cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Popeye Domain Containing Genes and Their Function as cAMP Effector Proteins in Striated Muscle

The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) genes encode transmembrane proteins, which are abundantly expressed in striated muscle cells. Hallmarks of the POPDC proteins are the presence of three transmembrane domains and the Popeye domain, which makes up a large part of the cytoplasmic portion of the protein and functions as a cAMP-binding domain. Interestingly, despite the prediction of structural similarity between the Popeye domain and other cAMP binding domains, at the protein sequence level they strongly differ from each other suggesting an independent evolutionary origin of POPDC proteins. Loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish and mouse established an important role of POPDC proteins for cardiac conduction and heart rate adaptation after stress. Loss-of function mutations in patients have been associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and AV-block. These data suggest an important role of these proteins in the maintenance of structure and function of striated muscle cells.
Seismic fault detection with convolutional neural network

ABSTRACTMapping fault planes using seismic images is a crucial and time-consuming step in hydrocarbon prospecting. Conventionally, this requires significant manual efforts that normally go through ...
Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Eligibility of Young Adults After an MI: Partners YOUNG-MI Registry

Abstract Background Despite significant progress in primary prevention, the rate of MI has not declined in young adults. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate statin eligibility based on the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of blood cholesterol and 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for statin use in primary prevention in a cohort of adults who experienced a first-time myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age. Methods The YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort from 2 large academic centers, which includes patients who experienced an MI at age ≤50 years. Diagnosis of type 1 MI was adjudicated by study physicians. Pooled cohort risk equations were used to estimate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score based on data available prior to MI or at the time of presentation. Results Of 1,685 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 210 (12.5%) were on statin therapy prior to MI and were excluded. Among the remaining 1,475 individuals, the median age was 45 years, there were 294 (20%) women, and 846 (57%) had ST-segment elevation MI. At least 1 cardiovascular risk factor was present in 1,225 (83%) patients. The median 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score of the cohort was 4.8% (interquartile range: 2.8% to 8.0%). Only 724 (49%) and 430 (29%) would have met criteria for statin eligibility per the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, respectively. This finding was even more pronounced in women, in whom 184 (63%) were not eligible for statins by either guideline, compared with 549 (46%) men (p Conclusions The vast majority of adults who present with an MI at a young age would not have met current guideline-based treatment thresholds for statin therapy prior to their MI. These findings highlight the need for better risk assessment tools among young adults.
LASER GENERATION AND DETECTION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES USING GAS-COUPLED LASER ACOUSTIC DETECTION

Laser generation and detection of ultrasound has the advantage of requiring no mechanical contact with the materials under investigation. We previously reported [1] laser-based measurements on Lamb waves in graphite/polymer composite laminates using a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer for detection. Related work by other groups includes air-coupled detection of Lamb waves in similar composites using capacitive transducers [2,3] and interferometric detection of Lamb waves in paper [4]. Our earlier work has been extended using Gas-Coupled Laser Acoustic Detection (GCLAD), an economical alternative laser-based method which has the additional advantage that the detection laser beam is not reflected from the sample surface. GCLAD is thus particularly useful for materials with surfaces of poor optical quality. We demonstrate below that the combination of laser generation and GCLAD can be used to obtain well-resolved surface-acoustic waves (SAWs) in a variety of materials, including metals, paper, thin films, and composite pre-preg tape. We also show some preliminary SAW scans obtained with laser generation and GCLAD using metallic samples. Each pixel in the scans represents the strength of a SAW passing through a portion of the sample with an area of about 1 cm2. Scans of this type offer the possibility of economical testing of large sample areas, potentially on-line in a manufacturing environment.
Tailored Design of New Polyphosphazenes with Special Properties

Polymers that contain heteroelements such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the skeletal structure offer a means for extending the properties normally associated with synthetic macromolecules into areas hitherto typical of inorganic materials such as ceramics, metals, or electroactive or electro-optical solids. The polymeric molecular structure provides materials strength and flexibility, while the heteroelements provide flame resistance, radiation resistance, and access to new reactions for the linkage of electroactive or biologically interesting units to the polymer structure. In this paper synthetic pathways that provide access to such polymers are described, together with a review of structure-property relationships that provide a high level of molecular and materials design.
The Role of Coagulation in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis

The coagulation cascade is integral to the hemostatic process and serves to limit the amount of blood loss during trauma. However, derangements in this process can result in venous thrombosis and contribute to the development of arterial atherothrombotic disease. Indeed, in arterial thrombosis, the effects of thrombin may extend far beyond coagulation activation and play an important role in activation of a wide variety of cells and the inflammatory processes. Venous thrombosis and arterial thrombotic diseases have traditionally been thought of as separate processes; however, they share many similarities in pathophysiology and risk factors. The activation of the coagulation cascade underlies both arterial and venous thrombosis, and biological triggers, such as inflammation, prothrombotic microparticles, and endothelial activation provide a plausible link between the two.
The Psychology of Forgiveness in the World Religions

Understanding the psychology of forgiveness within the religions is critically important these days as religions seem to be among the most robust forces that can either help or hinder all kinds of human relationships. The topic of forgiveness occupies a central place in all of the major world religions, with the assumption that there is something wrong with the human condition. That is to say, something or many things need to be repaired, and the religions offer a variety of insight, wisdom, and aid to do so.
Model Components: Sets and Parameters

A Pyomo model is populated with modeling components that define model data, as well as model structures like objectives and constraints. This chapter describes the Pyomo classes for set and parameter components that define model data. These classes can be used in both concrete and abstract models, but they are particularly vital to abstract models.
The Effectiveness of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for Achieving Goal Therapeutic Trough Concentrations.

Concern for bacterial resistance and treatment failure with vancomycin trough concentrations 10 μg/mL ensured area under the curve /minimum inhibitory concentration >400 in >90% of neonates when bacteria minimum inhibitory concentration was ≤ 1 μg/mL. Nephrotoxicity was similar between groups (8.3% vs 7.7%; P = .99). In conclusion, a vancomycin nomogram designed to achieve trough concentration of 10 to 20 μg/mL improves pharmacodynamic target attainment in neonates in the NICU.
Two-Pronged Control of the Dorsal Raphe by the VTA

In this issue of Neuron, Li et al. (2019) distinguish two separable GABAergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), with differential μ-opioid receptor regulation, each targeting different postsynaptic neurons and promoting opposing behavioral states.
The last silicon transistor: Nanosheet devices could be the final evolutionary step for Moore's Law

The modern microprocessor is among the world's most complex systems, but at its heart is a very simple, and we think beautiful, device: the transistor. There are billions of them in a microprocessor today, and they are nearly all identical. So improving the performance and boosting the density of these transistors is the most straightforward way to make microprocessors — and the computers they power — work better.
Perception Is Reality: How CEOs’ Observed Personality Influences Market Perceptions of Firm Risk and Shareholder Returns

We develop theory to explain how CEOs’ observable personality traits influence market perceptions of firm risk and shareholder returns. Using a linguistic tool to measure nearly 3,000 CEOs’ persona...
La función del retrato y el metateatro como microdrama en la comedia

Este ensayo examina la funcion de los retratos y las situaciones metateatrales, que en algunos casos forman microdramas. Primero, se explicara el metateatro como recurso dramatico, en terminos de las funciones y las subcategorias, segun la investigacion academica reciente, incluso el trabajo de Lionel Abel, Kate Flaherty, Richard Hornby, Manfred Pfister, Alejandro Paredes, Marnie Lange Roodi, y Bruce Wardropper. Segundo, las comedias El vergonzoso en palacio (Tirso de Molina), y El pintor de su deshonra (Calderon), seran analizadas, prestando atencion especifica al uso del retrato como recurso dramatico, que a veces crea un microdrama, y las multiples situaciones metateatrales en las obras dramaticas, enfocandose especialmente en las situaciones que son microdramas. Aqui, se citara la investigacion importante en estas comedias, por ejemplo, el trabajo academico de Manuel Sito Alba, Jane Albrecht, Laura Bass, Raymond Conlon, Clark Colahan, David Darst, Frederick de Armas, and Susan Fischer. Ultimamente, las escenas importantes de los retratos y las situaciones metateatrales significantes son microdramas, y estos microdramas ayudan en el establecimiento de la relacion entre el actor y el espectador. Sin el uso de los retratos, el metateatro, y el microdrama, no se podria desarrollar la accion dramatica en estas dos comedias, no se creceria la tension, y los espectadores no serian arrastrados al mundo dramatico.
Classification of Video Game Player Experience Using Consumer-Grade Electroencephalography

A growing body of literature has emerged that demonstrates the potential of neurogaming platforms for inter- facing with well-known video games. With the recent convergence of advances in consumer electronics, ubiquitous computing, and wearable sensor technologies real-time monitoring of neurocognitive and affective states can be studied in an objective manner. Whilst establishing the optimal relation among frequency bands, task engagement, and arousal states is a goal of neurogaming, a standardized method has yet to be established. Herein we aimed to test classifiers within the same context, group of participants, feature extraction methods, and protocol. Given the emphasis upon neurogaming, a commercial-grade electroencephalographic (EEG; Emotiv EPOC) headset was used to collect signals from 30 participants. The EEG data was then filtered to get separate frequency bands to train cognitive-affective classifiers with three classification techniques: Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN). Results revealed that the NB classifier was the most robust classifier for identifying negative (e.g., character death) game-based events. The identification of general gameplay events is best identified using kNN and the Beta band. Results from this study suggest that a combination of classifiers is preferable over selection of a single classifier.
The Restorers of Chiloé by Rosabetty Muñoz

This series of poems deals with the restoration of religious statues distributed over the Catholic churches scattered over 21 islands of the remote archipelago of Chiloe, off the coast of southern Chile. A group of art restorers worked for years repairing the damages that had occurred over centuries of exposure to the elements, to the beautiful carved wooden images of Jesus, Mary and various Catholic saints. Since there were not enough priests to serve all the scattered population of Chiloe in Colonial times, the traveling priest appointed a fiscal to represent him in each major town, as a religious and legal authority. This position still exists to this day, although with less power than in Colonial times. The man who was serving as fiscal at the time of the restoration collaborated closely with the art specialists, as did various villagers. Even though none of the members of the restoration team was religious, these poems demonstrate the tenderness and respect they demonstrated, both in their dealings with the religious objects and with the devotees of these objects, the islanders. The saints of Chiloe were also beautifully photographed by Chilean photographer Mariana Mathews in 2008, as can be seen at the digital museum Castillo de Niebla: https://www.museodeniebla.gob.cl/sitio/Contenido/Galerias/36142:Santos-silentes-objetos-de-la-escuela-Santeria-de-Chiloe
Inducible Nitric Oxide Regulates Na-Glucose Co-Transport in a Spontaneous SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Chronic Ileitis

In mammalian small intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed via Na-dependent glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) on the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells. Malabsorption of nutrients (e.g., glucose) leads to malnutrition, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where the mucosa is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide (iNO) is known to be elevated in IBD mucosa. SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP1) mouse is a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis that develops lesions in its terminal ileum, very similar to human IBD. How SGLT1 may be affected in SAMP1 model of chronic ileitis is unknown. Ten-week-old SAMP1 mice with AKR mice as control were treated with N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine dihydrochloride (L-NIL) to inhibit iNO production. Intracellular NO levels were found to be increased in villus cells from SAMP1 mice. Moreover, SGLT1 and Na+/K+-ATPase activities and BBM SGLT1 expression were significantly decreased. However, L-NIL treatment reduced the intracellular iNO production, and reversed both downregulated SGLT1 and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in SAMP1 mice. Inhibition of iNO by L-NIL treatment also significantly reversed the BBM SGLT1 protein expression in SAMP1 mice. L-NIL reversed the inflammation mediated downregulation of SGLT1 activity by restoring the BBM SGLT1 expression. Thus, regulation of SGLT1 in chronic ileitis is likely mediated by iNO.
Incomplete Records as a Leading Cause of Missed Opportunity for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation in a Safety Net Health System.

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to categorize reasons behind missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation in an under-resourced population and to identify associated patient and clinic characteristics. Methods Manual chart review was performed for patients aged 11 to 18 years who visited a primary care clinic in a health system in Texas, USA between 06/01/18 and 08/31/18 and were due for an initial HPV vaccine dose but did not receive it. Reasons for HPV vaccine noninitiation were categorized as follows: incomplete immunization record, no documentation of discussion (no documentation that the HPV vaccine was offered or ordered), refusal, staff/provider error, and medical. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with each category. Results Of 4467 adolescents seen in the study period, 575 (12.9%) were due for the first dose of HPV vaccine but did not receive it. The most common reason for noninitiation was incomplete immunization record (37%), followed by no documentation of discussion (24%), refusal (20%), staff/provider error (15%), and medical (4%). The highest odds of incomplete immunization were among older adolescents. The highest odds of no documentation of discussion were during sick visits. The highest odds of staff/provider error were among patients with commercial insurance. The lowest odds of refusal were in patients with county/indigent insurance. Conclusions The most common reason for missed opportunity visits for HPV vaccine initiation was lack of adequate immunization records. Our study highlights the importance of immunization record access and bidirectional reporting as important targets for future interventions.
Soft-Tissue Reconstruction of Tumor Defects in the Head and Neck

Summary A variety of techniques are available for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects, and each has its merits and indications. Each patient's defect is unique, and several techniques may be employed to satisfy functional, bulk, and esthetic requirements. Free microvascular transfer of tissue has revolutionized the scope and size of soft-tissue defects that can be successfully reconstructed.
Preliminary identification of pathotype of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Guangxi

【 Objective 】 The pathotype distribution and differentiation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae( Xoo) in Guangxi were ascertained to provide theoretical references for integrated control of rice bacterial blight. 【Method】29 isolates from rice production regions of Nanning, Dongxing, Fangcheng, Qinzhou and Cenxi City in 2013 were preliminarily evaluated on a set of Chinese differential varieties(Jinggang 30, Tetep, Nanjing15, Java14 and IR26) of Xoo and the pathogenicity of 5 isolates from Nanning was further analyzed using some near-isogenic lines. 【Result】Disease reaction patterns of all 29 isolates on 5 hosts were SSSSS(all susceptible) and the pathogenicity was high. Furthermore, the isolates collected from Nanning could cause rice near-isogenic line CBB23 with broad spectrum highly susceptible.【Conclusion】Great differentiation is shown in pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) in Guangxi. Hence,integrated control of rice bacterial blight and selection of resistant rice materials should be strengthened in the future.
Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions within Communication Networks

Political disagreement is widespread within the communication network of ordinary citizens; furthermore, political diversity within these networks is entirely consistent with a theory of democratic politics built on the importance of individual interdependence. The persistence of political diversity and disagreement does not imply that political interdependence is absent among citizens or that political influence is lacking. The book's analysis makes a number of contributions. The authors demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of political disagreement. They show that communication and influence within dyads is autoregressive - that the consequences of dyadic interactions depend on the distribution of opinions within larger networks of communication. They argue that the autoregressive nature of political influence serves to sustain disagreement within patterns of social interaction, as it restores the broader political relevance of social communication and influence. They eliminate the deterministic implications that have typically been connected to theories of democratic politics based on interdependent citizens.
A Multiplier Method for Solving the Distributed Binary Hypothesis Testing Problem

This paper considers a distributed binary hypothesis testing problem in which a number of subordinate decision makers (DMs, sensors) transmit thir opinions, based on their own data, to a primary decision maker who combines these opinions and makes the final team decision. The primary decision maker does not receive any measurments (of his own) from the environment and only acts as a fusion center. It is well known [5] that the decision rules of individual DMs are in the form of likelihood ratio tests, that is, the subordinate DMs are constrained to operate on their Receiver Operating Characteristic (OC) curves. In this paper, we show that the data fusion problem is equivalent to a nondifferentiable optimization problem, and solve it using the multiplier method.
Decreased rhodopsin regeneration in diabetic mouse eyes.

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of diabetes on rhodopsin regeneration in the excised mouse eye. Methods. A superfused excised mouse eye preparation that exhibits rhodopsin regeneration after moderate bleaches and that is responsive to the composition of the perfusate was used. Diabetes was induced in albino mice (BALB/c) with the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. Absorption spectrophotometry of the excised eye was used to monitor rhodopsin concentrations. Results. Significant reductions in rhodopsin regeneration were observed in diabetic mice. Severely diabetic mice exhibited only 64% and 55% regeneration (at perfusate glucose levels of 5.1 mM and 10 mM, respectively), and moderately diabetic mice exhibited 74% and 73% regeneration, compared to the greater than 100% regeneration observed in nondiabetic mice. Glucose perfusate concentration has a major effect on rhodopsin regeneration. Lower concentrations of perfusate glucose (3 mM) reduced the amount of rhodopsin regeneration in both nondiabetic mice and diabetic mice. The diabetic mice seemed to tolerate higher concentrations of perfusate glucose (20 mM) better than the nondiabetic mice. Neither correction for osmolarity nor substitution with a nonglycolytic substrate increased the amount of rhodopsin regeneration in the diabetic mice. Conclusions. Diabetes reduced the amount of rhodopsin regeneration that followed moderate bleaches in excised mouse eyes. The data suggest that some process or processes associated with rhodopsin regeneration have been affected in the diabetic. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35:3905-3909.
An Improved Formulation for Calorimetric Emittance Testing of Spacecraft Thermal Control Coatings

Spacecraft often rely heavily on passive thermal control to maintain operating temperature. An important parameter in the spacecraft heat balance equation is the emittance of thermal control coatings as a function of coating temperature. One method for determining the emittance of spacecraft thermal control from elevated temperature to cryogenic temperatures relies on a calorimetric technique. The fundamental equation governing this test method can be found in numerous places in the literature and although it generally provides reasonable results, its formulation is based on a conceptual flaw that only becomes apparent when the sample temperature approaches the wall temperature during testing. This paper investigates the cause for this error and develops the correct formulation for calorimetric emittance testing. Experimental data will also be presented that illustrates the difference between the two formulations and the resulting difference in the calculated emittance.
Infidelity in Dating Relationships

Even though research on dating infidelity has been conducted for years, it still contends with limitations, including over reliance on heterosexual college student samples and a lack of longitudina...
Experimental evaluation of an endoscopic ultrasound probe: In vitro and in vivo canine studies

We developed an endoscopic echo probe that can be passed via the biopsy channel of a flexible fiberoptic or video endoscope with a 3.5-mm channel. The probe moves along the gastrointestinal wall under direct endoscopic vision. The translational scanning action is sensed by a position potentiometer and combines with the ultrasonic B-mode echoes to produce a cross-sectional image of the wall. The system uses an ultrasound frequency of 20 MHz to produce high-resolution images. The device was used to image canine gastrointestinal tissue in vitro and in vivo during endoscopy. Ultrasound images of the gut wall correlate with histologic structure. This probe overcomes some of the problems associated with the combined ultrasound endoscopes now in use. Use of the probe with video endoscopy allows the endoscopic and ultrasound images to be displayed side by side, simplifying coordination of application of the two techniques.
Oxidative Stress Induces Differential Gene Expression in a Human Lens Epithelial Cell Line

PURPOSE To identify differentially expressed genes in a human lens epithelial cell line exposed to oxidative stress. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) differential display was used to evaluate differential gene expression in a human lens epithelial cell line (SRA 01-04) when cells were exposed for 3 hours to a single bolus of 200 microM hydrogen peroxide. Differentially expressed genes were identified through DNA sequencing and a nucleotide database search. Differential expression was confirmed by northern blot and RT-PCR analyses. RESULTS Using 18 primer sets, 28 RT-PCR products were differentially expressed between control and hydrogen peroxide-treated cells. In stressed cells, mitochondrial transcripts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 4 and cytochrome b were downregulated 4-fold. Of the cytoplasmic mRNAs, glutamine cyclotransferase decreased 10-fold, whereas cytokine-inducible nuclear protein, alternative splicing factor 2, and beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A hydrolase increased 2-, 4-, and 10-fold, respectively. Analysis of mitochondrial transcripts in a 24-hour time course showed that NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 mRNA decreased by 2-fold as early as 1 hour after oxidative stress, whereas the rate of decrease was slower for cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase III, and 16S rRNA. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress induced specific expressed gene changes in hydrogen peroxide-treated lens cells, including genes involved in cellular respiration and mRNA and peptide processing. These early changes may reflect pathways involved in the defense, pathology, or both of the lens epithelium, which is exposed to oxidative stress throughout life.
An investigation of communication patterns and strategies between international teaching assistants and undergraduate students in university-level science labs

This research project investigates communication between international teaching assistants and their undergraduate students in university-level chemistry labs. During the fall semester, introductory-level chemistry lab sections of three experienced non-native speaking teaching assistants and their undergraduate students were observed. Digital audio and video recordings documented fifteen hours of lab communication, focusing on the activities and interactions in the first hour of the chemistry laboratory sessions. In follow-up one-on-one semi-structured interviews, the participants (undergraduates, teaching assistants, and faculty member) reviewed interactions and responded to a 10item, 7-point Likert-scaled interview. Interactions were classified into success categories based on participants’ opinions. Quantitative and qualitative data from the observations and interviews guided the analysis of the laboratory interactions, which examined patterns of conversational listening. Analysis of laboratory communication reveals that undergraduates initiated nearly two-thirds of laboratory communication, with three-fourths of interactions less than 30 seconds in duration. Issues of gender and topics of interaction activity were also explored. Interview data identified that successful undergraduate-teaching assistant communication in interactive science labs depends on teaching assistant listening comprehension skills to interpret and respond successfully to undergraduate questions. Successful communication in the chemistry lab depended on the coordination of visual and verbal sources of information. Teaching assistant responses that included explanations and elaborations were also seen as positive features in the communicative exchanges. Interaction analysis focusing on the listening comprehension demands placed on international teaching assistants revealed that undergraduate-initiated questions often employ deixis (exophoric reference), requiring teaching assistants to demonstrate skills at disambiguating undergraduate discourse. Interaction analysis reinforced that successful undergraduate-teaching assistant communication depends on the coordination of verbal and visual channels of communication, with the physical objects of the chemistry lab environment playing a pivotal role in expressing information and in mutual understanding. These results have implications for the evaluation of English proficiency and the preparation of non-native speaking teaching assistants by pointing out that teaching assistant listening comprehension skills and the use of contextual artifacts contribute to successful communication and are areas that, to date, have been underrepresented in the research literature on international teaching assistant communication.
The Separation and Identification of α- and β-Globin Messenger Ribonucleic Acids

The size heterogeneity of the mouse and rabbit globin messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) purified by oligodeoxythymidylate-cellulose has been studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The globin mRNAs migrate as a diffuse band on sodium dodecyl sulfate 6% polyacrylamide gels with no separation of the α and β messengers. The diffuse migration pattern is partly due to secondary structure effects as electrophoresis on 4% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of formamide partially resolves two bands in the 9 S RNA region. Increasing the concentration of polyacrylamide to 10% further resolves these two bands. The difference in molecular weight between the bands is greater than that expected on the basis of a difference in the coding sequence of 15 nucleotides between the α- and β-globin mRNAs. To identify the bands, α-globin mRNA was isolated from the rabbit reticulocyte post-ribosomal supernatant fraction and subjected to electrophoresis along with total rabbit globin mRNA on the 10% polyacrylamide-formamide gels. The α-globin mRNA migrated with the faster moving band of the total mRNA preparation, thus identifying this band as the α-globin mRNA and, by inference, the slower migrating band as the β-globin mRNA. Using mRNA preparations enriched in one or the other of the messengers, it was shown that the mouse α- and β-globin mRNAs migrate identically with those of rabbit. The identity of the two bands in mouse mRNAs was further established by determining their ability to direct the synthesis of α- and β-globin chains in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. The ratio of β-globin to α-globin synthesized by the mRNA isolated from the more slowly migrating band was 4.3, whereas the ratio for the faster migrating band was 0.32. The ratio of β- to α-mRNA in different messenger preparations was obtained by scanning the formamide gels at 260 nm and quantitating the area under each peak. The globin mRNAs from both mouse and rabbit polysomes have β:α ratios of 1.1 to 1.2, whereas mRNA prepared from total postmembrane supernatant has a β:α ratio of 0.92.
A numerical method for computing the structured singular value

Abstract This article suggests a new approach to computing Doyle's structured singular value (SSV) of a matrix. The SSV is a notion important in robust control and several iteration schemes exist for approximation a solution [1,2,4,-8,10,11]. Our idea is to pick a special case of the general problem, which we believe to be natural and give an algorithm for studying it based on ‘off the shelf’ packages. Once we are committed to this ‘special case’ we discuss a very general plant uncertainty problem; it embraces real as well as complex plant perturbations of many kinds. The idea is simple and we believe very natural to the problem.
Assay of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase using liver slices and high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) activity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The enzyme activity was expressed as the sum of N-formyl- l -kynurenine (FK) and l -kynurenine (KYN) produced from l -tryptophan (TRY) by liver slices. FK and KYN were detected spectrophotometrically at 254 nm after their separation on a reversed-phase C18 column. KYN formation proceeded according to zero-order kinetics for at least 4 h with 15 mM TRY at 37°C. The apparent Michaelis constant was 1.2 mM TRY with a maximum velocity of 59 pmol min−1 mg−1 wet weight. The method was applied for TDO assay in mice treated with the organophosphorus acid triester diazinon. Kynurenine formamidase inhibition by diazinon resulted in reduced KYN formation, FK accumulation, and moderate TDO increase.
Solid Phase Extraction and QuEChERS Sample Preparation Methods for Rapid Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Avian Blood and Egg Tissue by UPLC-UV

This article reports modern and effective sample preparations designed for rapid screening of large number of samples of avian blood utilizing liquid–liquid extraction and egg using QuEChERS techniques. A UPLC-UV methodology for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the afore mentioned matrices was developed based on samples associated with the Gulf of Mexico after the Deep Water Horizon oil spill. Both sample preparation methods provided comparable recovery results for 15 EPA priority pollutants PAHs. A UPLC system equipped with photo-diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer was utilized for the quantification and confirmation of the analytes, respectively. The surrogate compound, naphthalene-d8, was used to monitor the extraction efficiency and chrysene-d12 as the quantitative internal standard. The recoveries of the analytes in the quality control (QC) samples were 65–110% with surrogate recoveries greater than 80%, whereas for the avian egg tissue recoveries were 43–100%...
Are There Detectable Infrared Arcs around Supernova 1987A

The possibility is examined that the recently discovered arcs of reflected light in the LMC around SN 1987A may be accompanied by detectable arcs of thermal IR emission from dust heated by the UV-visual output of the supernova. Detectability depends on the ratio Zeta = Q(a)/Q(p)P, where Q(a) and Q(s) are the visual absorption and scattering efficiencies of the dust and P is the small-angle scattering phase function. Calculations for spherical grains of graphite and silicate are presented. A Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck distribution of grain sizes has an effective Zeta of roughly 0.1. Some grain size distributions more heavily weighted toward small grains in the Galaxy have values of Zeta roughly one to two. With current instrumentation, the flux is below or at best close to the detection limit.
Convective heat transfer characteristics of electro-osmotically generated flow in microtubes at high wall potential

Abstract Fully-developed convection heat transfer for electro-osmotic flow in a circular microtube has been investigated for arbitrary wall zeta potentials under conditions of imposed wall temperature and imposed wall heat flux. The coupled differential equations governing charge potential, momentum, and energy were solved numerically. It has been determined that elevated values of wall zeta potential produce significant changes in the charge potential, electro-osmotic flow field, temperature profile, and Nusselt number relative to previous results invoking the Debye–Huckel linearization, which is valid only for low wall potentials.
Enumeration of rectangular arrays of zeros and ones

Abstract For r =1,2 the rectangular arrays of zeros and ones with r rows and n columns, with m i zeros and r i changes in the i th row, and with s i vertical changes between the i th and ( i +1)st rows, i =1,…, r -1, are enumerated. The number of arrays of zeros and ones with 3 rows and n columns, with r i changes in the i th row, i =1,2,3, and with s i vertical changes between the i th and ( i +1)st rows, i =1,2, is also determined.
In Vitro High-Capacity Assay to Quantify the Clonal Heterogeneity in Trilineage Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reveals a Complex Hierarchy of Lineage Commitment

In regenerative medicine, bone marrow is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a broad range of cellular therapies. This research addresses a basic prerequisite to realize the therapeutic potential of MSCs by developing a novel high-capacity assay to quantify the clonal heterogeneity in potency that is inherent to MSC preparations. The assay utilizes a 96-well format to (1) classify MSCs according to colony-forming efficiency as a measure of proliferation capacity and trilineage potential to exhibit adipo-, chondro-, and osteogenesis as a measure of multipotency and (2) preserve a frozen template of MSC clones of known potency for future use. The heterogeneity in trilineage potential of normal bone marrow MSCs is more complex than previously reported: all eight possible categories of trilineage potential were detected. In this study, the average colony-forming efficiency of MSC preparations was 55-62%, and tripotent MSCs accounted for nearly 50% of the colony-forming cells. The multiple phenotypes detected in this study infer a more convoluted hierarchy of lineage commitment than described in the literature. Greater cell amplification, colony-forming efficiency, and colony diameter for tri- versus unipotent clones suggest that MSC proliferation may be a function of potency. CD146 may be a marker of multipotency, with approximately 2-fold difference in mean fluorescence intensity between tri- and unipotent clones. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the efficacy of MSC therapies. The in vitro assay described herein will likely have numerous applications given the importance of heterogeneity to the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
Enzymes in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) hemolymph

Abstract 1. 1. Esterase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase isozymes from the hemolymph of mature adult worker honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) were electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gel. 2. 2. Enzymes and other proteins remained unchanged in the mature adult worker bee, and no electrophoretic defferences were detected.
Enhanced down-regulation of ALCAM/CD166 in African-American Breast Cancer

Variation in tumor biology in African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CAU) women with breast cancer is poorly defined. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a bad prognostic factor of breast cancer yet it has never being studied in the AA population. We tested the hypothesis that ALCAM expression would be markedly lower in cases of AA breast cancer when compared to CAU. Cases of breast cancer among AA (n = 78) and CAU (n = 95) women were studied. Immunohistochemical staining was used to semi-quantitatively score ALCAM expression in tumor and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. Clinico-pathological characteristics including histological type, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2-neu status were abstracted, and their association with ALCAM expression tested. Univariate analysis revealed that the level of ALCAM expression at intercellular junctions of primary tumors correlates with histological grade (AA; p = 0.04, CUA; p = 0.02), ER status (AA; p = 0.0004, CAU; p = 0.0015), PR status (AA; p = 0.002, CUA p = 0.034) and triple-negative tumor status (AA; p = 0.0002, CAU; p = 0.0006,) in both ethnic groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ethnicity contribute significantly to ALCAM expression after accounting for basal-like subtype, age, histological grade, tumor size, and lymph node status. Compared to CAU tumors, the AA are 4 times more likely to have low ALCAM expression (p = 0.003). Markedly low expression of ALCAM at sites of cell-cell contact in primary breast cancer tumors regardless of differentiation, size and lymph node involvement may contribute to the more aggressive phenotype of breast cancer among AA women.
Potential Hemodynamic Mechanisms for Gender Differences in AAA Formation

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. It is classically thought of as a disease of older men with the incidence approaching 30%. The most common place of AAA is infrarenal abdominal aorta where oscillatory shear stress (OSS) is present. OSS is known to initiate an inflammatory response in the endothelium. It is also known that females are at lower risk for developing AAA. The explanation for this difference is lacking. We recruited 8 healthy volunteers, 4 males and 4 females who underwent infrarenal abdominal aortic Magnetic Resonance angiography and phase contrast imaging. The collected data was used to calculate systolic forward and diastolic retrograde blood flow. Our results suggest that female infrarenal aortas are exposed to a 3-fold lower degree of OSS. It appears that the low resistance internal iliac arterial system may be in part responsible for such flow patterns. We conclude that female aortas are subjected to lower OSS and that low resistance internal iliac arterial system appears to play a protective role.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Mr. Moto: Improbable International Man of Mystery

Mr. Moto, a fictional Japanese detective, achieved mass popularity through a series of 1930s films starring Peter Lorre. Moto was the creation of successful writer John P. Marquand (1893–1960), whose novels depicted a Japanese international spy quite different from the genial Mr. Moto of film. Revisiting the original Mr. Moto novels illuminates a Japanese character who rationalized Japan’s 1930s continental expansionism in ways that might have been acceptable to many Americans. Although Marquand intended to present Mr. Moto as a “moderate” and reasonable Japanese agent and generally present East Asians in a positive light, it is difficult to see the novels as doing anything more than buttressing prevailing racial and ethnic stereotypes.
Sandwich panels for blast protection in water: simulations

Edge supported metallic sandwich panels subject to underwater blast respond in a manner dependent on the relative timescales for water cavitation, core crushing, and structural response in bending. This article examines the response to impulses representative of an (especially relevant) domain: wherein the water cavitates before the core crushes. In some cases, core crushing ceases before the overall structural deformation is complete, leading to what is termed strong-core response. In other situations, core crushing continues beyond the stage at which the dry-face of the sandwich panel ceases to deform, a behavior that is known as weak-core response. It is known that weak-core response provides superior panel performance in terms of three performance metrics: the back-face deflection, the tearing susceptibility of the faces and the loads transmitted to the supports. The relevant regime of behavior is determined by the magnitude of the transmitted impulse from the water, the relative strength of the core, and the aspect ratio of the panel, so that a panel must be designed carefully against a known threat to achieve optimal performance. This paper initiates the development of a map of response for sandwich panels having I-core geometry, delineating strong, weak and other behavior in terms of some of the design parameters mentioned above. The effect of fluid-structure interaction is included in the simulations, and these results are contrasted with those in which fluid-structure interaction is omitted and an initial impulse is instead given to the wet-face of the panel.
Induction of micronuclei in mouse and hamster bone-marrow by chemical carcinogens

Abstract Four carcinogens, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), acetylaminofluorene (AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were tested acutely and chronically in the micronucleus test in both mice and hamsters. In acute studies using mice, all compounds increased the relatice frequency of micronuclei when compared to controls. There was a dose response which tended to tail off as bone-marrow suppression was observed. The order of activity appears to be DMN>AFB1⩾3-MC>AAF. In acute hamster studies, AFB1 was inactive at the highest dose tested (3 mg/kg). In the case of hamsters, all other compounds increased the incidence of micronuclei with DMN>3-MC>AAF. Subacute studies with hamsters revealed that 3-MC was active at 1 week but not 8 weeks while DMN was active at both 1 and 8 weeks. AAF was active at 8 and 12 weeks and AFB1 was active at 12 weeks but not 8 weeks. The authors conclude that this test does not appear useful in chronic protocols and probably more reflects carcinogenicity of the test compounds than acute toxicity. Nevertheless, acute studies demonstrate that this test procedure is of value in the characterization of a compound's relative mutagenic potential.
Strategic locus for the activation of the superoxide dismutase gene in the nephron

Strategic locus for the activation of the superoxide dismutase gene in the nephron. Upon exposure to a transient ischemia, the distal tubule of the kidney often escapes the severe damage which afflicts the proximal tubule. To ascertain whether this feature of the distal tubule is attributable to its intrinsic cellular properties, we focused on two pairs of unique tubule segments; distal versus proximal convoluted tubules in the superficial cortex and distal versus proximal straight tubules in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. These tubules were chosen because, firstly, they can be identified by morphology and immunostaining, and secondly, each pair has the same anatomical relationship to the circulation. Detailed morphometric analyses were performed six hours following unilateral transient ischemia in adult rats to semiquantitate the local tissue damage in these specific nephron segments. The architecture of the distal convoluted and straight tubules was remarkably well preserved, contrasting to the moderate to extensive necrotic changes seen in the proximal tubules. In search of the potential intrinsic cellular mechanism that underlies the observed difference, we examined the segmental distribution along the nephron of manganese superoxide dismutase gene transcripts by in situ hybridization. This antioxidant enzyme gene was expressed primarily in the distal tubules with contrastingly low levels of expression in the proximal tubules. Moreover, following ischemia-reperfusion, this distal tubule-dominant pattern was further accentuated immediately following reperfusion. The study indicates that the marked difference between the proximal and distal tubules in their susceptibility to injury in vivo is attributable to their intrinsic cellular properties, which include the local level of antioxidants.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [(CH3NH3)0.5(NH4)1.5]Sb8S13·2.8H2O and Rb2Sb8S13 ·3.3H2O

Abstract The new thioantimonates [CH3NH3)0.5(NH4)1.5Sb8S13 ·2.8H2O (1) and Rb2Sb8S13 ·3.3H2O (2) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal structure determination. The two compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/m with a=7.1931(3) A, b=25.770(1) A, c=15.9999(8) A, β=96.856(1)°, Z=4 for 1 and a=7.1899(8) A, b=25.760(3) A, c=15.973(2) A, β=96.541(2)°, Z=4 for 2, measured at 293 K. The structure consists of 12-membred rings of SbS3 pyramids that are linked into one-dimensional complex chains. The chains are interconnected by secondary Sb–S bonds to form puckered layers. The stacking of the layers aligns the 12-membred rings, giving rise to a system of wide channels with an aperture of ca. 5.9×8.0 A. The monovalent cations and water molecules are located in the channels. The layers are closely related to those found in the known compounds (C4H10N)2Sb8S13 ·0.15H2O and (C8N4H26)0.5 Sb7S11.