cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time for sex: nycthemeral distribution of human sexual behavior.

Nycthemeral (daily) oscillation has been documented in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the existence of a nycthemeral rhythm of human sexual behavior and to identify environmental factors responsible for the rhythmic pattern. Non-traditional university students (ages 18 to 51 years) recorded the times of day when they went to sleep, when they woke up, and when they had sex for 3 consecutive weeks. They also answered a questionnaire designed to identify the causes of their selection of time for sex. The majority of sexual encounters took place at bedtime (11 pm to 1 am). The most common explanations for this temporal pattern were the rigidity of the professional work schedule and family obligations and the availability of the partner, which reduced the opportunity for sexual encounters at other times of the day. Most sexual encounters take place around bedtime. Although the presence of an endogenous component responsible for this temporal pattern cannot be excluded, the evidence indicates strong environmental forcing, particularly from the work/family schedule of the individuals and from partner availability.
Exploring the sialome of the tick Ixodes scapularis

To attempt description of the set of mRNA and protein (sialome) expressed in the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes scapularis, we randomly sequenced 735 clones of a full-length salivary gland cDNA library of this arthropod and performed Edman degradation of protein bands from salivary gland homogenates (SGH) and saliva separated by SDS-PAGE. The sequences were grouped into 410 clusters, of which 383 are not associated with known I. scapularis sequences. 15- and 17-protein bands from PAGE yielded amino-terminal information on the saliva and salivary gland gels, respectively. We attributed 19 of these sequences to translation products of the cDNA library. Full-length sequences were obtained for 87 clones. Among these protein sequences are several protease inhibitors of distinct classes, metalloproteases, novel proteins with histamine-binding domains, and several peptide families of unknown function displaying different conserved cysteine residues, many of which contain single Kunitz domains. This work provides information into the diversity of messages expressed in the salivary glands of I. scapularis, describes novel sequences that may be responsible for known biological activites, indicates further biological activities that may be present in I. scapularis saliva and identifies novel vaccine targets that may be used in Lyme disease prevention.
The unique implications of brood selection for genetic programming

In nature it is common for organisms, as quoted from (Kozlowski and Steams, 1989), to "produce many offspring and then neglect, abort, resorb, or eat some of them, or allow them to eat each other." This phenomenon is known variously as soft selection, brood selection, spontaneous abortion, and a host of other terms depending upon both semantics and the stage of ontogeny and/or development at which the culling of offspring takes place. The bottom line of this behavior in nature is the reduction of parental resource investment in offspring who are potentially less fit than others. The use of brood selection in genetic programming was first suggested in (Altenberg, 1993, 1994) as a method to select for representations of CTP with greater evolvability under recombination. We show that brood selection has benefits to artificial genetic systems analogous to those it confers upon biological genetic systems, specifically in terms of conservation of CPU investment and memory investment. >
Serratus muscle stimulation effectively treats notalgia paresthetica caused by long thoracic nerve dysfunction: a case series

Currently, notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a poorly-understood condition diagnosed on the basis of pruritus, pain, or both, in the area medial to the scapula and lateral to the thoracic spine. It has been proposed that NP is caused by degenerative changes to the T2-T6 vertebrae, genetic disposition, or nerve entrapment of the posterior rami of spinal nerves arising at T2-T6. Despite considerable research, the etiology of NP remains unclear, and a multitude of different treatment modalities have correspondingly met with varying degrees of success. Here we demonstrate that NP can be caused by long thoracic nerve injury leading to serratus anterior dysfunction, and that electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) of the serratus anterior can successfully and conservatively treat NP. In four cases of NP with known injury to the long thoracic nerve we performed transcutaneous EMS to the serratus anterior in an area far lateral to the site of pain and pruritus, resulting in significant and rapid pain relief. These findings are the first to identify long thoracic nerve injury as a cause for notalgia paresthetica and electrical muscle stimulation of the serratus anterior as a possible treatment, and we discuss the implications of these findings on better diagnosing and treating notalgia paresthetica.
Treatment options for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Modern molecular technology makes it possible to detect minimal residual acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) when the marrow remains in complete remission (CR). Thus, an important question, and the first to be discussed, is whether patients should be treated at molecular relapse, rather than only at haematological relapse. The second question to be addressed is when the various options for treatment of relapsed APL-i.e. all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracyclines, arsenic trioxide (ATO), gemtuzumab ozogamycin (GO, 'mylotarg'), and allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant-should be used. We suggest that patients with relapsed APL have different prognoses and that, accordingly, they should not all be treated identically. We note the significance of extramedullary relapse. We conclude with a summary of treatment recommendations and a discussion of new therapies that might be useful in the future.
Opulence and Oblivion: Talmudic Feasting, Famine, and the Social Politics of Disaster

Food and feasting narratives illuminate the social politics of disaster in the Babylonian Talmud's lengthiest account of the destruction of Jerusalem (Bavli Gittin 55b–58a). Key moments in this sugya center around food: the shame of Bar Kamẓa at a feast sparks his eventual betrayal of the Jews, the tale of Marta bat Boethus recounts the starvation of the wealthiest woman in Jerusalem, and Caesar destroys Tur Malka in retaliation for an opulent banquet. This article contextualizes these rabbinic narratives within the social politics of Roman and Sasanian banquet culture, while also parsing the intersections of gender, class, and social status in these disaster tales. Through its critical representation of high-class oblivion, the sugya calls attention to the ethical cost of elite status by highlighting the physical and moral dangers of social privilege. Its stories of luxurious eating emphasize how corrosive concerns about status and shame often lead elites to protect their private interests by sacrificing the well-being of the broader community. Its feasting narratives assert that wealth, luxury, and social privilege distance elites from the awareness of suffering in their midst.
Effective Supervisory Practices in an Interdisciplinary Clinical Setting

Clinical experiences involving an interdisciplinary approach to service provision and supervision have been shown to contribute to supervisee knowledge and skill. These interdisciplinary experiences may hold additional benefits for the supervisor and to the process of supervision. The current article discusses the benefits to both supervisors and supervisees experienced through an interdisciplinary clinical approach involving the professions of audiology and speech language pathology and the contributions of an interdisciplinary clinical approach to effective supervision.
RMS phase dependence of the number of random point sources on laser illuminated surfaces

Abstract In electric field backscatter considerations, the number of random-phase sources on a rough surface is over three times that for the correlation cells whenever the rms phase fluctuation is above ten. A triangular phase probability distribution leads to essentially the same relationship between these numbers as a gaussian distribution.
Collaborative Activities in Virtual Settings: Case Studies of Telemedicine

This research examines virtual collaborative activities in the context of telemedicine. Collaborative activities consist of knowledge creation, discovery, and transfer. The findings indicate that teleconsultation and distance learning projects that involve primarily the transfer of explicit knowledge are not perceived as having a positive impact on remote site health care delivery, while those projects engaging in the creation and/or discovery of tacit knowledge are perceived as having a positive impact. These findings provide a useful means of differentiating between those telemedicine projects that impact remote site health care delivery in a positive manner and those that don't.
A TAXONOMIC AND SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENUS MUELLERIA (BACILLARIOPHYTA)

The genus Muelleria (Frenguelli) Frenguelli is considered in taxonomic, systematic, and biogeographic contexts. Muelleria is a small genus composed of 15 known species. In the present report, four ...
NMR Structure and Dynamics of a Designed Water-soluble Transmembrane Domain of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Abstract The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is an important therapeutic target for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions, for which rational drug designs often require receptor structures at atomic resolution. Recent proof-of-concept studies demonstrated a water-solubilization approach to structure determination of membrane proteins by NMR (Slovic et al., PNAS, 101: 1828–1833, 2004; Ma et al., PNAS, 105: 16537–42, 2008). We report here the computational design and experimental characterization of WSA, a water-soluble protein with ~ 83% sequence identity to the transmembrane (TM) domain of the nAChR α1 subunit. Although the design was based on a low-resolution structural template, the resulting high-resolution NMR structure agrees remarkably well with the recent crystal structure of the TM domains of the bacterial Gloeobacter violaceus pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC), demonstrating the robustness and general applicability of the approach. NMR T2 dispersion measurements showed that the TM2 domain of the designed protein was dynamic, undergoing conformational exchange on the NMR timescale. Photoaffinity labeling with isoflurane and propofol photolabels identified a common binding site in the immediate proximity of the anesthetic binding site found in the crystal structure of the anesthetic-GLIC complex. Our results illustrate the usefulness of high-resolution NMR analyses of water-solubilized channel proteins for the discovery of potential drug binding sites.
Disability Reconsidered: The Paradox of Physical Therapy

The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to explore models of disability from the perspective of the academic discipline of disability studies (DS), (2) to consider the paradox of improving functional capacities while valuing disability as diversity, (3) to identify how physical therapy's use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) disablement model intersects with various disability models, and (4) to apply this broader understanding of disability to physical therapist practice, education, and research. The DS literature has been critical of rehabilitation professionals, particularly targeting the medical model of disability. In contrast, advocates for a social model of disability recognize disability as diversity. It is paradoxical for physical therapy to simultaneously work to ameliorate disability while celebrating it as diversity. The ICF biopsychosocial disablement model offers a mechanism to practice within this paradox and suggests that it is no longer sufficient to conceptualize disability as a purely individual matter that requires attention in isolation from the impact of the larger society.
Roy’s Specific Life Values and the Philosophical Assumption of Humanism:

Roy's philosophical assumption of humanism, which is shaped by the veritivity assumption, is considered in terms of her specific life values and in contrast to the contemporary view of humanism. Like veritivity, Roy's philosophical assumption of humanism unites a theocentric focus with anthropological values. Roy's perspective enriches the mainly secular, anthropocentric assumption. In this manuscript, the basis for Roy's perspective of humanism will be discussed so that readers will be able to use the Roy adaptation model in an authentic manner.
Altered Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Aortic Remodeling During Aging

To elucidate potential mechanisms of enhanced type 2 matrix metalloprotease levels and activity within the thickened aged rat aorta, the present study measured its mRNA and protein levels and those of its membrane bound activator, MT1-MMP, its endogenous tissue inhibitor, TIMP-2, tissue type, and urokinase plasminogen activators and their receptors, and an inhibitor of plasminogen activation in aortae from Fisher 344X Brown Norway rats, 2 to 30 months of age. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and in situ zymography of aortae detected a marked age-associated increase in gelatinolytic activity of type 2 metalloprotease within the thickened intima, internal elastic lamina, and elastic fibers in the inner part of the thickened tunica media, whereas the intimal tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 mRNA and protein levels were not age related. Both activators of plasminogen and their receptors increased approximately 2-fold within the intima between 2 to 30 months. Similar, but not identical, age-associated changes in factors that regulate protease activity within the aortic media were also observed. We conclude that discordant regulation of factors that determine the activation status of type 2 matrix metalloprotease, coupled with an increase in the expression of its zymogen, occur with aging, which lead to an increase in the amount of activated protease. These factors are candidate mechanisms for age-associated vascular remodeling, a potent risk factor for vascular diseases with advancing age.
Strontium, Rubidium, Potassium, and Calcium Variations in Quaternary Lavas, Crater Lake, Oregon, and Their Residual Glasses

Strontium and rubidium contents of 22 whole-rock specimens and 15 residual glasses from Crater Lake, Oregon, range from 650 to 725 ppm and 23 to 33 ppm, respectively, for the less differentiated hypersthene andesites and basaltic andesites; to 150 to 400 ppm and 50 to 80 ppm for the more salic whole-rock and residual glass specimens. The behavior of these elements largely reflects the separation of large amounts of phenocrystic plagioclase. Sr content closely follows that of calcium. More sodic plagioclase exhibits a greater absolute affinity and a slightly greater relative affinity for Sr than more calcic compositions. K/Rb decreases progressively from about 440 at a K 2 O content of 1.2 weight percent to 330 at 3.4 percent K 2 O as a result of separation of plagioclase with a K/Rb ratio several times that of the associated magmatic liquid. Two factors support the hypothesis that the late dacites and rhyodacites of Mount Mazama were derived by low-pressure crystal fractionation of intermediate magma(s) that are very similar in composition to the much more voluminous andesites of the volcano. They are (1) the coincidence of the whole-rock–residual liquid tie lines, with general variation trends defined by the combined whole-rock and residual liquid data; and (2) the similarity of the coherent interelement variations, with trends inferred from data on elemental distribution between coexisting phenocryst minerals and magmatic liquid. Removal of 45 to 65 percent crystalline material from andesitic magma with 25 to 30 ppm Rb is required to produce the more salic rocks containing 50 to 65 ppm Rb.
Accessibility validation with RAVEN

Testing is, for most, a necessary evil in the software life cycle. One very important form of testing is the evaluation of software products according to mandated criteria or guidelines such as those that specify level of accessibility. Such evaluations can be quite tedious, especially if they must be done manually and applied consistently to each and every component of an application. The use of assistive technologies like screen readers to demonstrate the compliance of a software product to a set of regulations is time-consuming, error-prone, and expensive. Validation tools that can perform such evaluations are becoming more popular as integrated development environments become more sophisticated but, in the area of accessibility validation, they are sorely lacking if not nonexistent. This paper introduces the IBM Rule-based Accessibility Validation Environment, an Eclipse-based tool for inspecting and validating Java rich-client GUIs for accessibility using non-invasive, semi- to fully-automatic, rule-based validation and inspection.
LA JUSTICIA DEL MÁS ALLÁ: SU PROYECCIÓN VISUAL EN EL RETABLO DE LOS PUIXMARÍN DE LA CATEDRAL DE MURCIA

The Diocesan Museum of Murcia has an altarpiece devoted to Saint Michael which was part of the furnishings of the chapel of dean Pedro Puixmarin in the cloister of the catedral. Its program, by introducing the Purgatory, connects to the new multifunctional image of the otherworld formulated in the second half of the Twelfth Century. This representation will be used progressively in the iconography. The function of the altarpiece should be linked to the soteriologic project of the dean, where the chapel, also devoted to the archangel, operates both as a motif of social prestige and as an ideal setting of his utopia of salvation
Effect of hypophysectomy of young cockerels, with particular reference to body growth, liver weight, and liver glycogen level.

Abstract Several end-points were examined after hypophysectomy of cockerels at approximately 3 weeks of age. The final body weight and combined length of the shank and middle toe of hypophysectomized cockerels in preliminary experiments (Series 1) were 58 to 88% and 70 to 82%, respectively, of the control values at 3 to 8 weeks after pituitary removal. In later experiments (Series 2), the increases in body weight and shank-toe length of hypophysectomized cockerels were about 75 and 50%, respectively, of the control values during a 12-day period after operation when hypophysectomized cockerels consumed 22–23% less food ad libitum . When hypophysectomized cockerels were force-fed enough food to cause the same or greater body weight gains as controls fed ad libitum , there was still a considerable reduction in bone growth. Growth was observed in one experiment during two consecutive 12-day periods after removal of the pituitary. Hypophysectomy resulted in a 17% lesser body weight gain and a 32% lesser shank-toe increase than controls during the first 12-day period but the bone growth of hypophysectomized cockerels during the 13–24-day period was considerably less than during the 1–12-day period. Thyroxine stimulated bone growth of hypophysectomized cockerels during the first 12-day period to such a degree that the shank-toe increase was not different from intact controls but had a much lesser effect during the second 12-day period. The liver weights (as percentage of the body weight) of controls and hypophysectomized cockerels fed ad libitum were the same at 12 days after hypophysectomy, while the liver glycogen levels were more than doubled in the pituitaryless birds. Hypophysectomized cockerels force-fed enough food to cause the same or greater body weight gains as controls fed ad libitum had liver weights 55–56% greater than ad libitum controls and liver glycogen levels as much as 4.5 times the controls. Gonad weight, thyroid weight, and comb growth were all drastically less for hypophysectomized cockerels than for controls.
Series Josephson junction arrays as a high output voltage amplifier

We are investigating the potential of series arrays of nonhysteretic Josephson Junctions as high output voltage amplifiers. Such amplifiers may be useful in Josephson Junction-to-CMOS drivers in Superconductor/Semiconductor hybrid systems. The I-V curves of these arrays are sensitive to the nature and degree of coupling between the junctions in the array. The coupling is determined by the type and the value of the load as well as the junction capacitance (i.e. /spl beta//sub c/) Depending on the nature of the load, the junctions may lock in phase ("in-phase state") or couple such that the fundamental of the Josephson oscillations cancel ("anti-phase state"), suppressing the high frequency Josephson oscillations in the load. Using numerical simulations, we studied the stability of such states to various loads of interest and under static and dynamic drive conditions. >
Spectral Light Separator: The Subwavelength-size Device to Spectrally Decompose Light in an Efficient Way

We exploit the unique properties of deep-subwavelength resonant apertures in a metallic film to design an extremely efficient, subwavelength-size device to decompose light into its spectral components with negligible spectral crosstalk and without spatial coregistration errors.
Lateral Dispersal of Adult Aquatic Insects (Plecoptera, Trichoptera) following Emergence from Headwater Streams in Forested Appalachian Catchments

We monitored the lateral dispersal of adult Plecoptera and Trichoptera following emergence from 4 headwater streams that drain adjoining forested catchments on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia. We assessed these dispersal distances to examine the lateral distance traveled by particular taxa and the variation in these distances among streams. The number of adults captured decreased with distance from a stream for 16 of the 17 more common plecopteran and trichopteran taxa. The 16 taxa had mean maximal lateral dispersal distances of from 44.1 m for Homoplectra monticola (Flint) to 81.4 m for Leuctra spp. These distances are generally <1/2 the median distance of 301 m between adjacent headwater streams in this region. This suggests that direct lateral dispersal of adults among headwater streams may be relatively uncommon for many species.
Synthesis of First- and Second-Generation Poly(amide)-Dendronized Polymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

First- and second-generation Newkome-type dendronized norbornene macromonomers were synthesized and polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). In the case of the second-generation macromonomer, the rate of polymerization was highly dependent on the initial concentration of the macromonomer; quasi-quantitative polymerization was only achieved when the concentration was higher than 50 mM. Adding a linker between the polymerizable group and the dendron increased the rate of polymerization and it was possible to reach quantitative conversions at lower concentration. Doubling the length of the linker further improved the polymerization to a rate comparable with the polymerization of the first-generation dendronized macromonomer. The dendronized polymers presented herein consist of a poly(amide)-based dendron attached to the poly(norbornene) backbone. Because of the properties of these components such as biocompatibility, we foresee these polymers having possible applications in therapeutics.
Jonathan Edwards on the Sense of the Heart

The reputation of Jonathan Edwards, impressive though it is, rests upon only a fragmentary representation of the range or profundity of his thinking. Harassed by events and controversies, he was forced repeatedly to put aside his real work and to expend his energies in turning out sermons, defenses of the Great Awakening, or theological polemics. Only two of his published books (and those the shortest), The Nature of True Virtue and The End for which God Created the World, were not ad hoc productions. Even The Freedom of the Will is primarily a dispute, aimed at silencing the enemy rather than expounding a philosophy. He died with his Summa still a mass of notes in a bundle of home-made folios, the handwriting barely legible. The conventional estimate that Edwards was America's greatest metaphysical genius is a tribute to his youthful Notes on the Mind — which were a crude forecast of the system at which he labored for the rest of his days — and to a few incidental flashes that illumine his forensic argumentations. The American mind is immeasurably the poorer that he was not permitted to bring into order his accumulated meditations.
Second-order Poisson-Nernst-Planck solver for ion transport

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory is a simplified continuum model for a wide variety of chemical, physical and biological applications. Its ability of providing quantitative explanation and increasingly qualitative predictions of experimental measurements has earned itself much recognition in the research community. Numerous computational algorithms have been constructed for the solution of the PNP equations. However, in the realistic ion-channel context, no second-order convergent PNP algorithm has ever been reported in the literature, due to many numerical obstacles, including discontinuous coefficients, singular charges, geometric singularities, and nonlinear couplings. The present work introduces a number of numerical algorithms to overcome the abovementioned numerical challenges and constructs the first second-order convergent PNP solver in the ion-channel context. First, a Dirichlet to Neumann mapping (DNM) algorithm is designed to alleviate the charge singularity due to the protein structure. Additionally, the matched interface and boundary (MIB) method is reformulated for solving the PNP equations. The MIB method systematically enforces the interface jump conditions and achieves the second order accuracy in the presence of complex geometry and geometric singularities of molecular surfaces. Moreover, two iterative schemes are utilized to deal with the coupled nonlinear equations. Furthermore, extensive and rigorous numerical validations are carried out over a number of geometries, including a sphere, two proteins and an ion channel, to examine the numerical accuracy and convergence order of the present numerical algorithms. Finally, application is considered to a real transmembrane protein, the Gramicidin A channel protein. The performance of the proposed numerical techniques is tested against a number of factors, including mesh sizes, diffusion coefficient profiles, iterative schemes, ion concentrations, and applied voltages. Numerical predictions are compared with experimental measurements.
Adverse inpatient outcomes during the transition to a new electronic health record system: observational study

Objective To assess the short term association of inpatient implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) with patient outcomes of mortality, readmissions, and adverse safety events. Design Observational study with difference-in-differences analysis. Setting Medicare, 2011-12. Participants Patients admitted to 17 study hospitals with a verifiable “go live” date for implementation of inpatient EHRs during 2011-12, and 399 control hospitals in the same hospital referral region. Main outcome measures All cause readmission within 30 days of discharge, all cause mortality within 30 days of admission, and adverse safety events as defined by the patient safety for selected indicators (PSI)-90 composite measure among Medicare beneficiaries admitted to one of these hospitals 90 days before and 90 days after implementation of the EHRs (n=28 235 and 26 453 admissions), compared with the control group of all contemporaneous admissions to hospitals in the same hospital referral region (n=284 632 and 276 513 admissions). Analyses were adjusted for beneficiaries’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results Before and after implementation, characteristics of admissions were similar in both study and control hospitals. Among study hospitals, unadjusted 30 day mortality (6.74% to 7.15%, P=0.06) and adverse safety event rates (10.5 to 11.4 events per 1000 admissions, P=0.34) did not significantly change after implementation of EHRs. There was an unadjusted decrease in 30 day readmission rates, from 19.9% to 19.0% post-implementation (P=0.02). In difference-in-differences analysis, however, there was no significant change in any outcome between pre-implementation and post-implementation periods (all P≥0.13). Conclusions Despite concerns that implementation of EHRs might adversely impact patient care during the acute transition period, we found no overall negative association of such implementation on short term inpatient mortality, adverse safety events, or readmissions in the Medicare population across 17 US hospitals.
Basic Concepts of Ca2+ Signaling in Cells and Tissues

Living tissues are complex organizations of individual cells and to perform their specific functions the activity of each cell within the tissue must be regulated in a coordinated manner. The mechanisms through which this regulation occurs can be equally complex, but a common way to exert control is via neural transmission or hormonal stimulation. Irrespective of the organization of the extracellular control system, the regulatory signals need to be translated into an intracellular messenger that can modulate the cellular processes. Again, there are a variety of intracellular messengers that achieve this aim, including cAMP, cGMP and NO, but here we focus on the calcium ion as the internal messenger. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the basic mechanisms of how Ca2+ serves as a signaling messenger. For greater detail, the reader must refer to the many extensive reviews (for example, Berridge et al., 2003; Berridge et al., 2002). The details of the individual mechanisms are extremely important since they can confer specificity on the signaling model. As a result, model simulations of Ca2+ signaling are most useful when the model is designed for a specific cell type and sufficient experimental detail can be incorporated.
Mapping Forest Structure and Composition from Low-Density LiDAR for Informed Forest, Fuel, and Fire Management at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA

AbstractEglin Air Force Base (AFB) in Florida, in the United States, conserves a large reservoir of native longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands that land managers maintain by using frequent fires. We predicted tree density, basal area, and dominant tree species from 195 forest inventory plots, low-density airborne LiDAR, and Landsat data available across the entirety of Eglin AFB. We used the Random Forests (RF) machine learning algorithm to predict the 3 overstory responses via univariate regression or classification, or multivariate k-NN imputation. Ten predictor variables explained ∼ 50% of variation and were used in all models. Model accuracy and precision statistics were similar among the various RF approaches, so we chose the imputation approach for its advantage of allowing prediction of the ancillary plot attributes of surface fuels and ground cover plant species richness. Maps of the 3 overstory response variables and ancillary attributes were imputed at 30-m resolution and then aggregate...
Hans Eysenck's theory of intelligence, and what it reveals about him

Abstract Hans Eysenck was a highly analytical, objective, independent-minded experimentalist. He personified the biological perspective of the Galton–Spearman ‘London School of Psychology’, which he led for many decades. His first (1939) and last publications (1998) were on intelligence. Returning to the topic in the 1960s, he formulated, tested, and promulgated the theory that general intelligence (g) is a biological phenomenon with broad social consequences. I examine the status of Eysenck's theory, advances in the field, and social reactions to them during the 1960s–1970s, 1980s–1990s, and since 2000. My perspective is that of a sociologist who, in testing alternative theories of social inequality, was drawn inexorably into the intelligence literature, policy debates over fairness in employee selection, and first-hand observation of the sort of controversies he experienced. Eysenck's 1979 and 1998 textbooks on intelligence mark developments in his theory and supporting evidence during the first two periods. They exhibit considerable knowledge about the philosophy and history of science, and the nature of scientific controversy. Advances in intelligence since 2000, in particular, from neuroimaging and molecular genetics, vindicate his biological perspective. It was controversial during his lifetime because he was so far ahead of his time.
Supervisor–Subordinate Communication

Effective supervisor–subordinate communication is foundational for member productivity and satisfaction as well as the success and long-term viability of organizations. Supervisor–subordinate interaction serves many functions including information distribution, goal setting, employee development, task coordination, and relationship and commitment building. Research has focused on supervisor characteristics, qualities of the supervisor–subordinate relationship, communication processes and outcomes. Negotiations between supervisors and subordinates also influence role characteristics, role performance, work–life balance, and worker–supervisor satisfaction. Keywords: leadership; organizational behavior; organizational communication; organizational theory; work–life balance; workplace communication
Spectrum of Phenotypic Manifestations of a Novel c1339A>C, pS447R Germline GATA2 Mutation

Abstract Background: Haploinsufficiency of GATA2 results in familial immunodeficiency and MDS/ AML. We identified a family with a novel c1339A>C, pS447R germline GATA2 mutation. Unlike most other disease-causing GATA2 mutations, this mutation occurred in the non-zinc finger domain. Methods: After due IRB approval, clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively abstracted. Results: Seven family members with the mutation are being followed at our institution. (Table 1), of whom two have MDS, one MDS/AML and one with isolated neutropenia. At the time of diagnosis 5/7(71%) pt had decreased monocyte count. 4/7(57%) patients had decreased NK cell count and/or function. Only 1/7(14%) patient had decreased CD4 count. 3/7(42%) patients had reduced B cell numbers and 5/7(71%) patients had persistent HPV warts. Other infections include invasive Absidia sinusitis, infectious mononucleosis, pertussis, and blood stream infections with S. maltophilia and S.aureus. One patient had the Emberger’s syndrome presenting with lymphedema and congenital pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary manifestation included a patient each with decreased DCLO and hyperreactive airway disease. Genitourinary manifestations included pelvic kidney/dysplastic kidney, posterior urethral valve, dermoid cyst and hydrocele. Two female patients developed primary infertility. One patient had a history of appendicular carcinoid. 4/7(57%) patients have successfully undergone allogenic stem-cell transplantation. Conclusion: Germline GATA2 mutations are associated with a high frequency of MDS/AML. We describe a family with a non-zinc finger GATA2 mutation causing MDS/AML, with a spectrum of hematological and non-hematological manifestations, once again, highlighting the heterogeneity of this syndrome and expanding the genotype-phenotype correlation in this disease. Abstract 5614. Table . # Age/sex Hem D Abso . Mono Count Abso . CD4 T Cell NK cyto-toxicity Abso . NK Count Abso . B cell Count Infectious Derm Coag/Vascular CVS/Lung Others No.1 37/M AML Severely Decreased Normal Absent Severely Decreased Absent Absidia S.maltop- hilia S.aureus HPV Warts ITP - Hydrocele 10 hyperparathyroidism No.2 31/F MDS Decreased Normal Absent Decreased Normal Infectious Mono HPV Warts - Hyper- reactive airway Infertility No.3 17/F MDS Severely Decreased Normal Unknown Decreased Decreased Herpes stomatitis HPV Warts - Dec-DCLO Posterior urethral valve No.4 9/M Neutropenia Severely Decreased Normal Normal Normal Normal HSV-1 HPV Warts Embergers syndrome Pul. Stenosis Congenital dysplastic Rt. Kidney Pelvic Lt. Kidney No.5 31/F - Decreased Normal Decreased Normal Normal - - Qualitative platelet defect None Infertility No.6 35/F - Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased Pertussis HPV Warts - - Dermoid appendicular carcinoid No.7 56/F - Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Frequent PNA - - - - Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effect of flue gas components on the adsorption of sulfur oxides on CaO(1 0 0)

Abstract Due to the prevalence of coal combustion technologies utilizing calcium-based materials, it is important to understand the varied reactions between the flue gas species and these calcium-based materials. Of particular importance is the reaction between sulfur oxides (SO 2 or SO 3 ) and calcium oxide (CaO), which plays an important role in sulfur retention on fly ash during oxy-coal combustion or carbon capture with calcium looping. To better understand these reactions, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed investigating SO x binding to CaO surfaces functionalized by other flue gas components. Analyses of the energetic, geometric and electronic nature of the modeled systems were conducted. Generally, the most stable conformation on the surface is in the form of either a sulfite- or sulfate-like structure. Water can have an effect on sulfur binding by introducing other favorable intermediate conformations, while carbon dioxide could negatively impact adsorption by weakening sulfur-surface bonds.
Speech and Silence in American Law: Anonymity, Signaling, and Silence as Speech

This short article responds to a paper delivered by Professor Martin Redish at a symposium on Speech and Silence in American Law at the University of Alabama School of Law; the symposium proceedings will be published by Cambridge University Press. Professor Redish's paper argues for the elimination of First Amendment protection for expressive anonymity in certain cases involving political fraud.This response offers both clarifications and criticisms of Professor Redish's argument. It argues by way of clarification that the general category of "anonymity" is too broad to support useful analysis. Rather, we must consider the implications for Professor Redish's argument of at least two categories of speech: anonymous and pseudonymous speech. I show that even if we accept Professor Redish's account of the dangers of anonymous politically fraudulent speech, our concerns and prescriptions will vary greatly depending on what sort of "anonymous" speech we are talking about. Drawing on signaling theory, this response also offers a more critical treatment of Professor Redish's argument for the prohibition of some forms of anonymous speech. Signaling theory suggests that anonymous speech is not accurately characterized as part of the right of silence; instead, as an attributional decision that sends important signals about the reliability of the speech and the speaker, the choice of anonymity in fact constitutes a highly expressive form of speech. The signaling function of these attribution choices also suggests that Professor Redish's concerns about the misleading nature of anonymous politically fraudulent speech, and his recommendation that we curtail protection for this form of speech, are overstated.The signaling-based account of anonymity as speech has two subsidiary implications. First, contrary to Professor Redish's suggestion, it is impossible to disaggregate the rights of expressive and associational anonymity. Second, this account supports the argument of many writers that the Supreme Court ought to strongly reconsider its tangled jurisprudence concerning the permissibility of mandatory disclosure rules in the campaign finance laws, which is in tension with what the Court has written about anonymous speech in other contexts.
Inner World Learnings

This chapter is about an important truth I learned from studying my own life. Given the pain and struggle I had as a child and young person, despite the fact that I was growing up in a “regular” household with well-meaning and caring parents, I had to study my life closely to really understand why I was having such difficulties. It is no coincidence that I ended up becoming a psychotherapist.
Transposase-mediated gene modulation in the placenta.

Abstract The placenta is an organ vital to fetal development as well as the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy and plays a crucial role in developmental programming of the fetus. The mechanisms that link intrauterine milieu, fetal health and disease development later in life are poorly understood. Placenta-specific gene modulation, both by generating transgenic animals as well as by developing methods for in vivo genetic modifications is a growing area of interest as this approach provides the opportunity to investigate the role of particular genes or gene networks in regulating placental function and fetal growth. Furthermore, in vivo placental gene transfer may be adapted to treat humans in the future and could be used as an early intervention strategy for a wide range of pregnancy complications. This review is an overview of transposase-based methods available for both transgenic animal generation and in vivo placental gene modifications with an emphasis on piggyBac-based systems.
Incidence and predictors of osteoporotic fractures in patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a population-based nested case-control study.

SummaryBackground Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are inconsistently associated with osteoporotic fractures. Barrett's oesophagus (BO) patients are treated with high PPI doses for prolonged periods, but there are limited data on the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in this group pf patients. Aim To estimate the incidence of (and risk factors for) low bone mass (osteoporosis and/or osteopenia) related fractures in a population-based BO cohort. Methods All subjects with BO and a diagnosis of osteoporosis and fractures were identified using Rochester Epidemiology Project resources. The incidence rates of all and osteoporotic fractures in these subjects were compared to an age- and gender similar population in Olmsted County to determine standardised incidence ratios (SIR). Predictors were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Five hundred and twenty-one patients were included (median [IQR] age 61 [52, 72] years; 398 [76%] men) of whom 113 (21.7%) had fractures, and 46 (8.8%) had osteoporotic fractures. The incidence of all fractures and osteoporotic fractures was comparable to that of an age- and gender-matched population (SIR 1.09; 95% CI 0.92-1.29: SIR 1.05; 95% CI 0.85-1.29). PPI use, dose or duration of use was not associated with osteoporotic fracture risk (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.12-6.39). Independent risk factors for osteoporotic fractures included older age, female gender and higher co-morbidity index. Conclusions The incidence of osteoporotic fractures was not increased in BO patients compared to the general population. In addition, PPI use was not associated with increased fracture risk regardless of the duration of therapy or dose.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency with Fields Spectrally Broadened by Phase Noise

Electromagnetically induced transparency [1, 2] or EIT is an important nonlinear optical effect with wide ranging applications from slow light [3, 4] to sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging [5]. The most striking feature is the presence of zero (or low) absorption of a probe laser when it is exactly on resonance. In addition to the greatly reduced absorption is greatly enhanced normal dispersion on resonance. It is this steep dispersion coupled with low absorption that makes the system so rich.
Germination and Seedling Development

The responses of cotton (Gossypium spp.) seeds to the germination environment depend upon (1) the point in the germination-through-emergence sequence at which conditions cease to promote germination and seedling development, (2) the magnitude and duration of the deviations from conditions promotive of germination, and (3) seedling development ‘success’ potentials determined by the genetic and seed vigor of a particular cotton seed lot and genotype. Suboptimal environmental factors, both abiotic and biotic, modulate, delay, or terminate cotton seed germination and seedling development during any of the four universal phases of seed germination: (1) imbibition, (2) mobilization of seed reserves (cotyledonary lipids and proteins in cotton), (3) radicle protrusion and elongation through resumption of cell division, and (4) hypocotyls and cotyledon emergence above the soil with the shift from metabolic dependence on seed storage compounds to photosynthetic autotrophy. In cotton and other oilseeds, cotyledonary lipid mobilization depends upon subcellular organelle-cooperativity and membrane-transport phenomena elucidated as the gluconeogenic glyoxylate cycle of oilseed species.
Sostdc1 Regulates NK Cell Maturation and Cytotoxicity.

NK cells are innate-like lymphocytes that eliminate virally infected and cancerous cells, but the mechanisms that control NK cell development and cytotoxicity are incompletely understood. We identified roles for sclerostin domain-containing-1 (Sostdc1) in NK cell development and function. Sostdc1-knockout (Sostdc1 -/-) mice display a progressive accumulation of transitional NK cells (tNKs) (CD27+CD11b+) with age, indicating a partial developmental block. The NK cell Ly49 repertoire in Sostdc1 -/- mice is also changed. Lower frequencies of Sostdc1 -/- splenic tNKs express inhibitory Ly49G2 receptors, but higher frequencies express activating Ly49H and Ly49D receptors. However, the frequencies of Ly49I+, G2+, H+, and D+ populations were universally decreased at the most mature (CD27-CD11b+) stage. We hypothesized that the Ly49 repertoire in Sostdc1 -/- mice would correlate with NK killing ability and observed that Sostdc1-/- NK cells are hyporesponsive against MHC class I-deficient cell targets in vitro and in vivo, despite higher CD107a surface levels and similar IFN-γ expression to controls. Consistent with Sostdc1's known role in Wnt signaling regulation, Tcf7 and Lef1 levels were higher in Sostdc1 -/- NK cells. Expression of the NK development gene Id2 was decreased in Sostdc1-/- immature NK and tNK cells, but Eomes and Tbx21 expression was unaffected. Reciprocal bone marrow transplant experiments showed that Sostdc1 regulates NK cell maturation and expression of Ly49 receptors in a cell-extrinsic fashion from both nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic sources. Taken together, these data support a role for Sostdc1 in the regulation of NK cell maturation and cytotoxicity, and identify potential NK cell niches.
Fallacies in Reasoning: Part 1

In this report, I would like to delve into the treacherous and unforgiving fallas sea (pun intended), a region of analysis where all hypotheses are subject to the Draconian test of logical estimation. In the search for the presence of falseness biases are exposed and hitherto comforting propositions which seemingly cover a supposed truth are eroded away leaving gaping holes and even unbridgeable gaps in the assumption of veracity. In other words a search for fallacies can be a refreshing exercise for critics and a withering one for authors who have failed to think through their positions. In everyday activities fallacies are rife in all measures of reasoning and in fact are crucial for existing in the world without becoming suffocated by anxiety. After all, many rationalizations are really fallacies and yet belief in them can get one through the day. For example we want to believe that we were lucky when our car was totaled but we weren’t hurt even though the persons luckier than we weren’t even in the auto accident. What a relief to escape injury but your equanimity has been disrupted while others not involved nary give it a thought. We want to believe that every cloud has a silver lining, that wishing and hoping will make something good happen even though that sensibility alone will not influence external events. In that context, fallacies give us buoyancy even though they are often full of baloney.