cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of urbanization on hydrogeochemistry and trace metal distribution on five major ponds in the holy city of Gaya, India

Abstract Gaya, a prominent city of Bihar (India) with rich cultural and religious significance has been susceptible to massive urbanization, population growth and pollution which have huge impact on its surface water bodies. The study was conducted on five major ponds of Gaya namely Bisar, Dighi, Vaitarni, Ramsagar and Suryakund. This paper attempts to evaluate their drinking and irrigational water quality status, trace metal contamination in water and sediments (except Suryakund), hydrogeochemical characterization and evolutionary trends and processes involved in the water chemistry. The WQI values (>130) revealed that the ponds are facing heavy pollution load and the water is not fit for drinking purposes; however, irrigational indices indicates that the water of these ponds is suitable for irrigational purposes. The ponds' water and sediments are heavily contaminated with trace metals particularly cobalt (CF and PI >17) and lead (CF>1.4 and PI>5) in sediments. The PCA and HCA were also performed to find the relevant sources, trends and groups in trace metal contamination in their water. The hydrogeochemical profile of surface water (Piper's plot, Durov's diagram, Gibbs diagram and IBE) indicated that they are of mixed water type with most abundant facies being Na–Ca–Mg–Cl, Ca–Na–Mg–Cl and Ca–Na–Mg–Cl–HCO3. SI values showed ponds to be oversaturated with Ca–Mg based minerals and dissolution of halite, magnesite and anhydrite indicating high degree of rock water interaction and reverse cation exchange process dominating the water chemistry. However extensive mixing of pollutants and dissolution has caused the overall geochemical character of water to change. The overall study shows that urbanization may further increase the rate of anthropogenic activities overtime which could enhance trace metal accumulation in the ponds and pose a serious health risk.
PrEP uptake as a social movement among gay and bisexual men

Despite PrEP’s effectiveness as an HIV prevention intervention, uptake among gay and bisexual men remains low. Historical involvement in AIDS activism may reveal important ways of mobilising gay an...
Near real-time ASL recognition using a millimeter wave radar

Most research in technologies for the Deaf community have focused on translation using either video or wearable devices. Sensor-augmented gloves have been reported to yield higher gesture recognition rates than camera-based systems; however, they cannot capture information expressed through head and body movement. Gloves are also intrusive and inhibit users in their pursuit of normal daily life, while cameras can raise concerns over privacy and are ineffective in the dark. In contrast, RF sensors are non-contact, non-invasive and do not reveal private information even if hacked. Although RF sensors are unable to measure facial expressions or hand shapes, which would be required for complete translation, this paper aims to exploit near real-time ASL recognition using RF sensors for the design of smart Deaf spaces. In this way, we hope to enable the Deaf community to benefit from advances in technologies that could generate tangible improvements in their quality of life. More specifically, this paper investigates near real-time implementation of machine learning and deep learning architectures for the purpose of sequential ASL signing recognition. We utilize a 60 GHz RF sensor which transmits a frequency modulation continuous wave (FMWC waveform). RF sensors can acquire a unique source of information that is inaccessible to optical or wearable devices: namely, a visual representation of the kinematic patterns of motion via the micro-Doppler signature. Micro-Doppler refers to frequency modulations that appear about the central Doppler shift, which are caused by rotational or vibrational motions that deviate from principle translational motion. In prior work, we showed that fractal complexity computed from RF data could be used to discriminate signing from daily activities and that RF data could reveal linguistic properties, such as coarticulation. We have also shown that machine learning can be used to discriminate with 99% accuracy the signing of native Deaf ASL users from that of copysigning (or imitation signing) by hearing individuals. Therefore, imitation signing data is not effective for directly training deep models. But, adversarial learning can be used to transform imitation signing to resemble native signing, or, alternatively, physics-aware generative models can be used to synthesize ASL micro-Doppler signatures for training deep neural networks. With such approaches, we have achieved over 90% recognition accuracy of 20 ASL signs. In natural environments, however, near real-time implementations of classification algorithms are required, as well as an ability to process data streams in a continuous and sequential fashion. In this work, we focus on extensions of our prior work towards this aim, and compare the efficacy of various approaches for embedding deep neural networks (DNNs) on platforms such as a Raspberry Pi or Jetson board. We examine methods for optimizing the size and computational complexity of DNNs for embedded micro-Doppler analysis, methods for network compression, and their resulting sequential ASL recognition performance.
Trends and Challenges of Russia's Socioeconomic Development in January 2018

Russia’s economic landscape of the past few weeks, and especially its international economic environment, were characterized by a bizarre combination of mostly positive facts and grim misgivings regarding the possible expansion of sanctions and the predominantly positive facts.
Higher Arithmetic: An Algorithmic Introduction to Number Theory

Numbers The problem $A\square + B = \square$ Congruences Double congruences and the Euclidean algorithm The augmented Euclidean algorithm Simultaneous congruences The fundamental theorem of arithmetic Exponentiation and orders Euler's $\phi$-function Finding the order of $a\bmod c$ Primality testing The RSA cipher system Primitive roots $\bmod\p$ Polynomials Tables of indices $\bmod\ p$ Brahmagupta's formula and hypernumbers Modules of hypernumbers A canonical form for modules of hypernumbers Solution of $A\square + B = \square$ Proof of the theorem of Chapter 19 Euler's remarkable discovery Stable modules Equivalence of modules Signatures of equivalence classes The main theorem Which modules become principal when squared? The possible signatures for certain values of $A$ The law of quadratic reciprocity Proof of the Main Theorem The theory of binary quadratic forms Composition of binary quadratic forms Cycles of stable modules Answers to exercises Bibliography Index.
Equivalent Circuits of Compressible and Incompressible Fluid Flow Fields

(1) Div pv — Q; curl v — V b6 b6 (2) Div a grad = & = fc-^ + b2 -^ + h + h bt bt b\fr bil/ (3) Curl c curl ip = d = di--^ + d t ~ + dz-ip + d* bt bt under transient, sinusoidal, or steady-state conditions, thereby allowing their solution either by a network analyzer or by numerical and analytic circuit methods. In fluid dynamics these equations represent the steady potential flow of a compressible fluid when expressed in the hodograph plane or the general nonviscous flow of an incompressible fluid when expressed in the physical plane or space. (In representing the flow of a compressible fluid in the physical space, the networks have variable units, since the equations are nonlinear.) The same equations and networks may be considered to represent static electromagnetic fields in current-carrying regions or in regions with stationary charges or poles. The second equation may also represent the conduction of heat (or diffusion) in a nonisotropic medium, or it may represent the general wave equation; All networks are expressed in curvilinear orthogonal coordinates to simplify the networks in case of curvilinear boundaries and to express three-dimensional problems with axial or other symmetry by means of a two-dimensional network. The coefficients p, a, and c are not scalars but elements of diagonal matrices, allowing special types of nonisotropic properties in the fields. All coefficients may be constants or functions of the independent space variables, thereby allowing nonhomogeneous fields. The fields may contain multiply connected regions, and a method showing how to represent Riemann-surfaces by equivalent circuits is given. Most transient and steady-state equivalent circuits require only resistances, inductances, and capacitors, while some transient networks also require ideal transformers. The blocks into which space is divided may have arbitrary lengths in different directions. General nonisotropic fields and nonorthogonal reference frames require an extension of the present equivalent circuits. Numerical methods of solving the equivalent circuits are given in another publication. In general the circuits may be used to check the consistency and accuracy of the results arrived at by other methods, approximate or exact. The unbalanced currents at the junctions (easily calculated) give a quantitative measure of the deviations from the correct answer.
Lidar investigations of atmospheric dynamics

Ground based lidar techniques using Raleigh and Raman scattering, differential absorption (DIAL), and supercontinuum sources are capable of providing unique signatures to study dynamical processes in the lower atmosphere. The most useful profile signatures of dynamics in the lower atmosphere are available in profiles of time sequences of water vapor and aerosol optical extinction obtained with Raman and DIAL lidars. Water vapor profiles are used to study the scales and motions of daytime convection cells, residual layer bursts into the planetary boundary layer (PBL), variations in height of the PBL layer, cloud formation and dissipation, scale sizes of gravity waves, turbulent eddies, as well as to study the seldom observed phenomena of Brunt–Vaisala oscillations and undular bore waves. Aerosol optical extinction profiles from Raman lidar provide another tracer of dynamics and motion using sequential profiles atmospheric aerosol extinction, where the aerosol distribution is controlled by dynamic, thermodynamic, and photochemical processes. Raman lidar profiles of temperature describe the stability of the lower atmosphere and measure structure features. Rayleigh lidar can provide backscatter profiles of aerosols in the troposphere, and temperature profiles in the stratosphere and mesosphere, where large gravity waves, stratospheric clouds, and noctilucent clouds are observed. Examples of several dynamical features are selected to illustrate interesting processes observed with Raman lidar. Lidar experiments add to our understanding of physical processes that modify atmospheric structure, initiate turbulence and waves, and describe the relationships between energy sources, atmospheric stability parameters, and the observed dynamics.
Chapter 2 Isotope effect: Implications for pharmaceutical investigations

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights isotope effect. It reviews aspects of the theoretical and empirical literature on kinetic isotope effect relevant to the design and performance of pharmaceutical investigations. The greater mass of the heavy isotope results in greater force bonding it to the other atom and a greater energy of activation to break the bond. In any reaction in which the breaking of this bond is the rate-limiting step, the reaction will proceed slower for the molecule with the heavy isotope because of this “kinetic isotope effect.” In addition to kinetic isotope effects, there are other (secondary) isotope effects because of differences in bond length and bond angle of bonds involving heavy and light isotopes. Kinetic isotope effects are modified during enzymatically mediated reactions following a set of rules. Kinetic isotope effect is proportional to the mass difference between different isotopes of the same atom. The greater strength of bonds involving heavy isotopes can change a number of properties of drug molecules, including bond length, bond angle, polarity, molar volume, electron donation, Vander Walls forces, dipole moment, lipophilicity, and enzyme binding kinetics.
Review article: aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclo-oxygenase-1 sparing agents

Summary Until recently, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors were one of the mainstays of therapy for patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis because of their improved gastrointestinal safety profile compared with traditional, non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The withdrawal of both rofecoxib and valdecoxib from the market because of concerns about cardiovascular risk has prompted a re-evaluation of treatment choices for arthritis patients who require treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter, are widely used in the USA. Patients often take several agents concurrently which significantly increases their risk of gastrointestinal adverse events. In addition, many patients also take low-dose aspirin because of its proven beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular events. However, large clinical trials have shown that the concomitant use of aspirin negates the gastrointestinal-sparing effects of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors. Clinicians need to consider a patient's cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risks when prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and in the case of non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastroprotection with an agent such as a proton-pump inhibitor or misoprostol should be considered, particularly in aspirin users.
Analog multilayer perceptron implementation of low complexity VQ for image compression

This work proposes a multilayer perception (MLP) method to perform direct mapping from an analog image block into a vector index, i.e. implement vector quantization (VQ) without the need for carrying out first an analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of each analog sample. The design focuses on an analog hardware implementation and is based on observing that the use of a careful binary index assignment causes hyperplanes associated with the formation of the same bit at the MLP output to have similar spatial orientation. Experimental results show that, for the same rate-distortion performance, MLPs can be implemented with less than half the computational complexity of the Kohonen self-organizing map (KSOM) approaches advanced earlier.
What Constitutes Adequate Well-Baby Care?

Two hundred forty-six full-term, first-born well infants were randomly assigned to receive well-baby care during their first year in one of four ways: six visits by a physician; three visits by a physician; six visits by a pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP); or three visits by a PNP. One hundred sixteen of the study babies received care in a clinic setting and 130 in a private-practice setting. The adequacy of care rendered was assessed by measurement of gain in maternal knowledge important for competence in child-rearing, level of maternal satisfaction, degree of maternal compliance, and attainment of the health supervision planned. These endpoints were subjected to two-way and three-way analyses of variance to determine if there were differences across the setting, provider, or schedule variables. Essentially no differences were observed in the endpoints measured within settings between providers of care, between visit schedules, or between any of the provider and visit schedule combinations. These results indicate that well-baby care during the first year delivered by PNPs is as adequate as that delivered by physicians and the use of abbreviated visit schedules by either professional does not reduce the adequacy of care.
Design of Low-Cost On-board Auto-tracking Antenna for Small UAS

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are being used commonly for surveillance providing valuable video data. High quality video transmission is a must feature for this purpose. The radio signal from the UAS is transmitted generally over Omni-directional antennas, but the attenuation rate is very high and the transmission distance is severely limited. For achieving longer distance, directional antennas can be used where they should be pointing towards each other for maximum signal strength. A moving aircraft requires an antenna which dynamically points towards the ground control station (GCS). The tracking antennas currently being used are usually placed on the receiver side on the GCS and track the aircraft based on the signal strength. This method is inefficient when the aircraft movement is fast and makes it difficult to retrieve the aircraft related data once some snap occurs in tracking process. This research is aimed at developing a low cost precise tracking antenna which can be mounted onto any aerial system which needs long-distance video transmission. This system consists of inertial measurement unit, global positioning system, and servo motors to direct the antenna. It tracks the GCS using both the gyro sensor and GPS data such that even if one system fails, another one is available as a backup. This system implements tilt compensation in both x and y axis using the accelerometer in the IMU.
Simulation Study of an Automatic Trim System for Reducing the Control Forces on a Light Twin After an Engine Failure

An automatic trim system for reducing the control forces after an engine failure on a light twin has been investigated on the Langley General Aviation Simulator. The system schedules open-loop trim tab deflections as a function of differential propeller slipstream dynamic pressure and freestream dynamic pressure. The system is described and the airplane-system static and dynamic characteristics are documented. Three NASA research pilots evaluated the effectiveness of the system for takeoff and landing maneuvers. A variety of off-nominal system characteristics were studied. The system was judged to be generally beneficial, providing a 2 to 3 point improvement in pilot rating for the tasks used in the evaluations.
Finding Cinderella after the ball: a three-hybrid approach to drug target identification.

A major bottleneck in drug discovery is identifying the targets of small molecules. The yeast three-hybrid assay extends the two-hybrid approach to screen for protein-small molecule interactions. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, GPC Biotech reports the first application of this promising assay [11].
Performance evaluation of reliability control algorithms for distributed database systems

Abstract This paper presents the performance results of the subsystems of the reliability control system. The results have been obtained via theoretical analysis and/or simulation studies. In particular, the analysis of database recovery techniques, integrity verfication, recovery block implementation, concurrency control and commit, and network protocols have been presented. The methodology for analysis has been presented if it differs substantially from the previously known techniques. For details, we refer the reader to original reports and papers that have already appeared in the literature and from where some of these results have been obtained.
Non-contact bruise detection in apples by thermal imaging

Abstract Thermal imaging is a non-destructive and non-contact infrared sensing technique. Such imaging creates a bit-map called a thermogram by detecting infrared radiation emitted from an object. Up to 100% of apple bruises were detected using thermal imaging during warming of the fruits by discriminating surface temperature between bruised and sound tissues. Apples were bruised by dropping them from 0.46 m onto a smooth concrete floor and then were held at 26 °C and 50% RH for 48 h. They were then thermally imaged using a ThermaCam™ PM390 (FLIR Systems, Inc., Portland, OR) during heating and cooling treatments. Thermal images of bruised tissue showed at least 1–2 °C difference from sound tissue within 30–180 s. The temperature differences between bruised and sound tissues were possibly due to the differences in thermal diffusivity. Under steady-state temperature, thermal imaging did not detect bruises, indicating that the temperature differences were not due to emissivity differences. The technique could provide a basis for automatic bruise sorting, and possibly a better understanding of bruised tissue.
Differential scattering of metastable argon on argon: Excitation transfer oscillations

Differential scattering measurements for a beam of metastable argon (Ar*) incident on an argon target have been made in the center-of-mass energy range 10--75 eV. In the angular range beyond the rainbow region, there is a strong series of gerade-ungerade symmetry-exchange oscillations which is the dominant structured component of the scattering. These oscillations are identified with coherent scattering on a single pair of states, the 2/subg/, 2/subu/ pair correlating to the Ar* (/sup 3/P/sub 2/) + Ar(/sup 1/S/sub 0/) asymptote; an explanation for this choice is presented. Analysis of the structure in terms of a theory developed for ion-atom symmetric charge transfer yields the potential difference between the 2/subg/ and 2/subu/ potential curves. A time-of-flight pulsing technique has been used to identify two structureless components of the differential cross section, photons from radiative states populated by inelastic transitions, and slow metastables formed through excitation transfer to undeflected target particles. (AIP)
Simulating the unconscious.

This paper is concerned with hypnosis and the methodological ‘anxiety’ (Devereux) which inevitably affects the hypnotist, whether experimental psychologist or therapist: what if the phenomena observed during hypnosis were only an effect of compliance with his own expectations, demands and suggestions? What if the hypnotized simulated hypnosis solely to please him? From Charcot and Richet to Martin Orne, by way of Bernheim or Freud, the response of researchers to this disquieting question has always been the same: the subject cannot be simulating, because he is hypnotized, asleep, unconscious. The hypothesis of a psychic unconscious (or of unconsciousness), which determined the very concept of hypnosis from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards is nothing more than a postulate required to guarantee the objectivity of hypnotic and, more broadly, psychological phenomena, by preventing the latter from being seen as simple artifacts of the experimental or clinical situation. The present paper exami...
The excretion of 17-ketosteroids. II. Values in several endocrine disturbances.

FOR the estimation of urinary 17-ketosteroids a relatively simple laboratory method is available (1), for which some normal values have been previously recorded (2). Since most, if not all, of these products are believed to be metabolites of androgenic hormones presumably elaborated only by the adrenal cortex and the gonad, their daily excretion in urine, compared with that of normal subjects in relation to sex and age, may reflect in some measure the functional status of the adrenal cortex. High values suggest hyperfunction and low values hypofunction. It is our purpose to present the values for urinary 17-ketosteroids which were obtained in a series of patients, each one of whom had an endocrine disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the subjects studied were patients on the wards of the New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Research Unit, and the Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, who were suffering from one of a variety of endocrine conditions.
Peripheral shear strength of biaxially tensioned reinforced concrete wall elements

Abstract The results of a series of tests on biaxially tensioned, orthogonally reinforced concrete panels subjected to punching shear are presented and discussed. Contrary to existing U.S. code provisions, the punching shear capacity is not reduced significantly as the biaxial tension level is increased to as much as 0.8 f y in the reinforcement. A design equation is proposed that gives 4√ f ′ c shear stress for zero biaxial tension and a linear decrease to 3.1√ f ′ c as the tension is increased to 0.9 f y . The size of the loading pad under the punching force and the shear span have little effect on the strength but the pattern of the failure crack does change with these geometric variables. The splitting crack tends to connect the edge of the loading pad and the supports. More testing is recommended to evaluate a few additional variables, such as the use of inserts which receive the punching force.
Multifocal infantile hepatic hemangiomas—imaging strategy and response to treatment after propranolol and steroids including review of the literature

Infantile hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign liver tumor during infancy. Prompt diagnosis and timely institution of therapy are of utmost importance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the correct diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. We report on a 15-week-old girl with multifocal infantile hemangiomas of the liver and high output congestive heart failure. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Subsequent treatment with propranolol and steroids showed dramatic regression of the lesions within 24 weeks. We present the characteristic MRI findings and discuss treatment options together with a comprehensive review of the relevant literature.
Energy-efficient medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks

A key challenge for wireless sensor networks is how to extend network lifetime with dynamic power management on energy-constraint sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose two energy-efficient MAC protocols: asynchronous MAC (A-MAC) protocol and asynchronous schedule-based MAC (ASMAC) protocol. A-MAC and ASMAC protocols are attractive due to their suitabilities for multihop networks and capabilities of removing accumulative clock-drifts without any network synchronization. Moreover, we build a traffic-strength-and network-density-based model to adjust essential algorithm parameters adaptively. Simulation results show that our algorithms can successfully acquire the optimum values of power-on/off duration, schedule-broadcast interval, as well as super-time-slot size and order. These algorithm parameters can ensure adequate successful transmission rate, short waiting time, and high energy utilization. Therefore, not only the performance of network is improved but also its lifetime is extended when A-MAC or ASMAC is used.
Design Of A High-Performance Floating Power Mosfet Driving Circuit

A computer-aided design of a high-performance driving circuit for floating power Mosfet switch is presented. Very fast switching and large duty cycle ratios are achieved. Design methodology and optimization procedures using computer circuit simulator SPICE 2 are given.
Influence of low pH on the development and decay of 42°C thermotolerance in cho cells

Abstract The development, magnitude and decay of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster ovary cells heated to 42°C at pH 6.7 was examined. The cells were exposed to single or fractionated heat treatments with 0 to 168 hours elapsing between the treatments. Administration of a specified heat treatment in two fractions at low pH substantially reduced the lethal effect of heat. The rate of hyperthermic cell killing was reduced by a factor of approximately 2.5 in preheated cells compared to cells not receiving prior heat treatment. Tolerance to second heat treatments was apparent when 3 hours at 37°C separated the treatments, and was near maximum when 6 hours separated the treatments. Beginning about 96 hours after the initial heat treatment, resistance to second heat treatments began to decline, and was not evident when 168 hours at 37°C separated the treatments. In contrast to these results, a sparing effect as a result of dose fraction was not observed at pH 7.4. At pH 7.4, cells developed thermotolerance during the initial heat treatment and additional culturing at 37°C was without additional effect. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of cells to hyperthermia was greater at pH 6.7 than at pH 7.4. This pH sensitizing effect was more pronounced in cells exposed to single heat treatments than in cells exposed to fractionated treatments at 42°C.
Metallothionein Inhibits Myocardial Apoptosis in Copper-Deficient Mice: Role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Dietary copper restriction causes heart hypertrophy in animal models. Several studies have indicated that this cardiomyopathy is mediated by oxidative stress. Metallothionein (MT), a low molecular weight and cysteine-rich protein, functions in protecting the heart from oxidative injury. We therefore used a cardiac-specific MT-overexpressing transgenic mouse model to test the hypothesis that MT inhibits copper deficiency-induced heart hypertrophy. Dams of both transgenic pups and non-transgenic littermates were fed a copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet, starting on the fourth day post-delivery, and the weanling mice were continued on the dams' diets until they were killed. Heart hypertrophy developed in copper-deficient pups by the fourth week of the combined pre- and post-weaning feeding and aggressively progressed until the end of the experiment (6 weeks). MT overexpression did not prevent the occurrence of heart hypertrophy, but inhibited the progression of this cardiomyopathy, which correlated with its suppression of cardiac lipid peroxidation. Corresponding to the progression of heart hypertrophy, myocardial apoptosis and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) production in the left ventricle were detected in non-transgenic copper-deficient mice; these effects were significantly suppressed in transgenic copper-deficient mice. Measurement of apoptosis by TUNEL assay and Annexin V-FITC confocal microscopy in primary cultures of cardiomyocytes revealed that ANP was largely responsible for the myocyte apoptosis and that MT inhibited ANP-induced apoptosis. The data clearly demonstrate that elevation of MT in the heart inhibits oxidative injury and suppresses the progression of heart hypertrophy in copper deficiency, although it does not block its initiation. The results suggest that MT inhibits the transition from heart hypertrophy to failure by suppressing apoptosis through inhibition of both cardiac ANP production and its apoptotic effect.
A multi-method approach for determination of radionuclide distribution in trinitite

The spatial distribution of radiation within trinitite thin sections have been mapped using alpha track radiography and beta autoradiography in combination with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Alpha and beta maps have identified areas of higher activity, and these are concentrated predominantly within the surficial glassy component of trinitite. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses conducted at high spatial resolution yield weighted average 235U/238U and 240Pu/239Pu ratios of 0.00718 ± 0.00018 (2σ) and 0.0208 ± 0.0012 (2σ), respectively, and also reveal the presence of some fission (137Cs) and activation products (152,154Eu). The LA-ICP-MS results indicate positive correlations between Pu ion signal intensities and abundances of Fe, Ca, U and 137Cs. These trends suggest that Pu in trinitite is associated with remnants of certain chemical components from the device and surrounding Trinity test-related structures at ground zero. In contrast, negative correlations between Pu ion signals and SiO2 and K2O contents were observed within the glassy matrix of trinitite. This LA-ICP-MS result was corroborated by combined back-scattered electron imaging and alpha radiography, and indicates that Pu was not incorporated into unmelted crystalline grains of precursor minerals (i.e., quartz-SiO2 and K-feldspar-KAlSi3O8) present within the desert sand at the Trinity site. The results from this study indicate that the device-related radionuclides were preferentially incorporated into the glassy matrix in trinitite.
Activity of DNA templates during cell division and cell differentiation.

THE rates of cellular RNA and DNA synthesis decline during the mitotic stages of cell division1 and during cell differentiation2. The molecular mechanisms mediating such a decline may include changes in the size of mononucleotide pools, changes in RNA and DNA polymerase activity, or changes in DNA template activity3, but previous studies have not distinguished among these possibilities. We have developed a high-resolution electron microscopic technique for directly analysing DNA template activity within living cells4, and now report its application to individual cells undergoing division and differentiation in human bone marrow.
Salmon origin in California's Sacramento–San Joaquin river system as determined by otolith strontium isotopic composition

Geochemical methods for distinguishing salmon of different runs would improve management practices designed to mitigate for declines in salmon populations in California9s Sacramento–San Joaquin river system. Strontium isotopic measurements show a strong relationship between the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio in hatchery water and the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio in the otoliths (aragonitic ear bones) of juvenile chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) raised in those waters. As a result of differences in basin geology from north to south along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, important salmon spawning rivers within the Sacramento–San Joaquin river system have distinct 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios. Of the 10 rivers in this study, those in the Sacramento River drainage have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.7039–0.7063) than those in the San Joaquin River basin (0.7068–0.7092), with the exception of the American River, which has the highest 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios in this study (average 0.7100). The combination of distinct river 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and the relationship between water and otolith Sr isotope ratios indicates that this geochemical method can be used to identify the origin (and potentially the migration history) of juvenile, out-migrating salmon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin system.
Ductal carcinoma in situ treated with lumpectomy and irradiation: Histopathological analysis of 49 specimens with emphasis on risk factors and long term results

Forty-nine women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with lumpectomy and irradiation were studied retrospectively. The median age was 50 years (range, 29 to 73 years) and the median follow-up time from initiation of therapy was 86 months (range, 17 to 230 months). Twelve patients presented with palpable masses (0.4 to 4 cm), three with breast thickening, and three with nipple discharge. In 31 patients the tumors were detected by mammography. Intraoperatively, excision of lesions was confirmed by specimen x-ray (38 specimens) or gross inspection (five specimens) and was recorded to be complete. No record was available in the other six patients. Margins of excision free of DCIS were microscopically confirmed in 25 specimens. The size of impalpable DCIS lesions recorded in 25 patients ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 cm (mean, 1.5 cm). Using Lagios' classification system, there were 18 classic comedocarcinomas, high nuclear grade (NG) with necrosis; seven cribriform/papillary, high NG with necrosis; 17 cribriform/micropapillary, intermediate NG with or without necrosis; and seven cribriform/micropapillary, low NG without necrosis. In two patients residual malignant calcifications were present on the postoperative mammogram. Disease recurred in the treated breast at the site of incision in five patients at 18 months and 8, 11, and 12 (two patients) years from initial therapy. The rate of local disease recurrence was 2% at 5 years and 6% at 10 years; three recurrences showed invasive ductal carcinoma and two were DCIS. To evaluate risk factors the following characteristics were considered: necrosis, NG, histological type, periductal fibrosis, periductal lymphoid infiltrate, margin status, age, and method of tumor detection. The end points chosen were recurrence and death from any cause (because only one patient died of disease). Although the recurrences were attributed to residual disease in two patients, of the clinical and pathological parameters evaluated, only periductal fibrosis showed a significant relationship with outcome, with a P value < or = .05 by the Wilcoxon test. On the other hand, using the proportional hazards model, necrosis was a significant predictor for recurrence (P = .02), as was the pair fibrosis and tumor detection when taken together (P = .05). Fibrosis significantly associated with high NG, Lagios' histological subtypes I and II, periductal lymphoid infiltrate, and necrosis (P < or = .0006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Brand and Message Recall: The Effects of Situational Involvement and Brand Symbols in the Marketing of Real Estate Services

Due to the commission structure there is little price competition in residential real estate brokerage services, and the local Multiple Listing Service (MLS) equalizes access to market information among brokerages. Real estate firms are thus faced with the challenge of standing out in a crowded market with few points of real competitive differentiation. Results of a telephone survey with 2,107 respondents reveal a relatively high level of top-of-mind awareness for the major firms, regardless of transaction intention. Recall for smaller firms was correlated with transaction intention consistent with theory of situational involvement. Overall, recall appears to be linked with the use of a powerful brand symbol.
Identification of irradiated foods by monitoring radiolytically produced hydrocarbons

Abstract Many countries allow the treatment of foods with low doses of ionizing radiation to reduce microbial and insect infestations, inhibit maturation, and extend shelf life. Therefore, a reliable method is needed to identify irradiated foods and to determine their compliance with respect to allowable absorbed radiation dose. Several approaches for the identification of irradiated foods have been developed such as measurement of radiolytic products, chemiluminescence, and thermoluminescence, and the use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to measure free radicals trapped in bone. A method for the determination of radiolytically produced hydrocarbons was developed in our laboratory to evaluate the utility of monitoring these compounds as indicators of food irradiation. The method involves the extraction of the radiolytic hydrocarbons from foods and their quantitation by gas chromatography. Concentrations of the radiolytically produced hydrocarbons increased linearly with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 6 kGy. The limit of detection appears to be approximately 1 kGy. The method was found to be useful for the identification of gamma-irradiated foods such as shrimp, frog legs, pork, beef, and poultry. Results of the method evaluation studies of these food matrices as well as factors affecting hydrocarbon production and determination will be presented.
Phosphorylation and regulation of glutamate receptors by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

The major postsynaptic density (PSD) protein at glutaminergic synapses is calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-K II), but its function in the PSD is not known. We have examined glutamate receptors (GluRs) as substrates for CaM-K II because (1) they are colocalized in the PSD, (2) cloned GluRs contain consensus phosphorylation sites for protein kinases including CaM-K II, and (3) several GluRs are regulated by other protein kinases. Regulation of GluRs, which are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission and in mechanisms of learning and memory, by CaM-K II is of interest because of the postulated role of CaM-K II in synaptic plasticity and its known involvement in induction of long-term potentiation. Furthermore, mice lacking the major neural isoform of CaM-K II exhibit deficits in models of learning and memory that require hippocampal input. We report here that CaM-K II phosphorylates GluR in several in vitro systems, including the PSD, and that activated CaM-K II enhances kainate-induced ion current three- to fourfold in cultured hippocampal neurons. These results are consistent with a role for PSD CaM-K II in strengthening postsynaptic GluR responses in synaptic plasticity.
Preparation of O‐alkylamidoximes from α‐alkyloximinocarboxamides by the hofmann hypobromite reaction

O -Alkylamidoximes were prepared by treatment of α -alkyloximinocarboxamides with sodium hypobromite. Of the five prepared, two have not been previously reported and one was reported as being an unstable oil. Structures were proven by NMR and nitrogen analysis.
Efficient electrocatalytic intramolecular anion radical cyclobutanation reactions

Abstract Electrochemically initiated, intramolecular anion radical cyclobutanations of bis(enones) and related substrates are presented. The formation of novel anion radical Diels–Alder adducts in minor amounts is also observed. Total yields of pericyclic products, which include both cis- and trans-cyclobutanes and a single Diels–Alder adduct, are generally high (51–88%), with electrocatalytic factors in the range of 1.5–5. Mechanistically, strong evidence for the intervention of distonic anion radical intermediates as precursors of both types of pericyclic products is presented. The scope and limitations of these reactions are rather extensively explored and defined, and in particular the tendency, in some cases, for electrogenerated base-catalyzed reactions to compete with these anion radical pericyclic reactions.
Effects of surface wettability, flow, and protein concentration on macrophage and astrocyte adhesion in an in vitro model of central nervous system catheter obstruction.

While silicone devices have vastly improved an array of medical treatments, reactions at the tissue-substrate interface often impede their functionality. Insertion of a poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) catheter into the cerebral ventricles to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most common treatment of hydrocephalus, but shunting often fails because inflammatory tissue, choroid plexus cells, and debris grow into these central nervous system catheters and obstruct flow. We hypothesized that plasma oxidation of PDMS would inhibit macrophage and astrocyte adhesion under flow (0 to 0.3 mL/min) and protein (20.8 to 240 mg/dL) conditions similar to those observed in the physiological state. Oxidation (to increase wettability) had an inhibitory effect on macrophage cell binding (yielding a significant 88% change) that was generally more pronounced than the effect of flow (22% change) or protein concentration (3% change). In contrast, greater flow increased binding of astrocytes in most cases (yielding a significant 97% change); plasma oxidation (19% change), and protein concentration (60% change) had less pronounced effects. This study is the initial indicator that plasma oxidation of PDMS catheters may inhibit macrophage adhesion during CSF outflow but may not be as effective at inhibiting astrocyte binding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Cultivated Emotions: Parental Socialization of Positive Emotions and Self-Conscious Emotions

(1998). Cultivated Emotions: Parental Socialization of Positive Emotions and Self-Conscious Emotions. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 279-281.
Single-particle resonances in the unified theory of nuclear reactions

Abstract A method for the treatment of single-particle resonances in the theory of nucleon-nucleus scattering is introduced which finds application in the projection operator theory of Feshbach. The example of the d 3 2 neutron resonance in the scattering from 16O is discussed.
A Conspicuous Connection: Structure Defines Function for the Phosphatidylinositol-Phosphate Kinase Family

The phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) kinases are a unique family of enzymes that generate an assortment of lipid messengers, including the pivotal second messenger phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2). While members of the PIP kinase family function by catalyzing a similar phosphorylation reaction, the specificity loop of each PIP kinase subfamily determines substrate preference and partially influences distinct subcellular targeting. Specific protein-protein interactions that are unique to particular isoforms or splice variants play a key role in targeting PIP kinases to appropriate subcellular compartments to facilitate the localized generation of PI4,5P2 proximal to effectors, a mechanism key for the function of PI4,5P2 as a second messenger. This review documents the discovery of the PIP kinases and their signaling products, and summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the localized generation of PI4,5P2 by PIP kinases for the regulation of cellular events including actin cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, cell migration, and an assortment of nuclear events.
Early hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with favorable outcomes in children with MDS

Background Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), there is no consensus regarding patient or disease characteristics that predict outcomes.
Short-term nitrogen transformations in bulk and root-associated soils under ryegrass

Abstract The balance between gross rates of N mineralization and N consumption in soils is influenced both by the presence or absence of plants, and by physical soil disturbance. Studies are needed which evaluate the impact of disturbances caused either by plant harvest (grazing or clipping) or by the activities of soil fauna on soil N transformations. Using 15 N pool dilution techniques, we compared gross N transformations in bulk and root-associated soils under ryegrass grown in greenhouse conditions. Over a period of 98 d, ryegrass plants were clipped periodically, or left unclipped in the presence or absence of earthworms. After 98 d of ryegrass growth, 15 NH 4 –N (33 atom% 15 N) or 15 NO 3 –N (10 atom% 15 N) solutions were injected throughout the soil. Virtually all of the 15 N added was recovered in ryegrass and soil after 48 h of incubation, but up to 30% of the 15 NH 4 –N and 44% of the 15 NO 3 –N were unaccounted for after 30 d. Gross N mineralization and NH 4 –N consumption rates were higher in the root-associated than in bulk soils of all treatments. The rate of gross N mineralization was highest in the pots with clipped plants, followed by the unclipped plus earthworm and the unclipped minus earthworm treatments. Our results indicate that rates of gross N transformations differ between bulk and ryegrass root-associated soils, and that clipping of plants and the presence of earthworms exert marked effects on short-term N transformations.
Healthy diets for preventing or delaying bone loss during adulthood

Purpose – Healthy diets need to be coupled with an active lifestyle and other healthy behaviors to achieve and maintain bone health across the life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to focus on several nutrients that aid skeletal development in early life and help promote healthy bone and prevent or delay osteoporosis in late life in both males and females.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a brief review of recent findings linking diet and bone health.Findings – Skeletons of both females and males benefit from reasonably sufficient intakes of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and other bone‐related nutrients and phytochemicals, but excessive amounts, especially via supplements, may not help bone and they may even have adverse effects, such as promoting arterial calcification.Research limitations/implications – Trials are needed to establish with certainty that calcium intakes beyond the recommended intakes do not protect against hip and vertebral fractures and may contribute to arterial calcificat...