cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Regulations as Drivers of Materials Obsolescence

This slide presentation reviews the operations of the Principal Center for Regulatory Risk Analysis and Communication (RRAC-PC) and the impact of environmental regulations in making some materials obsolete. The center is NASA's resource for identifying and managing risks associated with changing environmental regulations. To this end the center acts as an regulatory early warning system, to review track and analyze emerging regulations, collaborate with the technical community on regulatory risk analysis and interpretation and to represent NASA's interests to the regulatory agencies. Regulations frequently result in making some materials unavailable forcing a change to another material. Processes may also be changed due to environmental regulations. For example some items that were sprayed with a chemical may now have to be painted or dipped with the chemical. Sometimes a regulation changes the use of a certain product, which does not affect the usage on Earth, but has significant implications in space. An example of this is the use of lead-free solders of basically tin, which don't appear to have any problem on Earth, but in space applications tin whiskers have resulted in several confirmed satellite failures.
MO-G-304-02: Knowledge Based DVH Prediction Using a Geometric Dose Transform

Purpose: To demonstrate a novel method for predicting patient dose-volume histograms (DVHs) using a prior database of optimized radiotherapy treatment plans. Such predicted DVHs could be useful for automating treatment planning. Methods: Our initial demonstration utilized a database of 100 prostate intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) data-sets. Each data-set contained a CT image with contours of the planning target volume (PTV), rectum, and bladder, the parameters of a clinically approved IMRT plan, and a corresponding simulated dose distribution. We applied a novel geometric transformation to remove the influence of the PTV size, shape, and location on the dose distribution. We termed the transformed distribution the geometrically normalized dose distribution (GNDD). This normalization transform was applied to 80 data-sets randomly selected from the database, and a population GNDD was computed as the average. Next, the population GNDD was mapped onto each of the remaining 20 patient datasets using the reverse of the geometric normalization transform, and predicted DVHs were calculated from the reverse transformed dose distributions (GNDD-DVHs). In addition, a state of the art machine learning based method from the literature was tested for comparison. Results: DVH prediction accuracy was quantified by calculating the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) on predicted DVHs for the 20 test patients using their known DVHs. For bladder, rectum, and PTV average rRMSEs for the GNDD method were 9.7 ± 4.2%, 13.9 ± 6.0%, and 2.3 ± 0.5% respectively. Prediction results using GNDD were roughly equivalent to that from the machine learning method. Conclusion: We developed a new method for predicting DVH curves from a database of prior patient plans. We demonstrated that our simple approach achieves accuracy comparable to a method using a complicated machine learning based approach.
A note on technology choice in a principal-agent framework

Abstract This paper provides an economic explanation for the choice of technology in southern agriculture at the beginning of this century. It is shown that such a choice was determined by a principal-agent relationship.
What's in a Name?: Advertising and the Concept of Brands

Foreword, Advertising and Brand Planning, Don Johnston and Harold F. Clark, Jr. 1. Introduction 2. Brands: What They Are and Why They Emerged 3. Factors That Shape a Brand During Its Conception and Birth 4. Factors That Shape a Brand During Its Growth and Maturity 5. The Mature Brand and the Consumer: The Nature of Repeat-Buying Theory 6. Advertising Research: A Digression on Recall 7. How Advertising Influences Sales 8. How Advertising Builds Brands 9. Giving a Brand Legs - Brands as Collectible Phenomena 10. The Contribution of Advertising Strategy to Brand Building 11. From Advertising Strategy to Advertising Campaign 12. How to Develop and Expose Better Advertising
Experiencing Shared Leadership: Teachers' Reflections.

This eighteen month qualitative study documents an elementary school's implementation of a shared leadership environment. Data were collected from leadership team meetings, faculty meetings, inform...
Sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase of Electrophorus electric organ. V. Phosphorylation by adenosine triphosphate-32P.

Abstract Electric organ microsomes from Electrophorus electricus can be phosphorylated by ATP. The properties of this reaction have been studied and compared with the properties of the sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase and the Na+-dependent ATP-ADP exchange reaction which occur in the same microsomal preparation. Only sodium ion, among the monovalent cations tested, will increase the extent of microsomal phosphorylation. The phosphorylation also appears to be specific for ATP. The Na+-dependent, ATP-specific phosphorylation is not prevented by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide or oligomycin. Under some conditions, ouabain inhibits the phosphorylation. Following phosphorylation in the presence of sodium and ATP, potassium and most monovalent cations decrease the extent of phosphorylation. This reduction is prevented by N-ethylmaleimide or oligomycin, which, in an earlier report, were shown to inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase and to activate a Na+-dependent ATP-ADP exchange. Other workers had reported that hydroxylamine dephosphorylates brain microsomes without inhibiting Na+-K+-ATPase, thus questioning the relevance of the Na+-dependent phosphorylation reaction. With electric organ microsomes, hydroxylamine will replace K+ to some extent in the activation of ATP hydrolysis. Hydroxylamine will also reduce the extent of phosphorylation of native microsomes. However, under comparable conditions, hydroxylamine does not dephosphorylate acid-denatured microsomes. Thus any hydroxylaminolysis of the microsomal phosphate which may occur is slow relative to the turnover rate of the intact enzyme. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the Na+-dependent phosphorylation and exchange reactions are manifestations of the Na+-K+-ATPase and represent the initial step in a sequence of reactions to achieve hydrolysis of ATP. This sequence of reactions is probably related to the mechanism of active cation transport across cell membranes.
The effect of time-of-day on static and dynamic balance in recreational athletes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of time-of-day (morning vs. afternoon) on static and dynamic balance in recreational athletes. A total of 34 recreational athletes completed the single-leg stance test with or without eyes open, lower quarter Y-balance test, upper quarter Y-balance test, and single-leg landing balance test in a random order in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and afternoon (3:00-6:00 pm) for two consecutive days. Compared with the morning, participants demonstrated decreased centre of pressure (COP) sway areas (p = 0.002; Cohen's d (d) = 0.28) and sway speeds (p = 0.002; d = 0.17) during the eyes-open single-leg stance test, increased stance time (p = 0.031; d = 0.16) and decreased COP sway areas (p = 0.029; d = 0.22) during the eyes-closed single-leg stance test, and increased reaching distances (p = 0.024; d = 0.10) during the upper quarter Y-balance test in the afternoon. The between-day effect (day 1 vs. day 2) was observed for several parameters. Time-of-day had a minimal effect on dynamic balance and a noticeable effect on static balance. Time-of-day may be considered as a factor in designing balance training programmes and intervention studies for recreational athletes.
Electron Carriers for the Phosphoroclastic Reaction of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, strain 8303, oxidized pyruvate to acetate, carbon dioxide, and molecular hydrogen. The electron carriers participating in this process are ferredoxin and cytochrome c3. Ferredoxin accepts the electrons from the pyruvic dehydrogenase complex whereas cytochrome c3 does not. However, combining the two carriers, in the clastic system, results in a maximum production of molecular hydrogen and acetyl phosphate. Although both ferredoxin and cytochrome c3 are capable of donating electrons to the hydrogenase of D. sulfuricans, it is believed that a sequential transfer of electrons from the pyruvic dehydrogenase system to the hydrogenase is operating; the sequence is pyruvic dehydrogenase → ferredoxin → cytochrome c3 → hydrogenase.
Near Eastern Precedents of the “Orphic” Gold Tablets: The Phoenician Missing Link

The Greek Gold Tablets (also called “Orphic Gold Tablets”), have often been compared with Egyptian funerary texts, especially those comprising the Book of the Dead . At the same time, North-West Semitic gold and silver leaves (Phoenician-Punic and Hebrew) with protective formulae offer a close parallel to them in aspects of their function and form. Although this group of funerary amulets are also said to follow Egyptian models, the three corpora have never been discussed together. Egyptian afterlife motifs and magical technologies may have indirectly influenced Greek Orphic funerary ideas and practices. I suggest, however, that this transmission happened through adaptations of Egyptian materials in the Phoenician-Punic realm, with evidence pointing to southern Italy and Sicily (Magna Graecia) as likely scenarios for this exchange. Intersections between Orphic and Phoenician cosmogony and the selective use of Egyptian iconography in Phoenician funerary amulets reinforce this hypothesis.
Rearrests During Mental Health Court Supervision: Predicting Rearrest and Its Association with Final Court Disposition and Postcourt Rearrests

Mental health courts are one means to address the involvement of persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system. Using a sample of 811 participants of a municipal mental health court, this study found that 23.2% of participants were rearrested during court supervision. This study also identified factors associated with these rearrests, as well as the effect of rearrests during supervision on program completion and rearrests in the 1-year period following program completion. This study concludes with implications for mental health court supervision.
Rates of RNA synthesis during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract We determined the absolute rates of RNA synthesis during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by measuring the incorporation of 3 H-5-orotic acid into RNA, and the specific activity of the UTP pool. Initially (preblastoderm) the rate of RNA synthesis is relatively high, but declines to a lower level by gastrulation. The data suggest that RNA synthesis is initiated during very early embryogenesis.
Bootstrapping the lexicon: A computational model of infant speech segmentation

Prelinguistic infants must find a way to isolate meaningful chunks from the continuous streams of speech that they hear. BootLex, a new model which uses distributional cues to build a lexicon, demonstrates how much can be accomplished using this single source of information. This conceptually simple probabilistic algorithm achieves significant segmentation results on various kinds of language corpora - English, Japanese, and Spanish; child- and adult-directed speech, and written texts; and several variations in coding structure - and reveals which statistical characteristics of the input have an influence on segmentation performance. BootLex is then compared, quantitatively and qualitatively, with three other groups of computational models of the same infant segmentation process, paying particular attention to functional characteristics of the models and their similarity to human cognition. Commonalities and contrasts among the models are discussed, as well as their implications both for theories of the cognitive problem of segmentation itself, and for the general enterprise of computational cognitive modeling.
The Rise of 'Good Reading' over 'Good Writing': How and why women's magazine fiction changed in the 1950s and 1960s

(2000). The Rise of 'Good Reading' over 'Good Writing': How and why women's magazine fiction changed in the 1950s and 1960s. Media History: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 139-150.
Differential Effect of Conductive Hearing Loss on the Threshold-Duration Function

Where the threshold-duration function has been shown to be systematically affected by sensorineural hearing losses of cochlear origin, preliminary studies have strongly suggested the contrasting fi...
The educational impact of a rheumatology elective.

We used a newly developed evaluation strategy to compare the performance of 12 medical residents who received ambulatory care rheumatology training and 12 who received inpatient consultative training. There was no significant difference in the cognitive test scores or the patient examination skills of the 2 groups. The ambulatory care residents saw more patients with common rheumatic diseases and performed more joint aspirations and injections. Both groups performed significantly better in all education impact measurements than did a control group of medical residents who received no formal rheumatology elective training. The control group of residents performed no better than did fourth-year medical students who also had no formal rheumatology elective training. The study demonstrated that formal rheumatology training is essential if medical residents are to achieve adequate skills in rheumatology. This training can be provided through ambulatory care or inpatient-oriented electives.
Teaching as a Mode of Friendship

This essay invites us to consider that we can live and practice teaching as a mode of friendship. This approach involves developing a caring relationship with students, searching for means and moments of speaking as equals, and encouraging shared responsibility for learning together. Educational friendship emphasizes positive and edifying communicative stances and relationships of teachers with individual students and toward classes as collectives. Even given this relationship, teachers and students face ongoing challenges in managing dialectical tensions, which make the sustained achievement of educational friendships a risky and fragile endeavor. These friendships are further limited by teachers' and students' subject positions, the structural inequality that historically and institutionally pervades educational contexts, and the risk of mystification that haunts offers of affection from persons in power positions to subordinates. Emphasizing good will, dialogue, respect for distance and differences among persons, and the equal validity of each student's life and learning experiences, teaching as friendship seeks to establish classes as judicious and caring political communities.
Mutation of potential phosphorylation sites in the recombinant R domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator has significant effects on domain conformation.

Mutation of potential cAMP dependent protein kinase sites in the R domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator has significant effects on protein function. Mutation of the potential phosphorylation sites from serine to alanine, to abolish the site, reduced sensitivity to activation, or to glutamic acid, to mimic phosphorylation, caused some constitutive activity. To explore the structural effects of these mutations, recombinant R domain peptides were studied: the wild type, a mutant with nine serine residues changed to alanine, and a mutant with eight serine residues changed to glutamic acid. As assessed by C.D. spectroscopy, the mutants have substantially different secondary structure than the wild type, in agreement with the predictive algorithm of Gascuel and Golmard. The results show that mutagenesis of residues alters the polypeptide structurally as well as preventing it from serving as a phosphorylation substrate. Hence, the functional consequences of the mutations may not be entirely due to effects on phosphorylation.
On Controlled Oscillating Bodies With Submerged Reaction Mass

This paper discusses coupled oscillating bodies used in wave energy absorption in deeper waters. In particular, systems using submerged reaction masses are considered using a frequency domain approach based on regular wave excitation. Approximate optimal reactive and resistive loads, and the corresponding capture width ratios are computed for a system of two vertically oscillating coupled axisymmetric bodies with an actuator operating between them. Results obtained over a range of frequencies indicate the advantages of dynamic coupling between oscillation modes. Such results could be used in adjustable “tuning” of 2-degree-of-freedom devices to different wave spectra for efficient energy absorption.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
General solution for flat-space longitudinal momentum

The momentum constraint of the initial-value problem of general relativity is addressed. The undressed extrinsic curvature of a general compact momentum source is presented in terms of multipole moment integrals.
Highly selective copper(II) ion receptors: tetraazacrown ethers bearing two 8-hydroxyquinoline side arms

Abstract Four 8-hydroxyquinoline-containing tetraazacrown ethers were studied for their potential application as highly selective Cu 2+ receptors. Equilibrium constants for complexation of these tetraazacrown ethers with H + , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ were determined in aqueous solution at 25°C by potentiometry. The most stable complexes were formed with Cu 2+ . The UV–Vis spectra of two of the ligands were studied in the presence and absence of the metal ions. The Cu 2+ complexes exhibited unique absorption peaks at 655 nm in aqueous acetic acid buffer solution (pH 4.76). Thus, these systems demonstrated copper(II) ion selectivity. Three of the ligands showed both 1:1 and 1:2 complexation with Cu 2+ (L:Cu 2+ ). In competitive transport experiments using bulk liquid membranes, Cu 2+ was transported selectively from a mixture containing all of the above metal ions.
Fifteen years of observing from low Earth orbit

Hubble Space Telescope has been operating from low Earth orbit for 15 years. In the case of HST, the orbit was determined by launch and servicing considerations, not observing efficiency. Higher orbits have been chosen for recent missions, for various reasons. This paper will discuss the evolution of HST operations in low Earth orbit, comparing the results with early expectations, identifying the changes and improvements made, and identifying the most serious constraints to observing efficiency found in practice. We will generalize this experience to possible future use of low Earth orbit as an observing site, identifying mission design parameters that could improve efficiency, or otherwise make low Earth orbit more attractive as an observing site.
Demo: NFC-based sensor data caching

Near Field Communications (NFC) is an emerging technology that conveniently establishes radio communication by bringing two entities in close proximity of one another. Many use cases for devices equipped with this technology have been proposed ranging from payment systems to convenient data exchange.In this demo, we implement a prototype NFC-based sensor device that periodically writes sensor data into a non-volatile memory; this data may be read out at a later time with an NFC-equipped smartphone or other device. The sensor features an ambient energy harvesting unit that allows sensing operations while disconnected from the phone; the phone is used as a supplemental harvesting source in addition to a way to offload collected sensor data.
Do School-Based Clinicians’ Knowledge and Use of Common Elements Correlate with Better Treatment Quality?

Increasingly, research is focusing on strategies to make evidence-based practice more achievable in school mental health. A significant theme is training and implementation of “common elements” or specific therapeutic skills associated with positive clinical outcomes for children and youth, as compared to “manualized” interventions, which can be difficult to implement, especially in the school setting. As part of a larger study on quality assessment and improvement and evidence-based practice in school mental health (SMH) in three US states, this study analyzed 29 SMH clinicians’ knowledge and use of common elements and the relation of knowledge and use to independent ratings of therapy quality. There was high variability in knowledge and use of the common elements and strong associations between knowledge and use and ratings of treatment quality/effectiveness. Results are discussed in relation to advancing research and clinical practice on achievable evidence-based practice in SMH.
Splenic and peritoneal B-1 cells differ in terms of transcriptional and proliferative features that separate peritoneal B-1 from splenic B-2 cells.

B-1 cells constitute a distinct B cell subset with characteristic phenotypic and functional features. B-1 cells are highly represented among peritoneal lymphocytes; substantial numbers of B-1 cells are also located within splenic tissue. Here a number of differences in transcription factor and gene expression were identified that separate peritoneal B-1 and splenic B-2 cells, and then splenic B-1 cells obtained from immunoglobulin transgenic mice were tested for these parameters. Splenic B-1 cells resembled splenic B-2 cells rather than peritoneal B-1 cells in terms of nuclear expression of DNA-binding STAT3, CREB, and PU.1, with respect to transcriptional activation of IL-10, and in the failure to enter cell cycle in response to PMA. Splenic B-1 cells (B-1S) appear to constitute a unique population of B-1 cells, which, while sharing with peritoneal B-1 cells (B-1P) certain phenotypic features, differ from them in transcription factor and gene expression and in signaling for cell cycle progression.
Chemical physics with emphasis on low energy excitations

Abstract Some examples of recent applications of low energy and high resolution neutron spectroscopy in chemical physics are discussed. These include (1) brief descriptions of research on translation-rotation coupling in solids, focused on alkali cyanides and alkali cyanide mixed salts, (2) a discussion of the probing of non-bonded potentials in molecular solids by a study of rotational modes and tunnel splittings and (3) the use of low energy neutrons to study the mechanism of translational diffusion and reorientation in molecular complexes, ionic conductors and intercalation compounds. The illustrative examples described demonstrate the application of modern low energy neutron scattering spectroscopy over five orders of magnitude in time and energy (0.1–10 000 μeV). The importance of future research using neutron methods to study molecular dynamics in dilute and low-dimensional systems is stressed.
Accurate calculation of the reaction matrix in light nuclei

Abstract An improved Eden-Emery method is developed to solve the Bethe-Goldstone equation virtually exactly. The equation is first written in the form of an integro-differential equation. The solution is constructed with the aid of a sequence of inhomogeneous differential equations of second order. The resulting t -matrix elements are then used to perform a self-consistent calculation of the binding energy of 4 He and 16 O. For 4 He a few of the lowest order Goldstone diagrams are also evaluated. The result differs by less than 0.5 MeV/ A from the value obtained with variational calculations for the same interaction.
A theoretical-historical approach to black lynching

In America, mob violence sometimes took the form of lynching. It was often directed toward blacks of the society. Consideration is given in this paper to some legal, biological, environmental, and psychological bases for such collective mob behavior.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

(1986). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. Impact Assessment: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 50-81.
Possible effects of internal rotation in low-mass stars

The influence of internal rotation on the evolution of a 0.85M ⊙ star is investigated by the construction of model sequences. Rotation is treated by a simple one-dimensional approximation. The calculations assume solid-body rotation on the zero-age Main Sequence, followed by conservation of angular momentum in shells. The 4 cases considered have the initial angular velocities 0,2×10−4, 6×10−4, and 8×10−4/sec. All cases but the last are followed to helium ignition. Compared with the non-rotating case, the rotating models are older at Main-Sequence turnoff, develop fast-spinning central regions on the red-giant branch, and ignite helium at higher surface luminosities and at larger helium-core masses. The increases in the last two quantities are roughly proportional to the square of the initial angular velocity. The 6×10−4 case is followed through the helium core flash to the zero-age horizontal branch. Under the assumption of spherical symmetry, the non-central ignition of helium leads to a sequence of flashes of decreasing amplitude occurring progressively closer to the center. The flashes are weaker than those encountered in previous studies and do not produce mixing.
Political Culture A Determinant of Public Regardingness among School Board Members

Differences between school board members in Nebraska and Louisiana are attributed to political subcultures. But school superintendents in both states have great influence.
Morphology of bacteriophage P22 as seen in thin sections of pelleted phage

Abstract The tails of adsorbed P22 in thin section appear longer than tails seen on negatively stained phage. Phage were pelleted and sectioned to determine tail length on free phages. The tail length of both adsorbed and unadsorbed phage in thin section were nearly identical, approximately 240 A. This represents a tail length about one-third longer than that observed in negatively stained specimens. Areas of phage pellets were in highly ordered arrays (paracrystalline arrays). The phage head in thin section is sliced into shapes that are consistent with the head being an icosahedron.
Titanium surface modification by Directed Irradiation Synthesis (DIS): Nanostructuring for regenerative medicine

Bone tissue damages and even some spinal cord pathologies can be treated by using titanium implants. Despite the fact that its use proved to be highly effective, it also has some limitations, mainly due to titanium being currently assumed to be a first generation biomaterial [1]. Tissue growth and regeneration on Ti implants can be only achieved by modifying them to a third generation biomaterial, allowing surrounded tissue to be influenced at molecular level [2].
A New Approach to Measuring Socially Responsible Consumption Tendencies

Two approaches to measuring socially responsible consumption tendencies—the existing Social Responsibility Scale (SRS) and a new seven-dimension product differentiation construct-were compared usin...
Speech acts: sampling the social construction of mental retardation in everyday life

A sample of speech acts in everyday discourse referring to persons or events having to do with the term mental retardation was analyzed in order to investigate the belief that language use both constructs and reflects cultural norms that define the social roles of persons reduced to object status through categorical membership. Speech acts gathered suggest four emergent themes: the discourse of category membership, the dichotomy of normal and abnormal, issues of place and space, and fear. These themes were explicated from a social constructionist perspective, displaying the way speech acts construct mental retardation and subvert individuals with the label into demeaned and ridiculed objects of cultural fear.
Adsorption, permeation, and diffusion of gases in microporous membranes. II. Permeation of gases in microporous glass membranes

The gas permeability properties of He, H2, CO2 O2, N2 and CH4 in microporous silica membranes were studied as a function of temperature and pressure. A mathetical model of compressible flow in a hollow fiber tube with permeable walls was developed and solved to describe gas transfer in the membranes. The permeation rate of He in the microporous membrane was comparable to that in industrially produced polymeric membranes. Selectivity factors in the membrane were found to be a function of differences in the gas kinetic diameters. The ideal selectivity factor for He/CH4 was more than 10,000 at 30°C. Selectivity factors decreased with increasing temperature.
The Economic Consequences of Altruism

Altruism seens to have a bad name among economists. Adam Smith pointed out that self‐interest, under the benign guidance of the invisible hand, was the engine that made the economic world go round. Altruism was worse than irrelevant; it was pernicious.
Joint spectral and spatial quality evaluation of pan-sharpening algorithms

This research study presents a novel global index based on harmonic mean theory to jointly evaluate the performance of pan-sharpening algorithms without using a reference image. The harmonic mean of relative spatial information gain and relative spectral information preservation provides a unique global index to compare the performance of different methods. The presented index also facilitates in assigning relevance to either the spectral or spatial quality of an image. The information divergence between the multispectral (MS) bands at lower resolutions and the pan-sharpened image provides a measure of the spectral fidelity and mean-shift. Mutual information between the original pan and the synthetic pan images generated from the MS and pan-sharpened images is used to calculate the relative gain. The relative gain helps to quantify the amount of spatial information injected by the method. A trend comparison of the presented approach with other quality indices using well-known pan-sharpening methods on high resolution and medium resolution datasets reveals that the new index can be used to evaluate the quality of pan-sharpened images at the resolution of the pan image without the availability of a reference image.
Commentary on Franz Alexander's "analysis of the therapeutic factors in psychoanalytic treatment".

(2007). Commentary on Franz Alexander’s “Analysis of the Therapeutic Factors in Psychoanalytic Treatment”. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 1103-1112.
Complications of pediatric paranasal sinusitis

Acute paranasal sinus infection in children is often diagnosed clinically without the need for radiographic confirmation. Most cases have a favorable outcome following appropriate antibiotic therapy. A small percentage of cases where symptoms and signs are persistent or severe will require emergent imaging to rule out complications related to local spread of disease intraorbitally or intracranially. A strong index of suspicion is required in such cases, and cross-sectional imaging evaluation with CT and MRI should include axial and coronal images of the paranasal sinuses and, where appropriate, the orbits and brain (with attention to the cavernous sinus). There is no role for plain radiography in the evaluation of the complications of acute sinusitis in the pediatric patient.
Noise effects in high sensitivity fiber optic gyros

Noise in a n open-loop, high sensitivity fiber optic gyro, including shot, thermal, electronic, and source (RIN) contributions, is investigated experimentally. The gyro is an al-fiber, dynamically biased, open-loop gyro operating at 1.06 micrometers . Fiber lengths of 1.0 and 2.86 km were used, both wound on 16cm radius forms. A noise subtraction technique was used to reduce RIN noise. Fits to the total noise spectrum implied approximately 40 percent residual RIN remained after subtraction. With this assumption contributions to the random walk coefficient (RWC) are calculated and shown to be in agreement with experiment. A RWC of 0.67 10-4 deg/(root)hr was obtained.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multi-level decomposition approach to translational symmetry problems of several dimensions

Summary form only given. Finite antenna arrays consisting of regularly-spaced, arbitrarily-shaped and identical elements exhibit translational symmetry. This property can easily be exploited in conventional planar (2D) arrays, and the concept can also be applied to structures of higher dimensionality. The rigorous analysis of complex antenna elements in a finite array has been successfully carried out using the finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method along with a decomposition approach. In these techniques, complicated and distributed systems are modelled by decomposing the structures into like blocks, where possible, for storage and computational savings. This approach is quite efficient in most regards and when applied to finite array problems, we refer to it as the array decomposition method (ADM). It is quite successful for smaller arrays, but results in a linear increase of matrix storage for increasingly large array problems. To counter the storage problem, the approach was extended to include far-zone decomposition via the fast multipole method (FMM) (Kindt, R. and Volakis, J.L., Radio Science, 2003). This newer approach limits the near-zone interaction storage of array systems to a small number of terms. This combination of simultaneous near-zone and far-zone decompositions, the array decomposition-fast multipole method (AD-FMM), results in fixed near-zone matrix storage, and overall storage requirements of O(N) for any sized array with a system with a total of N degrees of freedom. The effectiveness of this approach for several interesting problem types is discussed.
Self-assembly of mixtures of nanorods in binary, phase-separating blends

Aligned nanorod inclusions have the potential to significantly improve both the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. Establishing facile methods for driving or “corralling” the nanorods to self-assemble into such aligned morphologies could facilitate the fabrication of effective, robust devices. Using a variety of computational methods, we model the self-assembly of a mixture of A-coated and B-coated rods in an AB phase-separating blend. Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we first show that the steric repulsion between ligands causes the coated rods to preferentially align end-to-end within the minority phase of the binary blend. Using this information, we then utilize a coarse-grained approach, which combines a Cahn–Hilliard (CH) model for the polymer blend with a Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation for the rods, to simulate a larger sample of a rod-filled 30 : 70 AB thin film. We find that just a small volume fraction of B rods in the majority B phase promotes the percolation of A-like rods within A, so that the percolation threshold for the A-rods is significantly lowered. If, however, the number of Bnanorods in the B phase exceeds a particular volume fraction, the B particles inhibit the percolation of the A rods. Thus, there is an optimal volume fraction of Bnanorods that provides the beneficial effects. The output from these morphological studies then serves as the input to the lattice spring model (LSM) for mechanical behavior of the composite. The results reveal that nanorods oriented along the tensile direction contribute to the enhancement of the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material. This multi-scale approach, integrating techniques that cover the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic, provides a valuable means of determining structure–property relationships in nanocomposites and establishing useful guidelines for tailoring the components to yield optimal materials' properties.
In Vivo and in Vitro Examination of an Autoregulatory Mechanism for Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone*

Recent evidence has been presented that demonstrates the existence of ultrashort feedback circuits for a number of neuropeptides in the central nervous system. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the possible existence of an autoregulatory mechanism for LHRH. In the first experiment, long term ovariectomized rats bearing lateral ventricular and atrial cannulae received intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of saline or LHRH every hour from 1200–1500 h. Blood was collected at 10-min intervals from 1200–1500 h to assess the effects of icv LHRH on pulsatile LH and FSH release. After the 1500 h collection, LHRH was injected iv and blood was collected to determine the effects of icv LHRH on pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. Central injections of 0.1 pg and 1 ng LHRH, but not 10 pg LHRH, significantly suppressed mean LH levels, trough LH levels, and LH pulse frequency compared to those in saline-treated control rats. The amplitude of LH pulses was not significantly affected by any dose of LHR...
Indium oxide quasi-monodimensional low temperature gas sensor

We have investigated the sensing properties of indium oxide nanostructures and tailored the deposition conditions in order to obtain nano-wires of indium oxide. We have comparatively tested the gas sensing properties of nano-wires with micrometric or even nanometric size. The micro-wires feature interesting gas sensitivity at room temperature, particularly in the case of nitrogen dioxide detection. The sensing performance is improved as the lateral dimension of the wire decreases.
Atomic Level Supramolecular Organization and Function of an Entire Bioenergetic Organelle

An atomic level structural model of a bioenergetic pseudo-organelle, the chromatophore, is presented along with a stochastic spatiotemporal description of its function. The chromatophore is an intracytoplasmic membrane vesicle of 50-70 nm size found in purple bacteria, comprising of over a hundred proteins that cooperate to produce ATP by converting light energy. The primary function of the chromatophore is performed through the subprocesses of photon absorption, excitation energy transfer, charge separation, diffusion of electron carriers, and the generation of a proton-motive force, culminating, finally, in ATP synthesis. These subprocesses bridge quantum mechanical and classical domains over timescales ranging from picoseconds to milliseconds. We present an atomic detail structural model of an entire chromatophore vesicle obtained by combining atomic-force microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography, spectroscopy, and proteomics data. The chromatophore model thus constructed features 99 LH2 complexes, 15 LH1-RC dimer complexes, 7 bc1 complexes, and 1 ATP synthase, as well as over 3000 bacteriochlorophyll pigments. Based on the resulting supramolecular organization, a stochastic description of the aforementioned subprocesses are presented, revealing the principles of efficiency and robustness in the light harvesting function of the chromatophore.
Model independent considerations on the process μ → eγ

Abstract Studies of decay angular distributions and polarization effects in the process μ → e γ pertaining to the C , P , T properties of the effective interaction are presented.
An integral equation for unsteady surface waves and a comment on the Boussinesq equation

An integral equation for unsteady inviscid surface waves has been obtained. Existing known approximations are all derived from the one equation. The Boussinesq equation is obtained and criticized.
Bands, clusters, and crystal field splitting: Understanding SF6 rotational levels

The elementary theory of electron bands for one-dimensional lattices is compared with a new approach to the theory of crystal-field splitting. Nomograms are given for determining the qualitative features of orbital level spectra for anisotropic crystal fields having polygonal (D/sub n/) or octahedral (O) symmetry. The methods described are becoming an important part of the analysis of the rovibrational fine structure of SF/sub 6/ and other symmetric molecules.
Point contact tunneling study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals

Abstract Point-contact tunneling spectroscopy measurements of a high-Tc superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal have been performed. Resonances in the current-voltage curves have been observed. A model based on the layered structure of the crystal using the modified formalism of de Gennes et al., Tomasch, and Rowell et al. has been developed for their interpretation. From the Proposed model, a superconducting energy gap parameter of δ ≈ 26 meV, corresponding to a BCS ratio 2δ k B T c ≈ 7.4 , has been obtained. In addition, the Fermi velocity of the quasiparticles in the crystal has been estimated to be νF ≈ 1.5 × 106 cm/s. The coherence length ξ has also been evaluated and is found to be ≈ 1 A.
Intercultural (Mis)Communication: Why Would You “Out” Me in Class?

This paper conceptualizes Hopson’s notion of crash moments by exploring an intercultural interaction (between an individual who identifies as heterosexual and another who identifies as homosexual) within a graduate classroom by drawing on cultural schema theory and critical incident analysis. Ultimately, this paper deconstructs a communication breakdown through a self-reflexive process in which the researcher was “outed” (someone else disclosed the sexual orientation of a lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgendered individual in a public setting) by a classmate—which the researcher deems as a problematic occurrence, making the incident critical and fitting for analysis within an intercultural communication context. This paper also considers the complexities of sexual identity negotiation as an African American female lesbian at a Historically Black College/University.
Software analytics in practice: approaches and experiences

A huge wealth of various data exists in the software development process, and hidden in the data is information about the quality of software and services as well as the dynamics of software development. With various analytic and computing technologies, software analytics is to enable software practitioners to performance data exploration and analysis in order to obtain insightful and actionable information for data-driven tasks around software and services [1].
BW 1370U87, a new monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor: Effects on biogenic amine neurotransmitter and metabolite levels in rat brain

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors increase brain concentrations of biogenic amines and decrease concentrations of the acidic metabolites of biogenic amines. It has been suggested that the magnitude of these effects is an indicator of MAO inhibition. Oral doses of BW 1370U87, moclobemide, and brofaromine were given to rats at doses previously shown to induce brain MAO-A inhibition by at least 80%. The effects on brain biogenic amines and their metabolites were quantified 2 and 4 hr after oral dosing using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Moclobemide and BW 1370U87 induced larger increases in 5HT, NE, and DA and larger decreases in DOPAC, 5HIAA, and HVA than did brofaromine at the doses tested. At 8 hr post-dose the effects of BW 1370U87 on 5HT, NE, DOPAC, and HVA were still significant (P≤0.05), and the time course was similar to that seen following moclobemide and brofaromine treatment. Only BW 1370U87 increased brain concentrations of biogenic amines at a dose that does not significantly potentiate pressor effects of orally administered tyramine.
Where have all the heroes gone? A rational-choice perspective on heroism

Heroism emerges when individual decisions are coupled with public rewards for heroic actions, making heroism akin to the voluntary provision of a highly specialized public good. In the past 35 years, however, the number of heroes has fallen considerably as reflected by military honors such as the Congressional Medal of Honor. Our model, which seeks to explain heroism in a rational decision-making framework, suggests that an observed decline in heroism can be explained on the basis of optimal individual and social responses, rather than as an arbitrary change in the governmental rewards for heroism.
The Relation of Empathy to Effective Communication

This article is a review of some of the diverse literature on the psychological concept of empathy. The author concludes that knowledge of the empathic response is basic to an understanding of the ...
The importance of atopy on exhaled nitric oxide levels in African American children.

Abstract Background For physicians to be maximally effective in managing asthma in minority populations, a better understanding of the factors that affect fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements in African Americans is needed. Objective To examine demographic, environmental, and physiologic factors that influence FeNO measurements in African American children with and without asthma. Methods A cross-sectional study of 128 African American children aged 7 to 18 years (44% with asthma) was conducted. FeNO measurements, skin prick tests (as a measure of atopy), spirometry, and questionnaire data were obtained from all participants. Regression models were constructed after identifying factors significantly associated on univariate analysis. Results Among all study participants, the mean FeNO measurement at baseline was 24.4 ppb. Children with asthma had a higher level than those without (30.9 vs 19.3 ppb, P = .002). When examining all children through logistic regression analysis, an elevated FeNO level was significantly associated with atopy, lower spirometric values, and current asthma ( P P Conclusion In African American children with and without asthma, FeNO levels are strongly influenced by atopy. Guidelines for FeNO measurements that incorporate atopic status are needed.
Integrated system for soft tissue dynamic simulation

An integrated system is built to model and simulate the dynamic response of soft tissues. The mathematical formulation employs finite element and model order reduction approaches to develop a state space model for soft tissues that allows for time-efficient numerical analysis. The stimulus device and signal processing routines are built in Matlab/Simulink and then integrated with the finite element state space model. This integrated system facilitates expeditious numerical evaluation of different soft tissue models subjected to dynamic excitation. It further elucidates the effect of different stimulus sources, as well as relative influences of different sources of uncertainty.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Modulation and function of extrarenal angiotensin receptors.

Historically, physiological modulation of the activity of the renin-angiotension system (RAS) was thought to be mediated only by changes in renin secretion. Hence, altered dietary sodium (Na) intake, changes in renal perfusion pressure, and/or renal adrenoreceptor activity would lead to changes in renin release and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration, which in turn contribute to regulation of blood pressure and sodium balance. Later, it became apparent that angiotensinogen availability and Ang-converting enzyme activity are also rate-limiting factors that influence the activity of RAS. Finally, over the past few years, evidence has accumulated that indicates the number of Ang II receptors and their subtypes are of great importance in regulating the activity and function of RAS. Cloning of the Ang II receptor genes, development of specific receptor-antagonist ligands, and establishment of genetically mutated animal models have led to greater understanding of the role of Ang II receptors in the regulation of RAS function and activity. This review focuses on the functions and regulation of Ang II receptors in vascular tissues and in the adrenal gland. The authors suggest that identification of control elements for Ang II receptor expression, which are tissue-specific, may provide a basis for future therapeutic manipulation of Ang II receptors in cardiovascular disease states.