cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of subunits of the T-cell receptor and murine leukemia virus enhancer core-binding factor.

Moloney murine leukemia virus causes thymic leukemias when injected into newborn mice. A major determinant of the thymic disease specificity of Moloney virus genetically maps to the conserved viral core motif in the Moloney virus enhancer. Point mutations introduced into the core site significantly shifted the disease specificity of the Moloney virus from thymic leukemia to erythroid leukemia (N.A. Speck, B. Renjifo, E. Golemis, T.N. Fredrickson, J.W. Hartley, and N. Hopkins, Genes Dev. 4:233-242, 1990). We previously reported the purification of core-binding factors (CBF) from calf thymus nuclei (S. Wang and N.A. Speck, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:89-102, 1992). CBF binds to core sites in murine leukemia virus and T-cell receptor enhancers. Affinity-purified CBF contains multiple polypeptides. In this study, we sequenced five tryptic peptides from two of the bovine CBF proteins and isolated three cDNA clones from a mouse thymus cDNA library encoding three of the tryptic peptides from the bovine proteins. The cDNA clones, which we call CBF beta p22.0, CBF beta p21.5, and CBF beta p17.6, encode three highly related but distinct proteins with deduced molecular sizes of 22.0, 21.5, and 17.6 kDa that appear to be translated from multiply spliced mRNAs transcribed from the same gene. CBF beta p22.0, CBF beta p21.5, and CBF beta p17.6 do not by themselves bind the core site. However, CBF beta p22.0 and CBF beta p21.5 form a complex with DNA-binding CBF alpha subunits and as a result decrease the rate of dissociation of the CBF protein-DNA complex. Association of the CBF beta subunits does not extend the phosphate contacts in the binding site. We propose that CBF beta is a non-DNA-binding subunit of CBF and does not contact DNA directly.
Porcine heterografts in dermatologic surgery and reconstruction.

Background.Porcine heterografting is a method that can be used to reestablish the protective integrity of skin after cutaneous injury. These grafts may be used in an assortment of clinical situations for chronic and acute wounds, burn injury, and partial- or full-thickness areas of skin loss.Objecti
Tic20 and Tic22 Are New Components of the Protein Import Apparatus at the Chloroplast Inner Envelope Membrane

Two components of the chloroplast envelope, Tic20 and Tic22, were previously identified as candidates for components of the general protein import machinery by their ability to covalently cross-link to nuclear-encoded preproteins trapped at an intermediate stage in import across the envelope (Kouranov, A., and D.J. Schnell. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 139:1677–1685). We have determined the primary structures of Tic20 and Tic22 and investigated their localization and association within the chloroplast envelope. Tic20 is a 20-kD integral membrane component of the inner envelope membrane. In contrast, Tic22 is a 22-kD protein that is located in the intermembrane space between the outer and inner envelope membranes and is peripherally associated with the outer face of the inner membrane. Tic20, Tic22, and a third inner membrane import component, Tic110, associate with import components of the outer envelope membrane. Preprotein import intermediates quantitatively associate with this outer/inner membrane supercomplex, providing evidence that the complex corresponds to envelope contact sites that mediate direct transport of preproteins from the cytoplasm to the stromal compartment. On the basis of these results, we propose that Tic20 and Tic22 are core components of the protein translocon of the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts.
QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records

Objective To quantify the impact of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on corrected QT interval (QTc), a marker of risk for ventricular arrhythmia, in a large and diverse clinical population. Design A cross sectional study using electrocardiographic, prescribing, and clinical data from electronic health records to explore the relation between antidepressant dose and QTc. Methadone, an opioid known to prolong QT, was included to demonstrate assay sensitivity. Setting A large New England healthcare system comprising two academic medical centres and outpatient clinics. Participants 38 397 adult patients with an electrocardiogram recorded after prescription of antidepressant or methadone between February 1990 and August 2011. Main outcome measures Relation between antidepressant dose and QTc interval in linear regression, adjusting for potential clinical and demographic confounding variables. For a subset of patients, change in QTc after drug dose was also examined. Results Dose-response association with QTc prolongation was identified for citalopram (adjusted beta 0.10 (SE 0.04), P Conclusions This study confirmed a modest prolongation of QT interval with citalopram, and identified additional antidepressants with similar observed risk. Pharmacovigilance studies using electronic health record data may be a useful method of identifying potential risk associated with treatments.
A20 protects endothelial cells from TNF-, Fas-, and NK-mediated cell death by inhibiting caspase 8 activation

A20 is a stress response gene in endothelial cells (ECs). A20 serves a dual cytoprotective function, protecting from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis and inhibiting inflammation via blockade of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). In this study, we evaluated the molecular basis of the cytoprotective function of A20 in EC cultures and questioned whether its protective effect extends beyond TNF to other apoptotic and necrotic stimuli. Our data demonstrate that A20 targets the TNF apoptotic pathway by inhibiting proteolytic cleavage of apical caspases 8 and 2, executioner caspases 3 and 6, Bid cleavage, and release of cytochrome c, thus preserving mitochondrion integrity. A20 also protects from Fas/CD95 and significantly blunts natural killer cell-mediated EC apoptosis by inhibiting caspase 8 activation. In addition to protecting ECs from apoptotic stimuli, A20 safeguards ECs from complement-mediated necrosis. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the cytoprotective effect of A20 in ECs is not limited to TNF-triggered apoptosis. Rather, A20 affords broad EC protective functions by effectively shutting down cell death pathways initiated by inflammatory and immune offenders.
Race and police reliance on suspicious non‐verbal cues

Purpose – This study seeks to evaluate the accuracy of non‐verbal behaviors in differentiating between criminals and innocent citizens in real‐life police‐citizen encounters, and evaluate the impact of race as a confounding influence on the display of these non‐verbal behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – This study involved the frame‐by‐frame analysis of 240 videotaped interactions between citizens and police officers to determine the frequency with which citizens of different races and differing roles (offender versus non‐offender) display specific non‐verbal behaviors officers are trained to believe are indicators of suspicion.Findings – The findings suggest that the non‐verbal cues of frequent speech disruptions, frequent or inappropriate smiles, the avoidance of eye contact, and increased hand gestures are poor indicators of criminal involvement and are strongly influenced by the race/ethnicity of the individual.Research limitations/implications – The videotaped police‐citizen interactions on which...
Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology

Danio is a diverse group of small, colourful and easily bred freshwater fishes native to Southern Asia. Biological interest in danios has increased in recent years because the zebrafish, Danio rerio , has become an important model organism, particularly for studies of vertebrate developmental biology and genetics. Though several phylogenetic studies of Danio have been done on a subset of Danio species, the resulting phylogenies conflict in detail. To examine the utility of osteology for systematics of this group at the species level, we studied the axial skeleton for 11 species of Danio. We analyse our morphological data alone and combined with DNA sequence data for five gene sequences generated in earlier phylogenetic studies. The axial skeleton of Danio exhibits 14 characters that prove useful in phylogenetic analysis. Both molecular and morphological data support the monophyly of the danios included in our analysis and both data sets support the monophyly of two subclades: a deep-bodied group and a slender-bodied group. Separate analysis of molecular and morphological data sets show that the molecular data resolves relationships within the slender subclade whereas the topology of the deep-bodied subclade is determined by morphological data. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 135 , 529–546.
Evaluating the Safety of Diabetes Drugs: Perspective of a Food and Drug Administration insider

Problems had been festering at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for years (1,2). In 2004, the abscess finally broke. First came the recognition that widely used antidepressants were associated with suicide in young patients, and then came the withdrawal of Vioxx. Drugs in diabetes and metabolism have not been spared. The obesity drug Meridia and the lipid-lowering agent Crestor are two of the five drugs whose safety was challenged by FDA epidemiologist Dr. David Graham in testimony before a Senate committee (3). Unique among drug withdrawals is the diabetes drug phenformin, which was declared an imminent hazard by Secretary Califano and was removed from the market in 1977 because of lactic acidosis (4). As was the case with Vioxx, more recent withdrawals of diabetes and metabolism drugs were done by the manufacturers. The obesity drug Redux was removed in 1997 because of heart valvulopathy (5). The diabetes drug Rezulin was removed in 2000 because of liver failure and the lipid-lowering drug Baycol in 2001 because of rhabdomyolysis (6). But the news for diabetes drugs has not been all bad. The concern about lactic acidosis that accompanied the approval of Glucophage has been found to be greatly exaggerated (7). Despite reports of liver injury that appeared shortly after the approval of Avandia, there is little, if any, evidence that either Avandia or the related drug Actos increase the risk of liver injury over background (8). One lesson that should be learned from these examples is that it is hazardous to make firm conclusions about the safety of a new drug. The approval of a new drug is based on safety data from a few thousand patients treated under the intense medical supervision of a clinical trial. The very patients who are likely to have side …
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES DURING PATHOLOGICAL GAIT

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study conducted to elucidate the behavioral characteristics of force, length, velocity, and the electrical activity in lower limb muscles during pathological gait. In this study, a method and model for describing three dimensional gait was developed, and the behavior of muscles in pathological gait was examined for its kinematic and electrical properties. The gaits of a group of children were examined for these characteristics and for the effects of surgery. For this study, the behavior of muscle was derived from subject motion recorded on film. Markers were placed on each subject at the joints and other significant anatomical landmarks. Using a finite impulse response digital filter with the muscle length data, the rates of change of length for the muscle were computed. The results of the study showed that abnormality in a one joint muscle coupled with normality in a two joint muscle sharing the same tendon can affect abnormal changes in two joints.
Status epilepticus in children.

Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) is common, especially in children less than 2years old. In young children, status occurs primarily in those who are neurologically normal and with no prior history of seizures. Prolonged febrile seizures and acute symptomatic seizures are the most common causes of SE in this age group. In older children, SE occurs primarily in those who have a history of epilepsy and who are also neurologically abnormal. Initiation of treatment is recommended after 5–10 minutes of seizure activity and begins with the early use of benzodiazepines. The morbidity and mortality of SE are low and are primarily a function of the underlying etiology. The development of cognitive deficits following an episode of SE not associated with an acute or progressive central nervous system insult is unusual. The risk of future epilepsy is also not increased in children with cryptogenic SE when compared with those with a single brief cryptogenic seizure. Febrile status alone is not a risk factor for future epilepsy, but there is an increased risk of epilepsy in those whose febrile seizures were both prolonged and focal; however, this risk may be the result of the presence of pre-existing pathology predisposing to prolonged focal febrile seizures.
A Semantic Evaluation of Machine Translation Lexical Choice

While automatic metrics of translation quality are invaluable for machine translation research, deeper understanding of translation errors require more focused evaluations designed to target specific aspects of translation quality. We show that Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) can be used to evaluate the quality of machine translation lexical choice, by applying a standard phrase-based SMT system on the SemEval2010 Cross-Lingual WSD task. This case study reveals that the SMT system does not perform as well as a WSD system trained on the exact same parallel data, and that local context models based on source phrases and target n-grams are much weaker representations of context than the simple templates used by the WSD system.
Losing Hold of the Guiding Hand: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel in Juvenile Delinquency Representation

Lawyers for children in juvenile delinquency proceedings frequently provide their clients deficient representation. In addition to failing to investigate the facts of a case and research the applicable law, they ignore relevant ethical mandates and fail to address the demands created by the unique characteristics of children. The widespread nature of substandard legal representation, combined with delinquent adjudications' serious and long-term consequences, makes it imperative that juveniles harmed by deficient legal representation have access to some form of legal redress. Yet, at present, no such remedy exists. A child who is adjudicated delinquent can theoretically bring a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC), which, if granted, results in a new adjudicatory or dispositional hearing or a plea withdrawal. In practice, however, systemic and doctrinal barriers prevent children from filing IAC claims and from receiving appellate review of those claims. As a recent survey of IAC claims in delinquency cases suggests, children file these claims in an extremely small number of cases. Moreover, courts almost never grant relief on the basis of these claims. This form of appellate review fails to provide meaningful remedies to the large number of children harmed by substandard legal representation. Although commentators have explored this problem in the context of adult criminal defendants, this Article is among the first to examine the inadequacy of the IAC remedy for juveniles. It traces the history of the grant of the right to counsel to juveniles; analyzes substandard representation's nature, causes, and extent; details systemic and doctrinal barriers facing juveniles who wish to file IAC claims; and offers preliminary proposals for reform.
Can Young Children Distinguish Abstract Expressionist Art From Superficially Similar Works by Preschoolers and Animals

While it is sometimes claimed that abstract art requires little skill and is indistinguishable from the scribbles of young children, recent research has shown that even adults with no training in art can distinguish works by abstract expressionists from superficially similar works by children and even elephants, monkeys, and apes (Hawley-Dolan & Winner, 2011). We presented 4-7- and 8-10-year-olds with 18 paired images, one in each pair by an abstract expressionist and the other by a child or animal, and asked which they preferred and which was better. Each participant viewed the first third of the pairs unlabeled and the rest either with correct or reversed labels (artist, and child, monkey, or elephant). Three unexpected findings emerged. First, even 4-7-year-olds can distinguish works by artists from superficially similar works by children and animals when there are no labels to guide them. Second, children’s aesthetic responses are not aligned with those of adults: children often chose works labeled ch...
Placating the powerless: Effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanation on affect, memory, and stereotyping

In an experimental study involving power differences between groups, the effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanations for power were investigated on measures of affect, stereotyping, and memory. We found that powerless groups reported more positive affect (relative to negative affect) when explanations were provided for their powerlessness, whether these explanations were classified a priori as either legitimate or illegitimate. Members of powerless groups also attributed greater intelligence and responsibility to the outgroup when it was in a position of high power rather than equal power, and these effects on stereotyping were enhanced when explanations for the power differences were provided. Finally, research participants tended to misremember the reasons given for the power differences as more legitimate than they actually were. These results support a system justification theory of intergroup behavior (Jost and Banaji [1994] Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 33:1–27) in that people seem to imbue placebic explanations with legitimacy, use stereotypes to rationalize power differences, and exhibit biases in memory such that the status quo is increasingly legitimized over time.
Numerical methods of multiaxial fatigue life prediction for elastomers under variable amplitude loadings

In this paper, numerical methods of fatigue life prediction for elastomers subjected to multidirectional, variable amplitude loadings are presented. Because experiments and numerical methods use different stress measures in large deformation, transformation between nominal stress and the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress is performed before fatigue life calculation. In order to incorporate the Mullins effect, the material properties of elastomers are calculated after an initial transition period. An efficient interpolation scheme using load stress/strain curves under unidirectional loading is proposed based on the fatigue characteristic of elastomers. A rainflow counting method with multi-stress components is developed for variable amplitude loadings, and the critical plane method is applied to find the plane with the maximum damage parameter. Fatigue life predictions using the proposed numerical method are validated against experimental results. As a practical example, the fatigue life of a rubber engine mount is predicted using the proposed numerical method.
Effects of Victim's Physical Attractiveness on Juridic Judgments:

For written descriptions of cases, ratings of guilt of the defendant, recommended term of imprisonment, and seriousness of crime by 108 male and 72 female undergraduates do not support the hypothes...
Prognostic Indicators in Invasive Breast Cancer

Tumor size and axillary lymph node involvement are the primary determinants of clinical course for most patients. Receptors for estrogen and progesterone are important additional prognostic factors for disease-free survival, overall survival, survival time after initial disease recurrence, and the likelihood of response to hormonal therapy. Histologic grading has merit as a prognostic factor, although poor reproducibility limits its broad application. Promising data have been emerging from the use of flow cytometry to analyze DNA content and proliferative rate. Patients with aneuploid tumors are more likely to have a shorter survival time than patients with diploid tumors. A high S-phase fraction also identifies a subset of patients at increased risk for early relapse. A combined index of ploidy and S-phase may be a more useful guide; together, diploidy and low S-phase identify a subgroup of node-negative patients at very low risk for disease recurrence. A number of oncogenes have been identified in breast cancer; amplification of the HER-2/neu gene or overexpression of the gene product may be an important prognostic indicator for node-positive patients.
Different mechanisms of adaptive increase in Na+-Pi cotransport across renal brush-border membrane.

We explored the biochemical mechanism by which thyroid hormone (T3) and low-phosphate diet (LPD) cause an adaptive increase in Na+-Pi cotransport across renal brush-border membrane (BBM). The rate ...
Prognostic Factors, Treatment, and Survival in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

Importance There is limited information regarding the influence of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment type on the survival of patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Objective To assess prognostic factors and to evaluate the influence of treatment modality on overall survival of patients with DFSP. Design, Setting, and Participants We examined DFSP using data for 3686 patients with histologically confirmed cases of DFSP diagnosed between 1972 and 2012 from the 18 US regional registries of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, with linkage to demographic data from the US Census Bureau for median household income (MHI). The analysis was performed in February 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measures were tumor characteristics, prognostic factors, and overall survival in months. Results There were 3686 cases of DFSP examined. Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10; P P = .03), and tumor size (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = .04) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival in a controlled analysis. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .01), male sex (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.57-2.42; P P P =.01), black race (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.13-2.92; P = .01), large tumor size (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21; P P P =.01), women (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.78; P P Conclusions and Relevance Age at diagnosis, male sex, and DFSP tumor size appear to be important prognostic factors. Treatment modality did not significantly influence survival; however, patient and tumor characteristics influence treatment modality.
Parathyroid Hormone Gene: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) both bind and activate one receptor, the G protein-coupled PTH/PTHrP receptor, yet they fulfill very different biological functions. PTH is primarily produced in the parathyroid chief cells and is the major regulator of serum calcium. When the level of blood calcium falls, PTH is released from the parathyroid glands and then functions to increase level of blood calcium. When the level of blood calcium rises, PTH secretion is suppressed. This classic endocrine feedback loop stabilizes the level of blood calcium within a narrow range. PTHrP, by contrast, is expressed in most tissues of the human body and acts locally as a paracrine/autocrine factor. During fetal development and during lactation, PTHrP also acts as a hormone regulating calcium homeostasis. In this chapter, we focus on the gene encoding parathyroid hormone.
Workplace Politics and Performance Appraisal: A Two-Study, Multilevel Field Investigation

Drawing from Johns’s theory of self-serving behavior, we identified workplace politics as a contextual factor that affects the relative costs and benefits associated with supervisor rating behaviors. Our investigation tested these ideas by considering how politics influence the way in which raters combine information when evaluating subordinate performance. Specifically, we examined the three-way interaction of in-role behavior, extra-role behavior, and politics perceptions on overall ratings of performance in a two-study, multilevel investigation. Across two studies, results generally were consistent with the hypothesized three-way interaction, such that the joint effects of extra-role and in-role behavior on performance ratings varied across levels of politics. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
The Marketing of Rebellion: TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING AND WORLD POLITICS

The picture of transnational society presented here challenges both radical and liberal visions of globalization. Critics decry globalization's pernicious effects on the weak. In this view, overbearing states wield powerful new technologies to control their citizens. Rapacious corporations roam the world for the least regulated production sites, exploiting workers and despoiling environments. International financial institutions impose ruinous structural adjustment programs and heartless market policies. And a homogeneous global culture drains the globe of diversity. In all of this, the world's most vulnerable populations are relentlessly ground down. Yet globalization has also opened the field of combat on which local movements resist these forces. Most obviously, it has widened conflict geographically. With the Internet, CNN, and the wide-bodied jet, talented marketers make their causes known overseas more easily and quickly than ever before. More subtly, globalization has expanded the ideological terrain on which small-scale disputes play themselves out. Christianity and Islam long served this purpose. For centuries, their global aspirations drew outsiders to distant corners of the globe. Since the nineteenth century, democracy, capitalism, Marxism, and nationalism have played similar roles. Insurgents, cognizant of these ideologies, have tapped them to draw intervention. Today, supplementing and in some cases supplanting them are other world-encompassing doctrines: environmentalism, human rights, and perhaps “global justice.” All provide toeholds for astute challengers seeking to internationalize their causes: new sets of grievances, different names for old injuries, and a ready vocabulary for alerting distant audiences to local issues. Together, these developments create a climate primed for activism.
Long-term and gender-related variation in the feeding ecology of common bottlenose dolphins inhabiting a subtropical estuary and the adjacent marine coast in the western South Atlantic

ABSTRACTWe combined stomach content analysis and stable isotopes to investigate long-term changes in the feeding ecology of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Patos Lagoon estuary and adjacent marine coast, southern Brazil, during the past 35 years. Stomach contents of bottlenose dolphins collected between 2002 and 2012 (Period II) were compared to those previously described for this population (1977–1980, Period I), and δ13C and δ15N values in tooth dentine from specimens collected between 1977 and 2012 were used to assess temporal changes in contribution of the main prey to the diet of dolphins over time. Additionally, these data were used to verify the magnitude of trophic overlap between males and females from Period II. Bottlenose dolphins consumed a wide variety of prey. Demersal and demersal–pelagic teleost fish predominated. These results show that bottlenose dolphins from the Patos Lagoon estuary are opportunistic feeders and confirm the plasticity of the species, which prey...
Max-Gabor analysis and synthesis of spectrograms.

We present a method that analyzes a two-dimensional magnitude spectrogram S(f, t) into its local constituent spectro-temporal amplitudes A(f, t), frequencies F (f, t), orientations Θ(f, t), and phases φ(f, t). The method operates by performing a twodimensional local Gabor-like analysis of the spectrogram, retaining only the parameters of the 2D-Gabor filter with maximal amplitude response within the local region. We demonstrate the technique over a wide variety of speakers, and show how the spectrograms in each case may be adequately reconstructed using the parameters of the Max-Gabor analysis. Finally, we discuss the nature of the extracted Max-Gabor parameters.
ICT-Dependent Life and Its Impacts on Mobility

The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) is revolutionizing people’s lives in many ways. Among their numerous impacts, ICT solutions allow for more flexibility in individuals’ schedules, and provide new alternatives for the organization of work, social and recreational activities. Several types of relationships are possible between the adoption of ICT and travel behavior, leading to the eventual complementarity with, substitution of, modification of, or neutrality with travel. Modern technologies play an important role in affecting individuals’ long- and medium-term decisions as well as numerous daily choices. The application of information and communication technologies is also behind the introduction of new shared mobility services that were barely imaginable only a few years ago. These services expand the set of travel options available to individuals. The effects of the availability and adoption of these technologies on individual behaviors are still largely unclear. They will likely cause long-lasting impacts on travel patterns, vehicle ownership, and life organization.
Can space supply our energy needs

The growing concern about the environment and global warming among both scientists and the general public in recent years has led to an increasing call for the development of non-fossil-fuel energy sources. One of the more ambitious proposals for alternative energy sources is the Solar Power Satellite (SPS).
All-Aqueous Nanoprecipitation: Spontaneous Formation of Hydrogen-Bonded Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules Mediated by Phase Separation of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide).

pontaneous formation of polymer nanoparticles of well-defined, <100 nm sizes with controlled solid/hollow morphology and fluorescent properties is reported. The nanoparticle formation is assisted by temperature-triggered nucleation of an amphiphilic polymer—poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)—and mediated by hydrogen bonding of the emerged nuclei with tannic acid (TA). The pH of solution and TA/PNIPAM ratios are explored as parameters that define TA/PNIPAM assembly. Well-defined nanoparticles are formed in a wide range of neutral pH when the TA/PNIPAM ratio exceeds its critical, pH-dependent value. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements as well as atomic force microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that solid nanoparticles or nanocapsules are formed depending on the solution pH and that enhanced ionization of TA favors hollow morphology. Nanocapsules exhibit label-free fluorescence at neutral pH values and therefore can be useful in imaging applications.
Architectural opportunities for novel dynamic EMI shifting (DEMIS)

Processors emit non-trivial amounts of electromagnetic radiation, creating interference in frequency bands used by wireless communication technologies such as cellular, WiFi and Bluetooth. We introduce the problem of in-band radio frequency noise as a form of electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the computer architecture community as a technical challenge to be addressed. This paper proposes the new idea of Dynamic EMI Shifting (DEMIS) where architectural and/or compiler changes allow the EMI to be shifted at runtime. DEMIS processors dynamically move the interference from bands used during communication to other unused frequencies. Unlike previous works that leverage static techniques, DEMIS dynamically targets specific frequency bands; the type of techniques used here are only possible from an architectural perspective. This paper is also the first to provide insights in the new area of dynamic EMI shifting by evaluating several platforms and showing the EMI is sensitive to many architectural and compilation parameters. Our evaluation over real systems shows a decrease of in-band EMI ranging from 3 to 15 dB with less than a 10% average performance impact. A 15dB EMI reduction for LTE can represent over 3x bandwidth improvement for EMI bound communication. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Noise reduction; Wireless devices; Signal integrity and noise analysis;
Immunomodulator and Biologic Agent Effects on Sleep Quality in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt normal sleep physiology and amplify a negative perception about quality of life. Evidence suggests increased circulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor–alpha and interleukin-1, may play a role. Methods: A total of 56 patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure 7 sleep domains: sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficacy, sleep disturbance, sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction. Domain scores were summed to determine the presence or absence of sleep impairment. We compared patients taking immunomodulators or biologic agents to patients not on immunomodulator or biologic agent therapy. Demographics and IBD-related clinical information were collected to adjust for potential confounders that may secondarily affect sleep, such as body mass index, depression/anxiety, and sleep-affecting medications. Results: The majority of patients with IBD (46 [82%]) reported poor sleep quality; 22 (79%) of the patients taking immunomodulators or biologic agents and 24 (86%) of the patients not on these therapies had a global PSQI score ≥5, suggestive of poor sleep quality. However, we found no significant difference between the 2 groups. When we analyzed the 7 PSQI sleep domains individually, we found improved sleep duration in the group taking immunomodulators or biologic agents compared to the group not on therapy, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The majority of patients with IBD experience some degree of sleep impairment, and treatment with immunomodulators and biologic agents does not appear to improve sleep quality. A multicenter study with a larger sample size is warranted to better assess the diverse population of patients with IBD and the factors that impact their sleep. Routine assessment of sleep quality during IBD clinical encounters is recommended.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Infection after orthopedic procedures is a devastating and serious complication associated with significant clinical and financial challenges to the health care system and unfortunate patient. The time and resource-intensive nature of treating infection after orthopedic procedures has turned attention toward enhancing prevention and establishing quality improvement measures. Prevention strategies throughout the perioperative period include host optimization, risk mitigation, reducing bacterial burden and proper wound management. Understanding the most common offending organisms of the shoulder, Propionibacterium acnes and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, and their hypothesized mechanism of infection is crucial to selecting appropriate preventative measures.
Federalism, Consumer Protection and Preemption: A Case for Heightened Judicial Review

Should courts defer to the preemption decisions of federal agencies? The Supreme Court has not settled the controversy generated by this issue, and Circuit Courts have divided on the question. The focus in past case law and in the literature has been on agency versus judicial expertise. This article examines another aspect of the question - agency bias. It presents a case study of the actions of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) in the 1992-2005 period and compares that agency's stance to that of the FDIC. The conclusion drawn is that the OCC has not served as an unbiased forum for resolving disputes over preemption. Instead it has exhibited an overly aggressive viewpoint - ignoring the evolution of Supreme Court doctrine, ignoring legislative history and embracing the interests of the banking industry while minimizing the interests of consumers and state governments. Heightened judicial review of agency decisions tainted by self-interest is necessary.
There Is Limited Value in the One Month Post Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Surveillance Computed Tomography Scan.

Background Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the preferred first-line treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Current postprocedure surveillance recommendations by manufacturers are a 1-month computed tomography angiography (CTA) followed by a 12-month CTA in most circumstances. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of the 1-month CTA following elective EVAR and determine if initial surveillance at 6-month CTA is appropriate. Methods A single-center retrospective chart review of all elective EVARs at a tertiary medical center over a 12-year period was conducted. Patients were excluded if postoperative surveillance imaging was not available. Data analysis encompassed demographics, chart review, and imaging including angiogram and cross-sectional imaging to asses for endoleaks and other findings. Results There were 363 patients who underwent elective EVAR and had available postoperative imaging during the study period. Within the 1-month follow-up, a CTA group of 316 patients was detected with 98 (31%) endoleaks. Of these, 5 (1.5%) required intervention: 1 for infolding of an iliac limb and 4 for type I endoleak which was present on completion angiogram—3 in patients treated outside of instructions for use and 1 with a type Ib endoleak on intraoperative completion imaging. In the 158 patients with 1 and 3-month CTAs, there were 47 persistent endoleaks, 9 previously undetected endoleaks not seen in 1-month CTA, and 13 resolved endoleaks. Three patients (1.2%) underwent intervention for type II endoleak and aneurysm expansion. In 47 patients with only a 6-month CTA, there were 16 endoleaks not seen on completion angiography and 2 of which were treated with reintervention—1 for a type I endoleak and 1 for a type II endoleak. Conclusions There is limited utility to 1-month surveillance CTA in patients undergoing elective EVAR within the device instructions for use that has no evidence of type I endoleak on completion angiography. It is safe to start routine EVAR surveillance at 6 months in this patient population. This has implications when considering bundled and value-based payments in the longitudinal care of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.
Pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship program in an urgent care setting

Purpose While many programs have demonstrated pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship successes in inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings, there is a paucity of literature exploring these initiatives in urgent care (UC) sites. This study aimed to determine the impact of implementing a pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in the UC setting. Methods A retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted evaluating UC patients with positive urine or wound cultures following discharge. A collaborative practice agreement was implemented in 2015 allowing for pharmacist-led UC culture follow-up via a stewardship-focused protocol. The primary outcome of this study was to compare guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing between the pre-ASP and post-ASP groups. Secondary outcomes included comparing the number of patients who required follow-up, time to follow-up, UC or ED revisits within 72 hours, and hospital admission within 30 days between groups. Results A total of 300 patients were included in the study (pre-ASP, n = 150; post-ASP, n = 150). Total guideline-concordant prescribing for all diagnoses was significantly improved in the post-ASP group (pre-ASP, 41.3% versus post-ASP 53.3%, p = 0.037). Additionally, guideline-concordant antibiotic selection improved in the post-ASP group (pre-ASP, 51% versus post-ASP, 68%, p = 0.01). Follow-up was required for 27 (18%) patients in the pre-ASP group compared with 16 (10.7%) in the post-ASP group (p = 0.07). Median time to follow-up call was longer in the post-ASP group (38 versus 71 hours, p < 0.001). There were no differences in UC and ED revisits within 72 hours (p = 1.0) or hospital admissions within 30 days (p = 0.723). Conclusion A pharmacist-led urgent care ASP was associated with significantly improved guideline-concordant antimicrobial prescribing.
The Blending of Human and Autonomous-Machine Cognition

In this paper, issues related to the concept of ‘blended cognition’ involving systems of humans and autonomous machines, or what we term Human-Autonomous Machine Systems (HAMS), are considered. We specifically address questions such as, what do we know about human cognition that would allow us to ‘blend it’ with artificial cognition, and what do we mean by the term ‘blending’ anyway? In doing so, a large literature review and analysis of human reasoning, decision making, and meaning making is provided. We focus on human cognition because, in our view, much of what is discussed in the HAMS literature is incomplete when it comes to human cognition. The analysis is concentrated on the issue of meaning making (also called sense making) which, in our view, is the most critical cognitive ability on which members of the animal kingdom depend for survival. We offer a theory of meaning making that entails pattern synthesis and memory re-combination. This theory is then extended to apply to blended cognition: we propose that the ‘blending’ of human and autonomous-machine cognition can occur through the manipulation of human and artificial memory during the pattern synthesis and memory recombination process that accompanies meaning making.
Scientific Discovery and Its Rationality: Michael Polanyi’s Epistemological Exposition

Scientific discovery is an important moment in scientific pursuit, but only a few philosophers of science appreciate this moment as a logical issue. Starting from his understanding that all thought contains components of which we are subsidiarily aware in focal content of thinking, Michael Polanyi puts out his thesis that scientific discovery cannot be justified by a series of strictly explicit operations but by merely invoking deeper forms of commitment in sighting the problem and the vision of reality. This article will delve into Polanyi’s notion of scientific discovery in three sections: the first section is dealing with Polanyi’s concept of heuristic philosophy which tones that discovery of problem is the primary requisite of a good scientist to vision reality, the second discusses the role of intellectual passions in scientific justification, and the third focuses on the ontological implication of scientific discovery that it guides us to comprehension of something real both tangible and intangible. The article concludes that since scientific discovery involves the creative and imaginative appeal to reality, its rationality must be counted on by its logical structure and personal experiences in scientific community.
Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Battery Sizing to Differences in Microgrid Use

In a microgrid context, optimal battery sizing is affected by several factors, including load, pricing, and resource availability. In this paper we analyze how these factors affect optimal battery sizing so that in an early design stage an engineer can identify the factors that should be clarified first. We find that changes to the energy profile have linear effects on the optimal battery size but changes to the shape and timing of the load profile have larger nonlinear effects.
Was (English) Canada Poorer than the United States? Living Standards Circa 1830 to Circa 1845

This paper uses the censuses of 1842 of Canada East (modern day Quebec) and Canada West (modern day Ontario) to help explain the historical differences in living standards between Canada and the United States. The argument made in this paper is that Canada East was substantially poorer than the rest of Canada. The wage and price data contained in the censuses suggest a gap of 42% between Canada East and Canada West. As it represented such a large of the total population (north of 35%) of Canada, that relative poverty weighed heavily in determining the extent of living standards differences between Canada and the United States. This changes the perspective on the roots of the differences between the two countries. It proposes that any research agenda trying to explain them should focus heavily on Quebec.
Sociodemographic Factors That Influence the Choice to Pursue Nasoalveolar Molding: One Pediatric Hospital's Experience.

Objective:To identify demographic factors that influence choosing nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in the treatment of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P), and NAM treatment compliance.Design:T...
Angiographic And Clinical Response Of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy.

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify whether intracranial atherosclerotic disease large vessel occlusion strokes differ compared to embolic large vessel occlusion strokes in angiographic response to mechanical thrombectomy and clinical course. Methods Retrospective analysis of acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion, due to intracranial atherosclerotic disease or embolic etiology, who underwent mechanical thrombectomy in a primary stroke center from 11/2015 to 4/2018. We categorized patients into intracranial atherosclerotic disease or embolic large vessel occlusion based on the procedural findings. We compared pretreatment, procedural variables, and post-procedural outcomes. Results Ninety-five patients were included, 13 with intracranial atherosclerotic disease large vessel occlusion strokes and 82 with embolic large vessel occlusion strokes. Between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in angiographic success (100% for intracranial atherosclerotic disease and 89% for embolic large vessel occlusion strokes); first pass success (38% for intracranial atherosclerotic disease and 34% for embolic large vessel occlusion strokes); puncture-to-first-pass time; puncture-to-recanalization time (68 minutes for intracranial atherosclerotic disease and 62 minutes for embolic large vessel occlusion strokes); number of passes; or clinical outcomes. Intracranial angioplasty was performed in 6 (46%) of intracranial atherosclerotic disease large vessel occlusion patients, and in 5 (6%) of embolic large vessel occlusion patients (p Conclusions Similar angiographic success and procedural time metrics are achievable with intracranial atherosclerotic disease large vessel occlusion and embolic large vessel occlusion therapy. This occurred with more frequent intracranial angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic disease large vessel occlusion strokes.
A Graduate Curriculum in Cyber-Physical Systems

Editor’s notes: A group of academicians from the University of Virginia has developed a graduate curriculum for cyber-physical systems education. The curriculum follows the National Academy of Engineering report on the need for such content consisting of multidisciplinary classes and professional development skills. — Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque, University of California Irvine
Giant retroperitoneal teratoma in an asymptomatic 6-month-old

Abstract Retroperitoneal teratomas are rare tumors that are usually asymptomatic and often escape detection until they become very large. Here, we present the case of an asymptomatic 6-month-old boy referred for evaluation of abdominal distention who was found to have an 18 cm retroperitoneal teratoma. The mass was only loosely attached to surrounding structures and was completely excised, with pathology demonstrating a mature teratoma.