cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

Thirty-six dinucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from an enriched genomic library of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma. Genotypes at all 36 microsatellites conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations, following Bonferroni correction for multiple tests executed simultaneously; analysis with Micro-checker indicated the possibility of null alleles at two of the microsatellites. The microsatellites characterized in this study will be useful for further evaluation of southern flounder stock structure and for assaying potential genetic impacts of stock enhancement programs.
Design Live Loads for Passenger Cars Parking Garages

The objective of this study is to obtain a better understanding of live loads in passenger cars parking garages and to recommend an appropriate value for design. Load surveys were conducted in nine parking garages in Chicago and Urbana-Champaign, Ill., and Boston and Cambridge, Mass. Based on the survey data, statistical analyses were carried out on the equivalent uniformly distributed loads, which produce the maximum column axial loads and beam midspan moments that the building is expected to experience during its lifetime. The dynamic amplifications due to vehicle motions on the decks and ramps were also investigated. The results suggest a possible reduction of the design live load from the current value of 2.39 kN/m2 (50 psf), as stipulated in the ASCE-7-95 and other codes and standards, to 1.92 kN/m2 (40 psf), but with no allowance for reduction according to the bay area.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANSWER BOX FORMAT ON RESPONSE BEHAVIOR ON LIST-STYLE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

This article extends previous research on visual design effects in list-style open-ended questions, which ask respondents to name items of a specific category. I analyze differences in response behavior between formats that provide the respondent with one large answer box and those that provide 10 small answer boxes when asking the respondent about unaided brand awareness, controlling for demographic respondent characteristics and personal topic interest. In three experiments embedded in web surveys, respondents from a nonprobability online panel were randomly assigned to one of two question formats asking about unaided brand awareness of insurance companies (Experiment 1: n = 579), airlines (Experiment 2: n = 633), and car tires (Experiment 3: n = 604). The results indicate that respondents use cues from the answer box format of list-style open-ended questions to infer what the questionnaire designer expects from them as appropriate answers. When controlling for personal topic interest and respondent demographics, I found that the number of brands named and the time the respondents needed to give an answer to the question were significantly higher if 10 small answer boxes were presented, compared with just one large answer box in two of the studies. Additionally, respondents named more brands that were less accessible when provided with the 10 small answer boxes.
A GPS-based slowdown warning system for automotive safety

We propose the concept of a slow-down warning system in automobiles. If a driver on a highway decelerates suddenly or progresses abnormally slowly (thereby posing a hazard to the vehicles behind him), then, with such a system, all the cars behind him are provided information of this, near simultaneously. This advance information gives the drivers additional time to react in preparation of the impending slow-down. Simulations demonstrate that this additional time is sufficient to alleviate collisions. Furthermore, it is seen that even if only a fraction of the cars in a platoon are equipped with such a system, this can still be sufficient to alleviate crashes even in the unequipped cars. A prototype of such a system has been developed and installed in a few cars, and road tests have been conducted to verify the hardware performance.
A TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT (THEILER'S VIRUS) IN THE INTESTINES OF NORMAL MICE

Every experiment with the contents of one, or with those pooled from two to five of the normal stock of Rockefeller Institute strain of albino mice, 1 to 2 months of age, revealed the presence of a virus which, after intracerebral inoculation into normal mice, induced characteristic paralytic encephalomyelitis, indistinguishable from Theilerapos;s disease. No difference was seen in this effect of intestinal contents deriving from animals paralyzed during the course of spontaneous encephalomyelitis and from normal mice. The influence of age on carriage of virus, as well as on the persistence of the carrier state, is discussed. The present, as well as previous work has shown that the virus found in normal (or paralyzed) mice is similar to that of Theiler's disease in all of its properties thus far investigated; among the strains of the latter now at hand it can be classified with those having a low degree of invasiveness after peripheral inoculation. The virus has thus far been recovered from intestinal contents, intestinal walls, and mesenteric glands but not from the central nervous system of normal mice; from these sites, as well as from the central nervous system, in paralyzed mice. In order of concentration of virus, the contents have more, the walls less, and the glands least.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of human fetal urinary flow rate: Accuracy limits of bladder volume estimations

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the reliability of fetal bladder volume predictions on the commonly used ovoid volume formula and to develop a simpler but equally accurate method requiring fewer measurements. STUDY DESIGN: Nine hundred twenty seven measurements were obtained from 11 dead fetuses in a water bath. Known incremental volumes of saline solution were infused and the largest linear bladder dimensions length, depth, and Width, were measured ultrasonographically. Bladder volumes were calculated with the ovoid volume formula, 4/3 · π · (Length · Depth · Width)/8, and compared with true volumes. The areas of the ultrasonographic planes observed during the measurement process were calculated and plotted against the true volume for regression analysis. The sagittal and coronal areas were converted into volumes with the regression equations 0.46323 + 1.39394 · Sagittal area and 1.20640 + 1.07603 · Coronal area, respectively. RESULTS: The fetal bladder volumes from the ovoid formula had an average error of 6.4 ml, with a 95% confidence interval of ± 14.1 ml. The fetal bladder volumes derived from sagittal and coronal area formulas had mean absolute errors of approximately 0 ml, with 95% confidence intervals of ± 4.0 ml and ±4.4 ml, respectively. The best predictions were obtained with the sagittal area measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The ovoid volume formula overpredicts fetal bladder volume and has a wide 95% confidence interval. This inaccuracy probably affects measurements of fetal urinary flow rates. Use of the sagittal or coronal area affords improved accuracy and is easier and more convenient.
Phenol increases intracellular [Ca2+] during twitch contractions in intact Xenopus skeletal myofibers

Phenol is a neurolytic agent used for management of spasticity in patients with either motoneuron lesions or stroke. In addition, compounds that enhance muscle contractility (i.e., polyphenols, etc...
Estimating Safety Benefits of Shoulder Rumble Strips on Two-Lane Rural Highways in Minnesota: Empirical Bayes Observational Before-and-After Study

Approximately 40% of all 2004 fatal crashes were single-vehicle, run-off-the-road (SVROR) crashes. The problem was even more significant on two-lane rural roads, where shoulder rumble strips were an important treatment in the prevention of these crashes and have proved effective on freeways. However, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips in reducing SVROR crashes on two-lane rural highways. An empirical Bayes before-and-after study was performed to evaluate the safety-effectiveness of milled-in continuous shoulder rumble strips on two-lane rural highways in Minnesota. The treatment was installed at 23 treatment sites (183 mi). This study reports a 13% reduction in all SVROR crashes and an 18% reduction in injury-producing SVROR crashes after installation of this treatment.
A 57 dB SFDR digitally calibrated 500 MS/s folding ADC in 0.18 μm digital CMOS

A digitally calibrated 8-bit folding ADC incorporating redundancy and reassignment is described. Small, redundant folder and comparator circuits generate 1024 available zero-crossings. An entirely self-contained calibration engine selects 255 zero-crossings from the available set. Unselected circuits are powered down. The calibration breaks the link between ADC performance and analog accuracy, allowing small transistors to be used in the signal path. Fabricated in 0.18 μm digital CMOS, the DNL of the uncalibrated ADC is 6.7 LSB and 0.8 LSB, before and after calibration, respectively. SFDR remains above 55 dB up to a sampling rate of 550 MS/s. The total die area is 1.2mm2.
Numerical solution of scattering problems using pseudo-differential impedance operators

Direct numerical solutions of scattering problems based on boundary-integral equations are computationally costly at high frequencies. A numerical method is presented that efficiently computes accurate approximations to unknown surface quantities given known surface data (an approximate Dirichlet-to-Neumann map). The method is based on a pseudo-differential impedance operator (PIO) numerically implemented using rational approximations. An example of a PIO is the so-called on-surface radiation condition (OSRC) method. For a convex obstacle, the method can be viewed as applying a parabolic equation directly on the surface of a scatterer. In contrast to past OSRCs, the use of rational approximations provides accuracy for wide scattering angles which is needed for grazing angles of incidence. Generalization to impedance operators for two-dimensional acoustic scatterers with concave parts is presented. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust rank selection for the Multistage Wiener Filter

The Multistage Wiener Filter (MWF) is an adaptive processing technique that has the ability to outperform the full rank Wiener solution in a low sample support environment. However, this requires knowledge of the appropriate rank in order to enjoy these advantages. In this paper we show that the addition of a diagonal loading-like quantity to the Multistage Wiener Filter will add significant robustness to the rank selection process. Since the MWF is most often implemented without the formation of a sample covariance matrix, diagonal loading cannot be added in the usual sense. In this paper we describe an alternate technique called “error loading” for augmenting the filter. The incorporation of error loading is shown to provide the rank selection robustness that we desire.
Recent performance results of the beamlet prototype for the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction by the Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a megajoule class Nd:glass laser and target irradiation complex for investigating the physics associated with stockpile stewardship and inertial confinement fusion (ICF).
Congenitally divided left atrium: diagnostic pitfalls in cross-sectional echocardiography.

Abstract A 20-month-old patient with a previously diagnosed atrial septal defect presented with acute heart failure. The clinical and echocardiographic features at admission to hospital were of a congenitally partitioned left atrium. At surgery a medially displaced and infolded left atrial appendage together with infolded left atrial wall was found, which gave a false appearance of a left atrial ‘membrane'. This unusual arrangement was subsequently correctly identified by transoesophageal echocardiography. It is speculated that the abnormal orientation of the appendage may have produced a physiologic and haemodynamic situation akin to anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins, which would account for the clinical features in this patient.
The Quadrivalent Approach to Influenza Vaccination

Antigenic distinctions between influenza A and B viruses, among various influenza A subtypes and strains, and between influenza B viruses of different lineages have posed major challenges to the development of widely effective influenza vaccines. The overall impact of disease caused by influenza B has not been fully appreciated until recently. Although less extensive than that caused by influenza A, the burden of influenza B is nonetheless substantial, and it has been responsible for both outbreaks and for severe disease, particularly in children and young adults [1–3]. Antigenic diversity is also believed to be less problematic among influenza B than among influenza A viruses. However, influenza B variants of 2 antigenically distinct lineages have been recognized since the early 1980s: prototypesB/Victoria/2/87(Victorialineage) and B/Yamagata/16/88 (Yamagata lineage). B/Yamagata was the major circulating lineage until the 1980s when B/ Victoria emerged. Since then, both influenza B virus lineages with drift variants have circulated globally, with variation as to which of the 2 influenza B lineages would be preeminent in a particular year. Historically, influenza vaccines have contained influenza B components of only 1 lineage, while having components of 2 influenzaAsubtypessince1977(A/H3N2
Using explicit segmentation to improve HMM phone recognition

We show that many of the errors in a context-dependent phone recognition system are due to poor segmentation. We then suggest a method to incorporate explicit segmentation information directly into the HMM paradigm. The utility of explicit segmentation information is illustrated with experiments involving five types of segmentation information and three methods of smoothing.
Preserving the positive functions of the public domain in science

Science has advanced in part because data and scientific methodologies have traditionally not been subject to intellectual property protection. In recent years, intellectual property has played a greater role in scientific work. While intellectual property rights may have a positive role to play in some fields of science, so does the public domain. This paper will discuss some of the positive functions of the public domain and ways in which certain legal developments may negatively impact the public domain. It suggests some steps that scientists can take to preserve the positive functions of the public domain for science.
Absence of an increase in the duration of the circadian melatonin secretory episode in totally blind human subjects

The daily rhythm of melatonin influences multiple physiological measures, including sleep tendency, circadian rhythms, and reproductive function in seasonally breeding mammals. The biological signal for photoperiodic changes in seasonally breeding mammals is a change in the duration of melatonin secretion, which in a natural environment reflects the different durations of daylight across the year, with longer nights leading to a longer duration of melatonin secretion. These seasonal changes in the duration of melatonin secretion do not simply reflect the known acute suppression of melatonin secretion by ocular light exposure, but also represent long-term changes in the endogenous nocturnal melatonin episode that persist in constant conditions. As the eyes of totally blind individuals do not transmit ocular light information, we hypothesized that the duration of the melatonin secretory episode in blind subjects would be longer than those in sighted individuals, who are exposed to light for all their waking hours in an urban environment. We assessed the melatonin secretory profile during constant posture, dim light conditions in 17 blind and 157 sighted adults, all of whom were healthy and using no prescription or nonprescription medications. The duration of melatonin secretion was not significantly different between blind and sighted individuals. Healthy blind individuals after years without ocular light exposure do not have a longer duration of melatonin secretion than healthy sighted individuals.
Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Meeting Exclusive Breastfeeding Intention

Objective To describe mothers' exclusive breastfeeding intentions and whether Baby-Friendly hospital practices are associated with achieving these intentions. Methods In the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, women completed a prenatal questionnaire and approximately monthly questionnaires through 12 months. Mothers met their prenatal exclusive breastfeeding intention if their duration after the hospital stay (excluding hospital supplementation) equaled or exceeded their intention. Primary predictor variables included 6 Baby-Friendly hospital practices: breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, rooming in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers, and information on breastfeeding support. Results Among women who prenatally intended to exclusively breastfeed (n = 1457), more than 85% intended to do so for 3 months or more; however, only 32.4% of mothers achieved their intended exclusive breastfeeding duration. Mothers who were married and multiparous were more likely to achieve their exclusive breastfeeding intention, whereas mothers who were obese, smoked, or had longer intended exclusive breastfeeding duration were less likely to meet their intention. Beginning breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth and not being given supplemental feedings or pacifiers were associated with achieving exclusive breastfeeding intention. After adjustment for all other hospital practices, only not receiving supplemental feedings remained significant (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.8, 3.1). Conclusions Two-thirds of mothers who intend to exclusively breastfeed are not meeting their intended duration. Increased Baby-Friendly hospital practices, particularly giving only breast milk in the hospital, may help more mothers achieve their exclusive breastfeeding intentions.
Status, Interest, and Proximity as Factors in Interaction and Communication Channels

(1972). Status, Interest, and Proximity as Factors in Interaction and Communication Channels. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 259-267.
Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Entry of Tumor Antigen Is Crucial for Cross-Presentation Induced by Dendritic Cell–Targeted Vaccination

Efficient cross-presentation of protein Ags to CTLs by dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the success of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In this study, we report a previously underappreciated pathway involving Ag entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) critically needed for T cell cross-priming induced by a DC-targeted vaccine. Directing the clinically relevant, melanoma Ag gp100 to mouse-derived DCs by molecular adjuvant and chaperone Grp170 substantially facilitates Ag access to the ER. Grp170 also strengthens the interaction of internalized protein Ag with molecular components involved in ER-associated protein dislocation and/or degradation, which culminates in cytosolic translocation for proteasome-dependent degradation and processing. Targeted disruption of protein retrotranslocation causes exclusive ER retention of tumor Ag in mouse bone marrow–derived DCs and splenic CD8+ DCs. This results in the blockade of Ag ubiquitination and processing, which abrogates the priming of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the improved ER entry of tumor Ag serves as a molecular basis for the superior cross-presenting capacity of Grp170-based vaccine platform. The ER access and retrotranslocation represents a distinct pathway that operates within DCs for cross-presentation and is required for the activation of Ag-specific CTLs by certain vaccines. These results also reinforce the importance of the ER-associated protein quality control machinery and the mode of the Ag delivery in regulating DC-elicited immune outcomes.
ENZYMES FROM FOOD MYOSYSTEMS

The quantity of enzymes in muscle tissue is normally small and difficult to purify. Much of the comparative enzymology of food myosystems has been done with tissue homogenates or impure enzyme isolates. Conclusions relating the specific contribution of an enzyme to autolysis during the conditioning of muscle foods can be misleading. This review will focus on salient features of some enzymes which are important in postmortem metabolism of food myosystems, including enzymes involved with energy metabolism, protein catabolism, lipid catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) catabolism. Intraspecific and interspecific variation in enzymes involved with these metabolic processes will be discussed. It is beyond the scope of this treatise to provide a comprehensive coverage of each metabolic process. The main objective of this review is to discuss some of the similarities and differences of enzymes from food myosystems.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Disrupts Proinflammatory Protein Synthesis in Endotoxin-Adapted Monocytes

Autotoxic production of proinflammatory mediators during early sepsis induces excessive inflammation, and their later suppression may limit the immune response. We previously reported that sepsis differentially represses transcription and translation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to reprogram sepsis inflammation. This switch is gene specific and plays a crucial role in the clinically relevant syndrome of endotoxin adaptation/tolerance, multiorgan failure, and poor sepsis outcome. To further define the mechanisms responsible for translation disruption that follows inflammation induction, we used THP-1 human promonocytes as a model of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses found in sepsis. We showed that phosphorylation-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and translation disruption of TNF-α and IL-6 follow increased MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression and that MKP-1 knockdown rephosphorylates p38 and restores the capacity to translate TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs. We also observed that the RNA-binding protein motif 4 (RBM4), a p38 MAPK target, accumulates in an unphosphorylated form in the cytosol in endotoxin-adapted cells, suggesting that dephosphorylated RBM4 may function as a translational repressor. Moreover, MKP-1 knockdown promotes RBM4 phosphorylation, blocks its transfer from the nucleus to the cytosol, and reverses translation repression. We also found that microRNA 146a (miR-146a) knockdown prevents and miR-146a transfection induces MKP-1 expression, which lead to increases or decreases in TNF-α and IL-6 translation, respectively. We conclude that a TLR4-, miR-146a-, p38 MAPK-, and MKP-1-dependent autoregulatory pathway regulates the translation of proinflammatory genes during the acute inflammatory response by spatially and temporally modifying the phosphorylation state of RBM4 translational repressor protein.
Waveform of electrodermal reactions in anesthetized cats.

When recorded as a change in skin potential with one electrode on the sweat gland bearing pad and the other on the skin without sweat glands of the same foot, the waveform of the electrodermal reaction in nonanesthetized or anesthetized cats is consistently monophasic, indicating that the pad becomes negative with respect to the skin without sweat glands. In contrast, the waveform of the electrodermal reaction in man, registered as the difference in skin potential between the palm (or sole) and the dorsum, is not so simple. In 1962, WILCOTT examined 37 subjects and found that 19 had diphasic waves, 5 had the potential on the back negative with respect to the palm, and the remaining subjects exhibited the same waveform and polarity as the cat. At present, it is generally accepted that the electrodermal reactions are produced by the activity of sweat glands both in man and in other animals (MCCLEARY, 1950; WANG, 1957, 1958). In the cat, sweat glands exist only in the pads of the feet, whereas in man they are found over the whole body (LEVA, 1913 ; MONTAGNA, 1962). The marked differences in waveform of the electrodermal reactions between man and cat may be due to the differences in sweat gland distribution. In order to test this hypothesis, it is best to record simultaneously the electrodermal reactions from one skin area with
MATLAB Based Telemetry Integration Utility for Store Separation Analysis

NAVAIR uses a six-degree of freedom (6DoF) instrumentation telemetry package attached to the store to gather quantitative data needed by testers and analysts to better understand the store separation characteristics. The 6DoF unit is flexible enough to adapt many of the various types of stores tested, such as the family of general purpose bombs. Flight test telemetry from the 6DoF unit is used by the store separation branch, along with other methods such as photogrammetrics, to validate store separation simulation models and demonstrate safe separation characteristics. To this end, telemetry data was processed by the engineer in a number of computational environments, such as FORTRAN and EXCEL. NAVAIR desired that the raw 6DoF telemetry data be processed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment for ease of integration with other elements of store separation simulation. Working in collaboration with faculty at the Unites States Naval Academy, a MATLAB/Simulink based tool was developed that processes the 6DoF telemetry and compares the resulting store trajectory with results from photgrammetrics. Faculty at the USNA incorporated the telemetry prediction problem into an engineering analysis course (EA308) for sophomore and junior level aerospace engineering students. The course project served as the basis for a Matlab-based telemetry integration utility program delivered to NAVAIR for store separation analysis. The resulting code was tested on a number of store separation trajectories with good agreement.
The Effects of Framing, Problem Variations, and Providing Rationale on Choice

Tversky and Kahneman reported a large effect of the framing of decision options on choice. When options were phrased positively in terms of gains, people chose the sure thing. But when options were phrased negatively in terms of losses, people chose the risky option. However, not all researchers have replicated this finding, especially when using different decision problems and task requirements. Consequently, problem and/or task variables may be important. The current study investigated two problem variables: degree of apparent gain/loss in the risky option (e.g., partial vs. total) and probability of success in the risky option. The effect of requesting a rationale on the framing effect was also studied. Although framing significantly affected choice, its effects were mediated or moderated by rationale request, degree of apparent gain/loss, and probability, sometimes in complex ways. The findings suggest that framing is less pervasive than previously believed.
The Path to Protection: The Rationale for Refugee Law in Pakistan and the Appropriate Direction of Reform

Individuals and organizations throughout South Asia have been striving to implement refugee laws for decades. Although there have been several accomplishments for the human rights community, like Pakistan's agreement to house over three million refugees at one point, the struggle for refugee rights continues. Refugees still have no legal protections in Pakistan or elsewhere in South Asia.In the last few years, proponents of refugee law have settled on a determined mission to institute domestic legislation, country by country, throughout South Asia. At the center of those efforts is the Model National Law on Refugees, a comprehensive bill that sets out the definition of a refugee and the rights that person enjoys. While the content of the Model Law fits precisely the needs of refugees and South Asian nations, the plan for individual implementation is somewhat flawed. Due to the interests of states, laws protecting refugees are generally only feasible when adopted in multilateral settings.Previous studies have discussed the importance of incorporating the interests of states when conceiving a plan for refugee reform, although few have addressed the topic head on. The pro-versus-con debate over refugee rights has polarized into two seemingly distinct positions - that of the human rights community that puts forth ideological arguments, and that of the so-called "political realists" who elevate the interests of the state. However, both camps have failed to recognize vital overlaps between their philosophical standpoints. Specifically, both groups have neglected to discuss the state's interest in adopting refugee laws.
Root Border Cells and Their Role in Plant Defense

Root border cells separate from plant root tips and disperse into the soil environment. In most species, each root tip can produce thousands of metabolically active cells daily, with specialized patterns of gene expression. Their function has been an enduring mystery. Recent studies suggest that border cells operate in a manner similar to mammalian neutrophils: Both cell types export a complex of extracellular DNA (exDNA) and antimicrobial proteins that neutralize threats by trapping pathogens and thereby preventing invasion of host tissues. Extracellular DNases (exDNases) of pathogens promote virulence and systemic spread of the microbes. In plants, adding DNase I to root tips eliminates border cell extracellular traps and abolishes root tip resistance to infection. Mutation of genes encoding exDNase activity in plant-pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungi (Cochliobolus heterostrophus) results in reduced virulence. The study of exDNase activities in plant pathogens may yield new targets for disease control.
Cystic Angiomatosis: A Rare Cause of Thoracic Radiculopathy: A Case Report.

Thoracic radiculopathy is a rare condition that is most frequently attributed to thoracic disc disease and diabetes mellitus. It typically presents as pain, paresthesias, dysesthesias, and loss of sensation in a dermatomal distribution across the chest, thorax, and/or abdomen. Neoplasms, skeletal deformities (e.g., scoliosis, kyphosis, and compression fractures), and other skeletal and extraskeletal diseases encompass some of the numerous disease etiologies1-4. Cystic angiomatosis (CA), a disease characterized by cystic skeletal lesions with or without extraskeletal involvement, represents an even rarer cause of thoracic radiculopathy. CA is histologically described as cystic lesions of hemangiomatous, lymphangiomatous, or mixed origin. It typically presents in the first three decades of life4-6 with no sex preference7, and has an estimated incidence rate of between 0.1 and 1.0 in 1,000,0008. It most frequently presents with skeletal and extraskeletal lesions, but it also may present with isolated skeletal lesions5,9,10. The skull, ribs, vertebrae (cervical vertebrae most frequently)7, pelvis, femora, and humeri10,11 are the skeletal structures that are most commonly involved. The spleen, liver, kidneys, pleurae, and lungs represent the most commonly affected extraskeletal structures5,9,12. Skeletal lesions are most commonly located within the medullary cavity; however, cortical involvement has been noted13. CA tends to be diagnosed in asymptomatic individuals after routine radiographs reveal diffuse cystic skeletal lesions. Symptomatic patients may present with bone pain with or without pathological fractures, localized swelling and tenderness, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ascites, and even organ failure. While the lesions may spontaneously remit, patients are at risk for permanent deformity, loss of function, and even death—especially in patients with splenic14,15 or pleural involvement12,16 or infected angiomatic lesions11. …
Oxidative cost of breathing in the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii

We estimated the cost of breathing of turtles by measuring ventilation and oxygen consumption during air breathing and CO2 breathing. We assumed that any increment in oxygen consumption due to hypercapnic hyperpnea was due to the metabolic cost of the increased breathing. Six turtles were studied while breathing air and then 5% CO2 in air after at least 12 h breathing each gas. For the measurements, the turtles were submerged unrestrained in water at 20 degrees C and were free to raise their heads into a ventilated chamber. Tidal volumes were measured by the pressure changes in the chamber, and oxygen consumption was measured by conventional open-circuit respirometry. Ventilation increased markedly during CO2 breathing up to 50 times the control level, but oxygen consumption increased only slightly. Assuming no depression in nonventilatory metabolism, our data indicate an oxidative cost of breathing on the order of 1% of the total metabolic rate at rest. This is far less than the 15-20% cost predicted from published work (Kinney et al., Respir. Physiol. 31: 327-332, 1976) on a closely related species of turtle and is consistent with earlier work in our laboratory. We conclude that the cost of breathing in turtles is low, similar to other air-breathing vertebrates, and therefore the existing notion that turtle breathing is expensive and inefficient should be discarded.
Emerging technologies for enterprise Linux on IBM z systems

The advent of mobile and cloud computing in the past decade has led to an explosion of innovative open source technologies. Some examples are NoSQL databases such as MongoDB, message brokers such as RabbitMQ, new programming languages and runtimes such as Go and server-side JavaScript, and IT automation tools such as Puppet and Cloud Foundry. As enterprise Linux users start to embrace these emerging technologies, they are discovering that many open source developers and vendors only support x86-based platforms, and not enterprise server platforms such as those based on IBM z Systems and IBM Power Systems. In this position paper, we discuss some of the challenges that we have encountered while closing the gap in emerging technologies between IBM z Systems and x86, and indicate future directions for our work.
STUDIES ON MARASMIUS FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. III. MARASMIUS BREVIPES AND MICROMPHALE SECT. RHIZOMORPHIGENA

Micromphale westii, the type species of Micromphale sect. Rhizomorphigena, is considered a synonym of Marasmius brevipes. Micromphale sect. Rhizomorphigena is reevaluated utilizing pileipellis and stipe tissue morphology and transferred to Marasmius, where it is allied with sect. Androsacei. Micromphale is redefined and considered to comprise two sections, Micromphale and Perforantia. Type specimens of two previously linked species were reexamined. Marasmius porphyreticus is placed in sect. Rhizomorphigena. Arrhenia goossensiae is redescribed, and Marasmiellus usambarensis, from Tanzania, is described as a new species. All taxa are illustrated and compared with phenetically similar taxa.
Geotechnical Uncertainties and Reliability-Based Design

A rational approach to uncertainties in geotechnical design is reliability-based design (RBD) and a readily useable form is load resistance factor design (LRFD). In LRFD, load and resistance factors are used to obtain an acceptable level of reliability or failure probability. This paper reviews the development of reliability-based design and the various uncertainties that control the resistance factor. These include uncertainties about material models, analytical models, and methods for reliability assessment. Data available from various sources are compared. The estimated uncertainties are compared with observed performance from case histories and current design codes. Implications on use of LRFD in practice are suggested. Uncertainty about the load is not considered here because an extensive literature already exists.
The Lack of Association Between Aging and Postvaccination Levels of IgG Antibody to Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae

One possible explanation for the apparently reduced efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in elderly subjects is that IgG responses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PPSs) decline with aging. We administered pneumococcal vaccine to 118 adults who ranged in age from 20 to 93 years; 33 were > or = 70 years old. Four to 6 weeks later, we measured IgG reactive with PPSs from 10 commonly infecting serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. By regression analysis, a slight but nonsignificant increase in anti-PPS IgG was observed with increased age for six serotypes and a nonsignificant decrease was observed for four. Mean IgG levels and the percentage of subjects with IgG levels > or = 1 microgram/mL were no different among persons > or = 70 years of age than among those < or = 69 years of age. These results show no consistent effect of aging on anti-PPS IgG levels 4-6 weeks after pneumococcal vaccination.
Numerical Modeling of a Semiconductor Diode Laser Mode-locked by a Waveguide Array

We demonstrate robust, self-starting mode-locking in an edge-emitting semiconductor diode laser with a waveguide array for a saturable absorber. An applied current provides forward-biasing to generate the requisite cavity gain.
Control of Waterhyacinth by Neochetina bruchi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Bagoini) in Argentina

The first case of biological control of waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, by the weevil Neochetina bruchi Hustache is reported from the Dique Los Sauces reservoir in La Rioja Province, Argentina. Four years after introduction of N. bruchi , its population had increased to 3.5 adults per plant; waterhyacinth was reduced from the usual 50% coverage of the water surface to only 10 to 15% coverage, and 2 years later to only 4 to 8% coverage.
Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on phosphorus during treatment with diphosphonate

The effects of probenecid and hydrochlorothiazide on renal handling of phosphorus during hyperphosphatemia induced by diphosphonate (ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate, EHDP) was studied. Measurements of calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine clearance were performed in 2 sessions on each of 3 consecutive days in 10 normal fasting volunteers during the morning hours from 8 A.M. to 12 noon. During 2 to 3 wk thereafter, each subject was treated with EHDP, 30 mg/kg/day. The second group of studies were performed in the same manner as the first except the EHDP administration was continued throughout. EHDP caused elevation of serum phosphorus in all cases. Probenecid did not affect urine phosphorus. Hydrochlorothiazide caused a transient phosphaturia of similar magnitude in the EHDP treated and untreated states. Creatinine clearance was not affected by any of the treatments and urine calcium was decreased by EHDP. It was concluded that hydrochlorothiazide inhibits tubular reabsorption of phosphorus but that it does not affect the mechanism whereby EHDP causes increased tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. Chronic administration of hydrochlorothiazide along with EHDP may inhibit hyperphosphatemia and may change the bone effects of EHDP.
A Heterogeneous Von Neumann/Explicit Dataflow Processor

Decades-old explicit dataflow architectures eliminate many of the overheads of general-purpose processors but have not been successful because of their lack of sufficient control speculation and the latency overhead of explicit communication. This article observes a synergy between out-of-order (OoO) and explicit dataflow processors, in which dynamically switching between them according to program phases can greatly improve performance and energy efficiency.
It’s Safe to Kill Negroes: Racial Profiling in Selected Works of African-American Literature and Film

(2015). It’s Safe to Kill Negroes: Racial Profiling in Selected Works of African-American Literature and Film. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 205-218.
Genetic and Toxin-induced Depletion of Striatal Dopamine

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is not heritable, though some neurological disorders leading to parkinsonian symptoms are known to have a genetic base (Agid et al. 1986). The discovery of MPTP-induced parkinsonism has reinforced the view that environmental toxins, rather than heritable factors, are involved in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. We nevertheless wish to emphasize in this chapter that in terms of its neuropathology as expressed in the dopamine-containing systems, there is an inherited disease that displays a remarkable resemblance to Parkinson’s disease, and also to other parkinsonian disorders including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrohydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism. This genetic disease is carried in the weaver mouse as an autosomal recessive mutation, the consequences of which include defects in the dopamine-containing systems of the brain (Schmidt et al. 1982, Roffler-Tarlov and Graybiel 1984). The following summary is based on work over the past five years, during which we have noted remarkable similarities between the effects of the weaver gene and those reported for MPTP administered to normal adult mice. The similarities and differences need to be explored more formally in parallel investigations and will be. However the purpose of this chapter is to compare the key features of the damage resulting from the administration of the toxin MPTP with that induced by the weaver gene. The effects of MPTP have been studied in many species following the initial observations of parkinsonian effects in man (Davis et al. 1979; Langston et al. 1983). Here, discussion will be confined to the consequences of MPTP treatment of mice so that species variations will not intervene.
The Economics of Geriatric Telepsychiatry

Without a careful consideration of benefits and costs, geriatric telepsychiatry cannot be shown to be a sustainable alternative to treatment delivery for the geriatric population. The aging of the Baby Boomer population cohort has dramatically changed the characteristics of the geriatric population and this change will be apparent for at least the next 40 years. This section will examine the characteristics of the geriatric population and their mental health needs.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis

Tube cystostomy is a surgical method used for managing obstructive urolithiasis and involves placement of a Foley catheter into the urinary bladder. We identified and evaluated the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis. Urine samples collected over a 10-y period from catheter tips at the time of removal were submitted for bacteriologic culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Resistance patterns to antibiotics, trends in the resistance patterns over the study period, and the probability of a bacterial isolate being resistant as a function of the identity of the isolate and antibiotic tested were determined. A total of 103 urine samples from 103 male goats with obstructive urolithiasis managed surgically with tube cystostomy were included in the study. Aerococcus (36.9%) and Enterococcus (30.1%) were isolated most frequently. The susceptibility patterns of all bacteria isolated did not change over the study period ( p > 0.05). Proportions of isolates resistant to 1, 2, and ≥3 antibiotics were 36.9%, 18.5%, and 23.3%, respectively. Thus, 41.8% of bacterial isolates were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics tested. The probability of Aerococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to be resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, penicillin, or tetracycline ranged from 0.59 to 0.76.
Drying and Storage

For most crops, artificial seed drying should be avoided and the seed crop allowed to dry in the field before harvest. This practice is normal during seed production although other crops are almost always harvested before complete dry-down in the field and must be artificially dried. Because drying technology is important to the preservation of seed quality, a knowledge of the factors that control seed moisture loss must be well understood. Without this background, successful seed drying and storage and the maintenance of seed germination and quality is not possible.
Worksite Chemical Air Emissions and Worker Exposure during Sanitary Sewer and Stormwater Pipe Rehabilitation Using Cured-in-Place-Pipe (CIPP)

Chemical emissions were characterized for steam-cured cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) installations in Indiana (sanitary sewer) and California (stormwater). One pipe in California involved a low-volatile organic compound (VOC) non-styrene resin, while all other CIPP sites used styrene resins. In Indiana, the uncured resin contained styrene, benzaldehyde, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and unidentified compounds. Materials emitted from the CIPP worksites were condensed and characterized. An emitted chemical plume in Indiana was a complex multiphase mixture of organic vapor, water vapor, particulate (condensable vapor and partially cured resin), and liquid droplets (water and organics). The condensed material contained styrene, acetone, and unidentified compounds. In California, both styrene and low-VOC resin condensates contained styrene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, BHT, dibutyl phthalate, and 1-tetradecanol. Phenol was detected only in the styrene resin condensate. Acetophenone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, 4-te...
Which do patients prefer, unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty?

Abstract Objective Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a viable option for relieving pain and improving function in patients with isolated compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). Certain surgeons prefer total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over UKA even when patients are candidates for UKA. Therefore, the decision to perform a UKA or a TKA when both are indicated is not straightforward. The goal of this study was to compare pre-operative and post-operative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores for patients who underwent both a UKA and a contralateral TKA. Methods In this study, 17 patients were identified who underwent UKA in one knee and TKA in the contralateral knee either simultaneously or at different time points between 2003 and 2014. All procedures were performed by one of two fellowship trained surgeons at a large academic medical center. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and then post-operatively using the validated PRO measurements Short Form 12 (SF12), Knee Society Functional Score (KSS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires. Student’s paired t-tests were conducted to compare PRO scores for UKA and TKA pre-operatively and post-operatively. Results Post-operatively, mean follow-up was 2.5 years (range, 3 months to 9 years). There was no significant difference in PRO scores between pre-operative values for UKA and TKA, and no significant difference between post-operative values for UKA and TKA (e.g. SF12 pre-operative difference between UKA and TKA mean = 1.6, p = 0.57; SF12 post-operative difference between UKA and TKA mean = 1.9, p = 0.51). Conclusion UKA and TKA are comparable in terms of PROs at mid-term follow-up. When choosing between UKA and TKA, the surgeon should expect similar PROs for each, and can therefore take into account other considerations when making a selection.
La restauración del absolutismo (1814-1820) en la historiografía liberal decimonónica y en los Episodios nacionales de Benito Pérez Galdós

En este articulo se analiza la imagen que la historiografia liberal decimononica construye acerca de la restauracion del absolutismo fernandino (1814-1820), comparandola con la que ofrece Benito Perez Galdos en los episodios Memorias de un cortesano de 1815 y La segunda casaca . Los dos componentes de esta imagen son la figura de Fernando VII y la crisis politica que conduce a la quiebra del regimen en 1820. En el apartado de las conclusiones, se senalan las semejanzas y las diferencias entre la vision de los historiadores y la de Galdos.