cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous parallel programming in Jade

The authors present Jade, a high-level parallel programming language for managing course-grain concurrency. Jade simplifies programming by providing the programmer with the abstractions of sequential execution and a shared address space. Jade programmers augment sequential, imperative programs with constructs that declare how parts of the program access data; the Jade implementation dynamically interprets this information to execute the program in parallel. This parallel execution preserves the serial semantics of the original program. Jade has been implemented as an extension to C on shared-memory multiprocessors, a message-passing machine, networks of heterogeneous workstations, and systems with special-purpose functional units. Programs written in Jade run on all of these platforms without modification. >
Selected Contribution: Gender differences in the endothelin-B receptor contribution to basal cutaneous vascular tone in humans

To test whether the contribution of endothelin-B (ET-B) receptors to resting vascular tone differs between genders, we administered the ET-B receptor antagonist BQ-788 into the forearm skin of 11 m...
The double uterus associated with an obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis

Twelve patients with a double uterus, unilateral vaginal obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis are described. The clinical presentation varies, depending on whether the obstruction was partial or complete. In rare instances a communication existed between the obstructed vaginal pouch and the opposite patent vagina through a defect in the septum of the double uterus. Early accurate diagnosis followed by the excision of the obstructing vaginal septum offers complete relief of symptoms while preserving reproductive capacity.
Reentry in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in humans

Vol. 77 Supl. 4/Octubre-Diciembre 2007:S4, 116-117 www.medigraphic.com a ablacion con cateter por radiofrecuencia de las fuentes de activacion de alta frecuencia, que se localizan en la pared posterior de la auricula izquierda, es una forma muy efectiva de terminar la fibrilacion auricular (FA) en una proporcion significativa de pacientes,1,2 lo que confirma el importante papel que juegan dichas fuentes en el mecanismo que sostiene a la FA.1-5 Sin embargo, aun no se sabe si las fuentes son focales, es decir focos automaticos o de actividad disparada, o si corresponden a actividad por reentrada (rotores). Es muy probable que la solucion de esta incognita lleve al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias en el tratamiento y/o la cura de la FA, ya sea por medios farmacologicos o invasivos. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de determinar los efectos de la infusion intravenosa de adenosina sobre la frecuencia de activacion fibrilatoria local, en las auriculas de grupos de pacientes con FA paroxistica y FA persistente.6 Tambien hemos utilizado simulaciones por computadora en un modelo bidimensional de las auriculas para ayudarnos a descifrar los resultados del estudio de electrofisiologia clinica. Ya se ha demostrado que la ablacion de las fuentes de mas alta frecuencia es efectiva en terminar la FA1,2 y se sabe tambien que la adenosina acorta el periodo refractario auricular.7,8 Consecuentemente, es de esperarse que la adenosina acelere la reentrada, hecho que corroboramos en las simulaciones. Por lo tanto, hemos utilizado la infusion intravenosa de adenosina durante la FA con el proposito de identifiEl mecanismo de reentrada en la fibrilacion auricular paroxistica del humano se comprueba durante la infusion intravenosa de adenosina
Uniform circular disks with synthetically tailorable diameters: two-dimensional nanoparticles for plasmonics

Herein, we report the synthesis of structurally uniform gold circular disks as two-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures that complement the well-established one-dimensional rod and three-dimensional shell structures. We show that a Au conproportionation reaction can be used to etch a collection of nonuniform triangular prisms into a uniform circular disk product with thickness and diameter varying <10%. These new particles have broadly tunable plasmon resonances (650–1000 nm) with narrow bandwidths (0.23–0.28 eV) and can be described as “effectively two-dimensional” plasmonic structures, as they do not support a significant transverse mode.
Effect of Initial Substrate Curvature on Nonlinear Bending Measurements of Thin-Film Stress

A recently reported nonlinear model of the bending of a thin-film/substrate bilayer provides a means for determining stress in thin films even for large deflection and ellipsoidal bending. This model replaces the usual Stoney’s equation, which is valid only for small deflections. However, the model omits consideration of the commonly observed initial curvature of the substrate before deposition. In the small deflection regime the principle of superposition justifies simply subtracting the initial curvature from the final curvature after deposition, but for large deflections this is inappropriate, because the principle of superposition is no longer valid. The present paper presents a modified form of the nonlinear model incorporating initial substrate bending. The resulting equations show that initial substrate curvature causes magnified nonlinear effects and provide a means for determining film and substrate elastic properties in addition to thin-film stress.
Strain differences in response of mice to mammary gland stimulating hormones.

SummaryFour strains of albino were studied as to mammary lobule-alveolar growth responses to anterior pituitary preparations and progesterone. Statistically significant differences in strain responses were found. The Schwing and Swiss strains of mice were definitely superior to the Kansas and Sutter strains in their response to anterior pituitary preparations. The Swiss, Kansas, and Sutter strains of mice were all inferior to the Schwing strain in response to progesterone.
Fuel Blending as a Means to Achieve Initiation in a Rotating Detonation Engine

A fuel blending technique is proposed to achieve detonation initiation of hydrocarbon-air mixtures in a rotating detonation engine (RDE). An experimental investigation is performed at the University of Cincinnati Detonation Engine Test Facility to demonstrate the efficacy of gradual fuel transition to establish rotating detonation for less detonable hydrocarbons. Baseline ethylene operability is hindered by the existence of strong, low frequency instability, generally resulting in prompt failure of the detonation. An investigation of hydrogen-ethylene fuel blends does not exhibit an expanded lightoff range, but does yield significantly augmented detonation stability and improved recovery from extinction events related to the instability. Attempts to transition from a hydrogen-assisted state to an ethylene-air mixture are hindered by the immediate onset of instability in the absence of hydrogen. As the ZND analysis predicts a limited chemical effect for the range of hydrogen fractions explored in this study, the stabilizing mechanism of hydrogen addition may be physical rather than chemical, and is possibly due to suppression of fuel plenum feedback.
ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE ON THE RAT'S ADJUSTMENT TO THE 71-HOUR WATER-DEPRIVATION SCHEDULE'

An earlier study of the rat's adjustment to water-deprivation schedules (Dufort, 1963) showed that 2 to 3 days are sufficient for adjustment to the 23-hr. schedule and 10 to 12 days are sufficient for adjustment to the 47-hr. schedule. The 18-day deprivation period used was not long enough to allow Ss to adjust to a 71-hr. schedule; however, the data showed that these Ss were in the process of adjusting and extrapolation from the data for I8 days placed the point of adjustment at 27 to 30 days. The data reported here show clearly that the rat can adjust to this schedule. The procedure was identical to that of the earlier study. Briefly, two marched groups of 7 Ss each were formed. One group was placed on a 71-hr. water-deprivation schedule; these Ss always had food available but water was available only from 1 :00 PM to 2:00 PM every third day of a 36-day deprivation period. The other group was a control group; these Ss had food and water continuously available. Measures taken for both groups were: daily body weight at 1:00 PM, body weight at 2:00 PM on days when water was available during the preceding hour, weight gain clurin~ the hour, and water intake during the hour. All measures taken for the deprived group reached stable values well within the 36-day period. Body weight at 1 :00 PM declined for 24 days and thereafter remained relatively stable while body weight at 2:OO PM declined for 27 days before reaching stable values. Weight gain increased for 24 days, and water intake increased for 21 days, before reaching stable values. From these trends it may be concluded that approximately 24 days are required for the rat to adjust to this schedule. The trends observed in the control group were the same as found in the earlier study. These findings for the 71-hr. schedule, together with the previous findings showing adjustment to the 47-hr. schedule, make these schedules available to investigators who wish to use more severe deprivation than provided by the standard 23-hr. schedule. It is interesting to contrasr these results with those of a recent study of food deprivation (Duforr, 1964) which found that the rat cannot adjust to either the 47-hr. or the 71-hr. food-deprivation schedule.
Thermal Stresses of Asphalt Overlay on Cement Concrete Pavement (I):Mechanistic Models

The paper presents a comparative study of the applicability of solid model,plane model and bi-layer beams on elastic foundation model which are employed to analyze the thermal stresses of asphalt overlay paved on cement concrete pavement slabs.Study results show that it is feasible to represent the structural deformation of asphalt overlay by means of superposition of deformations occurring in two sets of beams perpendicular to each other.Due to the discontinuity at the joints of cement concrete pavement slabs,the thermal stresses of asphalt overlay near the joints concentrate remankably,and are more difficult to converge than sectional inner forces(axial force,sectional moment).It is appropriate to describe the stress state of asphalt overlay with the sectional inner forces.By adjusting the coefficients of horizontal shear and uniaxial tension-compression effects,the sectional inner forces of asphalt overlay obtained with bi-layer beams model agrees well with that based upon plane model.
Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine, Levels of Evidence, and Systematic Reviews

Diseases of the ears, nose, and throat affect the vast majority of the world’s population. In fact, otolaryngologic complaints are the most common reasons for adult and pediatric outpatient medical visits, and more than three million related surgical procedures are performed annually in the United States alone. Although medical and surgical developments have relentlessly advanced this field, the educational and explanatory literature regarding the evidence supporting those advancements has lagged behind. This deficiency is made more pronounced by burgeoning pressure from the academic medical community, third-party financiers, and members of the legal arena. Such growing responsibility to practice evidence-based medicine requires physicians to understand and critique the millions of articles that have been and continue to be published regarding the treatment of head and neck diseases. Time constraints and the overwhelming number of trials, however, serve as dauinting obstacles for physicians who are now under such pressure to adopt an evidence-based approach.
Oligohydramnios in relation to roentgen signs of fetal death; case report.

Mrs. E. Y., a 25year-old para ii, gravida ii, had her last menstrual period on Nov. 2, 1952. In December, 1952, she had some vaginal bleeding which stopped within a few days. On April 16, 1953, she was admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding. Although the patient claimed she felt life, no fetal heart sounds were hearcl. The uterus was smaller than the expected size. The bleeding stopped and she was dismisse(l on April 19. She continued to feel life and the heart tones were occasionally detectable, but the uterus did not become larger. On April 23 roentgenograms made in the supine and upright positions revealed loss of tone of the fetus, suggesting a nonviable fetus (Figs. 1 and 2). The patient continued to bleed intermittently, with occasional cramps. In llay~, t,he uterus had not enlarged noticeably. At this time, she felt life and good feta1 heart tones were heard. On May 10 she was readmitted to the hospital with bleeding and contractions. The uterus was no larger than a 4 months’ pregnancy. Despite the usual treatment, she started to have regular labor pains on May 12 and 7 hours later expelled the intact amniotic sac and placenta together. The sac was opened and no amniotic fluid except about one tablespoonful of thick mucoid material was founcl. The baby was alive and crietl spontaneously. ‘The source of the bleeding was not founcl. The baby weighed 1 pound, 11 ounces and was placed in an incubator. On the third day an attempt was made to put a catheter into the baby’s stomach for feeding purposes. Shortly thereafter, the baby became cyanotic and died.
Computed Tomography Use for Adults With Head Injury: Describing Likely Avoidable Emergency Department Imaging Based on the Canadian CT Head Rule.

Background Millions of head computed tomography (CT) scans are ordered annually, but the extent of avoidable imaging is poorly defined. Objectives The objective was to determine the prevalence of likely avoidable CT imaging among adults evaluated for head injury in 14 community emergency departments (EDs) in Southern California. Methods We conducted an electronic health record (EHR) database and chart review of adult ED trauma encounters receiving a head CT from 2008 to 2013. The primary outcome was discordance with the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) high-risk criteria; the secondary outcome was use of a neurosurgical intervention in the discordant cohort. We queried systemwide EHRs to identify CCHR discordance using criteria identifiable in discrete data fields. Explicit chart review of a subset of discordant CTs provided estimates of misclassification bias and assessed the low-risk cases who actually received an intervention. Results Among 27,240 adult trauma head CTs, EHR data classified 11,432 (42.0%) discordant with CCHR recommendation. Subsequent chart review showed that the designation of discordance based on the EHR was inaccurate in 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.6% to 18.8%). Inter-rater reliability for attributing CCHR concordance was 95% (κ = 0.86). Thus, we estimate that 36.8% of trauma head CTs were truly likely avoidable (95% CI = 34.1% to 39.6%). Among the likely avoidable CT group identified by EHR, only 0.1% (n = 13) received a neurosurgical intervention. Chart review showed none of these were actually “missed” by the CCHR, as all 13 were misclassified. Conclusion About one-third of head CTs currently performed on adults with head injury may be avoidable by applying the CCHR. Avoidance of CT in such patients is unlikely to miss any important injuries.
The Poetics of Voice in Beckett’s Company

It is curious that a novella such as Company, one of Beckett’s lastprose works, would get such limited attention. Perhaps that isbecause of the autobiographical nature of the piece or because itis too short or because most of his prose writing tends to be subsumedby his dramatic pieces. Yet Company is a rather startling bitof prose and the poetics of the piece, especially in relation to ‘voice’,are certainly as dynamic as any of Beckett’s other prose writing.The structure of Company is simple, the prose, laconic: in fewerthan twelve-thousand words there are 58 paragraphs in 56 pages,with extra-wide margins and numerous gaps of paragraphicalwhite space, in which he presents a microbiography of the narrator’slife. The paragraphs seem to follow two forms: a bit more thanthree dozen, 42 to be exact, tell about a figure ‘lying on his back inthe dark’ and 15 relate to the microbiography. The man is silentand is referred to as the listener or hearer; he is mute while thevoices he hears compete for a kind of mental domination. But thebest point of departure for a study of Beckett’s poetics of voice inCompany is to refer to Three Dialogues with Georges Duthuit in whichhe says: ‘The expression that there is nothing to express, nothingwith which to express, nothing from which to express, no power toexpress, together with the obligation to express’ (Beckett, ThreeDialogues, p. 103). The operative word here is ‘expression’, the actof transforming ideas into words and the words are mediated byvoice, voice rendered. ‘The voice has been dramatic since itsappearance in Molloy, and the possibilities of staging it wereenhanced in 1965 when Beckett assisted two friends in such anenterprise’ (Acheson, p. 193).Beckett’s dramatic pieces have, by and large, been the mostsalient examples of voice in his oeuvre and the play, Not I, possiblythe most salient example of the salient examples. It is worth payingattention to what Beckett has done in Not I as a kind of prelude towhat he does in Company. If one looks at the opening note .
A return on investment metric for incorporating sustainability in process integration and improvement projects

A new approach is proposed for the inclusion of sustainability issues in the assessment and prioritization of process improvement projects. It is based on extending the conventional economic return on investment to include the beneficial or detrimental impacts of a project on sustainability early in the design process. The concept of aggregate sustainability metrics is coupled with economic profitability and process integration targets (benchmarks) to develop a unified metric that evaluates the augmented value of the project profitability and contribution to sustainability relative to the capital investment. Because of the return on investment nature of the proposed metric and because of its augmented inclusion of economic and other sustainability factors, it can be readily incorporated in typical process engineering activities and can be used by decision makers to make informed decisions regarding the viability of the projects and their impact on sustainability.
Using history to teach physics

Cameron Reed describes how he uses the Manhattan Project as a way to introduce students to scientific concepts and issues
IVF global histories, USA: between Rock and a marketplace

The USA has played, and continues to play, a distinctive and significant part in the history of IVF and assisted reproductive technology worldwide. American IVF emerged in the scientific context of contraceptive and fertility research, in the social context of a wealthy nation without universal healthcare, and in the political context of the abortion debate and its impact on federal versus state funding and regulation. IVF had its first clinical success in the USA in 1981. Since then, IVF in the USA has become known for procedures involving third, fourth and fifth parties as gamete donors and surrogates. The USA has also been one of the pioneers in domestic and transnational deployment of IVF for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) parenthood, and a pioneer of the social egg-freezing revolution. US IVF has been marked by professional and patient advocacy for such things as the honest reporting of success rates, recognition of the risks of postponed childbearing, and the need for insurance coverage. Certain landmark legal custody disputes over IVF embryos and offspring, as well as media attention to gendered, racialized, and class-based access to and pricing of assisted reproductive technology, have also driven the development of IVF in the USA.
Mesh addition based on the depth image (MABDI)

Many robotic applications, especially those whose goal is to aid or assist through human-robot interaction, utilize a rich map of the world for reasoning tasks such as collision detection, path planning, or object recognition. Such map, and the method used to produce it, must take into consideration real-world constraints. Most mesh-based mapping algorithms resemble a “black box” and do not provide a mechanism to close the loop and make decisions about the incoming information. MABDI leverages the global mesh by finding the difference between what we expect to see and what we are actually seeing, and using this to classify the incoming measurements as novel or not. This allows the surface reconstruction method to be run only on data that has not yet been represented in the global mesh. The result is an algorithm that becomes computationally inexpensive once the environment is known, but can also react to new objects.
Immunoengineering nerve repair

Injuries to the peripheral nervous system are major sources of disability and often result in painful neuropathies or the impairment of muscle movement and/or normal sensations. For gaps smaller than 10 mm in rodents, nearly normal functional recovery can be achieved; for longer gaps, however, there are challenges that have remained insurmountable. The current clinical gold standard used to bridge long, nonhealing nerve gaps, the autologous nerve graft (autograft), has several drawbacks. Despite best efforts, engineering an alternative "nerve bridge" for peripheral nerve repair remains elusive; hence, there is a compelling need to design new approaches that match or exceed the performance of autografts across critically sized nerve gaps. Here an immunomodulatory approach to stimulating nerve repair in a nerve-guidance scaffold was used to explore the regenerative effect of reparative monocyte recruitment. Early modulation of the immune environment at the injury site via fractalkine delivery resulted in a dramatic increase in regeneration as evident from histological and electrophysiological analyses. This study suggests that biasing the infiltrating inflammatory/immune cellular milieu after injury toward a proregenerative population creates a permissive environment for repair. This approach is a shift from the current modes of clinical and laboratory methods for nerve repair, which potentially opens an alternative paradigm to stimulate endogenous peripheral nerve repair.
Primary Culture System for Germ Cells from Caenorhabditis elegans Tumorous Germline Mutants

The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line is an important model system for the study of germ stem cells. Wild-type C. elegans germ cells are syncytial and therefore cannot be isolated in in vitro cultures. In contrast, the germ cells from tumorous mutants can be fully cellularized and isolated intact from the mutant animals. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of germ cells from tumorous mutants that allows the germ cells to be maintained for extended periods in an in vitro primary culture. This protocol has been adapted from Chaudhari et al., 2016.
APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHITE COMPOSITES TO DIMENSIONALLY STABLE SATELLITE STRUCTURES

This paper presents an appreciation of the success attained in the application of graphite composites to dimensionally stable satellite structures. To exemplify this, the discussion describes the performance attained in an early development article, examples of the subsequent proliferation of applications, and the accepted potential of graphite composites for the ultra-large satellite structures of the future.
Abstract 3150: Partnering with Emergency Department Staff Educators Increases the Number of Notifications to the Acute Stroke Research Team

Background: Preparation for the Joint Commission survey to determine Primary Stroke Center Certification requires extensive education of staff in all areas a stroke patient will be during their hospitalization. Research personnel in the Emergency Department (ED) often rely on clinical staff for notification of potential research participants. When present in the treatment area research personnel are notified in person or find potential participants by reviewing a patient’s chief complaint or admitting diagnosis. When outside the treatment area, particularly during times when on call from outside the hospital, the research staff is dependent on notification by clinical staff. Methods: During the survey preparation, ED staff was educated in care of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients according to AHA/ASA guidelines. During the formal nursing education research personnel gave short presentations on currently enrolling acute stroke trials and gave instructions on how to reach the research team in the event that a potential study participant entered the ED. Quarterly research reports were given at the Emergency Medicine resident’s conference. Education was given to the nursing and medical staff from October 2010 through July 2011 when the survey took place. The database of the online paging system was reviewed for the time period April 2010 through July 2011. Test, demonstration, non-stroke study and calls from other institutions were deleted from the data set. The remaining calls were divided by the month in which they were placed. Results: The research team received on average 5 calls per month during the six months prior to the AHA/ASA education. During the education time the research team received on average 9.6 calls per month. Conclusion: Acute stroke research personnel increase the number of potential patient notifications by participating in ED staff education for the Primary Stroke Center Certification survey.
Scalable static and dynamic community detection using Grappolo

Graph clustering, popularly known as community detection, is a fundamental kernel for several applications of relevance to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit (HIVE) Program. Clusters or communities represent natural divisions within a network that are densely connected within a cluster and sparsely connected to the rest of the network. The need to compute clustering on large scale data necessitates the development of efficient algorithms that can exploit modern architectures that are fundamentally parallel in nature. However, due to their irregular and inherently sequential nature, many of the current algorithms for community detection are challenging to parallelize. In response to the HIVE Graph Challenge, we present several parallelization heuristics for fast community detection using the Louvain method as the serial template. We implement all the heuristics in a software library called Grappolo. Using the inputs from the HIVE Challenge, we demonstrate superior performance and high quality solutions based on four parallelization heuristics. We use Grappolo on static graphs as the first step towards community detection on streaming graphs.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Handicap in a College-Aged Population.

Objective: Tinnitus is a common otological condition that affects almost 10% of US adults. Research suggests that college students are vulnerable to tinnitus and hearing loss as they are exposed to traumatic levels of noise on a regular basis. Tinnitus and its influence in daily living continue to be underappreciated in the college-aged population. Therefore, the objective for the present study was to analyze prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus and tinnitus-related handicap in a sample of college-aged students. Design: A survey was administered to 678 students aged 18–30 years in a cross-section of randomly selected university classes. The survey was adopted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010). It inquired about demographic details, medical and audiological history, routine noise exposure, smoking, sound level tolerance, tinnitus, and tinnitus-related handicap in daily living. Tinnitus-related handicap was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Participants were divided into four groups: chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for >1 year), acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for ≤1 year), subacute tinnitus (at least one experience of tinnitus in a lifetime), and no tinnitus (no experience of tinnitus in a lifetime). Results: The prevalence of chronic, acute, subacute, and no tinnitus was 8.4%, 13.0%, 37.9%, and 40.7% respectively. Almost 9% of subjects with any form of tinnitus reported more than a slight tinnitus-related handicap (i.e., THI score ≥18). A multinomial regression analysis revealed that individuals with high noise exposure, high sound level tolerance score, recurring ear infections, and self-reported hearing loss had high odds of chronic tinnitus. Females showed higher prevalence of acute tinnitus than males. Individuals with European American ethnicity and smoking history showed high odds of reporting subacute tinnitus. Almost 10% of the subjects reported that they were music students. The prevalence of chronic, acute, and subacute tinnitus was 11.3%, 22.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, for musicians, which was significantly higher than that for nonmusicians. Music exposure, firearm noise exposure, and occupational noise exposure were significantly correlated with tinnitus. Temporal characteristics of tinnitus, self-reported tinnitus loudness, and sound level tolerance were identified as major predictors for the overall THI score. Conclusions: Despite the reluctance to complain about tinnitus, a substantial portion of college-aged individuals reported tinnitus experience and its adverse influence in daily living. It was concluded that environmental and health-related factors can trigger tinnitus perception, while self-reported psychoacoustic descriptors of tinnitus may explain perceived tinnitus-related handicap in daily living by college-aged individuals. Future research is required to explore effects of tinnitus on educational achievements, social interaction, and vocational aspects of college students.
In vivo RNAi screening identifies Pafah1b3 as a target for combination therapy with TKIs in BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL.

Despite the addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to the treatment of patients with BCR-ABL1+ B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL), relapse both with and without BCR-ABL1 mutations is a persistent clinical problem. To identify BCR-ABL1-independent genetic mediators of response to the TKI dasatinib, we performed in vivo and in vitro RNA interference (RNAi) screens in a transplantable syngeneic mouse model of BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL. By using a novel combination of a longitudinal screen design and independent component analysis of screening data, we identified hairpins that have distinct behavior in different therapeutic contexts as well as in the in vivo vs in vitro settings. In the set of genes whose loss sensitized BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL cells to dasatinib, we identified Pafah1b3, which regulates intracellular levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), as an in vivo-specific mediator of therapeutic response. Pafah1b3 loss significantly sensitized leukemia cells to the multiple TKIs, indicating that inhibition of PAFAH1B3 in combination with TKI treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL patients. PAF-induced cell death as well as surface levels of PAF receptor (PAFR) in our model are altered upon dasatinib treatment and depend on the local leukemia microenvironment; the response of Pafah1b3 KO vs overexpressing cells to dasatinib is also dependent on microenvironmental context. Antagonism of the PAFR partially reverses the observed sensitization to TKI treatment upon Pafah1b3 loss in vivo, suggesting that signaling via the PAF/PAFR pathway is at least partially responsible for this effect.
The Role of Surgical Airway Access

Anesthesiologists and head and neck surgeons traditionally have embodied the phenomenon of collegial interactions, and few professional interactions are more rewarding than those that result in successful management of a patient with a difficult airway. In these situations, the difficult airway becomes a shared challenge that demands mutual trust and cooperation between otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist [1]. Pre-intubation communication is mandatory, with arrangements of intubation details and contingency plans outlined. This chapter will focus on how the head and neck surgeon can aid the anesthesiologist during the perioperative care of a patient with a challenging airway.
Spastic paraplegia and diplegia. An evaluation of non-surgical and surgical factors influencing the prognosis for ambulation.

1. A concept of the natural history of motor development in children with spastic paraplegia and diplegia has been presented, based on a study of motor development tests.2. The severity index, the months of motor development at the chronological age of three years, can be used to prognosticate the c
Heart Disease/Attack

Chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), high blood pressure, and stroke, is the leading cause of death in developed countries. CVD is caused by the interaction of physiological, environmental, and behavioral variables, many of which are a function of individuals' lifestyles and can, to some extent, be controlled and modified by the individual.
The link between morphosyntactic accuracy and textbook presentation: The morphosyntax of subject‐verb agreement in Arabic

The acquisition of morphosyntax presents challenges for learners of all second/foreign languages. This cross‐sectional study investigated English‐speaking learners’ morphosyntactic accuracy in the symmetrical subject‐verb agreement type (in subject‐initial sentences) and in the asymmetrical subject‐verb agreement type (in verb‐initial sentences) in Arabic. In addition, it examined the extent to which their accuracy rates were reflected in implicit exposure to and explicit presentation of those structures. The results of a prompted production task showed that first‐, second‐, and third‐year learners exhibited low morphosyntactic accuracy rates only in the asymmetrical type. In addition, the production of Group 2 (second‐year) and Group 3 (third‐year) was patterned after that of Group 1 (first‐year) in the symmetrical type but exhibited greater variation in the asymmetrical type. Implications for explicit textbook presentation and instruction of morphosyntactic intricacies are discussed.
The inverted ketene synthon: a double umpolung approach to enantioselective β 2,3 -amino amide synthesis

A stereocontrolled synthesis of β2,3-amino amides is reported. Innovation is encapsulated by the first use of nitroalkenes to achieve double umpolung in enantioselective β-amino amide synthesis. Step economy is also fulfilled by the use of Umpolung Amide Synthesis (UmAS) in the second step, delivering the amide product without intermediacy of a carboxylic acid or activated derivative. Molybdenum oxide-mediated hydride reduction provides the anti-β2,3-amino amide with high selectivity.
Online learning in schools of business: The impact of quality assurance measures

As higher education students have become more diverse, institutions have sought innovative ways to accommodate them. Given the demand for business as a major, business schools, in particular, need ...
“Something Rich and Strange”: Global Listening and The Tempest

“‘Something Rich and Strange’: Global Listening and The Tempest,” expands Michel Serres’s notion of “global listening” as a sphere of auditory sensation to include the resonance between the theater space (like the Globe Theatre) and the terrestrial globe as it was understood in early modern England. Wood argues that the music Ariel sings contains lyrics that echo Marlowe’s Hero and Leander, so that the audience may have concluded that The Tempest’s island was somewhere in the East, if not somehow in the Hellespont itself. However, references to the New World also abound. Wood ultimately concludes that the island is a deliberately palimpsested space, combining tonalities from the New World in concert with the Old World, creating a “rich and strange” global soundscape in The Tempest.
Autologous Osteoarticular Transfer From the Lateral Femoral Condyle to the Scaphoid Facet in the Treatment of a Malunited Pediatric Distal Radius Fracture With Physeal Bar.

Background: Injury to the articular surface of the distal radius commonly occurs after a fall onto an outstretched hand. Intra-articular fractures that cause joint depression require operative inte...
Ethical Perspectives on Neuromarketing: An Interview With Will Allred.

AJOB Neurocience (AJOB N): Will, you are the chief operating officer of the relatively new startup Sorter. Tell us about the company.Will Allred (WA): We are building a neuromarketing platform for ...
Female family members lack understanding of indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results shared by probands

Genetic test results have important implications for close family members. Indeterminate negative results are the most common outcome of BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Little is known about family members' understanding of indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to investigate how daughters and sisters received and understood genetic test results as shared by their mothers or sisters. Participants included 81 women aged 40-74 with mothers or sisters previously diagnosed with breast cancer and who received indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. Participants had never been diagnosed with breast cancer nor received their own genetic testing or counseling. This Institutional Review Board-approved study utilized semi-structured interviews and surveys. Descriptive coding with theme development was used during qualitative analysis. Participants reported low amounts of information shared with them. Most women described test results as negative and incorrectly interpreted the test to mean there was no genetic component to the pattern of cancer in their families. Only seven of 81 women accurately described test results consistent with the meaning of an indeterminate negative. Our findings demonstrate that indeterminate negative genetic test results are not well understood by family members. Lack of understanding may lead to an inability to effectively communicate results to primary care providers and missed opportunities for prevention, screening, and further genetic testing. Future research should evaluate acceptability and feasibility of providing family members letters they can share with their own primary care providers.
The Proper Dissipative Extensions of a Dual Pair

Let A and \({(-\widetilde{A})}\) be dissipative operators on a Hilbert space \({\mathcal{H}}\) and let \({(A,\widetilde{A})}\) form a dual pair, i.e. \({A \subset \widetilde{A}^*}\), resp. \({\widetilde{A} \subset A^*}\). We present a method of determining the proper dissipative extensions \({\widehat{A}}\) of this dual pair, i.e. \({A\subset \widehat{A} \subset\widetilde{A}^*}\) provided that \({\mathcal{D}(A)\cap\mathcal{D}(\widetilde{A})}\) is dense in \({\mathcal{H}}\). Applications to symmetric operators, symmetric operators perturbed by a relatively bounded dissipative operator and more singular differential operators are discussed. Finally, we investigate the stability of the numerical range of the different dissipative extensions.
Metabolic Bone Disease

This chapter provides an overview of techniques to measure bone mass and structure as well as techniques to measure vertebral deformity. The current standard technique to measure bone mass is dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which allows to classify bone mineral density as normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic using so-called T-scores. It also allows to sensitively monitor therapy. An alternative technique is quantitative CT (QCT) which is substantially less frequently used but provides volumetric and not areal BMD and may be more sensitive to change by only measuring trabecular bone. Peripheral QCT, quantitative ultrasound, and radiographic measurements are available to assess bone mass and structure but not as established as DXA. Measurements of bone structure are mostly used in research. To document osteoporotic vertebral fractures the Genant semiquantitative technique has been established and allows to classify severity of fractures; radiologists play a critical role in diagnosing these frequently asymptomatic fractures and thus initiating therapy.
3D Path-Following Using MRAC on a Millimeter-Scale Spiral-Type Magnetic Robot

This letter focuses on the 3D path-following of a spiral-type helical magnetic swimmer in a water-filled workspace. The swimmer has a diameter of 2.5 mm, a length of 6 mm, and is controlled by an external time-varying magnetic field. A method to compensate undesired magnetic gradient forces is proposed and tested. Five swimmer designs with different thread pitch values were experimentally analyzed. All were controlled by the same model reference adaptive controller (MRAC). Compared to a conventional hand-tuned PI controller, their 3D path-following performance is significantly improved by using MRAC. At an average speed of ${\text{50}}\,\text{mm}$ /s, the path-following mean error of the MRAC is 3.8 $ \;\pm\; $ 1.8 mm, less than one body length of the swimmer. The versatility of this new controller is demonstrated by analyzing path-following through obstacles on a helical trajectory and forward & backward motion.
Relapse or reinfection: Classification of malaria infection using transition likelihoods.

In patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with effective blood-stage therapy, the recurrent illness may occur due to relapse from latent liver-stage infection or reinfection from a new mosquito bite. Classification of the recurrent infection as either relapse or reinfection is critical when evaluating the efficacy of an anti-relapse treatment. Although one can use whether a shared genetic variant exists between baseline and recurrence genotypes to classify the outcome, little has been suggested to use both sharing and nonsharing variants to improve the classification accuracy. In this paper, we develop a novel classification criterion that utilizes transition likelihoods to distinguish relapse from reinfection. When tested in extensive simulation experiments with known outcomes, our classifier has superior operating characteristics. A real data set from 78 Cambodian P. vivax malaria patients was analyzed to demonstrate the practical use of our proposed method.
Sex differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation after chronic unpredictable stress.

Introduction Exposure to stress, mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elicits sex differences in endocrine, neurological, and behavioral responses. However, the sex-specific factors that confer resilience or vulnerability to stress and stress-associated psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown. The evident sex differences in stress-related disease prevalence suggest the underlying differences in the neurobiological underpinnings of HPA axis regulation. Method Here, we used a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model to investigate the behavioral and biochemical responses of the HPA axis in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were tested in the open field and forced swim test to examine anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured after behavior and CUS, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and cytosolic and nuclear fractions of binding protein FKBP51 expression were taken to measure function and regulation of the stress response. Results Our results indicate increased depressive-like behavior in males and females which correlated with increased corticosterone levels following CUS. However, females displayed more anxiety-like behaviors with and without CUS. Interestingly, we found trends toward dysregulation of GR protein expression in CUS females, and an increase in the GR inhibitory protein, FKBP51, in the cytosol of CUS males but not females. Conclusion These results suggest biochemical alterations to the HPA axis regulation which may elicit a glucocorticoid resistance in females after chronic stress and may contribute to the sex-biased vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
State Minimal Objectives and Testing, the Michigan Council's Experience.

In Michigan, statewide testing of basic skills has been a reality since 1970. Since that time, the Michigan Council of Teach ers of Mathematics (MCTM) has become increasingly involved in the state program in preparing objectives, writing test items, interpreting test results, publishing teach ing suggestions, and a variety of other ac tivities. This article describes the Michigan assessment effort and MCTM's in volvement and discusses a few of the issues that have emerged. Two MCTM position statements are included elsewhere in this journal.
Low dose HSP90 inhibition with AUY922 blunts rapid evolution of metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes induced by TGF-β and paclitaxel in A549 cells.

Abstract Objectives Despite advances in cancer treatment, drug resistance and metastasis continue to contribute to treatment failure. Since drug resistance and metastasis in cancer are features that often occur toward the late stages in the disease after withstanding numerous selective pressures, they may rely on a shared adaptive mechanism in order to persist. The heat shock response is one of the most well conserved adaptive responses to cellular stress found in nature. A major player in the heat shock response is HSP90, with some studies suggesting that it can facilitate the molecular evolution of drug resistance and metastasis in cancer. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are strongly associated with drug resistance and metastasis either at the time of diagnosis or early in the treatment process. Materials and Methods We explored the role of HSP90 in the evolution of metastatic and drug resistant features in NSCLC by treating A549 cells with AUY922, a clinically relevant HSP90 inhibitor, and inducing metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes via treatment with TGF-β and paclitaxel, respectively. We measured phenotypic plasticity in E-Cadherin, a marker for epithelial to mesenchymal transition and two ABC transporters associated with drug resistant lung cancers. Results We found that metastatic and efflux dependent drug resistant features negatively correlated with AUY922 treatment. We followed our results with functional assays relevant to metastasis and ABC transporters to confirm our results. Specifically we found the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased in A549 cultures pretreated with AUY922 prior to exposure to paclitaxel, while expression of the drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1 was significantly reduced under similar conditions. Conclusion Together our data indicates that HSP90 inhibition with AUY922 can limit the acquisition of metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes in A549 cells at low, clinically appropriate doses.
Discovery and Optimization of Small-Molecule Ligands for V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T-Cell Activation (VISTA)

V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint that affects the ability of T-cells to attack tumors. A FRET-based high throughput screening identified NSC622608 as the first small-molecule ligand for VISTA. Investigation of the interaction of NSC622608 with VISTA using STD NMR and molecular modeling enabled the identification of a potential binding site in VISTA for NSC622608. Screening NSC622608 against a library of single-point VISTA mutants revealed the key residues in VISTA interacting with NSC622608. Further structural optimization resulted in a lead with submicromolar VISTA binding affinity. The lead compound blocked VISTA signaling in vitro, enhanced T-cell proliferation, and restored T-cell activation in the presence of VISTA-expressing cancer cell lines. This work would enable future development of small molecules targeting VISTA as immunomodulators and imaging probes.