 3.5 times 10-11 to 2.5 times 10-10 m2 s-1 (from 10 to 80 cm2 yr-1), with the larger values occurring at sites where bottom-feeding fish were active. While the experimental results lend support to the model, a more focused experimental and simulation effort is required to test several assumptions intrinsic to the model.
Removing Market Barriers to Green Development: Principles and Action Projects to Promote Widespread Adoption of Green Development Practices

This paper examines how the market may intentionally or unintentionally create barriers to green development practices. It also offers ideas and recommendations for those who build, finance, and ar...
Oligodendrogliomas: questions answered, answers questioned.

In light of the high bar that must be met for results to be truly practice-changing, and of the long period of time before survival results are mature in an indolent disease, the primary endpoint for clinical trials in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors needs rethinking.
Coping styles used by sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The current study examined the coping styles used by sexual minority men who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, emotional, and physical victimization, as well as physical injury. BACKGROUND: While sexual minority men experience IPV at least as often as do heterosexuals, there is currently limited knowledge of IPV in this community or resources for sexual minority men who experience IPV. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design. METHOD: Sexual minority men (N= 89) were recruited as part of a national online survey and completed questionnaires assessing lifetime experiences of IPV as well as various coping strategies. In terms of IPV, 34.8% of participants reported having been targets of sexual abuse, 38.2% targets of physical abuse, 69.7% targets of psychological abuse, and 28.1% had experienced an injury as a result of IPV during their lifetime. RESULTS: Canonical correlation analyses found that IPV victimization explained 32.5% of the variance in adaptive and 31.4% of the variance in maladaptive coping behaviors. In the adaptive coping canonical correlation, standardized loadings suggested that sexual minority men who experienced IPV resulting in injury were more likely to use religious coping, but less likely to use planning coping. In the maladaptive coping canonical correlation, sexual minority men who had been targets of intimate partner sexual victimization and IPV resulting in injury tended to engage in increased behavioral disengagement coping. CONCLUSION: This study revealed several coping behaviors that are more or less likely as the severity of different forms of IPV increases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en
Magnets through the ages

With declining enrolments in science courses in the US and Europe, and with much of society viewing key results of science with scepticism, the term "popular science" sometimes seems like an oxymoron. But thankfully, many scientists continue to write popular-science books, in which they attempt to convey to non-scientific readers some of the excitement and human side of science, and the impact of science on our history and culture. Alberto Guimaraes, a physicist at the Brazilian Center for Physical Research in Rio de Janeiro, has been active for many years popularizing science in Brazil, and now has extended his reach with this book focusing on the long and colourful history of magnets and magnetism.
US Intervention in Vietnam

After the victory of the anticolonial communist (Viet Minh) forces in 1954 and the achievement of a temporary military settlement with the French at Geneva, the US became increasingly involved in Vietnamese politics. The 17th Parallel, which had been designated in the Geneva agreement as a demilitarized zone, was turned into a border between the Viet Minh-controlled North and the South, where a US-supported government was headed by Ngo Dinh Diem. The specifics of the origin of the US involvement are well documented elsewhere, and we need only recall here that by 1954 the US was providing 80 per cent of the funding for the French war in Indochina, and that by January 1955, the US had become the direct paymaster of the South Vietnamese military (Porter 1975: 4).
The International Crimes Tribunal for Bangladesh: A Delayed, Politicized, and Self-Limiting Experiment in Transitional Justice

The International Crimes Tribunal for Bangladesh — as a transitional justice institution — is at once very delayed, only created some 40 years after the Liberation War, and at the same time rushed, hasty in its proceedings, and rushed to judgments. It is the subject of limited scholarship although there has been some recent pioneering work by a handful of researchers. This chapter focuses on the history of the conflict, with particular emphasis on the experiences of Bangladeshi women during and after the war, and to what extent the ICT has acknowledged the wartime experiences of women, provided redress to women survivors, and furthered gender equality more broadly in the Bangladeshi context. The chapter also notes the ICT’s legalistic shortcomings, susceptibility to political tampering, and a lack of victim-centric approach to justice.
Abstract P626: Amine Oxidase Activity in Mesenteric Perivascular Adipose Tissue Adipocytes is Mediated by Semicarbazide Sensitive Amine Oxidase

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is important in regulating vascular tone and reduces contraction of vessels to various agonists. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which contains immune cells, neurons, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and preadipocytes. Adipocytes, the main cell type in PVAT, contain various amine oxidases. We hypothesized that amine oxidases in mesenteric PVAT would metabolize vasoactive amines. To determine the primary enzyme(s) responsible for the amine oxidase activity in PVAT, an Amplex Red assay was performed. We added tyramine, a substrate for monoamine oxidase-A & B (MAO-A, MAO-B) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), to cell and tissue fractions from male Sprague Dawley rats to test for H2O2production as an indicator of oxidase activity. Oxidase activity in mesenteric PVAT increased from 7.92±2.27 (vehicle) to 20.83±5.30 with the addition of tyramine (p<0.05) and from 9.30±2.55 to 24.60±6.38 in adipocytes (p<0.05; pmol/min·mg±SEM; N=5). In both the mesenteric PVAT and isolated adipocytes, the oxidase activity was reduced to baseline levels (vehicle) by pre-incubating with the SSAO inhibitor semicarbazide (1 mM; PVAT: 8.49±2.56, adipocytes: 9.43±3.21; p<0.05; N=4-5). No reduction in oxidase activity in both the mesenteric PVAT and the isolated adipocytes was observed when the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline or the MAO-B inhibitor pargyline (1 μM; a concentration at which each drug is specific for their respective enzyme) were used. Westerns revealed that mesenteric PVAT adipocytes had the highest expression of monomeric SSAO (~80 kDa; 124.75±30.71%) compared to the whole PVAT (66.15±9.92%), blood vessels (48.2±6.89%) and the SVF (38.76±11.65%) as quantified by percent density relative to β-actin using protein isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats (p<0.05; values given as %β-actin±SEM, N=4). Oxidase activity within the SVF remains to be determined. These findings support that most of the oxidase activity in mesenteric PVAT can be attributed to SSAO and the adipocyte is an abundant source of SSAO. Due to the proximity of PVAT to the blood vessel, oxidase activity in PVAT through SSAO may alter vascular tone by metabolizing vasoactive amines and through the production of H2O2.
An Overview of the Efferent Autonomic Nervous System

The efferent limb of the autonomic nervous system is classically described as a two neuron chain with the preganglionic cell body located in the brainstem or spinal cord (Fig. 1), the ganglion cell found outside the central nervous system (Figs. 2-6), and the postganglionic fibers projecting to specific target organs or effector tissues (Figs. 7-25). The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic components (Fig. 1). The organization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons is presented here only in brief outline. The details of preganglionic organization and outflow are available in several general reviews and chapters [1-4]. The sympathetic division is described as thoracolumbar based upon the localization of preganglionic cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord.
Flexible molecular materials: Stressed out crystals.

Molecular crystals have recently started to shake their inflexible reputation. Now, copper(II) acetylacetonate needles have been shown to be very flexible, and their mechanical deformation has been assessed through materials constants using methods customarily reserved for non-molecular materials.
From Each According to His Ability?: An Analysis of Endowment Taxation and Potential Earnings

This Article analyzes and critiques “ability taxation”, which taxes a person's "potential earnings." Despite this regime’s longstanding favor as a theoretical ideal for fair and efficient taxation among economists, certain philosophers and tax law scholars, little effort has been made to analyze what “potential earnings” means. This Article explores competing understandings of this notion. In so doing, it unearths a tension at the core of the ability tax program, involving a fundamental misalignment between the metaphysics and economics of ability taxation. It thus concludes that once we correctly understand its requirements we should reject the ability tax as unduly burdensome and unfair. This Article’s argument therefore constitutes a pressing challenge to the orthodoxy in public finance economics, as well as to the growing cadre of endowment tax partisans among political philosophers and scholars of tax law.
Influence of surface relaxation on solute atoms positioning within atom probe tomography reconstructions

Abstract While thermal or field-induced surface migration has been invoked often in past literature to rationalize the experimental observations of solute and impurity atoms segregation to specific poles and zones lines in atom probe tomography (APT) reconstructions, it does not satisfactorily explain all experimental results. Using a combined finite-element and molecular dynamics simulation approach that models the field evaporation process from mechanically relaxed emitter structures, we show that an additional mechanism, athermal relaxation, can also drive significant solute migration. The mechanism is illustrated for Cu in solid solution in Al, which exhibits segregation of Cu to 〈111〉 poles and along [110] zone lines in reconstructed APT data. The higher bonding energy of Cu atoms on the surface, confirmed using density-functional theory calculations, causes longer retention on the surface and preferential evaporation of neighboring Al atoms with subsequent athermal relaxation of Cu into higher-neighbor-count sites left vacant by evaporating Al neighbors. This in turn results in barrier-free long-range migration of the Cu atoms by a series of relaxation events that follow the receding terrace ledges towards high-neighbor count poles and zone lines. This mechanism fundamentally limits spatial resolution in the limit of zero temperature.
Theory of kaonic atoms

Abstract A nonlocal energy-dependent self-consistent kaon-nucleus optical potential is derived for kaonic atoms. Energy level shifts and widths are calculated for several light nuclei, and the results are compared with experiment. The sensitivity of the results to changes in parameters of the nuclear matter distribution is studied. Nonlocality and off-energy-shell effects are examined. The optical potential is derived by means of a Brueckner-type many-body theory with the independent pair approximation for the kaon and the nucleon. The two-body interaction on which the optical potential depends is represented by separable potentials of the Yamaguchi form. Coupled channels ( K N and Σπ) are used for the I = 0 states, which are dominated by the Y 0 ∗ resonance, and only a single channel ( K N ) is used for the I = 1 state. Calculations are carried out in three levels of approximation of the nonlocal energy-dependent optical potential. In no approximation is the potential found to be proportional to the nuclear density. Indeed, the real part of the potential changes sign in the nuclear surface. Sensitivity of the results to variations in the nuclear matter distribution is investigated and found to be on the order of experimental error. Nonlocality and off-energy-shell effects are estimated to be at least as large as this error, so that these effects must be included if one wishes to extract information about the nuclear surface from the existing experimental data. The use of correct nucleon wavefunctions and binding energies is similarly found to be essential in the calculation.
Intracellular magnesium and magnesium buffering.

The development of new techniques for measuring intracellular free Mg2+ during the 1980s has provided investigators with the tools needed to produce new insights into the regulation of cellular magnesium. Within the limits of this technology, it appears that all mammalian cells maintain free cytosolic Mg2+ levels within the fairly narrow range of 0.25–1 mM. While transport mechanisms and sequestration within cellular organelles will contribute to this regulation, it is binding of Mg2+ to an as yet poorly defined system of buffers that is largely responsible for determining the set point of this regulation. The lack of an adequately Mg2+-selective ionophore remains an impediment to progress in this area.
"Living turned inside out": the musical expression of psychotic and schizoid experience in talking heads' Remain in light.

The rock album form, advantageously suited for the artistic expression of intrapsychic experience, has been virtually ignored by analytic writers. Remain in Light by Talking Heads is presented as an example of an album that effectively utilizes the potentialities of this form to give powerful and disconcerting musical expression to a variety of psychotic and schizoid experiences, bringing to life the formulations for these phenomena of Bion, Winnicott, Guntrip, Ogden, Grotstein and others. The album suggests a variety of mechanisms by which sound and music may serve both defensive and compensatory functions in relation to these phenomena.
Leaf functional trait responses to changes in water status differ among three oak (Quercus) species

We monitored differences in rates of foliar carbon-compound increases with progressive drought as an indicator of sink limitation status and subsequent drought tolerance. We postulate that species which increase foliar carbohydrates and protein-precipitable phenolics (PPP) more quickly than related species over the same time period and drought conditions have stronger sink limitations and are therefore less drought tolerant. Quercus macrocarpa, Q. shumardii, and Q. virginiana saplings were subjected to two treatments for approximately 3.5 months: (1) watered, which received the equivalent of average weekly precipitation for College Station, TX, USA, and (2) droughted, in which precipitation was reduced by 100%. Q. virginiana’s photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) were 44 and 54% greater, respectively, than the other species in the drought treatment. Q. virginiana’s gs also increased more dramatically with watering and subsequent increases in predawn leaf water potential. This plasticity suggests Q. virginiana is best equipped to deal with sporadic rainfall events and soil moisture changes, at least in the short term. Results indicate that the three species allocate carbon from photosynthate in different ways. Q. shumardii had the most soluble sugar in its foliage but had the least PPP, while Q. virginiana and macrocarpa had more PPP and less sugar than Q. shumardii. Diameter:height growth rate was greatest in Q. shumardii. Foliar protein-precipitable phenolic content appears to be more affected by factors other than drought. Differences in species’ physiological responses to drought may result in stand composition shifts with future climate alterations.
Challenges of Maintaining Cognitive Demand during the Limit Lessons: Understanding One Mathematician's Class Practices.

In this study, we examined five limit lessons using Mathematical Tasks Framework to understand students’ opportunities to learn cognitively challenging tasks and maintain cognitive demand during limit lessons. Our analysis of Dr A’s five lessons shows that students rarely had opportunities to maintain or increase cognitive demand. There are two main factors that shaped her instructional practices, students and time. These two factors greatly influenced how she selects and implements limit tasks in her classes. To serve her students’ needs of knowing more rules, formulas and procedures, she selected and discussed those simple tasks a lot. Although Dr A thinks challenging tasks and asking demanding questions can be potentially good instructional practices, she thinks these instructional practices would not serve her students well. With these factors, we made possible recommendations to have more student-centred teaching.
Clinical Implications of Network Principles 3–12

This chapter discusses the clinical implications of Principles 3–12. Principle 3 concerns how neural networks create psychological constructs; how mind emerges from brain. Principle 4 concerns memory reactivation as a basis of emotion-focused therapy and the use of medications to modify memory. Principle 5 concerns priming. The clinical implications include attention bias, interpretation bias, reduced evidence of danger (RED) bias, memory bias, origins of cognitive distortions, cognitive bias modification in children and adults, and facilitating self-disclosure. Principle 6 concerns part–whole pattern completion. Its ability to explain all major features of post-traumatic stress disorder is considered. Explanatory criteria include distinguishing normal from abnormal processing, and explaining why trauma is re-experienced through memory, why stimuli associated with trauma are avoided, why general emotional numbing occurs, why persistent symptoms of arousal exist, comorbidity for generalized anxiety, depression, and substance abuse and why individual differences in symptom severity occur. The relevance of Principle 6 for false memories, false confessions, and imagination inflation are considered. Principle 7 concerns the fact that people seek consonance and avoid dissonance. Emotions distort cognitions to create a more acceptable gestalt. Principle 8 concerns training and retraining of artificial and real neural networks. Principle 9 concerns memory superposition that results in diagnostic problems. Principle 10 concerns prototype formation that is relevant to self-concept. Principle 11 concerns graceful degradation due to trauma and aging. Principle 12 concerns top-down and bottom-up processing including why placebos work.
Jewish and Christian Attitudes

Within the Roman empire, small groups of religious believers, Jewish and Christians, held different attitudes than did the Romans toward wealth and the poor. Both groups insisted on obeying and paying fealty to their God and resisted Roman efforts to pay obeisance to Roman deities. Jewish religious leaders were often more approving of business endeavors. Christians emphasized storing up treasures in heaven. The earliest Christians, with their expectation of imminent Parousia, held different attitudes toward work and wealth than did later Christians.
Measurement and Conceptualisation of Attitudes and Social Norms Related to Discrimination against Children with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Despite multiple global commitments to protect the rights of people with disabilities, discriminatory attitudes and social norms continue to disadvantage children with disabilities (CWD) in various...
The Development of Semantic Memories through Interpretation

This study used a phenomenological analysis to investigate the recollections of participants (N=36) of an interpretive program at Lowell National Historic Park. These individuals were interviewed s...
Practical Implementation of the Join-and-Disarm Option in the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons provides a nuclear-armed state that joins the treaty with two options. One is to join after eliminating its weapons and nuclear-weapon program. Alte...
Centrocytic Lymphoma: a B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Characterized by Chromosome 11 BCL-1 and PRAD 1 Rearrangements

Centrocytic lymphoma is a CD5-positive B cell neoplasm defined in the Kiel classification (Figure 1) [1]. This lymphoma, composed of cells resembling centrocytes (cleaved follicular center cells), is distinguished from other small cleaved cell lymphomas by the lack of transformed cells, the diffuse, vaguely nodular, or mantle zone growth pattern, and immunophenotypic differences (CD5+, CD10-, and strong surface IgM and/or IgD expression) [1, 2]. Transformation to non-cleaved or centroblastic (large cell) lymphomas is rare. Patients are usually males 50&3x2013;70 years of age, who generally present with diffuse lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and marrow involvement, and have a median survival > 4 years.
Initial Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cells for the Treatment of Tofu Processing Waste

Due to ever increasing industrial organic material wastewater regulations, there is growing interest in the food production industry for technologies to mitigate soluble waste discharges. Currently, food manufacturers in NYS with wastewaters that have high concentrations of soluble organic material, indicated by its chemical oxygen demand (COD), are charged substantial premiums by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to dispose of their high COD wastewaters. As a result, these producers are keen on pursuing more economical and sustainable alternatives. One novel option is a microbial fuel cell (MFC), a recently developed type of bioreactor that greatly reduces soluble COD by harnessing the electrochemical potential found in the chemical bonds of these organic materials through redox reactions under anaerobic conditions facilitated by exoelectrogenic microorganisms. MFC technology treating homogeneous substrates such as acetate at the laboratory scale has advanced to the point where COD removal efficiencies of over 90% are commonly achieved; however, efficiencies at treating less uniform, high COD level industrial scale food manufacturing wastewaters have only been investigated in a handful of studies. Since most real world wastewaters are non-uniform, MFC performance characterization of treating these actual discharges is crucial in determining their efficacy and cost effectiveness in large scale applications. To help fill this gap, this paper gives a relative efficacy comparison of five identical 3 L bench scale single chamber and three dual chamber MFC configurations (SCMFCs and DCMFCs, respectively) to a simulated POTW aeration process treating high COD whey effluent from a tofu manufacturing plant. Standard parametric EPA water quality tests of COD reduction were performed to assess the extent of the MFCs and POTW simulant effectiveness. COD levels in the MFC’s were reduced between 72% and 92%, while the POTW aeration process reduced levels 98%. This corroborates previously published studies showing that POTW systems are effective in reducing COD, but also that MFCs could be a more sustainable option due to their unique ability to directly produce, rather than consume, electric current. While these findings are promising, more studies are required to accurately determine the relative proportion of bioelectrochemical and methanogenic processes in the actual lowering of the COD levels.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Ventricular enlargement in new-onset pediatric epilepsies.

Abnormal expansion of the ventricular system has been observed in many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including dementia (Carmichael et al., 2007), multiple sclerosis (Dalton et al., 2006) and autism spectrum disorder (Palmen et al., 2005). The natural history of ventricular enlargement and its consequences have been increasingly investigated, and in some disorders such as schizophrenia, enlargement is present at the onset of the disorder (Sowell et al., 2000; Vita et al., 2006) and progresses over time (Kempton et al., 2010). In the literature on aging, age-accelerated ventricular enlargement may herald the cognitive decline associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (Nestor et al., 2008). In 1917, Thom was the first to note ventricle enlargement in individuals with epilepsy; he reported lateral ventricle dilation following postmortem examinations of patients with idiopathic epilepsy (Thom, 1917). But over the decades, interest in the ventricular system has never matched that seen in other disorders. Recently, Kalnin et al. (2008) used a qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system to identify brain abnormalities in children with new-onset epilepsies. Interestingly, enlarged ventricles were the most common finding among those with imaging abnormalities (seen in 51% of abnormal scans), a potentially clinically significant finding as mild generalized cognitive impairment is present in new-onset pediatric epilepsy (Oostrom et al., 2003; Hermann et al., 2006; Fastenau et al., 2009). Herein we examine volumes of the third, fourth, and lateral ventricles in children with new/recent-onset idiopathic generalized (IGE) and idiopathic localization-related epilepsy (ILRE) and healthy controls (HCs). Shape analysis was subsequently used to determine whether identified volumetric abnormalities were diffuse or localized. A consecutive subset of children were seen 2 years later to facilitate examination of whether ventricle enlargement was progressive in nature or reflected a static neurodevelopmental abnormality.
A DEFINED AGAR MEDIUM FOR GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

Catlin, B. Wesley (Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis.) and Gertrude M. Schloer. A defined agar medium for genetic transformation of Neisseria meningitidis. J. Bacteriol. 83:470–474. 1962.—An agar medium was developed for use in quantitative genetic studies of Neisseria meningitidis strain 15. It contains eight inorganic salts, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, arginine, cysteine, glycine, sodium glutamate, and purified agar. Abundant surface growth in the absence of supplemental carbon dioxide was obtained during 50 serial subcultures. A close correspondence was found between numbers of parental type colonies developing on the defined medium and on a complex medium. Cells subcultured serially three or four times on defined agar medium and placed directly into a solution of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid in defined liquid medium were susceptible to transformation without additional supplements. Of the treated population, 0.1 to 0.3% of the cells were transformed to streptomycin resistance.
Spectroscopic characterization of interactions between PVP and indomethacin in amorphous molecular dispersions.

Purpose. To study the molecular structure of indomethacin-PVP amorphous solid dispersions and identify any specific interactions between the components using vibrational spectroscopy.
Modeling of planar transformer with a unified CPW model

A planar transformer circuit derived from a unified CPW mode is presented. The elements of the model are calculated directly from the equations for CPWs and the transformer geometries. The substrate eddy current losses and coupling with the transformer lines are modeled by RL network structures and mutual inductances. One turn planar transformers have been designed and fabricated on various resistivity substrates. A good agreement is obtained between the measurement and the equivalent circuit. This work demonstrates the application of the unified model for transformers.
Effect of the Size of Outdoor Flight Cages on Brood Rearing and Food Consumption by Honeybees

SummarySmall colonies were maintained for 10 weeks in outdoor flight cages of various sizes. Both brood rearing and food consumption decreased significantly with cage size, and were significantly correlated. Colonies maintained in the largest cage (3·6 m3) behaved similarly to free-flying controls, and 1·8 m3 cages were less satisfactory. Bees housed in small cages reared brood only for some weeks (7 in 0·23 m3, 3 in 0·03 m3); in the smallest cage many adult bees died initially, and flight behaviour was absent or abnormal.
FIR filter design and synthesis using Olympus

In this paper, we present the design and VLSI implementation of a finite impulse response (FIR) filter using silicon compilation tools. The particular silicon compilation tools we used was Olympus, which is public-domain set of vertically integrated CAD tools for VLSI design developed at Stanford University. The design was based on using the distributed arithmetic method. Our results are very encouraging and this project tests the Olympus set of tools for a digital signal processing chip design application. We also present our finding about this set of published tools which has not been used for this kind of design problems before now.
Brokering the Immigrant Bargain: Second-Generation Immigrant Youth Negotiating Transnational Orientations to Literacy

Abstract This article explores how the children of immigrants queried and enacted the immigrant bargain narrative in their orientations to literacy and schooling at an afterschool program in New York City. The Mexican American elementary school students in this study expressed a common “immigrant bargain” narrative, a working-class immigrant family story of parents’ past and present sacrifices redeemed and validated through their children’s future academic merits (Louie 23; Smith 123). Language differences, transnational movements, and family histories affect how the children of immigrants imagine their parents’ migrations and their own transnational identities and literacies. Their identities as students, for example, compelled them to perceive their academic work ethic as repayment for their parents’ sacrifices, doubled with sometimes unreasonably high academic expectations for literacy achievement measured by merit. Literacy mentors and educators unfamiliar with the immigrant bargain should be attuned to its power for autobiographical writing, expressing both what motivates and constrains family migrations and second-generation students in their own academic goals. Afterschool program organizers, youth mentors, and school counselors especially should consider how the narrative builds confianza , or trust, and offers space for encouraging a transnational orientation to literacy in dialogue with immigrant families’ academic motives, goals, and preferences.
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) Tetrafluoroborate

[15418-29-8] C8H12BCuF4N4 (MW 314.60) InChI = 1S/4C2H3N.BF4.Cu/c4*1-2-3;2-1(3,4)5;/h4*1H3;;/q;;;;-1;+1 InChIKey = YZGSKMIIVMCEFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst in Diels–Alder3 and Ullmann5 reactions, intramolecular aromatic annulations,6, 7 ring expansions in steroids8) Physical Data: white crystals that decompose slowly in moist air9 to a greenish solid;10 mp 159–161 °C, dec 270 °C9 (161–171 °C, sealed tube;10 167–169 °C with decomposition11); d 1.466 g cm−3;10 IR ν 2270, 2290 (CN) cm−1.9 Solubility: sol toluene, CH2Cl2, MeCN. Form Supplied in: prepared as needed. Analysis of Reagent Purity: gravimetric determination of Cu.9 Preparative Methods: several available, e.g. modification of the known hexafluorophosphate procedure,12 addition of Acetonitrile to the CuBF4–toluene complex,10 and treatment of Copper(I) Oxide with Boron Trifluoride Etherate in MeCN.11 Purification: can be recryst from hot MeCN and dried in vacuo at 80 °C for 12 h.13 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant; moisture sensitive; handle under inert atmosphere. Use in a fume hood.
Present-day strain rates at the northern end of the ethiopian rift valley

Abstract Five successive geodimeter surveys during a five-year period yield hints as to the manner and rate of crustal extension in the Ethiopian rift valley. The northern geodimeter network traverses an en-echelon offset in the Wonji fault belt at latitude 8°30′N; this belt comprises the youngest volcanism and faulting of the rift floor. The northern network surveys reveal progressive rift extension at mean rates of 3–5 mm/year and strain rates of 6–16 · 10−7/yr, essentially confined within the Wonji fault belt segments. Small longitudinal motions of persistent dextral sense have occurred in the intervening zone between the offset segments. It is too early to say whether these deformations are local, regional or plate-tectonic phenomena, but the present aseismicity of the rift suggests the buildup of regional strain.
Species‐specific mediation of temperature and community interactions by multiple foundation species

Foundation species can provide habitat that modify abiotic and biotic processes that contribute to ecosystem function. While many studies have focused on the processes and consequences of a focal foundation species, understanding the ecological equivalence of co-occurring foundation species is important to identify key species responsible for ecosystem function. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of co-occurring foundation species on abiotic (temperature) and biotic responses of invertebrate species (recruitment, persistence, growth and survival). In a series of experimental field studies, we manipulated foundation species to measure invertebrate recruitment, persistence, and predation. A laboratory experiment measured foundation species effects on herbivore growth. Results demonstrated that macroalgal (Fucus vesiculosus ecad and Ascophyllum nodosum ecad scorpioides) intermediate foundation species provide habitat, food, and alleviate abiotic stress for dominant littorinid herbivores that surpass that provided by the primary species (Spartina alterniflora). These foundation effects were species-specific with F. vesiculosus ecad important for early life-history stages (enhanced recruitment and early growth of littorinid snails) and A. nodosum ecad important later on as a refuge from predators (Carcinus meanas) and stressful temperature. Understanding of the different effects of co-occurring foundation species on population and community processes is necessary for predicting community response to natural disturbance, species invasion, and ecosystem-based management actions.
Characterizing Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell for a CMET Balloon

We present the design of a multi-cell, low temperature PEM fuel cell for controlled meteorological balloons. Critical system design parameters that distinguish this application are the lack of reactant humidification and cooling due to the low power production, high required power mass-density and relatively short flight durations. The cell is supplied with a pressure regulated and dead ended anode, and flow controlled cathode at variable air stoichiometry. The cell is not heated and allowed to operate with unregulated temperature. Our prototype cell was capable of achieving power densities of 43 mW/cm2 /cell or 5.4 mW/g. The cell polarization performance of large format PEM fuel cell stacks is an order of magnitude greater than for miniature PEM fuel cells. These performance discrepancies are a result of cell design, system architecture, and reactant and thermal management, indicating that there are significant gains to be made in these domains. We then present design modifications intended to enable the miniature PEM fuel cell to achieve power densities of 13 mW/g, indicating that additional performance gains must be made with improvements in operating conditions targeting achievable power densities of standard PEM fuel cells.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Note on the influence of the Moon on earthquakes

Since the time of Perrey much statistical study has been devoted to seeking a relation between the frequency of earthquakes and the position of the moon. Different investigators have arrived at contradictory conclusions; so that the results of all this work have been disappointing. I think we shall see the reason for this if we look at the problem from a dynamical standpoint. The earth is tidally distorted by the moon and stresses must be set up which will add to those growing independently in the earth and influence the time of occurrence of a particular earthquake, and a preliminary estimate indicates that this influence may be important. Yet the influence depends not only upon the position of the moon, but also upon the direction of the strike of the fault where the fracture is about to take place with respect to the azimuth of the moon and on the dip of the fault. Of two faults similarly situated with respect to the moon, but with the downthrow on opposite sides of the fault, one will be advanced and the other retarded. In any large catalogue of earthquakes, faults will be involved striking in various directions, with different dips and with downthrown sides both towards and away from the moon. We conclude, therefore, that although the moon may have a definite effect on any particular fault, the hour-angle for its greatest effect will differ much for different faults, and no hour-angle will be especially predominant when a long list of earthquakes are studied statistically. This is only a preliminary note on a subject still under investigation.