cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasonographically Guided Biopsy in Testicular Sarcoidosis: A Case Report

We present a case of sarcoidosis with involvement of a solitary testis that was discovered incidentally on an ultrasonogram of the scrotum. This appears to be case 8 of sarcoidosis with genitourinary involvement limited to the testis. We believe it is the second report of intraoperative ultrasonography used to locate and perform a biopsy of impalpable testicular lesions. We consider this technique to be useful in instances of solitary gonads or in cases of bilateral lesions.
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF COAL GRINDING PROPERTIES AND COAL PETROLOGY

The Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) is a widely used coal-quality parameter with applications in coal mining, beneficiation, and utilization. An understanding of the petrology of the coal is fundamental to understanding the validity of the HGI in the given application. The HGI varies with coal rank, increasing (greater ease of grinding) with increasing rank through the high-volatile bituminous rank range; and the HGI varies with changes in the maceral and microlithotype composition, decreasing with an increase in liptinite and liptinite-rich microlithotypes. In this review, the fundamental relationship between HGI and coal petrology, and consequently its relationship to coal utilization, is examined.
Antibacterial Antifolates: From Development through Resistance to the Next Generation

The folate cycle is one of the key metabolic pathways used by bacteria to synthesize vital building blocks required for proliferation. Therapeutic agents targeting enzymes in this cycle, such as trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, are among some of the most important and continually used antibacterials to treat both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. As with all antibacterial agents, the emergence of resistance threatens the continued clinical use of these life-saving drugs. In this article, we describe and analyze resistance mechanisms that have been clinically observed and review newer generations of preclinical compounds designed to overcome the molecular basis of the resistance.
LiveView: A new utility for real-time calibration of focal plane arrays using commodity hardware

This paper presents a novel application of commodity Graphics Processing Units (GPU), the OpenMP CPU parallelization library, and the Qt4.8 framework for a real-time characterization and calibration utility created to meet the needs of the Imaging Spectroscopy community. Until now FPA calibration was performed offline in MATLAB or IDL due to the high throughput required to process incoming data — a staggering 1.1 Gbit/sec on a CPU. Techniques better suited to this sort of high-throughput processing are described, as well as pitfalls. The real-time analysis of data produced by these algorithms is used to identify sources of electronic noise and interference in the imaging spectrometer and to characterize the FPA. Additionally, the methods for optimizing the calculation routines used in the software, such as Fourier Transforms (FFT) and Dark Subtraction Filters (DSF), are described along with their applications. This software has been used to provide critical support for the testing of several imaging spectrometers, such as AVIRIS Next Generation2, NEON-33, PRISM4 and CWIS5.
A Systems Approach for the Use of Live Case Studies

As a means of creating a realistic situational application for marketing research theory, many professors have opted for the use of client-sponsored projects. This concept has been discussed by a number of authors (Santos and Jensen 1985; Prestly 1983; Jones 1982; Humphreys, 1981; Browne 1979). Gilberto de los Santos and Thomas D. Jensen, in particular, have utilized this technique at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. Although this concept has been tried by a number of professors, it has been rejected by many as too time consuming. One reason for this rejection is the difficulty encountered in organizing the project and the classroom instruction. For this reason, a systems approach was designed to assist in the organization of all activities associated with the client-based activity.
Abstract LB-314: Oncogenic Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine phosphorylation

The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells’ preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. Cancer cells restrain pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in large part by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. However, the potential implication of Src in tumor metabolism remained largely unclear. Here we report that active Src enzyme directly tyrosine-phosphorylates the PDH E1α subunit (PDHA1). Conversely, pharmacological Src inhibitors or depletion of Src by shRNA abolish PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells, suggesting that Src is the main kinase responsible for PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation. This Src-mediated modification inactivates PDH. Consistently, activation of Src attenuates PDH activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of mitochondrial respiration. Src inhibitors activate PDH and increase cellular ROS levels. Importantly, expression of a tyrosine non-phosphorable PDHA1 mutant in Src-activated cancer cells restores PDH activity, increases mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, decreases experimental metastasis, and sensitizes cancer cells to pro-oxidant treatment. The results suggest that Src contributes to the Warburg metabolic phenotype by inactivating PDH through tyrosine phosphorylation, and this metabolic effect of Src is essential for Src-driven malignancy and therapy resistance. As inhibition of Src sensitizes cancer cells to pro-oxidants, combination therapies consisting of both Src inhibitors and pro-oxidants may improve anticancer efficacy. Citation Format: Jianrong Lu. Oncogenic Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-314.
„Ulysses“ von James Joyce

Nur wenige Texte der Weltliteratur haben derart zu Nachdichtungen und Uberarbeitungen angeregt wie Homers Odyssee. Die kunstlerisch hochwertigste Umdichtung und -deutung erfuhr die Erzahlung uber Odysseus freilich bei James Joyce. In seinem Ulysses verwendete er das antike Epos als Matrix fur eine eigenwillige Art von Roman, der fur das 20. Jahrhundert stilbildend wirkte und auch fur das 21. Jahrhundert relevante anthropologische Uberlegungen bereithalt. Insbesondere das Thema der menschlichen Identitat klingt in Joyces Ulysses immer wieder an.
A Multitask Grocery Assist System for the Visually Impaired: Smart glasses, gloves, and shopping carts provide auditory and tactile feedback

According to the World Health Organization, "285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide" [1]. Several technologies such as automatic text readers, Braille note makers, and navigation assistance canes have been developed to assist the visually impaired. Concurrent advances in computer vision and hardware technologies provide opportunities for a visual-assistance system that can be used in multiple contexts. As part of the Visual Cortex on Silicon program, we have been developing interfaces, algorithms, and hardware platforms to assist the visually impaired with a focus on grocery shopping. This article describes the various features that we have incorporated into this visual-assistance system so that it can be used in multiple contexts.
Entity Type Recognition for Heterogeneous Semantic Graphs.

We describe an approach to reducing the computational cost of identifying coreferent instances in heterogeneous semantic graphs where the underlying ontologies may not be informative or even known. The problem is similar to coreference resolution in unstructured text, where a variety of linguistic clues and contextual information is used to infer entity types and predict coreference. Semantic graphs, whether in RDF or another formalism, are semi-structured data with very different contextual clues and need different approaches to identify potentially coreferent entities. When their ontologies are unknown, inaccessible or semantically trivial, coreference resolution is difficult. For such cases, we can use supervised machine learning to map entity attributes via dictionaries based on properties from an appropriate background knowledge base to predict instance entity types, aiding coreference resolution. We evaluated the approach in experiments on data from Wikipedia, Freebase and Arnetminer and DBpedia as the background knowledge base.
National Institutes of Health Research Plan on Rehabilitation

Abstract One in five Americans experiences disability that affects their daily function because of impairments in mobility, cognitive function, sensory impairment, or communication impairment. The need for rehabilitation strategies to optimize function and reduce disability is a clear priority for research to address this public health challenge. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently published a Research Plan on Rehabilitation that provides a set of priorities to guide the field over the next 5 years. The plan was developed with input from multiple Institutes and Centers within the NIH, the National Advisory Board for Medical Rehabilitation Research, and the public. This article provides an overview of the need for this research plan, an outline of its development, and a listing of six priority areas for research. The NIH is committed to working with all stakeholder communities engaged in rehabilitation research to track progress made on these priorities and to work to advance the science of medical rehabilitation.
The Critical Need for Accurately Defining Digital Ulcers in Scleroderma

Digital ulcers are one of the key predictors of disease progression and quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis. Choosing the right treatment for the individual patient begins at developing a consensus among clinicians of what constitutes a digital ulcer. The aim of this editorial is to describe the high unmet need for a standardized method of defining digital ulcers, which is a major challenge not only for treatment, but also for development of new therapies. We discuss the potential role of ultrasound in the development of a validated definition of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.
Smoking Behaviors in Arab Americans: Acculturation and Health Beliefs.

Introduction: Arab Americans are a growing population in the United States. In the 2011 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau reported there were close to 1.8 million Arab Americans liv...
Climate and Crop Yields in Australia, Brazil, China, Europe and the United States

We examine whether nonlinear relationships between climatic conditions and crop yields are globally generalizable at subnational levels. We match subnational longitudinal administrative data on crop yields for barley, maize, oats, rice, soybeans, and wheat with growing season temperature and rainfall measures across Australia (n=406), Brazil (n=94,299), China (n=38,480), the European Union (n=15,505), and the United States (n=177,069). Using a flexible nonparametric approach that accounts for unobserved differences between locations, we estimate nineteen separate nonlinear climate-yield response surfaces. We verify that high temperatures and low rainfall substantially and significantly reduce crop yields across essentially all contexts and crops, with the exception of rice which tends to display more muted effects. Our results demonstrate a large and generalizable sensitivity of crop yields to climatic conditions across major crops in many of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.
Failure to Obtain One-Way Shuttle Avoidance in the Lizard Anolis Sagrei

Cuban anoles (Anolis sagrei) were studied in a one-way shuttle procedure with a compound auditory-light stimulus which commenced 5 sec. prior to electric shock onset. None of the 6 lizards learned to avoid, although all animals developed reliable escape responding. Asymptotic performance was quite similar to that obtained in an earlier study which employed a two-way shuttle procedure. The results suggest that auditory and visual stimuli do not become effective conditioned stimuli with lizards when they are paired with an aversive stimulus.
‘The largest volunteer life saving corps in the world’: centering child caregiving in histories of U.S. human security through the Little Mothers’ League

AbstractIn this article, I explore the relationship between youth, security, and caregiving through a study of the U.S. Little Mothers’ Leagues, an initiative which began in New York City in 1910 with the aim of reducing infant mortality by training young girls to properly care for their infant siblings. Critical approaches to caregiving view security and insecurity as relational, drawing attention to contemporary power arrangements in the global caregiving industry and the contemporary crisis of care. However, in treating children as perpetual care recipients, it fails to provide a robust framework for understanding youth and children in historical and contemporary concerns related to human security. The history of the Little Mothers, largely children of European ‘non-native white’ immigrant families, illustrates the importance of children in securing population-wide well-being and the nation’s status in the global competition to reduce infant mortality. When set in contrast to the eugenics-inspired Moth...
Network Coding for Wireless Networks

Network coding refers to a scheme where a node is allowed to generate output data by mixing (i.e., computing certain functions of) its received data. The unique characteristics of wireless medium renders network coding particularly useful. For instance, network coding can be used to achieve the minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting in a wireless ad hoc network. In addition to optimizing energy efficiency, the network coding based scheme has only polynomial time complexity, breaking through the NP-hardness barrier of the conventional routing approach. As another example, recently network coding has been developed into a link layer enhancement scheme. The network coding engine in the link layer can opportunistically mix the outgoing packets to reduce the transmissions in the air. This paper provides an overview of some recent development about using network coding in wireless networks, including (i) network coding for end-to-end multicasting, (ii) network coding in the link layer, and (iii) network coding in the physical layer.
A Multi-Agent System for Healthcare Data Privacy

Research has been conducted on distributed data mining, privacy preserving data mining, and multiagent systems; however, integrating the aforementioned research areas require further investigation. Sensitive data sources, such as healthcare organizations, may be reluctant to permit sensitive data to leave the source or permit mining of the sensitive data. Additionally, distributed data mining on sensitive data spanning multiple organizations poses challenges for data privacy and integration. A multi-agent architecture may be employed to anonymize data at the source before transmission to a central repository for knowledge discovery. The advantages of the multi-agent method include customization based on individual organizational requirements, facilitating data integration, maintaining data privacy, and maintaining the integrity of source data. This research explores applying a multi-agent architecture coupled with privacy preserving techniques to mining distributed healthcare data. Results indicate a multi-agent architecture may facilitate data mining across disparate sensitive data sources while maintaining data and knowledge integrity.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Training, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice.

Abstract Background: Deficits in provider training may contribute to disparities impacting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming (LGB-TGNC) individuals. Methods: We sent an ...
Influence of Precipitation on Plant Production at Different Topographic Positions in the Nebraska Sandhills

Abstract Several studies have evaluated the spatial distribution of cool- and warm-season grasses across different topographic positions in the Nebraska Sandhills, but limited research has explored topographic differences in total plant production or production of plant functional groups in relation to variable amounts of precipitation. This study evaluated how spring and growing season precipitation influenced plant production at four topographic positions common in the eastern Nebraska Sandhills. Plant production data were collected from annually moved grazing exclosures in mid-June (peak cool-season grass production) and mid-August (peak warm-season grass production) during a 17-yr period from 2001 to 2017. Total plant production and precipitation use efficiency were 35 − 58% greater on interdune positions, and precipitation marginal response for total plant production was more sensitive to increases in spring and growing season precipitation on interdune compared with dune positions in both mid-June and mid-August. The greater precipitation marginal response of total plant production on interdune positions was driven primarily by greater increases in cool-season grass production with increasing spring or growing season precipitation. Warm-season grass precipitation marginal response was not different among the topographic positions, but production was 23 − 70% greater on interdune compared with dune topographic positions in mid-August. When differences in the amount of each topographic position at the study location were accounted for, growing season precipitation explained 49% of the variation for total plant production in mid-August, but spring precipitation only explained 23% of the variation for total plant production in mid-June. Because of the differential response of plant production at dune and interdune positions, incorporating the relative amount of each topographic position into estimates of plant production at the pasture or ranch scale will provide better information for adjusting stocking rates to more accurately match animal demand with forage availability.
2-D Modeling of Dual-Gate MOSFET Devices Using Quintic Splines

This paper is the first known composition to demonstrate the application of quintic splines in the development of a dual-gate MOSFET model based on the well-known drift-diffusion system of differential equations used in semiconductor analysis. The techniques and methodologies presented advance the current state of the art in this particular area by implementing improved 2-D numerical techniques and avoiding the use of common accuracy reducing assumptions to decrease semiconductor equation complexity and execution time. This results in a model that is valid in all regions of operation, includes Non-Quasi static transient behavior, accounts for short channel effects, and allows researchers to predict the real world manufacturing effects of gate oxide thickness imperfections and applied gate voltage disparities. Model validation was accomplished by comparing simulation results to previously published experimental data for long and short channel devices as well as data generated using an established commercial product. In addition, a subsequent paper submission is planned to demonstrate the application of this modeling method in determining frequency response for simple CMOS circuits.
On Proximity for k-Regular Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization

Putting a finer structure on a constraint matrix than is afforded by subdeterminant bounds, we give sharpened proximity results for the setting of k-regular mixed-integer linear optimization.
Interbank Networks in the Shadows of the Federal Reserve Act

Central banks provide public liquidity to traditional (regulated) banks with the intention of stabilizing the financial system. Shadow banks are not regulated, yet they indirectly access such liquidity through the interbank system. We build a model that shows how public liquidity provision may change the linkages between traditional and shadow banks, increasing systemic risk through three channels: reducing aggregate liquidity, expanding fragile short-term borrowing, and crowding out of private cross-bank insurance. We show that the creation of the Federal Reserve System and the provision of public liquidity changed the structure and nature of the U.S. interbank network in ways that are consistent with the model and its implications. We provide empirical evidence by constructing unique data on balance sheets and detailed disaggregated information on payments and funding connections in Virginia.
Accuracy of Patient Identification of Electrocardiogram-Verified Atrial Arrhythmias.

This cross-sectional study describes the sensitivity and specificity of patient self-assessment for atrial arrhythmia compared with 12-lead electrocardiogram and describes the association of patient perception of arrhythmia with symptom burden.
Timing of assessments for PRO measures in advanced RCC clinical trials.

e19101Background: Efficient and thoughtful collection of PROs in randomized cancer trials is necessary, especially when comparing drugs with differing administration schedules. Assessment timing fo...
Susac’s Syndrome

Susac’s syndrome is microangiopathy defined by a triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and multiple branch retinal artery occlusions. First case reports appeared in the literature in 1973 (Weidauer and Tenner 1973; Pfaffenbach and Hollenhorst 1973) and in 1979, Dr. John O. Susac published reports of microangiopathy of the brain and retina in two young women (Susac et al. 1979). Since first reported in the 1970s, approximately 300 case reports have been published on the disease. Susac’s syndrome most commonly affects young women and was initially only thought to affect females, however, it has been reported in males also. A recent systematic case review of all reported cases found a 3.5 to 1 female to male predominance and an average age of onset between 21 and 35 years (Dorr et al. 2013).
Sustainable Development Goals and the Study of Economic Inequality

This paper is an introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Economic Inequality which contains a selection of articles published in the Journal which bring economic perspectives and methods to bear on dimensions of inequality highlighted in the Sustainable Development Goals. The papers show that the study of economic inequality has much to contribute to the global policy discourse which is underpinned by the SDGs.
Using TOP-C for commodity parallel computing in cosmic ray physics simulations

Abstract top-c (Task Oriented Parallel C) is a freely available package for parallel computing. It is designed to be easy to learn and to have good tolerance for the high latencies that are common in commodity networks of computers. It has been successfully used in a wide range of examples, providing linear speedup with the number of computers. A brief overview of top-c is provided, along with recent experience with cosmic ray physics simulations.
Werkgruppe II: Sonstige Klavierkompositionen

Ariette ǀ avec 15 Variations ǀ POUR LE PIANO FORTE ǀ composee et dediee ǀ Mlle la Baronne Therese de Rau ǀ Dame d'honneur chez S. A. R. Mde la Duchesse ǀ Regnante de Wirtemberg. ǀ par le ǀ MAJOR de BEECKE
Characterizing weather-related biophysical and financial risks in algal biofuel production

Abstract Algal biofuels are a renewable liquid fuel with advantages over crop-based biofuels, including higher yield per acre, the ability to recycle production inputs, and the option to create valuable co-products. Previous analyses suggest that algal biofuels could become cost-competitive if technological improvements are achieved. Most previous research, however, does not consider the impact of seasonal and year-to-year uncertainty in weather factors, such as solar irradiance and temperature, on biomass productivity, and those that do are based on limited meteorological records. This study explores the influence of weather uncertainty on biomass growth and biorefinery revenues as well as impacts from market price uncertainty. The performance of a hypothetical algal biorefinery in Vero Beach, Florida is explored by combining stochastic weather generation, biophysical growth modelling, stochastic market price generation, and techno-economic analysis. Results show coefficient of variation values of 8–15% in seasonal revenues for an algae producer, and that the variation in annual revenues was lower than that of corn, soybean, and cotton. In sensitivity analyses, both weather and price fluctuations are found to be significant sources of financial risk. This is the first probabilistic quantification of weather-related production impacts for algae producers, which is relevant given global growth in the algae industry as evidenced by the new eligibility of algae for crop insurance in the US 2018 Farm Bill.
Electrical Modulation Tramsmitted IR Light Through VO2 Thin Film on GaN Membranes

In the recent years, studies to develop near-infrared light modulators for imaging and sensing applications have attracted great attention. Here, we report on phase transition induced optical transmittance characteristics variation of electrochromic VO 2 thin film grown on GaN membrane for light modulation application. Insulator metal transition (IMT) phase of the VO 2 thin film was triggered using an electric field applied on the interdigitated metal electrodes deposited on it. Voltage triggered phase transition resulted in ~45% change in resistance of the thin film and ~11% reduction in transmitted optical power for a 1550 nm laser. Moreover, near-infrared light modulation utilizing IMT properties of the VO 2 thin film-based membrane was demonstrated by applying various voltages with pulse widths ranging from 2 ms to 300 µs,
Entitlement in a Real Effort Ultimatum Game

Data from lab experiments support the claim that individuals have social preferences. Most models of social preferences, however, consider only the distribution of outcomes, not the source of the endowment used in the game. Once the source is considered, outcomes in the ultimatum game are more difficult to interpret. We extend the ultimatum game to allow for responder-produced endowments. We find that offers increase when the responder produces the endowment, but rejection rates are lower. Further, offers remain below 100% of the endowment, suggesting that unproductive proposers feel entitled to a part of the endowment, and responders respect this right.
The Central Limit Theorem

This chapter provides an overview on the central limit theorem. It presents an assumption that X 1 , X 2 … are independent, identically distributed random variables with zero mean, and S n = X 1 + ··· + X n , the strong law of large numbers states that S n converges to 0. Thus, given ɛ > 0, | S n /n | will be less than ɛ for large n ; in other words, S n will be small in comparison with n . This chapter presents results called versions of the central limit theorem, concerning the approximate distribution of S n for large n . Two basic techniques are used in the development of results, namely, the theory of weak convergence and a technique involving the use of characteristic functions.
Myths, misconceptions and an alternative perspective on information usage and the electronic medium

The beauty of these perspectives is that you can buy into one and dismiss the other, and either way, you will still be eligible for membership of the technocrat club, that exclusive band of late 20th century scholars who claim to have seen the light (and know it flickers when active). Many cognitive scientists accept the computer metaphor of mind so uncritically that it is inconceivable for them that mental life does not flow through buffers and circuits in an algorithmic embrace of the biological hardware (see e.g., Johnson-Laird, 1988). Yet, these people may find little in cOmmon with others, often educationalists (Cunningham, Duffy, & Knuth, 1993), who are dismissive of such artifactual philosophizing. Putatively pragmatic, educationalists prefer applications of technology and want learning environments to be virtual, networked, and nonlinear, and every child to have a mouse, a menu, and a math coprocessor.
WATER PARASITISM STEMMING FROM HYDRAULIC LIFT: A QUANTITATIVE TEST IN THE FIELD

Hydraulic lift, a process involving efflux of water from the root system in dry soil layers at night, provides the opportunity for parasitism of the released water by roots of neighboring plants the following day. The potential for parasitism had been shown in earlier experiments by a transfer of deuterated water from shrub roots to neighboring tussock grass plants. In the present field study, the transpiration of entire grass tussocks was measured under controlled light, temperature, and humidity conditions resulting in a high evaporative demand during the daylight periods. After establishing a series of diel courses of transpiration, the neighboring shrubs were illuminated overnight in order to circumvent their hydraulic lift, while the tussocks experienced a normal dark period. No effect on transpiration rates of the grass tussocks was detected on the days following this night-lighting treatment. Thus, removing the nocturnal efflux of water by the shrub roots did not diminish the access of the grasses to water needed to meet their transpiration demand. These results suggest that a large net transfer of water from shrubs to the grasses did not occur under these circumstances. The potential for some water parasitism under particular aridland conditions is discussed.
Physician burnout: can we make a difference together?

West CP, Dyrbye LN, Rabatin JT, Call TG, Davidson JH, Multari A, Romanski SA, Hellyer JMH, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TF. Intervention to promote physician well-being, job satisfaction, and professionalism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:527–33. Despite the documented prevalence and clinical ramifications of physician distress, few rigorous studies have tested interventions to address the problem. Objective: To test the hypothesis that an intervention involving a facilitated physician small-group curriculum would result in improvement in well-being. Design: A randomized clinical trial of practicing physicians. Additional data were collected on nontrial participants responding to annual surveys timed to coincide with the trial surveys. Setting: Department of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota between September 2010 and June 2012. Participants: The study involved 74 practicing physicians in the Department of Medicine and 350 nontrial participants responding to annual surveys. Interventions: The intervention involved 19 biweekly facilitated physician discussion groups incorporating elements of mindfulness, reflection, shared experience, and small-group learning for 9 months. Protected time (1 hour of paid time every other week) for participants was provided by the institution. Outcomes: Meaning in work, empowerment and engagement in work, burnout, symptoms of depression, quality of life, and job satisfaction were assessed using validated metrics. Empowerment and engagement at work increased by 5.3 points in the intervention arm vs. a 0.5-point decline in the control arm by 3 months after the study (P = .04), an improvement sustained at 12 months (+5.5 vs. +1.3 points; P = .03). Rates of high depersonalization at 3 months had decreased by 15.5 % in the intervention arm vs. a 0.8 % increase in the control arm (P = .004). This difference was also sustained at 12 months (9.6 % vs. 1.5 % decrease; P = .02). No statistically significant differences in stress, symptoms of depression, overall quality of life, or job satisfaction were seen. In additional comparisons including the nontrial physician cohort, the proportion of participants strongly agreeing that their work was meaningful increased 6.3 % in the study intervention arm but decreased 6.3 % in the study control arm and 13.4 % in the nonstudy cohort (P = .04). Rates of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and overall burnout decreased substantially in the trial intervention arm, decreased slightly in the trial control arm, and increased in the nontrial cohort (P = .03, P = .007, and P = .002 for each outcome, respectively). An intervention for physicians based on a facilitated small-group curriculum improved meaning and engagement in work and reduced depersonalization, with sustained results 12 months after the study.
Going Back to Kindergarten: Considering the Application of Waldorf Education Principles to Legal Education

There have been many recent articles about the ethical decline of lawyers. This article offers a simple solution: Educate the whole law student, not just their "minds." If law schools want to create professional and ethical lawyers, law schools need to integrate ethics, professionalism, and personal values within the traditional law school curriculum. Waldorf Education, a progressive educational methodology, serves as a model for this integration. As law professors, we have the unique privilege and obligation to shape the integrity of our students. In each and every lecture, we can provide lessons in ethics, honesty, integrity, and professionalism. The result in the end will be a better legal profession, more effective justice, and perhaps more importantly, a greater sense of well-being and satisfaction among the new lawyers in our profession.
The social structure of liquidity : Flexibility, markets, and states

Les AA. analysent ce que recouvre la notion de liquidite. Ils rappellent que ce terme caracterise le fonctionnement des marches economiques. Le marche apparait comme un «lieu» d'echanges entre vendeurs et acheteurs. Il permet de determiner le volume des echanges et la valeur des produits. Les AA. estiment que ce sont les agents economiques qui creent la liquidite des marches. Ils analysent la liquidite du second marche des hypotheques americain et celle des marches financiers britanniques. Ils examinent l'impact des legislations economiques sur la liquidite des marches financiers. Ils soulignent que les dettes publiques elles-memes peuvent faire l'objet de transactions financieres. Ils etudient la relation entre offre et demande de liquidite
Network Management for Open Systems Connected Through ISDN

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a concept to integrate various kinds of telecommunication networks and services into a single network. The set of services to be integrated into ISDN includes telephony as well as the services traditionally used by communicating data applications. Once ISDN will be available, data communication applications may use ISDN bearer services instead of the transmission media currently used (e.g. leased lines or virtual circuits through a packet switched network).
Predicting Location-Based Sequential Purchasing Events by Using Spatial, Temporal, and Social Patterns

Location-based sequential event prediction is an interesting problem with many real-world applications. For example, knowing when and where people will use certain kinds of services could enable the development of robust anticipatory systems. A key to this problem is in understanding the nature of the process from which sequential data arises. Usually, human behavior exhibits distinct spatial, temporal, and social patterns. The authors examine three kinds of patterns extracted from sequential purchasing events and propose a novel model that captures contextual dependencies in spatial sequence, customers' temporal preferences, and social influence via an implicit network. Their model outperforms existing models based on evaluations using a real-world dataset of smartcard transaction records from a large educational institution with 13,753 students during a 10-month time period.
Incidence and duration of breast-feeding in Mexican-American infants, 1970-1982.

The Mexican-American component of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to examine the breastfeeding behavior of 2402 infants born between 1970-82. The proportion of infants ever breastfed increased substantially in recent years. Weighted proportions were 30.7% for 1970-74 38.1% for 1975-78 and 47.6% for 1979-82. By use of logistic regression models children born into households with a college-educated head were shown to be more likely to be breastfed than were other children; breastfeeding was also positively associated with birthweight. Infants in households for which the preferred interview language was Spanish were more likely to be breastfed than infants living in households for which the interview was conducted in English. Analysis of the factors influencing the distribution of weaning times among infants was less definitive because reported weaning times are heaped on multiples of 3 months. The gathering of current-status or status quo information on infant feeding is urged for data collection in future studies. (authors)
Monitoring volume changes in red cell ghosts by means of a trapped fluorescent probe

Abstract A method is described for monitoring changes in the volume of red cell ghosts by means of a fluorescent probe trapped inside them. The fluorophore, 8-hydropxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonate, is partialy quenched by the residual hemoglobin in the ghosts. When the ghosts swell, the hemoglobin concentration is reduced, the quenching is somewhat relieved and the fluorescence output increases. Opposite changes occur when the ghosts shrink. Fluorescence intensity is linearly related to ghost volume for both swelling and shrinking, but there is a larger change in fluorescence for shrinking from the isotonic volume than for an equivalent swelling. The method has been used to follow the swelling phase of dye-loaded ghosts suspended in a solution of a penetrating nonelectrolyte in isotonic saline.
Preoperative correlation of intraoperative cortical mapping with magnetic resonance imaging landmarks to predict localization of the Broca area.

Object. Broca identified the posterior third of the inferior frontal gyrus as a locus essential for the production of fluent speech. The authors have conducted this retrospective analysis in an attempt to find readily identifiable landmarks on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that correspond to intraoperative cortical stimulation-induced speech arrest. These landmarks demonstrate novel structural—functional relationships that can be used preoperatively to predict the location of the Broca area. Methods. Using a neuronavigation system, sites where stimulation produced speech arrest (Broca area) were recorded in a consecutive series of patients undergoing awake tumor resections in the perisylvian territory of the dominant hemisphere. The authors reviewed 33 consecutive patients by projecting the MR imaging data sets and marking the site where the Broca area was identified. Sulcus topography was analyzed with respect to this site by scrolling into neighboring planes and classifying the frontal operculum into ...
Energy recovery from waste food by combustion or gasification with the potential for regenerative dehydration: A case study

Energy recovery from food waste was studied using the food service at the US Naval Academy as a case study. Post-consumer food waste was captured over a period of ten days to estimate individual waste per meal and total waste per month. The food waste was analyzed for chemical composition and water content using ultimate and proximate analysis, and for energy content, and compared with the same analyses of wood (a more typical biomass fuel). Three different samples of food waste showed relative uniformity of properties despite being sampled on different days, with different menus. Food waste had lower oxygen content, higher nitrogen and ash content, and higher energy content than wood. The food waste in this study had approximately 70% water content. Temperatures and emissions from combustion of wood pellets, dried pelletized food waste, and dried non-pelletized food waste were measured and compared using a modified residential pellet stove. Temperatures were higher for food waste due to the higher energy content. Emissions of NO, HC, and soot were slightly higher for food waste. Despite the large water content, thermodynamic analysis showed that regenerative dehydration, in which waste energy from the combustion system is used to remove water from the incoming wet fuel, is possible. An excess enthalpy ratio is defined to formalize the comparison of waste sensible enthalpy with the energy required for dehydration. Analysis of fuel-lean combustion and fuel-rich gasification shows that little, if any, external energy would necessarily be required to remove the water from the incoming fuel. An equilibrium model was used to simulate waste food gasification by extending the simulation to high water content levels. Probable ranges for successful food waste gasification are identified. Energy recovery of waste food could result in cost savings by offsetting traditional fuel-use (e.g. natural gas for heating) and by reducing disposal costs.
Social Work Practice With Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

This article provides a review of the empirical literature on social work practice with the family caregivers of frail older adults, focusing on the evidence in support of a variety of short- and l...
PCB assembly setup reduction using group technology

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present a practical method to reduce setups for PCB assembly machines by improving the assembly sequence. First, we introduce an integer programming (IP) formulation that gives the optimal sequences. However, this IP formulation demands too much computation. Next, we take a three-step approach. Grouping PCBs is the first step and we apply a new heuristic grouping method. Second step is ordering the groups and we treat this problem as a traveling salesman problem. Third step is the component assignment to the machine and a new algorithmic method is presented. This approach is shown to be efficient for large-size very industrial problems.
Modulation of soluble ovarian adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity during prepubertal development of the rat.

Studies were conducted to evaluate the ontogeny of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in the soluble fraction of rat ovaries obtained throughout prepubertal ovarian maturation (days 5–37). Protein kinase activity stimulated by cAMP and inhibited by the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor, designated cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, was already present in ovaries of 5-day-old rats. This kinase activity subsequently increased to reach maximal values between days 16 and 18, then plunged 4-fold to a nadir between days 21 and 23. cAMPdependent protein kinase activity began to rise again by day 24, increasing 5-fold to a maximum on day 27. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the basis for the 80% reduction of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the soluble extract of ovaries of 21- to 23-day-old rats. To determine whether the decrease in kinase activity was accompanied by a concomitant reduction of cAMP-binding activity, the ability of ovarian cytosol to bind [3H]cAMP was evaluated. Results showed ...
Lytic bacteriophages ofStreptococcus mutans

Three phages ofStreptococcus mutans were obtained and partially characterized. The three phages, designated M102, e10, and f1, were found to be strictly lytic, with host ranges restricted to only serotype c, e, and f strains of this species, respectively. Phage sensitivity was not correlated with the presence of plasmids, at least in host strains of serotypes c and e. Each phage produced clear plaques in a number of standard media, even in the presence of sucrose, indicating that the extracellular glucan polysaccharides (mutan) produced by the hosts from this substrate do not prevent phage adsorption and growth. The phages were similar in size and morphology, having icosahedral heads and long (283–287 nm), flexible, noncontractile tails. The genome of each phage was found to consist of linear, double-stranded DNA, 31–35 kb in length, with a base composition of 37–38% G+C. Restricting phage DNAs with four enzymes produced fragment patterns unique to each phage, but common bands between M102 and e10 and between e10 and f1 were produced byBamHI. Labeled e10 and M102 DNAs hybridized strongly with all three phage DNAs, indicating that they share some common sequences. The three phages appear to be more similar than expected and probably evolved from a common ancestor.
Molecular genotyping of human T-cell antigen receptor variable gene segments.

The gene complex encoding the β chain of the T-cell antigen receptor (Tcr) in man was previously reported to contain a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) involving a single Bgl II site adjacent to the second constant region gene. This RFLP allowed assignment of Tcr β genotypes in certain human families. In the present study, two different RFLP in a Vβ gene family were detected using the murine probe V8.1 in genomic DNA samples digested with the restriction endonucleases Hind III and Bam HI. Use of these RFLP to mark the Vβ gene complex allowed complete haplotype assignment in four of seven families studied and provided support for linkage of the V gene complex to the constant region genes. Different combinations of the C and two V region markers can result in eight possible distinct haplotypes. The observation of all but one of the eight possible haplotypes in parents of the families studied suggests that recombination events occur between the C and V region and among members of the V region subfamily marked by the V8.1 probe. These markers can be used for mapping studies of the Vβ gene complex in man and will allow an appraisal of possible associations between Tcr β genes and disease susceptibility.
Dimensional changes in dental stone and plaster.

THIS report presents a method of determining the dimensional changes in gypsum dental products, which avoids the disadvantages of previous methods and which provides extreme sensitivity. As part of the program of research on the gypsum products used in dentistry, a preliminary study was made of various physical properties. This study, which included strength, thermal expansion, setting expansion, and other related properties, soon made it apparent that very little was known about dimensional changes occurring in these products when they are subjected to the technics used in prosthetic dentistry. Inasmuch as the final accuracy of a restoration is controlled to a large extent by these changes in the investing materials, a program was set up to determine the dimensional changes which occur when plaster and stone are subjected to the conditions found in dental practice.
Optimal Consumption Policy under Uncertain Income

This paper considers the consumption behavior of a risk-averse consumer with a preference for immediate consumption who faces an uncertain income stream and plans for a finite or infinite number of periods. The consumer may borrow up to a limit or save, where both saving and borrowing are subject to the same positive rate of interest. We derive the optimal consumption policies for both finite and infinite planning horizons, investigate their characteristics, and analyze their economic and behavioral implications.