cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aircraft measurement of sea surface temperature during the West Coast Experiment

During the West Coast Experiment in March 1977, a test was conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of using remote sensing techniques to estimate sea surface temperature (SST) from infrared (IR) emissions of the sea surface. Aircraft flights were made over three buoys moored in southern California coastal waters, and data was collected of sea surface emissions at thermal IR wavelengths ( 7.95-13.5 \mu m). SST obtained from the remote sensing measurements were compared with in situ SST measured with thermistors mounted on the buoys. The remotely determined SST were from 1.4-2.9\deg C lower than the in situ measurements. Several factors are discussed that could account for the differences.
Process planning and machine sequence

Abstract Most Computer Assisted Process Planning [CAPP] is of either the variant or generative type. The variant type makes use of the existing process plans in developing process plans for new parts based on the geometric similarities. The generative type process planning develops process plans from scratch based on geometric features to be generated in machining. Several software packages are available for developing process plans for cylindrical parts and prismatic parts. Studies on the application of Artificial Intelligence [AI] techniques in developing Expert Systems to prepare process plans are emerging. It is important to have a basis for determining the machining operation sequence in process planning. This paper outlines a method of determining the machining operation sequence in process planning using the principles of graph theory considering factors such as dimensional and geometrical tolerances, surface finish, accuracy and cost.
Nontranscriptional Role of Hif-1α in Activation of γ-Secretase and Notch Signaling in Breast Cancer

γ-Secretase is composed of four proteins that are obligatory for protease activity: presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen-2. Despite the progress toward understanding the function of these individual subunits, there is no information available pertaining to the modulation of γ-secretase in response to environmental changes in cells. Here, we show that hypoxia upregulates γ-secretase activity through a direct interaction with Hif-1α, revealing an unconventional function for Hif-1α as an enzyme subunit, which is distinct from its canonical role as a transcription factor. Moreover, hypoxia-induced cell invasion and metastasis are alleviated by either γ-secretase inhibitors or a dominant-negative Notch coactivator, indicating that γ-secretase/Notch signaling plays an essential role in controlling these cellular processes. The present study reveals a mechanism in which γ-secretase can achieve temporal control through conditional interactions with regulatory proteins, such as Hif-1α, under select physiological and pathological conditions.
Percolation in high dimensions

Let pc(d) be the critical probability for percolation in Z . In this paper it is shown that limd→∞ 2d pc(d) = 1. The proof uses the properties of a random subgraph of an m-ary d-dimensional cube. If each edge in this cube is included with probability > 1 2d(1−3/m) , then for large d, the cube will have a connected component of size cm for some c > 0. This generalizes a result of Ajtai, Komlos and Szemeredi.
Conformational characteristics of poly(ethylene phthalate)s

The conformational characteristics, as embodied in the unperturbed mean-square end-to-end distances ( o ) and the characteristic ratios of the dimensions [C n = o /(n ] are calculated for the para, meta, and ortho isomers of poly(ethylene phthalate)s: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene isophthalate) (PEI), and poly(ethylene phthalate) (PEP), respectively. Although each of these isomeric and partially aromatic polyesters has identical permissible conformations available to their ethylene glycol fragments, their connections through the ester bonds to the phenyl rings are quite distinct. In addition, for the ortho isomer (PEP), the close spatial proximity of the ester groups bonded to the same phenyl ring results in an interdependence of their orientations with respect to each other and the phenyl ring to which they are attached, unlike the independent orientations of ester groups in the para and meta isomers (PET and PEI). Conformational energy calculations, dependent on the orientation of the ester groups in PEP, are used to characterize their rotational interdependence to modify the rotational isomeric state (RIS) conformational models for PET and PEI and thereby obtain an RIS model appropriate for PEP. This leads to calculated relative dimensions ( o ) of 1.0:0.70:0.37 PET:PEI:PEP and characteristic ratios [C n = o /(n )] of 4.13:4.67:2.49 PET:PEI:PEP. These results are discussed in an effort to obtain some understanding of the inherent static (or equilibrium) and dynamic flexibilities of the isomeric poly(ethylene phthalate)s.
Elevated water intake in rats treated chronically with amphetamine: drinking in excess of need?

Daily injection of amphetamine (4mg/kg) induces drinking in rats. The present experiments further investigate this new phenomenon, and suggest that the induced drinking is in excess of need. First, we show that rats may be induced to drink unpalatable 2.7% NaCl solution in addition to water after repeated amphetamine injection. Second, the induced drinking persists in the absence of food, occurs between two and six hours after the injection, and is composed of numerous small drafts. Third, desalivate rats also exhibit increased drinking, ruling out oral thirst after amphetamine. Fourth, body fluid loss, which is completely accounted for by increased urine output, can account for about 6 ml of drinking; however, many of the drinking responses are greatly in excess of 6 ml. Finally, the renin-angiotensin system does not seem to play a role in the induced drinking, since neither β-adrenergic nor angiotensin receptor blockers affect the amount drunk. We propose this may be a model paradigm of need-free drinking.
Essential Tyrosine Residues for Interaction of the Non-receptor Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B with N-cadherin

Expression of a dominant-negative, catalytically inactive form of the nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in L-cells constitutively expressing N-cadherin results in loss of N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. PTP1B interacts directly with the cytoplasmic domain of N-cadherin, and this association is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in PTP1B. The following three tyrosine residues in PTP1B are potential substrates for tyrosine kinases: Tyr-66, Tyr-152, and Tyr-153. To determine the tyrosine residue(s) that are crucial for the cadherin-PTP1B interaction we used site-directed mutagenesis to create catalytically inactive PTP1B constructs bearing additional single, double, or triple mutations in which tyrosine was substituted by phenylalanine. Mutation Y152F eliminates binding to N-cadherin in vitro, whereas mutations Y66F and Y153F do not. Overexpression of the catalytically inactive PTP1B with the Y152F mutation in L-cells constitutively expressing N-cadherin has no effect on N-cadherin-mediated adhesion, and immunoprecipitation reveals that the mutant Y152F PTP1B does not associate with N-cadherinin situ. Furthermore, among cells overexpressing the Y152F mutant endogenous PTP1B associates with N-cadherin and is tyrosine-phosphorylated.
Freedom, receptivity, and God

The practical question about God's relation to human freedom isthe issue between Nietzsche and Sartre, on the one hand, and Marcel,on the other. God is compatible with human freedom, for Marcel,because He is conceived as an absolute “Thou,” not an objectivecause, and because human freedom is essentially disposability, openand receptive to the other. God is relevant to human freedom becauseHe is more intimate to me than I am to myself, because He can re-veal to me possibilities about myself and the world which I can thenaccept or reject. If the other is essential for self-knowledge in thefinite sphere, then the absolute Other is essential for the deepestself-knowledge. Also God is essential as the ground of that hopewithout which creative fidelity would die.
The Status of Cytomegalovirus Vaccine

Live attenuated Towne strain cytomegalovirus vaccine was evaluated in healthy volunteers and renal transplant recipients. Immunization induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in both groups, although responses were of a higher magnitude in healthy volunteers. Immunization of candidates for renal transplantation with Towne vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of moderately severe and severe cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk recipients after transplantation. Reactivation of vaccine-strain virus was not detected. While the use of live attenuated Towne strain vaccine for prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infections in solid-organ transplant recipients and pregnant women deserves further consideration, efforts are also under way to develop a subunit cytomegalovirus vaccine.
Non-Destructive Thermal Barrier Coating Spallation Prediction by a Load-Based Micro-Indentation Technique

Currently, the durability and life cycle of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) applied to gas turbine blades and combustor components are limiting the maximum temperature and subsequent efficiency at which gas turbine engines operate. The development of new materials, coating technologies and evaluation techniques is required if enhanced efficiency is to be achieved. Of the current ceramic coating materials used in gas turbine engines, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is most prevalent, its low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient and outstanding mechanical strength make it ideal for use in TBC systems. However, residual stresses caused by coefficients of thermal expansion mismatches within the TBC system and unstable thermally grown oxides are considered the primary causes for its premature and erratic spallation failure. Through finite element simulations, it is shown that the residual stresses generated within the thermally grown oxide (TGO), bond coat (BC), YSZ and their interfaces create slight variations in indentation unloading surface stiffness response prior to spallation failure. In this research, seven air plasma sprayed and one electron beam physical vapor deposition yttria partially stabilized zirconia TBCs were subjected to isothermal and cyclic loadings at 1100°C. The associated coating degradation was evaluated using a non-destructive multiple partial unloading micro-indentationmore » procedure. The results show that the proposed non-destructive micro-indentation evaluation technique can be an effective and specimenindependent TBC failure prediction tool capable of determining the location of initial spallation failure prior to its actual occurrence.« less
Fatal Herpes Simplex Infection in a Pygmy African Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

An adult pygmy African hedgehog developed acute posterior paresis attributed to a prolapsed intervertebral disc diagnosed by C-T scan. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in prompt resolution of the ataxia, but 2 weeks later the animal became anorexic and died. Macroscopically, the liver was stippled with punctate off-white foci which were confirmed microscopically to be foci of necrosis. Numerous hepatocytes contained intranuclear inclusions and syncytial cell formation was also present. A herpes virus was isolated and identified by fluorescent antibody and polymerase chain reaction studies as herpesvirus simplex type 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of herpes infection in the African hedgehog and the first time herpes simplex has been identified as a cause of disease in insectivores.
Mixing of the giant magnetic dipole state with the 1+ state in 88Sr at 3.49 MeV

Abstract The ground state magnetic dipole transition width from the 1 + state in 88 Sr at 3.49 MeV is calculated using a reasonable wave function for the ground state and a wave function for the 1 + state calculated by diagonalizing one particle-one hole shell model 1 + states starting with a basis of reasonable dimensions. The calculated value of the width is 0.17 eV. The measured value is 0.15 ± 0.024 eV.
Gas disengagement technique in a slurry bubble column operated in the coalesced bubble regime

Abstract The gas disengagement technique is discussed in detail and is applied in a two-dimensional bubble column and slurry bubble column to obtain the bubble size distribution. Flow characteristics including velocities of each phase and dispersed phase size distribution during the gas disengagement process are obtained by using an advanced image analysis tool including a particle image velocimetry technique. It is shown that in the coalesced bubble regime, the bubble and flow characteristics during the gas disengagement process are complex, i.e., there are strong bubble–bubble interactions as well as interactions between the liquid flow and bubbles. Several different analogies of the disengagement processes assuming a bimodal bubble size distribution are discussed in terms of the behavior of large and small bubbles and their influence over one another. The small bubbles, which disengage within the fast bubble flow region, must be taken into account to evaluate the bimodal bubble size distribution. The applicability of the gas disengagement technique to obtain a multimodal bubble size distribution is also elaborated upon.
The smallest hard-to-color graph

Abstract For a given approximate vertex-coloring algorithm, a graph is said to be slightly hard to color if some implementation of the algorithm uses more colors than the minimum needed. Similarly, a graph is said to be hard to color if every implementation of the algorithm results in a non-optimal coloring. We study smallest such graphs for the sequential coloring algorithm. Our main result is that, for the largest-first algorithm, there is a unique smallest hard-to-color graph.
OP16 Hydrogen sulfide inhibits human platelet aggregation

Platelets are critically involved in both haemostasis and thrombosis and are a major therapeutic target in the treatment of thrombotic disorders such as myocardial infarction. Platelets are regulated by a range of positive and negative stimuli to ensure appropriate haemostasis and disturbance in the production and activity of these stimuli is the basis of platelet-driven thrombotic diseases. Negative regulators of platelets include nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin. Platelets have been shown to generate endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) although the role of H 2 S in regulating platelet function remains unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the role of H 2 S in regulating human platelet aggregation using Na 2 S and the slow-releasing H 2 S donor GYY4137. We also investigated the functional interaction between H 2 S and NO. Aggregation of isolated human platelets was assessed by conventional light transmission aggregometry. Both Na 2 S and GYY4137 caused a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of thrombin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. IC 50 values were calculated for both Na 2 S (thrombin, 0.36 mM; collagen, 0.23 mM) and GYY4137 (thrombin, 1.03 mM; collagen, 0.61 mM). GYY4137 also significantly enhanced NO-mediated inhibition of thrombin- and collagen-induced aggregation. Western blotting revealed that GYY4137 induced VASP-P239 phosphorylation. H 2 S therefore negatively regulates platelet function via mechanisms that remain undefined but which involve VASP-mediated inhibitory signalling. Our data also suggest that H 2 S may act cooperatively with NO to inhibit platelet aggregation. We are currently extending our work to investigate the mechanisms by which H 2 S inhibits platelet aggregation. H 2 S may therefore act as an endogenous regulator of platelet function with potential roles in the development of thrombotic diseases and as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of platelet-driven disorders.
College Crowd-in: How Private Donations Positively Affect Alumni Giving

The issue of donor behavior and crowding out has been pertinent in the economics literature, both theoretically and empirically. Aggregate research has not been decisive, nor have many studies analyzed education institutions. I begin with a theoretical model of crowding-out versus crowding-in donor behavior. I then employ a fixed effects econometric model to three samples—total universities, public universities, and private universities. By implementing a longer time period and larger sample than previously seen in the literature, I can examine the crowd-out versus crowd-in effect of nonalumni private donations on alumni donations in the 12-year period from 1995 to 2006. The results demonstrate a statistically significant crowding-in effect—the charitable behavior of parents, corporations, and foundations positively influences alumni donating behavior. The reason may be that these nonalumni private donations serve as a signal of increasing school quality.
Trastuzumab-Based Combinations in Metastatic Breast Cancer: How to Make a Choice

Abstract Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal anti—human epidermal growth factor receptor—2 (HER2) antibody that has proven efficacy as monotherapy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, has a favorable toxicity profile characterized by infrequent infusion reactions and a slightly increased incidence of cardiac dysfunction. Regimens that combine trastuzumab with a cytotoxic agent can increase the overall response rate and prolong survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab has been investigated in combination with anthracyclines, taxanes, platinum salts, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, capecitabine, and combinations of these agents. Combining trastuzumab with these agents enhances the toxicity of treatment and can especially enhance the risk of cardiotoxicity. This article summarizes data on trastuzumab-based combinations with particular attention to the risk benefit ratio of these therapies. HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization is discussed in the context of determining the optimalcourse of treatment for patients.
Laser-fused biologic vascular graft anastomoses.

Tissue fusion using laser energy is a promising new technology that may improve the healing of anastomoses. This study evaluated the feasibility of using argon laser energy to fuse vascular tissue and biologic vascular prostheses (St. Jude Medical, Inc.) in a canine arteriovenous (A-V) fistula model. Five animals had 4-cm length, 3-mm internal diameter grafts (n;eq 10) placed bilaterally as side-to-side A-V interpositions from the femoral artery to femoral vein. One A-V graft was placed using argon laser energy with the vessel edges aligned by 6-0 polypropylene traction sutures at 3 to 4 mm intervals. The contralateral graft was sutured using running 6-0 polypropylene suture. Anastomoses were successfully fashioned in all animals except for episodes of delayed bleeding at two laser-fused segments (15 min and 2 hrs) and one segment in a suture control (6 days). The implants were removed to evaluate the integrity and healing of the anastomoses at 2 hrs, 8 days, and at 7, 9, and 11 weeks. In all instances, t...
Serum Anticholinergic Activity in a Community-Based Sample of Older Adults: Relationship With Cognitive Performance

Background Serum anticholinergic activity (SAA), as measured by a radioreceptor assay, quantifies a person's overall anticholinergic burden caused by all drugs and their metabolites. In several small geriatric patient groups, SAA has been associated with cognitive impairment or frank delirium. To our knowledge, there has not yet been any systematic study of the prevalence of SAA and its effect on cognition in a community-based population. Methods Serum anticholinergic activity was measured in 201 subjects who were randomly selected among the participants in an epidemiological community study, based on their age and sex. Cognitive performance was assessed with use of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The association between SAA and cognitive performance was examined using a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and number of medications. Results Serum anticholinergic activity was detectable in 180 (89.6%) participants (range, 0.50-5.70 pmol/mL). Univariate testing showed a significant association between SAA and Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with SAA at or above the sample's 90th percentile (ie, SAA ≥2.80 pmol/mL) were 13 times (odds ratio, 1.08-152.39) more likely than subjects with undetectable SAA to have a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 24 (the sample's 10th percentile) or below. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis of SAA and the first to examine its extent and relationship with cognitive performance in a community sample. Its results suggest that SAA can be detected in most older persons in the community and confirm that even low SAA is associated with cognitive impairment.
Safe system level diagnosis

A new approach called safe system level diagnosis is proposed. With this approach, in the event of a small number of faults, all the faulty nodes can be identified; also, in the event of a large number of faults, the fault condition can be detected. Systems which achieve a specified level of safe diagnosis are characterized and a diagnosis algorithm for such systems is presented. Also, an application of safe diagnosis to adaptive diagnosis on arbitrary t-diagnosable graphs is discussed. >
The Construction of Smooth Parseval Frames of Shearlets

The shearlet representation has gained increasing recognition in recent years as a frame- work for the efficient representation of multidimensional data. This representation consists of a countable collection of functions defined at various locations, scales and orientations, where the orientations are obtained through the use of shearing matrices. While shearing matrices offer the advantage of preserving the integer lattice and being more appropriate than rotations for digital implementations, the drawback is that the action of the shearing matrices is restricted to cone- shaped regions in the frequency domain. Hence, in the standard construction, a Parseval frame of shearlets is obtained by combining different systems of cone-based shearlets which are projected onto certain subspaces of L 2 (R D ) with the consequence that the elements of the shearlet system corresponding to the boundary of the cone regions lose their good spatial localization property. In this paper, we present a new construction yielding smooth Parseval frame of shearlets for L 2 (R D ). Specifically, all elements of the shearlet systems obtained from this construction are compactly supported and C ∞ in the frequency domain, hence ensuring that the system has also excellent
FINNED-TUBE CONDENSER DESIGN OPTIMIZATION USING THERMOECONOMIC ISOLATION

Abstract Using a detailed system model as a comparison, this study shows that isolating the condenser component and optimizing it independently by minimizing the entropy generation in the condenser component alone, also known as thermoeconomic isolation, can be a practical way to design the condenser for optimum air-conditioning system efficiency. This study is accomplished by comparing the optimum design determined by maximizing the entire system’s COP, an undisputed method, with the optimum design determined by minimizing the entropy generation in the isolated condenser component, with consistent constraints used for the two methods. The choice of component junction constraints used in the isolated model is critical and discussed in detail. The resulting optimum designs from the isolated model produced a COP within 0.6%–1.7% of the designs found by optimizing the COP using an entire system model. Additionally, a 65% reduction in computation time was achieved.
An extended technicolor model.

An extended technicolor model is constructed. Quark and lepton masses, spontaneous [ital CP] violation, and precision electroweak measurements are discussed. Dynamical symmetry breaking is analyzed using the concept of the big MAC (most attractive channel).
Gender Analysis of Politics, Economics and Culture of Korean Reunification: Toward a Feminist Theological Foundation for Reunified Society

of the Dissertation Gender Analysis of Politics, Economics and Culture of Korean Reunification: Toward a Feminist Theological Foundation for Reunified Society
Microscopic correlation of radiographically disparate appearing well differentiated osteosarcoma

Well differentiated (low grade) osteosarcomas are often unrecognized and inadequately treated. We report on a patient with a well differentiated osteosarcoma of the tibia that radiographically presented with two strikingly dissimilar appearing juxtaposed lesions. Proximally, the lesion was sclerotic, and distally, osteolytic. The distal lytic half of the lesion showed focal cortical disruption on MR imaging. Microscopic correlation of the resected specimen suggested that the sclerotic component of the lesion had more fibrous dysplasia-like tissue with fewer features of well differentiated osteosarcoma, and the lytic component, features suggestive of well differentiated osteosarcoma. We believe this microscopic interpretation explains the disparate radiographic appearance as all belonging to well differentiated osteosarcoma with varying amounts of fibrous dysplasia-like tissue rather than the development of well differentiated osteosarcoma in fibrous dysplasia.
Girls and guys, ghetto and bougie: Metapragmatics, ideology and the management of social identities1

This case study explores the metapragmatic awareness of a young, academically successful, African American, female speaker. It describes some of the identities and orientations that the speaker performs through language and the perceived role of linguistic style in such performances. This study suggests that these linguistic performances are a complex negotiation of ethnicity, gender and class that both draw from and resist the macrosocial indexing of social categories. Further, the understood role of language in the social negotiations of the speaker serves as an illustration of the relationship among metapragmatics, ideology and identity and also highlights the dynamism of identity management as individuals position themselves in allegiance with, or opposition to, various groups that populate their social landscape.
Metabolic networks in epilepsy by MR spectroscopic imaging

Objective The concept of an epileptic network has long been suggested from both animal and human studies of epilepsy. Based on the common observation that the MR spectroscopic imaging measure of NAA/Cr is sensitive to neuronal function and injury, we use this parameter to assess for the presence of a metabolic network in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients. Materials and methods A multivariate factor analysis is performed with controls and MTLE patients, using NAA/Cr measures from 12 loci: the bilateral hippocampi, thalami, basal ganglia, and insula. The factor analysis determines which and to what extent these loci are metabolically covarying. Results We extract two independent factors that explain the data's variability in control and MTLE patients. In controls, these factors characterize a ‘thalamic’ and ‘dominant subcortical’ function. The MTLE patients also exhibit a ‘thalamic’ factor, in addition to a second factor involving the ipsilateral insula and bilateral basal ganglia. Conclusions These data suggest that MTLE patients demonstrate a metabolic network that involves the thalami, also seen in controls. The MTLE patients also display a second set of metabolically covarying regions that may be a manifestation of the epileptic network that characterizes limbic seizure propagation.
A speed-up and speed-down strategy for swarm optimization

In this paper, inspired by speed-up and speed-down (SUSD) mechanism observed by the fish swarm avoiding light, an SUSD strategy is proposed to develop new swarm intelligence based optimization algorithms to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of swarm optimization algorithms. By comparing with the global best solution, each particle adaptively speeds up and speeds down towards the best solution. Specifically, a new directed speed term is added to the original particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm or other PSO variations. Due to the SUSD mechanism, the algorithm shows a great improvement of the accuracy and convergence rate compared with the original PSO and other PSO variations. The numerical evaluation is provided by solving recent benchmark functions in IEEE CEC 2013.
Periurethral Carcinosarcoma: A Report of 2 Cases With a Review of the Literature

Carcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors that can arise in various sites of the body, especially the genitourinary system. In this system, the most common location for the tumor is the uterus in the female and the urinary bladder in the male. To our knowledge, only 2 cases with a periurethral location for this tumor have been previously described in the English literature. We describe 2 additional cases in this location, one in either sex, with a review of the relevant literature.
Hemiplegic atrophy: electrophysiological and morphological studies.

A patient with hemiplegic atrophy following stroke is described. Electrophysiological studies confirmed the absence of root or peripheral nerve involvement. Findings of severe muscle membrane dysfunction and the morphological evidence of lower motor neuron pathology point to a central nervous system process as the origin of the observed changes.
Smallest regular graphs without near 1-factors

Determination de l'ordre d'un plus petit graphe regulier sans quasi 1-facteur. Cas d'un plus petit graphe cubique connexe a six ponts sans aucun quasi 1-facteur
Molecular Pathology of Mature B-Cell and T-Cell Lymphomas

Over the last two decades, molecular genetic testing has assumed a prominent role in the diagnosis, classification, and clinical management of lymphoma [1]. In some lymphoid and more so in myeloid tumors, a specific genetic abnormality may be the defining feature. More often genetic abnormalities are characteristic of one type of disease but may be present in other tumors and contribute to their pathogenesis. In addition to the standard assays for receptor gene rearrangements and specific genetic lesions (particularly translocations) used in clinical practice, sophisticated assays such as expression microarray, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), microRNA analysis, and epigenetic testing are more readily available; data derived from these complex analyses are continuously being translated into clinically pertinent information regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy for lymphoma. This chapter will focus on the molecular pathogenesis of lymphoma and discuss current clinical molecular diagnostic testing and its limitations and emphasize interpretation of molecular results in the context of clinical features, morphology, or other studies.
Experimental Study of Reynolds Number and Gust Influence on Transient Force and Flow Generated by a Robotic Hummingbird

A two-degree-of-freedom, up-scaled, robotic hummingbird model with rigid wings was used to simulate the hovering, flapping kinematics of a hummingbird to understand the flow structure around the wing and the underlying mechanism for dynamic force generation. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) method was applied to visualize the flow field at the mid-section of the wing over a range of Reynolds numbers (850 < Re < 13,000). It was observed that in the major duration of the stroke the leading edge vortex (LEV) was kept attached to the wing’s suction side over the entire range of Reynolds numbers. It was also found that the rapid change of angle of attack at the beginning of each half stroke generated shedding of LEV. Time history of the lift and drag forces were measured to relate the dynamic response with the flow field development. The magnitudes of lift and drag forces increased with Reynolds number, however, the overall lift coefficient decreased for Re < 6,000. Beyond this limitation, influence of Reynolds number on the mean lift coefficients was indiscernible. Additionally, it was verified that the effects of horizontal gust on both flow field and dynamic forces were equivalent to that of effective Reynolds numbers, e.g., the effect of the head-on gust during the down-stroke increased the lift and drag forces, similar to the influence of increased Reynolds number.
Quick Guide to Endocrinology

Written by William E. Winter, MD, DABCC, FCAP, FACB, Lindsay A. L. Bazydlo, PhD, DABCC, and Neil S. Harris, MD, DABCC, FACP, FACB 189 pages. Washington, DC: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press, 2013. $28 (non-members), $25 (members). ISBN-13: 9781594251573 The Quick Guide to Endocrinology , a new entry in the Quick Guide series published by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), tackles the task of rendering a complex subject understandable and approachable in a fraction of the space that standard endocrinology textbooks require. In this endeavor, Dr Winter and his coauthors have largely succeeded. The Quick Guide begins with a brief introduction to hormones, providing context for the ensuing chapters focused on …
Viral Infections and Febrile Seizures

The incidence of febrile seizures (FS) in a cohort of children, ages 3 months to 5 years, living in a Netherlands province was compared with the incidence of common viral infections reported to a national registry and the results reported from the Department of Medical Microbiology, Public Health Laboratory Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Impact of maternal deprivation on brain corticotropin-releasing hormone circuits: prevention of CRH receptor-2 mRNA changes by desipramine treatment.

Impact of Maternal Deprivation on Brain Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Circuits: Prevention of CRH Receptor-2 mRNA Changes by Desipramine Treatment
ANTITHYMOCYTE GLOBULIN INDUCTION THERAPY IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED CORONARY PLAQUE PROGRESSION

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is widely used as induction therapy after cardiac transplantation (OHT) for reducing the incidence of rejection and renal injury post transplant. The relationship between ATG induction and coronary plaque progression after OHT is not known. Between March 2010 and
Microstructural Study of Laser Formed Ti-6Al-4V

A microstructural evaluation of as-deposited LasformedSM Ti-6Al-4V, a Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) process, is the subject of the current work. Distinct features of the macrostructure include: large columnar prior-β grains (the initial solid to form upon cooling from the melt) have grown through multiple deposited layers due to epitaxial growth from previously solidified layers; a well defined heat affected zone; the presence of “layer bands,” which are speculated to be a result of macrosegregation in the solidifying melt puddle and/or the complex thermal history that the part received as it was built, layer by layer. The microstructure of the layer band consists of larger colonies of acicular α outlined in transformed β, whereas the adjacent material consists of smaller colonies having the same type of structure.
Phonons and Thermal Conductivity in Skutterudite Thermoelectrics

We study Raman phonon vibrations and relate them to thermal conductivity for empty and filled skutterudites designed for thermoelectric applications, where low thermal conduction is critical. Polarized Raman scattering spectra of crystallite and polycrystalline samples are compared with theoretical predictions and analyzed in comparison to the thermal conduction properties. Our emphasis is on the CoSb3 skutterudite and its filled derivatives, including materials with Ge, Sn, and La in the cages. We observe a strong correlation between aspects of the Raman spectrum and low thermal conductivity. This presents Raman spectroscopy as a characteristic screening tool for potential thermoelectrics and is a crucial step toward predicting lattice thermal conductivities.
Current Treatment and Drug Research of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective To understand the current treatment and drug use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods 152 patients diagnosed with COPD were randomly selected as the subjects and they were analyzed retrospectively, and the medication of the patients was observed(the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the medication of them was observed, the drug use was counted including the name of drug, route of administration, drug dosage, dosing frequency, course of treatment and so on. Statistical treatment: the measurement data were presented as χ2 ±S, the enumeration data were indicated by example(n), and the clinical data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software). Results The patients mainly used bronchodilators and glucocorticoids. 86.2%(131/152) of the patients used bronchodilators, 80.9%(123/152) of the patients used glucocorticoids. Most of the patients used combination of two or more kinds of antiasthmatic drugs, accounting for 73.7%(112/152). 150 of the 152 patients used antibacterials, the use rate was 98.7%, patients who used combination of two or more kinds of antibacterials accounted for54.7%(82/150). By comprehensive analysis of the rationality of drug use, of the 152 patients, 80.3%(122/152) of the patients used drugs reasonably, while 19.7%(30/152) did not. The reasons of irrational use of drugs: unreasonable drug selection accounted for27.3%(9/30), improper dosage and course of treatment accounted for 33.3%(11/33), irrational combination of drugs accounted for30.3%(10/33). Conclusion The use and utilization of drugs for the treatment of COPD is basically reasonable, but there is irrational use of some drugs.
Impacts for medicine of global monitoring.

In his 1998 Turing Award speech, Jim Gray described a number of research goals including those of building what he referred to as a Personal Memex and a World Memex. The Personal Memex is a system for recording everything one saw, heard, or read, while the World Memex is a system to contain all professionally produced information. In this paper we discuss the consequences to medicine of an additional type of monitoring, that of movement and position via GPS devices. The paper argues that such devices will be incorporated into hand-helds, telephones, and wristwatches, and that a World Memex will (with appropriate permissions) monitor and record all personal movement. The motivation for such a development is the many uses to which the system can be put. The paper restricts itself to discussing those uses that apply to physical safety and medical research studies. Examples relating to safety include the detection of, and notification of emergency authorities about, accidents involving unusual motion, such as occur e.g. in car accidents or when people fall off ladders. Examples of medical research studies include those that involve the effects of exercise, or exposure to different environmental conditions. Precise quantitative statistics can be gathered, providing answers to such questions as what the optimum amounts of exercise are for various health-related conditions. The paper discusses these among other such applications.
Galanin release during pancreatic nerve stimulation is sufficient to influence islet function

To determine if galanin is released during pancreatic neural activation, we measured galanin-like immunoreactivity (GLIR) in pancreatic venous and peripheral arterial plasma during 10 min of electrical stimulation of the mixed autonomic pancreatic nerves in halothane-anesthetized dogs, using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. During mixed pancreatic nerve stimulation (MPNS), pancreatic venous GLIR increased by 174 +/- 20 fmol/ml, whereas arterial GLIR did not change. By use of the arteriovenous concentration difference and measurements of pancreatic venous blood flow, pancreatic spillover of GLIR was calculated and found to increase by 640 +/- 90 fmol/min during MPNS. This MPNS inhibited the output of immunoreactive insulin (IRI; delta = -53 +/- 9%) and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI, delta = -49 +/- 13%) and stimulated that of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG, delta = +600 +/- 200%). To determine if the amount of GLIR released during MPNS was sufficient to elicit these changes of pancreatic hormone secretion, we compared the effect of MPNS on IRI, SLI, and IRG output with the effect of synthetic galanin infused directly into the pancreatic artery at a rate that reproduced the MPNS-induced spillover of GLIR. Exogenous infusion of synthetic galanin (2.7 pmol/min) increased pancreatic venous levels of GLIR by 169 +/- 38 fmol/ml, did not change arterial GLIR levels, and thus increased calculated spillover (appearance) by 550 +/- 160 fmol/min, which was nearly identical to the increment produced by MPNS. This matched infusion of galanin inhibited IRI (delta = -58 +/- 3%) and SLI output (delta = -35 +/- 3%) and modestly stimulated IRG output (delta = +62 +/- 10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Does moderate hypothermia really carry less bleeding risk than deep hypothermia for circulatory arrest? A propensity-matched comparison in hemiarch replacement

Abstract Background Moderate (MHCA) versus deep (DHCA) hypothermia for circulatory arrest in aortic arch surgery has been purported to reduce coagulopathy and bleeding complications, although there are limited data supporting this claim. This study aimed to compare bleeding-related events after aortic hemiarch replacement with MHCA versus DHCA. Methods Patients who underwent hemiarch replacement at a single institution from July 2005 to August 2014 were stratified into DHCA and MHCA groups (minimum systemic temperature ≤20°C and >20°C, respectively) and compared. Then, 1:1 propensity matching was performed to adjust for baseline differences. Results During the study period, 571 patients underwent hemiarch replacement: 401 (70.2%) with DHCA and 170 (29.8%) with MHCA. After propensity matching, 155 patients remained in each group. There were no significant differences between matched groups with regard to the proportion transfused with red blood cells, plasma, platelet concentrates, or cryoprecipitate on the operative day, the rate of reoperation for bleeding, or postoperative hematologic laboratory values. Among patients who received plasma, the median transfusion volume was statistically greater in the DHCA group (6 vs 5 units, P = .01). MHCA also resulted in a slight reduction in median volume of blood returned via cell saver (500 vs 472 mL, P P Conclusions MHCA compared with DHCA during hermiarch replacement may slightly reduce perioperative blood-loss and plasma transfusion requirement, although these differences do not translate into reduced reoperation for bleeding or postoperative mortality and morbidity.
Parallel Two-Dimensional Unstructured Anisotropic Delaunay Mesh Generation of Complex Domains for Aerospace Applications

In this paper, we present a bottom-up approach to parallel anisotropic mesh generation by building a mesh generator from principles. Applications focusing on high-lift design or dynamic stall, or numerical methods and modeling test cases still focus on the two-dimensions. Our push-button parallel mesh generation approach can generate high-fidelity unstructured meshes with anisotropic boundary layers for use in the computational fluid dynamics field. The anisotropy requirement adds a level of complexity to a parallel meshing algorithm by making computation depend on the local alignment of elements, which in turn is dictated by geometric boundaries and the density functions. Our experimental results show 70% parallel efficiency over the fastest sequential isotropic mesh generator on 256 distributed memory nodes.
Cytokine Exposure Changes the Hierarchy of Molecular Pathway Usage in Bone Marrow Homing.

Abstract Efficient bone marrow (BM) homing is a prerequisite for successful engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Contradictory conclusions about the dependence of homing on SDF-1/CXCR4 have clouded our understanding of its participation in homing and cooperation with other defined molecular pathways. Based on the principle that homing is the coordinated outcome of several pathways, we sought to unravel cooperative and compensatory molecular mechanisms guiding BM homing of BM-HPC. BM homing of fresh BM-HPC does not require SDF-1/CXCR4 or other Gi-protein signals, since fresh BM-HPC rendered either SDF-1 unresponsive (by AMD3100, evaluated 3h after transplantation) or Gi-signaling refractory (by Pertussis toxin (PTX), evaluated 18h after transplantation) homed similarly to untreated control BM-HPC (0.56±0.03% vs. 0.60±0.01% of injected CFU-C recovered per femur (−/+AMD3100 @3h); 0.89±0.08% vs. 0.80±0.07% (−/+PTX @18h)). This was likely due to compensation by α4-integrin interacting with VCAM-1: a contribution of SDF-1/CXCR4- or Gi-protein-mediated signals to BM homing became apparent when inhibition was exerted on α4−/− HPC, significantly augmenting the intrinsic homing defect of α4−/− HPC (0.31±0.02% vs. 0.11±0.03% (−/+AMD3100 @3h); 0.52±0.08% vs. 0.02±0.01% (−/+PTX @18h) (p
Discriminant Function Analysis of Clinical Laboratory Data Use in Alcohol Research

There has been a growing interest in the use of discriminant function analysis of routinely collected laboratory data to differentiate between alcoholic and nonalcoholic individuals. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the validity and reliability of this form of analysis regarding the diagnosis of, or screening for, alcoholism. In addition, this technique may provide important information concerning the multivariate nature of the pathophysiological effects of alcohol. However, this issue is seldom discussed. Because of differences in methodology across studies and the growing confusion regarding conceptual issues associated with this statistical technique, there have been few critical reviews. This chapter is directed at critically evaluating the current literature, particularly with respect to the methodological and conceptual issues associated with the use of discriminant function analysis in alcohol research. As part of this approach we suggest guidelines for future research in this area.
Editorial: Aspiration Therapy for Weight Loss: Is the Squeeze worth the Juice?

Abstract:There is a desperate need for a technically simple, reversible, clinically effective, and safe approach to facilitate weight loss and improvement in metabolic comorbidities in obese patients. This has led to significant investment into the development of endoscopic bariatric therapies. In t
Observation of photonic topological valley transport

We present the experimental realization of valley Hall topological edge states in armchair and bearded edge domain walls of inversion symmetry broken honeycomb lattices.
Conclusion: Envelopes of Fear—The Temporality of Japanese Horror

Brown resituates the study’s findings in relation to questions of timing and temporality that are evoked by J-horror’s cinema of sensations. Taking into consideration the issue of timing understood not only as the duration of individual images and the durational relationships between and among images but also in terms of the concept of temporal envelopes with individual stages of attack, decay, sustain, and release, Brown reconceives how the slow attack and long release times of J-horror’s slow-burn style impact the affective dynamics of horror spectatorship.
The informal caregiver's lived experience of being present with a patient who receives a diagnosis of dementia: A phenomenological inquiry.

This article describes the lived experience of informal caregivers who accompany loved ones as the loved ones receive a diagnosis of dementia. Each of 12 informal caregivers participated in a face-...
An exploratory study examining undergraduate geology students’ conceptions related to geologic time and rates

Past research has evaluated how preservice teachers, high school students, and introductory college students conceptualize geologic or deep time. The ability to think on geologic timescales is rega...
Nonlinear measurement error analysis for system monitoring

48 Introduction 49 Estimability 51 Estimation Problem 54 Testing For System Anomaly 63 Simulation Study 64 Bibliography 67 Appendix 69 4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 107