cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SDHB and SDHA Immunohistochemistry in Canine Pheochromocytomas

Pheochromocytomas (PCs) are tumors arising from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands and are the most common tumors of the adrenal medulla in animals. In people, these are highly correlated to inherited gene mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) pathway; however, to date, little work has been done on the genetic basis of these tumors in animals. In humans, immunohistochemistry has proven valuable as a screening technique for SDH mutations. Human PCs that lack succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) immunoreactivity have a high rate of mutation in the SDH family of genes, while human PCs lacking succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) immunoreactivity have mutations in the SDHA gene. To determine if these results are similar for dogs, we performed SDHA and SDHB immunohistochemistry on 35 canine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) PCs. Interestingly, there was a loss of immunoreactivity for both SDHA and SDHB in four samples (11%), suggesting a mutation in SDHx including SDHA. An additional 25 (71%) lacked immunoreactivity for SDHB, while retaining SDHA immunoreactivity. These data suggest that 29 out of the 35 (82%) may have an SDH family mutation other than SDHA. Further work is needed to determine if canine SDH immunohistochemistry on PCs correlates to genetic mutations that are similar to human PCs.
Performance of preweaned Holstein calves given 2 phytogenic feed supplements in their starter grain

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to determine whether preweaned steer and heifer calves given a phytogenic starter supplement (either one containing caraway, licorice, oak bark, and vanilla that was soluble in milk, PM, or one containing caraway, licorice, oak bark, and vanilla, PC) or no phytogenic supplement, control (CTR), at a commercial calf ranch would have increased starter intake, weight gain, or rumen development. Materials and Methods Holstein calves (124) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments, CTR, PM, or PC, at 2 d of age. Supplements PM or PC were added to individual feed buckets at each feeding at the rate of 0.25 g/kg of starter at a.m. and p.m. feedings. Calves were weighed at enrollment and at weaning, and blood samples were collected from a subset of 13 calves per treatment to assess rumen development. Weekly average DMI, milk intake, Glu, and BHB were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS (v. 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) Results and Discussion Weekly average DMI (P Implications and Applications Addition of PM or PC to starter feed did not increase DMI, rumen development, or BW gain. But, the dose may have been too small or not fed long enough to elicit a response during the preweaning period.
The effectiveness of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) compared to alternative treatment conditions: A meta-analysis.

Introduction This meta-analysis aimed to test the efficacy of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) intervention against other commonly used interventions for the treatment of suicide ideation and other suicide-related variables. Method Database, expert, and root and branch searches identified nine empirical studies that directly compared CAMS to other active interventions. A random effects model was used to calculate the effect size differences between the interventions; additionally, moderators of the effect sizes were tested for suicidal ideation. Results In comparison to alternative interventions, CAMS resulted in significantly lower suicidal ideation (d = 0.25) and general distress (d = 0.29), significantly higher treatment acceptability (d = 0.42), and significantly higher hope/lower hopelessness (d = 0.88). No significant differences for suicide attempts, self-harm, other suicide-related correlates, or cost effectiveness were observed. The effect size differences for suicidal ideation were consistent across study types and quality, timing of outcome measurement, and the age and ethnicity of participants; however, the effect sizes favoring CAMS were significantly smaller with active duty military/veteran samples and with male participants. Conclusions The existing research supports CAMS as a Well Supported intervention for suicidal ideation per Center of Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Adapting to the Cyber Domain: Comparing U.S. and U.K. Institutional, Legal, and Policy Innovations

Prime Minister Boris Johnson made it official in a statement to Parliament on Nov. 19, 2020. “I can announce that we have established a National Cyber Force, combining our intelligence agencies and service personnel,” he proclaimed, adding that it “is already operating in cyberspace against terrorism, organised crime and hostile state activity.” Public avowal of the National Cyber Force (NCF) came as no great surprise. Plans to take this institutional step had been discussed publicly before, after all. Nonetheless, it was a significant moment in the ongoing process of tailoring U.K. institutions, policies and legal frameworks to suit the evolving nature and scale of cyber domain threats and opportunities. The NCF embodies certain distinctive characteristics of the British system, including flexibility regarding institutional roles in general and the role of intelligence agencies in particular. Much the same can be said, moreover, for another recent British organizational innovation: creation of the National Cybersecurity Centre (NCSC). The American experience throughout this same period has been analogous in many respects—including the creation of new organizations with defensive and offensive missions—yet it is by no means identical. As we shall see, institutional formalism is far more conspicuous in the American system, and so too are anxieties about the roles of intelligence agencies. Whether these are bugs or features is, perhaps, in the eye of the beholder. The comparison between the U.K. and U.S. models, at any rate, is instructive.
Caves and Karst of New England and Eastern New York

Dissolutional cave development in the New England and eastern New York area is primarily in Cambro-Ordovician marbles that extend in a north-south band along the western boundary of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont, and similarly in the eastern-most portion of New York. Some Precambrian marbles, and some Ordovician carbonates are also found in this area. Maine has karst areas, but they are remote, low-lying, and poorly understood. Cave development appears to have been mostly post-glacial, with a few relict (pre-glacial) large caves (e.g. Aeolus Bat Cave, Morris Cave), and several large caves that are likely combination caves that while active in the current deranged hydrology, have passages inherited from pre-glacial times (e.g. Vermonster, Carthusian and Merlins caves). Joint activation by isostatic rebound following ice withdrawal, coupled with large glacial lake discharges, are argued to be the prime initiator of cave development. The caves that result are commonly shallow, and vulnerable to removal by the next glaciation, indicating a cyclic nature to cave development and destruction, avoided only by the larger, deeper or fortuitously placed cave systems. A general lack of glacial sediments in smaller caves is a good indicator that many caves are post-glacial, though some examples exist of pre-glacial caves containing sediment (e.g. Weybridge Cave). Cave science has been sparse and sporadic in this region, but a recent wave of papers, coupled with new discoveries of major caves, indicates that this region will be a greater participant in speleology in the future.
Option Volume and Volatility Response to Scheduled Economic News Releases: Evidence of Informed Trading

In this paper, we examine the impact of scheduled macroeconomic news announcements on both OEX index options and individual equity option volume. We do this in order to study the way in which investors use these options in their portfolios. We find that announcements are associated with an increase in OEX option volume but not in the volume of individual equity options. Consumer Confidence and New Home Sales elicit the highest trading response. Our primary findings are evidence of informed trading in the OEX option market before the announcement as well as significant evidence of hedging activity. These findings indicate that investors use index options to increase the leverage of their portfolios when they have private information and to protect themselves against adverse information when they do not.
Effect of Chronic Viral Infection on Epitope Selection, Cytokine Production, and Surface Phenotype of CD8 T Cells and the Role of IFN-γ Receptor in Immune Regulation

Regulation of CD8 T cell responses in chronic viral infections is not well understood. In this study, we have compared the CD8 T cell responses to immunodominant and subdominant epitopes during an acute and a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice. The epitope hierarchy of the primary CD8 T cell response was similar in acute and chronic LCMV infections. However, strikingly, the epitope hierarchy of the primary CD8 T cell response was conserved in the T cell memory only in an acute but not in a chronic LCMV infection. Interestingly, in an acute infection, increasing the viral dose caused significant changes in the epitope hierarchy of the LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cell pool, with no effect on the primary CD8 T cell response. Functional and phenotypic analyses revealed that exposure of CD8 T cells to extended periods of antigenic stimulation could lead to long-term defects in cytokine production and alteration in expression of cell surface L-selectin (CD62L). Whereas expression of CD44 was minimally altered, a greater proportion of LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cells were CD62L low in mice that have recovered from a chronic LCMV infection, compared with acutely infected mice. Mechanistic studies showed that IFN-γR deficiency altered the epitope hierarchy of the pool of LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cells without significantly affecting the immunodominance of the primary CD8 T cell response in an acute infection. Taken together, these findings should further our understanding about the regulation of T cell responses in human chronic viral infections.
Role of mechanical factors in governing muscle blood flow.

Overview This study evaluates how mechanical factors impact cardiac output at the systemic level, and how mechanical factors influence muscle blood flow at the local level. Importantly, the two are intertwined; events that work locally in the periphery to augment muscle blood flow can also act centrally to contribute to the development of a high cardiac output.
Weighted least squares algorithm for continuous-time model

In this paper we discuss a weighted least squares algorithm for the following continuous-time model: A(S)y/sub t/=SB(S)u/sub t/+C(S)v/sub t/ where S denotes the integral operator, i.e. Sy/sub t/=/spl int//sub 0//sup t/y/sub s/ds and A(S), B(S) and C(S) are matrix polynomials in the integral operator S. Similar to discrete WLS, the almost sure boundedness and convergence are established for continuous-time weighted least squares (CWLS) algorithm. The simulation results for the discrete WLS and the discrete extended least squares (ELS), the CWLS and the continuous ELS algorithms are given in this paper. Our techniques of proofs are totally different from those in discrete case. The results presented can be extended to state-space models with continuous time. >
Comparison of Binding of IgE and IgG Antibodies to Honeybee Venom Phospholipase-A

We compared the quantities and avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies from three phospholipase-A (PLA) sensitive patients during honeybee venom immunotherapy. IgG antibody was purified by affinity chromatography through a Sepharose anti-IgE Column followed by ionexchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. IgE antibody was obtained by elution from the Sepharose anti-IgE column with 4 M guanidinium HCl and by passage of the eluate over Sepharose anti-IgG. Absolute amounts of IgE and IgG antibody to PLA were determined by immunoabsorption and radioimmunoprecipitation, respectively. IgE antibody to PLA accounted for 25.1% to 28.7% (X = 27.0%) of the total IgE protein; IgG antibody accounted for 0.073% to 0.210% (X = 0.130%) of the total IgG protein. The relative avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies were assessed by the ability of equimolar amounts to bind radioiodinated PLA. In two patients, avidities of IgE and IgG antibody for PLA were comparble, whereas in the third, IgG antibody bound PLA more avidly than IgE antibody. The valence of IgE antibody was greater than 1.9, assuming that PLA behaved as a univalent ligand in extreme antigen excess. IgG antibody was able to inhibit binding of IgE antibody in the PLA radioallergosorbent test (RAST) from 10% to 40% at a molar excess of 10- to 1000-fold. The results indicate that: 1) IgE antibody to PLA accounts for a high percentage of total IgE protein; 2) the avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies are similar (two of three patients); 3) the valence of IgE antibody approaches two; and (4) IgG antibody can interfere with the measurement of IgE antibody in the PLA RAST.
Eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid restores skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in old mice

Mitochondrial dysfunction is often observed in aging skeletal muscle and is implicated in age-related declines in physical function. Early evidence suggests that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve mitochondrial function. Here, we show that 10 weeks of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation partially attenuated the age-related decline in mitochondrial function in mice, but this effect was not observed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The improvement in mitochondrial function with EPA occurred in the absence of any changes in mitochondrial abundance or biogenesis, which was evaluated from RNA sequencing, large-scale proteomics, and direct measurements of muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates. We find that EPA improves muscle protein quality, specifically by decreasing mitochondrial protein carbamylation, a post-translational modification that is driven by inflammation. These results demonstrate that EPA attenuated the age-related loss of mitochondrial function and improved mitochondrial protein quality through a mechanism that is likely linked with anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 PUFAs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EPA and DHA exert some common biological effects (anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, reduced FXR/RXR activation), but also exhibit many distinct biological effects, a finding that underscores the importance of evaluating the therapeutic potential of individual n-3 PUFAs.
Selection of Gossypium hirsutum genotypes for interspecific introgression from G. arboreum using ovule culture

Ovule culture is one of the techniques currently used to introgress desirable traits from Gossypium arboreum germplasm into G. hirsutum cultivars. Twenty-six (26) G. hirsutum breeding lines were used as female parents in crosses with five G. arboreum accessions to determine if the G. hirsutum parent influenced the germination and recovery of plants from ovule culture. Variation in boll weight and the number of ovules per boll was observed for crosses with the G. hirsutum lines, but heavier bolls and a greater number of ovules per boll were not associated with a higher germination rate. Ovules derived from crosses with 16 G. hirsutum lines showed germination. Plants were recovered for seven of these lines (Acala GLS, DES 56, DES 119, Deltapine 50, Stoneville 132, Stoneville 506 and Stoneville 825) with vigorous growing plants derived from four crosses (DES 119 x PI 408763, Stoneville 506 x PI 408763, Acala GLS x PI 529779, and DES 119 x PI 615699). The breeding line DES 119 showed a better success rate and typically produced smaller bolls with fewer ovules. However, results would suggest the G. arboreum accessions had a greater influence on the success rate compared to the G. hirsutum lines. Key words: Cotton, germplasm, immature embryo, tissue culture, wide-hybridization.
Analysis and test of bonded single lap joints with preformed adherends

A theoretical and experimental study has been conducted to investigate the load transfer of a single lap joint where the adherends have been preformed so that the angle between the line of action of the applied in-plane force and the bond line is reduced. The preforming of the adherend reduces the moment resultant in the adherend at the edge of the overlap region which reduces both the maximum peel and shear stresses in the adhesive, and gives a more uniform shear distribution in the adhesive. An increase in static load transfer of up to 120 percent has been shown, and several orders of magnitude increase in fatigue life have been achieved with modest preform angles. Thus, sizeable benefits can be obtained in the fatigue life or additional load capacity of bonded single lap joints by preforming the adherends.
A complex mosaic with D/E translocation tdic(15;18) (p12;p11) in an oligospermic male with apparently total infertility

A detailed cytogenetic analysis of a multiple line mosaic translocation carrier oligospermic infertile male is reported. The role of translocation mosaicism in gametogenetic and reproductive failure and the origin of this complex mosaic are briefly discussed.
Multichannel time-dependent detection of small targets in Gaussian and non-Gaussian clutter

Small-target (single/sub-pixel) detection techniques that use non-Fourier-based whitening approaches are presented for inputs consisting of a time series of images in one or more data channels. Backgrounds are assumed to be complicated by spatial correlation (Gaussian clutter) that is further correlated over time and across channels and may be further corrupted by highly localized non-Gaussian interference terms (`spikes') that appear target-like. For signals of known shape in Gaussian clutter, the Neyman-Pearson criterion leads to an optimal test that employs a self-consistent whitening approach based upon a time-dependent, multichannel linear predictive filtering kernel estimated from the data via least squares. Additionally, an adaptation of iterative scaling is shown to be an effective tool for partitioning correlated and uncorrelated elements of a time series of images. The partitioning of correlated from uncorrelated data, in turn, leads to an approach for isolating targets in Gaussian clutter corrupted by random spikes or for editing spikes in Gaussian clutter without affecting correlated signals or `punching holes' in correlated backgrounds. When possible, results are compared to theoretical predictions and/or optimal processing.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Increase in Nutritionally Important Sweet Corn Kernel Carotenoids following Mesotrione and Atrazine Applications

The herbicide mesotrione inhibits a critical enzyme, phytoene desaturase, in plant carotenoid biosynthesis. Mesotrione is currently labeled for selective weed control in sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa). Mesotrione applied alone, or in mixtures with the photosystem II inhibitor atrazine, acted to increase concentrations of kernel antheraxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin carotenoids in several sweet corn genotypes. Kernel lutein and zeaxanthin levels significantly increased 15.6% after mesotrione + atrazine early postemergence applications, as compared to the control treatment. It appears that mesotrione applications resulted in greater pools of kernel carotenoids once the sweet corn genotypes expressing moderate injury overcame the initial herbicidal photo-oxidative stress. This is the first report of herbicides directly up-regulating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in corn kernels, which is associated with the nutritional quality of sweet corn. Enhanced accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin is importa...
Decomposition of peroxycarbamates and their initiation of vinyl polymerization

A review is given of the synthesis, physical properties, and decomposition kinetics of organic peroxycarbamates. The activity of these compounds in initiating free-radical vinyl polymerization is discussed. The decomposition of hexamethylene N,N′-bis-(α-cumyl peroxycarbamate) has been measured in different solvents between 65 and 95°C and found to be a first-order reaction governed by the specific rate constant kd = 2.21 × 1016 exp {−34 100/RT}. The initiator exhibits normal free-radical polymerization kinetics and in polymerization of styrene at 80°C shows an initiating efficiency of 0.53. Cobalt naphthenate can act as both accelerator and retarder of styrene polymerization, depending upon its concentration and the temperature of the polymerization.
ANALYSIS OF A SEROLOGICAL DETERMINANT OF H‐Y ANTIGEN: EVIDENCE FOR CARBOHYDRATE SPECIFICITY USING AN H‐Y SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

SUMMARY Using a monoclonal antibody to H-Y antigen we characterized the molecular determinant responsible for H-Y reactivity. H-Y-positive cells were treated with enzymes which alter carbohydrate structure and then were tested for their ability to absorb monoclonal anti-H-Y antibody. Indications are that the serological determinant recognized by this antibody is a glycoconjugate containing terminal non-reducing and internal galactosyl residues.
Content and Chemical Form of Mercury and Selenium in Lake Ontario Salmon and Trout

Abstract The content and chemical form of mercury and selenium were determined in the edible tissue of salmon (coho, chinook) and trout (lake, brown) taken offshore from Lake Ontario near Rochester, New York. For all fish species, total mercury content ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 μg/g (fresh-weight), which is similar to concentrations commonly found in canned tuna. Most of the total mercury (63 to 79 percent) was present as methylmercury, the remainder being divalent inorganic mercury. For all species, 6 to 45 percent of the total selenium content was present as selenate (SeVI), the remainder being selenite (SeIV) and selenide (Se-11). On a molar basis, total selenium content usually exceeded that of total mercury. Samples of smoked and unsmoked brown trout fillets were also examined. Based on the results of this study there is no immediate human health hazard from mercury and selenium. However, there is a need to report specific chemical forms of these metals in Lake Ontario salmonid fishes so that elevated concentrations can be better evaluated.
Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in tear secretions of patients with vernal conjunctivitis

Abstract Twenty-two patients with vernal conjunctivitis (VC) were studied by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for specific IgE antibodies to the inhalant pollen allergens in tear secretions. Specific IgE antibodies were detected in the tear secretions of 12 (54.5%) patients with VC. Six patients had a positive tear RAST, but the corresponding serum RAST and immediate skin test reactivity were negative. The specific tear IgE antibodies appeared to correlate with the seasonal prevalence of the pollen in the environment and the period of maximal symptomatology. Six patients had both positive serum and tear RAST determinations. A double ratio formula with transferrin as a marker for the leakage of plasma proteins into tear secretions and the "specific activity" ratios of IgE antibody to total IgE between the tear secretions and the serum indicated that almost all (79% to 99%) of the tear IgE antibodies were locally produced. IgE antibodies were also detected in the tears of four of 10 patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and of three with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the "specific activity" ratio in the patients with AC and AR with measurable tear IgE suggested that the IgE antibodies were derived from the leakage of serum proteins into the tear secretions. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of VC may be IgE mediated in some patients and lends support to the concept that specific IgE antibodies can be produced locally by the target organ, i.e., conjunctival tissues.
Free will and determinism in first Isaiah: secular hermeneutics, the poetics of contingency, and Emile Durkheim's Homo duplex.

Are human beings the sovereign authors of their own thoughts and actions? Or are thought and action determined by external forces beyond their comprehension and control? For the biblical document known to exegetes as First Isaiah (chapters 1-39 of the Book of Isaiah) the answer to both queries seems to be yes. In this article various solutions are advanced to explain why this text equivocates on the question of free will and determinism. One possibility is that the document's collective, transhistorical composition may have scrambled its once coherent message beyond all recognition. Following Emile Durkheim's discussions of homo duplex, it will also be suggested that First Isaiah's confusion may be a manifestation of a deeper contradiction inherent to human consciousness-one that thus recurs across sociological time and space. Both solutions are united by their rejection of traditional theological approaches that have been brought to bear on First Isaiah and the Hebrew Bible in general. It is the movement away from such apologetic exegesis that characterizes the inchoate interpretive orientation that I call "secular hermeneutics."
Effect of auditory neocortex ablation on identification of click rates in cats.

Summary Six experimental and 3 unoperated cats were trained with a go, no-go shock avoidance procedure to discriminate increases from decreases in the rate of presentation of an on-going train of clicks. After learning this task, two cats received bilateral ablation of all auditory cortex between the suprasylvian sulcus and rhinal fissure while 3 cats had bilateral auditory cortex lesions plus ablation of the cortex ofthe anterior lateral and anterior and middle suprasylvian gyri. A sixth ‘naive’ experimental cat received the present tests only after recovery from a bilateral auditory cortex ablation. After bilateral lesions, 5 of the experimental cats unexpectedly made no errors on no-go trials during retraining. This contrasts with their preoperative performance, as well as the performance of the 3 unoperated and the ‘naive’ operated cat, in which training was required for the successful discrimination of the two types of trials. This suggests that the neocortex may be more critical for mediating active ‘go’ responses to auditory stimuli than in preserving a memory for the difference between go and no-go stimuli. Further testing revealed that the thresholds of the operated cats did not differ from normal cats. All cats discriminated rates of 4/sec versus 6/sec clicks both with and without a neutral 5/sec background at levels significantly above chance.
Indications and techniques for midline approach to aortic coarctation in infants and children.

Abstract A variety of techniques have been described for the repair of aortic coarctation. Most of these use operative exposure through a left thoracotomy. There are, however, instances when a median sternotomy provides a more versatile approach and allows for equally acceptable repair. Twelve patients (age, 2 days to 16 years) with coarctation of the aorta serve to illustrate the value of the technique. All but 3 patients were under 3 years old. Five patients had repair of coarctation combined with repair of other congenital cardiac anomalies (atrial and ventricular septal defects, 2 patients; atrial septal defects, 2 patients; and valvular aortic stenosis, 1 patient). Six patients had complicated recurrences of previously repaired coarctations, and 1 patient had a primary coarctation that involved the aortic arch. All repairs were accomplished through a median sternotomy with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and periods of (1) total circulatory arrest (6 patients); (2) reduced flow (4 patients); or (3) normal flow with multiple sites of arterial inflow (2 patients). All patients did well with no operative mortalities and no sequelae to date (8 weeks to 4 years). Examples of various techniques are provided to demonstrate the flexibility obtainable with this method. Median sternotomy can provide a viable approach to difficult problems involving coarctation of the aorta.
Older persons’ perceptions of home and hospital as sites of treatment for acute illness

Abstract PURPOSE: Home care is increasingly being used as a substitute for hospital care. This study examined older patients' perceptions of the home and of the hospital as treatment sites for acute illness and the patient characteristics that are associated with these perceptions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A series of questions derived from open-ended interviews supplemented by literature review were administered by telephone in a cross-sectional, descriptive study to community-dwelling persons age 65 years or older who had been hospitalized 2 months earlier with congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pneumonia. RESULTS: Among 246 participants, nearly equal proportions agreed with statements that the home and the hospital would be comfortable sites of care (54% versus 55%), that the home and the hospital would provide rapid recovery (41% versus 37%), and that home treatment and hospital treatment would be burdensome on family and friends (40% versus 33%). Although 93% would feel safe in the hospital, only 42% would feel safe at home. Perceptions were not associated with sociodemographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, self-rated health, depression, or social support. Functionally dependent patients had more positive perceptions of treatment at home. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of perceptions of home and hospital can facilitate assessing the acceptability of shifting acute care from hospital to home. Our findings suggest that successful expansion of acute home care will require flexibility in the use of home and hospital as well as education to change perceptions about the safety and efficacy of treatment at home.
Deep sub-100 nm Ge CMOS devices on Si with the recessed S/D and channel

We report on comprehensive studies of Ge CMOS devices with the recessed channel and S/D fabricated on a Ge-on-insulator (GeOI) substrate. Both nFETs and pFETs with channel lengths (L ch ) from 500 to 20 nm, channel thicknesses (T ch ) from 90 to 15 nm, EOTs from 5 to 3 nm, and gate stacks with and without the post oxidation (PO) are investigated. Benefiting from the fully depleted ultra-thin body (FD-UTB) channel with a reasonable interface, a low sub-threshold slope (SS) of 95 mV/dec is obtained in a 60 nm L ch nFET and a record high I ON /I OFF ratio of 106 is realized in a 300 nm L ch nFET. The recessed contact strongly dependents on the recessed depth and optimized recessed depth significantly improves the Ge contacts.
Characterizing energy efficiency of I/O intensive parallel applications on power-aware clusters

Energy efficiency and parallel I/O performance have become two critical measures in high performance computing (HPC). However, there is little empirical data that characterize the energy-performance behaviors of parallel I/O workload. In this paper, we present a methodology to profile the performance, energy, and energy efficiency of parallel I/O access patterns and report our findings on the impacting factors of parallel I/O energy efficiency. Our study shows that choosing the right buffer size can change the energy-performance efficiency by up to 30 times. High spatial and temporal spacing can also lead to significant improvement in energy-performance efficiency (about 2X). We observe CPU frequency has a more complex impact, depending on the IO operations, spatial and temporal, and memory buffer size. The presented methodology and findings are useful for evaluating the energy efficiency of I/O intensive applications and for providing a guideline to develop energy efficient parallel I/O technology.
The role of reperfusion injury in occlusive intestinal ischemia of the neonate: Malonaldehyde-derived fluorescent products and correlation of histology

Oxygen free radical reperfusion products may play a critical role in neonatal occlusive intestinal ischemia. We report a comparative analysis of light microscopy- and malonaldehyde (MDA)-derived fluorescent products as a measure of lipid peroxidation in occlusive intestinal ischemia in the rat. Weanling rats (n = 25) underwent cross clamping of the common mesenteric artery followed by various intervals of reperfusion; blood was sampled from the common mesenteric vein and the ileum was simultaneously biopsied. Blind-light microscopic scoring of the ischemic intestine was used. Fluorescent products were extracted using a chloroform/methanol/acidic water solvent extraction and measured with a spectrophotofluorometer using excitation/emission wavelengths of 360 and 430 nm, respectively. A trend was observed with prolonged reperfusion. Accumulation of fluorescent products correlated directly with the interval of reperfusion. Graded intervals of vascular occlusion produced progressive intestinal injury, but light microscopic analysis was not a sensitive index to distinguish the influence of graded reperfusion intervals. These data confirm a role for both ischemia and reperfusion in occlusive intestinal injury in the neonate and suggest that MDA accumulation may be a sensitive index of the reperfusion component of such injury.
THE EFFECT OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF CHICK OVARY SLICES1

The gonadotrophic function of the pituitary gland has been the subject of many investigations by endocrinologists but these studies have for the most part been limited to measurement of anatomical and gross physiological responses of the gonads. There has been little work done to elucidate the mechanism by which the pituitary gonadotrophic hormones produce these effects. It is known that the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the growth of ovarian follicles but it is not known how FSH affects cellular processes to bring about this end result. Therefore, it seems of interest to measure responses of ovarian tissue to FSH at the cellular level. Since FSH stimulates the ovary to greater activity measurable as increase in weight and rate of function one might expect an increased rate of respiration of ovarian tissue in response to the hormone. In this study the effect of FSH on the oxygen consumption of chick ovary slices has been measured.
Effects of disulfiram and related compounds on the metabolism in vivo of the colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine

Abstract In view of the recent discovery that disulfiram (DF) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) inhibit the colon carcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, a study of the effects of DF, DDTC, and the related compounds bis(ethylxanthogen) (BEX), carbon disulfide (CS2), sec-butyldisulfide (SBDS), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA) on the metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-[14C] was undertaken. With respect to vehicle-treated control rats, DF, BEX, DDTC and CS2 significantly increased the levels of the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine metabolite azomethane and decreased the levels of 14CO2 in the exhaled air. These compounds significantly decreased the levels of urinary azoxymethane and methylazoxymethanol and also decreased the levels of 14C in various rat organs. DEA, TEA and SBDS were ineffective in all these respects. It is concluded that DF, BEX, DDTC and CS2 inhibit the N-oxidation in vivo of azomethane to azoxymethane, an essential step in the metabolic activation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. It appears likely that the effective agent in the inhibition of the N-oxidation of axomethane by DF. BEX and DDTC is CS2, a metabolic product of these compounds.
Association of Apo(a)Isoform Size with Dyslipoproteinemia in Male Venous Thrombosis Patients

Abstract Background Lp(a) is a proatherogenic lipoprotein that may also be prothrombotic. Apo(a) size isoforms have differential effects on fibrinolysis. Whereas Lp(a) concentrations have been linked to venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) risk, apo(a) polymorphisms in VTE have not been studied. Methods We used a standardized high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis technique to determine apo(a) isoform size, and a Lp(a) immunoassay insensitive to apo(a) size to measure Lp(a) concentration in 46 men with VTE and 46 age-matched healthy controls. Results Apo(a) isoform distribution in VTE cases and controls was bimodal and VTE patients tended to have more medium-sized isoforms K4-(19-27) (54.3% vs. 34.8%, p = 0.06). Cases and controls had the same median predominant apo(a) size isoform (23.5 K4 repeats) and comparable Lp(a) concentrations. However, subgroup analysis based on apo(a) isoform size (K4 ≤ 23 or K4 ≥ 24) revealed that cases in the K4 ≥ 24 subgroup had higher Lp(a) concentrations than the controls in this isofrom subgroup (14.5 mmol vs. 6.6 mmol, p = 0.029). Also, dyslipoproteinemia (smaller LDL and HDL particles, higher LDL and lower HDL parameters) was strongly associated with VTE only in this larger apo(a) isoform group. Conclusions These observations provide the first evidence that determination of apo(a) isoforms may provide useful novel insights into VTE risk.
An Optimization Theory for Time-Varying Linear Systems with Nonstationary Statistical Inputs

The mean-square optimization problem is stated for time-varying systems with nonstationary statistical input functions. Correlation functions are defined for nonstationary ensembles. The mean-square error is calculated in terms of these correlation functions. The integral equation defining the optimum system is determined by minimization of the mean-square error.
Pathways for the low temperature synthesis of nano-sized crystalline barium zirconate

Abstract The low temperature (below 100 °C) sol-precipitation synthesis of nano-sized and crystalline barium zirconate (BaZrO3) powders is discussed. Structural evolution of crystalline BaZrO3 phase was studied under sol-precipitation and hydrothermal conditions. Chemical analysis showed that the zirconium precursor precipitated during the early stages of the reaction ( t min ) led to nano-sized (10–100 nm) hydrous oxide primary particles. The alkaline earth cation, occluded in the entrained liquid, subsequently intercalated into the primary particles to transform originally amorphous transition metal-rich precipitates into crystalline BaZrO3 at temperatures as low as 90 °C. The precipitate crystal phase development exhibited a significant on time ( t=5–240 min ) and temperature (90–205 °C). Increasing time or temperature enhanced the formation of the perovskite phase. BaZrO3 synthesis was also characterized by another salient feature in that primary particles grew into fairly uniform (1–3 μm) pseudospherical secondary particles by what appeared to be a particle aggregation mechanism. This is one of the few systems that exhibit two simultaneous processes: (1) crystallization of primary particles with a chemical change and (2) formation of uniform, spherical secondary particles via particle aggregation.
Plasmacytoma occurring in scar tissue.

A 76-year-old man with a 14-year history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, IgG lambda) suffered a traumatic fracture of his right humerus, requiring internal fixation with an intramedullary nail. Three months later, several rapidly growing tumours developed at the sites of the recent surgery (left and centre). Fine needle aspirate of the tumours demonstrated that these were plasmacytomas (IgG lambda). Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated 60% infiltration with plasma cells, indicating transformation to multiple myeloma. The patient was treated using local radiotherapy, with resolution of the lesions. However, within 1 month, further similar lesions developed in a sterniotomy scar where the patient had undergone cardiac surgery 14 years previously (right). Despite further treatment with local radiotherapy, intravenous pamidronate, and oral melphalan and prednisolone, the patient’s general medical condition deteriorated and he died. The occurrence of malignant tumours in scar tissue is a well-recognized phenomenon. The majority of cases describe the development of squamous cell carcinoma in burn scars or in chronic wounds (Marjolin’s ulcer), or tumour cell ‘seeding’ along the needle track of a biopsy site. To our knowledge, plasmacytoma with a predilection for scar tissue has not been previously described.
The church and politics in the Chilean countryside

Most observers of the Catholic church in Latin America point to the early emergence of a progressive heirarchy in Chile. As early as the 1930s, for example, church leaders in urban areas championed workers' organizations and pioneered many of the ideas that became precursors of liberation theology. Yet, in the countryside, where the pattern of land distribution was one of the most regressive in Latin America, the Church was clearly allied with the interest of the landowning elite. It wasn't until the 1960s that the Church began to channel resources into agrarian reform efforts and peasant mobilization. In this book, Dr Stewart-Gambino examines the shifting alliances of the Church, arguing that the ability of the church to formulate its own rural policy was constrained by the highly competitive political structure that necessitated reliance on first the Conservative Party's electoral strength as well as in the rapid rise of the Christian Democratic Party in the 1960s. Her analysis of the Church's competitive relations with political parties in the countryside provides a deeper understanding of the importance of rural issues to Chilean political development.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MALFORMATIONS IN THE CHARGE ASSOCIATION

Of 144 patients with the CHARGE association (literature 136, new patients 8), 47 (33%) had either a postmortem examination (30) or computerized axial tomography scan (17) of the head. Twenty-six of 47 (55%) had definite central nervous system (CNS) malformations: arhinencephaly, with or without other defects (11), holoprosencephaly (2), holoprosencephaly with arhinencephaly (1), other forebrain defects (3), hindbrain defects (3), or other defects (6). The presence of CNS malformation was most strongly associated with choanal atresia. This review demonstrates a predominance of forebrain anomalies, particularly arhinencephaly and holoprosencephaly, which may provide a clue to the mechanism of abnormal morphogenesis involved in CHARGE association.
Potential effects of acid precipitation on soils in the humid temperate zone

Unmanaged soils in the northeast United States generally tend toward increasing acidity which results from several natural processes in the soil. Possible effects of acid precipitation on these processes may be caused by hydrogen ions associated with excess anions in the precipitation and, in addition, the anions may also have specific effects. This is especially true for N and S both of which have important biological implications. It is likely that direct effects of the H ion will be modest. As an example, the acidity in 114 cm of rainfall per year (Connecticut's average) with a pH of 4.3 would require 28.5 kg ha −1 of limestone for neutralization. By contrast agronomic practice in Connecticut frequently dictates limestone additions as high as several thousand kg ha−1 to neutralize acidity generated by a combination of natural processes and fertilizer amendments. Studies of rainfall composition in Connecticut from 1929 to 1948 showed no clear trends with time and indicated levels of sulfate and nitrate in rainwater similar to those reported today. In a 10 yr lysimeter study in Connecticut in which tobacco was grown using conventional fertilization techniques, soil pH decreased from 5.4 to 5.0 and both gains and losses of soil cations were recorded. Thus it appears that changes in unmanaged soils induced by acid precipitation alone will be modest and subtle and probably cannot be expressed completely by measuring changes in soil pH value.
Strong matching preclusion of burnt pancake graphs

The strong matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of vertices and edges whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect matchings nor almost perfect matchings. This is an extension of the matching preclusion problem that was introduced by Park and Ihm. The burnt pancake graph is a more complex variant of the pancake graph. In this paper, we examine the properties of burnt pancake graphs by finding its strong matching preclusion number and categorising all optimal solutions.
Focal ischemia induces expression of the DNA damage-inducible gene GADD45 in the rat brain

GADD45 is a DNA damage-inducible gene that accelerates DNA excision repair and can be induced by a variety of DNA-damaging stimuli in mammalian cells. We investigated the expression of GADD45 mRNA and protein using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in rat brains after 2 h of temporal focal ischemia. The expression of GADD45 mRNA was induced in neurons throughout ischemic cortex 4 h after the onset of ischemia but was restricted to ischemic penumbra regions at 24 h after ischemia. The expression of GADD45 protein was increased only in sublethally injured neurons in the penumbra regions at both 4 h and 24 h following ischemia. These results suggest that GADD45 could have a protective role in ischemic neurons.
Visual-Tutorial System for Teaching Media Utilization.

An alternative format for the basic media utilization course at the University of Hawaii was developed on an individualized self-paced, self-instructional basis. The course, Media Practician, was offered to undergraduate students in a federally-funded Alternative Teacher Education Program (ATEP). The Visual-Tutorial (V-T) learning system was designed to teach both theory and skills related to effective classroom utilization of audio-visual media materials and equipment to pre-service elementary school teachers during their third and fourth years of training. The underlying learning psychology utilized by this visual-tutorial system is related to the self-pacing, individualized, self-instructional, programmed learning systems found in programmed texts, teaching machines and computer-based learning (Butler 1970).
Reactive Path Planning for 3-D Autonomous Vehicles

This brief deals with the problem of path planning for 3-D vehicles. The problem is simplified by resolving the workspace into horizontal and vertical planes. The flight path angle and the heading angle are linear functions of the visibility line angles in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. Other terms for the deviation and heading regulation are added to the navigation law. The navigation law has two navigation proportionality factors and two deviation parameters corresponding to the horizontal and vertical planes. The method has the ability to generate non-straight paths to the goal. Obstacles and dangerous zones are avoided by correcting the path by changing the values of the parameters. The dynamic constraints are transformed to a restriction in the navigation parameters' space. Our results are illustrated using simulation.
Scrambled eggheads: ambivalent representations of scientists in six Hollywood film comedies from 1961 to 1965

The American public's longstanding preference for intelligence over intellect informed ambivalent portrayals of American scientists in the postwar era. This essay considers how six popular Hollywood films from a largely neglected genre-comedy-projected ambivalent images of scientists from 1961 to 1965. It argues that scientists were often respected for their intelligence, but were mocked or even feared for their intellect. In the comedic subgenres of the family film and slapstick, scientists who were safely contained at institutions of higher education committed merely social transgressions and became objects of mockery. In the political satire of Dr. Strangelove, however, the direct threat of nuclear annihilation cast the scientist as an object of fear and a real threat to the security of the nation. This discussion of popular comedies thus accounts for an under-studied cultural barometer and powerful medium in the popularization of science.