cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of a Separating Flow over a Turret

Control of flow separation over a turret comprised of hemisphere on top of a cylindrical base is demonstrated in wind tunnel experiments at Reynolds number ReD ≈ 800,000. Highfrequency actuation (StD ≈ 15) is effected using spanwise arrays of individually-addressable synthetic jet actuators and the control effectiveness is characterized using high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) and surface pressure measurements. The present work has demonstrated that high-frequency synthetic jet actuation can lead to substantial separation delay, and that extent of separation delay is directly proportional to both the jet momentum coefficient and the spanwise width of the actuator array. Detailed PIV measurements near the juncture between the hemisphere and the cylinder show that in the presence of nominal actuation there is virtually no recirculating flow within the measurement window down to the level of the juncture between the hemisphere and the cylinder, and suggest that the boundary layer on the surface of the hemisphere is actually attached. However, the pressure distributions show that the static pressure levels off at elevation angle greater than 145°, which may be attributed to 3-D effects. Estimates of the turbulent kinetic energy within the flow downstream of the hemispherical cap show a rather dramatic reduction in TKE in the controlled flow, as the recirculating flow domain is pushed below the hemisphere-cylinder juncture. It is also shown that the presence of a partition plate downstream of this juncture prevents vertical advection of the reduced recirculating flow domain and forces it towards the corner much like in the flow behind a hemispherical shell on a flat plate.
Discovery of novel antinociceptive α-conotoxin analogues from the direct in vivo screening of a synthetic mixture-based combinatorial library.

Marine cone snail venoms consist of large, naturally occurring combinatorial libraries of disulfide-constrained peptide neurotoxins known as conotoxins, which have profound potential in the development of analgesics. In this study, we report a synthetic combinatorial strategy that probes the hypervariable regions of conotoxin frameworks to discover novel analgesic agents by utilizing high diversity mixture-based positional-scanning synthetic combinatorial libraries (PS-SCLs). We hypothesized that the direct in vivo testing of these mixture-based combinatorial library samples during the discovery phase would facilitate the identification of novel individual compounds with desirable antinociceptive profiles while simultaneously eliminating many compounds with poor activity or liabilities of locomotion and respiration. A PS-SCL was designed based on the α-conotoxin RgIA-ΔR n-loop region and consisted of 10,648 compounds systematically arranged into 66 mixture samples. Mixtures were directly screened in vivo ...
Application of ADAMS and ANSYS to mechanism analysis

ANSYS is suitable for linear/nonlinear stress and strain analysis,but not for kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanical system.However,ADAMS is completely on the contrary.This paper presents an approach by combining ADAMS with ANSYS in dynamic analysis as well as stress and displacement analysis,it is proved that the method is feasible.
Logistic Regression Analysis on Influencing Factors of Hypertension in Rural Areas of Zhuhai

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors in the rural areas of Zhuhai.Methods With a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method,641 inhabitants aged 15~69 years were selected from rural areas of Doumen and Jinwan in Zhuhai.A questionnaire-based hypertension survey was performed in conjunction of the measurement of body height,body weight and blood pressure among the inhabitants.In addition,a multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.Results The prevalence and standardized rates of hypertension among the rural study population in Zhuhai were 24.0% and 22.7%,respectively.The standardized rates of male and female were 24.9% and 21.4%,respectively.No statistically significant difference was found in the standardized rate of hypertension between male and female(u=1.086,P0.05).Age,alcohol drinking,overweight and obesity were identified as the four risk factors of hypertension,and their OR values were 1.070,1.624,2.126 and 10.508,respectively.The kinds of eating fruits in each week were found to be protective factors of hypertension(P0.05),and the OR value was 0.509.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in rural areas of Zhuhai has reached the average level of Chinese residents,and hypertension has become a major risk factor affecting the rural inhabitants' health in Zhuhai.Therefore,health education and interventions,including controlling the amount of alcohol drinking and body weight and frequently eating fruits,should be taken to reduce the incidence of hypertension.
Modeling and Analyzing the Mean and Volatility Relationship between Electricity Price Returns and Fuel Market Returns

This paper has two objectives. First, we apply the symmetric and asymmetric VAR(1)-BEKK-MGARCH(1.1), VAR(1)-CCC-MGARCH(1,1), VAR(1)-DCC-MGARCH, VAR(1)-VARMA-CCC-MGARCH and VAR(1)- VARMA-DCC-MGARCH models to explore the return and volatility interactions among electricity and other fuel price markets(oil, natural gas, and coal). Second, this paper investigates the importance of not only volatility spillover among energy markets, but also the asymmetric effects of negative and positive shockson the conditional variance of modeling one energy market’s volatility upon the returns of future prices within and across other energy markets. The empirical results display that these models do capture the dynamic structure of the return interactions and volatility spillovers and exhibit statistical significance for own past mean and volatility short-and long-run persistence effects, while there are just a few cross-market effects for each model.
Dynamics and Statics in Phase Separating, Adhering Lipid Membranes

When living cells adhere to one another or their environment they organize their cellular membrane components into physical structures responsible for biological functions. One striking example is the immunological synapse formed at the adhesion site of immune cells which exhibits dual heterogeneities—characterized by differences in proteins and lipids—that are at first dynamic for tens of seconds to minutes and then stable for tens of minutes to an hour (Grakoui et al., Science 285, 221-227 (1999)).We employ a minimalist biophysical approach to investigate the dynamic formation and static persistence of lipid and protein heterogeneities at the adhesion site of lipid membranes. In our experiments we adhere mixed-lipid model membrane vesicles to a supported bilayer substrate via biotin-avidin binding. In one set of experiments, our vesicle membranes are made of a lipid mixture near an Lo-Ld phase boundary but are kept above the miscibility transition temperature as measured in free floating vesicles (S. L. Veatch, S. L. Keller, Biophysical journal 85, 3074-3083 (2003)). When the membranes adhere, they form two coexisting heterogeneities at the adhesion site that are compositionally distinct from the non-adhered portion of the membrane: (1) a central region that excludes a membrane dye—which marks the Ld phase—and is devoid of binders and (2) a peripheral region that is enriched in the membrane dye and is dense with binders. In a second set of experiments, our vesicle membranes are made of binary lipid mixtures (DOPC and Cholesterol) that are reported to be miscible at all accessible temperatures. Remarkably, when these membranes adhere, they form domains that exclude the membrane dye at the adhesion site and the domains grow on seconds-to-minutes-long time scales. We suggest the domain growth in this system is a nonequilibrium phase transition.
Evaluation of a sprinkler cooling system on inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations in broiler chicken production

ABSTRACTWorkers are exposed to dust in broiler chicken production during daily work activities. Poultry dust may contain inflammatory agents (e.g., endotoxin) and inhalation exposure has been associated with pulmonary symptoms. Current practice to reduce worker exposure to poultry dust is the use of respiratory protection (e.g., elastomeric face-piece respirator with a P100 and ammonia chemical cartridge). Limited research has been conducted to evaluate engineering controls to reduce dust and ammonia concentrations in broiler chicken production; therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a water sprinkling system to reduce inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations in a broiler chicken house.Inhalable dust and ammonia concentrations were measured daily for the production cycle of a flock of broiler chickens (63 days). Inhalable dust was measured gravimetrically using an inhalable sampler and ammonia was measured by a direct reading sensor. Sampling was performed on a stati...
An Oculus platform to measure sensory integration for postural control in patients with vestibular dysfunction

Background: We developed a low cost virtual reality [VR] platform using recent substantial advancements in the VR field (namely, Oculus Rift and Vive HTC headsets). Our novel platform comprehensively targets sensory integration for postural control in a manner that is salient and specific to the individual while being affordable, portable and clinically applicable. We aimed to establish the feasibility and test-retest reliability of our platform in adult patients with Vestibular dysfunction. Methods: Seventeen patients with a clinical diagnosis of peripheral vestibular dysfunction completed two testing sessions with our platform, one to four weeks apart. Their postural sway was recorded by a forceplate as they were standing upright on a firm or compliant surface while observing various scenes including three moving spheres scenes and one busy street (‘City’) scene. In another scene (‘Park’), they tried to avoid a virtual ball approaching their head. We calculated Center-of-Pressure displacement, velocity and excursion per scene in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions. We compared these between sessions using Intraclass Correlations (ICCs). Results: Displacement and velocity had good reliability (>0.5, P<0.001) on all scenes in at least one direction and one surface conditions. ICCs for excursion were poor except for in the medio-lateral direction on the Park scene (ICC between 0.5 to 0.74, P<0.001). Side effects were minimal and occasionally moderate to severe, but transient. Patients swayed significantly more than healthy young adults (P<0.001) in both directions and on both surfaces. Conclusion: We designed a novel virtual reality platform via Unity for Oculus Rift to assess sensory integration and visuomotor processing for postural control. With carefully developed abstract and functional scenes, we are tapping into domains that were not accessible in the clinic before and are particularly salient for patients with vestibular dysfunction or other sensory deficits and associated balance problems. We established the feasibility, test-retest reliability and preliminary validity of our platform. We continue to develop our platform into a clinical assessment.
Robert E. Lee's Right Ear and the Relation of Earlobe Crease to Coronary Artery Disease

Relation of a diagonal earlobe crease (ELC) to coronary artery disease (CAD) was first reported by Sanders Frank in 1973 more than 100 years after the death of Robert E. Lee. Lee provides a rich description of his symptoms in his letters. Lee lived in a period when scientific medicine was just beginning to develop. CAD was not commonly recognized as a clinical entity by practicing physicians during Lee's lifetime. Numerous studies since Frank's original report have shown how an ELC can add to the predictive probability of CAD in the individual patient. This report provides brief context of the state of medical knowledge of CAD and clinical practice in the 19th century to provide better understanding of Lee's medical history. Photographs of Lee showing diagonal ELC are provided. A review of the medical reports shows the relation of ELC to CAD. Lee's description of his symptoms added to the presence of ELC offer compelling evidence that Lee suffered from ischemic heart disease. In conclusion, a modern observation, the value of ELC in the prediction of CAD, applied to a historical figure provides an example of the importance the observation of an ELC in the evaluation of a patient with suspected CAD and may provide evidence for evaluation of the medical history of other historical figures as well as for our current patients.
The Modern Penny Dreadful: Public Prosecution and Crime Victim Privacy in a Digital Age

When the criminal justice system creates a digital public record of alleged abuses, it may aggravate invasions of privacy for crime victims indefinitely. A public trial and digital public record may be even more intimidating for certain victims, such as cybercrime victims, whose loss of privacy constitutes the gravamen of the harm. Courtroom policies are expanding traditional pre-digital approaches to protect the safety and privacy interests of crime victim witnesses, such as Jane Doe pseudonyms for witnesses and recording restrictions on electronic devices in court. Statutory privacy protections in the form of public records exceptions for certain evidence have also emerged and adapted to a Digital Age. Both approaches face constitutional challenges by the media and others in the interests of First Amendment rights and the right to a fair and public trial for defendants. This tension and balance of interests is examined, addressing the court's evolving recognition of the dangers and disincentives of a public trial for vulnerable litigants and witnesses, as well as the inappropriate use of the courtroom public record as a modern penny dreadful for entertainment purposes.
The Impact of Gainful Employment Regulations on the Access to Higher Education

Obtaining a post-secondary education is associated with better labor market outcomes and is a key determinant of worker productivity, economic growth, and overall well-being. However, the cost of attendance, time to completion, and levels of borrowing are all reaching unparalleled highs. As such, U.S. policy makers have passed gainful employment regulations in an attempt to hold institutions of higher education accountable for student outcomes. This paper investigates the potential consequences of such regulations by constructing optimal university admissions rules. We find that access to higher education of minorities and women will be disproportionately restricted once gainful employment takes effect.
Chronic E. coli infection and inflammation induce prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mice

4686 Background and objective: Prostate cancer (CaP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in men in the developed world. Epidemiological studies have linked chronic inflammation to cancer development in several organs, including the prostate. While the etiology of CaP remains largely unclear, we hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by chronic bacterial infection and inflammation may play a role in pre-neoplastic events within the prostate leading to an initiation and promotion of prostatic carcinogenesis. This hypothesis was tested using a mouse model of E. coli-induced prostatitis recently developed in our laboratory. Methods: Male C3H/HeOuJ mice 12 weeks old were anaesthetized with isoflurane and inoculated intraurethrally with 2x106E.coli 1677. Control mice were inoculated with PBS. Mice were sacrificed at five days and 12 weeks after inoculation. Prostate tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were evaluated by light microscopy for inflammatory responses and histologic changes. Also, the presence of oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo-dG) and Ki-67. Results: All infected mice developed acute prostatitis at five days and 12 weeks after inoculation. Control mice treated with PBS had no prostate infections or inflammation at either timepoint. Prostatic tissue sections showed acute inflammatory infiltrates in the prostate glands and the stroma five days following E.coli infection. At 12 weeks, the acute inflammation decreased and focal residual acute inflammation was present only in the prostatic glands. In addition, focal mild to moderate chronic inflammation was present in the stroma. Most significantly, prostatic glandular epithelium showed post-infection atypical hyperplasia with increased epithelial cell layers, cytological atypia, and dysplastic changes of glandular architecture. Some changes mimicked prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer like-lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that atypical prostate glands had a stronger staining for the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-Oxo-dG than normal and simple hyperplastic glands. The atypical glands also showed a significant increase in epithelial nuclear labeling of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67. Conclusions: Our study showed that prostatic inflammation results in focal prostatic glandular atypia (e.g., PIN and dysplasia), a potential precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, our results suggest a clear relationship between chronic inflammation and oxidative DNA damage that may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis development. Further studies are needed to define the morphological and immunophenotypical changes within the prostate induced by chronic infection and to clarify a potential link between inflammation and etiology of prostate cancer.
The Social Funding of Race: The Role of Schooling.

ABSTRACTOur nation is suffused in questions of race and racism. Despite much scholarly and public discussion we struggle to undo long-held assumptions about race and how it functions. This article ...
Weight Regain Following Bariatric Surgery and Revisional Surgery

Bariatric surgery is an extremely effective and well-proven strategy to achieve substantial weight loss for patients with morbid obesity. However, as with any intervention, bariatric surgery is associated with short- and long-term complications. Significant weight regain can be regarded as a very important and often forgotten barrier to sustained life-long success, both physically and psychologically. The definition, prevalence, etiology, and possible treatment modalities available to address weight regain after both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy will be discussed in the following chapter.
Regulating Life: Romanticism, Science, and the Liberal Imagination

The concept of regulation was a key means by which many Romantic-era authors sought to understand and direct relationships among life, the individual, and political collectives: for example, Immanu...
Factor Xa-A pleuripotential protease.

A current view of vascular thrombosis emphasizes the importance of cellular surface biochemistry and the integrated contribution of platelets, monocytes and endothelial cells that contribute to atherothrombosis. Initiation of coagulation occurs on tissue-factor bearing cells, while amplification (or priming) requires activation of platelets and coagulation proteases. The final phase, propagation is determined by thrombin generation on platelet surfaces [1] (Fig. 1). The cell-based model of vascular thrombosis highlights specific phases or biochemical stages rather than a more traditional view of independent coagulation pathways or cascades. Accordingly, tissue factor is considered the key element for initiation of thrombosis, wherein its ability to complex with factor (f) VIIa and activate f X ultimately causes thrombin generation. Although thrombin is a pivotal enzyme in coagulation and thrombosis, the importance of fXa and its diverse effects on thrombin generation, inflammatory processes, smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial cell activation warrants serious consideration as a potential target for pharmacologic intervention.
Stress and Energy Homeostasis

Stress, regardless of whether it is encountered during gestation, the early postnatal period, or in adulthood, has significant consequences on energy homeostasis of an organism. The mechanisms for stress-induced changes in energy homeostasis are not clear and the subject of active study. Endocrine and neural systems involved in regulation of feeding behavior such as the leptin and melanocortin systems are implicated with the HPA axis and the stress response. It is clear that there are intersections among these systems that may serve to mediate the homeostatic and nonhomeostatic effects of stress on food intake, feeding behavior, and overall energy homeostasis.
Abstract 1521: Role of Trim28 in prostate cancer

TRIM28 is an essential gene during embryonic development, which is involved in a wide range of biologic processes. From the pathologic viewpoint, TRIM28 overexpression was proved to broadly exist in pancreatic, liver, breast, glioma and lung cancer, and often expression of TRIM28 is correlated with clinical stage. Functional assays have demonstrated that TRIM28 promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis, further supporting TRIM28 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. For past decade, TRIM28 is considered to be a transcriptional co-repressor due to TRIM28-dependent recruitment of histone modifiers such as CHD1/NuRD complex and SETDB1 for histone methylation and heterochromatin formation to achieve gene silencing. Surprisingly, transcriptome study revealed that TRIM28 can activate the expression of its target genes as much as it represses, hypothesizing the main role of TRIM28 may not lie in transcriptional repression. In addition, recent findings demonstrated that TRIM28 interacts with 7SK snRNP complex, which facilitates P-TEFb kinase module recruitment and productive transcription elongation at inducible genes. This evidence implicated that TRIM28 may form distinct complexes to induce or repress gene expression in context-dependent manner. On top of that, it remains unclear about the role of TRIM28 in prostate cancer. Our preliminary study revealed that TRIM28 is upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). TRIM28 knockdown markedly decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, clonogenicity as well as CRPC-xenograft tumor growth. Moreover, proteomic analysis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells revealed that TRIM28 associates with a number of transcription co-activators. Gene expression profiling showed that androgen signaling is positively regulated by TRIM28. We proposed that TRIM28 forms the transcription activation complexes that modulate gene expression of various oncogenic pathway and promote PCa progression. Citation Format: Ka-Wing Fong, Jonathan Zhao, Bin Zheng, Jindan Yu. Role of Trim28 in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1521.
Significance of clinical ventricular tachycardias induced by antitachycardia pacing in patients with prior myocardial infarction

Background In patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), ventricular tachycardia (VT) can occur spontaneously or as a result of antitachycardia pacing (ATP) that changes, rather than terminates, a spontaneous VT to a different VT. The relevance of ATP-induced VTs is uncertain. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical relevance of ATP-mediated VTs in patients undergoing VT ablation procedures. Methods Stored ICD electrograms of 162 consecutive patients with prior myocardial infarction referred for VT ablation (mean age 67.5 ± 9.2 years; 150 men; median ejection fraction 25% [IQR 20%–35%]) were reviewed. Clinical VTs were classified as spontaneous or ATP-induced. All VTs were targeted during the ablation procedures. Results Of 554 ICD-recorded clinical VTs, 157 (28%) were ATP-induced (63 patients) and 397 (72%) were spontaneous. ATP-induced VTs were faster (cycle length 316 ± 62 ms vs 369 ± 83 ms; P Conclusion ATP-induced VTs occur frequently in patients with prior myocardial infarction presenting for VT ablation procedures. The presence of ATP-induced VT is associated with a higher VT recurrence rate postablation. None of the ATP-induced VTs recorded before the ablation procedure recurred postablation, and therefore ATP-induced VTs represent a marker rather than the cause of VT recurrence.
Probing arginine-phosphopeptide interactions in non-covalent peptide-peptide ion complexes using gas-phase cross-linking and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations

Abstract We report a study of non-covalent complexes of phosphopeptides pXAAAA and N-Ac-pXAAAA (X = Ser, Thr, Tyr) with arginine-containing peptides carrying diazirine 4,4-azipentyl tags at the N-terminus, *LGG(A)nR, or in the photoleucine residue, L*GG(A)nR (n = 3–5). Complexes with *LGG(A)nR were successfully generated as singly charged ions in the gas phase in 0.6–3.5% yields. In contrast, complexes with L*GG(A)nR were formed in negligible ( H bonds (X C, N, O) in the phosphopeptide. BOMD in combination with structural analysis by density functional theory calculations were used to interpret the experimental data and explain the cross-linking efficiencies.
Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorption by ultrathin black phosphorus metasurfaces

Black phosphorus (BP), a relatively new plasmonic two-dimensional material, offers unique photonic and electronic properties. In this work, we propose a new tunable and broadband ultrathin coherent perfect absorber (CPA) device operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. It is based on a bifacial metasurface made of BP patch periodic arrays separated by a thin dielectric layer. Broadband CPA bandwidth is realized due to the ultrathin thickness of the proposed device and the extraordinary properties of BP. In addition, a substantial modulation between CPA and complete transparency is achieved by adjusting the phase difference between the two counterpropagating incident waves. The CPA performance can be tuned by dynamically changing the electron doping level of BP. The CPA response under normal and oblique transverse magnetic and electric polarized incident waves is investigated. It is derived that CPA can be achieved under both incident polarizations and across a broad range of incident angles. The presented CPA device can be used in the design of tunable planar THz modulators, all-optical switches, detectors, and signal processors.
Can the Subaltern Fly? Female Bodies in Molano's and Marston's Narcofiction

"Within the vast tradition of Latin American cultural production related to the phenomenon of narcotrafficking, this article focuses on two recent emblematic works of narcofiction that illustrate the connections between air travel and Colombian human courier drug smuggling. The first is “El arriero” (“The Mule Driver”), one of a collection of stories by Colombian journalist and author Alfredo Molano included in his book Rebusque mayor. Relatos de mulas, traquetos y embarques (1994). The second is the film Maria Full of Grace (2004), written and directed by American filmmaker Joshua Marston. A comparison of these two cultural productions on drug-muling identifies specific patterns of the transnational illicit drug trade fostered by contemporary global air mobility. These works are also deeply related to gender discrimination and violence, aggravated by socioeconomic issues specific to Latin America and the Global South.... This parallel between a locally produced Colombian short story and a successful American film targeted for an international audience demonstrates how the phenomenon of transnational drug smuggling is critically explored, respectively, by the dominant Western and Southern society, highlighting patterns of subalternity, gender inequality, and distorted mobility."
Corynebacterium striatum bacteremia associated with cellulitis in a patient with cirrhosis

Corynebacteria are a bacteria usually associated as a contaminant due to their presence in normal human skin and mucosal membranes. However, they are increasingly becoming recognized as an opportunistic pathogen. Corynebacteria can be pathogens in immunocompromised patients or those with malignancies or prosthetic devices. We present a rare case of bacteremia due to multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum in a 52-year-old male with cirrhosis. The patient had lower extremity cellulitis which likely served as a port of entry.
Surgical management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders, 2nd ed

Optimal management of patients with hepatic, pancreatic or biliary diseases requires a thorough understanding and practical application of anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnostic and imaging tools, surgical technique/approaches and multidisciplinary treatment options. The second edition of “Surgical Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders” delivers these essential ingredients and, therefore, is a valuable companion for any surgeon or “surgeon want-to-be” whose interest lies in caring for patients with this complex yet fascinating array of benign and malignant disorders of the hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) axis.
Spectral conditions for graph rigidity in the Euclidean plane

Rigidity is the property of a structure that does not flex. It is well studied in discrete geometry and mechanics, and has applications in material science, engineering and biological sciences. A bar-and-joint framework is a pair $(G,p)$ of graph $G$ together with a map $p$ of the vertices of $G$ into the Euclidean plane. We view the edges of $(G, p)$ as bars and the vertices as universal joints. The vertices can move continuously as long as the distances between pairs of adjacent vertices are preserved. The framework is rigid if any such motion preserves the distances between all pairs of vertices. In 1970, Laman obtained a combinatorial characterization of rigid graphs in the Euclidean plane. In 1982, Lov\'asz and Yemini discovered a new characterization and proved that every $6$-connected graph is rigid. Combined with a characterization of global rigidity, their proof actually implies that every 6-connected graph is globally rigid. Consequently, if Fiedler's algebraic connectivity is greater than 5, then $G$ is globally rigid. In this paper, we improve this bound and show that for a graph $G$ with minimum degree $\delta\geq 6$, if its algebraic connectivity is greater than $2+\frac{1}{\delta -1}$, then $G$ is rigid and if its algebraic connectivity is greater than $2+\frac{2}{\delta -1}$, then $G$ is globally rigid. Our results imply that every connected regular Ramanujan graph with degree at least $8$ is globally rigid. We also prove a more general result giving a sufficient spectral condition for the existence of $k$ edge-disjoint spanning rigid subgraphs. The same condition implies that a graph contains $k$ edge-disjoint spanning $2$-connected subgraphs. This result extends previous spectral conditions for packing edge-disjoint spanning trees.
Associations of parental feeding practices and food reward responsiveness with adolescent stress-eating.

Rates of adolescent obesity have continued to rise over the past decade. As adolescence is an important time for developing eating habits that endure into adulthood, more information is needed about the potentially modifiable family- and individual-level factors that influence the development of common overeating behaviors such as stress-eating during adolescence. In this study, we conducted secondary data analyses to evaluate how parental feeding practices and adolescents' food reward responsiveness related to adolescents' stress-eating during a laboratory test meal. Participants were 90 healthy adolescents (50% female), 12-17 years of age (M = 14.3, SD = 1.7 years), at risk for excess weight gain (BMI percentile M = 92.7, SD = 7.5). Parental feeding behaviors were assessed with parent-report on the Child Feeding Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Adolescents' relative reward value of food was measured with a behavioral task. Stress-eating was assessed as total energy intake from a buffet lunch meal after adolescents participated in the Trier Social Stress Test adapted for adolescents. Results revealed that parental concern about their child's weight (t = 2.27, p = .02) and adolescents' relative reward value of food (t = 2.24, p = .03) were related to greater stress-eating, controlling for BMI standard score, age, sex, and general perceived stress. Parental restriction was not related to stress-eating in this sample (p = .21). These findings suggest that parental attitudes about their adolescent's weight and adolescents' own internalized responsiveness to food as a reward may play a role in propensity to engage in overeating in response to stress.
Atomic Energy Levels

Atoms and molecules emit electromagnetic radiation or photons when the electrons or nuclei undergo transitions between various energy levels of the atomic or molecular system. Detailed theory of radiation requires quantum electrodynamics to fully describe the interaction between materials and electromagnetic radiation, so it will not be detailed in this lecture. However, a small set of rules will be discussed to allow the study of the basic physics of radiation.
Initial experience regarding the safety and yield of rest-stress myocardial perfusion imaging in emergency department patients with mildly abnormal high-sensitivity cardiac troponins.

With high-sensitivity troponin testing, approximately a third of patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with suspected acute coronary syndromes will have mildly abnormal values. However, data regarding rest-stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in these patients are limited. We hypothesize that stress testing is safe and that the yield for detecting myocardial ischemia is associated with risk stratification by the HEART score. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred for rest-stress MPI with mildly abnormal high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTn) values. Outcomes were adverse events related to stress MPI, defined as myocardial infarction or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and the presence of ischemia, defined as a reversible perfusion defect. Among 213 patients, the median age was 67, most were male (61.5%, n = 131), and prior CAD was common (53.5%, n = 114). Myocardial ischemia was present in 13.6% (n = 29), and there were no adverse events attributable to stress MPI. A higher HEART score was associated with myocardial ischemia (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08 to 2.08, P = .002). Rest-stress MPI appears safe in patients with mildly abnormal hs-cTn values, and the yield for detecting ischemia is associated with the HEART score, though further validation studies are needed.
Transparency and Taxation

Tax neutrality and tax transparency were among the earliest tax principles discussed in the modern era, for example, by Adam Smith. Although the literature has produced no clear principles for applying the concept of neutrality, and alternative applications are radically inconsistent, transparency is easily applied in the empirical content and provides a workable solution to the mystery of neutrality.
Bioenergy Production and Pollution Control with Immobilized Microbes

Publisher Summary Anaerobic waste treatment has been primarily a batch process requiring residence times of approximately 30 days. These extended treatment periods are required because methanobacter exhibit very low growth rates. As contrasted to the aerobic treatment, the anaerobic process evolves relatively low cell mass. The anaerobic treatment of waste, although fuel efficient, did not represent a feasible approach to treating large volumes of waste solutions by continuous processing until the advent of the anaerobic filter, which is a vertical column containing rocks or other material for the retention of solids in the waste stream. But there are still three problems that are encountered in the application of the anaerobic filter. The first of these problems is that of achieving acceptable reductions of pollutants when very low pollutant concentrations are delivered to the system. The second problem is that of processing very high concentrations of pollutants without adversely affecting the system. The final problem is that of the additional costs of scrubbing the evolved gas to produce a satisfactory fuel. Three different modifications of the anaerobic filter appear to offer solutions to these three problems. This chapter describes three anaerobic systems for producing energy while dramatically reducing retention times. These systems appear to be competitive with aerobic waste treatment with respect to retention time and waste concentration. The positive aspect of energy production warrants both pilot plant and full-scale evaluation of these innovative systems as future high technology waste treatment approaches. If the performance of the scaled-up versions of these units are comparable to the laboratory models, major contributions will have been made to solve the increasing waste production from a rising population and for contributions to alternate energy.
Gorilla calcaneal morphological variation and ecological divergence.

OBJECTIVES The primate foot has been extensively investigated because of its role in weight-bearing; however, the calcaneus has been relatively understudied. Here we examine entire gorilla calcaneal external shape to understand its relationship with locomotor behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calcanei of Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 43), Gorilla beringei graueri (n = 20), and Gorilla beringei beringei (n = 15) were surface or micro-CT scanned. External shape was analyzed through a three-dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis. Semilandmarks were slid relative to an updated Procrustes average in order to minimize the bending energy of the thin plate spline interpolation function. Shape variation was summarized using principal components analysis of shape coordinates. Procrustes distances between taxa averages were calculated and resampling statistics run to test pairwise differences. Linear measures were collected and regressed against estimated body mass. RESULTS All three taxa exhibit statistically different morphologies (p < .001 for pairwise comparisons). G. g. gorilla demonstrates an anteroposteriorly elongated calcaneus with a deeper cuboid pivot region and mediolaterally flatter posterior talar facet. G. b. beringei possesses the flattest cuboid and most medially-angled posterior talar facets. G. b. graueri demonstrates intermediate articular facet morphology, a medially-angled tuberosity, and an elongated peroneal trochlea. DISCUSSION Articular facet differences separate gorillas along a locomotor gradient. G. g. gorilla is adapted for arboreality with greater joint mobility, while G. b. beringei is adapted for more stereotypical loads associated with terrestriality. G. b. graueri's unique posterolateral morphology may be due to a secondary transition to greater arboreality from a more terrestrial ancestor.
American Crows as Carriers of Extra Intestinal Pathogenic E. coli and Avian Pathogenic-Like E. coli and Their Potential Impact on a Constructed Wetland

The study examines whether crows are carriers of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)-like strains, and if wetland roost areas contribute to their spread. A total of 10 crow feces (n = 71) and 15 water E. coli isolates (n = 134) from a wetland area could be characterized as potentially ExPEC based on the presence of ≥2 of the five cardinal genes iutA, kpsMT2, papEF, pap A/C, papG, sfa/foc, and afa/dra, while six fecal and 14 water isolates could be characterized as potentially APEC-like based on the presence of plasmid associated genes: iutA, episomal iss, ompT, hlyF and iroN. A total of 32 fecal and 27 water isolates tested carried plasmids based on incompatibility typing. Plasmids from 34 of 38 isolates tested could be transferred to another E. coli strain by conjugation with the antibiotic resistance (AR) profile being transferred, indicating their potential to be transferred to indigenous and non-pathogenic strains in the wetland. APEC-like plasmids could be transferred in six of eight isolates tested. Pathogenic E. coli of importance to the medical community and poultry industry may be detected in high levels in surface water due to corvid activity. Regardless of their role in health or disease, water in wetlands and streams can serve as a media for the dissemination of AR and virulence traits of bacteria, with corvids acting as potential vectors for farther dissemination.
Magic, Machines, and Markets

The energy orthodoxy is built on modern science, which is the rejection of magic. Yet magical thinking continues to haunt the orthodox project of controlling fate, especially when it comes to solutions for climate change. “Magic, Machines, and Markets” examines two of the central pillars of the energy orthodoxy: decoupling and the invisible hand. Are they the logic of a mechanistic modern civilization or wishful thinking? A closer look at the scale of decarbonization called for by climate scientists should leave us wondering about whether we can really tech-fix and green-grow our way out of the climate crisis.
Tracking Sparse mmWave Channel under Time Varying Multipath Scatterers : (Invited Paper)

Due to severe signal attenuation at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies large antenna arrays are required at both base station and user equipment to achieve necessary beamfoming gain and compensate for the signal power loss. The initial access and beamforming algorithms are typically designed assuming sparsity of mmWave channels, resulting from a very few significant multipath clusters, and considering fixed locations of terminals and scatterers. Channel tracking algorithms have been proposed to account for channel variations due to user mobility. Existing works did not consider mobility of the scatterers, which adds new challenges and opportunities into a channel tracking problem. In this work, we consider a more realistic assumption of mobile scatterers and their impact on channel tracking algorithms. We propose a novel channel tracking algorithm that takes into account the dynamics of cluster evolution, and adaptively tracks channel parameters with the objective to reduce training overhead. We also propose a simple implementation of aperiodic tracking to accommodate tracking to different channel variations. We analyze the performance of the proposed tracking algorithm under highly dynamic channels, and compare it to existing channel tracking algorithms with respect to tracking accuracy, achievable rate, and required training overhead, when aperiodic and periodic trackings are used.
High-Rate Long Cycle-Life Li-Air Battery Aided by Bifunctional InX3 (X = I and Br) Redox Mediators.

Redox mediators (RMs) are solution-based additives that have been extensively used to reduce the charge potential and increase the energy efficiency of Li–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. However, in the ...
Evolutionary institutionalism in Europe’s neighborhood post-enlargement: the European Neighborhood Policy brings geopolitics back in

A major conceptual overhaul is under way in the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) with significant consequences for its eastern dimension. This paper examines such policy adjustments from the perspective of evolutionary institutionalism. The paper revisits the changing rationale of the ENP due to the impact of the broader geopolitical environment on its normative structure and compliance mechanisms on the example of the EU’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) with six countries in the post-Soviet space. By tracing the evolution of the EaP as a result of the Ukraine crisis and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, the paper finds that the EaP’s progressive institutional growth has been replaced with the diversification of its governance mechanism, transforming the established top-down model of conditionality and deep institutionalization of the EU’s neighborhood relations. The evolving institutional arrangements of the EaP, nominally at odds with the principles of institutional continuity, demonstrate that international institutions are resilient vis-a-vis ecological pressures. These findings represent a novel contribution to the literature exploring the institutions-geopolitics dichotomy in the Europe/Eurasia region. The paper concludes that, as the EU has adapted to the structural dependencies of its partners, it is now better positioned to expand its influence in the post-Soviet space. The evolution of the EaP offers valuable insights into the actual process of building a more geopolitical EU: not by advancing pragmatic EU interests or establishing its own “soft” sphere of influence in the Europe/Eurasia region but by sustaining inclusive resilient and efficient institutions with a global outlook.
Together in Hope for the Ecumenical Future

Ecumenists are crazy anyway, Pope Francis told young Lutherans and Catholics celebrating their collaboration and dialogue in Sweden, and so continue in this craziness for the love of God and one another, he urged and prayed that the voice of hope they heard from the start would continue to move their hearts. More reason exists after 2017 to hope for success in ecumenism than at any time in 500 years. Unlike previous centennials, the fifth in 2017 of the Lutheran Reformation epitomized a commemoration for the ecumenical age. By 1999, the dialogues had realized a differentiating consensus for agreement on the doctrine of justification and as a model the future. Hope impelled the dialogues; hope topped the themes of 2017; and hope directs five communions of churches sharing the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification to discern its spiritual and ecclesiastical consequences for greater fellowship and communion.
The sources of social power: Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: II. Comparative analysis of working-class movements

Theory The Second Industrial Revolution brought nationally integrated economies, stiffer international competition, and commercialization of agriculture throughout the West. To each country it brought capital concentration, industrial science, expansion of the metallurgical and chemical industries, of mining, and of transport, and the corporation. In every country this greatly expanded and massified the urbanindustrial labor force and led to employer pressure on wages, hours, and the de-skilling of artisans. This economic revolution was astonishingly similar in all countries, and workers responded with similar, though ambiguous, collective organizations. This chapter charts the resulting conflict between capitalists and workers in several countries. It focuses on explaining the curious outcome that such marked economic similarities among countries generated varied worker ideologies – all six types distinguished in Chapter 15 – and varied outcomes of industrial class struggles. Russia was on the road toward revolution; Germany seemed on a different, quasirevolutionary road; Britain was embarking on a mildly mutualist road; the United States, on a sectionalism largely devoid of socialism; and France still hotly debated all six options. Chapter 19 charts the similarly varied struggles in agriculture during the period. Both use a comparative method, taking national states as independent cases. I leave aside noncomparative aspects of labor movements – interactions among transnational, national, and nationalist organizations – until Chapter 21. I explain class conflicts in this period in terms of interaction between essentially similar industrial and agrarian economies with the variety provided primarily by political crystallizations and to a lesser extent by the structure of working-class communities.