cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unified Expression of the Quasi-Static Electromagnetic Field: Demonstration With MEG and EEG Signals

Objective: Electromagnetic recordings are useful for non-invasive measurement of human brain activity. They typically sample electric potentials on the scalp or the magnetic field outside the head using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG), respectively. EEG and MEG are not, however, symmetric counterparts: EEG samples a scalar field via a line integral over the electric field between two points, while MEG samples projections of a vector-valued field by small sensors. Here we present a unified mathematical formalism for electromagnetic measurements, leading to useful interpretations and signal processing methods for EEG and MEG. Methods: We represent electric and magnetic fields as solutions of Laplace's equation under the quasi-static approximation, each field representable as an expansion of the same vector spherical harmonics (VSH) but differently weighted by electro- and magnetostatic multipole moments, respectively. Results: We observe that the electric and the magnetic fields are mathematically symmetric but couple to the underlying electric source distribution in distinct ways via their corresponding multipole moments, which have concise mathematical forms. The VSH model also allows us to construct linear bases for MEG and EEG for signal processing and analysis, including interference suppression methods and system calibration. Conclusion: The VSH model is a powerful and simple approach for modeling quasi-static electromagnetic fields. Significance: Our formalism provides a unified framework for interpreting resolution questions, and paves the way for new processing and analysis methods.
Examining School Proactive Outreach to Families in Public Middle Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine middle school outreach to families about student behavior and its relationship with student school behavior, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, prosocial...
Clinical Validation of Somatic Mutation Detection by the Oncoscan CNV Plus Assay

The OncoScan CNV Plus Assay (OS+) is a single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray platform that can detect 74 hotspot somatic mutations (SMs) in nine genes via molecular inversion probes. We report validation of the SM component of OS+ using a cohort of pediatric high-grade brain tumor specimens. SM calls were generated from 46 brain tumor cases, most tested orthogonally via bidirectional Sanger sequencing. The initial calling algorithm result showed that 31 tumors were positive and 15 were negative for SM, with a total of 71 OS+ SM calls [28 high-confidence (HC) and 43 low-confidence (LC)]. Sanger sequencing was performed for 54 of the 71 calls (27 HC and 27 LC), as well as for 21 randomly selected hotspots across the 15 OS+ negative cases. HC calls (except EGFR) Sanger sequencing confirmed positive, negative calls confirmed negative, but none of the LC calls were Sanger-confirmed positive. An update of the OS+ algorithm resolved the LC calls, but of the 11 HC SM EGFR calls, Sanger sequencing confirmed only one. Two PTEN SM calls by OS+ in two separate cases were also negative per Sanger sequencing. We conclude that a majority of HC OS+ SM calls were accurate, except calls identified in EGFR and PTEN. Clinically, we report SMs identified by OS+ only after Sanger sequencing verification.
Gülhane lower extremity amputee rehabilitation protocol: A nationwide, 123-year experience.

Amputation, one of the oldest known surgical procedures, causes many physical, mental and sociological problems. With its 123 years of experience, Gulhane has a special knowledge and experience, particularly in amputation. The main purpose of this protocol is to reveal the steps to be followed in individuals with lower extremity amputation. In this way, it is aimed to create a resource which can be used by our colleagues who have difficulties in using an appropriate approach due to the lack of experience.
Rare case of BRAF V600E mutant anaplastic pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma in a 5-year survivor of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

A 20-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated at 13 years old with radiation and chemotherapy and a benign cystic mature ovarian teratoma diagnosed at 18 years old presented with 6 weeks of headaches and vomiting. She did not report vision changes or other
Cra and cAMP Receptor Protein Have Opposing Roles in the Regulation of fruB in Vibrio cholerae.

ABSTRACT The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae adapts to changes in the environment by selectively producing the necessary machinery to take up and metabolize available carbohydrates. The import of fructose by the fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphotransferase system (PTS) is of particular interest because of its putative connection to cholera pathogenesis and persistence. Here, we describe the expression and regulation of fruB, which encodes an EIIA-FPr fusion protein as part of the fructose-specific PTS in V. cholerae. Using a series of transcriptional reporter fusions and additional biochemical and genetic assays, we identified Cra (catabolite repressor/activator) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) as regulators of fruB expression and determined that this regulation is dependent upon the presence or absence of PTS sugars. Cra functions as a repressor, downregulating fruB expression in the absence of fructose when components of PTSFru are not needed. CRP functions as an activator of fruB expression. We also report that Cra and CRP can affect fruB expression independently; however, CRP can modulate cra expression in the presence of fructose and glucose. Evidence from this work provides the foundation for continued investigations into PTSFru and its relationship to the V. cholerae life cycle. IMPORTANCEVibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera disease. While current treatments of care are accessible, we still lack an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow V. cholerae to survive in both aquatic reservoirs and the human small intestine, where pathogenesis occurs. Central to V. cholerae’s survival is its ability to use available carbon sources. Here, we investigate the regulation of fruB, which encodes a protein central to the import and metabolism of fructose. We show that fruB expression is controlled by the transcriptional regulators Cra and CRP. This work contributes toward a clearer understanding of how carbon source availability impacts the physiology and, potentially, the persistence of the pathogen.
Age, sex, and cerebral microbleeds in EFAD Alzheimer disease mice

Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) increase at later ages in association with increased cognitive decline and Alzheimer Disease (AD). MB prevalence is also increased by APOE4 and hypertension. In EFAD mice (5XFAD+/-/human APOE+/+), cerebral cortex MBs are most prevalent in E4 females at 6 months, paralleling plaque amyloid. We evaluated MBs at 2, 4, and 6 months in relation to amyloid in plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) by age, sex, APOE allele, and blood pressure. At 2 mo, MBs were 50% more numerous than plaques, followed by decreased ratio of MBs:Aβ plaques with female excess to 6 mo. The stable size of MBs suggests MBs arise as single events of extravasation, which may "seed" plaque formation. Blood pressure was normal from 2 to 6 months, minimizing a role of hypertension. Memory, assessed by fear conditioning, decreased with age in correlation with MBs and amyloid. Cortical layer analysis showed prevalent MBs and plaque in layers 4 and 5. Contrarily, CAA was prevalent in layers 1 and 2, discounting its contribution to MBs.
Blastomycosis Infection in the Setting of Immunosuppression with Concurrent Methotrexate and Adalimumab for Treatment of Psoriasis

Blastomycosis is a dimorphic fungi endemic to the Ohio/Mississippi Rivers and the Great Lakes that can infect immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. Systemic fungal infections, such as histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, have often been reported in patients taking TNF-α inhibitors such as adalimumab. However, blastomycosis is significantly less common than histoplasmosis and no cases have been described in the literature. We report a case of systemic blastomycosis associated with adalimumab and methotrexate use for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment that required extensive treatment and discontinuation of both medications. To our knowledge, this is the first case of systemic blastomycosis associated with adalimumab and methotrexate treatment for psoriasis to be described in the literature.
Multiscale modeling of electrostatic precipitations of fly ash and mercury sorbents: Discontinuous current density effects

Abstract Injection of mercury sorbents such as powdered activated carbon (PAC) introduces a second particle phase into the flue gas at coal-fired power plants. Full-scale testing results of PAC injection upstream of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have shown darkening filters from in-stack particulate sampling. Previous experimental studies on the electrostatic precipitation of PAC-fly ash admixtures showed an increase in the mass of uncollected particles as the PAC concentration is increased in the admixtures. To explore variables that lead to an increase in the mass of uncollected particles and its relation to darkening filters, a multiscale model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics® based on a 2D Euler–Lagrange numerical scheme to study the particle collection behaviors of two separated particle phases: fly ash and PAC. The results showed that submicron particles (i.e. d p ≤ 1 μ m ) of both fly ash and PAC can enhance the induced vortical flows due to discontinuous current density. The present study provides a new understanding of the darkening PM filters due to PAC injection and for optimizing PAC injection when burning different coals.
The incidence and significance of late acute cellular rejection (>1000 days) after liver transplantation.

Abstract: Acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation occurs in as much as 70% of patients within the first year. There is very little known about ACR that occurs more than 1 yr after transplant, and it is generally believed that late occurring ACR may be more resistant to medical treatment and is associated with a higher rate of chronic ductopenic rejection and graft loss. A total of 532 recipients with more than 1000 d follow-up and who did not have hepatitis C were identified. Forty-three (8.1%) had biopsy proven late ACR at a mean of 1545 ± 441 d post-transplant. Additionally, 38 of the 43 (88.4%) patients with late ACR had earlier episodes of ACR before 1000 d post-transplant vs. only 295 of the 488 patients (60.5%) that did not have late ACR (p < 0.01). The incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was 32.6% among patients with late ACR and 11.1% among patients without late ACR (p < 0.01). The overall patient survival for patients who had late ACR (n = 43) is 81.4% while for patients without late ACR (n = 488) it is 82.0% (p = ns). Patients remain at risk for ACR even after 1000 d post-transplant, particularly those with PSC.
High Fat Diet Feeding Results in Gender Specific Steatohepatitis and Inflammasome Activation

AIM: To develop an animal model that encompasses the different facets of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which has been a challenge. METHODS: In this study, we used a high fat diet (HFD) feeding supplemented with fructose and sucrose in the water mimicking the high-fructose corn syrup that is abundant in the diet in the United States. We used C57Bl/6 wild-type mice for short and long-term feedings of 6 and 16 wk respectively, and evaluated the extent of liver damage, steatosis, and inflammasome activation. Our methods included histopathological analysis to assess liver damage and steatosis, which involved H and E and oil-red-o staining; biochemical studies to look at ALT and triglyceride levels; RNA analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; and cytokine analysis, which included the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to look at interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels. Furthermore, at each length of feeding we also looked at insulin resistance and glucose tolerance using insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS: There was no insulin resistance, steatosis, or inflammasome activation at 6 wk. In contrast, at 16 wk we found significant insulin resistance demonstrated by impaired glucose and ITT in male, but not female mice. In males, elevated alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride levels, indicated liver damage and steatosis, respectively. Increased liver TNFα and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA and protein, correlated with steatohepatitis. The inflammasome components, adaptor molecule, Aim2, and NOD-like receptor 4, increased at the mRNA level, and functional inflammasome activation was indicated by increased caspase-1 activity and IL-1β protein levels in male mice fed a long-term HFD. Male mice on HFD had increased α-smooth muscle actin and pro-collagen-1 mRNA indicating evolving fibrosis. In contrast, female mice displayed only elevated triglyceride levels, steatosis, and no fibrosis.
Undifferentiated Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia in Lateral Medullary Infarction

A 58-year-old man presented with severe retro-orbital headache with autonomic symptoms, vertigo, dysarthria, dysphagia, hypaesthesia, dysmetria, and ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated lateral medullary infarction with no evidence of vertebral artery dissection. Undifferentiated trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia may occur in the setting of lateral medullary infarction, probably secondary to trigeminal system dysfunction.
Kinetic model of atomic and molecular emissions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of organic compounds.

A kinetic model previously developed to predict the relative intensities of atomic emission lines in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been extended to include processes related to CN and C2 molecular emissions. Simulations with this model were performed to predict the relative excited-state populations. The results from the simulations are compared with experimentally determined excited-state populations from 1,064 nm laser irradiation of organic residues on aluminum foil. The model reasonably predicts the relative intensity of the molecular emissions. Significantly, the model reproduces the vastly different temporal profiles of the atomic and molecular emissions. The latter are found to extend to much longer times after the laser pulse, and this appears to be due to the increasing concentration of the molecules versus time. From the simulations, the important processes affecting the CN and C2 concentrations are identified.
Long-path infrared spectra of SiH4–Ar, –Kr, and –para-H2 van der Waals complexes in the 2190 cm−1 region

Abstract Infrared spectra of SiH 4 –Ar, SiH 4 –Kr, and SiH 4 – para- H 2 van der Waals molecules are observed in the region of the ν 4 fundamental band of silane by means of long-path (84–180 m), low temperature (95 K) equilibrium gas cell FTIR spectroscopy. The observed spectral features mostly correspond to unresolved Q -branches. For SiH 4 –Ar, some of these features are the same as those previously analyzed at high-resolution in a supersonic jet study by Randall et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) 7051], while others are higher K -value transitions that were not populated in the jet. The positions of these new transitions can be predicted very well by the parameters of Randall et al. For SiH 4 –Kr, which has not been studied previously, 15 Q -branch feature are assigned and fitted to obtain a preliminary set of parameters. For SiH 4 – para- H 2 a single prominent feature is observed and assigned as the R Q 0 ( J ) branch with A symmetry correlating with the SiH 4 monomer R (0) transition. The SiH 4 –Kr and SiH 4 – para- H 2 results should be useful as a basis for future high-resolution studies of these complexes.
Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Lysergic Acid Methylpropylamide (LAMPA)

Abstract A fast and convenient procedure is described for the HPLC separation of LSD and LAMPA. These compounds are separated by a reversed phase (C18) procedure using a binary solvent system of methanol and pH 3 phosphate buffer. Under these conditions all compounds are eluted in a retention volume of 27 mL or less. This procedure allows a forensic sample to be identified as LSD and to eliminate LAMPA as a possibility.
A kinetic study of the chemiluminescence in the ClNO2O3 system

Abstract Cl 2 was photolyzed at 366 nm at temperatures in the range 219–273 K in the presence of NO 2 with added N 2 or O 2 . The reaction mixture was bled continuously into a stream of ozonized oxygen; chemiluminescence was observed during the photolysis or shortly thereafter. The dark decay of the chemiluminescence was first order with a decay constant of 46.1exp {−(2000±300)/ T } s −1 . During irradiation the initial relative quantum yield Φ rel i { T } of the chemiluminescence was independent of the absorbed intensity, the total pressure, the Cl 2 pressure and the diluent gas (N 2 or O 2 ). The quantum yield increased with an NO 2 pressure increase at 273 K, but was independent of the NO 2 pressure at 238 or 219 K. The identity of the species responsible for the chemiluminescence is not yet certain.
A multiplexed high-resolution imaging spectrometer for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering spectroscopy.

The optical design of a two-dimensional imaging soft X-ray spectrometer is described. A monochromator will produce a dispersed spectrum in a narrow vertical illuminated stripe (∼2 µm wide by ∼2 mm tall) on a sample. The spectrometer will use inelastically scattered X-rays to image the extended field on the sample in the incident photon energy direction (vertical), resolving the incident photon energy. At the same time it will image and disperse the scattered photons in the orthogonal (horizontal) direction, resolving the scattered photon energy. The principal challenge is to design a system that images from the flat-field illumination of the sample to the flat field of the detector and to achieve sufficiently high spectral resolution. This spectrometer provides a completely parallel resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurement at high spectral resolution (∼30000) over the energy bandwidth (∼5 eV) of a soft X-ray absorption resonance.
Computer‐controlled, three‐electron‐gun, multisubstrate evaporator for the preparation of multilayer thin films

We have developed a novel multisource electron‐beam evaporator to prepare high‐quality multicomponent, multilayer thin films. The essential parts of the evaporator consist of three electron guns, a shutter turntable, and a multisubstrate turntable; the latter can be loaded with up to 20 substrates. A very attractive feature of the system is the implementation of computer control over the movement of the stepping motors. The two turntables are driven by separate stepping motors with optical encoders, and are used to: (i) position a selected substrate over a specified electron gun, and (ii) gate the flux for a desired time. With a suitable programming of the movement of the stepping motors, up to 20 different thin films, with individually tailored layers deposited sequentially from the three sources, can be prepared in a single run. The deposition rate and the sublayer thickness of the three constituents of a multilayer film are individually monitored by three film deposition controllers which communicate directly to the computer and the electron‐gun power supply. Predictable and reproducible deposition of thin films is accomplished by accurate, digital control of the deposition process. High‐quality films of YBaCuO have been prepared with this system.
Involvement of the short arm of chromosome 1 in a myxopapillary ependymoma.

We report a rearrangement of chromosome 1 resulting in the deletion of part of the short arm in a 5-year-old patient with a myxopapillary ependymoma of the spinal cord.
Characterization of gait abnormalities in Parkinson's disease using a wireless inertial sensor system

Gait analysis is important in diagnosing and evaluating certain neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In this paper, we show the ability of our wireless inertial sensor system to characterize gait abnormalities in PD. We obtain physical features of pitch, roll, and yaw rotations of the foot during walking, use principal component analysis (PCA) to select features, and use the support vector machine (SVM) method to create a classification model. In the binary classification task of detecting the presence of PD by distinguishing between PD and control subjects, the model performs with over 93% sensitivity and specificity, and 97.7% precision. Using a cost-sensitive learner to reflect the different costs associated with misclassifying PD and control subjects, performance of 100% specificity and precision is achieved, while maintaining sensitivity of close to 89%. In the multi-class classification task of characterizing parkinsonian gait by distinguishing among PD with significant gait disturbance, PD with no significant gait disturbance, and control subjects, 91.7% class recall for control subjects is achieved and the model performs with 84.6% precision for PD subjects with significant gait disturbance. The features selected for this classification task indicate the features of gait that are principal in discriminating gait abnormalities due to PD compared to a normal gait. These results demonstrate the ability of our wireless inertial sensor system to successfully detect the presence of PD based on physical features of gait and to identify the specific features that characterize parkinsonian gait.
Class-specific antibodies in young and aged humans against organisms producing superficial fungal infections.

SUMMARY Class-specific antibodies (IgG, IgA and IgM) against Candida albicans, Pityrosporum orbiculare and Trichophyton rubrum were measured in the serum from twenty-one young subjects (aged 23–44) and twenty elderly subjects (aged 70-88) who did not have a history of significant superficial fungal infections. We found that (a) antibody to all three organisms was present in all subjects in both groups, (b) except for a reduced level of IgM antibody against P. orbicular, the elderly subjects demonstrated humoral responses in these assays similar to those of the young subjects, (c) IgA antibody was present in higher amounts against C. albicans than against P. orbiculare or T. rubrum in both groups, and (d) the proportion of IgM antibody against T. rubrum was higher than that against the other two organisms. These findings suggest that the ecology of these three organisms with respect to the normal human host may be reflected in the serological responses against them
A new indentation model for snow

Abstract Plate indentation tests have been used widely to characterize the properties of terrains. In particular, pressure–sinkage curves obtained from these tests have been used for vehicle–terrain interaction predictions. However, there is a lack of physical basis to properly interpret the meaning of these empirical curves such that they cannot be related to fundamental material properties. Also, the relation between the plate indentation tests and static (non-rolling) pneumatic tire indentation is not clear. In this paper, we conducted finite element analysis of circular plate indentation and static tire indentation simulations for fresh snow of different depths. The results indicate that the pressure–sinkage relationship for the plate indentation test is qualitatively similar to that for static tire indentation. Three deformation zones have been identified for these tests using pressure–sinkage and density–sinkage data: a small elastic zone (Zone I), a propagating hardening plastic zone (Zone II) and a densification (finite depth) zone (Zone III). The onset of a finite-depth zone was identified where the pressure bulb beneath the plate/tire has reached the bottom of snow. It is shown that Zone I and Zone II correspond to a semi-infinite terrain typical of vehicle–soil interaction, whereas Zone III corresponds to a finite-depth domain for snow and other multilayered media. The plastic constraint underneath the indenters suggests a quasi-uniaxial stress state such that a simple 1-D indentation model was proposed for Zone I, a spherical cavity expansion solution was adapted for Zone II, and an upper bound solution was adapted for Zone III. The results of the prediction of the transition between Zone II and Zone III as well as the pressure–sinkage relationships compared well with finite element solutions of plate indentation and static tire indentation tests, and with field data.
Depressed patients understand heart failure prognosis but not how to control it.

Background Depression prevalence in patients with heart failure (HF) is 21% to 42%. Conceptual illness beliefs that patients have about HF may be associated with depression. Methods We examined whether accuracy of illness beliefs was associated with depression. Illness belief scores were compared with depression severity, and multivariable analyses were performed to determine factors that were independently associated with depression. Results In 219 elderly patients with HF, depression prevalence was 47%. Accuracy of illness beliefs was associated with depression ( r = .224; P = .049), due solely to accuracy of beliefs about consequences of HF ( P = .005). Beliefs about how to control HF remained stable as depression severity increased. After controlling for significant univariable factors, mean illness belief and consequence scores remained associated with depression. Conclusion In this sample, accuracy of beliefs about HF consequences increased but beliefs about how to control HF remained unchanged as depression severity worsened. This combination of HF beliefs may influence coping through self-care behaviors.
Breast cancer in brothers Case reports and a review of 30 cases of male breast cancer

Two brothers with breast cancer are presented. One died 8 years after diagnosis and the other is presently living at 1 year with metastatic disease. The courses of 28 other previously unreported male patients with carcinoma of the breast are reviewed, and the possibility of male breast carcinoma being metastatic disease from the prostate is discussed. Useful etiologic information might be obtained from following the offspring of male breast cancer patients to see if they are at increased risk of developing the disease.
Potential anticancer agents. V. The synthesis and biochemical studies of 5-fluorinated pyrimidine-6-carboxaldehydes and derivatives.

A series of 5-fluoropyrimidine-6-carboxaldehydes with varying 2-substituents was prepared from which a number of 6- substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines were derived. Several compounds in this series were found to inhibit growth of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma only slightly less effectively than 5-fluorouracil and the strongest inhibition of the series was 2-ethylthio-5-fluoropy- rimidine-6-carboxaldehyde, I-8. The replacement of the formyl group by other substituents tended to decrease or to abolish the inhibitory activity. The various compounds in this series inhibit respiration and glycolysis of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, but these inhibitory effects were obtained only at concentrations which were several fold higher than those required for inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis as reported previously.
Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy

Through the life of Benjamin Ryan Tillman (1847-1918), South Carolina's self-styled agrarian rebel, this book traces the history of white male supremacy and its discontents from the era of plantation slavery to the age of Jim Crow. As an anti-Reconstruction guerrilla, Democratic activist, South Carolina governor, and U.S. senator, Tillman offered a vision of reform that was proudly white supremacist. In the name of white male militance, productivity, and solidarity, he justified lynching and disfranchised most of his state's black voters. His arguments and accomplishments rested on the premise that only productive and virtuous white men should govern and that federal power could never be trusted. Over the course of his career, Tillman faced down opponents ranging from agrarian radicals to aristocratic conservatives, from woman suffragists to black Republicans. His vision and his voice shaped the understandings of millions and helped create the violent, repressive world of the Jim Crow South. Friend and foe alike--and generations of historians--interpreted Tillman's physical and rhetorical violence in defense of white supremacy as a matter of racial and gender instinct. This book instead reveals that Tillman's white supremacy was a political program and social argument whose legacies continue to shape American life. |Through the life of Benjamin R.Tillman (1847-1918), South Carolina's notorious agrarian rebel, this book traces white male supremacy from plantation slavery to the age of Jim Crow. As an anti-Reconstruction guerrilla, governor, and U.S. senator, he offered a vision of reform that was proudly white supremacist. This book argues that Tillman's white supremacy was a political program and social argument whose legacies continue to shape American life.
Intra-Protocol Plate Failures: An Investigation of Rorschach Card Meaning

Summary Thirty-three Ss were found who had IQs of average or better, but who nevertheless exhibited exactly two failures on the Rorschach. Analysis of the pairs of card rejections revealed a disproportionate number of card IX failures and a clustering among plates IV, VI, VII and IX.
Photoaffinity Labeling of the Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter with a Novel Perfluorophenylazido Chloroquine

Several models describing how amino acid substitutions in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) confer resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and other antimalarial drugs have been proposed. Further progress requires molecular analysis of interactions between purified reconstituted PfCRT protein and these drugs. We have thus designed and synthesized several perfluorophenyl azido (pfpa) CQ analogues for PfCRT photolabeling studies. One particularly useful probe (AzBCQ) places the pfpa group at the terminal aliphatic N of CQ via a flexible four-carbon ester linker and includes a convenient biotin tag. This probe photolabels PfCRT in situ with high specificity. Using reconstituted proteoliposomes harboring partially purified recombinant PfCRT, we analyze AzBCQ photolabeling versus competition with CQ and other drugs to probe the nature of the CQ binding site. We also inspect how pH, the chemoreversal agent verapamil (VPL), and various amino acid mutations in PfCRT that cause CQ resistance (CQR) affect the efficiency of AzBCQ photolabeling. Upon gel isolation of AzBCQ-labeled PfCRT followed by trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry analysis, we are able to define a single AzBCQ covalent attachment site lying within the digestive vacuolar-disposed loop between putative helices 9 and 10 of PfCRT. Taken together, the data provide important new insight into PfCRT function and, along with previous results, allow us to propose a model for a single CQ binding site in the PfCRT protein.
Optimization of a VISAR for measuring flyer-plate velocities

A VISAR (velocity interferometer) has been built to track flyer plates over a 1-mm travel. The laser, target, and cavity are fiber- coupled, and the signal collection is maximized.
Mixing characteristics of PC/PET polyblends in processing equipment

Using the melt blending procedure, various compositions of polycarbonate and poly(ethylene terephthalate) were compounded. Some of the blends were extruded and then injection-molded, while others were directly injection-molded into ASTM bars for physical testing. When the properties of these blends were compared, variations in values were obtained for blends of the same composition. Variations in properties were higher in blends containing less than 70% PET content. At 70% PET and above, there were negligible differences between blends of the same composition processed by different methods. Since it has been established that blends with more than 70% PET are miscible, it can be concluded that injection molding can be applied to mix miscible blends into final parts directly without a preliminary extrusion blending process.
Looking to the past for the future

G ood morning, everybody. It is early in the morning, and I am glad you came. I really want to thank Judy Bell for inviting me. It is a great, great honor to be here. I feel it a privilege to be given this podium. Actually, I might consider it a pulpit, although it is 8 o'clock in the morning! I am pleased to address you this morning, because I am worried about you. I have known many of you all your professional lives. Watching you grow and become my teachers has been one of the greatest joys of my life. At this point in history, however, I am very worried about you. I am not sure your profession is going to remain viable in the new climate of American medicine, and I think the solutions to your current problems may be in the past. What I would like to do today is review a little history for you, and see if solutions to our current dilemmas are in the past. Hand surgery as a specialty that originated during the Second World War. If you are interested in the history of this endeavor, there is a wonderful book, edited by Sterling Bunnell, describing hand surgical efforts during that war. * The book was published in 1954. The war had ended almost ten years before that. A great many of the things in this book are comments in retrospect, and of course retrospectoscopes are always more accurate than binoculars! This volume does, however, describe the process of the formation of the specialty beautifully. At the beginning of the Second World War, Colonel Condict W. Cutler, Jr., Surgical Consultant of the First Service Command, and Dr. Bunnell,
Anti‐democratic demos: The dubious basis of congressional approval

Abstract In representing a fragmented pluralist polity, the U.S. Congress inevitably exhibits high levels of conflict and disagreement. Increasingly, the American public finds such conflict—the ordinary procedures of legislative democracy—distasteful. As members of Congress pay closer attention to approval ratings and other poll measures, their natural inclination may be to avoid legislating, especially on controversial issues. This response to the preference of the demos has profoundly antidemocratic implications.
Introduction Debating Surveillance in the Age of Security

The practice of surveillance under the meta-frame of security is based on acquiring ever more detailed information and parceling out the state territory into different types of enclosures. The state seeks flexibility to follow this information globally and in real time. To be able to act in preemptive ways, the state is reshaping its Weberian bureaucratic structure through internal reorganization, outsourcing, and suprastate security alliances. These developments threaten the relationship between the citizen and the state and raise ethical concerns.
A seminal study of soluble adenylyl cyclase.

In mammals, a soluble bicarbonate-regulated adenylyl cyclase is required for sperm fertility. Crystal structures of a cyanobacterial cousin provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of activation and catalysis in soluble adenylyl cyclase and other class III nucleotidyl cyclases.
Vision and Driving

Driving is the primary means of personal travel in many countries and relies heavily on vision for its successful execution. Research over the past few decades has addressed the role of vision in driver safety (motor vehicle collision involvement) and in driver performance (both on-road and using interactive simulators in the laboratory). Here we critically review what is currently known about the role of various aspects of visual function in driving. We also discuss translational research issues on vision screening for licensure and re-licensure and rehabilitation of visually impaired persons who want to drive.
An isotonic regression algorithm

Abstract A ‘pooling sets’ type of algorithm is developed and shown to be valid for computing an isotonic regression function for a general quasi-order. The method is direct and intuitive. The algorithm works best when the quasi-order is complex and the objective function is nearly isotonic. An example is worked out in detail.
THE SUPRACLAVICULAR ARTERIAL BRUIT.

Abstract 1. 1. The supraclavicular arterial bruit is a common normal finding, especially so in children and in young adults. The bruit may be found in the majority of young children and in as many as 30 to 40 per cent of young adults. 2. 2. The mechanism of production of this bruit is unknown. In most instances it appears to originate in the proximal part of the subclavian artery, whence it is often transmitted to the common carotid artery and the base of the heart. The bruit may occur in otherwise healthy subjects who become anemic, but in this study it did not necessarily depend upon an increase in cardiac output. The bruit could be produced in healthy subjects who were given isoproterenol or epinephrine, but usually was not elicited by levarterenol or ephedrine, which suggests a relationship to increased arterial flow or to the velocity of left ventricular ejection. 3. 3. The supraclavicular bruit is of short duration, usually beginning within a few hundredths of a second after the end of the first heart sound in the neck, but with a delay of several hundredths of a second after the first heart sound at the base of the heart. In most instances, the supraclavicular bruit occupies less than half of systole, and demonstrates peak intensity in mid-murmur (diamond shape). 4. 4. The supraclavicular bruit may suggest aortic or pulmonary stenosis when referred to the base of the heart. Its delayed onset, its brief duration, and its greater intensity in the neck, and the effect on it of compression of the subclavian artery will make the distinction clear. 5. 5. The supraclavicular bruit may be distinguished from the bruits of carotid artery disease and organic obstruction of the subclavian artery by its relatively brief duration, and, as a rule, by its occurrence in children and younger adults without a history suggestive of impaired cerebral blood flow.
Rhizedra lutosa, a Natural Enemy of Phragmites australis in North America

Rhizedra lutosa (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), native to Europe, was first found in North America in 1988 in southern New Jersey. The insect is reported to cause serious damage toPhragmites australis in the Netherlands, but it now appears to be relatively unimportant throughout central Europe. We are investigating this insect as part of an effort to characterize existing natural enemies ofP. australis in North America toward a goal of biological control of this invasive plant. We trapped adults ofR. lutosa with blacklights in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Delaware, and Maryland; we also found it in Ohio and Pennsylvania.R. lutosa larvae feed in stems and rhizomes ofP. australis growing in dry sites. Based uponR. lutosa damage surveys andP. australis biomass measurements, we have determined that this insect does cause a reduction of plant growth in some sites, however, because of low moth densities, this effect is small. Despite spreading rapidly,R. lutosa densities do not appear to be increasing at sites we have investigated, and this insect does not currently appear to have much of an impact uponP. australis in North America.
Combustion measurements from an impinging Radial Jet Reattachment flame

A Radial Jet Reattachment (RJR) nozzle forces an air flow to reattach to a surface in a ring-like configuration and then flow outwardly and inwardly. A highly turbulent recirculation region above the nozzle produces high transport properties in the reattachment area and over a large area away from the centerline of reattachment. By introducing natural gas into the recirculation region, a Radial Jet Reattachment Combustion (RJRC) nozzle has demonstrated improved fuel/air mixing for use in impingement flame heating. To characterize the performance of RJRC nozzles, heat transfer, surface temperature, surface pressure, and exhaust gas measurements are reported, and comparisons are made with a conventional co-axial-flowing (Co-Ax) flame impingement nozzle. Total surface heat transfer rates for both nozzles show similar results, with the RJRC nozzle showing slightly better performance. The RJRC nozzle produces a very stable flame with a circumferentially symmetric surface temperature profile and low coefficients of pressure at the surface. In contrast, the Co-Ax nozzle has a less table flame with a non-symmetric surface temperature profile and produces surface pressure more than six times the pressures from the RJRC nozzle. Exhaust gas analysis shows very low production of Co and NO{sub x} for the RJRC nozzle, which also producesmore » very little soot.« less
The Strategy/Structure Debate: An Examination of the Performance Implications

The relative importance of strategy and structure lies at the heart of the strategic management field, yet little is known about the associated performance implications of such changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the financial performance impact of strategy and structure changes. We conducted an examination of 259 firms over a 36-year period using a quasi-experimental design. No significant change–performance relationships were found for tandem changes (i.e. when both strategy and structure were changed). But, we found that singular structure changes were associated with the highest performance. This finding was consistent with the theory: though strategy is important, proper deployment of firm uniqueness is paramount to performance enhancement.
Effect of organic amendments on the bioremediation of cyanazine and fluometuron in soil

Abstract Biostimulation may offer a viable approach to remediate soils containing high concentrations of herbicides. We determined the effects of cornmeal, ryegrass and poultry litter on the degradation of cyanazine and fluometuron (250 μmol kg‐1) in a Dundee silt loam. All three amendments enhanced cyanazine degradation with half lives of 18.2 d in ryegrass‐, and 21 d in cornmeal‐ or poultry litter‐amended soil, compared to 28.3 d in unamended soil. The amendments differentially affected patterns of metabolite accumulation. After 42 d, 45% of the 14C was recovered as dechlorinated (hydroxy cyanazine) metabolites in ryegrass‐amended soil compared to <16% in other treatments. Significantly less 14C was extracted from cornmeal‐amended soil than the other treatments, suggesting a relationship between cyanazine dissipation and incorporation into unextractable bound residues. Ryegrass had the greatest stimulatory effect on fiuometuron degradation. Half lives for fiuometuron were 41.0, 57.3, 27.7, and 66.4 d fo...
“Will I see you in September?” An economic explanation for the standard school calendar

Abstract The September-to-June school year is not the product of a path-dependent, agrarian tradition. Nineteenth-century American farm children regularly attended school in summer. The standard calendar became a norm as urbanization of the population allowed for age-graded schooling, which works best when calendars are coordinated across districts. A summer vacation between school years provides households with a cost-minimizing season in which to relocate to distant districts. The equator provides a natural experiment supporting this explanation. Americans and Europeans on temporary assignment in the Southern Hemisphere use schools that maintain a Northern Hemisphere calendar to facilitate relocation to their home countries.
ONE-SIDED VARIATIONS ON BINARY SEARCH TREES

We investigate incomplete one-sided variants of binary search trees. The (normed) size of each variant is studied, and convergence to a Gaussian law is proved in each case by asymptotically solving recurrences. These variations are also discussed within the scope of the contraction method with degenerate limit equations. In an incomplete tree the size determines most other parameters of interest, such as the height and the internal path length.
Epidural analgesia in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose Two modalities of epidural analgesia in children with two types of cerebral palsy (CP) were compared for differences in the incidence of common complications (inadequate analgesia, hypopnea, hypoxaemia, sedation, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, and seizures).
Spatial operations in a GIS-based karst feature database

This paper presents the spatial implementation of the karst feature database (KFD) of Minnesota in a GIS environment. ESRI’s ArcInfo and ArcView GIS packages were used to analyze and manipulate the spatial operations of the KFD of Minnesota. Spatial operations were classified into three data manipulation categories: single layer operation, multiple layer operation, and other spatial transformation in the KFD. Most of the spatial operations discussed in this paper can be conducted using ArcInfo, ArcView, and ArcGIS. A set of strategies and rules were proposed and used to build the spatial operational module in the KFD to make the spatial operations more efficient and topographically correct.
Using Multiple Coding Schemes to Understand Argument in In the Jury Room

The present study analyzes argument in jury deliberations by using the Conversational Argument Coding Scheme (CACS) and the content of juror argument using Subject Matter Argument Assessment (SMAA) (Pettus, 1990). The main purpose is to illustrate how the two coding schemes can complement each other to provide rich yet systematic characterization of argument in jury deliberation. Jury deliberations drawn from In the Jury Room, a televised news series on jury deliberation, are coded and analyzed using CACS and SMAA. The researchers found that using two argument coding schemes is beneficial in learning about the types of arguments jurors make and the subject matter about which they argue. The study results are compared with findings from previous studies of juror argument behavior, suggesting that argument in mediated juries differs from argument in mock juries.
Measures of skewness and kurtosis of distributions of blood and liver constituents of rats (Rattus norvegicus) at two environmental temperatures.

Abstract 1. 1. Means, variability and frequency distributions are shown for blood and liver data of the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) at contrasting environmental temperatures. 2. 2. The results indicate that patterns of frequency distributions may be useful in determining relative biological fitness for various traits. 3. 3. The pattern tends to be leptokurtic in the favourable environment.
Nonpromotion: A pseudoscientific solution

The practice of retaining or holding students back a grade is gaining in popularity. A comprehensive review of the literature over the past 16 years supports that view and uncovers great discrepancies between educators' beliefs and confirmable evidence regarding retentions. This article describes actual retention practices in two Utah school districts and compares the children recommended for retention with a control group. These two groups were found to be significantly different in intellectual ability, academic achievement, and adjustment characteristics. In order to measure the effects of nonpromotion, the retained children's growth was compared to the growth of academically similar-functioning children who were recommended for retention but were promoted. These recommended-for-retention children were retested one year after the retention decision was made. Retention was not found to benefit the children academically or in personal or social adjustment.