cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FPGA-based time-to-digital converter for time-of-flight PET detector

We have developed a FPGA-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) that can be used for a TOF-PET block detector based on silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photodetectors. The tapped delay line (TDL) method implemented with a dedicated carry chain structure was used to measure short time intervals. The proposed TDC, implemented in a Spartan-6 FPGA, consists of a fine time measurement block, a coarse counter, a ring oscillator and a multiplexer. The ring oscillator generates a delay chain related frequency which is used to compensate process, voltage and temperature (PVT) effects in real-time without causing dead-time in the TDC. The multiplexer allows multiple channels to share the same delay chain which effectively reduces the amount of FPGA resources. As the TDC is implemented in an shared FPGA device, which already exists in a data acquisition system (DAQ), TOF capability can be implemented easily without requiring more resources. The performance of our proposed TDC was first measured with two input pulses which were generated from a pulse generator but with different delay lengths. Timing resolution of a TDC channel is 41.6 ± 1.1 ps FWHM (17.7 ± 0.5 ps RMS). The proposed TDC was also used to measure the timing resolution of a pair of TOF-PET detector with a Hamamatsu MPPC coupled to a 3 mm × 3 mm face of a 2 mm × 2 mm × 3 mm LYSO crystal. The measured coincidence time resolution was 197 ± 4 ps FWHM which agreed with the value measured by a high speed oscilloscope (195 ± 7 ps FWHM). These results verify the feasibility of our TDC for TOF-PET applications.
Outcomes after Motor Vehicle Trauma: Transfers to Level I Trauma Centers Compared with Direct Admissions

Abstract Background The multilevel designation system given to U.S. trauma centers has proven useful in providing injury-level-appropriate care and guiding field triage. Despite the system, patients are often transferred to Level I trauma centers for higher-level care/specialized services. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess whether there is a difference in outcomes of patients transferred to Level I centers compared with direct admissions. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to identify patients involved in motor vehicle accidents, using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification E-codes. Patients that were admitted to Level I trauma centers were identified using American College of Surgeons or American Trauma Society designations. Results There were 343,868 patients that met inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 29.2% (100,297) were admitted to Level I trauma centers, 5.7% (5691) of which were identified as trauma transfers. The lead admitting diagnosis for transfers was pelvic fracture (11.5%). Caucasians were 2.62 times as likely to be transferred as African-Americans (confidence interval 2.32–2.97), and 3.71 times as likely as Hispanics (confidence interval 3.25–4.23). Despite transfer patients having higher adjusted severity scores and higher adjusted risk of mortality, there were no differences in mortality ( p = 0.95). Conclusions Nationally, trauma transfers do not have an increase in mortality when compared with directly admitted patients, despite a higher adjusted severity of illness and higher adjusted risk of mortality.
Mechanisms of Polycythemia

Polycythemia in man is defined as an increase in the hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration above accepted normal values. As such, the finding of polycythemia implies the increased production of erythrocytes. Since red cell production is governed normally by interaction of oxygen (O2) availability, the elaboration of the regulatory hormone, erythropoietin, and marrow function, it is not surprising that derangements in these interrelationships account for virtually all causes of polycythemia. This chapter summarizes briefly various aspects of the regulation of red cell production and focuses on those identified mechanisms which lead to polycythemia.
Linguistically Responsive Professional Development: An Apprenticeship Model.

Across the globe, schools serve students from increasingly diverse backgrounds, including those still learning the dominant language. But schools have struggled to maintain pace with the changing p...
Reconciling the Promise and Pragmatics of Enhancing Computing Pedagogy with Data Science

Data science keeps growing in popularity as an introductory computing experience, in which students answer real-world questions by processing data. Armed with carefully prepared pedagogical datasets, computing educators can contextualize assignments and projects in societally meaningful ways, thereby benefiting students' long-term professional careers. However, integrating data science into introductory computing courses requires that the datasets be sufficiently complex, follow appropriate organizational structure, and possess ample documentation. Moreover, the impact of a data science context on students' motivation remains poorly understood. To address these issues, we have created an open-sourced manual for developing pedagogical datasets (freely available at https://think.cs.vt.edu/pragmatics). Structured as a collection of patterns, this manual shares the expertise that we have gained over the last several years, collecting and curating a large collection of real-world datasets, used in a dozen of universities worldwide. We also present new evidence confirming the efficacy of integrating data science in an introductory computing course. As a significant extension of our ongoing work, this study not only validates existing positive assessment, but also provides fine-grained nuance to the potential of data science as a motivational educational element.
Usefulness of Pulmonary Arterial End-Diastolic Forward Flow Late After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair to Predict a "Restrictive" Right Ventricle.

The functional significance of pulmonary arterial end-diastolic forward flow (EDFF) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) is not fully understood, with conflicting reports regarding its associations with pulmonary regurgitation (PR), right ventricular (RV) size and function, and so-called restrictive RV physiology. To examine these associations, we retrospectively analyzed 399 patients with rTOF who had contemporaneous echocardiography (Echo) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies. The median age at TOF repair was 0.7 years (0.21, 2.66), age at CMR was 19.8 years (13.0, 29.4), and interval between Echo and CMR was 48 days (0, 182). Doppler identified EDFF in 122 (31%) patients and CMR in 113 patients (28%). Compared with those without EDFF, patients with EDFF were younger, had greater PR, and higher RV end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction. Markers of RV restriction such as right atrial size did not differ between groups. On multivariable regression, EDFF was associated with higher RV stroke volume and lower left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The association between Echo and CMR measurements of EDFF was modest (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.684, r = 0.374, p
Superconductivity in the 2-Dimensional Homologous Series AMmBi3Q5+m (m=1, 2) (A=Rb, Cs; M=Pb, Sn; Q=Se, Te)

Superconductivity in the two-dimensional AMm Bi3 Q5+m family of semimetals is reported. The AMBi3 Te6 (m=1) and AM2 Bi3 Te7 (m=2) members of the homologous series with A=Rb, Cs and M=Pb, Sn undergo a bulk superconducting transition ranging from 2.7 to 1.4 K depending on the composition. The estimated superconducting volume fraction is about 90 %. Superconducting phase diagrams as a function of chemical pressure are constructed for the solid solution products of each member of the homologous series, AMBi3-x Sbx Te6-y Sey and AM2 Bi3-x Sbx Te7-y Sey (0≤x≤3 or 0≤y≤2). The structural flexibility of the ternary AMm M'3 Te5+m semiconducting homology to form isostructural analogues with a variety of metals, M=Pb, Sn; M'=Bi, Sb, gives access to a large number of electronic configurations and superconductivity due to chemical pressure effects.
A systematic approach to high-fidelity modeling and efficient simulation of supercritical fluid mixing and combustion

Abstract Advances in fluid-flow modeling and simulation techniques over the past two decades have improved understanding of the intricate flow physics and combustion dynamics in the supercritical regime. However, there remain many numerical issues to be addressed, including turbulence closure modeling, combustion modeling, and the evaluation of real-fluid thermodynamic and transport properties. The challenges can be broadly categorized into two areas: (1) achieving highly accurate simulation through inclusion of all the necessary physics and (2) developing a computationally efficient framework to achieve simulation results in a reasonable turnaround time. This paper investigates these challenges and presents a systematic approach to achieve high-fidelity and efficient simulation of supercritical fluid mixing and combustion using large-eddy simulation (LES) techniques. The unresolved subgrid-scale (SGS) term in the filtered equation of state (EOS), which is generally neglected for ideal gases, becomes significant for real fluids, especially in regions of strong property gradients at supercritical conditions. The relative error for the filtered density can reach up to 40%, and this uncertainty can propagate and contaminate calculations of the conservation equations. Two closure models for the SGS term in the EOS are proposed: a gradient-based and a mixing-based approach. Both approaches reduce the modeling error considerably. Flamelet-based combustion models are also examined at supercritical conditions. The probability density functions (PDFs) for mixture fraction and scalar dissipation rate are evaluated using a data-driven approach. The presumed beta-function distribution accurately describes the PDF of the mixture fraction at low mixture fraction variance, but deviates at high variance (> 0.01). The lognormal distribution can capture the shape of the extracted PDF of the scalar dissipation rate but underestimates the peak value. An alternative combustion model using finite-rate chemistry integrated with dynamic adaptive chemistry and correlated transport is developed, rendering a computationally efficient and affordable framework. The efficiency of evaluating real-fluid thermodynamic and transport properties, a computationally expensive procedure, is dramatically enhanced using tabulation and correlated dynamic evaluation techniques. Finally, suggestions are provided regarding opportunities for future research.
25 years of heavy axle load railway subgrade research at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST)

Abstract This paper presents a summary of more than two decades of heavy axle load (HAL) railway subgrade research conducted at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST). Railway subgrade, if inadequate and not reinforced/improved, can deform and fail progressively, causing significant track geometry degradation under HAL train operations. To understand how railway subgrade behaves under HAL and develop guidelines for design, maintenance and remediation, a number of tests were conducted in multiple phases at FAST to determine how a “soft” subgrade test section would affect track performance and to evaluate remediation methods that can be used to improve soft subgrade support for HAL train operations. Since its inception in the early 1990s, this subgrade testing program has produced a body of knowledge about railway subgrade behavior under 35.4-tonne axle loads. In addition to generating track degradation and maintenance demand data, the testing program provided valuable insight into the relationship between subgrade behavior and track performance. Results were obtained to understand how wheel loads were transferred to the subgrade, subgrade failure mechanisms, and how various soft subgrade remediation techniques performed.
Chronic adolescent stress sex-specifically alters central and peripheral neuro-immune reactivity in rats

Abstract Adversity during development is a reliable predictor of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety which are increasingly recognized to have an immune component. We have previously demonstrated that chronic adolescent stress (CAS) in rats leads to depressive-like behavior in adulthood along with long-lasting changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction in the hippocampus. However, the mechanisms by which CAS promotes hippocampal inflammation are not yet defined. Here we tested the hypothesis that a history of CAS exaggerates induction of the pro-inflammatory NFκB pathway in the adult rat hippocampus without compromising the peripheral immune response. We also assessed potential sex differences because it is unclear whether females, who are twice as likely to suffer from mood disorders as males, are disproportionally affected by stress-primed inflammation. Male and female adolescent rats underwent a CAS paradigm or received no stress. Six weeks following the last stressor, all rats received a single systemic injection of either lipopolysaccharide or vehicle to unmask possible immune-priming effects of CAS. An NFκB signaling PCR array demonstrated that CAS exaggerated the expression of NFκB-related genes in the hippocampus of both males and females. Interestingly, targeted qPCR demonstrated that CAS potentiated the induction of hippocampal IL1B and REL mRNA in female rats only, suggesting that some immune effects of CAS are indeed sex-specific. In contrast to the hippocampal findings, indices of peripheral inflammation such as NFκB activity in the spleen, plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and corticosterone were not impacted by CAS in female rats. Despite showing no pro-inflammatory changes to hippocampal mRNA, male CAS rats displayed lower plasma corticosterone response to LPS at 2 h after injection followed by an exaggerated plasma IL-1β response at 4 h. This potentially blunted corticosterone response coupled with excessive innate immune signaling in the periphery is consistent with possible glucocorticoid resistance in males. In contrast, the effects of CAS manifested as excessive hippocampal immune reactivity in females. We conclude that while a history of exposure to chronic adolescent stress enhances adult immune reactivity in both males and females, the mechanism and manifestation of such alterations are sex-specific.
Complete Sternal-Sparing LVAD Implantation is a Safe and Effective Technique for Obese Patients

Purpose Obese patients supported by continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have comparable outcomes to those with a normal BMI. However, cardiac surgery in obese patients is associated with increased procedural complexity and morbidity. We describe our early outcomes using the complete sternal-sparing (CSS) approach for HeartMate 3 (HM3) implantation in obese patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all commercial HM3 implants at our institution through September 2018. Patients were separated into two groups based on BMI Results Of the 41 patients who underwent complete sternal sparing HM3 implantation, 18 (44%) were obese. The non-obese cohort had an average BMI of 24.8 ±2.8 compared to the obese cohort average BMI of 37.2 ±5.9. Six patients (15%) were extremely obese (BMI >40) (Figure). Preoperative characteristics and illness severity were similar between patient cohorts including > 39% of INTERMACS 1 patients in each group (Table). There was no significant difference in intraoperative data or early clinical outcomes. Both obese and non-obese patients demonstrated similar intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. There was no difference in 30-day survival or 30-day readmission rate. Conclusion The CSS approach is a safe and effective technique for LVAD implantation in obese patients. There is no increased risk of morbidity or mortality between obese and non-obese patients implanted with the HM3 LVAD using the CSS approach.
Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use is highly prevalent in multiple myeloma patients and is improved by a collaborative physician-pharmacist clinic

ObjectiveTo compare polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in multiple myeloma patients receiving care under a traditional, physician-managed, or collaborative physician–pharmaci...
Polyphosphate, Zn2+ and high molecular weight kininogen modulate individual reactions of the contact pathway of blood clotting.

Background Inorganic polyphosphate modulates the contact pathway of blood clotting, which is implicated in thrombosis and inflammation. Polyphosphate polymer lengths are highly variable, with shorter polymers (approximately 60-100 phosphates) secreted from human platelets, and longer polymers (up to thousands of phosphates) in microbes. We previously reported that optimal triggering of clotting via the contact pathway requires very long polyphosphates, although the impact of shorter polyphosphate polymers on individual proteolytic reactions of the contact pathway was not interrogated. Objectives and methods We conducted in vitro measurements of enzyme kinetics to investigate the ability of varying polyphosphate sizes, together with high molecular weight kininogen and Zn2+ , to mediate four individual proteolytic reactions of the contact pathway: factor XII autoactivation, factor XII activation by kallikrein, prekallikrein activation by factor XIIa, and prekallikrein autoactivation. Results The individual contact pathway reactions were differentially dependent on polyphosphate length. Very long-chain polyphosphate was required to support factor XII autoactivation, whereas platelet-size polyphosphate significantly accelerated the activation of factor XII by kallikrein, and the activation of prekallikrein by factor XIIa. Intriguingly, polyphosphate did not support prekallikrein autoactivation. We also report that high molecular weight kininogen was required only when kallikrein was the enzyme (ie, FXII activation by kallikrein), whereas Zn2+ was required only when FXII was the substrate (ie, FXII activation by either kallikrein or FXIIa). Activation of prekallikrein by FXIIa required neither Zn2+ nor high molecular weight kininogen. Conclusions Platelet polyphosphate and Zn2+ can promote subsets of the reactions of the contact pathway, with implications for a variety of disease states.
1997 Evolution of species′ range – theory

Abstract The geographical range of a species is often thought to be determined by resource requirements, physical habitat limitations, or competitors. However, species can also adapt to these limiting factors and expand their range. Kirkpatrick and Barton (1997) point out that migration from the center of a species' distribution may overwhelm populations on the periphery and prevent adaptation. Kirkpatrick and Barton's theory explores the conditions under which this may occur.
Analyzing and Modeling In-Storage Computing Workloads On EISC — An FPGA-Based System-Level Emulation Platform

Storage drive technology has made continuous improvements over the last decade, shifting the bottleneck of the data processing system from the storage drive to host/drive interconnection. To overcome this “data movement wall,” people have proposed in-storage computing (ISC) architectures which add the computing unit directly into the storage drive. Rather than moving data from drive to host, it offloads computation from host to drive, thereby alleviating the interconnection bottleneck. Though existing work shows the effectiveness of ISC under some specific workloads, they have not tackled two critical issues: 1) ISC is still at the early research stage, and there is no available ISC device on the market. Researchers lack an effective way to accurately explore the benefits of ISC under different applications and different system parameters (drive performance and interconnection performance). 2) What kinds of applications can benefit from ISC, and what cannot? It is crucial to have a method to quickly discriminate between the types of applications before spending significant efforts to implement them. This paper gives a response to the above problems. First, we build a complete FPGA-based ISC emulation system to enable rapid exploration. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first open-source 11https://github.com/zainryan/EISC, publicly accessible ISC emulation system. Second, we use our system to evaluate 12 common applications. The results give us the basic criteria for choosing ISC-friendly applications. By assuming a general drive program construct, we provide further insights by building an analytical model which enables an accurate quantitative analysis.
Antifungal Compounds from Plants

Plants are an extremely rich source of diverse organic compounds which are antifungal. In general, the interest in such antifungal compounds depends upon the concentration required for activity and the biological spectrum of activity. Some of the compounds are preformed and are located in external plant tissues, i.e., bark, peel, and cuticle; others are located throughout the plant, often in vacuoles; and still others are produced by plants in response to physiological stress or infection. In the latter group are the phytoalexins, low molecular weight organic compounds produced by plants in response to infection or stress and localized at the site of infection or stress. This group of compounds is usually lipophilic and includes compounds as diverse as simple phenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, isocoumarins, sesquiterpenoids, polyenes, stilbenes, furanoterpenoids, and derivatives of these compounds. The levels of still another group of antifungal compounds are enhanced locally and systemically after infection or stress and a second infection often markedly enhances their levels. These are high molecular weight and include chitinases, s-l,3-glucanases, and thionins. A group of compounds, not directly antifungal, are the structural biopolymers which are localized at sites of infection or stress and which restrict fungal development in plants by forming barriers to fungal development, e.g., lignin, callose, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. Even compounds in vacuoles, which would not contact fungi in intact plant cells, can be liberated when cells collapse.
Clinical benefits of a nutrition-focused quality improvement intervention at a safety-net hospital gastrointestinal oncology clinic.

e19163Background: Patients with GI cancer have high rates of malnutrition related poor outcomes. In the GI Oncology clinic at Parkland Health and Hospital System (PHHS), a safety net hospital, the ...
Observation on the effect of decreasing postpartum hemorrhage by uterine massage in high risk pregnant women

Objective To observe the effect of lowing postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section by uterine massage in high risk pregnant women.Methods 400 pregnant women with high risk of postpartum hemorrhage including uterine inertia after cesarean section were randomly divided into control group and observation group (200 case for each group).After baby delivery, they all received oxytocin by intravenous injection. Uterine massage was used in the observation group every 15 minutes within 2 hours after cesarean section, and the massage was given until the uterine contraction returned to normal and preserved to decrease vaginal bleeding. While only checking and recording the information of uterine contraction and vaginal bleeding in the control group every 30 minutes in 2 hours after cesarean section expect for giving oxytocin. The incidence and volume of the postpartum hemorrhage in two groups were obtained in 24 hours after cesarean section.Results The incidence and volume of the postpartum hemorrhage were significantly lower in observation group than that in control group. Conclusion It is markedly effective to control the incidence and volume of the postpartum hemorrhage by uterine massage and intravenous injection oxytocin after cesarean section in high risk pregnant women, which is simple and safe to promote recovery of the pregnant women. Key words: Uterine massage; Postpartum hemorrhage; High risk pregnancy
Complement-Mediated Disorders in Pregnancy.

Complement-mediated disorders in pregnancy span a large spectrum and have been implicated in all three complement pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. Our understanding of these disorders in recent years has advanced due to a better understanding of complement regulatory proteins, such as complement factor H, complement factor I, membrane cofactor protein, and thrombomodulin that particularly affect the alternative complement pathway. Enthusiasm in genotyping for mutations that encode these proteins has allowed us to study the presence of genetic variants which may predispose women to develop conditions such as pregnancy-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (P-aHUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, preeclampsia/hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP), systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. The advent of the anti-C5-antibody eculizumab to quench the complement cascade has already proven in small case series to improve maternal kidney outcomes in complement-mediated obstetric catastrophes such as P-aHUS and HELLP. In this review, we will detail the pathogenesis behind these complement-mediated pregnancy disorders, the role of complement variants in disease phenotype, and the most up-to-date experience with eculizumab in this population.
Correlations Determined by Remote Experiment Used for Knowledge Transfer

Contribution: From the moment when universities began to talk about learning environment instead of classes and schools , a summative notion that entails knowledge transfer heralds an important stage of redefining the basic elements of learning. A learning environment requires the transition from learning rounding off toward open learning, without the limitations of time and space. Background: In this context, the present work attempts to examine the role of an instrument, namely, remote experiment (RE), and its application to draw attention to the pedagogical complexity embedded by this new experiential learning tool. Intended Outcomes: The objective is to prove that the transition from classical education with a defined location and geographical separation, to a modern e-learning education occurs by using the RE that contains all forms of knowledge. In addition, the operation tacitly and explicitly knowledge augments the importance of RE in applicative education as well as the didactic results in line with the industry requirements. Application Design: The convergent analysis method was used and emphasized the divergent content of knowledge acquired through the use of RE that is replete with a great creative potential. Findings: It is shown that its usage (a mix between software, hardware, and pedagogy) manages to address the students’ concerns through all ranges of knowledge that falls under a well-organized teaching system, can call. This underscores the importance of embedded knowledge that can expand students’ knowledge area in a happy manner.
Changes in lipid profiles of epileptic mouse model

Approximately 1% of the world’s population is impacted by epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. One-third of epileptic patients are resistant to AEDs, or have medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). One non-invasive treatment that exists for MRE includes the ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. Despite the KD’s success in seizure attenuation, it has a few risks and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. The KD has been shown to improve metabolism and mitochondrial function in epileptic phenotypes. Potassium channels have implications in epileptic conditions as they have dual roles as metabolic sensors and control neuronal excitation. The goal of this study was to explore changes in the lipidome in hippocampal and cortical tissue from Kv1.1-KO model of epilepsy. FT-ICR/MS analysis was utilized to examine nonpolar metabolome of cortical and hippocampal tissue isolated from a Kv1.1 channel knockout mouse model of epilepsy (n = 5) and wild-type mice (n = 5). Distinct metabolic profiles were observed, significant (p < 0.05) features in hippocampus often being upregulated (FC ≥ 2) and the cortex being downregulated (FC ≤ 0.5). Pathway enrichment analysis shows lipid biosynthesis was affected. Partition ratio analysis revealed that the ratio of most metabolites tended to be increased in Kv1.1−/−. Metabolites in hippocampal tissue were commonly upregulated, suggesting seizure initiation in the hippocampus. Aberrant mitochondrial function is implicated by the upregulation of cardiolipin, a common component in the mitochondrial membrane. Generally, our study finds that the lipidome is changed in the hippocampus and cortex in response to Kv1.1-KO indicating changes in membrane structural integrity and synaptic transmission.
Effects of formulation variables on the in vitro performance of testosterone transdermal gel.

Abstract The variation in the critical formulation variables during life-cycle of the drug product may result in undesirable changes in product performance. The current study aimed at evaluating the effects of formulation variables on the in vitro performance of carbopol-loaded testosterone gel. The formulation variables included concentrations of permeation enhancers, testosterone, ethanol, carbopol and sodium hydroxide. In vitro evaluation of the product performance included assessment of the rheological and morphological properties, kinetics of ethanol evaporation, and drug permeation through human cadaver skin. The results revealed that carbopol, sodium hydroxide and testosterone concentrations increased the viscosity of the gels significantly (p
Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches for Broad Ligament Fibroids

Study Objective Demonstration of different minimally invasive surgical approaches for broad ligament myoma Design N/A Setting University teaching hospital. Patients or Participants N/A Interventions Minimally invasive surgical approach was tailored according to the anatomical location of the fibroid, and the patients’ fertility desires. Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion Broad ligament myomas present a challenging situation to surgeons. Surgeons should tailor their approach according to the anatomical location of the myomas. MIS is a feasible and safe approach for surgical management of broad ligament myomas.
Physical Activity in Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Problem identification Physical activity, a precision health strategy, positively affects biopsychosocial health in adult cancer survivors. However, understanding its effects among young adult (YA) cancer survivors is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore existing research on physical activity in YA cancer survivors. Literature search CINAHL®, PubMed®, PsycINFO®, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched, producing 63 articles and 28 grey materials. Data evaluation Data extraction, guided by the revised symptom management model, included research aims, sample, design, primary outcome measures, and effects of physical activity. Synthesis Findings of 35 review articles were reported under three main categories. Implications for research Lack of clinical guidelines and limited research specific to YA cancer survivors hinders physical activity's use as a symptom management strategy. Research is needed that addresses the development and clinical implementation of physical activity guidelines.
Public Values in the Right Context

I am sympathetic to Avner de Shalit’s position that a political philosophy should incorporate public values, but I see their role differently. Philosophers of science standardly distinguish between...
2D Animation of Recursive Backtracking Maze Solution Using JavaFX Versus AWT and Swing

This paper describes software developed by the author, that constructs a two-dimensional graphical maze and uses animation to visualize the recursive backtracking maze solution. The software is implemented using three Java graphics technologies, Java Abstract Window Toolkit, Java Swing and JavaFX. The performance of these technologies is evaluated with respect to their graphics rendering frame rate and heap memory utilization. The scalability of their rendering performance is compared with respect to maze size and resolution of the displayed maze. A substantial performance gap between the technologies is reported, and the underlying issues that cause it are discussed, such as memory management by the Java virtual machine, and hardware accelerated graphics rendering.
Conservation Laws of Discrete Evolution Equations by Symmetries and Adjoint Symmetries

A direct approach is proposed for constructing conservation laws of discrete evolution equations, regardless of the existence of a Lagrangian. The approach utilizes pairs of symmetries and adjoint symmetries, in which adjoint symmetries make up for the disadvantage of non-Lagrangian structures in presenting a correspondence between symmetries and conservation laws. Applications are made for the construction of conservation laws of the Volterra lattice equation.
Designing A natural language interface for supervisory control of mining teleoperation

In this paper we describe the design of a command language software using expert database. The language structure is contextual and is implemented using a GURU™ expert system shell. The expert database that drives the operability of the command language utilizes knowledge of mining tasks; and the dialog properties are designed around user intentions and task behaviors.
Limitations in the current R&M approximately CAE viewpoint

The CAE (computer-aided engineering) capability for RM multiuser capability (systems, design, and RM user-friendly man-machine interfaces (menus/windows and novice/expert mode); and integrated electronic interfaces (design analysis inputs, design documentation, supporting databases, and usable analysis outputs). It is suggested that, to make CAE work effectively, industry CAE users need to work with the CAE vendors to ensure that the vendors understand the real user environment and requirements. Clear definition and feedback must be provided to the tool developers. It is further argued that perhaps the most critical task for industry is to analyze, plan, and implement a design methodology that will effectively use CAE throughout the design team. >
Dissections: Plane and Fancy

1. 'Dat Pussle' 2. Our geometric universe 3. Fearful symmetry 4. It's hip to be a square 5. Triangles and friends 6. All polygons created equal 7. First steps 8. Step right up! 9. Watch your step! 10. Just tessellating 11. Plain out-stripped 12. Strips teased 13. Tessellations completed 14. Maltese crosses 15. Curves ahead 16. Stardom 17. Farewell, my lindgren 18. The new breed 19. When polygons aren't regular 20. On to solids 21. Cubes rationalized 22. Prisms reformed 23. Cheated, bamboozled, and hornswoggled 24. Solutions to all our problems.
The Past and Future of Biogeography

The past and future of the field of biogeography are on display in the Foundations of Biogeography and the Frontiers of Biogeography. The former is a collection of classic papers focusing on the history of the field, whereas the latter is an edited volume resulting from the first meeting of the International Biogeography Society. Reading the two books in sequence allows for a more complete understanding of the trajectory of the field and why the current state of some aspects of the field stand where they do. The purpose of the Foundations series is to bring together and reprint classic papers from a field in one place and create a volume for students of the field to use as a reference. In this aim, the Foundations of Biogeography succeeds admirably. The book is divided into eight sections and seminal papers for each field have been included. One of the editors notes in the introduction that many will likely quibble with the particular papers that have been included or left out. However, the structure of this volume illustrates the breadth of topics that needed to be covered and the editors did a reasonable job of including important papers for each one. Moreover, the length of the book certainly indicates their attempts to be inclusive. I found part one of Foundations to be the most interesting section of the book for two reasons. First, it was fascinating to observe the differences in how science was conducted and presented in the 1700s and 1800s as compared to today. References to god, religion, and theology were common. One paper uses biogeographic principles to argue against Noah’s flood as an explanation for the distribution of organisms. Another refers to the natives of a region as savages and theorizes that the mild climate must make them indolent and lazy. Second, despite the differences in approach and tone, it was eye-opening to see that many of the patterns we are trying to explain today were identified very early in the history of biogeography. Even some of
Genetic studies in inbred rats. I. Two new histocompatibility alleles

SUMMARY Two genetically inbred strains of rats with new histocompatibility alleles—the KGH and WKA strains—were characterized. Neither the KGH nor WKA strain cells reacted with known Ag-B * specific antisera; specific antisera against these strains did not react with cells from any known Ag-B group; and there was no cross-reactivity between the histocompatibility antigens of the two strains. On the basis of these data, the KGH strain was assigned the Ag-B7 allele and the WKA strain, the Ag-B8 allele. Both strains were low responders to the test antigen poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15). In various crosses, the antibody response segregated as expected, i.e. low response was associated with the Ag-B7 or Ag-B8 alleles in the F2 and backcross generations.
Miracles, Cultural Logic of

Miracles are not a residual category of science, nor are they the result of ignorance. For millions of people, miracles continue to play an important role in modern life. This article explores the resilience of miracles by considering two key factors: (1) the relationship between the institutions of religion and science, and (2) the power of miracles to mobilize dedicated constituents. The article argues that taken together, these two factors turn miracles into social facts. In the final part of the article, modern sainthood is used as an example to illustrate how the Catholic Church negotiated its relationship with science at the dawn of modernity and how miracles continue to have the power to mobilize people. Some segments of this article were adapted from my book, The Rationalization of Miracles , Cambridge University Press.
The nature of the reducing species in the radiolysis of acidic aqueous solutions at high intensities

Abstract The radiolysis of acidic aqueous solutions with single 1.4 μsec pulses of 13 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator has been studied, over the intensity range 1.56 × 10 19 → 1.23 × 10 22 eV.1 − /pulse. The effect of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and cupric ion on G (H 2 ) [the hydrogen yield] was noted. Up to an intensity of 6.24 × 10 19 eV.1 −1 /pulse the scavenging action of the solutes on the G (H 2 ) can be explained in terms of H atoms and the rate constants associated with H atoms e.g. 2 H+H = 2 × 10 10 M −1 sec −1 etc. At higher intensities the scavengers become mmore effective in decreasing the G (H 2 ). At thesehigh intensities more hydrogen peroxide was needed to produce the same percentage lowering of G (H 2 ) when trains of pulses were used instead of the normal single pulse. This was interpreted in terms of a species being produced in one pulse that lived for long enough to contribute to a following pulse. It is postulated that at intensities greater than 6.24 × 10 19 eV. 1 −1 /pulse (1.4 μsec pulse) the predominant reducing species in H 2 + with k H 2 + +H 2 + 5 M −1 sec −1 . A discussion of the scavenging effect of hydrogen peroxide on the molecular hydrogen yield in Co 60 γ-radiolysis is included and attention is drawn to the similarity of the scavenging of the hydrogen gas precursor here to that at the highest intensity in the present work.
Assessment and visualization of spatial interpolation of soil pH values in farmland

Site-specific farming entails fine-scale detection of field parameters that affect yield coupled with directing appropriate management inputs to select areas that improve field-scale cropping system profitability. Currently, limited technologies are available to evaluate spatial variability in soil properties on a fine scale (submeter resolution). Therefore, information is typically generated by collecting discrete samples and utilizing spatial interpolation to estimate data for the unsampled locations. In this study, soil pH samples were collected from a 12.15 ha agricultural field in northwest Missouri using two grid-sampling regimes: 0.11 ha with 110 samples and 0.98 ha with 12 samples. Three spatial interpolation methods (inverse distance weighted, spline and kriging) were tested to evaluate the effects of interpolation on unsampled locations. In addition to quantitative validation evaluations, results were also assessed by 2D visualization and 3D visualization. Although each assessment approach provided useful information, the inverse distance weighted technique overall better-estimated soil pH values as determined by a combination of all three approaches.
Hybrid photocathodes for solar fuel production: coupling molecular fuel-production catalysts with solid-state light harvesting and conversion technologies.

Artificial photosynthesis is described as the great scientific and moral challenge of our time. We imagine a future where a significant portion of our energy is supplied by such technologies. However, many scientific, engineering and policy challenges must be addressed for this realization. Scientific challenges include the development of effective strategies to couple light absorption, electron transfer and catalysis for efficient conversion of light energy to chemical energy as well as the construction and study of structurally diverse assemblies to carry out these processes. In this article, we review recent efforts from our own research to develop a modular approach to interfacing molecular fuel-production catalysts to visible-light-absorbing semiconductors and discuss the role of the interfacing material as a protection layer for the catalysts as well as the underpinning semiconductor. In concluding, we briefly discuss the potential benefits of a globally coordinated project on artificial photosynthesis that interfaces teams of scientists, engineers and policymakers. Further, we offer cautions that such a large interconnected organization should consider. This article is inspired by, and draws largely from, an invited presentation given by the corresponding author at the Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, Buckinghamshire on the themed meeting topic: ‘Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?’
Savannah River National Laboratory Emergency Response Capability for Atmospheric Contaminant Releases

ABSTRACT Emergency response to an atmospheric release of chemical or radiological contamination is enhanced when plume predictions, field measurements, and real-time weather information are integrated into a geospatial framework. The Weather Information and Display (WIND) System at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) utilizes such an integrated framework. The rapid availability of predictions from a suite of atmospheric transport models within this geospatial framework has proven to be of great value to decision makers during an emergency involving an atmospheric contaminant release.
Detecting Primary Transmitters via Cooperation and Memory in Cognitive Radio

Effective detection of the activity of primary transmitters is known to be one of the major challenges to the implementation of cognitive radio systems. In this paper, we investigate the use of cooperation and memory (using tools from change detection) as means to enhance primary detection. We focus on the simple case of two secondary users and one primary source. Numerical results show the relevant performance benefits of both cooperation and memory.
Local Compactness of Hyperspacesa

. Those uniform spaces whose uniform hyperspaces are locally compact are characterized. Some properties of the set of points of local compactness of a uniform hyperspace are investigated.
Automatic Classification and Quantification of Cell Adhesion Locations on the Endothelium

To target tumor hematogenous metastasis and to understand how leukocytes cross the microvessel wall to perform immune functions, it is necessary to elucidate the adhesion location and transmigration pathway of tumor cells and leukocytes on/across the endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall. We developed an algorithm to classify and quantify cell adhesion locations from photomicrographs taken from the experiments of tumor cell/leukocyte adhesion in individual microvessels. The first step is to identify the microvessel by a novel gravity-field dynamic programming (DP) procedure. Next, an anisotropic image smoothing suppresses noises without unduly mitigating crucial visual features. After an adaptive thresholding process further tackles uneven lighting conditions during the imaging process, a series of local mathematical morphological operators and eigenanalysis identify tumor cells or leukocytes. Finally, a novel double component labeling procedure categorizes the cell adhesion locations. This algorithm has generated consistently encouraging performances on photomicrographs obtained from in vivo experiments for tumor cell and leukocyte adhesion locations on the endothelium forming the microvessel wall. Compared with human experts, this algorithm used 1/500–1/200 of the time without having the errors due to human subjectivity. Our automatic classification and quantification method provides a reliable and cost effective approach for biomedical image processing.
Managed care: Challenges to survival and opportunities for change

Abstract Many agree that the health care delivery system is in serious trouble. Managed care emerged in response to growing concern over spiraling health care costs without commensurate increases in population health outcomes. However, managed care needs to be evaluated within the historical context of using rationing strategies to distribute health care resources. This paper will explore the impact of managed care on social work practice, including the many challenges faced by practitioners. It will conclude with a discussion of potential opportunities for change in this volatile, health care environment.
Theory of the Annular Slot Antenna Based on Duality

The general theory of annular slot antennas is developed in a lucid manner. The treatment is novel in that no Green's functions or contour integrations arise. The principle of duality is employed. Topics discussed include formulation of the integral equation for the aperture field and derivations of the leading term in the near- and far-zone fields and effective height. The theory has application in calibrating near-zone field strength instrumentation and in determining the response of an unsheathed coaxial cable connector mounted flush with the skin of a missile to intense plane-wave electromagnetic field pulses.