cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of spray-dried blood meal and blood cells in diets for nursery pigs.

We used a total of 680 pigs to compare spray-dried blood meal and blood cells in nursery diets. In Exp. 1, 350 barrows (17 +/- 2 d of age at weaning) were used to compare three levels of spray-dried blood meal or blood cells (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) in the diet fed from d 5 to 19 postweaning (6.6 to 9.9 kg). Inclusion of either blood product improved ADG (P 0.05) in growth performance were detected between the two blood products from d 7 to 14. In Exp. 2, 380 barrows (initial BW of 10.7 kg and 41 +/- 2 d of age) were used to determine lysine bioavailability of spray-dried blood meal and blood cells via the slope ratio procedure. With G:F ratio as the response criterion, blood meal and blood cells had similar lysine bioavailability relative to crystalline lysine. These experiments indicate that both blood products had similar lysine bioavailability, and that pigs fed spray-dried blood meal had greater performance during the initial 7 d (d 5 to 12 after weaning). However, as the pigs became heavier, there were no differences observed in performance of pigs fed either blood meal or blood cells.
Ambient air pollution epidemiology systematic review and meta-analysis: A review of reporting and methods practice.

Abstract Background Systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) are increasingly employed in environmental health (EH) epidemiology and, provided methods and reporting are sound, contribute to translating science evidence to policy. Ambient air pollution (AAP) is both among the leading environmental causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and of growing policy relevance due to health co-benefits associated with greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Objectives We reviewed the published AAP SRMA literature (2009 to mid-2015), and evaluated the consistency of methods, reporting and evidence evaluation using a 22-point questionnaire developed from available best-practice consensus guidelines and emerging recommendations for EH. Our goal was to contribute to enhancing the utility of AAP SRMAs to EH policy. Results and discussion We identified 43 studies that used both SR and MA techniques to examine associations between the AAPs PM 2.5 , PM 10, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and O 3 , and various health outcomes. On average AAP SRMAs partially or thoroughly addressed 16 of 22 questions (range 10–21), and thoroughly addressed 13 of 22 (range 5–19). We found evidence of an improving trend over the period. However, we observed some weaknesses, particularly infrequent formal reviews of underlying study quality and risk-of-bias that correlated with lower frequency of thorough evaluation for key study quality parameters. Several other areas for enhanced reporting are highlighted. Conclusions The AAP SRMA literature, in particular more recent studies, indicate broad concordance with current and emerging best practice guidance. Development of an EH-specific SRMA consensus statement including a risk-of-bias evaluation tool, would be a contribution to enhanced reliability and robustness as well as policy utility.
Cross talk of signaling and apoptotic cascades in the CNS: target for virus modulation

Signaling cascades that regulate proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis determine cell life and death decisions. All are targets of virus modulation. These cascades are briefly described in this review, underscoring cross talk and the integration of distinct signals that contribute to central nervous system (CNS) disease.
“Truly a Women of Color Organization”: Negotiating Sameness and Difference in Pursuit of Intersectionality

Research on the U.S. women’s movement has documented the difficulties of cross-racial work between White women and women of racial/ethnic minorities. Less understood is how racial/ethnic minorities do cross-racial work among themselves to construct a collective identity of “women of color” that encourages solidarity across race, class, and other statuses. Drawing on research from the reproductive justice movement, I examine how women of color organizations that strive for intersectional praxis negotiate sameness and difference. I identify two different logics at work within women of color organizations: the first relies on a presumption of “same difference” that emphasizes similar experiences of gender and race oppression; the second accords greater recognition to the “difference-in-sameness” that structures constituents’ lived experiences. While the former can reproduce precisely those forms of silencing and exclusion that women of color organizations seek to challenge, the second remains a (necessarily)...
Delayed presentation of penetrating carotid injury: Two cases and a review of the literature

BackgroundCarotid injuries secondary to a penetrating mechanism of trauma can present immediately, weeks, or even years after the initial injury. Although uncommon, these injuries are associated wi...
Revisiting Uniform Computable Categoricity: For the Sixtieth Birthday of Prof. Rod Downey

Inspired by recent work of Csima and Harrison-Trainor and of Montalban in relativizing the notion of degrees of categoricity, we return to uniform computable categoricity, as described in work of Downey, Hirschfeldt and Khoussainov. Our attempt to integrate these notions together leads to certain new questions about relativizing the concept of the jump of a structure, as well as to an idea of the structural information content of a countable structure, i.e., that information which can be recovered uniformly from copies of the structure.
Recurrent GNAQ mutations in anastomosing hemangiomas

Anastomosing hemangiomas are recently described benign vascular lesions that occur chiefly in the genitourinary tract and paravertebral soft tissues. Owing to their rarity and unusual cytoarchitectural features, anastomosing hemangiomas are frequently confused with low-grade angiosarcomas. The specific genetic alterations underlying these lesions are currently unknown. We performed capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing analysis on 13 anastomosing hemangiomas and identified frequent somatic mutations in the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit, GNAQ. Nine of 13 cases (69%) harbored a somatic mutation at GNAQ codon 209, a known hotspot that is commonly mutated in uveal melanoma and blue nevi, as well as various congenital vascular proliferations. No other pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were identified in these genetically simple lesions. The finding of a recurrent driver mutation in the G-protein signal transduction pathway provides strong evidence that anastomosing hemangiomas are indeed clonal vascular neoplasms.
Geometrical properties and accelerated gradient solvers of non-convex phase retrieval

We consider recovering a signal x ∈ ℝn from the magnitudes of Gaussian measurements by minimizing a second order yet non-smooth loss function. By exploiting existing concentration results of the loss function, we show that the non-convex loss function satisfies several quadratic geometrical properties. Based on these geometrical properties, we characterize the linear convergence of the sequence of function graph generated by the gradient flow on minimizing the loss function. Furthermore, we propose an accelerated version of the gradient flow, and establish an in-exact linear convergence of the generated sequence of function graph by exploiting the quadratic geometries of the loss function. Then, we verify the numerical advantages of the proposed algorithms over other state-of-art algorithms.
SEE and TID Effects in Transistors and Voltage Reference Devices

We tested two transistor and two voltage reference devices for single event effects and combined displacement damage and total ionizing dose effects. The results of these tests are reported along with select on-orbit rate calculations.
Parallels Between Skeletal Muscle and Bone Aging

Skeletal muscle and bone share a common embryonic origin, form an integrated system that supports physical function, and concurrently undergo remarkable deterioration with aging. Although predominantly studied in isolation, progressive loss of skeletal muscle and deterioration of bone appear coordinated temporally, related mechanistically, and partnered clinically in the context of functional limitations, falls, and fractures. Herein, we discuss age-related changes in skeletal muscle and bone, their implications, and their underlying cellular mechanisms, with particular focus on an emerging area of cellular senescence.
Blunted cerebral vascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in obese individuals.

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by more than 45%. Furthermore, obesity is a contributing factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. The mechanisms accounting for this increased disease risk have not been clarified. This study tested the hypothesis that the total range of change (a) in cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebral vascular conductance (CVCI) as well as maximum (y0) CBV and CVCI achieved during rebreathing-induced hypercapnia would be attenuated in obese individuals (obese). 16 lean and 15 obese individuals participated. The magnitude of rebreathing-induced hypercapnia was similar between groups (Lean: ∆ 15 ± 3 mmHg vs. Obese ∆ 15 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.82). The total range of change in CBV during rebreathing (a; percentage) was similar between groups (Lean: 91 ± 24 % vs. Obese: 76 ± 19 %, P = 0.07) whereas the total range of change in CVCI during rebreathing (a; percentage) was attenuated in the Obese (Lean: 71 ± 20 % vs. Obese: 51 ± 15 %, P < 0.01). Likewise, the maximal increase in CBV during rebreathing (y0; percentage) was similar between groups (Lean: 189 ± 22 % vs. Obese: 179 ± 20 %, P = 0.20) whereas the maximal increase in CVCI during rebreathing (y0; percentage) was attenuated in the Obese (Lean: 172 ± 19 % vs. Obese: 155 ± 17 %, P = 0.01). These data indicate that cerebral vascular response to rebreathing-induced hypercapnia is attenuated in obese individuals. This impairment may be a contributing factor for the elevated cerebral vascular / neurocognitive disease risk in this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Supporting More Successful Language Learning: Approaches for Helping Post-secondary Learners in Three Contexts

This paper offers a number of suggestions for foreign and second language teachers who want to help their students develop more positive learning characteristics. In response to a graduate-level methods class designed to help participants develop student-centered instruction, this paper presents three approaches for helping post-secondary language learners in three contexts: Syria, Turkey, and the U.S. The approaches involve learner training projects aimed at influencing learner beliefs and expectations (Project 1), reducing learner anxiety (Project 2), and encouraging motivation and learner autonomy (Project 3). The projects target beginning and intermediate-level English as a foreign language (EFL) and Spanish-language learners. They involve hands-on teaching strategies, awareness-raising activities, and integration of instructional technology. The paper presents a rationale for each project and includes sample activities. It ends with reflections on the learner training projects and implications for the development of such projects in different language learning contexts.
Influence of vessel size on the sensitivity of porcine coronary microvessels to nitroglycerin.

The responses of small (60–100 microns), medium (101–190 microns), and large (191–300 microns) porcine coronary microvessels to nitroglycerin were examined in vitro using a video-imaging apparatus....
Battery Life Prediction Method for Hybrid Power Applications: Preprint

Batteries in hybrid power applications that include intermittent generators, such as wind turbines, experience a very irregular pattern of charge and discharge cycles. Because battery life is dependent on both depth and rate of discharge (and other factors such as temperature, charging strategy, etc.), estimating battery life and optimally sizing batteries for hybrid systems is difficult. Typically, manufacturers give battery life data, if at all, as cycles to failure versus depth of discharge, where all discharge cycles are assumed to be under conditions of constant temperature, current, and depth of discharge. Use of such information directly can lead to gross errors in battery lifetime estimation under actual operating conditions, which may result in either a higher system cost than necessary or an undersized battery bank prone to early failure. Even so, most current battery life estimation algorithms consider only the effect of depth of discharge on cycle life. This paper will discuss a new battery life prediction method, developed to investigate the effects of two primary determinants of battery life in hybrid power applications, varying depths of discharge and varying rates of discharge. A significant feature of the model is that it bases its analysis on battery performance and cyclemore » life data provided by the manufacturer, supplemented by a limited amount of empirical test data, eliminating the need for an electrochemical model of the battery. It performs the analysis for a user-prescribed discharge profile consisting of a series of discharge events of specified average current and duration. Sample analyses are presented to show how the method can be used to select the most economical battery type and size for a given hybrid power system application.« less
Molecular profiling of crude oil by using Distillation Precipitation Fractionation Mass Spectrometry (DPF-MS)

Abstract Molecular profiling of crude oil is a tremendous challenge due to its inherent complexity. An accurate molecular fingerprint of a crude oil may facilitate rational design of crude oil recovery efforts, such as enhanced oil recovery, improve the efficiencies of the refining processes, and enable a better assessment of the value of the crude oil. Herein, a new approach (Distillation Precipitation Fractionation Mass Spectrometry (DPF-MS) method) is introduced for the molecular level characterization of crude oil. This method involves the separation of crude oil into six fractions followed by high-resolution mass spectral analysis optimized for each individual fraction. The separation methods are distillation, precipitation, and fractionation in an auto column followed by solid phase extraction. Initially, the fractions were examined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the bulk chemical nature of each individual fraction, such as the extent of aromaticity, degree of polarity, etc. Based on this bulk information, model compounds representative of compounds in each fraction were selected and employed to develop the optimal high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis method for each fraction. An especially important aspect of this work was the optimization of the ionization method separately for each fraction by using appropriate model compounds so that most compounds in each fraction are ionized at approximately the same efficiency to generate only one type of stable ions (either molecular ions, protonated molecules or cations formed by hydride abstraction) containing the intact analyte molecule. This allows the DPF-MS method to produce reasonably accurate relative abundances for compounds present in each fraction, thereby making the method semi-quantitative. The compositional data thus obtained for the individual fractions were utilized to provide meaningful molecular level information for the crude oil. Inclusion of a mass balance for each fraction allows for data consolidation, which provides an accurate overall analysis of the crude oil, including average molecular weight and weight percentages of different compound classes.
Ultrasound-guided injection for the diagnosis and treatment of posteromedial knee friction syndrome

To describe an ultrasound guided injection technique for diagnosing and treating posteromedial knee friction syndrome, which occurs between the sartorius/gracilis tendons and medial femoral condyle (MFC). Our study was IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant. We identified patients via a retrospective review of medical records and MRI with posteromedial knee pain and isolated edema between MFC and sartorius/gracilis tendons and no evidence for meniscal tear, ruptured Baker’s cyst or degenerative joint disease. Patients were referred for an ultrasound-guided procedure to inject anesthetic and corticosteroid at the site of edema. Procedures were evaluated for technical success, which was defined as satisfactory identification of the injection site and adequate delivery of medication. Follow-up was available up to 8 weeks after the procedure to determine the response and any potential complications. Fourteen subjects with MRI and symptoms of posteromedial knee friction syndrome underwent 14 injections. Technical success was achieved in all procedures, with no complications. At 8 weeks’ follow-up, 92% of patients had symptom improvement. VAS before and 8 weeks after the procedure changed from 5.2 ± 2.7 to 0.9 ± 2.1 (p = 0.0002), respectively. Ultrasound-guided injection of edema between the MFC and sartorius/gracilis tendons supports the diagnosis of a posteromedial knee friction syndrome and successfully treats its associated symptoms.
Infinite Graphical Frobenius Representations

A graphical Frobenius representation (GFR) of a Frobenius (permutation) group $G$ is a graph $\Gamma$ whose automorphism group Aut$(\Gamma)$ acts as a Frobenius permutation group on the vertex set of $\Gamma$, that is, Aut$(\Gamma)$ acts vertex-transitively with the property that all nonidentity automorphisms fix either exactly one or zero vertices and there are some of each kind. The set $K$ of all fixed-point-free automorphisms together with the identity is called the kernel of $G$. Whenever $G$ is finite, $K$ is a regular normal subgroup of $G$ (F. G. Frobenius, 1901), in which case $\Gamma$ is a Cayley graph of $K$. The same holds true for all the infinite instances presented here. Infinite, locally finite, vertex-transitive graphs can be classified with respect to (i) the cardinality of their set of ends and (ii) their growth rate . We construct families of infinite GFRs for all possible combinations of these two properties. There exist infinitely many GFRs with polynomial growth of degree $d$ for every positive integer $d$, and there exist infinite families of GFRs of exponential growth, both $1$-ended and infinitely-ended, that underlie infinite chiral planar maps. There also exist GFRs of free products of finitely many finitely generated groups. Graphs of connectivity 1 having a Frobenius automorphism group are characterized.
Considerations in 2017–2018 for the Use of Opioids in Non-terminal Pain

Despite external pressure on medical providers to reduce opioid prescribing, patients with chronic, non-terminal pain continue to present to their physicians requesting pharmacologic assistance with low back pain, arthritis, neuropathy, migraine headaches, and other forms of non-terminal pain lasting more than 3 months. In the last 2 years, updated systematic meta-analyses and one randomized, controlled trial have still been unable to find evidence of benefit from use of opioid therapy longer than 3 months for treatment of non-terminal pain. With substantial evidence about the potential risks of opioid use and a relative paucity of evidence supporting their long-term use, prescribers are asked to be more judicious in their selection of patients, continuously weighing the risks and benefits.
Librandi, Marília. Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel. U of Toronto P, 2018.

Writing by Ear , despite its subtitle, is not merely a book about the presence of aurality in Clarice Lispector’s fiction. Marilia Librandi’s book closely listens to Lispector’s fiction to find the resonances and reverberations of a mode of writing that informs a large part of Brazilian literature of the modern period. There is a “listening in writing,” the author argues, and she offers three interrelated concepts—“writing by ear,” “aural novel,” and “echopoetics”—to help the reader follow her auditory journey through Lispector’s life and writing.
Hybrid nanocomposites modified on sensors and biosensors for the analysis of food functionality and safety

Abstract Background Sensors and biosensors with the advantages of rapidness and convenience have been developed for food analysis. Nanomaterials have been deeply studied for the modification of sensors. Hybrid nanocomposite which is superior to single nanomaterial has been used as an excellent modification instead of nanomaterial for sensors and biosensors. The classification of hybrid nanocomposites modified on sensors and biosensors is a rare topic for food analysis. Scope and approach Hybrid nanocomposites were divided into three classes namely binary hybrid nanocomposite, ternary hybrid nanocomposite and multiple hybrid nanocomposite. In this review, the synergistic effects, interactions and mechanisms of hybrid nanocomposites for food sensors were elaborated, and the types in each class primely for biointegration were pointed out. Furthermore, the nanocomposites possessing the universal application both for food functionality and safety were highlighted. Key findings and conclusions There are various advantages in hybrid nanocomposites modified on sensors and biosensors for food functionality and safety. Several nanocomposites possessing the universal application both for food functionality and safety can be considered to establish a multipurpose platform for simultaneously ensuring food functionality and monitoring food safety.
Brain Wheels Keep On Turning: Forward and Backward?

In our previous column (in the February ABT ), we reviewed the impact of two key factors that precipitate relapse: (1) priming (introduction of small amounts of the drug), which acts on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in the brain; and (2) stress, which acts on a variety of neural pathways. As our exploration of addiction and the brain continues, the endocannabinoid system contributes additional pieces of information to enhance our understanding of addiction. Who ever would have thought that the active ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), had receptor sites ready and waiting in our brains? The plant that gives us marijuana, Cannabis sativa , has been known for thousands of years. Its psychoactive properties have been used over the centuries and across the world. Once the chemical structure of THC was identified, the research began (Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964). There have …
Mechanisms and Evidence for Heart Failure Benefits from SGLT2 Inhibitors.

To review the clinical trial data and underlying mechanistic principles in support of the robust cardiovascular (CV) benefits, in particular, heart failure (HF) outcomes association with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Several large CV outcome trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and with either established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) or at high risk for ASCVD reveal that SGLT2 inhibitors cause reductions in CV and HF endpoints. The reduction in ASCVD appears to be confined to those with established ASCVD on the order of ≈ 14%, as does the mortality benefit—all-cause and CV-related. However, hospitalization for HF are reduced by ≈ 33% and occur regardless of baseline patient characteristics. The unprecedented HF outcomes are theorized to occur via several possible mechanisms and include optimization of conventional ASCVD risk factors, improvement in hemodynamics, prevention of cardiac and renal remodeling, inhibition of hormone dysregulation, use of more efficient metabolic substrates, ion channel inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-oxidant effects. Recent evidence has unveiled the irrefutable data that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce CV events in patients with T2DM, with a profound effect on reductions in hospitalization for HF. Though several mechanisms conveying this benefit are suggested, most are based in limited data requiring further validation. Nonetheless, the arrival of SGLT2 inhibitors has ushered in a new era of CV risk reductions therapies.
Change in language and literacy knowledge for Spanish–English dual language learners at school-entry: Analyses from three studies

Abstract Over 30% of children in the U.S. are dual language learners (DLLs) who are learning two languages. Understanding the development of both languages for young DLL children in early care and education is critical. However, few have simultaneously examined development of skills in both languages for children in preschool. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the language and literacy skills among Spanish–English DLL preschoolers and to directly compare change over time in language and literacy skills in both Spanish and English in secondary data analyses of three studies of DLL children. Hierarchical linear model analyses compared acquisition of language skills in English and Spanish in three studies. Using language and time as nesting factors, these models allow for direct contrast of level and rate of acquisition across languages. Results showed that Spanish-English DLL children made gains in their English abilities while being exposed to Spanish at home. Also, gains in English vocabulary skills were observed when children’s Spanish skills were higher than the English skills. Gains in children’s Spanish language abilities were not realized and children’s English language abilities did not appear to support children’s Spanish skills. Cross-language relations were observed in literacy.
Inorganic silicate polymers made directly from silica using ionic liquid as ionic plasticizer: Monovalent-only system

Abstract Novel inorganic polymers made of silicate units are synthesized through a two-step method, by which silica is first converted to silicate glass and then transformed to silicate polymers by plasticization with ionic liquid. Ionic liquid works as an ionic plasticizer which weakens the bonds between the segments, increasing the free volume of the silicate glass. The resulting materials are carbon-free (silicate-based) inorganic polymers with glass transition temperatures of as low as 150 °C, showing various characteristics of conventional organic polymers. Specifically, we have observed that silicates with large counterions are more soluble in ionic liquid, silicate polymers are amorphous, plasticization mechanism by ionic liquid is a cation exchange reaction where small K+ ions are replaced with large EMIM+ ions, which is facilitated by heating, and that during compression molding, applying pressure at higher temperature, as compared to room temperature, is needed to promote mixing between IL and silicate glass.
Systematic sonographic and evoked motor identification of the nerve to vastus medialis during adductor canal block

To the editor, Adductor canal block (ACB) is commonly used for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty.[1][1] The goal of this technique is to anesthetize the saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis (NVM). Most technical descriptions of the block have described a midthigh approach with the
Crystal structure and conformation of frentizole, [1-(6-methoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-3-phenylurea, an antiviral agent and an immunosuppressive drug

Crystals of Frentizole (from ethanol/water) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 11.187(4), b = 7.392(2), c = 32.727(6) A, β = 92.77(2)°, Z = 8, D o = 1.47 g/cm3, and D c = 1.472 g/cm3. There are two independent molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit with very different conformations. In molecule A the urea group is in the plane of the benzothiazole ring (0.9°) whereas in molecule B the dihedral angle between them is 4.4°. The dihedral angle between the planes of the phenyl group and the benzothiazole ring are ±157° and ±12°, respectively, in the two molecules. The molecules are linked by a pair of N–H···N hydrogen bonds involving the urea nitrogen and two other N–H···N bonds involving the urea nitrogen and the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group.
Introduction to Data Analysis

This chapter introduces some basic techniques to analyze data, including supervised approaches (classification using Bayes, prediction using regression) and unsupervised approaches (clustering, kNN algorithms, and association rules). Dealing with text and graph data is also discussed, as well as a simple but effective technique for collaborative filtering.
The Influence of Emotional Factors on the Clinical Course of Ulcerative Colitis in Children

Summary From the foregoing data, certain suggestive and still tentative interrelationships seem apparent. It appears clearly established that an emotional component was operative in all of the twelve cases seen in this series. The evidence for such a component was based on the observed or historically inferred correlation between the appearance of spontaneous or experimentally induced angry or aggressive emotions and an immediate activation of a hypermotile colonic response leading to tenesmus or diarrhea. In all but one case, a precipitating event or combination of circumstances was demonstrated in relation to the onset of symptoms, occasioning simultaneously the activation of previously repressed, wholly unacceptable negative emotions and a sweeping loss of emotional support. In the group of sixteen children reported here, an apparently inverse ratio existed between personality strength or integrative capacity and the rapidity and severity of onset. In general, a more direct relationship appeared to exist between such integrative capacity and the intensity of stress required to precipitate a somatic response. Other factors, such as gastrointestinal or parenteral infection, allergy, and dietary alterations, appeared to play a predominant role in occasional exacerbations of symptomatology. During the course of psychotherapeutic play and verbal interviews, a reciprocal relationship has been suggestively demonstrated between therapeutic release of "pathogenic" angry or hostile emotions and the intensity of the colonic hypermotile response. The sources of the pathogenicity of such emotions for children with such dependent, rigid, immature personalities were discussed in relation to early experiences within the family constellation. A genetic component in the predisposition to disturbances of gastrointestinal function has been tentatively implicated as well, possibly involving the inheritance of specific patterns of autonomic response to emotional stress.
Effects of rotation on the sleep state-dependent midlatency auditory evoked P50 potential in the human

Sopite syndrome, characterized by loss of initiative, sensitivity to normally innocuous sensory stimuli, and impaired concentration amounting to a sensory gating deficit, is commonly associated with Space Motion Sickness (SMS). The amplitude of the P50 potential is a measure of level of arousal, and a paired-stimulus paradigm can be used to measure sensory gating. We used the rotary chair to elicit the sensory mismatch that occurs with SMS by overstimulating the vestibular apparatus. The effects of rotation on the manifestation of the P50 midlatency auditory evoked response were then assessed as a measure of arousal and distractibility. Results showed that rotation-induced motion sickness produced no change in the level of arousal but did produce a significant deficit in sensory gating, indicating that some of the attentional and cognitive deficits observed with SMS may be due to distractibility induced by decreased habituation to repetitive stimuli.
Influence of Neonatal Undernutrition on the Development of Rat Cerebral Cortex: A Microchemical Study

Neurochemists have assembled a large body of data on developing whole brain in many species, including man. Although of great value, these observations do not permit close morphologic correlations because developing brain matures at different times in various regions. Information derived from analyses of whole brain, therefore, is a summation of different events, and the specific changes underlying structural transformation of any one region may be obscured. Therefore, we have confined our observations to the somatosensory area of developing rat cerebrum, combining microchemical techniques with histologic examination to study the differentiation of neuronal cytoplasm, proliferation of axons and dendrites, and the formation of synapses and myelin (1,2).
Secure Service Centered Networking for Nomadic Usage

Visions and expected predictions of future networking paradigms often include heterogeneous networks build upon an IP-based core. Future services form a key component within these networks and are expected to include support for nomadic and ubiquitous usage. This paper comprises a discussion of nomadic usage scenarios within service centered networks. Thereafter secure service discovery under nomadic conditions is explained by means of a model introduced in this contribution. This model embraces the nature of nomadic computing as macro-nomadic vs. micro-nomadic depending on the use case. As a conclusion unresolved problems concerning service security within the given boundaries will be presented.
PEB1, the major cell-binding factor of Campylobacter jejuni, is a homolog of the binding component in gram-negative nutrient transport systems.

The protein PEB1 (28 kDa) is a common antigen and a major cell adherence molecule of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. We created a bank of chromosomal DNA fragments of C. jejuni strain 81-176 using lambda gt11. Screening this bank in Escherichia coli Y1090 cells with antibody raised against purified PEB1 enabled us to isolate and to purify a clone with a 2.6-kilobase insert expressing an immunoreactive protein of 28 kDa. DNA sequencing revealed that the insert contains three complete and two partial open reading frames (ORFs), designated 5‘ to 3‘ as ORFs A-E. The peb1A gene (ORF D) contains 780 bases encoding a 259-residue polypeptide having a calculated molecular mass of 28,181 Da. The peptide sequence starting at residue 27 matches that determined from aminoterminal sequencing of mature PEB1 from C. jejuni. The first 26 residues contain typical signal peptidase I and II cleavage sites. The deduced amino acid composition and pI of the recombinant mature protein are similar to those determined for purified PEB1. Gene bank searches indicated significant overall homology of peb1A and ORF C with operons for amino acid transport systems in other Gram-negative organisms. peb1A is homologous to the binding components of systems such as glnH (27.8%) and hisJ (28.9%), whereas ORF C has nearly 50% identity to glnQ and hisP. Thus, PEB1 could be involved both in binding to intestinal cells and in amino acid transport.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR pT2 PROSTATE CANCER: IMPACT OF VIDEO DOCUMENTATION REVIEW ON POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGIN

ABSTRACT Purpose: We correlated intraoperative video documentation and pathology findings to understand the mechanisms by which positive surgical margins occur and improve the surgical technique. Materials and Methods: Between January 2003 and May 2004, 240 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, of whom 180 had pT2 prostate cancer and represent the population of this study. After the first 90 patients (group 1) we started a quality assurance study, analyzing intraoperative video recordings and correlating them with pathology findings in patients with a positive margin. The cancer characteristics and positive margin rate were compared between the first 90 patients and the subsequent 90 after the study was initiated (group 2). Results: Of the 12 cases of positive surgical margins studied the video review helped identify 8 with a technical error. In all 4 cases in which a technical error could not be identified the positive margin site was at the distal apex. The most frequent identifiable mechanism by which positive margins occurred was a capsular tear during neurovascular bundle dissection. The 2 groups were comparable in regard to preoperative cancer characteristics and total tumor volume. In patients who underwent bilateral nerve sparing the positive margin rate was 10.6% in group 1 and 5.4% in group 2 (p = 0.18). All positive margins in group 2 involved the prostatic apex. Conclusions: Quality assurance efforts through pathological and intraoperative documentation review can help decrease the positive margin rate, particularly in organ confined disease. However, eradicating positive margins at the distal prostatic apex remains a challenge.
A Note on `The Behavior of Large, Low-Surface-Tension Water Drops Falling at Terminal Velocity in Air'.

Abstract A heuristic explanation of Ryan's (1976) observations of water drop breakup is given in terms of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of two superposed fluids. The critical values for drop instability agree with the observations. Ryan's measurements of drop deformations for pure water are consistently greater than experimental results of Pruppacher and Pitter (1971) and an approximate model proposed by Green (1975). A similar trend is found for drops with low surface tension.
Growth performance and nitrogen excretion of broilers using a phase-feeding approach from twenty-one to sixty-three days of age

Two experiments were conducted to assess effects of phase-feeding (PF) on broilers from 21 to 63 d. Experiment 1 evaluated the impact of PF on growth performance, whereas experiment 2 assessed the effects of PF on CP intake and nitrogen excretion. Diets were formulated using recommendations from NRC or linear regression equations. Two PF treatments were prepared: standard (PF) and low (PF10), in which predicted Lys, sulfur amino acid, and Thr recommendations were reduced by 10%. For PF and PF10, 2 diets (high-nutrient and low-nutrient density) were blended in variable quantities to produce rations matching predicted requirements. An NRC grower and finisher diet or a series of PF and PF10 diets that were switched every other day were fed. In experiment 1, weight gain and feed efficiency were improved (P 0.05) in percentage carcass composition were observed when broilers were fed PF or PF10 diets. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) in dollars per kilogram of weight gain were noted with PF regimens. In experiment 2, PF and PF10 diets reduced (P < 0.05) CP intake and nitrogen excretion from 43 to 63 d. Results indicate that PF regimens may substantially reduce dietary costs and may have environmental benefits.
On using linear ordered rank statistics for detecting early differences between two distributions

A linear ordered rank statistic is considered for testing the equality of two distributions against the alternative that the two distributions are stochastically ordered. The statistic is proposed specifically for the purpose of detecting early stage stochastic ordering. Some asymptotic properties are derived.
Resonant collisional dissociation of Na2+ by Na(3p) in an effusive beam.

We observe the production of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ ions in a single effusive sodium atomic beam via intrabeam dissociating collisions of laser-excited Na(3p) atoms with ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}^{+}$ ions created by associative ionization. The rather large cross section for this collisional dissociation process has been experimentally determined to be 3(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at a source temperature of \ensuremath{\approxeq}530 K. A classical Langevin model gives an estimate based on long-range forces of about twice this value.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS BY SUBMERGED CULTURES OF THE MUSHROOM TRICHOLOMA NUDUM: II. STUDIES WITH UNIFORMLY LABELLED GLUCOSE

Tricholoma nudum mycelium, grown in a medium with a low nitrogen content, was adapted to a basal medium containing glucose and incubated with glucose-U-C14 for 25 hours. The time – specific activity relations of the major fatty acids produced were determined for both the neutral lipids and the phospholipids. The results confirm a previous finding that in the phospholipids of T. nudum linoleic acid becomes labelled under the conditions used at almost the same rate as palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid, but that in the neutral lipids the specific activity of this acid initially lags considerably behind those of the latter three. It is postulated that this phenomenon is due to a difference in the relative sizes of the linoleic acid pools involved in the synthesis of the two lipid fractions. Only part of the material used for the formation of the fatty acids is derived directly from the substrate, the remainder apparently being provided by material already present in the mycelium. The various results, together ...
Content-adaptive wireless streaming of instructional videos

Video streaming over wireless networks is becoming increasingly important for a variety of applications. To accommodate the dynamic change of wireless network bandwidths, Quality of Service (QoS) scalable video streams need to be provided. This paper presents a system of content-adaptive streaming of instructional (lecture) videos over wireless networks for E-learning applications. We first provide a real-time content analysis method to detect and extract content regions from instructional videos, then apply a "leaking-video-buffer" model to adjust QoS of video streams dynamically based on video content. In content-adaptive video streaming, an adaptive feedback control scheme is also developed to transmit properly compressed video streams to video clients not only based on network bandwidth, but also based on video content and the preferences of users. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability and content adaptiveness of the proposed video streaming system with experimental results on several instructional videos.
Sex pheromone production in male boll weevils, fed cotton squares and laboratory diet

Sex pheromone production from male boll weevils fed on cotton squares (floral buds) and fed on a currently used artificial diet were compared. Square-fed weevils produced more pheromone during the summer months while artificial diet-fed weevils produced more of these compounds during the fall and winter months. RESUME Production de pheromones sexuelles par les mâles d'Anthonomus grandis eleves sur carres de coton et regime artificiel Cette etude compare la production de pheromones sexuelles des mâles d'Anthonomus grandis de 1 a 10 jours eleves sur carres de coton et sur un regime artificiel habituel. Le pic de production de pheromones se produit en juin, juillet, aout et septembre pour les anthonomes nourris avec du coton et en octobre, novembre et decembre ches les insectes nourris sur regime artificiel. Les minimum avaient lieu pour les insectes nourris sur coton en janvier et fevrier, contre mars, avril, mai et juin pour ceux eleves sur regime artificiel.
Synthesis of Pendent Functionalized Cyclotriphosphazene Polyoctenamers: Amphiphilic Lithium Ion Conductive Materials

The synthesis of novel polyoctenamers with pendent functionalized cyclotriphosphazenes as amphiphilic lithium ion conductive membranes is described. Cyclotriphosphazene monomers were functionalized with one cycloocteneoxy substituent per ring. Two different types of monomer units, one with oligoethyleneoxy cation coordination side groups and the other with hydrophobic fluoroalkoxy side groups, were then prepared. The syntheses of these monomers, their ring-opening metathesis copolymerization, and the characteristics of the resultant polymers are discussed, with an emphasis on the dependence of ionic conductivity and hydrophobicity on polymer composition.
Bilateral microphthalmos with colobomatous orbital cyst and de-novo balanced translocation t(3;5).

A term Caucasian male infant, born to a healthy non-related couple, was noted at birth to have bilateral edema and bluish discoloration of the lower eyelids. On physical examination, the eye globes were not visualized and hypertelorism was noted. Radiological imaging revealed large bilateral orbital cysts, microphthalmos, and severe optic nerve hypoplasia. Histological study of the excised orbital masses showed cysts lined by primitive, immature retinal tissue which contained neuroglial elements and scattered dysplastic rosettes. Chromosome analysis revealed an apparent balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arm of chromosome 3 and 5, i.e. 46, XY, t (3; 5) (q27; q11.2). Chromosome studies in parents were normal. To our knowledge, the association of this balanced translocation and microphthalmos with cyst has not been previously described in the English literature.
Temporal genomics of vein bypass grafting through oligonucleotide microarray analysis.

Abstract Objective Autologous vein is the conduit of choice for small artery reconstruction. Despite excellent patency, these conduits undergo remodeling over time. The purpose of this study was to identify temporal gene expression in vein grafts versus control veins through microarray analysis. Method Cephalic vein grafts (n = 12) were used to bypass femoral arteries in canines. Vein grafts were harvested after 1, 7, 14, and 30 days. Normal contralateral cephalic vein served as control. Total RNA was isolated; its quantity and quality were confirmed with spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Affymetrix U133A GeneChips, comprising approximately 15,000 genes, were used to analyze differential gene expression at each time point. Statistical analysis was performed with Affymetrix and dChip software to identify consistently upregulated and downregulated genes. Real-time, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to validate microarray data. Results Statistical analysis revealed that 49 genes were consistently upregulated and 31 genes were consistently downregulated in all three animals at various time points. qRT-PCR to quantitatively assess messenger RNA expression was performed on specific genes to validate the microarray data. Immunohistochemistry to qualitatively assess protein expression was used for further validation. Hierarchical clustering with dChip identified additional genes with similar temporal or functional expression patterns. Conclusions This is the first study to use microarray analysis with confirmatory qRT-PCR to identify altered genes after vein bypass grafting. Oligonucleotide microarrays and hierarchical clustering are powerful tools to generate hypotheses as the basis for additional research on gene expression in vein graft remodeling. Ultimately, identification of a temporal sequence of differential gene expression may provide insights not preferred into the molecular mechanisms of vein graft remodeling, but also into the pathways leading to intimal hyperplasia.
FAST SPATIALLY VARIANT DECONVOLUTION FOR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY VIA ITERATIVE SHRINKAGE THRESHOLDING

Deconvolution offers an effective way to improve the resolution of optical microscopy data. While fast algorithms are available when the point spread function (PSF) is shiftinvariant (SI), they are not directly applicable in thick samples, where the problem is shift-variant (SV). Here, we propose a fast iterative shrinkage/thresholding 3D deconvolution method that uses different PSFs at every depth. This is realized by modeling the imaging system as a multi-rate filterbank, with each channel corresponding to a distinct 3D PSF dependent on the position along the optical axis. The complexity associated with the thresholded Landweber update in each iteration of our SV algorithm is equivalent to that of an iteration in an SI algorithm, multiplied by the number of channels in the filter-bank. We simulated images of a set of beads embedded in an aqueous gel, using varying PSFs along the optical axis, to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Chaotropic Anions Strongly Stabilize Short, N‐Capped Uncharged Peptide Helicies: A New Look at the Perchlorate Effect

Regiospecific binding of perchlorate ions to the N-terminus of short-chained template-substituted polyalanine sequences in water dramatically increases helicity.