cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of a Mental Health Clinic

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the management of a mental health clinic. The chapter states that each year the tasks faced by the manager of a mental health clinic increase in complexity as standards of care rise, accreditation criteria expand, functions become more specialized, treatments are more differentiated, competition for resources intensifies, and the walls separating public and private sector care crumble, thereby changing the mixture of clientele agencies serve. Managers of mental health clinics must serve many masters. These are the multiple constituents to whom they are accountable for the agency's performance. Foremost are the consumers and potential consumers who hold the manager responsible for administering an agency in a way that is responsive to their needs. Mental health clinics also operate in larger host organizations, such as hospitals or universities, or have governing bodies that are additional constituents with another set of expectations. Managers of a mental health clinic need to lead their agencies through the crosscurrents of changes and the demands of the new service paradigm. Mental health clinics seek to compete with other practice groups and also face competition for their clients, and the competition is intense. Therefore this chapter concludes that successful managers are people who can balance competing demands, determining which processes must take precedence given the circumstances.
The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as a Predictor of Performance in a Critical Thinking Course:

The validity of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) measure (Watson and Glaser, 1964) was examined in an academic setting emphasizing the use of critical thinking with an accelerated group of students who were pursuing a combined baccalaureate and professional program of medicine. Using a criterion of grades from a specially designed physics course intended to stress critical thinking, validity coefficients of .54 0, < .oooO2) and of .45 (p < .0007), respectively, were observed for each of two predictors: (a) total scores on the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and (b) total scores on the WGCTA measure. The WGCTA did not add much to the total prediction and should probably not be used as a substitute for regular entrance examinations in a college setting. However, the fact that it significantly predicted standing in a specialized course at the college level lends some credence to its criterion-related validity.
Van de regen in de drup

Vrijheidsbeperking is al jaren een hot issue in de zorg voor mensen met dementie. Inmiddels is er in de sector veel verbeterd en zijn bijvoorbeeld Zweedse banden in een groot aantal instellingen uitgebannen. De aanstaande wet Zorg en dwang is bedoeld om de rechtspositie van clienten op het punt van vrijheidsbeperking nog verder te verbeteren. Wat houdt het wetsvoorstel precies in? En wat zijn de consequenties voor de praktijk?
The effect of accelerometer low-frequency response on transient measurements

This report investigates the effect of accelerometer low-frequency response on transident acceleration measurements. The accelerometer is represented by an equivalent capacitance and the amplifier by an equivalent input resistance. The response of this system to a half sine-wave pulse, to a triangular-wave pulse and to a square-wave pulse is found.
Differential Effects of Ketaset/Rompun Anesthesia on Hypothermia-Induced Retrograde Amnesia and Its Recovery

A nonbarbiturate anesthetic consisting of ketamine HCl (Ketaset) and xlyazine (Rompun) was administered to assess the effects of anesthesia on hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in Long Evans hooded and Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Results from Experiment 1a indicate that this anesthetic does not attenuate retrograde amnesia, and the findings from Experiment 1b suggest that awakening from Ketaset/Rompun anesthesia at normal body temperature (following administration of deep body cooling) does not attenuate the resulting hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia. Experiment 2 demonstrated that various delays between training and hypothermia resulted in a temporal gradient that was the same for animals cooled while either conscious or under anesthesia. The results of Experiment 3 showed that rats made amnesic while under anesthesia did not recover the target memory if given a recooling treatment, but rats that were made amnesic while conscious did recover the memory with the same reminder treatment. These findings indicate that the conscious processing of stimuli associated with hypothermia treatment is not necessary in inducing hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia, but that conscious processing is an important factor if the amnesia is to be recovered with a recooling treatment.
Intrinsic voltage dependence of the epithelial Na+ channel is masked by a conserved transmembrane domain tryptophan.

Tryptophan residues critical to function are frequently located at the lipid-water interface of transmembrane domains. All members of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)/Degenerin (Deg) channel superfamily contain an absolutely conserved Trp at the base of their first transmembrane domain. Here, we test the importance of this conserved Trp to ENaC/Deg function. Targeted substitution of this Trp in mouse ENaC and rat ASIC subunits decrease channel activity. Differential substitution with distinct amino acids in α-mENaC shows that it is loss of this critical Trp rather than introduction of residues having novel properties that changes channel activity. Surprisingly, Trp substitution unmasks voltage sensitivity. Mutant ENaC has increased steady-state activity at hyperpolarizing compared with depolarizing potentials associated with transient activation and deactivation times, respectively. The times of activation and deactivation change 1 ms/mV in a linear manner with rising and decreasing slopes, respectively. Increases in macroscopic currents at hyperpolarizing potentials results from a voltage-dependent increase in open probability. Voltage sensitivity is not influenced by divalent cations; however, it is Na+-dependent with a 63-mV decrease in voltage required to reach half-maximal activity per log increase in [Na+]. Mutant channels are particularly sensitive to intracellular [Na+] for removing this sodium abolishes voltage dependence. We conclude that the conserved Trp at the base of TM1 in ENaC/Deg channels protects against voltage by masking an inhibitory allosteric or pore block mechanism, which decreases activity in response to intracellular Na+.
Mode-Based Beamforming with Closely Spaced Antennas

Beamforming with closely coupled antennas are investigated based on the orthogonal radiation modes of the coupled antenna system. Through a multiport decoupling network, these modes can be separated into different independent driving ports and matched individually; hence, although the strong mutual coupling still exists between the antennas, the mutual coupling between the modes are destructively canceled. The close antenna spacing impacts on the radiation impedances and the radiation Q factors of the higher order modes rather than the existence of the modes themselves. This finding overcomes the degradation caused by strong mutual coupling and leads to practical supergain arrays for beamforming. A pair of closely coupled monopole antennas is built as an example to validate this concept. Simulation and experiment have shown, with a pair of quarter-wave monopoles at 0.1 lambda spacing, 4~5 dB gain increase of a single quarter-wave monopole can be achieved, which is very close to the ideal theoretical directivity.
Review of wire chamber aging

Abstract This paper makes an overview of the wire chamber aging problems as a function of various chamber design parameters. It emphasizes the chemistry point of view and many examples are drawn from the plasma chemistry field as a guidance for a possible effort in the wire chamber field. The paper emphasizes the necessity of tuning of variables, the importance of purity of the wire chamber environment as well as it provides a practical list of presently known recommendations. In addition, several models of the wire chamber aging are qualitatively discussed. The paper is based on a summary talk given at the Wire Chamber Aging Workshop held at LBL, Berkeley on January 16–17, 1986. Presented also at Wire Chamber Conference, Vienna, February 25–28, 1986.
Discrete observer in the design of sampled-data control systems

This paper considers the problem of designing a feedback controller for sampled-data systems by using a discrete observer. Longitudinal control of an automated transit vehicle is used as an example to discuss the application of the discrete-observer design.
Molecular markers: progress and prospects for understanding reproductive ecology in elasmobranchs

Application of modern molecular tools is expanding the understanding of elasmobranch reproductive ecology. High-resolution molecular markers provide information at scales ranging from the identification of reproductively isolated populations in sympatry (i.e. cryptic species) to the relationships among parents, offspring and siblings. This avenue of study has not only augmented the current understanding of the reproductive biology of elasmobranchs but has also provided novel insights that could not be obtained through experimental or observational techniques. Sharing of genetic polymorphisms across ocean basins indicates that for some species there may be gene flow on global scales. The presence, however, of morphologically similar but genetically distinct entities in sympatry suggests that reproductive isolation can occur with minimal morphological differentiation. This review discusses the recent findings in elasmobranch reproductive biology like philopatry, hybridization and polyandry while highlighting important molecular and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the review examines gaps in current knowledge and discusses how new technologies may be applied to further the understanding of elasmobranch reproductive ecology.
The Use of Affinity Coelectrophoresis to Characterize Cooperative, Nonspecific Nucleic Acid Binding Peptides

Abstract Affinity coelectrophoresis (ACE) is a technique for characterizing ligand/nucleic acid binding interactions under equilibrium conditions. It is used here to characterize the protamine clupeine Z binding to several DNA fragments in order to define the use and limitations of ACE for ligands that bind cooperatively and nonspecifically to nucleic acids. The results demonstrate that the ACE data for cooperative, nonspecific ligands can be analyzed using the McGhee-von Hippel model and that binding-site sizes can be accurately determined using lattices containing as few as one site. However, binding constants can be greatly underestimated for some cooperative ligands with large-site sizes if small lattices are used. The salt dependence of the binding constant can also be determined but is limited to salt concentrations less than ∼ 300 mM. Given the simplicity and reproducibility of the ACE assay, it should find many applications for studying binding interactions for a variety of cooperative and noncooperative nucleic acid binding peptides and proteins.
Social relationships and abstinence from cocaine in an American treatment sample

In an extension of earlier work relating social-relationship variables to post-treatment abstinence from abused drugs, 104 cocaine users were studied for 6 months after completing drug treatment. Social-relationship variables included social integration, perceived support and social-network cocaine use. The effects of social relationships on cocaine abstinence tended to be conditional on race. Greater social integration predicted abstinence for Caucasian Ss (n = 54), but not African-Americans (n = 50). Similar results occurred for perceived support. Social network drug-use data also showed race differences: the absence of current cocaine users and the presence of former users predicted abstinence only for Caucasians. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by the relationship we observed between race and route of cocaine administration, with African-American Ss far more likely than Caucasians to be crack smokers or injection users as compared to intranasal users. The effects of race could not be disentangled from the effects of route. Future studies of social relationships and cocaine abstinence should focus on identifying social factors that are protective for African-Americans and for smokers/injectors. Such studies are critical precursors to designing successful social-support interventions.
The periphysis and its effect on the metaphysis: I. Definition and normal radiographic pattern

The zone of Ranvier and the ring of LaCroix, together with the membranous bone bark they produce, are termed the periphysis in order to emphasize their normal effect (the metaphyseal collar) on the metaphysis of the infant and young child. In the first 7 years of life, the normal collar at the wrist is 1–3 mm wide. The step-off between the metaphyseal collar and the curvilinear metaphysis, at the margin of the periphysis, should not be mistaken for abuse fracture. The periphyseal bone bark may be radiologically visible at the edge of the physis at the distal ulna in 9% of infants and should not be mistaken for fracture or rickets.
Low oxygen tension enhances the stimulation and proliferation of human T lymphocytes in the presence of IL-2

Background Optimization of the culture environment for the ex vivo expansion of T cells is crucial for obtaining the large doses of cells needed for cellular immunotherapy. O2 tension is a key parameter that impacts the proliferation and quality of the expanded T cells. Methods : Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with either PHA or an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody under 5% (low) or 20% (high) O2 atmospheres. After stimulation, cells were cultured in the presence of IL-2 under either low or high O2 conditions. Results : T cells stimulated and grown under 5% O2 exhibited higher proliferation rates and a mean (n = 11) of 5.8-fold greater total expansion over T cells grown under 20% O2. Stimulation under 5% O2 produced a lasting proliferative effect even after a switch to 20% O2. Examination of apoptosis by the flow cytometry-based TUNEL assay showed a mean (n = 9) of 2.9-fold greater percentage of apoptotic cells under 20% O2. Flow-cytometric analysis of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) showed that t...
Interleukin-1 Directly Regulates Hormone-Dependent Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation in Vitro

Direct in vitro effects of IL-1 on hormone-dependent (MCF-7 and ZR-75-B) and independent (HS-578-T and MDA-231) human breast cancer cell proliferation were investigated in short-term and long-term cell cultures. For short-term (48 h) studies [3H]thymidine uptake was used as an index of proliferation, while for long-term (12 day) cultures actual cell numbers were determined. Initial studies, conducted with MCF-7 cells, demonstrated that both forms of recombinant human IL-1 (α and β) at 10−11 m inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by MCF-7 by 70%, and by day 7 of the long-term study α and β IL-1 at 10−11 m inhibited MCF-7 cell growth by 80%. IL-1, while inhibiting the growth of another hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-B, had no effect on the hormone-independent cell lines MDA-231 and HS-578-T. The differing proliferative responses of the hormone-dependent and independent cells to IL-1 may, in part, be due to the expression of IL-1 receptors on these cells, in that MCF-7 cells express IL-1 receptor...
Robust thrust estimation for aerospace vehicle reaction control systems

This paper considers the problem of estimating the thrust from multiple jets firing from the reaction control systems (RCS) used by reusable launch vehicles (RLVs). The thrust estimates can be used for monitoring the health of the RCS, i.e. detecting jet failures. For accurately known state-space dynamics, the Kalman filter provides the optimal estimate in the least-squares sense for the jet thrust. During reentry, however, plant model uncertainties are a major problem for the filter as the vehicle's aerodynamics vary widely. Consequently, the Kalman filter estimate degrades severely. Transient, robust H/sub /spl infin// or game-theoretic estimators are shown to give promising estimation and detection performance results for a wide range of Mach numbers and angles of attack when tried on a simulation of the Space Shuttle Orbiter's RCS.
Dual Regulation of Dendritic Morphogenesis in Drosophila by the COP9 Signalosome

Altered dendritic arborization contributes to numerous physiological processes including synaptic plasticity, behavior, learning and memory, and is one of the most consistent neuropathologic conditions found in a number of mental retardation disorders, schizophrenia, and neurodegenerative disease. COP9 signalosome (CSN), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of the Cullin-based ubiquitin ligases that act in the proteasome pathway, has been found associated with diverse debilitating syndromes, suggesting that CSN may be involved in regulation of dendritic arborization. However, the mechanism of this control, if it exists, is unknown. To address whether the CSN pathway plays a role in dendrites, we used a simple and genetically tractable model, Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system. Our model study identified the COP9 signalosome as the key and multilayer regulator of dendritic arborization. CSN is responsible for shaping the entire dendritic tree through both stimulating and then repressing dendritic branching. We identified that CSN exerts its dualistic function via control of different Cullins. In particular, CSN stimulates dendritic branching through Cullin1, and inhibits it via control of Cullin3 function. We also identified that Cullin1 acts in neurons with the substrate-specific F-box protein Slimb to target the Cubitus interruptus protein for degradation.
Eiweisskörper und Donnan-Gleichgewicht

Die Theorie des kolloiden Verhaltens der Eiweisskorper, welche Loeb entwickelt hat, wird im Umriss dargestellt und dabei werden Versuche erwahnt, welche die amphotere Natur der Eiweisskorper zeigen, ihre Fahigkeit sich mit Sauren und Basen zu verbinden, davon abhangig, ob die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration grosser oder geringer ist als diejenige des isoelektrischen Punktes. Nach Ableitung der Donnantheorie des Membrangleichgewichtes wird gezeigt, dass diese Theorie immer anwendbar ist, wenn Ionen vorhanden sind, die durch eine fur andere Ionen durchlassige Membran nicht diffundieren konnen. Sie ist ferner anwendbar zur Erklarung des Einflusses der Elektrolyte auf Membranpotentiale und osmotischen Druck von Eiweisslosungen, auf Quellung von Gelatine und einen bestimmten Typus von Viskositat, von Gelatinelosungen. Der Unterschied zwischen kolloidem und krystalloidem Verhalten (vielmehr als zwischen kolloiden und krystalloiden substanzen oder Zustand) wird betont und die Anwendung der Donnantheorie auf das Gleichgewicht zwischen Blutzellen und Serum besprochen.
How family members manage risk around functional decline: the autonomy management process in households facing dementia.

Most dementia research investigates the social context of declining ability through studies of decision-making around medical treatment and end-of-life care. This study seeks to fill an important gap in research about how family members manage the risks of functional decline at home. Drawing on three waves of retrospective interviewing in 2012–2014, it investigates how family members in US households manage decline in an affected individual’s natural range of daily activities over time. The findings show that early on in the study period affected individuals were perceived to have awareness of their decline and routinely drew on family members for support. Support transformed when family members detected that the individual’s deficit awareness had diminished, creating a corresponding increase in risk of self-harm around everyday activities. With a loss of confidence in the individual’s ability to regulate his or her own activities to avoid these risks, family members employed unilateral practices to manage the individual’s autonomy around his or her activity involvements. These practices typically involved various deceits and ruses to discourage elders from engaging in activities perceived as potentially dangerous. The study concludes by discussing the implications that the social context of interpretive work around awareness and risk plays an important role in how families perceive an elder’s functional ability and manage his or her activity involvements.
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes different conformational states of skeletal muscle troponin C and other calcium-binding proteins.

Skeletal muscle troponin C contains four Ca2+-binding sites, two with a high affinity for Ca2+ that also bind Mg2+ competitively (Ca2+/Mg2+ sites) and two sites of lower affinity that are specific for Ca2+. We have characterized a monoclonal antibody (B9D9) that was produced against rabbit skeletal troponin C. The binding of this antibody to rabbit skeletal troponin C is sensitive to the binding of Ca2+. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration produces a decrease in the amount of antibody bound with a pK of approximately 6.9 which correlates with Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+/Mg2+ sites. Magnesium binding to rabbit skeletal troponin C had no effect on antibody binding. Thus the conformation of rabbit skeletal troponin C brought about by Ca2+ binding to these sites affects the antibody binding to its epitope. This epitope was unavailable for antibody binding in whole troponin. The antibody-binding site was localized in cyanogen bromide fragment CB9 of rabbit skeletal troponin C (residues 84–135). This antibody was also shown to cross-react with bovine cardiac troponin C., barnacle (Balanus nubilus) troponin C, bovine testis calmodulin and carp parvalbumin. In addition, the effect of Ca2+ on antibody binding seen with rabbit skeletal troponin C was also seen with bovine cardiac troponin C, and calmodulin. Thus these proteins appear to share a similar epitope and undergo similar structural changes. Wang and colleagues (1987) have presented evidence that rabbit skeletal troponin C at low pH has an elongated structure similar to that seen in the crystal structure and that at neutral pH its structure is more compact. We have found that in the absence of Ca2+ this antibody binds best to rabbit skeletal troponin C at low pH and its binding is reduced with increasingly alkaline pH. It is possible that the structural alterations brought about by changes in pH may also be responsible for the reduction in antibody binding. Since pH and Ca2+ have the same effect on antibody binding, this may mean that Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+/Mg2+ sites may also make rabbit skeletal troponin C more compact.
Photochromicity of Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin, an Atypical Microbial Receptor with a cis-Retinal Light-adapted Form *

We characterize changes in isomeric states of the retinylidene chromophore during light-dark adaptation and photochemical reactions of Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120 sensory rhodopsin (ASR). The results show that ASR represents a new type of microbial rhodopsin with a number of unusual characteristics. The three most striking are: (i) a primarily all-trans configuration of retinal in the dark-adapted state and (ii) a primarily 13-cis light-adapted state with a blue-shifted and lower extinction absorption spectrum, opposite of the case of bacteriorhodopsin; and (iii) efficient reversible light-induced interconversion between the 13-cis and all-trans unphotolyzed states of the pigment. The relative amount of ASR with cis and trans chromophore forms depends on the wavelength of illumination, providing a mechanism for single-pigment color sensing analogous to that of phytochrome pigments. In addition ASR exhibits unusually slow formation of L-like and M-like intermediates, with a dominant accumulation of M during the photocycle. Co-expression of ASR with its putative cytoplasmic transducer protein shifts the absorption maximum and strongly decreases the rate of dark adaptation of ASR, confirming interaction between the two proteins. Thus ASR, the first non-haloarchaeal sensory rhodopsin character-ized, demonstrates the diversity of photochemistry of microbial rhodopsins. Its photochromic properties and the position of its two ground state absorption maxima suggest it as a candidate for controlling differential photosynthetic light-harvesting pigment synthesis (chromatic adaptation) or other color-sensitive physiological responses in Anabaena cells.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Generic Promoter III of the Rat Prolactin Receptor Gene by C/EBPβ and Sp1

Abstract Three promoters are operative in the rat prolactin receptor gene as follows: promoter I (PI) and II (PII) are specific for the gonads and liver, respectively, and promoter III (PIII) is common to several tissues. To investigate the mechanisms controlling the activity of promoter III, its regulatory elements and transcription factors were characterized in gonadal and non-gonadal cells. The TATA-less PIII domain was localized to the region −437 to −179 (ATG +1) containing the 5′-flanking region and part of the non-coding first exon. Within the promoter domain, a functional CAAT-box/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) (−398) and an Sp1 element (−386), which bind C/EBPβ and Sp1/Sp3, respectively, contribute individually to promoter activation in gonadal and non-gonadal cells. However, significant redundancy was demonstrated between these elements in non-gonadal cells. Additionally, an element within the non-coding exon 1 (−338) is also required for promoter activity. Activation of PIII by the widely expressed Sp1 and C/EBPβ factors explains its common utilization in multiple tissues. Moreover, whereas the rat and mouse PIII share similar structure and function, the mouse PI lacks the functional SF-1 element and hence is inactive. These findings indicate that promoter III is of central importance in prolactin receptor gene transcription across species.
Solar coronal loop heating by cross-field wave transport

Solar coronal arches heated by turbulent ion-cyclotron waves may suffer significant cross-field transport by these waves. Nonlinear processes fix the wave-propagation speed at about a tenth of the ion thermal velocity, which seems sufficient to spread heat from a central core into a large cool surrounding cocoon. Waves heat cocoon ions both through classical ion-electron collisions and by turbulent stochastic ion motions. Plausible cocoon sizes set by wave damping are in roughly kilometers, although the wave-emitting core may be only 100 m wide. Detailed study of nonlinear stabilization and energy-deposition rates predicts that nearby regions can heat to values intermediate between the roughly electron volt foot-point temperatures and the about 100 eV core, which is heated by anomalous Ohmic losses. A volume of 100 times the core volume may be affected. This qualitative result may solve a persistent problem with current-driven coronal heating; that it affects only small volumes and provides no way to produce the extended warm structures perceptible to existing instruments.
An electronmicroscopic analysis of the optic nerve in the golden hamster

The electronmicroscopic examination of sections taken from the hamster's optic nerve 5 mm behind the globe indicated that the nerve contains 110,165 +/- 4,177 (p less than 0.05) fibres of which 96.4% are myelinated. The fibre diameter distribution is unimodal with a peak at 1.2 micrometer and axon diameters ranging from 0.20 micrometer to 3.93 micrometer. Fibres of all sizes are distributed uniformly throughout the cross section of the nerve. The thickness of the myelin sheath surrounding a given axon is highly (0.80) correlated with axonal diameter and the degree of myelination for a fibre of a given size is nearly constant throughout the nerve's cross section. In nerve sections taken just posterior to the globe most (64%) of the fibres counted are unmyelinated and the percentage of unmyelinated axons is highest near the peripheral boundary of the nerve. The process of myelination is essentially complete in sections taken 3.5 mm behind the eye. These differences in the myelination of the proximal and distal nerve most probably account for the discrepancy between the results reported here and those provided by a previous study (Tiao and Blakemore, '76) concerned with the structure of the optic nerve in this species.
RNA Virus Replication Complexes

The majority of viruses infecting animals and plants today are RNA viruses [1]. There are double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses with dsRNA genomes, as well as (+) and (−)RNA viruses whose genomes are single-stranded (ss) RNA of either positive or negative polarity. RNA viruses have small genomes that rarely exceed 30 kb in size, and a large portion of their genomes is used to encode proteins involved in viral RNA replication. Viral RNA synthesis is catalyzed by the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which lacks any proofreading activity. Although the details of RNA replication greatly vary among viruses, common principles clearly exist in the organization of the replication machinery of different RNA viruses.
Hemophilus aphrophilus brain abscess associated with congenital heart disease

circulation. Mechanical influence v.s. vasomotor control, Ann. Thorac. Surg. 5: 517, 1968. 8. Poe, N. D., and Taplin, G. V.: Pulmonary function and disease, in Blahd, W. H., editor: Nuclear medicine, ed. 2, New York, 1971, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., pp. 313349. 9. Rudavsky, A. Z., Leonidas, J. C., and Abramson, A. L.: Lung scanning for the detection of endobronchial foreign bodies in infants and children. Clinical and experimental studies, presented to the Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, Chicago, Ill., Nov. 26-Dec. 1, 1972. 10. Abramson, A. L., and Rudavsky, A. Z.: Use of lung scanning for the detection of endobronchial foreign bodies, Ann. Otol. 81: 832, 1972. 11. Greenfield, M. A., and Lane, R. G.: Radioisotope dosimetry, In Blahd, W. H., editor: Nuclear medicine, ed. 2, New York, I971, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., pp. 120121. 12. Rogers, R. T.: Radiation dose to skin in diagnostic radiography, Br. J. Radiol. 42: 511, 1969.
Comparing Exponentially Weighted Moving Average and Run Rules in Process Control of Semiquantitative Immunogenicity Immunoassays

The immunogenicity immunoassay validation process ensures development of a robust, reproducible method. However, no matter how well developed, validated, and maintained a method is, in the course of running a large number of samples over time, it is not uncommon to see bad reagents, poorly calibrated equipment, personnel errors, or other unknown and unpredictable factors that have an impact in the performance of the method and quality of the sample results. The immunogenicity immunoassay thus needs to be closely monitored with an internal statistical quality control process overtime to ensure a consistent and reliable output. The statistical process control has been widely applied to monitor manufacturing processes and in clinical laboratories. Its application to immunogenicity immunoassays is relatively novel. Limited guidance is available to implement the process to monitor semiquantitative immunogenicity immunoassay performance. Here, we have performed a suitability evaluation for process control charts with actual laboratory data from three immunogenicity immunoassay methods each utilizing a different technology platform. Additionally, a panel of prepared samples designed to assess long-term method performance were periodically evaluated for over a year. Finally, we make recommendations for an internal quality control process based on the results of these evaluations.
Effects of Mu receptor agonists and droperidol on motor coordination in mice

The effects of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil and droperidol on motor coordination in mice were studied. Animals were trained to complete successfully the rotarod test before assessing the effects of drugs. Administration of analgesic doses of the mu agonists morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil did not inhibit motor coordination. Droperidol produced a dose related inhibition of motor coordination. When a subthreshold dose of droperidol was administered followed by an opiate, a significant inhibition of motor coordination was observed. The results indicate that although analgesic doses of mu opioid agonists do not affect motor coordination, their combination with droperidol results in motor incoordination. The mechanisms and/or opioid receptor sub-types involved in this in vivo interaction remain to be established.
An Euler-type formula for ζ(2k+1)

Abstract In this short paper, we give several new formulas for ζ ( n ) when n is an odd positive integer. The method is based on a recent proof, due to H. Tsumura, of Euler's classical result for even n. Our results illuminate the similarities between the even and odd cases, and may give some insight into why the odd case is much more difficult.
Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children.

Abstract Very little previous research has considered the contributions of family relationships and interactions on the language input of mothers and fathers to their young children. This study examined the contributions of marital love and conflict, and broader family-level conflict, cohesion, and expressiveness to mother and father vocabulary in triadic interactions with their young children in 70 dual-earner families. It was found that after controlling for parent sensitivity and parent directive behavior, marital love and family conflict when children were 12 months of age were significant predictors of both father vocabulary and mother vocabulary to children at 24 months of age. In families with higher levels of marital love when children were 12 months of age, mothers and fathers used a more diverse vocabulary with their 24-month-old children. In families with lower levels of family conflict when children were 12 months of age, mothers and fathers used a more diverse vocabulary with their 24-month-old children.
Asymptotic spreading rate of initially compressible jets—experiment and analysis

Experimental results for the spreading and centerline velocity decay rates for round, compressible jets, from a convergent and a convergent-divergent nozzle, are presented. The spreading rate is determined from the variation of streamwise mass flux obtained from Pitot probe surveys. Results for the far asymptotic region show that both spreading and centerline velocity decay rates, when nondimensionalized by parameters at the nozzle exit, decrease with increasing "jet Mach number" M(sub j). Dimensional analysis with the assumption of momentum conservation, together with compressible flow calculations for the conditions at the nozzle exit, predict this Mach number dependence well. The analysis also demonstrates that an increase in the "potential core length" of the jet occurring with increasing M(sub j), a commonly observed trend, is largely accounted for simply by the variations in the density and static pressure at the nozzle exit. The effect of decreasing mixing efficiency with increasing compressibility is inferred to contribute only partially to the latter trend.
Pattern recognition in bees

Adrian Horridge has written an interesting, useful, and very opinionated book on the visual system of insects. He states that it could be used by university students interested in the physiology of vision or the psychology of perception, by entomologists or zoologists, by engineers interested in robot vision, and by philosophers interested in the scientific method.
Effectiveness of Massachusetts’ comprehensive tobacco control program

While Massachusetts's comprehensive programme of excise taxes, smoking bans and tobacco control has been argued to have significantly lowered cigarette consumption, this is the first study to examine the comprehensive nature of its programme and to control for factors other than tobacco programmes themselves while examining effects on taxed cigarette sales. Examination indicates strong support for the hypotheses that taxed sales in Massachusetts declined due to price increases, changes in income and smuggling. There is very limited support for the hypothesis that tobacco control spending or smoking bans contributed to falling cigarette sales. Possibilities are discussed that may explain why this study does not support most previous studies. These include failure to control for numerous factors that probably also influenced sales, that effects of tobacco control programmes might differ between states and that previous studies examined shorter time periods. It is hoped that this article will foster further ...
The Minnesota Scanner: a prototype sensor for three-dimensional tracking of moving body segments

An advanced method for tracking the three-dimensional motion of bodies is presented. This system, which is presently being used for human motion tracking, has the potential for dynamically characterizing robot motion and also provides a means for facilitating robot endpoint control. Three rotating planes of laser light, fixed and moving photovoltaic diode targets, and a pipelined architecture composed of analog and digital electronics are used to locate multiple targets whose number is only limited by available computer memory. Data collection rates are a function of the laser scan rotation speed and are selectable up to 480 Hz. The tested performance on a preliminary prototype designed for 0.1-in. accuracy at a 480-Hz data rate includes a resolution of 0.8 mm, a repeatability of +or-0.636 mm, and an absolute accuracy of +or-2.0 mm within an eight cubic meter volume with all results applicable at the 95% level of confidence along each coordinate direction. The system can be used to reduce XYZ target position data to body angular orientation which, for this first prototype, ranges in accuracy from +or-0.5 degrees to +or-1 degrees . Moving targets can be tracked at speeds exceeding 1 m/s with signal integrity tested but not limited to 25-Hz motions. >
Developmental Milestones 3: Social-Emotional Development

1. R. Jason Gerber, MD* 2. Timothy Wilks, MD† 3. Christine Erdie-Lalena, MD§ 1. *Major, USAF, Medical Corps, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Fellow, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. 2. †LCDR, USN, Medical Corps, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Fellow, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. 3. §Lt Col, USAF, Medical Corps, Program Director, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Fellowship, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Know the sequence through which social abilities develop in the infant and young child. 2. Understand the concept of joint attention. 3. Be aware of the ways in which infants and young children mature in their emotional development. 4. Recognize when a child is not achieving the appropriate social or emotional milestones and requires further evaluation. This is the third and final article in a series on developmental milestones. Previous articles have focused on motor and cognitive aspects of development. As has been mentioned, developmental skills are interrelated and do not evolve in isolation. Problem-solving, language, and fine motor skills all are required for an infant to develop normal social-emotional skills. Most children are born with an inherent drive to connect with others and share feelings, thoughts, and actions. The earliest social milestone is the bonding of a caregiver with the infant, characterized by the caregiver's feelings for the child. The infant learns to discriminate his mother's voice during the first month after birth. He cries to express distress from hunger, fatigue, or a wet diaper. Attachment theory suggests that as the caregiver responds to these cries and other behaviors, the infant gains confidence in the caregiver's accessibility and responsiveness. This behavior system promotes the parent–child relationship that some researchers believe facilitates parental protection, and thus infant survival. From this relationship comes the first measureable social milestone: the smile. The infant smiles at first in response to high pitched vocalizations (“baby talk”) and a smile from his caregiver; but over time, less and less stimulation is required. Ultimately, just seeing the caregiver elicits …
Diet and condition of Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) in the Gulf of Maine, 2004–2008

Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) are the primary forage for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; ABFT) in the Gulf of Maine. Recent studies have documented significant declines in ABFT somatic condition and shifts in their size and spatial distribution in the Gulf of Maine, which may be linked to trophic changes. We collected stomachs (n = 122) as well as liver (n = 110) and white muscle (n = 382) samples for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis and lipid analysis to determine if diet composition had changed relative to the late 1980’s to early 2000’s for large, commercially harvested ABFT (≥185 cm curved fork length (CFL)). Samples of smaller ABFT (<185 cm CFL) were also collected (stomachs: n = 21; liver: n = 17; white muscle: n = 19) to compare diet between size classes. Large ABFT diet was similar among current and historic studies, Atlantic herring being the main prey (39.5 to 52.8 % weight). Small ABFT fed at a lower trophic position (TP = 3.9) than larger individuals (TP = 4.9) due to higher consumption of sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) and euphausiids (65.6 vs. 4.5 % weight). Mean and maximum lipid stores of large ABFT increased from spring through fall, but lean fish were observed in all seasons. In the fall, lean ABFT were lighter with lower nitrogen and higher carbon isotope values than co-occurring ABFT with higher lipid stores. These patterns are consistent with shelf vs. offshore isotope baseline differences in the western North Atlantic and variable arrival and residency patterns for ABFT in the Gulf of Maine.
Bald Mountain Gold Mining District, Nevada: A Jurassic Reduced Intrusion-Related Gold System

The Bald Mountain mining district has produced about 2 million ounces (Moz) of Au. Geologic mapping, field relationships, geochemical data, petrographic observations, fluid inclusion characteristics, and Pb, S, O, and H isotope data indicate that Au mineralization was associated with a reduced Jurassic intrusion. Gold deposits are localized within and surrounding a Jurassic (159 Ma) quartz monzonite porphyry pluton and dike complex that intrudes Cambrian to Mississippian carbonate and clastic rocks. The pluton, associated dikes, and Au mineralization were controlled by a crustal-scale northwest-trending structure named the Bida trend. Gold deposits are localized by fracture networks in the pluton and the contact metamorphic aureole, dike margins, high-angle faults, and certain strata or shale-limestone contacts in sedimentary rocks. Gold mineralization was accompanied by silicification and phyllic alteration, ±argillic alteration at shallow levels. Although Au is typically present throughout, the system exhibits a classic concentric geochemical zonation pattern with Mo, W, Bi, and Cu near the center, Ag, Pb, and Zn at intermediate distances, and As and Sb peripheral to the intrusion. Near the center of the system, micron-sized native Au occurs with base metal sulfides and sulfosalts. In peripheral deposits and in later stages of mineralization, Au is typically submicron in size and resides in pyrite or arsenopyrite. Electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS analyses show that arsenopyrite, pyrite, and Bi sulfide minerals contain 10s to 1,000s of ppm Au. Ore-forming fluids were aqueous and carbonic at deep levels and episodically hypersaline at shallow levels due to boiling. The isotopic compositions of H and O in quartz and sericite and S and Pb in sulfides are indicative of magmatic ore fluids with sedimentary sulfur. Together, the evidence suggests that Au was introduced by reduced S-bearing magmatic fluids derived from a reduced intrusion. The reduced character of the intrusion was caused by assimilation of carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. Tertiary faults dismember the area and drop down the upper part of the mineralizing system to the west. The abundant and widespread kaolinite in oxide ores is relatively disordered (1A polytype) and has δD and δ18O values suggestive of a supergene origin. The deep weathering and oxidation of the ores associated with exhumation made them amenable to open-pit mining and processing using cyanide heap leach methods.
Clinicopathologic alterations in normal and exhausted endurance horses

Abstract Selected clinicopathologic features of normal and exhausted endurance horses were evaluated during conditions of severe heat and work stress. The normal group of horses (Group A) manifested dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypochloremia. The majority of the horses of Group A had a metabolic alkalosis and a hematologic pattern of response to stress. The data for the group of exhausted horses (Group B) were similar to that for the normal horses, except the majority of the horses of Group B were more severely dehydrated, and plasma potassium values were within the normal range. The acid-base parameters of Group B varied considerably, with the more severely affected horses having a partially compensated respiratory acidosis. Hematologically, horses of Group B had a significant left shift in addition to the stress response. The data are compared with previous reports along with a discussion of the physiologic processes responsible for the alterations observed.
Hydrocortisone induction of tyrosine transaminase in regenerating rat liver.

THE “minimal deviation” hepatomas—well differentiated rat hepatocellular carcinomas—demonstrate many abnormal enzyme regulatory mechanisms1. It has been suggested that these alterations are critical in neoplastic transformation2. The corticosteroid induction of the hepatic enzymes tryptophan pyrrolase (TP) and tyrosine transaminase (TT) has been extensively studied in these tumours1. Administration of corticosteroid causes a considerable increase in the activities of TP and TT in the normal adult rat liver within 4–5 h (refs. 3 and 4). In hepatomas, however, there is little or no increase in TP activity after administration of corticosteroid, and baseline enzyme activity is usually depressed1.
Alloplast Materials in Orbital Repair

Bone remains the material of choice for many surgeons in margin reconstruction be­ cause of its structural strength and capacity to develop a firm union in defects of the or­ bital margin. Some surgeons, including members of our own group, use alloplast for the filling of orbital rim defects, but we must acknowledge that the very inertness of these synthetics make their stabilization un­ duly dependent upon surgical impaction, wire and suture. Two methods commonly used in recon­ structing the orbital wall and margin with alloplasts are: (1) "filling" (fig. 1) where the bone defect is actually replaced with the alloplast; and (2) "overlay" (fig. 2) where a layer of alloplast is placed over the defect and secured to the bone of the margin. Since the major part of the ophthal­ mologist's orbital repair work will be con­ cerned with the floor of the orbit, this area of surgery cannot be overemphasized in a discussion of orbital alloplasty.