cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cell-Free Assembly System for Generating Infectious Human Papillomavirus 16 Capsids Implicates a Size Discrimination Mechanism for Preferential Viral Genome Packaging.

UNLABELLED We have established a cell-free in vitro system to study human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) assembly, a poorly understood process. L1/L2 capsomers, obtained from the disassembly of virus-like particles (VLPs), were incubated with nuclear extracts to provide access to the range of cellular proteins that would be available during assembly within the host cell. Incorporation of a reporter plasmid "pseudogenome" was dependent on the presence of both nuclear extract and ATP. Unexpectedly, L1/L2 VLPs that were not disassembled prior to incubation with a reassembly mixture containing nuclear extract also encapsidated a reporter plasmid. As with HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) generated intracellularly, infection by cell-free particles assembled in vitro required the presence of L2 and was susceptible to the same biochemical inhibitors, implying the cell-free assembled particles use the infectious pathway previously described for HPV16 produced in cell culture. Using biochemical and electron microscopy analyses, we observed that, in the presence of nuclear extract, intact VLPs partially disassemble, providing a mechanistic explanation to how the exogenous plasmid was packaged by these particles. Further, we provide evidence that capsids containing an <8-kb pseudogenome are resistant to the disassembly/reassembly reaction. Our results suggest a novel size discrimination mechanism for papillomavirus genome packaging in which particles undergo iterative rounds of disassembly/reassembly, seemingly sampling DNA until a suitably sized DNA is encountered, resulting in the formation of a stable virion structure. IMPORTANCE Little is known about papillomavirus assembly biology due to the difficulties in propagating virus in vitro. The cell-free assembly method established in this paper reveals a new mechanism for viral genome packaging and will provide a tractable system for further dissecting papillomavirus assembly. The knowledge gained will increase our understanding of virus-host interactions, help to identify new targets for antiviral therapy, and allow for the development of new gene delivery systems based on in vitro-generated papillomavirus vectors.
EXCLUSIONS FROM SAMYDA JACQ. (FLACOURTIACEAE)

Summary Supplementing a forthcoming revision of Samyda Jacq., this article accounts for 56 names that are excluded from the genus as now circumscribed. Entries include typifications and taxonomic dispo- sitions, where possible, as well as pertinent synonymy and discussion. Other generic names involved are: (in Flacourtiaceae) Anavinga, Athanaea, Bigelowia, Casearia, Casinga, Clasta, Guidonia, Irou- cana, Laetia, Melistaurum, Pitumba, Valentinia and Zuelania; (in Meliaceae) Guarea, Melia and Trichilia; (in Nyctaginaceae) Calpidia and Pisonia. Introduction This account and a forthcoming revision of Samyda Jacq. (Kiger, in prep.) are based on and revise an earlier study (Kiger, 1972) that was the principal (but not exclusive) source for Sleumer's (1980) treatment of the genus and related names in Flora neotropica. Here I present full expositions for all names, valid or not, published under Samyda, however delimited, that are now excluded from the genus. This treatment includes emendations to a number of designations and dispositions that appeared in my earlier study and were, for the most part, incorporated by Sleumer, as well as to a few of Sleumer's independent ones. Among other things prompting amendment, the recent rediscovery of the long-lost original collection of watercolor illustrations from the Sesse and Mociiio expedition (now at Hunt Institute) has allowed resolution of some problems involving entities described by them and by A. P. de Candolle. The excluded names are treated in alphabetical sequence, with the entries for generic and sectional names preceding those for binomials. Homonyms are taken up in alphabetical order by author's last name. The first paragraph of each entry cites the excluded name itself and all nomenclatural synonyms, followed by the type data. The second paragraph gives the taxonomic disposition of the excluded name, followed by any directly relevant taxonomic synonyms, with typi- fications as appropriate. Any discussion or cross-references appear in one or more suc- ceeding paragraphs. Authority names and titles of taxonomic works are cited using the abbreviations rec- ommended by Stafleu and Cowan (1976-1983). Unless rendered within quotation marks, information derived from specimens and any from primary published descriptions (the latter reported in parentheses) is not necessarily transcribed literally from those sources, and may be translated. Additional collection data derived from secondary sources (reported within square brackets), if not specifically attributed, have been taken from van Steenis-
A comparison of two types of storageless DVR with a passive shunt converter

A passive shunt converter is usually used as an energy absorbing circuit in DVR. According to the location of passive shunt converter, DVR can be ascribed into two typical types: DVR with supply-side shunt converter and DVR with load-side shunt converter. They have differences in operation principle, comparisons focused on cost and performance between them will be helpful for the selection of system topology of DVR. In this paper, dc-link voltage range and parameter design procedure of these two types is analyzed, then a detailed comparison including inverter rating and passive converter rating between them is made under a unified compensation target. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that DVR with load-side passive converter has a smaller inverter rating compared to that of DVR with supply-side passive converter, thus DVR with load-side passive shunt converter has a lower cost.
Organizational Culture and Participation in Development

The preceding two chapters review organizational barriers to change — the aversion to uncertainty, the disbursement imperative and the powerful myths of apolitical development — and outline their relations to external interests and pressures that shape World Bank policy. A third set of constraining factors, which together form an organizational culture, are the subject of this chapter. The Bank’s organizational culture sharply limits popular participation and NGO involvement in its operations, and constrains the organization’s ability to learn from experience. The organizational culture integrates and reinforces elements of the mandate and myths discussed in the previous chapters.
How ritual means: ritual circumcision in rabbinic culture and today

Cet essai examine comment les rites prennent du sens et pourquoi nous choisissons de les regenerer. La premiere partie explique la signification du rituel en general en en degageant quatre especes et previent contre la dependance exclusive par rapport au sens donne officiellement au rite. En second lieu, l'A. insiste sur la circoncision dans la Palestine des II-III e siecles afin de soulever le probleme de la validite contemporaine d'une pratique ancienne. Dans la derniere partie, c'est la question de la circoncision en tant que rite viable de nos jours qui est posee
Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete with Previously Inert Aggregates

AbstractAlkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a persistent issue and has evaded eradication for nearly 80 years. The problem stems from a lack of standardized testing of aggregates. Cases occur when changes in material properties lead to potentially reactive aggregates reacting with higher alkali cements. A research program was established at the University of Arkansas to investigate cases of ASR, which occurred in combination with previously inert aggregates. In addition, locally available fly ashes were evaluated to determine replacement rates required to minimize the risk of ASR. A field monitoring program was established to evaluate deterioration mechanisms and mitigation measures. A concrete barrier wall located near the University of Arkansas was diagnosed with ASR that had considerable variation in the damage between sections of the wall. Deterioration ranges from minimal visible deterioration to severe damage or complete failure. The testing program reveals that certain aggregates that were previously d...
‘In a Christian Climate’: Religion and Honor in Richard II

This chapter is about Richard II, but I want to start from left field with the question of why in the late sixteenth century Xenophon’s Cyropaedia (c. 370 bc) became so important. Spenser’s letter to Raleigh cites the Cyropaedia as the model for The Faerie Queene, announcing that, as Xenophon ‘in the person of Cyrus ... fashioned a governement, such as might best be, …[s]o have I laboured to doe in the person of Arthure.’ Sidney’s Apology for Poetry hinges on the power of fiction ‘to make many Cyruses,’ and Frances Meres notes the relation between Xenophon’s Cyrus and Sidney’s own princes in his 1598 Palladis Tamia.1
Forecasting Obsolescence Risk Using Machine Learning

With rapid innovation in the electronics industry, product obsolescence forecasting has become increasingly important. More accurate obsolescence forecasting would have cost reduction effects in product design and part procurement over a product’s lifetime. Currently many obsolescence forecasting methods require manual input or perform market analysis on a part by part basis; practices that are not feasible for large bill of materials. In response, this paper introduces an obsolescence forecasting framework that is capable of being scaled to meet industry needs while remaining highly accurate. The framework utilizes machine learning to classify parts as active, in production, or obsolete and discontinued. This classification and labeling of parts can be useful in the design stage in part selection and during inventory management with evaluating the chance that suppliers might stop production. A case study utilizing the proposed framework is presented to demonstrate and validate the improved accuracy of obsolescence risk forecasting. As shown, the framework correctly identified active and obsolete products with an accuracy as high as 98.3%.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The growth of calcite spherulites from solution. II. Kinetics of formation

The reaction rate of calcite sphere formation was investigated. Samples of precipitates and solutions were taken at various times and characterized for morphology, phase, chemistry, and pH. It appears that the Mg2+ and SO2−4 impurities have a controlling influence on both the phase and morphological development of precipitates. The calcite spheres initially precipitate as an amorphous phase, and then go through a transition into a rough intermediate spherulitic morphology before the final development into near-perfect spheres. Slower crystallization and a diffusion-controlling boundary layer of rejected impurities apparently is part of the mechanism controlling spherical growth.
Through-Casing Hydraulic Fracture Evaluation by Induction Logging I: An Efficient EM Solver for Fracture Detection

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential way to improve the production of unconventional shale oil and gas. It is important to characterize the produced fractures using either acoustic or electromagnetic (EM) methods. Conventional EM solvers in the low-frequency range face significant challenges by such multiscale problems where the fracture width is orders of magnitude smaller than its diameters. Furthermore, the cased borehole environment is extremely difficult to simulate with conventional EM solvers due to meshing difficulties and the multiscale nature of the problem. In this paper, we develop a hybrid distorted Born approximation and 3-D mixed ordered stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (DBA-BCGS-FFT) method to simulate the very challenging 2-D, 2-D-axisymmetric, and 3-D hydraulic fracture models under both open and cased borehole environments. Numerical examples show that this method has orders of magnitude higher efficiency than the finite element method. The capabilities of the DBA-BCGS-FFT method for the induction tool fracture mapping are demonstrated by comparing with laboratory experimental results and other reference results.
Nocodazole Induces Myeloma Cell Death by Disrupting the Microtubular Network, Resulting in G2/M Arrest

Abstract Patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) previously treated with bortezomib and lenalidomide often fail to respond to further therapies. To identify potential new treatment approaches for MM, we used Luminex technology to screen a library of 1,120 compounds provided by the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. By multiplex cytokine array, we identified benzimidazoles including the anthelmintics mebendazole, fenbendazole, albendazole, nocodazole and pyrvinium pamoate, as inhibiting the production of cytokines essential for MM cell growth and survival, such as IL-6 (inhibition rate 40–70%), MIP-1α (inhibition rate 65–75%), VEGF (inhibition rate 75%), and soluble IL-6R (inhibition rate 40–52%). Consequently, these anthelmintics demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of myeloma cell (RPMI-8226, H929, U266 and MM1S) proliferation. The lead compound, nocodazole, caused nuclear fragmentation and caspase-8 activation in MM cell lines and primary CD138+ cells in dose- and time-dependent fashion (IC50: 30–60 nM). Importantly, growth and survival signals provided by bone marrow stromal cells in bone marrow co-cultures failed to protect MM cells from nocodazole-induced cell death. In the apoptotic cells, caspase-8 was more activated than caspase-9, suggesting that mitochondrial signaling is not a major apoptotic pathway. Cell cycle analysis indicated that G2/M cell cycle arrest reached a peak at 17 hr. Sub-G1 proportion was strongly increased after treatment for 24 hr in all tested cell lines. Electron microscope (EM) and nuclear staining studies consistently showed the accumulation of metaphase cells, and morphologic elongation at 7 hr, at which time G2/M arrest was obvious. Most of the elongated cells had only one nucleus, suggesting that they failed to progress to mitosis due to overall microtubular network disarray. We conclude that nocodazole exposure induced microtubular network disarray with cell elongation, and G2/M arrest with a late stage mitotic block resulting in cell death. Benzimidazoles including nocodazole, traditionally used as antihelmintic drugs, have shown antitumor activity against hepatocellular, lung and adrenocortical carcinoma, and melanoma. In our study, we identified the anthelmintic compound nocodazole as a new anti-myeloma agent. Nocodazole warrants further investigation for its anti-MM effects in vitro and in vivo.
Breast cancer survivors' preferences for technology-supported exercise interventions

The purpose of this study was to explore breast cancer survivors’ interest in and preferences for technology-supported exercise interventions. Post-treatment survivors [n = 279; M age = 60.7 (SD = 9.7)] completed a battery of online questionnaires in August 2015. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all data. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between survivors’ interest in a technology-supported exercise interventions and demographic, disease, and behavioral factors. These same factors were examined in relation to perceived effectiveness of such interventions using multiple regression analyses. About half (53.4%) of survivors self-reported meeting public health recommendations for physical activity. Fewer than half reported using an exercise or diet mobile app (41.2%) or owning an activity tracker (40.5%). The majority were interested in receiving remotely delivered exercise counseling (84.6%), participating in a remotely delivered exercise intervention (79.5%), and using an exercise app or website (68%). Survivors reported that the most helpful technology-supported intervention components would be an activity tracker (89.5%), personalized feedback (81.2%), and feedback on how exercise is influencing mood, fatigue, etc. (73.6%). Components rated as least helpful were social networking integration (31.2%), group competitions (33.9%), and ability to see others’ progress (35.1%). Preferences for technology-supported exercise interventions varied among breast cancer survivors. Nonetheless, data indicate that technology-supported interventions may be feasible and acceptable. Engaging stakeholders may be important in developing and testing potential intervention components.
Dynamics and control of molten-salt breeder reactor

Abstract Preliminary results of the dynamic analysis of a two-fluid molten-salt breeder reactor (MSBR) system are presented. Based on an earlier work on the preliminary dynamic model of the concept, the model presented here is nonlinear and has been revised to accurately reflect the design exemplified in ORNL-4528. A brief overview of the model followed by results from simulations performed to validate the model is presented. Simulations illustrate stable behavior of the reactor dynamics and temperature feedback effects to reactivity excursions. Stable and smooth changes at various nodal temperatures are also observed. Control strategies for molten-salt reactor operation are discussed, followed by an illustration of the open-loop load-following capability of the molten-salt breeder reactor system. It is observed that the molten-salt breeder reactor system exhibits “self-regulating” behavior, minimizing the need for external controller action for load-following maneuvers.
Towards a Dynamic Integrative Theory of Educator Stress

This chapter addresses two recent trends in the conceptualization of work stress: recognizing the temporal dynamics of work stress and combining existing theoretical models to increase predictive power and broaden understanding. The chapter illustrates these developments in educator stress research by presenting the results of testing a Dynamic Integrative Teacher Stress (DITS) model. The DITS model combines elements of the Job Demand-Control-Support, Effort-Reward Imbalance and Kyriacou’s models (coping resources) while accounting for the dynamic nature of work stress (temporal changes), personal and contextual factors. It is based on a real-time longitudinal study of teacher stress over two academic years. The study examines whether the model’s predicted independent and moderator effects on teacher strain are confirmed using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) measures, testing effects at the between- and within-person levels. Longitudinal data generated using EMA via the Teacher Stress Diary over 2 years, supports the unique value of the model’s key concepts to predict teachers’ emotional stress responses (negative affect). Higher demand and over-commitment, and lower control, coping and reward, predicted higher emotional strain. The DITS model explained considerable unique variance in emotional strain and, as expected, the integrative model explained more variance than each component alone, suggesting that combined models may be a useful framework for future research and theory development. The model explained both between- and within-person changes in emotional strain. These results provide a more comprehensive and dynamic understanding of occupational stress in teachers than traditional survey studies, potentially benefitting intervention development to reduce teacher stress and promote educator and school sustainability.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary and Genetic Predictors of Blood Folate Levels in Healthy Young Adults

Since 1998, the U.S. has mandated folic acid (FA) fortification of certain grain products to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Folate intake and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations increased substantially post-intervention, although recent studies raise concerns about the level of ongoing benefit. This study investigated blood folate level determinants in healthy young adults, including intake of naturally occurring food folate, synthetic FA, and the interaction of naturally occurring food folate with a common missense variant in the FOLH1 gene thought to affect absorption. Participants (n = 265) completed the Diet History Questionnaire II, RBC folate testing, and were genotyped for the 484T>C FOLH1 variant. Men reported significantly greater intake of all folate sources except for supplemental FA, but RBC folate levels did not significantly differ by sex. Synthetic FA was a stronger predictor of RBC folate than naturally occurring food folate. In the largest racial group, synthetic FA and the interaction of FOLH1 genotype with naturally occurring food folate significantly predicted RBC folate, with the overall model accounting for 13.8% of the variance in RBC folate levels. Blood folate levels rely on a complex interaction of natural and synthetic folate intake as well as FOLH1 genotype.
On Detection and Mitigation of Reused Pilots in Massive MIMO Systems

In a time-division duplex multiple antenna system the channel state information (CSI) can be estimated using reverse training. In multi-cell multi-user massive MIMO systems, pilot contamination degrades CSI estimation performance and adversely affects massive MIMO system performance. In this paper we consider a subspace-based semi-blind approach where we have training data as well as information bearing data from various users (both in-cell and neighboring cells) at the base station (BS). Existing semi-blind approaches assume that the interfering users from neighboring cells are always at distinctly lower power levels at the BS compared with the in-cell users. This requires (perfect) power control. In this paper we do not make any such assumption. Unlike existing approaches, the BS estimates the channels of all users: in-cell and significant neighboring cell users, i.e., ones with comparable power levels at the BS. We exploit both subspace method using correlation as well as blind source separation using higher-order statistics. Finally, the estimated channels are used to detect information symbols, which, in turn, are used as pseudo-pilots to re-estimate the in-cell users’ channels. The proposed approach is illustrated via simulation examples and compared with some existing semi-blind methods.
Photon flux influence on photoelectrochemical water treatment

Abstract This work quantifies the role of incident light in photoelectrochemical water treatment device efficiency to destroy waterborne pollutants. The conversion of incident photon flux from monochromatic light emitting diodes (285 nm, 300 nm, and 365 nm) into current (i.e., incident photon-to-current efficiency, IPCE) was studied. Identical photocurrent responses were obtained at identical photon flux but using different monochromatic wavelengths. Photocurrent increased with higher incident photon flux from the light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, an exponential decrease in IPCE occurred simultaneously, indicating a lower percentage of those photons converted into electrons. Higher photocurrents indicated more charge carriers photoelectrogenerated greater amount of oxidant species (e.g., OH) capable of degrading organic pollutants in water. Thus, IPCE aided in optimizing the energy needed to generate OH and remove pollutants.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Associated Bleeding

Abstract Bloody diarrhea is one of the hallmarks of symptomatology of ulcerative colitis (UC), resulting from active mucosal inflammation, ulceration, and inflammatory polyps. Medical therapy plays a major role of control of UC-associated bleeding. In contrast, Crohn's disease–associated bleeding mainly stems from deep ulcers. Anastomosis and suture line bleeding is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease–associated surgery, which can be spontaneous or caused by diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy procedures. Various therapeutic endoscopic procedures can be applied, including polypectomy, injection, clipping, and cauterization. Systemic factors should be evaluated, such as concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis, for patients with persistent and recurrent bleeding.
The Gated Phonocardiogram: A Method of Digital Enhancement

Automated heart sound analysis has been slow to develop for a number of reasons, two of which are signal quality and physiologic variability. These difficulties can be readily approached through current microprocessor technology and the sequential overlay average (gating) of the phonocardiogram (PCG).
Preferential Timing and Income Taxation

I show that the value of preferential taxation of asset returns under an income tax that extends to property income is (a) strictly increasing in the taxpayer's marginal rate if the preference takes the form of a preferential rate; but that (b) it attains some maximum at a marginal rate between 0.5 and 1 if the preference takes the form of favorable timing. Disadvantageous timing has exactly the opposite properties.
Unwanted but Inevitable: Russia’s Deepening Partnership with China Post-Ukraine

This chapter highlights the impact on Sino-Russian partnership of the conflict in Ukraine and the consequent crisis in Russia’s relations with the United States and Europe. With no prospect of a return to ‘business as usual’ with the West, Moscow has gravitated toward Beijing—and far more quickly and comprehensively than anyone anticipated. And although Russia has become the junior partner in a relationship characterized by ‘asymmetric interdependence’, it now recognizes this as both unavoidable and manageable. The author identifies three structural and fundamental factors explaining the converging trend in the Sino-Russian relationship, and why Moscow increasingly views Beijing as an important partner. These three factors are the importance of stability on Russia’s eastern flank, economic compatibility, and developments in the international system.
An N6-methyladenosine at the transited codon 273 of p53 pre-mRNA promotes the expression of R273H mutant protein and drug resistance of cancer cells.

Abstract Mutant p53 proteins that promote cancer cell invasive growth, metastasis and drug resistance emerge as therapeutic targets. Previously, we reported that suppression of ceramide glycosylation restored wild-type p53 protein and tumor suppressing function in cancer cells heterozygously carrying p53 R273H, a hot-spot missense mutation; however, the mechanisms underlying the control of mutant protein expression remain elusive. Herein, we report that an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) at the point-mutated codon 273 (G > A) of p53 pre-mRNA determines the mutant protein expression. Methylation of the transited adenosine was catalyzed by methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), and this m6A-RNA promoted a preferential pre-mRNA splicing; consequently, the produced p53 R273H mutant protein resulted in acquired multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, glycosphingolipids (particularly globotriaosylceramide) generated from serial ceramide glycosylation were seen to activate cSrc and β-catenin signaling so as to upregulate METTL3 expression, in turn promoting expression of p53 R273H mutant protein, with consequent drug resistance. Conversely, either silencing METTL3 expression by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or inhibiting RNA methylation with neplanocin A suppressed m6A formation in p53 pre-mRNA, and substantially increased the level of phosphorylated p53 protein (Ser15) and its function in cells heterozygously carrying the R273H mutation, thereby re-sensitizing these cells to anticancer drugs. Concordantly, suppression of ceramide glycosylation repressed METTL3 expression and m6A formation in p53 pre-mRNA, thus sensitizing cells carrying R273H to anticancer drugs. This study uncovers a novel function of pre-mRNA m6A as a determinant of mutant protein expression in cancer cells heterozygously carrying the TP53 R273H mutation. Suppressing both RNA methylation and ceramide glycosylation might constitute an efficacious and specific approach for targeting TP53 missense mutations coding for a G > A transition, thereby improving cancer treatments.
Pharmacokinetic and biomarker analysis in a phase II trial of the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin, FK228

5831 HDAC inhibitors, HDIs, are a new class of anticancer agents postulated to control tumor cell growth through effects on gene expression as well as alterations in acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins. Interest in the clinical development of the HDIs was spurred by the responses observed in patients with T-cell lymphoma to romidepsin, FK228, among others. While these agents have been developed using classical pharmacological parameters, biomarkers of molecular activity using tumor or surrogate tissue could inform the search for a dose sufficient for biological activity, allowing lower doses, improved tolerability, and facilitating combination studies. We incorporated biomarker evaluations in our ongoing phase II trial of romidepsin for patients with cutaneous or peripheral T-cell lymphoma with the goal of identifying markers that could predict activity or resistance. To date, 78 patients with CTCL have been accrued in 3 cohorts to our ongoing multi-institutional trial of romidepsin for patients with recurrent or refractory T-cell lymphoma. Romidepsin is administered as a 4 hr infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28 d cycle, starting at 14 mg/m2. Complete and partial responses have been observed in patients with CTCL, with a complete response in a patient with Sezary syndrome ongoing for over 62 months and a partial response ongoing for over 74 months in a patient with tumor stage disease. Molecular endpoint analysis was performed in normal and malignant circulating peripheral mononuclear cells, PBMCs. We developed an immuno-dot blot assay to quantitate change of histone acetylation. Increased histone acetylation in PBMCs of 2-fold or greater from 13 of 18 patients at 4 hrs or 7 of 14 at 24 hrs was noted. Since MDR1 gene expression is known to be directly induced by these agents we evaluated the effect of treatment on the expression of MDR1. RT-PCR of RNA demonstrated a 2-fold or greater increased expression of MDR-1 in PBMCs from 9 of 21 patients at 4 hr, 6 of 18 at 24 hr and 3 of 11 at 48 hour. Pharmacokinetic analysis has been completed for 35 patients. We were able to compare biomarker analysis and pharmacokinetic data using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. A moderate association was noted between induction of histone acetylation at 24 hr and Cmax, r=0.57 and p=0.031, in 14 patients, and AUC, r=0.61 and p=0.037, in 12 patients. Findings for clearance were comparable. A weak to moderate association was noted between the pharmacokinetic parameters and MDR1 expression. No association was noted with response. HDAC inhibitors are agents with promising clinical activity. It is possible to use surrogate markers to assay biochemical activity; biomarkers correlate with pharmacokinetic parameters. Clinical development of these agents should include strategies to identify molecular markers of response.
AN ATYPICAL SIMPLE BONE CYST IN THE INFERIOR ALVEOLAR CANAL: A CASE REPORT

Objective The simple bone cyst is a benign intraosseous pseudocystic lesion without any epithelial lining. As most of simple bone cysts are asymptomatic, they are commonly first noticed as incidental radiographic findings. In the jaws, they are predominant in the mandibular premolar and molar region of young adults. We present a case of simple bone cyst of the mandible with atypical association with the inferior alveolar canal. Clinical presentation A 52-year-old female patient presented with a well-defined, finely corticated, unilocular, radiolucent lesion of unknown duration in the right ramus of the mandible, with no relevant past medical history. A benign odontogenic lesion was considered. However, given that the CBCT findings indicated the inferior alveolar canal as a possible epicenter, the differential diagnosis also included neural tumors and vascular anomalies. Incisional biopsy was performed, but no epithelial lining was noted. Microscopically, the specimen consists of variably dense fibrocollagenous connective tissue with small blood vessels and nerve bundles. S100 and CD31 immunohistochemistry showed expected positivity for nerve and vascular tissues. A microscopic diagnosis of simple bone cyst associated with the inferior alveolar canal was rendered. Conclusion This case represents an unusual simple bone cyst. Radiographically, the lesion appears to be associated with inferior alveolar canal. Even though simple bone cysts in the posterior mandible are not common, it is very unlikely to involve/arise from the inferior alveolar canal.
Colony-stimulating factor 1 and its receptor are new potential therapeutic targets for allergic asthma

Background A new approach targeting aeroallergen sensing in the early events of mucosal immunity could have greater benefit. The CSF1-CSF1R pathway has a critical role in trafficking allergens to regional lymph nodes through activating dendritic cells. Intervention in this pathway could prevent allergen sensitization and subsequent Th2 allergic inflammation. Objective To examine the therapeutic effectiveness of CSF1 and CSF1R inhibition for blocking the dendritic cell function of sensing aeroallergens. Methods We adopted a model of chronic asthma induced by a panel of three naturally occurring allergens and novel delivery system of CSF1R inhibitor encapsulated nanoprobe. Results Selective depletion of CSF1 in airway epithelial cells abolished the production of allergen-reactive IgE, resulting in prevention of new asthma development as well as reversal of established allergic lung inflammation. CDPL-GW nanoprobe containing GW2580, a selective CSF1R inhibitor, showed favorable pharmacokinetics for inhalational treatment and intranasal insufflation delivery of CDPL-GW nanoprobe ameliorated asthma pathologies including allergen-specific serum IgE production, allergic lung and airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) with minimal pulmonary adverse reaction. Conclusion The inhibition of the CSF1-CSF1R signaling pathway effectively suppresses sensitization to aeroallergens and consequent allergic lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic asthma. CSF1R inhibition is a promising new target for the treatment of allergic asthma.
Fault Current Correction Strategies for Effective Fault Location in Inverter-Based Systems

The grid of the future will integrate various distributed energy resources (DERs), microgrids, and other new technologies that will revolutionize our energy delivery systems. These technologies, as well as proposed grid-support functions, require inverter-based systems to achieve incorporation into the overall system(s). However, the presence of inverters and other power electronics changes the behavior of the grid and renders many traditional tools and algorithms less effective. An inverter is typically designed to limit its own current output to avoid overloading. This can result in both voltage collapse at the inverter output and limited energy being delivered during a fault so that protective relays cannot respond properly. To avoid sustained faults and unnecessary loss of service, it is proposed that either supercapacitor or flywheel energy storage be utilized to energize faults upon overload of the inverter to achieve fault current correction. This paper will discuss these challenges for inverter-based system fault detection, explore fault current correction strategies, and provide MATLAB/Simulink simulation results comparing the effectiveness of each strategy.
5,000 Years of Bad Advertising is Enough!:

The report of the 1958 AAWB convention on page 308 notes that special attention was given this year to the rapidly expanding field of public relations in work for the blind. Widespread interest has...
Critical Inclusion: Disrupting LGBTQ Normative Frameworks in School Contexts

Despite recent social and political advancements for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people and an increased focus on LGBTQ-inclusive practices in K-12 schools, there is a la...
Effects of solids retention times on electro-selective fermentation using Scenedesmus acutus biomass

Electro-Selective Fermentation (ESF) is a means to enhance lipid wet extraction from microalgal biomass. The Solids Retention Time (SRT) is a decisive factor for maximizing lipid extraction and recovery, and effective ESF treatment requires a minimum SRT that needs to be determined. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was manipulated to control the SRT in ESF treating Scenedesmus acutus biomass, since the HRT was almost equal to the SRT in our ESF experiments. An ESF process that started with a ∼6 d SRT achieved high lipid extractability, but with relatively low lipid recovery. Shortening the SRT to ∼2 d yielded slightly lower extractability, but nearly 100% lipid recovery and much higher volumetric productivity, compared to the 6 d SRT. Starting with an ∼2 d SRT yielded much less extractable lipid production that did not increase after the SRT was extended to 6 d in a later stage. Microbial community analysis revealed lingering active fermenters when the SRT switched from long to short, but short to long SRT flushed out fermenters at first, although the fermenters were able to modestly recover after going back to the longer SRT. Thus, starting ESF with a longer SRT was important for selecting a microbial community able to achieve high lipid extractability, even though the subsequent shorter HRT achieved the highest production rate.
Lab scale studies of miscanthus mechanical conditioning and bale compression

Miscanthus is a dedicated biomass energy crop that can be used as an alternative energy source for biofuel production to decrease dependency on petroleum-based fuel sources. The mechanical properties of miscanthus pose harvest and handling issues because of the crop's stiff stalk, tall height, high yield and dense growth. This research examined the effects of a mechanical conditioning system for miscanthus on bale density, the compressive force during small square bale compression as well as the energy consumed during the compression process through lab scale studies. Miscanthus crop samples were collected and brought into a lab. Part of the samples was manually conditioned using a conditioning device. Then, unconditioned and conditioned miscanthus crops were baled using a small square baler. These bales were used for bale compression tests. The most significant finding was that, when compared to unconditioned miscanthus, conditioned miscanthus required a statistically significant decreased energy consumption (37%) during bale compression while also requiring a statistically significant decreased peak compressive force (37%). In addition, an increase in compressed small square bale density (10%) was obtained along with and density increase of 13% for the compression process was found for conditioned miscanthus when compared to unconditioned miscanthus. Based on these results, a regression relationship between pressure and bulk density for conditioned and unconditioned Miscanthus was obtained.
Review of "Content Strategy in Technical Communication by Guiseppe Getto, Jack T. Labriola, and Sheryl Ruszkiewicz (Eds.). (2020)," Content strategy in technical communication. Routledge.

Getto, Labriola, and Ruszkiewicz's edited collection, Content Strategy in Technical Communication, is an important addition to the field of technical communication, and important as one of the only collections to address best practices in content strategy while also connecting those ideas to pedagogies for teaching. In focusing specifically on content strategy, Getto, Labriola, and Ruszkiewicz note that "content strategists often work within a wide variety of organizations and must respond to an even broader array of situations, challenges, and audience needs" (p. 7). To meet this large array of needs, the chapters in the book argue that pedagogies must integrate content strategy ideas to support student exploration of content strategy work. Connecting content strategy theories and best practices with pedagogies will support more theory development on content strategy, and will provide a better sense of classroom best practices that help learners assess the effectiveness of content, regularly. To accomplish this, the editors divide the book into two parts: Content Strategy Best Practices (chapters 2 through 6) and Content Strategy Pedagogies (chapters 7 through 10).
The Critical Role of Simulation in ECMO Education

There is a natural application of simulation for the training of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) providers based upon key concepts in adult learning theory (ALT), including behaviorism, constructivism, social cognitive, and experiential learning. Application of simulation in many high-risk fields, including healthcare, has resulted in significant benefits to enhancing safety. ECMO simulation provides an optimal environment to focus on critical decision-making under pressure, practice of procedural/technical skills, and optimization of communication strategies across the interprofessional team. However, simulation is just one part of an ECMO educational curriculum, and educators should ensure that this instructional method is employed in a manner that most appropriately aligns with the goals and objectives. Additionally, assessment of ECMO providers remains a topic of significant interest, and it is likely that simulation will be utilized as part of a formal system for credentialing ECMO providers in the future.
On the Correlation between Resource Minimization and Interconnect Complexities in High-Level Synthesis

As the technology node of VLSI designs advances to sub10 nm, two interconnect-centric metrics of a circuit, the interconnect complexity (either number of interconnects or wirelength/WL) and congestion, become critically important across all design stages alongside conventional resource or function-unit (FU)-centric metrics like area/number-of-FUs and leakage power. High Level synthesis (HLS), one of the earliest and most impactful design stages, rarely monitors interconnect metrics, which makes their recovery at later stages very difficult. HLS algorithms and tools typically perform FU-centric minimization via operation scheduling, module selection (S&MS) and binding. As a consequence, it mostly overlooks interconnect-based metrics. In this paper, we explore whether this can adversely affect interconnect metrics, and in general explore the correlation between FU-centric optimization in S&MS, and the resulting interconnect metrics co-optimized (along with FU metrics) in the later binding stage(s). For this purpose we develop a probabilistic analysis for post-scheduling binding to estimate interconnect metrics, and verify its accuracy by comparison to empirical results across different scheduling techniques that generate different degrees of FU optimization. Based on both empirical and analytical results we predict how interconnects metrics will pan out with different degrees of FU optimization. Finally, based on our analysis, we also provide suggestions to improve interconnect metrics for whatever FU optimization degree an available S&MS technique can achieve.
When school bells last rung: New Jersey schools and the reaction to COVID-19.

This study was an examination of the immediate effects of remote learning during the COVID-19 shutdown in New Jersey during Spring 2020. This mixed methods study relied on survey data capturing the experiences, difficulties, and successes of 708 New Jersey public school educators during the first few weeks of the school closures. These educators were teachers, administrators, school librarians, and other school personnel. The disruptions of COVID-19 will leave indelible changes on education in New Jersey and beyond, and this research examines the beginning of these changes. The findings indicate that while educators found support from their administration, they also encountered a spectrum of difficulties relating to the absence of face-to-face contact with students, in addition to success in coping with the situation as well as some success that surpassed their experiences of schooling before the shutdown.
Coupled physics-deep learning inversion

Abstract Application of machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) to geophysical data inversion is a growing topic of interest. Opportunities are in the areas of enhanced efficiency, resolution, and uniqueness for the inversion of geophysical ill-posed problems. Direct application of standard data-driven ML approaches to inversion have quickly shown limitations in the practical implementation. Some of the problems reside in the scarcity of appropriate labeled data caused by the lack of prior knowledge on the earth model being explored. Physics-informed network training is reducing the solution to physically bounded models. ML-inversion, however, needs to compete against the battery of highly evolved physics-based (Phy) inversion techniques that represent the most efficient and best result-oriented approaches. We have developed robust and efficient workflows and algorithms for combining ML and physics-based inversions in a unified approach by providing reciprocal interference. The workflow consists of linking the ML and Phy schemes through penalty functions applied to the common model term. A process of network retraining using partial inversion results further complements the procedure. The network progressively learns the Phy requirements and steers its predictions toward the data misfit reduction. The Phy inversion process also evolves by adding pseudo randomness and nonlinearity to the deterministic approach through the pseudo-stochastic model space sampling and nonlinear hyperparameter determination provided by DL. The procedure tends to converge after several iterations to common agreeable models introducing a stochastic flavor. The Phy-DL inversion (PhyDLI) scheme is demonstrated on synthetic and field transient electromagnetic data.
Circumferential periosteal sleeve resection for limb length inequality complicated by growth plate tether

Correction of limb length inequality can be achieved by stimulation of growth of the short limb. Circumferential periosteal sleeve resection has been reported as a safe and reliable method of stimulating longitudinal bone growth. We report the complication of growth tethers to the distal tibial physes in two patients following circumferential periosteal sleeve resection to the distal femur, tibia and fibula. This was done under direct vision. This complication may have arisen due to damage to the perichondrial ring as a result of raising the periosteum too close to the distal tibial physes. A limited response may be seen in young patients following this procedure as a result of this complication. Circumferential periosteal sleeve resection for limb length inequality is a treatment option that is not without complication.
Comparison of Average Transport and Dispersion Among a Gaussian Model, a Two-Dimensional Model and a Three-Dimensional Model

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) code for predicting off-site consequences, MACCS2[1] (MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System, Version 2), is used for Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Analysis Consequence analyses, planning for emergencies, and cost-benefit analyses. It uses a simplified model for atmospheric transport and dispersion (ATD), that is, a straight-line Gaussian model. This model has been criticized as being overly simplistic, even for its purpose. The justification for its use has been that only average or expected values of metrics of interest are needed for planning and that a simplified model, by averaging metrics of interest obtained using numerous weather sequences one-by-one, compensates for the loss of structure in the meteorology that occurs away from the point of release. The simple model has been retained because of the desire to have short running times on personal computers covering the entire path through the environment, including the food and water pathway, and covering essentially a lifetime of exposure to a contaminated environment.