cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling analysts in managed services for CRM analytics

Data analytics tools and frameworks abound, yet rapid deployment of analytics solutions that deliver actionable insights from business data remains a challenge. The primary reason is that on-field practitioners are required to be both technically proficient and knowledgeable about the business. The recent abundance of unstructured business data has thrown up new opportunities for analytics, but has also multiplied the deployment challenge, since interpretation of concepts derived from textual sources require a deep understanding of the business. In such a scenario, a managed service for analytics comes up as the best alternative. A managed analytics service is centered around a business analyst who acts as a liaison between the business and the technology. This calls for new tools that assist the analyst to be efficient in the tasks that she needs to execute. Also, the analytics needs to be repeatable, in that the delivered insights should not depend heavily on the expertise of specific analysts. These factors lead us to identify new areas that open up for KDD research in terms of 'time-to-insight' and repeatability for these analysts. We present our analytics framework in the form of a managed service offering for CRM analytics. We describe different analyst-centric tools using a case study from real-life engagements and demonstrate their effectiveness.
Intercellular communications in multispecies oral microbial communities

The oral cavity contains more than 700 microbial species that are engaged in extensive cell-cell interactions. These interactions contribute to the formation of highly structured multispecies communities, allow them to perform physiological functions, and induce synergistic pathogenesis. Co-adhesion between oral microbial species influences their colonization of oral cavity and effectuates, to a large extent, the temporal and spatial formation of highly organized polymicrobial community architecture. Individual species also compete and collaborate with other neighboring species through metabolic interactions, which not only modify the local microenvironment such as pH and the amount of oxygen, making it more suitable for the growth of other species, but also provide a metabolic framework for the participating microorganisms by maximizing their potential to extract energy from limited substrates. Direct physical contact of bacterial species with its neighboring co-habitants within microbial community could initiate signaling cascade and achieve modulation of gene expression in accordance with different species it is in contact with. In addition to communication through cell-cell contact, quorum sensing (QS) mediated by small signaling molecules such as competence-stimulating peptides (CSPs) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), plays essential roles in bacterial physiology and ecology. This review will summarize the evidence that oral microbes participate in intercellular communications with co-inhabitants through cell contact-dependent physical interactions, metabolic interdependencies, as well as coordinative signaling systems to establish and maintain balanced microbial communities.
Glycosaminoglycans: Their distribution and potential vasoactive action in the nonpregnant and pregnant ovine uterus

The effects of direct uterine artery infusions of glucosamine-hydrochloric acid, dextrose, and mannitol were evaluated in ewes that had undergone oophorectomy. Glucosamine-hydrochloric acid caused a prompt dose-related increase in uterine blood flow which approximated uterine blood flow rates induced by estradiol. Infusions of dextrose caused similar but transient vasodilatation, whereas infusions of mannitol had no effect. The glycosaminoglycans content of endometrium, myometrium, and caruncles/cotyledons (placentomes) was measured in nonpregnant and early pregnant ewes between 19 and 45 days' gestation. In endometrium and myometrium, total hexosamine levels were similar in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. In the placentomes, total hexosamine levels increased steadily after 20 to 25 days' gestation. The hyaluronic acid fraction of total glycosaminoglycans hexosamine increased similarly and paralleled the total hexosamine levels. Galactosamine levels were unchanged in all tissues. It is postulated that a function of Wharton's jelly may be to provide the mechanism for shunting of uterine blood flow to the ovine placentomes.
Behavior Mechanism 2: Charges, Attention and Actions

In this chapter we will discuss the existence of life goals and their mechanism of ideal setting and evaluations. The mechanism leads to dynamic charge structures which not only dictate our attention allocation of time, but also command the action to be taken. This part of the behavior mechanism is related to how our mind works. We shall use four hypotheses in four sections to summarize the main concepts. At the end of this chapter, we also summarize the entire eight hypotheses and offer some interesting human behavior for the reader to integrate the behavior mechanism.
Does measurement of four-limb blood pressures at birth improve detection of aortic arch anomalies?

Does measurement of four-limb blood pressures at birth improve detection of aortic arch anomalies?
Detection of change in the spatiotemporal mean function

Summary The paper develops inferential methodology for detecting a change in the annual pattern of an environmental variable measured at fixed locations in a spatial region. Using a framework built on functional data analysis, we model observations as a collection of function-valued time sequences available at many sites. Each sequence is modelled as an annual mean function, which may change, plus a sequence of error functions, which are spatially correlated. The tests statistics extend the cumulative sum paradigm to this more complex setting. Their asymptotic distributions are not parameter free because of the spatial dependence but can be effectively approximated by Monte Carlo simulations. The new methodology is applied to precipitation data. Its finite sample performance is assessed by a simulation study.
MantaRay: A novel autonomous sampling instrument for in situ measurements of environmental microplastic particle concentrations

Presented here is the initial hardware and software design of a prototype autonomous microplastic sampling instrument. Microplastics are defined as particles of plastic < 5 mm greatest dimension. They are becoming pervasive in the world ocean due to anthropogenic pollution. The ocean has spatially variable concentrations of surface microplastics, so attempting to identify trends in global dispersal patterns is difficult and expensive using current research techniques. Understanding the global dispersion patterns and degradation rates of microplastics will help to uncover the associated human and ecosystem impacts. A novel low-cost oceanographic sensor has been developed that can determine the concentration of marine microplastics over large spatial areas. This sensor can remove plastic particulates from seawater and archive them for later analysis, determine microplastic concentrations for 28 discrete samples recording GPS position, and simultaneously measure salinity and water temperature. This sensor has been designed around the open-source Arduino platform, allowing for maximum implementation of additional sensors and systems in future prototypes. The MantaRay sensor can be implemented on a drifter, mooring, or Autonomous Underwater Vehicle to gather diverse data on the dispersion of microplastics. This sensor could drastically cut research costs associated with studying deep-sea microplastic concentrations and increase our understanding of plastic dispersion and degradation rates in marine ecosystems.
Understanding TBI in Our Nation's Military and Veterans: Its Occurrence, Identification and Treatment, and Legal Ramifications

Department of Defense data reveals that of those who served in the U.S. Military from 2000 through 2011, 235,046 service members (4.2% of the 5,603,720 who served in the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps) were diagnosed with a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Because of the high prevalence of exposure to explosive devices, TBI has been labeled a “signature injury” of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Adding to the unique nature of combat-induced TBI is the occurrence of commingling posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD). Because servicemembers’ exposure to events and comorbidities may differ significantly from civilian experiences of TBI, for instance sports injuries, it is important to understand the ramification of this condition for our military. A failure of the Department of Defense (DoD) or Veterans Affairs (VA) to adequately diagnose or treat this condition can lead to significant concerns for servicemembers, including legal ramifications and a denial of treatment or benefits for TBI. In order to offer background to the discussion of TBI in our military veterans, Part I of this article will give a brief overview of TBI, in particular mild TBI. Part II will discuss the issue of the comorbidity of other conditions with military members’ TBI, to include PTSD. Part III will provide information on how the DoD and the VA evaluate and treat this condition in our servicemembers and veterans. Part IV will discuss why the recognition of potential symptoms or mild TBI in our servicemembers and veterans is important for many reasons, to include the ability to receive healthcare and benefits from the VA.
Modeling transfers of unpaid resources by age and sex within the framework of input-output models

This article discusses estimates of time transfers, by age and sex, related to informal childcare and adult care in the United States. Matrices of time transfers estimated from the American Time Use Study (2011-2013) are used to evaluate structural patterns of inequality in time flows by age and sex, and as input for a model of time transfers based on input-output theory. The results indicate that: i) patterns of transfers are unevenly distributed across the life course; ii) the largest flows are downwards, from parents to young children and, secondly, from grandparents to grandchildren, with notable sex differences; iii) a substantial amount of time transfers are intra-generational, to spouses; iv) changes in demand for time from the elderly have a strong leverage on the overall pattern of time flows: doubling the number of people 75 years and older in the US would lead, all else constant, to an increase in total time production that is about 12 times bigger than what would result from doubling the population size in the age group 25-39 years. Emilio ZAGHENI, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Washington, USA. E-mail: emilioz@uw.edu .
House-to-House and School Lameness Surveys in Cameroon: A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating the Prevalence and Annual Incidence of Paralytic Poliomyelitis

House-to-house and school lameness surveys were conducted in one urban and two rural regions of the United Republic of Cameroon. As in many other African nations, estimates of annual incidence by survey were significantly higher than those established by routine surveillance, and >80% of all cases of paralysis were found to have occurred in children younger than 36 months of age. House-to-house surveys were more than six times more costly than school surveys and undoubtedly gave annual incidence rates closer to true rates. The value of the less costly school survey should not be overlooked, however, if base-line data are required at frequent intervals for use in the evaluation of control measures. In 1979 the Ministry of Health of the United Republic of Cameroon, a coastal nation in central Africa, examined lameness among children in three geographically different regions [1]. The three regions studied varied in both population density, from 90, and in geography, from tropical rain forest at sea level to grassland plateau at 2,500 m.
Normal Incidence Impedance Measurement at Elevated Temperatures

An impedance tube, with an associated data analysis method, was developed that allowed the measurement of impedance of acoustic samples at elevated temperatures. The traditional two-microphone impedance tube method was combined with a finite element model that transfers impedance from a transition plane to the sample across a known temperature profile within the impedance tube. This impedance measurement method was validated at room temperature by comparing the results with predicted impedance from empirically based impedance models and with impedance measurements in a standard traversing microphone impedance tube. Impedance for four samples was measured at elevated temperatures, and the results were compared to room temperature measurements. For two of the samples, the impedances measured at elevated temperatures were compared to the results of extensions of room temperature empirical models, confirming the trend of the results of the elevated temperature measurements. Finally, this work examined uncertainty in measured impedance due to uncertainty in the definition of the temperature profile in the air within the impedance tube.
Determination of agglomerate strength distributions

Abstract A characterization technique has been developed to quantitatively determine agglomerate strength distributions in bulk powders. This technique may be used throughout a powder processing procedure to determine the source of agglomeration, as well as an aid in the elimination of these agglomerates by helping the user to understand the nature of the interparticle bonds. Quantitative strength distributions are determined via exposure of a powder dispersion to a calibrated ultrasonic field and following the ensuing changes in the dispersion via particle size analysis. The ultrasonic field calibration method, developed by Ciftcioglu et al. , was examined to ascertain its quantitative ability. Difficulties encountered with the calibration method are discussed at length and suggestions made for its applicability and use.
Variation in susceptibility to experimental dermatomycosis in genetic strains of Mice, III. Some comparisons of the susceptibility of conventional and gnotobiotic lines of the I.C.R. strain to Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

A comparison is made of the results ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes-inoculations onto conventionally-reared and gnotobiotic I.C.R. strain Swiss white mice. It appears that the method of inoculationsite preparation has a decided effect on lesion development, since the mechanical removal of hair with scissors resulted in lesion formation, whereas in the experiments using a surgical depilatory, no lesions were formed. The preliminary studies on the role of the allergic reaction in dermatomycotic pathogenesis indicate that more than three exposures to inocula which contained approximately 225,000 infective units (spores or mycelial fragments) are necessary for lesions to be produced in gnotobiotes. They also suggest that two such exposures toT. mentagrophytes do not sensitize the animal toMicrosporon gypseum.
Performance of an IGCC Plant with Carbon Capture and Coal-CO2-Slurry Feed: Impact of Coal Rank, Slurry Loading, and Syngas Cooling Technology

The high heat capacity and latent enthalpy of vaporization of water lead to a low gasification efficiency in gasifiers fed with coal-water slurry. Liquid carbon dioxide, CO2(l), has been suggested ...
Exploring Character Strengths: Forging a Relationship between Nursing Students and Community Youth.

Edited byJacquelyn H. Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAANUniversity of California, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, USAEdited byJanna Lesser, RN, PhDUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San...
Free breathing three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance using outer volume suppressed projection navigators.

PURPOSE To develop a three-dimensional, free-breathing, late gadolinium enhancement (3D FB-LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique, and to compare it with clinically used two-dimensional breath-hold LGE (2D BH-LGE). METHODS The proposed 3D FB-LGE method consisted of inversion preparation, inversion delay, fat saturation, outer volume suppression, one-dimensional projection navigators, and a segmented stack of spirals acquisition. The 3D FB-LGE and 2D BH-LGE scans were performed on 29 cardiac patients. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis (in patients with scar) were performed. RESULTS No significant differences were noted between the 3D FB-LGE and 2D BH-LGE data sets in terms of overall image quality score (2D: 4.69 ± 0.60 versus 3D: 4.55 ± 0.51, P = 0.46) and image artifact score (2D: 1.10 ± 0.31 versus 3D: 1.17 ± 0.38; P = 0.63). The average difference in fractional scar volume between the 3D and 2D methods was 1.9% (n = 5). Acquisition time was significantly shorter for the 3D FB-LGE over 2D BH-LGE by a factor of 2.83 ± 0.77 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The 3D FB-LGE is a viable option for patients, particularly in acute settings or in patients who are unable to comply with breath-hold instructions. Magn Reson Med 77:1533-1543, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Ebola Virus Disease Candidate Vaccines Under Evaluation in Clinical Trials

Filoviruses are the etiological agents of two human illnesses: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease. Until 2013, medical countermeasure development against these afflictions was limited to only a few research institutes worldwide as both infections were considered exotic due to very low case numbers. Together with the high case-fatality rate of both diseases, evaluation of any candidate countermeasure in properly controlled clinical trials seemed impossible. However, in 2013, Ebola virus was identified as the etiological agent of a large disease outbreak in Western Africa including almost 30,000 infections and more than 11,000 deaths, including case exportations to Europe and North America. These large case numbers resulted in medical countermeasure development against Ebola virus disease becoming a global public-health priority. This review summarizes the status quo of candidate vaccines against Ebola virus disease, with a focus on those that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
A Conversational Mode for Direct Numerical Machine Tool Control

A direct numerical control metal processing facility using a 12-K minicomputer and peripheral equipment is described. The conversational computer language FOCAL has been expanded to include various machine tool performance commands which are applied to manufacturing equipment from a standard input terminal. Examples are presented of two- and three-dimensional contours to illustrate the simplicity of programming for a conversational mode.
Hidden Genes Genetic Algorithms for Systems Architecture Optimization

The concept of hidden genes was recently introduced in genetic algorithms to handle variable-size design space optimization problems. This paper presents new developments in hidden genes genetic algorithms. Mechanisms for assigning (selecting) the hidden genes in the chromosomes of genetic algorithms are presented. In the proposed mechanisms, a tag is assigned for each gene; this tag determines whether the gene is hidden or not, while they evolve over generations using stochastic operations. These mechanisms are tested on mathematical optimization problems and on a trajectory optimization problem for a space mission to Jupiter. In the conducted tests, one of the proposed hidden genes assignment mechanism has enabled the hidden genes genetic algorithms to find better (lower cost) solutions, while other mechanisms has shown to be able to find close solutions.
Digitizing Disclosure: The Case of Restaurant Hygiene Scores

Restaurant hygiene scores have become a success story of public disclosure of government inspections. Disclosing hygiene scores has the potential to be a powerful market mechanism that can help consumers make better decisions while also creating incentives for restaurants to improve their performance. Yet in most cities, hygiene scores go unnoticed on government websites with no standardized format across cities. This paper documents the design and implementation of an initiative to digitize hygiene score disclosure and analyzed its impact on consumer demand and restaurant hygiene performance. The initiative aims at increasing awareness of hygiene by leveraging digital platforms where consumers are already looking for restaurant information.
Abstract 3832: Optimization strategy for fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry tissue staining

Introduction: Recent insights into the tumor microenvironment have fueled the need for additional information beyond the one or two phenotypes provided by traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC). As a response, manual and automated fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (fIHC) techniques have been recently developed and accepted by the immuno-oncology space. Fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (fIHC) assays are designed to simultaneously measure multiple biomarkers in tissue sections with visual context that is lost in other methods, such as flow cytometry. Here we describe a novel optimization strategy to achieve quantitative, robust, and specific multiplex fIHC staining results with both manual and automated multiple-color Opal procedures. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of primary tumors were immunostained using Opal™ reagents both manually and on a fully automated Leica BOND RX™ stainer. The impact of different reagent concentrations and quantities were analyzed in respect to signal specificity and robustness, stripping efficiency, signal co-localization, signal to noise, and color separation. Images were acquired on a Vectra 3.0® automated imaging system, and analyzed with inForm® software. Results: The goals of this study were two-fold: -to understand the impact of Opal reagent concentrations/quantities on fluorescent signal intensities acquired from cells within the context of tissue. -to develop an Opal reagent optimization method that yields more consistent, quantitative results from separated and co-localized fluorescent signals. We’ve applied this novel fIHC experimental approach and optimization strategy to Opal monoplex and multiplex assays and explored staining robustness, contextual specificity, staining order independence, and co-localized signal separation. Using the novel optimization strategy, we have achieved optimal staining patterns with improved confidence in the quantitative characteristics of the assay. Tissue sections stained after optimization have exhibited staining order independence and closely align with traditional IHC patterns. Conclusion: This novel optimization strategy, developed for Opal fIHC assays, is more quantitative, improves staining results, and minimizes interference between co-localized biomarkers. Citation Format: Yi zheng, Carla Coltharp, Ryan Dilworth, Linying Liu, Darryn Unfricht, Cliff Hoyt, Milind Rajopadhye, Peter Miller. Optimization strategy for fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry tissue staining [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3832. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3832
Evaluation of global HIV/SIV envelope gp120 RNA structure and evolution within and among infected hosts.

Lentiviral RNA genomes contain structural elements that play critical roles in viral replication. Although structural features of 5′-untranslated regions have been well characterized, attempts to identify important structures in other genomic regions by Selective 2′-Hydroxyl Acylation analyzed by Primer Extension (SHAPE) have led to conflicting structural and mechanistic conclusions. Previous approaches accounted neither for sequence heterogeneity that is ubiquitous in viral populations, nor for selective constraints operating at the protein level. We developed an approach that augments SHAPE with phylogenetic analyses and applied it to investigate structure in coding regions (cRNA) within the HIV and SIV envelope genes. Analysis of single-genome SHAPE data with phylogenetic information from diverse lentiviral sequences argues against the conservation of a putative global gp120 RNA structure but points to the existence of core RNA sub-structures. Our findings establish a framework for considering sequence heterogeneity and protein function in de novo RNA structure inference approaches.
Exploratory Analysis of the Airspace Throughput and Sensitivities of an Urban Air Mobility System

The use of small, vertical-takeoff and landing aircraft to provide efficient, high-speed, ondemand passenger transportation within a metropolitan area (e.g. intra-city transportation) is a topic of increasing interest and investment within the aerospace and transportation communities. Preliminary, mostly vehicle-level analysis suggests that passenger-carrying “Urban Air Mobility” has the potential to provide meaningful door-to-door trip time savings compared to identical trips taken solely by automobile, even for relatively short trips of a few tens of miles. Subsequent analysis has shown that if such trips can be conducted at costs competitive with ground transportation, the demand for such flight operations, not surprisingly, becomes unprecedented by historical airspace operations counts, raising fundamental questions regarding feasibility, practicality, capacity and basic system attributes such as separation criteria. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary assessment of vertipad requirements and en route separation minima relative to the feasibility of large-scale urban aviation operations. This analysis is acknowledged as being far from comprehensive and is intended to help define the initial boundaries of an airspace system compatible with enabling high-volume operations.
Micro- and Nanoemulsions (Controlled Release Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems)

Parenteral emulsions may be utilized to overcome major formulation challenges such as solubilization of poorly aqueous-soluble drugs and/or protection of drugs susceptible to hydrolysis. In addition, they can be used for the purposes of controlled and sustained drug release, drug targeting, and/or reduction of toxic effects to sensitive tissues. Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and do not form spontaneously; however, emulsion stability can be substantially improved using suitable emulsifiers and viscosity enhancing agents. Drug release rates from emulsion systems are determined by both the carrier and the drug characteristics. It is not an easy task to characterize in vitro drug release from emulsions due to the physical obstacles associated with separation of the dispersed and continuous phases; however, various techniques have been successfully used. This chapter ­provides an overview of the physicochemical properties, methods of preparation, stability, and application of emulsion formulations.
Cavity-Backed Archimedean Spiral Antenna with Conical Perturbations for 3U CubeSat Applications [Education Corner]

This article reports the development of a CubeSat antenna for the 2017 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) Student Design Contest by an interdisciplinary team of undergraduate and graduate students from the Electrical and Aerospace Engineering Departments of the University of Alabama. First, as satellites require lineof-sight (LOS) communication with the ground station, a link scenario was created to determine the points of visibility in the CubeSat's orbit. Then, link and power budgets were calculated to determine the specifications for an antenna that is suitable for 3U Cube-Sat applications in the X band (8 GHz) and Ku band (11.2 GHz). To meet the requirements, a cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna (ASA) with quadruple conical perturbations (QCPs) was designed and fabricated.
Cysteine-rich granulin-3 rapidly promotes amyloid-β fibrils in both redox states.

Granulins (GRNs 1 - 7) are cysteine-rich proteolytic products of progranulin (PGRN) that have recently been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Their precise mechanism in these pathologies remains uncertain, but both inflammatory and lysosomal roles have been observed for GRNs. Among the seven GRNs, GRN‑3 is well-characterized and is implicated within the context of FTD. However, the relationship between GRN‑3 and amyloid‑b (Ab), a protein relevant in AD pathology, has not yet been explored. To gain insight into this mechanism, we investigated the effect of both oxidized and reduced GRN‑3 on Ab aggregation and found that both GRN-3 (oxidized) and rGRN-3 (reduced) bind to monomeric and oligomeric Aβ42 to promote rapid fibril formation with subtle rate differences. As low molecular‑weight oligomers of Ab are well‑established neurotoxins, rapid promotion of fibrils by GRN-3 mitigates Aβ42 induced cellular apoptosis. This data provides valuable insights in understanding GRN-39s ability to modulate Aβ-induced toxicity under redox control and presents a new perspective toward AD pathology. These results also propmt further investigation into the role(s) of other granulins9 in AD pathogenesis.
Repeatable part authentication using impedance based analysis for side-channel monitoring

Abstract The rise of the interconnected manufacturing enterprise has extended its vulnerability space to malicious cyber-physical attacks. To improve the resilience of a manufacturing enterprise to cyber-to-physical attacks, a robust set of quality tools for part and process authentication and verification are needed. However, current Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methodologies, which focus on verifying a small subset of geometric features of a part such as its length, width or depth among others, are easier to circumvent by an attacker. This work presents a novel approach to improve the resilience of a manufacturing enterprise via side channels, specifically using electromechanical impedance signatures measured by piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to verify if a part conforms to its design intent. Since electromechanical impedance signatures take into account all geometric features and material characteristics in a holistic manner, they can provide a new class of robust quality metrics that can be used in tandem with traditional NDE methodologies to verify a part or a process. Two major contributions of this work include (1) demonstrate the feasibility of using a PZT mounted to a fixture to facilitate side channel analysis for part authentication and compare its performance to other PZT mounting methods, and (2) develop a new damage metric that properly distinguishes between nominal parts and various altered groups. The results of our study show that using PZTs as a side channel has the potential for part and process authentication in a manufacturing setting. Furthermore, we show that a PZT mounted to a secondary device, such as a fixture, can be used for NDE in a manufacturing setting.
STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN UNIDIRECTIONAL SHEAR FLOW; THEORY

For any incompressible, viscoelastic material describable by an isotropic, one-particle constitutive functional, the rheological behavior in an arbitrary unidirectional shear flow is governed by three functionals ( N 1 , N 2 , and σ) of shear rate s . One of the important current tasks is to develop reliable experimental methods for determining these functional for given polymeric liquids. For this purpose, rectilinear shear flow, though apparently the simplest unidirectional shear flow, is of no use. It cannot be generated in the laboratory, and even if it could, only the traction on the shearing surfaces could be measured; this would give σ but not N 1 and N 2 , for which two other normal components of traction should be determined. Curvilinear shear flow could be used to determine N 1 and N 2 from measured values of spatial distributions of the component of traction normal to shearing surfaces. The curvature of the shear surfaces and shear lines in the presence of nonzero N 1 and/or N 2 can give rise to a spatial variation of an additive isotropic contribution to the stress tensor field that shows up as a nonuniform spatial distribution of the normal component of traction on shearing surfaces, even when the flow history is essentially the same at all particles.
X-ray crystallography-based structural elucidation of enzyme-bound intermediates along the 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose 5-phosphate synthase reaction coordinate.

1-Deoxy- d -xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) uses thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) to convert pyruvate and d -glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ( d -GAP) into 1-deoxy- d -xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP), an essential bacterial metabolite. DXP is not utilized by humans; hence, DXPS has been an attractive antibacterial target. Here, we investigate DXPS from Deinococcus radiodurans (DrDXPS), showing that it has similar kinetic parameters Km d -GAP and Kmpyruvate (54 ± 3 and 11 ± 1 μ m , respectively) and comparable catalytic activity (kcat = 45 ± 2 min−1) with previously studied bacterial DXPS enzymes and employing it to obtain missing structural data on this enzyme family. In particular, we have determined crystallographic snapshots of DrDXPS in two states along the reaction coordinate: a structure of DrDXPS bound to C2α-phosphonolactylThDP (PLThDP), mimicking the native pre-decarboxylation intermediate C2α-lactylThDP (LThDP), and a native post-decarboxylation state with a bound enamine intermediate. The 1.94-A-resolution structure of PLThDP-bound DrDXPS delineates how two active-site histidine residues stabilize the LThDP intermediate. Meanwhile, the 2.40-A-resolution structure of an enamine intermediate-bound DrDXPS reveals how a previously unknown 17-A conformational change removes one of the two histidine residues from the active site, likely triggering LThDP decarboxylation to form the enamine intermediate. These results provide insight into how the bi-substrate enzyme DXPS limits side reactions by arresting the reaction on the less reactive LThDP intermediate when its cosubstrate is absent. They also offer a molecular basis for previous low-resolution experimental observations that correlate decarboxylation of LThDP with protein conformational changes.
Three-Component Sequential Reactions for Polymeric Nanoparticles with Tailorable Core and Surface Functionalities

Summary Efficient strategies for the preparation of nanostructures with tailorable functionalities have implications in enhancing the repertoire of nanomaterials in many applications. Multi-component reactions (MCRs) are very attractive because they are synthetically simple while providing unique access to incorporation of functional groups onto a system. This highly efficient process has not been brought to bear in the preparation of functional polymeric nanostructures. In this paper, we report a three-component sequential reaction that is capable of concurrently functionalizing the core and the surface of the nanoparticles and crosslinking the polymeric assemblies, along with excellent control over size (∼10 nm to ∼1 μm). Variations in core offer the opportunity to optimize the host-guest properties for non-covalent drug encapsulation, while the surface features provide the ability to tune interfacial interactions and achieve organelle targeting in cells. Encapsulation of drug molecules and their triggered release features have been utilized for intracellular drug delivery.
THE SPECIFICITY OF CON A – INDUCED DECREASE IN LYMPHOCYTE POTASSIUM

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the specificity of ConA-induced decrease in lymphocyte potassium. In a study described in the chapter, normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated and were then preloaded with 42K or 22Na by incubating overnight at 37°C to allow full equilibration of labeled and unlabeled ions. The cell suspensions were divided and test substances were added in such a manner as to avoid changes in the specific activity of the labeled medium. After incubation, 1 ml aliquots were separated through a nonaqueous mixture of dibutylphthalate and Apiezon A oil (DBP) in polyethylene tubes spun for 2 min in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge. Cell sample sizes were equal as determined by 3H–H2O, and amount of trapped medium was equal as determined by 14C-polyethylene glycol. To determine if the previously-reported decrease in cell K+ induced by ConA might be because of loss of K+ into the aqueous separation medium (12% sucrose), the K+ contents of cells incubated for 2 h were compared and then simultaneously separated through 12% sucrose and through DBP. ConA induced a decrease in K+, relative to controls, by 11.5 ± 5.1% with 12% sucrose and 17.0 ± 7.2% with DBP. This indicates that the decreased K+ is not an artifact associated with exposure to an aqueous washing medium.
Multi-Cell Interference Management Scheme for Next-Generation Cellular Networks

Inter-cell interference is a major issue for next-generation wireless cellular networks, due to the increased user mobility, high user density, and backhaul bandwidth constraint. In this work, a unified approach is proposed to address these challenges. The proposal firstly performs a per-cell signal spreading by Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, then the spread signal is precoded by a modified coordinated beamforming scheme. The proposal is robust to Doppler caused by user mobility, supports a high co-channel user capacity for ultra-dense networks, and requires only limited backhaul signaling exchange between basestations thus being suitable for massive MIMO deployment. The advantages of the proposal are firstly analyzed in theory, then evaluation results are presented to validate the proposal for MIMO and massive MIMO setups. It is found that the proposed scheme consistently outperforms the traditional scheme under various scenarios. The practical issues related to synchronization in coordinated beamforming are discussed.
Sensors in Mobile Devices Knowledge Base

Multiple sensors are incorporated in modern mobile devices. The ubiquity of these mobile devices with a wide range of embedded sensors enables developing new types of sensor networks and novel applications. However, more often than not, users are unaware of the sensor quality in their devices. With the goal of facilitating closer collaboration between sensor developers and users' communities, we developed a knowledge base that contains various characteristics of sensors embedded into mobile devices and their quality analysis. In our novel analysis, we fused both sensor and mobile device characteristics to produce integral sensor quality indicators. Machine learning and clustering techniques were employed. To validate our approach, we collected comprehensive information about sensors currently embedded in more than 9000 mobile devices and analyzed them. We made this knowledge base and evaluation results available to the community. Also, an Android OS-based application that evaluates the quality of sensors in a particular device and provides recommendations on their use was developed and presented for community use. Examples of possible knowledge base applications are given.
Abstract P229: Benefits of Tai Chi Exercise Among Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Regular exercise is beneficial for adults with chronic heart failure (CHF). Tai Chi is popular among older adults and may offer additional exercise options for those with CHF. Objective...
Evolution of symbiont transmission in conditional mutualisms in spatially and temporally variable environments

Symbiotic relationships affect the fitness and organismal function of virtually all organisms. In many cases, the fitness effects of symbiosis may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment. The hosts of such symbionts are favored to acquire them only when the symbiont is beneficial. However, it is not clear whether such selection favors vertical or horizontal transmission, both, or neither. To address this question, we model the evolution of transmission mode in a conditional mutualism experiencing spatial and temporal environmental variation. We find that when symbionts affect host lifespan, but not fecundity, horizontal transmission can contain them to beneficial environments. Vertical transmission can produce symbiont containment when the environmental state is synchronized across locations. We also find an emergent trade-off between horizontal and vertical transmission, suggesting that physiological constraints are not required for the evolution of limits on the total amount of transmission.
Science Faculty’s Support for Underrepresented Students: Building Science Capital

Despite underrepresentation patterns in women minorities in STEM fields, a growing number are completing degrees. Exploring factors which serve as contributors to success in science are critical to broaden participation. STEM college faculty can serve as key contributors to the success of these students and exploring ways that faculty support their students is important. This study aimed to understand ways that science faculty from a Northeast University believed they supported underrepresented students. Utilizing semi-structured interviews, six faculty and one advisor identified the critical factors that fostered success in their students. Using thematic analysis, key themes included the value of advising, mentoring, and networking; the importance of a supportive inviting environment; and targeted support programs as the salient factors. These factors align with current research but suggest that many college science faculty are not providing these resources for their students. While only a small sample, this study adds to the scant literature exploring how faculty provide support for underrepresented students in science.
The Indian Onion Crisis: Agricultural Pricing Policy and State Legitimacy

This paper explores the relationship between agricultural pricing policy and state legitimacy in India through a case study of the onion crisis that began in 2010. It places the government’s respon...
Family-based treatment program contributors to child weight loss.

Multicomponent family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) program for pediatric obesity includes nutrition and physical activity education, as well as behavior therapy techniques. Studies suggest that parent weight loss is the best predictor of child weight loss in FBT. However, given the important role that parents play in the implementation of FBT for their child, isolating the effects of specific FBT treatment component requires consideration of parent influences over time. The following treatment components were assessed: stimulus control (high/low-fat food items in home), nutrition knowledge, energy intake, physical activity, and parental monitoring, as well as weekly anthropometric measures. Adjusted models of interest using inverse probability weights were used to evaluate the effect of specific FBT components on time-varying child weight loss rate, adjusting for time-varying influence of parent weight loss. One hundred thirty-seven parent–child dyads (CHILD: mean BMI = 26.4 (3.7) and BMIz = 2.0 (0.3); mean age = 10.4 (1.3); 64.1% female; ADULT: mean BMI = 31.9 (6.3); mean age = 42.9 (6.5); 30.1% Hispanic parents; 87.1% female) participated in an FBT program. In traditional model, adult BMI change (b = 0.08; p 0.1). In models that accounted for potential influences from parental weight loss and differential attendance during treatment period, lower availability of high-fat items (b = 1.10, p < 0.02), higher availability of low-fat items (b = 3.73; p < 0.01), and higher scores on parental monitoring practices (b = 1.10, p < 0.01) were associated with greater rates of weight loss, respectively. Results suggest that outside of parent weight change, changes in stimulus control strategies at home and improved parental-monitoring practices are important FBT components for child weight loss.
Psychological need-supportive instruction improves novel skill performance, intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment: a cluster-randomised study

This study aimed, first, to test the efficacy of the self-determination theory -centred need-supportive instruction on motivation, novel skill performance, enjoyment, and state anxiety, and second,...
Soil-aged nano titanium dioxide effects on full-grown carrot: Dose and surface-coating dependent improvements on growth and nutrient quality.

Abstract Rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) were weathered in field soil at 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg Ti/kg soil for four months. Two types of nTiO2 with different surface coatings (hydrophilic and hydrophobic), uncoated nTiO2 (pristine), and the untreated control were included. Thereafter, carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.) were sown in those soils and grown in a growth chamber for 115 days until full maturity. A comparison was made between this and our previous unaged study, where carrots were treated in the same way in soil with freshly amended nTiO2. The responses of plants depended on the nTiO2 surface coating and concentration. The aged hydrophobic and hydrophilic-coated nTiO2 induced more positive effects on plant development at 400 and 100 mg Ti/kg soil, respectively, compared with control and pristine treatments. Taproot and leaf fresh biomass and plant height were improved by up to 64%, 40%, and 40% compared with control, respectively. Meanwhile, nutrient elements such as Fe in leaves, Mg in taproots, and Ca, Zn, and K in roots were enhanced by up to 66%, 64%, 41, 143% and 46%, respectively. However, the contents of sugar, starch, and some other metal elements in taproots were negatively affected, which may compromise their nutritional quality. Taken together, the overall growth of carrots was benefited by the aged nTiO2 depending on coating and concentration. The aging process served as a potential sustainable strategy to alleviate the phytotoxicity of unweathered nanoparticles.
Students' Collective Memory to Recall An Examination.

Objective. To validate a faculty observation and determine the extent to which students can recreate a recently completed examination from memory. Methods. After two mid-term examinations, students were asked, as a class, to recreate recently completed examinations. Students were given 48 hours to recreate the examination, including details about the questions and answer choices. For accuracy and extent of reproduction, the results were compared to the original examination version. Results. The students were able to collectively recreate 90% of questions on the two examinations. For most questions (51%), students also recreated the question in combination with a correct response and at least one incorrect response. A large majority of the questions recreated were considered medium to high accuracy as they contained detailed phrasing that aligned with the original question on the examination. Conclusion. The collective memory of a group of students allows them to recreate almost an entire completed examination from memory. Based on the findings of the study and tenets of social psychology, we discuss the potential implications for examination security, providing feedback on examinations, and whether completed examinations should be released to students following the examination.