cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FEEDBACK CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SENSITIVITY-BASED DAMAGE LOCALIZATION

A method is developed for locating structural damage using only measured natural frequency changes induced by damage. The damage localization method exploits multiple sensitivity enhancing controllers, each of which provides an independent set of modal frequency information that is used to identify damage variables based on a least-squares technique. The method provides significant improvement in damage localization and ability to tolerate measurement noise on natural frequency shifts due to damage over similar localization methods that use only open-loop modal data. A first order sensitivity matrix relates natural frequency changes in both the open- and closed-loop systems to damage variables and is evaluated from an analytic model. Single- and multi-input control laws are designed to enhance the change in natural frequencies due to damage. Multi-input control laws are designed using a minimum-gain eigenstructure assignment method in order to maintain a well-conditioned sensitivity matrix and generate independent modal data, while also minimizing the number of actuators required. This study found that the resolution of measured natural frequency changes due to damage can be significantly improved by careful selection of damage-sensitive closed-loop poles targeted by the eigenstructure assignment method. As a result, measured closed-loop natural frequency changes due to damage exhibit better signal-to-noise ratios than open-loop frequency changes. The method is demonstrated numerically using a cantilevered beam to show how multiple sensitivity enhancing controllers can locate damage and assess damage extent in the presence of measurement noise on natural frequencies.
Mechanism of the diastolic dysfunction induced by glycolytic inhibition : does adenosine triphosphate derived from glycolysis play a favored role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in ferret myocardium ?

Several lines of evidence indicate that glycolysis is especially important for normal diastolic relaxation and for the maintenance of cellular ion homeostasis in myocardium. To elucidate whether the glycolytic flux of ATP contributes to diastolic tone and to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+, myocardial content of sugar phosphates ([SP]) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in isolated, perfused ferret hearts using nuclear magnetic resonance. Glucose and acetate were used as substrates for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. Glycogen was effectively depleted after 15-min perfusion with glucagon (2 mg/liter), as verified by the lack of rise in [SP] during exposure to iodoacetate (100 microM) in substrate-free perfusate. Despite the fact that glycolytic flux had been blocked both by iodoacetate and by absence of substrate, end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (EDP) remained unchanged (P > 0.15, n = 6). The subsequent addition of glucose to the perfusate led to SP accumulation and a marked rise in EDP, with a significant correlation between EDP and [SP] (r = 0.86 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01, n = 6). A similar correlation was observed when glucose in the perfusate was replaced by 2-deoxyglucose (r = 0.78 +/- 0.09, P < 0.01, n = 3). Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of [Ca2+]i verified that EDP faithfully reports changes in diastolic [Ca2+]i under the present experimental conditions. Thus, intracellular Ca2+ overload is caused by the accumulation of SP rather than by the inhibition of glycolysis per se. Glycolysis may appear to be important because its by-products are deleterious, and not necessarily because glycolytically derived ATP plays a favored role in ion homeostasis.
Genetic characterization of a mutation that enhances paraquat tolerance in the fern Ceratopteris richardii

Three nuclear mutations that affect tolerance to the herbicide paraquat have been selected in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Two of the mutations, pq2 and pq45 are allelic and confer low and moderate tolerance, respectively. A third mutation, pqa6, is not linked to the other two and significantly enhances the level of tolerance when in combination with either pq2 or pq45. The pqa6 mutation does not independently confer tolerance in the absence of the other mutations.
Enumerating stationary multiple-points

Given a map f: X -+ Y, an r-fold point off is a point xi of X such that there exist points x2, . . . . x, of X which all have the same image underf: We say that an r-fold point is strict if x, , . . . . x, are all distinct points of X and stationary if some of the xi have coalesced to lie “infinitely near.” The infinitely near points determine tangent directions along the Iibref-‘f(x,), in the sense that they constitute ramification points of f: This paper enlarges on the work of [9] to develop, under appropriate hypotheses, enumerative formulas for loci of arbitrary stationary r-fold points in terms of invariants of the map$ Multiple-point theory has a long and rich history. We may trace work back to Clebsch (1864), who gave a formula for the number of nodes of a plane curve, in terms of the degree and genus of the curve. Perhaps the most famous example of a stationary multiple-point result is the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. Let f: X + Y be a finite, separable, surjective map between smooth projective curves. The Riemann-Hurwitz theorem gives a formula for deg R, where R is the ramification divisor of J: It may be easily seen that deg R is simply a weighted number of stationary doublepoints off: Modern multiple-point theory is concerned with developing formulas for general classes of maps. The subject has been of considerable interest in differential geometry and topology as well as in algebraic geometry. Surveys of the work in these fields can be found in [lo], [9, Introduction], or [8, Chap. V, pp. 365-3911. In algebraic geometry, multiple-point theory has presently culiminated in two basic approaches: the Hilbert scheme (see [lo] for a survey) and the method of iteration. We shall only be concerned with the latter technique in the body of this work. Both approaches share a 149 OOOl-8708/87 $7.50
Production of hydrogen peroxide in Martian and lunar soils

Freshly ground basaltic minerals produce sufficient quantities of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when immersed in solution to explain the oxidizing characteristics of Martian soil samples collected by the Viking landers. H2O2 production occurs as a result of reactions between water and defects at the surface of mechanically pulverized minerals, analogous to carcinogenic quartz dusts. Our results also indicate that dehydroxylation of mineral surfaces results in increased H2O2 production, a highly relevant finding for dusts on the airless surface of the Moon. Reactive, pulverized minerals are important on planetary bodies where impact processes have generated fine-grained basaltic dusts, and may pose a significant health risk to astronauts visiting planetary surfaces where impacts have generated such materials.
Comparing digital-light-processing (DLP) and liquid-crystal-display(LCD) projection technologies for high-quality 3D shape measurement

This paper presents a thorough comparison between the digital-light-processing (DLP) technology and liquid-crystaldisplay (LCD) projection technology on high-quality 3D shape measurement. Specifically, each individual color channel and the combination of three channels together are studied with the focused sinusoidal pattern (FSP) method and defocused binary pattern (DBP) method. Experimental data indicated that for slow speed measurements, because of its higher contrast, DLP has the advantage for the DBP, or when the precision synchronization is presented for FSP method. Since LCD does not have rigorous timing requirements, it provides more flexibility for system development for FSP method.
Surface roughness modeling for CB-CPWs

This paper proposes a method to simulate the effects of conductor surface roughness on conductor backed coplanar waveguides (CB-CPWs) using 3D full wave simulation tools. The varying heights for the random rough surface with specified autocorrelation function (ACF), root mean square height (h) and correlation length (l) are generated using MATLAB and this data is used by High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to model and simulate the CB-CPWs with rough conductor surfaces. The results show that both h and l influence overall the attenuation coefficient of the device and are consistent with the results of other studies in this area. Thus this method provides the designers with a technique to characterize the effect of conductor surface roughness for different types of transmission lines with varying substrates and extent of conductor roughness.
A cross-sectional examination of hotel consumer experience and relative effects on consumer values

Abstract One key aspect of the competitive service sector environment is the effort of many businesses to differentiate themselves by creating unique customer experiences that accompany their products and services. The challenge of creating memorable consumer experiences is the proper identification of specific characteristics that influence experiences and gaining a better understanding of how these affect consumers’ perceived value. To this end, this study attempted to develop a model that identifies influencing dimensions of consumer experiences and investigates the composition of consumer experiences and the relative outcome on consumers’ perceived value in a hospitality setting. To initiate this study, an intercept survey approach was taken. The results revealed that both the physical environment and the human interactions have a significant and positive relationship with perceived value. These results can give lodging managers a better understanding of the composition of consumer experiences and how these events influence perceived value.
Farmer's lung following inhalation of Aspergillus flavus growing in mouldy corn

Summary After a latent period of 3 weeks following an intense inhalational exposure to mouldy corn, a farmer developed pneumonilis apparently of a hypersensilivity pneumonitis type. This illness was associated with serum precipitating antibodies against antigens in the mouldy corn and against antigens of Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus. The former organism was cultured from the mouldy corn and precipilin bands of identity between an extract of mouldy corn and aspergitlus antigen were demonstrated using the patient's serum. Organizing bronchiolilis oblilerans was found in pulmonary tissue after death occurred, the latter presumably due to pulmonary embolism. This case is believed to represent the occurrence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis following massive inhalation of the spores of the genus A. flavus possibly with transient respiratory infection with these organisms but without systemic invasion of the host.
Factors associated with early menopause

Abstract Objective: An understanding of why certain factors contribute to a more rapid decline in ovarian function may, for some women, help prevent premature loss of fecundity and the subsequent impact of health problems secondary to long-term estrogen deficiency such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: A summary of the evidence regarding factors that have been proposed to contribute to an early onset of natural menopause is presented. These factors include cigarette smoking, race, education, parity, menstrual cycle length, the use of oral contraceptives, age at menarche, major depression, anthropometry, and handedness. Results: Cigarette smoking has been found to hasten the onset of menopause by as much as one year. Lifetime number of ovulatory cycles (indicative of oocyte depletion) is also predictive of the age at natural menopause (ANP). This is consistent with the many studies that have reported early ANP among women with shorter menstrual cycles, and a later ANP among multigravid women or those who used oral contraceptives. The relationship between depressive disorder and ovarian failure is complex, involving consideration of the pharmacological effects of treatment, and is currently unclear. The findings regarding an effect of body mass index on ANP are also mixed. At this time, there is little persuasive evidence that handedness or demographic characteristics (independent of their relationship with behavioral factors like smoking) influence the ANP to any substantial degree. Conclusions: Some factors that could potentially influence ANP have been identified, but these and other avenues of investigation warrant further study.
Airborne weapons accuracy: Topologists and the applied mathematics panel

Whitney cannot have swayed a panel with purely technical arguments. His attention to detail in his report, his diary, and the descriptions by others of his involvement give a picture of a committed contributor to the war effort, someone willing to do what was necessary to make, in this case, improvements in weapon systems and bring the war to a close. Other work on sights was also successful. Warren Weaver reported in his autobiography that French fliers were particularly happy with a sight for submarine bombing that was a product of analysis and development by OSRD. In this study, we get a sense of the kind of activities that American mathematicians engaged in during World War II, both mathematical and social. Whitney presents an interesting case study of personal depth in pursuit of goals. This was probably typical. The work of the AMG-C was recognized for its contributions, receiving the Naval Ordnance Development Award “for distinguished service to the research and development of Naval Ordnance” [3].
A rapid method for clearing diatoms for taxonomic and ecological studies

Abstract A new method utilizing a muffle furnace at 560 ± 10 C for 15 to 20 minutes to clear diatoms for taxonomic study is presented. This technique allows for exceptionally well cleared frustules for all the diatoms studied. It also allows phytosociological studies to be made of the colonization and succession of the diatoms on the exposed slides or coverslips from various aquatic habitats.
Second harmonic generation imaging microscopy with a high-power ultrafast fiber laser

Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging microscopy is an important emerging technique for biological research, with many advantages over existing one- or two-photon fluorescence techniques. SHG is of growing interest to those in the biomedical community studying structural proteins such as collagen and to those in neuroscience using voltage-sensitive dyes. An important consideration in the application of non-linear phenomena such as SHG to routine microscopy is the complexity of the laser source used for excitation. Almost all applications in ultrafast microscopy currently employ mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers, and though these systems have improved considerably in recent years, they are still expensive, large and complicated for those with skills outside of ultrafast optics. Here we report on SHG microscopy using a high power femtosecond fiber laser. The Femtopower1060 from Fianium Ltd. is an ultrafast fiber laser operating at 1064nm. With a passively mode-locked master source, a high power fiber amplifier and a built-in pulse compressor, the laser produces high quality pulses shorter than 200fs with a repetition rate of 100MHz and an average power of 1W. The unit is turn-key, air-cooled and maintenance free with a small footprint and proves to be an excellent source for SHG and two-photon microscopy at this wavelength outside the range of most Ti:sapphire systems and without those systems' complexity.
Is Weak Emergence Just in the Mind

Weak emergence is the view that a system's macro properties can be explained by its micro properties but only in an especially complicated way. This paper explains a version of weak emergence based on the notion of explanatory incompressibility and "crawling the causal web." Then it examines three reasons why weak emergence might be thought to be just in the mind. The first reason is based on contrasting mere epistemological emergence with a form of ontological emergence that involves irreducible downward causation. The second reason is based on the idea that attributions of emergence are always a reflection of our ignorance of non-emergent explanations. The third reason is based on the charge that complex explanations are anthropocentric. Rather than being just in the mind, weak emergence is seen to involve a distinctive kind of complex, macro-pattern in the mind-independent objective micro-causal structure that exists in nature. The paper ends by addressing two further questions. One concerns whether weak emergence applies only or mainly to computer simulations and computational systems. The other concerns the respect in which weak emergence is dynamic rather than static.
Increased perioral responsiveness: A possible explanation for the switching of behavior observed during lateral hypothalamic stimulation

Abstract Stimulation of the rat's lateral hypothalamus produced a sensory field in the perioral region that when touched lead to head turning and biting. This effect was observed only when the electrical stimulation elicited a discrete behavior such as eating, gnawing, drinking, or attack behavior. The appearance of the sensory field was not specifically associated with any one of these behaviors. However, it was never elicited by hypothalamic electrodes that did not produce discrete behaviors.
Multiple-relaxation-time lattice-Boltzmann model for multiphase flow

The lattice-Boltzmann method has shown promise in simulating multiphase flows. However, when using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator and polynomial equilibria, numerical stability problems have been shown to occur as the relaxation time is decreased. Some authors have suggested the use of multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) models in lieu of the BGK collision operator, which employs a single relaxation time, to enhance numerical stability. In this paper, a MRT lattice-Boltzmann model for multiphase flow is developed and evaluated for accuracy in several test problems including oscillating liquid cylinders and capillary waves. It is shown that the MRT model is able to achieve numerically stable results at lower viscosities relative to the corresponding BGK model.
Thiol Oxidation-Induced Embryonic Cell Death in Mice Is Prevented by the Antioxidant Dithiothreitol

The oxidation of cellular sulfhydryl (SH) groups has been implicated in the induction of apoptosis in various types of cells and in the disturbance of the meiotic spindle of murine oocytes during aging. The objective of this study was to determine whether the SH-specific oxidant diamide could inhibit embryo development and induce cell death, and whether the antioxidant dithiothreitol (DTT) could counteract such effects. Exposure of mouse zygotes to diamide for 3 h at 25 or 50 microM (but not 12.5 microM) resulted in cell cycle arrest and cell death with evidence of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (100 or 200 microM), diamide induced necrosis as evidenced by propidium iodide-positive pronuclei within 24 h of treatment. Simultaneous addition of DTT at equimolar concentration prevented these effects. However, when DTT was added later, it was no longer protective. DTT also effectively protected against the thiol-oxidative damage caused by diamide in blastocysts. These results suggest that altering thiol-redox status in zygotes and blastocysts may result in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and/or cell death.
3D Photofixation Lithography in Diels–Alder Networks

3D structures were written and developed in a crosslinked polymer initially formed by a Diels–Alder reaction. Unlike conventional liquid resists, small features cannot sediment, as the reversible crosslinks function as a support, and the modulus of the material is in the MPa range at room temperature. The support structure, however, can be easily removed by heating the material which depolymerizes the polymer into a mixture of low-viscosity monomers. Complex shapes were written into the polymer network using two-photon techniques to spatially control the photoinitiation and subsequent thiol–ene reaction to selectively convert the Diels–Alder adducts into irreversible crosslinks.
Becoming a parent: biobehavioral and brain science perspectives.

This overview is a synthesis of our current understanding of parent–infant bonding, chiefly from the perspective of the parent's brain physiology. The parent–infant bond is central to the human condition, contributes to risks for mood and anxiety disorders, and provides potential resiliency and protection against the development of psychopathology throughout life. While the complex nature of the phenomena and experimental approaches leads to the consideration of many overlapping parenting brain systems, including sensory, emotion, and cognition to support behavior, a relatively small set of brain regions seem to be robustly involved. These include basal ganglia and related cortex for emotion and drive (striatum, amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus), and regulatory cortical regions (anterior cingulate, insula medial frontal, and orbitofrontal cortices). Work in this field promises to link parental brain performance with resilience, risk, and appropriate treatment toward infant mental health.
Freshwater Alteration of Basaltic Glass, Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii: A Natural Analogue for the Alteration of Borosilicate Glass in Fresh Water

Alteration (fresh water) products (palagonite and zeolites) of a 12, 000–28, 000 year old basaltic glass from Hanauma Bay, Hawaii, were examined by electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The palagonite, 0 to 300 microns thick, is depleted in Si, Al, Ca, Na, and K and enriched in Ti and Fe. Ca-rich zeolites are associated with palagonite that is slightly more depleted in Ca; all samples contain zeolites and low Al-palagonite. The rate of palagonitization (0.002–0.005 volume percent/year) is less than the experimentally predicted rate for basalt glasses due to the episodic presence of the percolating groundwater. The Si/AI ratio of the zeolites decreases with increasing pH of the groundwater as it passes through the vertical section. Zeolite paragenesis is (first to last): analcime (NaAlSi 2 O 6 ·H 2 O), phillipsite [(1/2 Ca, Na, K)(Al 3 Si 5 O 16 ).6H 2 O], chabazite (CaAl 2 SiO 16.6 H 2 O).
The four-measure influence plot

Abstract Since its inception, least squares regression has been recognized as being sensitive to unusual data cases. In recent years, diagnostic measures have been developed to identify such cases and assess their influence on the analysis. The major statistical packages now include many of these diagnostics in their regression output. However, the columnar listings of influence measure values provided usually exceed the size of the original data matrix. This article presents a useful graphical summary which simultaneously displays four influence measures, reflecting different perspectives of influence, for all cases in a regression. Although more effective on a higher resolution device, the four-measure influence plot can be implemented for routine use in its basic form on a line printer using a FORTRAN program available from the author.
Electro-Optic Measurement of γ-Ray Induced Damage in DNA

The effects on aqueous superhelical PM2 and linear calf thymus DNA’s due to γ-radiation from a 60Co source have been studied by pulsed electric birefringence relaxation techniques. In a nitrogen atmosphere the average field-free relaxation time, T, for calf thymus DNA first increased, then decreased as a function of dose in the range 0–13 kRad. A much more rapid decrease in T as a function of dose was determined in the presence of ambient oxygen. Significant differences were easily measurable at the lowest dose tried (~ 0.3 kRad). Solutions of superhelical PM2 DNA in the presence of ambient oxygen showed an asymptotic increase in T by a factor of about 2. This was predicted for supercoil relaxation from a previous electro-optic study of PM2 DNA with ethidium bromide. Significant changes in T were easily discernable at the lowest doses measured (~ 0.3 kRad), with a 50% effect at 0.5 kRad.
Lipid Deposition in Oocytes of Teleost Fish During Secondary Oocyte Growth

Research pertaining to the deposition of lipids into the maturing oocytes of teleost fish has progressed significantly since the review by Wiegand (1996). Studies on broodstock diets have elucidated the importance of incorporating n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) into diets at the proper levels and ratios for optimal egg viability and survival of progeny. The vitellogenin receptor, VgR, has been well classified in some teleost species and is now suspected to be evolutionarily linked to the LR8(-) receptor in birds and mammals. The expression of a somatic lipoprotein receptor has been observed in the maturing oocytes of teleost fish. Multiple forms of vitellogenin have been discovered in a number of teleost species. There is also a growing amount of evidence suggesting other plasma lipoproteins may play a major role in the deposition of lipids for some species. Finally, there is additional evidence that vitellogenic oocytes are capable of de novo synthesis of lipids, which provides insigh...
HIV prevention and treatment strategies can help address the overdose crisis

Since the 1990s, effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies have been coordinated and implemented in the United States, resulting in substantial reductions in HIV-related death and HIV transmission among people who use injection drugs. During the same period, despite substantial long-term funding of War on Drugs policies, opioid addiction, driven by increased prescription opioid use and heroin accessibility, has made overdose the leading cause of accidental injury death in the United States. This commentary describes how the prevention and treatment successes among people who use drugs in the HIV/AIDS epidemic can be applied to address the opioid overdose crisis.
A variable eigenvalue approach to the solution of phase‐change problems

A zeroth order variable eigenvalue approach is used to solve the melting (or solidification) problem for a slab initially at a uniform temperature different from the melting temperature and two boundaries maintained at specified temperatures. The accuracy of the method is investigated by applying this approach to obtain a closed form solution for the melting of a semi-infinite medium for which analytical solution is available and comparing both results. On utilise une methode basee sur une valeur propre d'ordre zero pour resoudre le probleme de fusion (ou de solidification) dans le cas d'une plaque qui est d'abord a une temperature uniforme et differente de celle de fusion et des deux limites maintenues a des temperatures specifiees. On etudie l'exactitude de la dite methode en l'appliquant pour obtenir une solution de forme fermee dans le cas de la fusion d'un milieu semi-infini pour laquelle on a une solution analytique et l'on compare les deux resultats.
Moderate acute rejection detected during annual catheterization in pediatric heart transplant recipients.

Abstract Background: Acute rejection commonly occurs within the first year after heart transplantation, and then decreases in frequency with time. Recently, the long-term utility of endomyocardial biopsy during routine annual catheterization has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the prevalence of biopsy-proven rejection during routine annual catheterization in our patient population, determine whether biopsies late after transplant are useful, and identify factors that correlate with late unsuspected rejection. Methods: Biopsy results from the annual catheterization were evaluated from 1986 to August 2000. The prevalence of moderate rejection was evaluated and compared with the patient's immunosuppressive regimen; the prevalence of late rejection; and how late rejection correlated with recipient age, number of first-year rejections and presence of sub-therapeutic cyclosporine. Results: A total of 1,108 biopsies were performed in 269 children with a mean follow-up of 5 ± 3 years (median 5 years, range 1 to 11 years). Three-drug immunosuppressive therapy, including steroids, was used in 93 patients. There was a persistent 8% to 10% prevalence of moderate rejection at up to 10 years post-transplantation. Moderate rejection was more likely in patients: (1) on 3-drug immunosuppressive therapy; (2) with a recipient age >1 year; and (3) with a relatively lower cyclosporine level. Conclusions: These data suggest that continued surveillance of pediatric transplant patients for acute rejection is indicated for long-term follow-up.
Interphase cure characterization in epoxy composites by fluorescence technique

Monitoring the reaction of an aromatic diamine cure agent with epoxy by fluorescence technique was used for cure characterization of the interphase in epoxy/ glass and epoxy/carbon composites. The effect of the various surface treatments was first studied by the model interphase obtained by using a quartz plate for glass or a modified quartz plate for carbon surface. Aminosilane treated quartz cured faster and showed increased cure extent, while water aging and air oxidation showed almost no effect on the cure kinetics in comparison to the untreated quartz surface. For a model carbon surface, air oxidation showed a faster reaction only at the early stage of cure. The effects of the various surface treatments on glass or carbon fiber were also studied with the actual composites made by a thin coating of epoxy-diamine melt on glass or carbon fiber bundles. Epoxy/glass fiber composite showed a similar trend as the model interphase system. In the case of epoxy/carbon fiber composite, both air oxidation and water aging treatment showed a faster cure reaction at the early stage of cure. Furthermore, air oxidation treatment for the epoxy/carbon fiber composite showed somewhat increased cure extent. The reasons for these trends have been discussed.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of an Fe-Promoted Rh/TiO2 Catalyst for Synthesis of Ethanol from Synthesis Gas

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) have been used to elucidate the structural features of a 2% Rh-2.5% Fe/TiO{sub 2} catalyst for syngas conversion to ethanol. The results from Rh K-edge and Fe K-edge spectroscopy on a fresh catalyst exposed to air indicated that both Rh and Fe were present as highly dispersed oxides on the titania, and that both adopted a +3 formal oxidation state. For the catalyst reduced in H{sub 2} at 573 K, the Rh K-edge EXAFS revealed Rh-Rh interactions (coordination number N = 6.1, Rh-Rh distance r{sub Rh-Rh} = 2.67 {angstrom}) and a second feature arising from either Rh-Ti or Rh-O coordination. The metal particles contained on an average about 20 atoms, which is consistent with a particle size of 1 nm. A shift in the Rh K-edge XANES by -2 eV indicated that the reduced Rh particles were electron rich compared to bulk Rh metal. Although Rh was reduced completely to the metal by H{sub 2}, the iron oxide promoter was reduced primarily from Fe{sup III} to Fe{sup II} oxide. The results from X-ray absorption spectroscopy at both the Fe and Rh K-edges were unchanged by exposure of themore » reduced catalyst to syngas (H{sub 2}+CO) at 543 K. A structural model for this ethanol synthesis catalyst is proposed.« less
Options for upper lip reconstruction: a survey-based analysis.

BACKGROUND Clinical factors such as size and location, but also surgeon experience and comfort level, may influence decisions in reconstructive methods. OBJECTIVE To survey a select group of surgeons for their reconstructive choices for a moderate-sized upper lip defect. METHODS Surveys were mailed to 313 facial plastic surgeons. Survey recipients were asked to rank reconstructive preferences for a specific upper lip defect. Response choices were correlated to predictor variables such as surgeon experience and comfort level. RESULTS Survey response was 45.6%. Cheek advancement flap was the first choice in 34.4%, followed by Abbe flap (31.2%), myocutaneous rotation flap (20.5%), and nasolabial flap (13.9%), with the nasolabial flap being statistically the least popular (p<.01). For surgeons with more than 20 years' experience and those with less than 10 years' experience, the Abbe flap was the most common first choice (38.9% and 32.4%, respectively). For surgeons with 11 to 20 years experience, the cheek advancement flap was the most common first choice (46.2%). CONCLUSIONS A poll of a select group of surgeons demonstrated variability in their choice of upper lip reconstruction options, although the nasolabial flap was found to be the least-chosen option. Trends in choices based upon experience and comfort level were demonstrated.
THE ELUSIVE SOVEREIGN: NEW INTELLECTUAL AND SOCIAL HISTORIES OF CAPITALISM*

© 2012 by Cambridge University Press, Modern Intellectual History. Available at http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1479244311000588
Assessing professionalism: a review of the literature

Although assessing professionalism poses many challenges, gauging and detecting changes in professionalism is impossible without measurement. This paper is a review of techniques used to assess professionalism during the past 20 years. The authors searched five electronic databases and reference lists from 1982 to 2002. Eighty-eight assessments were retained and organized into content area addressed (i.e. ethics, personal characteristics, comprehensive professionalism, diversity) and type of outcome examined (i.e. affective, cognitive, behavioral, environmental). Instead of creating new professionalism assessments, existing assessments should be improved. Also, more studies on the predictive validity of assessments and their use as part of formative evaluation systems are recommended. Based on the review, suggestions are presented for assessing medical students, resident physicians and practicing physicians.
Microarray analyses of oral punch biopsies from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with chemotherapy.

Objective Understanding the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) is vital to develop therapies for this common, dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment. We investigated molecular events in CIOM from buccal mucosa tissue collected before and 2 days after chemotherapy from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and healthy controls by microarray analysis. Methods Microarray analysis was performed using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array on buccal mucosa punch biopsies from patients with AML before (n = 4) or after chemotherapy (n = 4), and from healthy controls (n = 3). Following Robust Multichip Average (RMA) normalization, we applied Linear Models for Microarray data (LIMMA) and Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) for data analysis using the TM4/TMeV v4.5.1 program. Results LIMMA and SAM identified genes potentially affected by the presence of AML, including homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1), mex-3 homolog D (MEX3D), and genes potentially affected by chemotherapy, including argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1), zinc transporter ZIP6 (SLC39A6), and TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1). The expression of 2 genes with potential biological significance in oral mucositis, ASS1 and SLC39A6 (alias LIV-1), was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Conclusions Our results suggest that AML-specific deregulated immune responses and inflammatory tissue damage to the oral mucosa caused by chemotherapy may not be overcome by the natural cellular repair processes and therefore contribute to CIOM.
Kalirin: A Dual Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor That Is So Much More Than the Sum of Its Many Parts

A large number of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) are used in the CNS to activate specific Rho GTPase family members, thereby inducing various signaling mechanisms that regulate neuronal shape, growth, and plasticity, in part through their effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Kalirin is a large neuronal dual Rho GEF that activates Rac1, RhoA, and RhoG via its two Rho GEF domains. This activation, which is spatially and temporally regulated, allows Kalirin to influence neurite initiation, axonal growth, and dendritic morphogenesis. In addition, this alternatively spliced gene generates developmentally regulated transcripts that yield proteins localized to the postsynaptic density (PSD). Kalirin-7, which interacts with PSD-95, is necessary for dendritic spine formation. In addition, Kalirins have the ability to regulate and influence other aspects of neuronal morphogenesis via protein-protein interactions with their other domains, including many spectrins, other protein and lipid interaction domains, and a potential kinase. These interactions have implications not only for neuronal morphogenesis but also for vesicle trafficking, secretion, neuronal maintenance, and neurodegenerative disease.
Radiolabeled immunoglobulin therapy: old barriers and new opportunities.

The development of cancer-selective therapies, in particular radiolabeled immunoglobulin therapy (RIT), has stalled. RIT limitations/opportunities are identified in translational research in nude mice, beagles and rhesus monkeys, and in patients with Hodgkin’s disease, neurological paraneoplastic syndromes or small vessel vasculitis. Intravenous RIT is most successful in patients with hematological malignancies due to high tumor uptake and long tumor retention of radiolabeled immunoglobulins. Patients with solid tumors are only expected to benefit from RIT by the administration of radiolabeled immunoglobulins directly into the tumor. Tumor-reactive IgG is the best vehicle for iv. RIT. Tumor-reactive IgM is the best vehicle for intratumoral RIT. The authors do not intend to review the whole clinical RIT experience, but instead analyze the current limitations to success and how they can be circumvented. When the scientific community can reach a consensus on the development and use of these promising and eco...
Synthesis and analysis of SiGeC

Chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) techniques have been used to form heteroepitaxial layers of SiGeC on (100)Si. The epitaxial layers were analyzed by RBS, C-resonance, channeling, SIMS, X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Novel binary and ternary phases have been formed by CVD: Si/sub 4/C, Si/sub 3/GeC/sub 4/ (sphalerite), Ge/sub 4/C and (Si/sub 2/Ge)C/sub x/. The approach combines novel precursor chemistries and modern deposition techniques (ultrahigh vacuum CVD).
Composite-technicolor standard model

Abstract We characterize a class of composite models in which the quarks and leptons and technifermions are built from fermions (preons) bound by strong gauge interactions. We argue that if the preon dynamics has as [SU(3) × U(1)]5 flavor symmetry that is explicitly broken only by preon mass terms proportional to the quark and lepton mass matrices, then the composite-tech-nicolor theory has a GIM mechanism that suppresses dangerous flavor changing neutral current effects. We show that the compositeness scale must be between ≈1 TeV and ≈2.5 TeV, giving rise to observable deviations from the standard electroweak interactions, and that B B mixing and CP violation in K mesons can differ significantly from the standard model predictions. The lepton flavor symmetries may be observable in the near future in the comparison of the compositeness effects in e+e− → μ+μ− with those in e+e− → e+e−.
A Coverage Guided Mining Approach for Automatic Generation of Succinct Assertions

Machine learning techniques are widely employed for automatic assertion generation in hardware verification. Our previous method [16] uses a decision tree based approach for mining assertions and does not have design coverage related feedback. The assertions are unaware of the design, over-constrained and have low expressiveness. We introduce a coverage guided mining approach for mining assertions from simulation traces. Our approach combines association rule learning, greedy set covering and formal verification. It circumvents the exhaustive rule generation of association mining using coverage feedback. The algorithm has been implemented as one part of GoldMine1. Experiments using a variety of designs, including USB, PCI and OpenRisc, show that the assertions generated by coverage guided association mining cover an average of 6.14 times input space than those generated by decision tree based mining algorithms. We also show that the coverage guided association mining produces an average of 2.75 times fewer propositions per assertion than decision tree based mining. All these mean the assertions generated by coverage guided association mining are more succinct, and of higher value for hardware design verification.
Bridging the Gap Between Strategy and Performance: Using Leadership Style to Enable Structural Elements

Successful leaders create structural elements in order to achieve the performance objectives set forth by organizational strategy. Supply chain oriented structural elements are reflected in an organization's relationships, both within the firm and with supply chain partners. In this research effort, we examine how such structural elements can be created as a means through which to enhance performance. Our hypothesized model is rooted in strategy-structure-performance theory and integrates elements of servant leadership theory and social exchange theory to explain how building organizational commitment via servant leadership behaviors can ultimately impact performance. We use a survey method to collect data from 158 motor carriers. The results of our structural equation model support our hypotheses and serve to extend the discussion of supply chain structural elements and the role of leadership style in achieving organizational performance.
Phytophthorols-novel lipids produced byPhytophthora cactorum

Lipid-phytophthorols are a series of saturated and unsaturated odd chain fatty alcohols (C17–C21) esterified to myristic acid (14∶0) with each possessing two hydroxyl functions in a 1,2-diol relationship centered toward the ester terminus. They have been identified, and their biosynthetic relationship to other fatty acid and alcohols produced byPhytophthora cactorum have been determined. Because phytophthorols are crystalline materials and elute in TLC and HPLC with sterols, an architectural function is implied. In the absence of cholesterol, dietary phytophthorol failed to induce reproduction.
Three new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the Northeastern Pacific

Three new species of hippolytid shrimps are described from the northeastern Pacific. Lebbeus eludus and L. mundus are often found at shallow depths (10–20 m) in the crevices of rock walls. Both have previously been mistaken for a western Pacific species, L. schrencki (Brashnikov) and are characterized by having an unusual, deep, transverse groove on the dorsal surface of the second abdominal somite, short rostrums, and epipods on the first three pereopods. The third shrimp, L. acudactylus, has been found at depths of 150–170 m and appears closely related to L. grandimanus (Brashnikov) and L. balsii Hayashi, but lacks a comb of spines on the mesial margin of the third maxillipeds that is characteristic of those two species. Color photos showing the unique patterns of all three new species are provided.
Eighth joint national committee (JNC-8) guidelines and the outpatient management of hypertension in the African-American population

Background: Hypertension is a common medical disease, occurring in about one third of young adults and almost two thirds of individuals over the age of 60. With the release of the Eighth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment (JNC-8) guidelines, there have been major changes in blood pressure management in the various subgroups. Aim: Optimal blood pressure management and markers of end-organ damage in African-American adult patients were compared between patients who were managed according to the JNC-8 hypertension management guidelines and those who were treated with other regimens. Materials and Methods: African-American patients aged 18 years or older with an established diagnosis of hypertension were included in the study who were followed up in our internal medicine clinic between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2103; the data on their systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), age, gender, comorbidities, and medications were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups based on the antihypertensive therapy as follows - Group 1: Diuretic only; Group 2: Calcium channel blocker (CCB) only; Group 3: Diuretic and CCB; Group 4: Other antihypertensive agent. Their blood pressure control, comorbidities, and associated target organ damage were analyzed. Results: In all 323 patients, blood pressures were optimally controlled. The majority of the patients (79.6%) were treated with either a diuretic, a CCB, or both. Intergroup comparison analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, associated comorbidities, or frequency of target organ damage. Conclusion: Although diuretics or CCBs are recommended as first-line agents in African-American patients, we found no significant difference in the optimal control of blood pressure and frequency of end-organ damage compared to management with other agents.
Introduction: Conceptual Overview of Lesson Study

Lesson study is a collaboration-based teacher professional development approach that originated in Japan (Fernandez and Yoshida 2004; Lewis and Tsuchida 1998; Stigler and Hiebert 1999). Lesson study attracted the attention of an international audience in the past decade, and in 2002 it was one of the foci for the Ninth Conference of the International Congress on Mathematics Education (ICME). It subsequently spread to many other countries and more than a dozen international conferences and workshops were held around the world in which people shared their experiences and progress with lesson study as they adopted this new form of professional development in their unique cultural contexts (e.g., Conference on Learning Study 2006; Fujita et al. 2004; Lo 2003; National College for Educational Leadership 2004; Shimizu et al. 2005).
Predicting Continued Participation in Online Health Forums

Online health forums provide advice and emotional solace to their users from a social network of people who have faced similar conditions. Continued participation of users is thus critical to their success. In this paper, we develop machine learning models for predicting whether or not a user will continue to participate in an online health forum. The prediction models are trained and tested over a large dataset collected from the support group based social networking site dailystrength.org. We find that our models can predict continued participation with over 83% accuracy after as little as 1 month observing the user’s activities, and that performance increases rapidly up to 1 year of observation. We also show that features such as the time since a user’s last activity are consistently predictive regardless of the length of the observation period, while other features, such as the number of times a user replies to others, decrease in predictiveness as the observation period grows.
PILOT STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF AMBIENT COPEPTIN TO THE AQUARETIC EFFECTS OF TOLVAPTAN IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Tolvaptan, an arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonist, may be a novel therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF) but AVP activation is not uniform and results have been variable in previous trials of unselected CHF patients. Copeptin, c-terminal pre-provasopressin, reflects AVP activation. We