cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Preventive Services, Utilization of

This entry focuses on the use of preventive mental health services. Preventive mental health services are used prior to the onset of a mental illness in an effort to eliminate and reduce the burden of these types of illness. Since the 1980s, the development of these services has grown alongside major advances in the scientific understanding of the brain, and has primarily consisted of research on potential biomedical treatments with the hope that they may prevent future episodes of an already diagnosed illness. Keywords: health behavior; health care; mental health
Mis-Information at the Heart of the University: Why Administrators Should Take Libraries More Seriously

Major university research library systems are complex organizations made up of at least three types of library entities -- the central library, the department/school library, and the professional school library. Are these libraries cost centers or value centers? The voices of all three types of libraries should be heard for their perspectives when determining the future of the university library system with respect to this basic question. Otherwise, the competitive future of the university and its key programs may be put at risk. Knowing the core businesses of the university and how the library can best serve its fundamental purpose is essential.
Paraesophageal Hernia: A Life-Threatening Disease

Abstract Thirty-one patients with paraesophageal hernia were studied, and their treacherous clinical course and complications are emphasized. Ten patients had acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 9 had obstruction, and 2 had perforation. Primary repair was done for 28 patients. Two esophagogastric resections were undertaken for irreversible ischemia and perforation. One patient had closure of the perforation and hernia repair. There were 2 operative deaths, both of which were related to complications of this disease (obstruction, perforation, and mediastinitis). Paraesophageal hernia must be repaired promptly to alleviate symptoms and to prevent serious complications.
Effect of Dietary Intervention on Prostate Tumor Development in TRAMP Mice

Abstract : Prospective epidemiological studies indicate that as body weight and/or energy intake increase so does the risk for prostate cancer. In rodent studies chronic calorie restriction in associated with extended life expectancy and decreased incidence of malignancies. A protective effect of energy restriction on development of spontaneous prostate tumors in Lobund-Wistar rats and tumors developing from transplanted prostate tumor tissue cells in mice and rats have been published, but a mechanism of action has not been identified. Recent introduction of the TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mouse provides a model that shares characteristics with human prostate cancer. Here, TRAMP mice are being used to evaluate their response to chronic and intermittent calorie restriction. The insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis is being investigated to determine if it is involved in this protective process. Presently, we are following ad libitum-fed, intermittent-restricted and chronic restricted TRAMP mice in a longitudinal study to determine prostate cancer incidence, latency and metastasis rate. A 25% reduction in caloric intake is being utilized. Mice also are being enrolled in a cross-sectional protocol. Results will determine if the manner of caloric restriction modulates its protective action and possibly identify a metabolic pathway to target for prevention and/treatment strategies.
Voltage sag mitigation through ridethrough coordination

The voltage sags/dips impact on industrial processes can be mitigated using ridethrough coordination. The utility predicted for the new plant site: the depth, duration and number of expected sags; and the number of expected outages. The predictions were provided so they could be included in the new machinery quotations. Because the ridethrough predictions for the machinery at the new plant site were known up front and site specific, mitigating the effects of voltage sag could be built into the machinery and did not necessarily require UPS type equipment. Management weighed additional purchase cost with long term downtime cost based on the machine vs. utility specifications and selected the best economic alternative. >
Notes on the Method of World-System Biography

C. Wright Mills boiled the social sciences down to one sentence: “They are attempts to help us understand biography and history, and the connections between the two in a variety of social structures.” This special issue considers biography as an fruitful entry point into macro-historical sociology. With lineages from Marx and Weber to Wallerstein and Bourdieu, the sociology of the individual can produce a clearer path between the muddy oppositions of structure and agency or the longue duree and the event. This special issue unbinds biography from methodological nationalism and the teleology of great men tales. Instead, we aim to show how individuals are "a world within a world," an acting subject structured within world historical time and place.
A β-Carboline Alkaloid from the Papua New Guinea Marine Sponge Hyrtios reticulatus

A new 1-imidazoyl-3-carboxy-6-hydroxy-β-carboline alkaloid, named hyrtiocarboline (1), was isolated from a Papua New Guinea marine sponge Hyrtios reticulatus. The structure was elucidated from spectroscopic data, including 1H-15N HMBC NMR experiments that provided complementary 15N chemical shift information in support of the structure. This compound showed selective anti-proliferative activity against H522-T1 non-small cell lung, MDA-MB-435 melanoma, and U937 lymphoma cancer cell lines.
Ant tunneling—a granular media perspective

Laboratory and field data show that the digging habits of ants and the resulting nest architecture vary with soil conditions, yet, the geomechanical understanding of ant tunneling is lacking. We study the excavation strategies used by harvester ants in clay, silt, sand, and gravel at water contents that range from dry to saturated. The study focuses on the conditions at the tunnel face that determine particle removal methods, digging rate, the development of branches, and tunneling patterns. Analytical and numerical models provide particle-level insight into the experimental observations and help identify the causal links that relate ants digging performance and nest geometric patterns with the properties of the granular medium such as grain size, moisture, and packing density. Results highlight ants’ exceptional ability to sense the prevailing geomechanical conditions in tunnels, and to adapt excavation strategies, transport methods and tunneling patterns to those conditions, within their inherent size and strength limitations. The resulting tunnel structure emerges as a mechanically-convenient and energy-efficient topology based on local information gather by ants along the tunnel and at the tunnel face.
Online training on a budget of support vector machines using twin prototypes

This paper proposes twin prototype support vector machine (TVM), a constant space and sublinear time support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for online learning. TVM achieves its favorable scaling by memorizing only a fixed-size data summary in the form of example prototypes and their associated information during training. In addition, TVM guarantees that the optimal SVM solution is maintained on all prototypes at any time. To maximize the accuracy of TVM, prototypes are constructed to approximate the data distribution near the decision boundary. Given a new training example, TVM is updated in three steps. First, the new example is added as a new prototype if it is near the decision boundary. If this happens, to maintain the budget, either the prototype farthest away from the decision boundary is removed or two near prototypes are selected and merged into a single one. Finally, TVM is updated by incremental and decremental techniques to account for the change. Several methods for prototype merging were proposed and experimentally evaluated. TVM algorithms with hinge loss and ramp loss were implemented and thoroughly tested on 12 large datasets. In most cases, the accuracy of low-budget TVMs was comparable with the resource-unconstrained SVMs. Additionally, the TVM accuracy was substantially larger than that of SVM trained on a random sample of the same size. Even larger difference in accuracy was observed when comparing with Forgetron, a popular budgeted kernel perceptron algorithm. As expected, the difference in accuracy between hinge loss and ramp loss TVM was negligible and hinge loss version is preferable due to its lower computational cost. The results illustrate that highly accurate online SVMs could be trained from arbitrary large data streams using devices with severely limited memory budgets. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 149-169, 2010
Partition theorems related to the Rogers-Ramanujan identities

Abstract In this paper a partition theorem is proved which contains the Rogers-Ramanujan identities and Euler's partition theorem as special cases. Other partition theorems of the Rogers-Ramanujan type are proved.
Factors associated with self-reported back-pain prevalence: A populationdashbased study

Abstract We present a study of demographic factors associated with self-reported back pain prevalence in a populationdashbased study. Study variables were age, gender, occupation, physical demand of occupation, income, education and marital status. Crude associations of the independent variables and reported back pain were in general agreement with other cross-sectional studies. Multiway contingency tables and multivariate models were employed for further analyses. When we controlled each of the other variables, only gender, education and marital status remained strongly associated with reported back pain. Using these three variables plus age, we developed regression models for the prediction of back pain and identified a steep gradient of prevalence: the highest prevalence (44–46%) was in no-longer-married women aged 50–64, regardless of education, while the lowest prevalence (9–11%) was in men who were married and had greater than a high school education. Because the models employ only census-type variables, they should be easy to validate or use to predict back pain prevalence in other populations.
Consumer behavior in global markets: the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm and its application to eastern Europe and the Third World

Consumer behavior in international markets is a topic that is still not well understood. Proposes a framework, called the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm. Suggests that a marketer examine four stages – access, buying behavior, consumption characteristics, and disposal – covering the entire spectrum of consumer behaviors with respect to a product/service. The paradigm is universally applicable to any particular culture or country of interest. Since there has been no comprehensive examination of consumer behavior in eastern Europe and the Third World, focusses on using the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm to gain a better insight into consumer behavior in these countries. Offers recommendations to companies wishing to market their products in these countries.
High energy and high power density electrochemical capacitors

Abstract High energy density electrochemical capacitors were built with a newly discovered electrode material (amorphous RuO 2 · x H 2 O). Energy densities as high as 96 J/g (26 Wh/kg) were obtained based on the RuO 2 · x H 2 O electrode material alone. However, the power density of the capacitor is low. By mixing RuO 2 · x H 2 O powders with about 20% weight of carbon black, power densities greater than 10 kW/kg could be achieved at a delivered energy density of about 72 J/g (20 Wh/kg). Capacitance as a function of cycle life was studied for up to 60 000 cycles. The temperature dependence of capacitance and resistance of the capacitor are also reported in this paper.
Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis after short-term heat treatment in etiolated pea stems

Incubation of plant tissues at a constant elevated temperature greatly inhibits both basal and wound ethylene production. However, recovery from heat treatment is relatively rapid and is followed by stimulated ethylene production. The present investigation examines the kinetics of ethylene production after short-term heal treatment and the regulation of heat-altered ethylene production. Subapical stem segments of 7-day-old etiolated pea L. cv. Alaska) seedlings were analyzed for ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidation, and ACC and l-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (MACC) content after a 2-min 40°C heat pulse. The short-term heat pulse transiently inhibited ethylene production and ACC oxidation accompanied by a slight ACC accumulation within a 30-min time period. Conjugation to MACC did not appear to play an integral role in heat-regulated ethylene production. It was concluded that the major factor affecting ethylene production after heat treatment is the temporary inactivation of ACC oxidation. The possible roles of ACC synthase, ACC oxidase and lipoxygenase in regulating ethylene production after heat treatment are discussed.
Women's images of midlife: Observations from the seattle midlife women's health study

Our purpose in conducting this study was to determine how a cohort of women born between 1935 and 1955 defined midlife, and what midlife events they viewed as important, distressing, and satisfying. A random sample of women enrolled in the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study (n = 131) participated in a telephone interview about the meaning of midlife and important events occurring during the past year. They described midlife similarly to women from earlier birth cohorts with one important exception: the centrality of work and personal achievements in their lives. Contemporary midlife women's views of midlife reflect their roles in society.
Crystallographic characterization of the esterification pathway of Group V alkoxides

Abstract The products isolated from the stoichiometric reaction mixtures of [M(μ-OEt)(ONep)4]2 where M=Nb (1) or Ta (2) and ONep=OCH2CMe3, and a series of sterically demanding carboxylic acids (HORc where ORc=O2CCMe3 (OBc) or O2CCH2CMe3 (ONc)) led to the isolation and characterization of a new family of compounds at varied degrees of esterification. The number of oxo ligands formed from the esterification pathway was found to be dictated by the temperature of the reaction mixture, as well as the steric bulk of the carboxylate ligand. For the Nb systems, independent of the temperature of the reaction, [Nb(μ-OBc)(ONep)3]2(μ-O) (3) and [Nb2(μ-O)2(μ-ONc)2(ONep)4]2 (4) were isolated. For the room temperature reactions of the Ta systems, [Ta(μ-OBc)(ONep)3]2(μ-O) (5) and [Ta(μ-ONc)(ONep)4]2 (6) were formed but upon heating, [Ta2(μ-O)2(μ-OBc)2(ONep)4]2 (7) and [Ta(μ-ONc)(ONep)3]2(μ-O) (8) were isolated. [Ta2(μ-O)2(μ-ONc)2(ONep)4]2 (9) was also identified from a concentrated heated reaction mixture of 2 and HONc. The arrangements observed for 3, 5, 6, and 8 were dinuclear symmetric structures, wherein each metal was isolated in an octahedral (Oh) geometry with bridging ORc ligands. For 3, 5, and 8, an oxo ligand bridges the two metal centers which was not observed for 6. For 4, 7, and 9 the general structure consists of two “M2(μ-O)2(μ-ORc)2(ONep)4” moieties that are linked by oxo ligands forming an [MO]4 eight-member ring as the central core. Each Oh bound metal center possesses two bridging ORc and two terminal ONep ligands. Compounds 3–8 were further characterized by solid-state MAS NMR wherein the bulk powders are in agreement with the single crystal structures. Solution NMR studies indicated that the solid-state arrangements are retained in solution. Combined, the structural information garnered from these compounds define the step-wise esterification mechanism of Group V metal alkoxides.
Massive Collapse (Atelectasis) of the Lung, With a Case Report

Excerpt History. While W. Pasteur (1 2 3) has been given credit for first describing massive pulmonary collapse as it is now understood, a review of the literature reveals the fact that the study o...
To Be or Not To Be?—China's Cultural Policy and Counterhegemony Strategy Toward Global Hollywood from 1994 to 2000

Abstract The study critically reviews China's cultural policy and counterhegemony strategy against global Hollywood from 1994 to 2000. The central argument is that the Chinese government's strategy of using the so-called main melody propagandistic films to battle against Hollywood from 1994 to 2000 is ineffective in terms of film market recouped and quality films produced, but may be considered partially successful in terms of the technological renovation of film exhibition infrastructure. The reason lies in the conflict between a planned production and a market demand, plus an ambivalent explanation of the function of the film industry and an unclear definition of the cultural policy. This conflict not only speaks to the complexity of global-local interplay, but also reflects the fundamental dilemma of China's “one-party market economy” (Kahn, 2002, ¶ 2), and its contradictory perspective on globalization. The study also revisits the thesis of “cultural imperialism” and calls for a more synthesized way t...
3D processing of range image data for vision applications in manufacturing

3D data present pertinent information about geometrical features of an object. It has been a classical approach that image data acquired by range sensors are processed as traditional 2.5D images. Range data have rich information that needs some special treatment in order to fully understand and utilize them. In this report, two case studies are presented to investigate the 3D aspects of range data and applied them to solve practical problems in manufacturing environment. The first case is the classical `pick and place' problem where the range data were taken on the holding rack of car doors and there is a need to identify multiple holding points accurately, with the rack almost taking entire field of view and traditional image processing approach invalid. The second case is the range data correction and sub-pixel patch with large field of view. The applications are in automated quality assessment. Two approaches are from different vision solutions with one objective that is to process range image data with 3D representation instead of that of traditional 2.5D.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Geospatial Concept Understanding and Recognition in G6–College Students: A Preliminary Argument for Minimal GIS

Abstract As geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly implemented in K–12 classrooms, the risk becomes one of teaching “buttonlogy” or simply how to point and click to complete certain functions. Through the development of a geospatial concept lexicon and corresponding geospatial task ontology along with simple concept-based tasks completed by students in different grade levels, this research has illuminated grade-related differences in geospatial concept recognition and understanding. In these experiments, simple paper and pencil tasks were given to 6th grade, high school, and undergraduate students to provide insight into different levels of concept understanding, specifically in terms of grade-related abilities to comprehend descriptions of spatial relationships. Results indicate significant differences in geospatial concept recognition, understanding, and use among the grade-based participants tested during the course of the project. These results can be used to inform the development of a...
A 40-week male fertility study of the anticancer agent sulofenur (LY186641) administered orally to rats.

Abstract Sulofenur was evaluated for fertility effects on rats. Five-week old male rats (20/group) received 0, 5, 30, or 60 mg Sulofenur/kg/day for 14 weeks. Fertility was evaluated five times. Treated males were mated with untreated females at 10 weeks. Half the males from each group were necropsied after the 14-week treatment period and the remainder were mated four additional times during a 26-week posttreatment period. Following each mating, females were killed on gestation-day 20 and examined for evidence of pregnancy. Six weeks after mating trial 5, the remaining males were necropsied. Testes and epididymides were collected, weighed, and examined microscopically. All rats mated in each mating trial, and all control and low-dose animals were fertile. A significant reduction in fertility occurred in the middle- and high-dose males. This was consistent with testicular hypospermatogenesis in these groups. Fertility recovered in the high-dose group following cessation of treatment, but remained reduced in the middle-dose group. Preimplantation and postimplantation loss in mating trial 1 were higher in the middle-and high-dose groups. Abnormal fetuses were present in the high-dose group in mating trial 3, but not in mating trials 4 or 5. In conclusion, male rats given doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg/day of Sulofenur showed hypospermatogenesis and decreased fertility. Spermatogenesis and fertility recovered in the high-dose group. A dose of 5 mg/kg/day did not produce any effect on testes or fertility.
Modeling Judicial Federalism: Predictors of State Court Protections of Defendants' Rights Under State Constitutions, 1969–1989

Drawing on data collected by Barry Latzer and using a logistic regression model that employs pooled time-series, this article tests a variety of factors for their impact on state high court decisions to diverge from U.S. Supreme Court criminal procedure doctrines from 1969 to 1989. Several factors predict the development of independent state doctrines protective of civil liberties, including popular-vote retention elections and longer terms of office for state court justices, high court reputations, state wealth, and regional distinctions (with western courts most likely to advance individual rights). This study represents only a small step in understanding an area of judicial behavior that has been long ignored in the political science literature.
A new chromosomal abnormality in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia

We report a 15-month-old boy with acute myelomonocytic leukemia [French-American-British classification M4 (FAB-M4)] whose leukemic cells demonstrated a translocation 46,XY, t(9;11)(p24;q12) that has not been described previously.
Dielectric Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Fluid Saturated Bone

The dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of freshly excised and formalin fixed samples of rat femoral bone were determined over a frequency range of 10 Hz-100 MHz. Impedance measurements were performed in the frequency domain using a vector impedance meter and an impedance analyzer. The results of these measurements show that the conductivity of fixed and fresh bone is nearly independent of frequency below 100 kHz, with the conductivity of fresh bone being two to three times greater than that of the fixed sample. At higher frequencies, the conductivity increases as a power function of frequency. The permittivity of bone reaches very high values at low frequencies, but decreases rapidly with increasing frequencies and approaches a limiting value of about ten. This high-frequency limit is consistent with the water content of the tissue, and with the permittivity of the anhydrous matrix. It is suggested that the olarizability observed at audio and radiowave frequencies is in part sssociated with the collagen phase, although other interfacial polarization effects can also be present.
Evolution of aging: Theoretical and practical implications from rattlesnakes

Many reptiles live relatively long lives wherein senescence is postponed to an advanced age. Altering nutrition, reproduction, temperature, and other physiological parameters may favorably contribute to increased life spans. But life spans are also evolved characteristics of populations, and the distinctive longevities also result from selective regimes arising within particular environments. Aging is not favored directly by evolution as a way to clear a population of senescent individuals. Instead, aging is probably an indirect byproduct of selection for early physical vitality. Senescence may result from delayed appearance of deleterious genes later in life (mutation accumulation) or from multiple effects of single genes with overriding favorable effects early but coupled deleterious effects later in life (antagonistic pleiotropy). Both physiological and evolutionary causes contribute to species or even population-specific aging characteristics. Separating environmentally imposed mortality from that attributable to senescence has been aided by compiling maximum life spans of captive reptiles. Further understanding the underlying aging biology of reptiles would be aided by following mortalities of age cohorts, identifying differences in aging between populations, documenting the effects, favorable or not, of husbandry practices, and by characterizing senescence not just by mortality, but also by changes in age-related performance. Theoretical issues, inspired by experimental results in rattlesnakes, suggest conditions under which the chance mortalities of young rattlesnakes together with continued growth of adults might favor late appearance of beneficial genes and thereby account for postponed senescence in some reptiles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Testing theoretical network classes and HIV-related correlates with latent class analysis

Scientists designing network-based interventions intending to improve the adoption or maintenance of healthy behaviors are well-advised to classify potential adopters into network roles, such as opinion leaders, brokers, members, and isolates, and to work closely with existing opinion leaders. In past studies focusing on HIV, opinion-leader interventions have had mixed results. This may be addressed, in part, by empirically validating these network roles. To this end, we used latent class analysis to test whether people's social connections fall into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups of social capital that represent theorized network roles well with a dataset collected in Nyangana, Namibia (n = 400). A four-class model best fits the dataset, but the categories identified do not clearly represent the theorized roles. Rather, this study revealed the following four network classes: single-group members (59%), connectors (24%), single-group loyalists (15%), and selective connectors (2%). The implications of their findings for opinion-leader interventions focused on HIV are discussed.
Ionic Liquid and Silica Sol-Gel Composite Materials Doped with N,N,N′,N′-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide for Extraction of La3+ and Ba2+

Sol-gel processed silica materials, which incorporated ionic liquids and N,N,N′,N′-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide (TODGA), were prepared and used as sorbents for extraction of La3+ and Ba2+ from aqueous solutions. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([Cnmim][NTf2], n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) were entrapped in these monolithic composite sol-gel sorbents. The corresponding extraction efficiencies were found to be dependent on both the volume of IL used in the silica matrix and the alkyl chain length of the IL cation. The silica composite sorbent containing [C8mim][NTf2] exhibited the best extraction efficiency for La3+ and the best separation factor for La3+/Ba2+. The separation results were analyzed by both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models and the Freundlich model was found to give better fit.
Community service and the pediatric exam: an introduction to clinical medicine via a partnership between first year medical students and a community elementary school.

Background: Introduction to clinical medicine courses traditionally focus on inpatient wards or ignore the well-child exam. Purpose: This program uses an elementary school setting to give 1st-year medical students experience in the well pediatric exam while emphasizing service learning. The program has both learning and service objectives. Medical students learn the art of the pediatric exam while providing a service for an underserved population. Medical students visit a community school and receive lectures about the roles of different providers and the well being of school children. Under faculty guidance they conduct physical exams on kindergartners. Methods: For 2005–2007, 301 medical students participated. Results: Medical student evaluations of the experience, measured on a 5-point Likert scale, are overwhelmingly favorable. Conclusions: The program provides a model for early clinical experience that embraces service learning. It instills an ethic of service and illustrates how the community can be...
The Supervision and Treatment of Offenders on Probation: Understanding Rural and Urban Differences:

This article presents an analysis of intake survey data from 3,698 adult offenders placed on probation in a midwestern state. The data describe differences between urban and rural adult probation admissions. Included in the analysis and discussion is the identification of drug use and abuse and the ability of probation systems in the state to provide adequate screening and treatment. Other demographic and offense characteristics aid in profiling rural probation offenders, including similarities and differences with their urban counterparts.
Gender Differences in Entitlement: The Role of System-Justifying Beliefs

Two studies examine the relationship between system-justifying beliefs and perceived pay entitlement and how this relationship differs as a function of gender. In Study 1, personal endorsement of system-justifying beliefs was associated with higher levels of pay entitlement among men. In contrast, personal endorsement of system-justifying beliefs was associated with slightly, but not significantly, lower levels of pay entitlement among women. In Study 2, a system-justification prime significantly increased reports of pay entitlement among men but had no effect on reports of pay entitlement among women. Results illustrate that system-justifying beliefs contribute to the creation and maintenance of gender differences in entitlement.
On chiral symmetry breaking, topology and confinement

Abstract We start with the relation between the chiral symmetry breaking and gauge field topology. New lattice results further enhance the notion of Zero Mode Zone, a very narrow strip of states with quasizero Dirac eigenvalues. Then we move to the issue of “origin of mass” and Brown–Rho scaling: a number of empirical facts contradicts to the idea that masses of quarks and such hadrons as ρ , N decrease near T c . We argue that while at T = 0 the main contribution to the effective quark mass is chirally odd m χ , near T c it rotates to chirally-even component m χ , because “infinite clusters” of topological solitons gets split into finite ones. Recent progress in understanding of topology require introduction of nonzero holonomy 〈 A 0 〉 ≠ 0 , which splits instantons into N c (anti)selfdual “instanton–dyons”. Qualitative progress, as well as first numerical studies of the dyon ensemble are reported. New connections between chiral symmetry breaking and confinement are recently understood, since instanton–dyons generate holonomy potential with a minimum at confining value, if the ensemble is dense enough.
Mimetic Form and Coloration in the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Batesian mimicry is widespread in the Cerambycidae, the commonest models being Aculeate Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps) and “protected” Coleoptera (especially lyeids, cantharids, chrysomelids, and weevils). In some cases it is expressed as a general group mimicry, as in the wasp-mimicking Clytini, Lepturini, and Necydalini, the ant-mimicking Tillomorphini, and the lycidmimicking Pteroplatini, although some members of these tribes have specific models. More commonly, mimicry is sporadic, involving marked departures from near relatives in form, coloration, and behavior, with striking resemblance to a specific model. Although evident in most subfamilies and a large number of tribes, Batesian mimicry is most fully developed in the Rhinotragini, where closely related forms mimic such diverse groups as bees, wasps, lyeids, cantharids, and hispids. Mullerian mimicry has been less completely studied, although cerambycids are known to share Mullerian coloration with other insects in the West Indies and in Borneo.
Experiments in predictive sensor fusion

Data fusion is a process of combining evidence from different information sources in order to make a better judgement. However, multiple sources can provide complementary information that can be used to increase the performance in detection and recognition. There are many frameworks within which to combine these pieces into a more meaningful answer. However, new information added might be redundant or even conflicting with the existing information. These questions arise: can we predict the value added by fusing their outputs together, if we know the general characteristics of a set of sensors. Can we specify the needed characteristics of a new sensor/algorithm to add to an existing suite to gain a desired improvement performance. The characteristic of a new sensor can be in any forms, e.g., the ratio of a target's signal to the clutter's signal, the position resolution etc. In this paper, we consider these questions in the context of fuzzy set theory and in particular, a soft decision level fusion scheme we developed for land mine detection scenarios. Here, we primarily consider the ratio of a target's signal. We develop a tool to estimate a final d-metric when the information form several sensor is fused through the linguistic Choquet fuzzy integral. We utilize this tool in the examination of the performance of d-metrics in a simulation environment. The approach is demonstrated for data obtained from an Advanced Technology Demonstration in vehicle-based mine detection.
Rapid Mode III Interface Flaw Extension: Dissimilar Anisotropic Solids with Largely Arbitrary Orientations of their Principal Material Axes

Two half-spaces are rigidly bonded along a semi-infinite portion of their interface, but separated by a vanishingly-thin flaw along its remainder. They consist of dissimilar elastic solids with single planes of material symmetry. The symmetry planes coincide, but principal material axes of the two solids in the common plane are of arbitrary orientation with respect to each other, and to the interface. Anti-plane shear forces moving on the flaw surfaces are assumed to create steady-state interface flaw extension; flaw and forces move at the same constant speed. Exact solutions for any constant speed show that the interface shear wave speed in each solid is sensitive to material properties and principal axis orientation. The subsonic case is studied in more detail, and the energy dissipation rate is extracted. Calculations when one solid is isotropic show its sensitivity to non-orthotropy and to ratios of the shear moduli and mass densities.
Caproic acid grafted chitosan cationic nanocomplexes for enhanced gene delivery: effect of degree of substitution.

Abstract This work was designed to investigate the effect of the degree of substitutions of caproic acid on plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding, cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and transfection efficiency of caproic acid grafted chitosan (CGC). The CGC with three substitution degrees (CGC-5, CGC-15, and CGC-25) were synthesized by coupling caproic acid with chitosan. Chemical characterization of graft polymers was performed using FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The CGC polymers showed good pDNA condensing capacity and efficient protection of pDNA from DNase I. The nanosized CGC/pDNA polyplexes exhibited well-defined spherical shapes and stability in serum. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated reduction in CGC–pDNA binding constant with increase in the degree of caproic acid substitution. Caproic acid substitution resulted in 2–7-fold higher cellular uptake in HEK 293 cells mainly via the clathrin-mediated pathway without affecting biocompatibility. In vitro transfection study suggested a dependence of transfection efficiency on the variability of caproic acid substitution. The CGC-15 polymer exhibited 31-fold and 1.33-fold higher gene expression compared to chitosan and the marketed non-viral vector FuGENE®HD, respectively. These finding suggests that the CGC-15 graft polymer is a promising non-viral gene delivery vector due to its superior transfection efficiency and biocompatibility.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Drugbinding Protein in Tissues of the Electric Eel

A PROTEIN having a high affinity for d-tubocurarine has been isolated from ammonium sulphate fractions of extracts of electric organ of electric eel1,2. Although d-tubocurarine combines with a variety of macromolecules3–5, the reaction with the electric organ protein appeared to be somewhat unique, especially since the resulting complex is very stable to high ionic strength1. The protein also combines in a more or less specific way with a large number of neurotropic compounds, the relative affinities in general paralleling the effectiveness of these compounds in their pharmacological action upon the single isolated electroplax1,2,5,6 and squid giant axon7,8. Although it was proposed1,2 that the protein might function in vivo as a ‘receptor’ for acetylcholine and other neurotropic compounds, more recent evidence has led to a suggestion of an entirely different role9,10, namely, that the protein might be the drug-binding component of conducting membranes only and thus is not involved in the physiological effects of acetylcholine and other depolarizing agents. The distribution of this material in the electroplax is thus of primary importance in determining whether or not the conclusions regarding its proposed biological significance are justified.
Improved anomaly detection using block-matching denoising

We present a new approach for network traffic anomaly detection based on a denoising algorithm that uses wavelet transforms. Using a block-matching technique and considering network traffic as noise, we suppress the traffic in order to detect anomalies. This approach is data-driven in the sense that samples of network traffic determine the amount of background traffic suppression. Therefore, the output of the algorithm is an anomaly that can be easily detected. To improve the performance, the block-matching technique is combined with a method that can detect very short attacks. Results show that attacks can be detected under a variety of conditions.
Improved error bounds for Newton's method under generalized Zabrejko-Nguen-type assumptions

Abstract We provide improved error bounds for the convergence of Newton's method in Banach spaces under generalized Zabrejko-Nguen assumptions.
Vegetable soybean tolerance to bentazon, fomesafen, imazamox, linuron, and sulfentrazone

Abstract Poor weed control, resulting from limited herbicide availability and undeveloped integrated weed management systems, is a major hurdle to production of vegetable soybean in the United States. Vegetable soybean, the same species as grain-type soybean, has few registered herbicides because of unknown crop tolerance. Tolerance of as many as 128 vegetable soybean entries to a 2X registered rate of bentazon, fomesafen, imazamox, linuron, and sulfentrazone were quantified within 4 wk after treatment in field trials. Several grain-type soybean entries were included for comparison, including entries with known herbicide tolerance or sensitivity. Injury and seedling growth reduction to all vegetable entries was comparable to all grain-type entries for fomesafen, linuron, and sulfentrazone; and less than all grain-type entries for bentazon and imazamox. Responses of ten of the more widely used vegetable soybean entries were comparable to grain-type entries with known herbicide tolerance. Bentazon, fomesafe...
Collaborative multi-sensor tracking in mobile wireless sensor networks

Sensor localisation and tracking is an important research topic in sensor networks. Collaboration of resource-constrained sensor nodes is extremely important to achieving substantial sensing and processing capability in the aggregate and to providing collectively reliable network behaviour in mission-critical applications. We propose a collaborative multi-sensor tracking (CMST) method for sensor networks and demonstrate through posterior Cramer-Rao bound (PCRB) analysis that sensors' mobility and collaboration can be exploited to significantly improve sensor localisation performance. We also propose a novel adaptive particle filtering algorithm AP-RPF and demonstrate its superior performance through simulation results.
Fatigue behavior and modeling of short fiber reinforced polymer composites including anisotropy and temperature effects

Abstract Effects of anisotropy and temperature on cyclic deformation and fatigue behavior of two short glass fiber reinforced polymer composites were investigated. Fatigue tests were conducted under fully-reversed (R = −1) and positive stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.3) with specimens of different thicknesses, different fiber orientations, and at temperatures of −40 °C, 23 °C, and 125 °C. In samples with 90° fiber orientation angle, considerable effect of thickness on fatigue strength was observed. Effect of mold flow direction was significant at all temperatures and stress ratios and the Tsai–Hill criterion was used to predict off-axis fatigue strengths. Temperature also greatly influenced fatigue strength and a shift factor of Arrhenius type was developed to correlate fatigue data at various temperatures, independent of the mold flow direction and stress ratio. Micromechanisms of fatigue failure at different temperatures were also investigated. Good correlations between fatigue strength and tensile strength were obtained and a method for obtaining strain–life curves from load-controlled fatigue test data is presented. A fatigue life estimation model is also presented which correlates data for different temperatures, fiber orientations, and stress ratios.
Melting behavior of nanocrystalline aluminum powders

Abstract Nanocrystalline aluminum powders have been synthesized by mechanical attrition under different atmospheres and by gas condensation. The crystal refinement and the development of the microstructure are investigated by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectrometry. Both preparation techniques lead to powders with comparable grain sizes. With decreasing grain size we find a drastic reduction of the melting point, ΔTm, in comparison to the bulk value. Subsequent remelting does not recover the bulk melting point. The results are discussed in terms of the microstructure of the nanocrystalline powders, the contribution of the stored enthalphy of cold work, and the nucleation of disorder/melting at grain boundaries/particle interfaces.
On confidence regions in multiple assays

In multiple assays a ‘Standard’ preparation is compared in a single assay with two or more ‘Test’ preparations (Finney, 1978, ch. 11). In addition to the estimation of the relative potency of the ‘Test’ preparations the question arises as to simultaneous confidence limits, or else a joint confidence region for these relative potencies. This paper compares a joint confidence region using a LR statistic with separate limits based on Fieller's theorem. These results are presented in an Example on a multiple assay of two tuberculin preparations A, B compared with a Standard one (data of Wadley, Finney, 1978, Table 11.1).
Fabrication and Characterization of a Fritless Microfabricated Electroosmotic Pump with Reduced pH Dependence

A fritless electroosmotic pump with reduced pH dependence has been fabricated on a glass microchip and its performance characterized. The chip design consists of two 500-μm channels, one packed with anion exchange beads and the other packed with cation exchange beads, which produce convergent electroosmotic flow streams. The electroosmotically pumped solution flows away from the intersection of the two pumping channels through a field-free channel. This simple design allows for the production of a fritless electroosmotic pump and easy replacement of the ion exchange beads whose charged surfaces generate the flow. The pump was found to produce volumetric flow rates of up to 2 μL/min for an applied voltage of 3 kV at a pH of 6.8. Moreover, the electroosmotic pump can generate high flow rates over an extended pH range of at least 2−12, a significant advantage over previously fabricated electroosmotic pumps, which typically have a more limited range in which they can achieve high flow rates.
Lepidopteran Communities in Two Forest Ecosystems During the First Gypsy Moth Outbreaks in Northern Michigan

Abstract We assessed lepidopteran communities in replicated stands representing two hardwood forest ecosystems in northern Michigan during a 3-yr period that coincided with the first gypsy moth outbreaks experienced by this area. Adult Lepidoptera were collected at 4-wk intervals each summer in 1993–1995 in eight forest stands. Four stands were classified as ecological landtype phase (ELTP) 20, and they were dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.), a favored host of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). The other four stands were classified as ELTP 45, and they were dominated by northern hardwood species with few preferred hosts of gypsy moth. Gypsy moth populations and defoliation fluctuated dramatically in ELTP 20 stands during the 3 yr, reaching outbreak levels in at least one year in all four stands. In ELTP 45 stands, gypsy moth populations and defoliation were minimal. More than 12,000 adult Lepidoptera representing 453 taxa were collected from the eight stands. Lepidopteran species composition differed signi...
The development of HIV-related mental health and psychosocial services for children and adolescents in Zambia: The case for learning by doing

Abstract The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has sparked a global commitment to strengthen health systems for an improved response. The response, however, is largely biomedical. Far less attention and funding exist for mental health and psychosocial support services (PSS). While the evidence-base for these services is less developed, the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) has responded to glaring needs through a “learn by doing” approach. This paper documents lessons learned as we responded to expressed needs for child-centered HIV support in Zambia. We formed a multidisciplinary working group to improve support for children on ART. In collaboration with the Zambian Ministry of Health (MOH) and with support from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), we began, in 2008, by implementing a pediatric HIV counseling course focusing on disclosure, adherence, and stigma. Play therapy and adolescent-support programs followed. In 2013, with funding from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, EGPAF established HIV and developmental delay centers. Through working with the Zambia MOH, we have forged a national response. This involved training pediatric HIV counselors, play therapy counselors, adult mentors and positive peer mentors, as well as clinicians and volunteers in HIV and early childhood development. We have learned that providing health workers with skills to dialog with HIV-affected children and families in honest and developmentally-sensitive ways yields results. Thousands of children have been reached and improved adherence and acceptance of one's status have been reported. Non-medical services have been developed by busy practitioners to meet glaring clinic gaps using a “learn by doing” approach. More resources are required to scale up these programs and for ‘good practice’ evidence to be gathered.