cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain white mater differences between normal subjects and ALS patients assessed by diffusion tensor imaging

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. A reliable, noninvasive, and objective imaging method of upper motor neuron involvement is critical for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in ALS patients. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to show differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion in brain white matter in ALS patients compared to normal controls of the same age group. In this paper, we studied the spatial extent of the brain areas affected in ALS patients using DTI. Our preliminary results show significantly higher FA values in normal subjects compared to ALS patients localized in the left and right frontal and temporal lobes.
Vault ribonucleoprotein particles and the central mass of the nuclear pore complex

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are macromolecular pores that span the nuclear envelope and undergo conformational changes in response to changes in cisternal calcium levels. Depletion of cisternal calcium leads to the appearance of a mass within the pore. The identity and role of this central mass remain unknown, although some studies suggest they are vault complexes. Vault complexes are 13 MDa ribonucleoproteins found in the cytoplasm and recently in the nuclei of some species, suggesting that they associate with NPCs to cross the nuclear envelope. Using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements between labeled vaults and NPCs, we find significant energy transfer suggesting that vaults and NPCs are closely associated at the nuclear envelope. This is supported by high-resolution electron microscopy measurements revealing significant spatial correlations between gold-labeled vaults and NPCs. As the location of the central mass in the NPC is dependent on cisternal calcium levels, FRET signals under conditions of varying cisternal calcium were also measured and shown to undergo significant changes. Together, these findings suggest that the central mass observed in NPCs may be, at least in part, due to the presence of vaults in the pore. Possible roles in cyto-nuclear trafficking are discussed.
Rapid chelation of calcium entering isolated rat brain nerve terminals during stimulation inhibits neurotransmitter release

Abstract The intracellular actions of calcium chelators on the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate from isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) were examined. Preloading synaptosomes with the rapid calcium-binding chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N′,N′ - tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) resulted in a decrease in K + -stimulated glutamate release to nearly half that of controls, whereas preloading with the calcium chelator EGTA, whose action is less rapid than that of BAPTA, was without effect. Inhibition of glutamate release was also observed on preloading synaptosomes with dibromo-BAPTA, but not with dinitro-BAPTA. K + -stimulated, Ca 2+ -dependent synaptosomal protein phosphorylation was not affected after preloading with BAPTA. The results suggest that the calcium-dependent intracellular component essential for triggering the secretory response in mammalian brain nerve terminals resides near the calcium channels, binding; calcium rapidly on its entry during stimulation.
Fifteen New Species of Thagria Melichar from Thailand (Hemiptera:Cicadellidae;Coelidiinae)

ABSTRACT: Fifteen new species of leafhoppers from Thailand are described in the genus Thagria. These are hamula, subta, acrodens, expanda, bicurta, nielsoni, quadrata, delta, longistyla, anisa, chelata, trispinosa, basirama, anisota and acuminata. All species are from various National Parks in Thailand. Also a checklist of the known species of Thagria from Thailand, with distribution records and two new synonyms are given.
The hypothalamus exhibits electrophysiologic evidence for morphine tolerance and dependence.

Abstract The electrophysiologic effects of morphine (10 mg/kg) were studied in naive rats and after chronic morphine treatment for 5 days. Spontaneous multiunit activity was recorded from the ventromedial hypothalamus of unanesthetized, freely behaving rats implanted previously with permanent electrodes. In the naive condition, firing rates were altered by morphine in 60 of 73 multiunits. After development of tolerance, 28 of multiunits responded to the morphine challenge dose, in 22 of which the direction of change was opposite that observed in the naive condition. The other six were not affected by morphine on day 1 of the experiment and became sensitive to the morphine challenge dose only after the animal had become physically dependent on morphine. Predrug baseline activity in morphine physically dependent rats was altered in 23 recordings compared to the predrug activity obtained in morphine naive animals. Based on effects of morphine and naloxone, responses could be grouped into six electrophysiologic patterns which provide for separation of tolerance from the dependence phenomena.
Designing Internet instructional environments (poster)

In the last 15 years, there has a sea change in technology-based instructional environments. Early and simple environments such as Hypercard stacks have given way to richer interactive instructional environments where the learner is relatively free to explore at her own pace and to construct meaningful conceptual schema within the context of that environment.Transferring these new and rich environments to the Internet pose significant problems among which are security, interactive communication, data storage and bandwidth.The purpose of this poster session is to present an example of how an instructional environment can be delivered via the World Wide Web. The purpose is to identify strategies for the deliver of instructional materials and environments over the Internet. In doing so, the author hopes to open the door to discussion and to the development of well-defined tools for instructional application development.
Methods for the Comparative Analysis of Organophosphate Residues in Four Compartments of Needles of Pinus ponderosa

The extent of interaction between vapor phase organophosphate pesticides and plant foliage is not known. Pesticide vapors may deposit onto foliage while bound to dust particles, sorb directly to the surface, sorb into the cuticle, or penetrate to the interior of the leaf. On the basis of these different modes of interaction, four compartments of leaves are identified as significant: water-dislodgable surface material; surfactant-soluble surface material; chloroform-soluble cuticular wax; and the remaining material after the removal of the first three compartments. Analytical methods have been developed for the comparative determination of organophosphate insecticides in these four compartments of Pinus ponderosa needles and of their oxons in the first three. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined with diazinon, methidathion, and chlorpyrifos and their respective oxons in extracts of untreated pines and were then field-tested with needles collected from ponderosa pines growing in the Arbor...
Cardiac Mechanics at the Cellular Level

The active mechanical properties of heart muscle are load, length, and time-dependent. The capability for investigating cardiac mechanisms at the cellular level may help to distinguish between those properties of the myocardium which arise from myocardial cells and those which arise from the tissue architecture and extracellular matrix of connective fibers. We present here, for the first time, a general approach for subjecting single heart cells to isometric, isotonic, afterloaded, or physiological loading sequences, while obtaining on-line measures of cell force and length. This approach has been implemented and tested on freshly dissociated, adult frog ventricular myocytes. Examples are presented for each of the four loading sequences.
A New Generation of Gender: Learning Patience From Our Gender Nonconforming Patients

A is a 16-year-old who was born male and grew up as a first-generation Russian American in a large metropolitan area. As a child, AA preferred to play with dolls and showed little interest in physical sports. AA enjoyed fantasy play almost exclusively with the girls in the neighborhood and would frequently take the role of the girl characters in science- fiction scenarios. With time, AA began to expe- rience a sense of having a gender that did not match AA's birth sex. At the commencement of puberty, AA began to explore modes of gender expression, growing long hair, and occasionally having painted nails. AA identified to peers as neither male nor female, but somewhere in between, yet preferred to be called by feminine pronouns. Some peers found this easy to under- stand, but others called AA strange or excluded AA. AA often wore feminine tops but also sometimes added brightly colored skinny ties. AA did not feel compelled to take hormones or to go through surgical procedures to change body shape. In the initial evaluation, AA expressed romantic interest in girls and boys and liked to kiss and spend time with friends trying on each other's clothes. AA was initially more guarded about more overt sexual fantasies or behaviors. AA'sparentscame to an adolescent gender clinic because they were concerned about how to ap- proach AA. They had been asked to call AA by feminine pronouns but believed that AA might be a gay male and did not want AA to come out to others as female if AA would realize a gay male identity later. It made them uncomfortable that they did not know what to tell people, especially in their conservative neighborhood and within their church. They wanted AA to make a decision about being gay or transgender. When AA came in for an initial evaluation, the clinician discovered that AA had begun to experience depressive symptoms and withdraw from social and family life to a network of like- minded people in various Internet chat groups and role-playing games. AA's schoolwork was deteriorating, and AA was expressing hopeless- ness and suicidal ideation.
The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A Problem for Representational Theories of Consciousness

Dans le cadre du dossier de la revue «Philosophical perspectives» (12, 1998, pp. 411-487) consacre a la conscience et aux qualias, l'A. etudie le probleme qui se pose a toute theorie representationnaliste de la conscience, qu'elle soit forte ou faible, concernant les representations cerebrales conscientes et inconscientes. Definissant la reponse apportee par W. Lycan (in «Consciousness and experience», 1996) en termes de division du travail phenomenal entre la qualite de l'experience consciente et la conscience de la qualite experimentee, l'A. montre que cette position pose probleme tant du point de vue des qualias que de la subjectivite. - L'article est suivi de deux autres commentaires sur l'ouvrage de W. Lycan par G. Rey («A narrow representationalist account of qualitative experience», pp. 435-58) et M. Tye («Inverted earth, swampman and representationism», pp. 459-478), puis de la reponse de W. Lycan a ses critiques («In defense of the representational theory of qualia: reply to Neander, Rey and Tye», pp. 479-87)
Transition-edge microbolometer

The TREMBOL (transition-edge microbolometer) and the composite TREMBOL are introduced as detectors for FIR imaging arrays. The TREMBOL uses a superconductor's sharp change in resistance at the normal conduction to superconduction transition. The structure of the composite TREMBOL enables heating of the individual detectors in an array up to their transition temperature, and can thus be used in multiplexing, which would be very advantageous for two-dimensional arrays.
Finite element analysis of tailor-welded blanks

A typical tailor-welded blank (TWB) is composed of several base metals, which might have different mechanical properties as well as thickness. Moreover, a TWB contains a heat-affected zone (HAZ) which has quite different mechanical properties from base materials. The forming behaviors of TWBs have been widely studied since they were first developed as a way of using collectible offal. They are often modeled by shell elements assuming the midsurfaces are in the same plane. Base materials are tied together along the weld lines so that the HAZ is neglected. In this paper, various finite element models for TWB including HAZ are presented. An appropriate model based on the considerations of accuracy and computing efficiency is suggested. Free-bend test (three-point bend test), stretch-bend test (OSU formability test) and limit dome height (LDH) test are performed to verify the proposed numerical modeling technique for TWBs.
Thermal reversibility of crystal surface structure and its contribution to degree of crystallinity in natural rubber and trans-polyisoprene

Abstract The small-angle X-ray and electron microscopy results of the reversible phenomena of long period and/or crystal and amorphous fold thicknesses with temperature in natural rubber and trans-polyisoprene are presented and discussed in detail. The results cannot be accounted for satisfactorily by either the premelting theory or the solid-state refolding mechanism, but can best be explained by a recrystallization by refolding from a transient liquid-crystalline state. A substantial portion of the long period reversibility is seen to arise from the changes in amorphous surface thickness with temperature. This explains to a large extent the reversibility of crystallinity with temperature and the limiting crystallinity in natural rubber and trans-polyisoprene, and probably in other materials as well.
Estimation of Respiratory Irritancy from Inhaled Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether in Mice

AbstractThe Clean Air Act Amendments require the use of oxygenated fuels in the winter months to reduce carbon monoxide levels in areas of the country that exceed national health standards for carbon monoxide. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE, CAS number 1634–04–4) is the most widely used fuel additive for this purpose. During implementation, people in a few areas of the country reported nose, eye, and throat irritation. Jo evaluate the potential for MTBE to produce symptoms indicative of sensory irritation, mice were tested using a standard bioassay. Concentration-response data obtained from 1-h exposures to MTBE between 300 and 30,000 mglm3 revealed that slight to severe sensory irritation occurred with exposure to all concentrations. At the highest concentration both sensory and pulmonary irritation was observed, indicative of acute lung injury. However, lung lavage protein and lactate deliydrogenase measurements did not support this contention. Respiratory rate was predicted by linear interpolation t...
An organic/Si nanowire hybrid field configurable transistor.

We report a field configurable transistor (FCT) fabricated on a Si nanowire FET platform by integrating a thin film of conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (...
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON HEMATOPOIESIS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED ADULT FEMALE RATS1

THE fact that hypophysectomy is followed by an anemia is well established. This has been found to be true for every animal investigated as well as for the human being. Growth hormone has been one of several hormones used as a therapy to prevent this anemia but with confusing results. Meyer, Stewart, Thewlis, and Rusch (1) found that growth hormone would stimulate bone marrow so that the reticulocyte number was greatly increased, but the erythrocyte count was not altered. Gaebler and Mathies (2) found that growth hormone had no effect on the hemoglobin level of hypophysectomized rats. Van Dyke, Simpson, Garcia, and Evans (3) also were unable to prevent post-hypophysectomy anemia with daily injections of 1.25 mg. of growth hormone for 30 days. The erythrocyte count, hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin level, and the total cell volume per 100 gm. of body weight were not changed from levels exhibited by the the untreated hypophysectomized rats. Crafts (4) reported similar results with gradually increasing doses...
Avian Pox: Infection and Immunity with Quail, Psittacine, Fowl, and Pigeon Pox Viruses

Quail, chickens, and turkeys vaccinated with pigeon and fowl pox viruses were not protected against challenge of their immunity with quail pox virus and they developed severe cutaneous lesions of pox. When quail and chickens were vaccinated with quail pox virus and given pigeon and fowl pox challenge viruses, no protection was present. Thus, quail pox virus had no immunologic relationship to pigeon and fowl pox viruses. Psittacine pox virus applied as a vaccine in quail and chickens also failed to protect against quail pox virus challenge. However, quail, chickens, and turkeys vaccinated with quail pox virus were protected against quail pox virus challenge. An isolate of psittacine pox virus, applied as a vaccine, protected chickens against challenge with the same virus isolate and also against challenge with two other psittacine pox virus isolates, confirming a close or identical antigenic relationship with each other. When combined in a multivalent vaccine, quail, psittacine, and fowl pox viruses induced excellent protection in chickens against challenge with the three respective viruses. The presence or absence of "takes" or reactions following vaccination by the wing web route did not necessarily correlate with the presence or absence of immunity noted from challenge by feather follicle virus application. The role of quail and psittacine pox viruses as potential pathogens for poultry was discussed briefly.
Inefficiencies in the National Hockey League Points System and the Teams That Take Advantage

In the current National Hockey League (NHL) points system (PS), there are increased incentives for teams to play overtime games against nonconference opponents. We use empirical data across three r...
Circulating immune complexes in dermatologic disease.

Assays for circulating immune complexes have proven to be useful tools in investigating the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. Soluble immune complex-like material has been detected in the sera of patients with connective tissue, infectious, neoplastic, and renal diseases, as well as many others. In some instances good correlations exist between the presence and levels of immune complexes and clinical disease activity, while in others the association is less striking or non-existent. The importance of these findings is undergoing constant reevaluation as more and more studies are performed.
Performance of a Population of Independent Filaments in Lamellipodial Protrusion

Actin polymerization is responsible for moving a wide variety of loads, from the protrusion of membrane-bound filopodia and lamellipodia of immune, cancer, and other motile cells, to the propulsion of some intracellular pathogens. A universal explanation of the forces and velocities generated by these systems has been hampered by a lack of understanding in how a population of independent filaments pushes these loads. Protrusion of a lamellipodium by the very filaments supporting the membrane load is thought to operate by the Brownian ratchet mechanism, with overall organization governed by the dendritic-nucleation/array-treadmilling model. We have incorporated these two models into a two-dimensional, stochastic computer model of lamellipodial protrusion, and studied how force and velocity generation varied under different assumptions. Performance is very sensitive to the extent to which the work of protrusion is shared among individual polymerization events within the filament population. Three identified mechanisms promote this "work-sharing": 1), Most systems, including lamellipodia, utilize a self-organizing distribution of filament-load distances which serves to decrease the effective size of a monomer and dramatically improve performance. 2), A flexible membrane allows for consistent performance over wide leading edges. 3), Finally, very flexible filaments are capable of sharing work very uniformly, and therefore, of near-perfect theoretical performance. Transient tethering to the lamellipodial membrane limits their efficacy, however, and mandates a minimum filament stiffness. Overall, we estimate lamellipodia to operate with 40-nm bending-length filaments and low characteristic tether forces. Modeled lamellipodia exhibit sigmoidal force-velocity relationships and share the work of protrusion only moderately well among filaments, performing at approximately one-half of theoretical force and velocity maximums. At this level of work-sharing, the natural monomer size is optimal for generating velocity.
The Rite of Relocation: Social and Material Transformations in the Midwestern United States

AbstractConcerns of appropriate housing may arise in older adulthood. Some older adults may make life work in the place we call home; others take steps to voluntarily relocate in anticipation of health and other needs. While moving at any age can be challenging, moving from one's home in later life also represents multiple reflections: past, present, and future selves, control of one's space and relinquishing the care of one's space to another person or corporation, family support and family fissures, and the body's capacities and limitations. Moving is examined as a moment where regimes of value are negotiated through competing semiotic ideologies and at times social roles are transformed. Ethnographic fieldwork occurred from January 2009 to May 2012 in the Midwest United States. This paper presents experiences of relocation of material and social role transformation as older adults make this housing and, writ large, life transition.
Analysis of fatty acids in lipids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract Lipids were characterised by HPLC after hydrolysis and esterification (in a one-pot reaction) to prepare UV-absorbing esters of their fatty acids. The derivatives were separated by gradient elution on a reversed phase column and detected by dual-wavelength monitoring. This approach enabled identities to be verified before quantification was undertaken. Identity confirmation is an alternative to the conventional group fractionation of fats, prior to fatty acid profiling, when handling difficult or complex samples.
Markers of inflammation before and after curative ablation of atrial flutter

Background Atrial arrhythmias are associated with inflammation. The cause and effect of the association are unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that atrial tachyarrhythmias contribute to inflammation. Methods We performed a prospective observational study wherein C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels from the femoral vein and coronary sinus (CS) were compared before curative ablation for atrial flutter (AFL; n=59) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT; n=110). Follow-up levels were obtained at 1 and 6 months. Results Peripheral levels of both biomarkers were significantly higher in the AFL group. After multivariate adjustment, only those in the AFL group who presented in AFL or atrial fibrillation (AF) had significantly elevated CRP levels (odds ratio 1.26; P = .033). Levels of each marker were similar in the CS and peripheral blood in the SVT group; in the AFL group, both CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower in the CS than in the periphery ( P = .0076 and P = .0021, respectively). CRP was significantly lower a median of 47 days after AFL ablation (from a median of 6.28 mg/L to a median of 2.92 mg/L; P = .028) and remained reduced at second follow-up. IL-6 decreased across three time points after AFL ablation ( P = .002). No reduction in inflammatory biomarkers was observed after SVT ablation. Conclusions CRP and IL-6 levels are elevated in patients presenting in AFL. Given the lower CS values in these patients, their origin appears to be systemic rather than cardiac. Because these levels significantly fall after ablation of AFL, the atrial tachyarrhythmia appears to be the cause (not the effect) of the inflammation.
Can autism be triggered by acetaminophen activation of the endocannabinoid system

Acetaminophen use in children has been associated with increased autism risk. Recent evidence suggests that acetaminophen's analgesic actions result from activation of the endocannabinoid system, and activation of this system can have neuromodulatory consequences during development. This investigation was performed to determine if there is evidence to support the hypothesis that acetaminophen use can trigger autism by activation of the endocannabinoid system.
Aging of AuFe alloys and microstructure evolution

Abstract Although an archetypal spin-glass system, the microstructural characteristics of AuFe alloys are still not clear. In the present work, aging experiments were performed in order to understand the microstructure evolution and precipitation characteristics in AuFe alloys with an iron content from 10.7 to 33 at.%. The precipitation characteristics such as precipitate morphology, size and precipitation mechanisms, depending on the nucleation site and aging temperature, are different from those in the CuBe and AlCu systems from the beginning. Three different precipitate morphologies were seen after aging, but the precipitation process in each case is simply that b.c.c. α-Fe enriched by gold atoms forms as plate- or rectangular-rod-shaped precipitates in the matrix. The crystallographic orientation relationship between the matrix and precipitates obeys the Bain relationship with a little deviation. The predicted habit plane and other microstructural characteristics are consistent with experimental results and offer an explanation for the difference between the initial stage precipitation in the AuFe system and that in the CuBe and AlCu systems. Consequently, we suggest that the ( 1 1 2 0 ) diffuse reflections appear not to be produced by iron-rich clusters at the initial stage.
Killing the angel in academe: feminist praxis in action research1

Abstract ‘It is far too easy for academics to slip back into speaking for practitioners because of our elevated cultural, political, and institutional positions.’ In this article, I argue that feminist praxis through action research is a way for practitioners/authors/higher education researchers to work and publish together while not silencing any one voice in favour of another.
Treatment Integrity in Behavioral Consultation: Measurement, Promotion, and Outcomes

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of research in the area of treatment integrity as it relates to behavioral consultation. To this end, four primary topics are discussed. First, a rationale for why treatment integrity is an important professional and methodological concern is presented. Second, conceptualizations of treatment integrity as a dimensional construct and methods for assessing treatment integrity are reviewed. Third, variables hypothesized to moderate treatment integrity and the empirical basis for several strategies to promote treatment integrity are summarized. Finally, the relationship between treatment integrity and outcomes is discussed. Research from related fields that may influence thinking and practice related to treatment integrity within behavioral consultation are discussed throughout.
The development of representational insight: beyond the model/room paradigm

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine whether very young children have difficulty with dual representations when change in perspective has been eliminated, that is, the task no longer requires transfer between a traversable and surveyable array. In a preliminary experiment children 30 and 36 months of age attempted to transfer an action observed with one of four tools associated with a child-size workbench to a miniature replica of that workbench or vice versa. Children at both ages exhibited limited success on both transfer and memory trials; the demands of selecting a tool and transferring the appropriate imitative response were hypothesized to exceed their processing capacity. A second experiment using an object-retrieval procedure involving the two workbenches revealed successful transfer by 36-month-olds, but not 30-month-olds. The results confirm that limitations in dual representation extend to contexts other than the room and model of the room paradigm where spatial perspective differs. The results are discussed in terms of procedures that support or interfere with children’s ability to demonstrate symbolic insight.
SU‐E‐J‐111: Skin Entrance Dose Estimation for the Radiographic Image Guidance at the Various Anatomic Regions of the CyberKnife Radiation Treatment

Purpose: The patient treatment data were collected, and skin entrance doses were estimated retrospectively using the preliminary exposure measurements. Methods: Forty‐one brain cases, 21 thorax cases, 16 spine cases, and 13 abdomen/pelvis cases were treated by CyberKnife irradiation from July, 2009, to February, 2011. The preliminary exposure measurements were performed with a 6 cc RadCal ion chamber at the iso‐center, whose distance was 230 cm from the focal spot of each X‐ray tube. Exposure measurements were made over ranges of 80 kV to 150 kV, 50 mA to 320 mA, and 50 msec to 640 msec. The total number of X‐ray images associated with each CyberKnife treatment was retrieved. Then, the skin entrance doses from imaging were estimated to the different anatomic treatment regions, such as brain, thorax, spine, and abdomen/pelvis, using the exposure measurements. Results: The average skin entrance dose for the brain region treatment was 17cGy (range of 3cGy to 53 cGy); for the thorax region treatment, 53cGy (range of 23 cGy to 112 cGy); for the abdomen and pelvis region treatment, 41cGy (range of 17 cGy to 111 cGy); and for the spine region treatment, 28cGy (range of 6 cGy to 68 cGy). Conclusions: The estimated average additional skin entrance dose from imaging delivered to the patients was 1.2% of the prescription treatmentdose (range 0.2% to 4.6%).
Use of brief time out with three schizophrenic patients

Abstract Brief 5-min response-contingent time out was used to eliminate the inappropriate behavior of three hospitalized psychiatric patients who were diagnosed as chronic schizophrenics. The brief time out procedure was effective in eliminating the aberrant behavior.
Shopping Motives Constructionist Perspective

Some twenty years ago the Journal of Marketing published an article by Edward Tauber entitled ‘Why do people Shop?', which hypothesised that shopping trips were not always related to the purchase of goods, and that a number of other social and personal motives account for shopping behaviour. This article is an updated replication of Tauber's study but was conducted under an explicitly different set of metatheoretical assumptions from those implicit in Tauber's 1972 piece. Tauber's basic findings are corroborated but significantly developed in this replication, which is grounded on constructionist rather than positivistic assumptions. Accordingly, motives are defined not as internalised states but as descriptive or ascriptive accounts of some contextualised act, expressed in terms of prefigurative or practical logical force. Three key findings distinguish this article from the earlier one. First, people account for their shopping behaviour in terms of logical force. Shopping trips are made both as a result...
Fragrance material review on 2-phenoxyethyl propionate.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-phenoxyethyl propionate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Phenoxyethyl propionate is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohol Simple Acid Esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1–4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 2-phenoxyethyl propionate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, skin sensitization, and genotoxicity data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2012. A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients.
Biochemical fractionation and assembly of the membrane components that mediate nascent chain targeting and translocation.

Abstract Fractionation of a microsomal detergent extract with ammonium sulfate allows separation of the signal recognition particle receptor (SRα), which is required for targeting of the nascent chain, from other microsomal proteins, such as signal peptidase, whose activity is displayed during subsequent translocation. The reconstituted SRα-enriched fraction is functional in assays of precursor targeting and elongation arrest release but lacks translocation activity. This defect can be complemented by addition, prior to reconstitution, of a separate protein subfraction. In addition, protein components necessary for translocation can be reversibly depleted from the complementary fraction, under conditions where precursor targeting is retained, by sulfhydryl-directed chromatography. Thus, precursor binding and translocation can be biochemically uncoupled, indicating that they are sequential reactions mediated by distinct components.
The Role of Antioxidants on the Oxidation Stability of Oils with F-ZDDP and ZDDP, and Chemical Structure of Tribofilms Using XANES

Oxidative degradation reduces the effectiveness of lubricants, increases their acidity and viscosity, and contributes to the formation of sludge and deposits. Fluorinated zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (F-ZDDP) has been shown to be a better antiwear additive in comparison to zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP). This study examines the oxidation stability of formulations with ZDDP and F-ZDDP. Oil samples containing F-ZDDP and ZDDP and various types of antioxidants such as alkylated diphenyl amines (ADPA), hindered phenols (HP), methylene bis dithiocarbamate (MBDTC), and molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) were oxidized in flowing air. The viscosity and the total acid number were measured and the products of oxidation were quantified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An oxidation study in base oil indicates that ADPA, HP, and MBDTC assisted in reducing the level of oxidation in the base oil while MoDTC was antagonistic, resulting in acceleration of the oxidation process. The F-ZDDP exhibited oxida...
Current progress on TPF-I mid-infrared achromatic nulling at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Infrared interferometric nulling is a promising technology for exoplanet detection. Nulling research for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer has explored several interferometer architectures at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The most recent efforts have focused on an architecture which employs a geometric field flip to achieve the necessary π phase delay in the interferometer. The periscope design currently in use allows for a completely achromatic phase flip. Deep interferometric nulling requires optical path stability, precision optical alignment, intensity balancing, and dispersion correction. This paper will discuss recent efforts to implement a precision optical alignment, stabilize the interferometer environment, implement optical path metrology, control intensity balance, and compensate for dispersion introduced by beamsplitter mismatch.
A regionalized national universal kriging model using Partial Least Squares regression for estimating annual PM2.5 concentrations in epidemiology.

Many cohort studies in environmental epidemiology require accurate modeling and prediction of fine scale spatial variation in ambient air quality across the U.S. This modeling requires the use of small spatial scale geographic or “land use” regression covariates and some degree of spatial smoothing. Furthermore, the details of the prediction of air quality by land use regression and the spatial variation in ambient air quality not explained by this regression should be allowed to vary across the continent due to the large scale heterogeneity in topography, climate, and sources of air pollution. This paper introduces a regionalized national universal kriging model for annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring data across the U.S. To take full advantage of an extensive database of land use covariates we chose to use the method of Partial Least Squares, rather than variable selection, for the regression component of the model (the “universal” in “universal kriging”) with regression coefficients and residual variogram models allowed to vary across three regions defined as West Coast, Mountain West, and East. We demonstrate a very high level of cross-validated accuracy of prediction with an overall R2 of 0.88 and well-calibrated predictive intervals. In accord with the spatially varying characteristics of PM2.5 on a national scale and differing kriging smoothness parameters, the accuracy of the prediction varies by region with predictive intervals being notably wider in the West Coast and Mountain West in contrast to the East.
Combined Limb-Sparing Surgery and Radiation Therapy to Treat Sarcomas of the Hands and Feet: Long-Term Cancer Outcomes and Morbidity

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate local control, survival outcomes, and complication rates of patients treated with limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy (RT) for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the hands and feet. Methods and Materials We reviewed the medical records of 85 consecutive patients treated for STS of the hands (n=38, 45%) and feet (n=47, 55%) between 1966 and 2012. The median age was 41 years (range, 10-82 years of age). Sixty-seven patients (79%) received postoperative RT after resection of their tumor (median dose, 60 Gy; range, 45-70 Gy). The remaining 18 patients (21%) were treated with preoperative RT followed by tumor resection (median dose, 50 Gy; range, 50-64 Gy). Results Median follow-up was 140 months (range, 24-442 months). Five-year local control, overall survival, and disease-specific survival rates were 86%, 89%, and 89%, respectively. Positive or uncertain surgical margin status was the only factor adversely associated with local recurrence (19% vs 6% for negative margins, P =.046) but this lost significance on multivariate analysis when adjusting for RT dose ≥64 Gy. Of the 12 patients who had local relapses, 6 (50%) were salvaged, and only 2 of those required salvage amputation. Five patients had grade ≥3 late RT sequelae, with 2 patients (2%) having moderate limitations of limb function and 3 patients (4%) having severe limitations requiring procedures for skin ulceration. Conclusions Limb-sparing surgery combined with RT provides excellent local control outcomes for sarcomas arising in the hands or feet. In patients who have local recurrence, salvage without amputation is possible. The excellent cancer control outcomes observed, considering the minimal impact on limb function, support use of combined modality, limb-sparing local therapy for STS arising in the hands or feet.
Blood pressure variability and plasma catecholamines in man. Effect of propranolol therapy.

Abstract Blood pressure variability and plasma catecholamine concentrations were monitored during a 60-min period in the supine position and 15-min period in the standing position in 13 normotensive and 20 age-matched hypertensive subjects. The standard deviation of 30 and 7 blood pressure measurements in the supine and standing positions, respectively, was taken as the index of pressure variability. In the hypertensive patients measurements were repeated while on propranolol therapy for 6 to 8 weeks. Blood pressure variability was correlated to the levels of blood pressure and was significantly greater in the hypertensive than the normotensive group. Plasma epinephrine concentration was correlated with blood pressure variability in both positions in the normotensive and hypertensive subjects, whereas plasma norepinephrine concentration was correlated with variability of blood pressure in the hypertensive group only. Quiet standing was associated with an increase in both blood pressure variability and plasma catecholamine concentration. The administration of propranolol at a daily dosage of 160 to 320 mg slightly decreased blood pressure and did not affect variability significantly, although both epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly during propranolol therapy.
Utilization of FibroScan in Clinical Practice

The evaluation of liver fibrosis is critical, particularly to rule out cirrhosis. Novel non-invasive tests such as transient ultrasound elastography are widely used to stage liver fibrosis as an alternative to liver biopsy, and this technology has recently been approved in the US. In this review, we discuss the performance characteristics of elastography for a variety of liver diseases and highlight practical appropriate suggestions for how to incorporate this technology into clinical practice.
MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF MOUNTAIN LIONS DURING DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS

We used radiotracking and other observations to describe nocturnal movement patterns of mountain lions ( Felis concolor ) during six different behaviors and attempted to estimate behavior rates by inference from such patterns. When hunting, mountain lions apparently stalked or sat in ambush for periods averaging 0.7 h and then moved a mean distance of 1.4 km (over 1.2 h) to another area; this pattern repeated about six times on nights when no prey was killed. When a mammal was killed, this pattern was suspended until the carcass was consumed (4–6 h for a small mammal, 2–5 days for a large mammal). When feeding on a large mammal, mountain lions minimized spoilage and loss to scavengers by dragging the kill 0–80 m to a cache site, burying the carcass under leaves and debris during the daytime, and feeding only at night. Mountain lions increased the risk of loss to scavengers by locating diurnal rest sites up to 4.2 km ( X = 400 m, SD = 787) from the carcass. Mating associations lasted 2–5 days, during which mountain lions traveled little, vocalized frequently, and apparently did not feed. Mothers of neonates hunted from dusk to midnight and then returned to the den; mothers spent increasing amounts of time at greater distances from the den during the first 8 weeks after giving birth. Dens were located in nearly impenetrable vegetation and den sites lacked feces, prey remains, or modifications of the site. On average, an adult mountain lion killed ca. 48 large and 58 small mammals/year and fed for an average of 2.9 days ( SD = 1.1) on a single large mammal. Although movement patterns differed markedly among behaviors, discriminant functions failed to accurately predict behavior from movement patterns.
The application of a graph-partitioning algorithm to the scheduling of curriculum requirements

Abstract In this paper we consider a problem involving the scheduling of courses to academic terms in order that curriculum requirements be satisfied. The problem is converted to one in which a set of sub-graphs of a complete graph are sought which are of maximal total edge weight. A previously developed algorithm is modified to treat the problem such that a step-by-step procedure is given and demonstrated. Computational experience with the algorithm is discussed.
Clinical supervision: A three-way mirror

The principles and process of a model of clinical supervision for psychotherapy are presented and described through two cases. The model draws heavily from Bowen's family systems theory and Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations. The relationships in the client-family, client-therapist, and therapist-supervisor systems mirror each other, and changes in self-definition, and in the management of anxiety of persons in one system catalyzes changes in parallel systems. Two cases illustrate the model. In the first case, anxiety needed to be raised to levels optimal for learning. In the second case, no learning occurred until levels of anxiety were reduced.
Cleaning of optical surfaces with photogenerated reactants

Abstract Cleaning of synchrotron radiation optics with photogenerated reactants has several advantages over discharge cleaning methods. In discharge cleaning, reactive species from the discharge must react with contamination on the surface while the surface is shielded from the harsher elements of the discharge which can contaminate or degrade the surface. In contrast, if reactive species can be generated near the surface by photons, the problem of shielding can be eliminated and in some cases higher cleaning rates can be obtained. Different cleaning methods were evaluated by measuring the rates of removal of polymethylmethacrylate films with a thickness monitor. A number of different light sources and geometries were tested. The highest cleaning rates were observed with atmospheric-pressure UV/ozone cleaning. This method has been extensively investigated for cleaning of hydrocarbon contamination from semiconductor surfaces. Our studies indicate that it is also effective in removing the graphite-like contamination from synchrotron radiation optics. Compared to lower pressure methods it is simple, low cost, faster, and more selective. It does require venting of vacuum chambers; however, in many cases optics can be cleaned without demounting, saving considerable time and effort. This method has been used successfully to clean gratings and mirrors in several beamlines.
Proposed structural mechanism of Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein cAMP-dependent proteolytic cleavage protection and selective and nonselective DNA binding.

The Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CRP) displays biphasic characteristics in protease and ‚-galactosidase induction assays at increasing cAMP concentrations in response to ligand binding at the secondary binding site located between the primary binding site and the DNA binding domain. Two mutants were created to determine the mechanistic reason for the CRP biphasic response by inhibiting binding of cAMP to the secondary site via interference with the Arg 181 interaction with the ligand's phosphate. The S179A/R180D/E181H mutant binds two cAMP molecules per dimer, does not exhibit a biphasic response, lacks selective DNA binding, and has inhibited nonselective DNA binding. The R180K mutant binds four cAMP molecules per dimer, exhibits a biphasic response, nonselective DNA binding similar to CRP, but has inhibited selective DNA binding characteristics. The results are consistent with a2 2-binding site scheme were both primary binding sites must be occupied before the secondary binding sites are occupied. A structural mechanism suggesting the secondary sites are formed by binding of cAMP to the primary sites is proposed. AMMP-generated molecular models suggest that R180 orients E181 to produce selective DNA binding, Arg 169 interactions are necessary for nonselective DNA binding, and the position of Leu 57 inhibits chymotrypsin cleavage of Phe 136. DNA binding results suggest that CRP may be the unknown transcription factor which binds to the temperature sensitive dsrA promoter.