cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent–child interactions in pediatric bipolar disorder

Parent-child relationships may have a significant effect on illness characteristics of children with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), and these relationships may, in turn, be affected by the child's illness. We characterized maternal reports of parent-child relationships using the five-factor Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) in 60 families (30 PBD youth and 30 matched controls). Data on child proband and parental psychopathology were also obtained. Compared to controls, parent-child relationships in the PBD group were characterized by significantly less warmth, affection, and intimacy, and more quarreling and forceful punishment. Among PBD participants, elevated symptoms of mania, comorbid ADHD, an earlier age of illness onset, living in a single parent home, and the presence of a parental mood disorder were associated with greater parent-child relationship difficulties. These findings have implications for the development of interventions that focus on the quality of parent-child relationships, in addition to symptom management, in the treatment of PBD.
Pharmacological applications of inorganic complexes.

Inorganic complexes have long been utilized for many therapeutic purposes. They were used or tried, perhaps because of the general notion that inorganic compounds (e.g., metal complexes) are toxic and a controlled use of such a compound may suppress some biological process. In this review, we briefly outline the properties of several selected groups of inorganic complexes and how they can affect biological systems and contribute to human pathologies.
Widespread availability of artemisinin monotherapy in the United States.

To the Editor: Artemisinin-based combination therapies are recommended as first line treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most areas of the world. The article by Shahinas et al. (1) describes a patient who had P. falciparum malaria after returning from Nigeria. Her isolate had an elevated 50% inhibitory concentration to artemisinin derivatives. She had obtained artesunate in Nigeria and took it weekly for malaria prophylaxis, which might have contributed to the relative resistance found.
Surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum

Ten cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum which were treated surgically are reviewed. All 10 cases were males and involved the dominant side. The ages at surgery ranged from 13 to 17 years. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 7 years. All of the youths had competed in organized athletics, either baseball or football. By position there were three pitchers, two catchers, two infielders, and one outfielder; in addition there were one quarterback and one linebacker. Only one patient presented with locking of the elbow, whereas the others presented with pain and limitation of extension. The locked elbow was explored immediately and the others were explored after immobilization failed to relieve their symptoms. In seven of the joints a loose fragment of the capitellum was found lying either in the joint or in a defect in the capitellum. The fragment had multiple small holes. In three cases there was no loose fragment. In this situation a cortical window was cut above the capitellum. The capitellum...
A statistical method for the serial comparison of vector cardiograms

In the absence of quantitative clinical standards to detect serial changes in cardiograms, statistical procedures are proposed as an alternative. These procedures are preceded by a dimension reducing orthonormal transformation of the original digitized cardiogram into a lower dimensional feature space. In feature space, mul-tivariate test criteria are given for the detection of changes in covariance matrices or mean vectors of the cardiograms. The flexibility is provided to compare the cardiograms of the same individual pairwise or simultaneously. Some pertinent remarks are also made about controlling the overall level of significance and its impact on the application of these techniques to cardiograms of USAF pilots.
Influence of Anesthesia on Circulatory Changes in Dogs Subjected to Graded Hemorrhage.

Summary and Conclusions1. Circulatory responses to graded hemorrhage varied significantly with six anesthetic procedures studied. 2. Of the drugs studied with the criteria used, the changes with cyclopropane most nearly approached those observed in animals receiving only local procaine. 3. The effects of anesthetic drugs must be taken into consideration in evaluating experimental shock studies.
On Pearson's random walk and some statistical properties of a quasiperiodic observable in a simple quantum model

The dynamics of the atomic inversion of a quantum model of field-atom interaction is studied from a statistical point of view. We determine its mean motion and its partial recurrence frequencies. We employed the mathematical analysis used by Lagrange, Wintner, and Weyl in their pioneering studies of the perturbed planetary motion and its connection with the studies of Pearson's random walks.
Tidings of Menispermaceae from interior French Guiana and from the Brazilian state of Bahia

From French GuianaDisciphania moriorum is formally described and illustrated, and a second, imperfectly known member of the genus is provisionally recorded. From BahiaCurarea crassa is new, andAbuta convexa (Vell.) Diels is added to the state flora. A conspectus of Menispermaceae presently known from Bahia, a key to both sexes of the taxa, and brief indications of their ecology are provided.
A comparison of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in tissues of immature and mature Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes from various tissues of mature and immature (fry) Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were compared. Brain isozymes from both appeared identical while minor differences were seen with isozymes from liver and heart. The most dramatic differences were observed in isozymes from muscle. Adult muscle displayed 8 discernible LDH isozymes while fry muscle displayed 7. Of these, fry muscle contained 2 predominant isozymes, one of which was specified by the B locus while the other was specified by the A locus. In adult muscle 3 predominant isozymes were seen and all were A locus associated. In addition, none of the predominant isozymes from adult and fry muscle were seen to comigrate.
Use of Crystalline Boron as a Burn Rate Retardant toward the Development of Green-Colored Handheld Signal Formulations

The effect of using crystalline boron in green-colored handheld signal formulations is described. Due to its chemically inert nature, crystalline boron served to reduce the burn rates of the formulations. By adjusting crystalline boron percentages in the formulations, the pyrotechnic system could be tuned to meet burn time specifications.
Exercise testing is useful to screen for residual coarctation in children.

Twenty-seven children (ages 8 to 18 years) who had a history of successful coarctation repair (mean transisthmic Doppler gradient [TI-D] 98th percentile per body surface area) and 17 (63%) had a mean TI-D ≥40 mmHg. Eight underwent MRI or angiography; a residual coarctation (RCoA) was confirmed in three and excluded in five. RCoA was excluded in three other children who were normotensive at rest and had normal postoperative echocardiographic findings. No individual test (SBP, RA-A SBP, TI-D) at rest or with exercise testing was statistically useful to identify RCoA. However, the requirement for a RA-A SBP difference ≥20 mmHg and a TI-D ≥40 mmHg during exercise testing was a useful screen: RCoA was present in three of five children who fit these criteria but was absent in six of six who did not.
Green's function for arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies of revolution

In this paper, a solution is developed to calculate the electric field at one point in space due to an electric dipole exciting an arbitrarily shaped dielectric body of revolution (BOR). Specifically, the electric field is determined from the solution of coupled surface integral equations (SIE) for the induced surface electric and magnetic currents on the dielectric body excited by an elementary electric current dipole source. Both the interior and exterior fields to the dielectric BOR may be accurately evaluated via this approach. For a highly lossy dielectric body, the numerical Green's function is also obtainable from an approximate integral equation (AIE) based on a surface boundary condition. If this equation is solved by the method of moments, significant numerical efficiency over SIE is realized. Numerical results obtained by both SIE and AIE approaches agree with the exact solution for the special case of a dielectric sphere. With this numerical Green's function, the complicated radiation and scattering problems in the presence of an arbitrarily shaped dielectric BOR are readily solvable by the method of moments.
Aminophospholipid translocase and phospholipid scramblase activities in sickle erythrocyte subpopulations

Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization may contribute to Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) characteristics including thrombogenesis, endothelial adhesion and shortened red blood cell (RBC) lifespan. Aminophospholipid translocase (APLT) returns externalized PS to the inner membrane, and phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR) equilibrates phospholipids (PL) across the membrane. APLT inhibition and PLSCR activation appear to be important for PS externalization. We examined relationships between APLT, PLSCR and external PS in mature sickle RBC and reticulocytes. Normally-hydrated sickle RBC without external PS had active APLT and inactive PLSCR. PS-exposing sickle RBC had inhibited APLT and active PLSCR. Sickle reticulocytes had active APLT and active PLSCR independent of external PS. Sickle RBC dehydrated in vivo had the highest proportion of PS-exposing RBC and markedly inhibited APLT. Normal and sickle RBC dehydrated in vitro had moderately decreased APLT. Rehydration resulted in significant recovery of APLT in RBC previously dehydrated in vitro, but not in sickle RBC dehydrated in vivo. These findings indicate that (i) PS externalization in mature sickle RBC depends on the balance between APLT and PLSCR activities, (ii) PS externalization in sickle reticulocytes depends primarily on PLSCR activation and (iii) APLT inhibition in sickle RBC dehydrated in vivo is due to dehydration itself and other factors.
Rapid Compartment- and Model-Independent Estimation of Times Required to Attain Various Fractions of Steady-State Plasma Level during Multiple Dosing of Drugs Obeying Superposition Principle and Having Various Absorption or Infusion Kinetics

A new general equation based only on plasma data was derived for rapid estimation of the average plasma level and the mean fraction of the steady-state plasma level attained during any multiple-dosing interval. It can be applied to any complex absorption or infusion kinetics (i.e., is not limited to zero-order or first-order kinetics) for drugs obeying linear disposition kinetic or superposition principles. The time, t, required to reach a certain mean fraction of the steady-state plasma level is equal to the time at which the plasma area from time zero to time t is equal to the same fraction of the plasma area from time zero to infinity (AUC0→ ∞) following a single dose. No other pharmacokinetic parameters are necessary.
Ideological Proximity and Support for The Supreme Court

Although the Supreme Court is a countermajoritarian institution by design, many scholars have contended that without concrete powers, the Court relies on public support for legitimacy. Accordingly, it is important to understand the relationship between people’s ideological proximity to the Court and their support for it. Existing empirical research suggests a correspondence between public opinion and the Court’s positions, but these studies do not directly compare masses and elites in a common space. To address these issues, we conducted an original survey asking respondents about their positions on ten recently decided Supreme Court cases. This allows us to estimate the positions of citizens and justices on the same ideological scale. Further, while some existing theories of perceptions of judicial legitimacy suggest similar relationships between ideological distance and various types of support for the Court, we propose a theory of heterogeneous responsiveness which posits that citizens’ ideological distance from the Court should be negatively related to their approval of and trust in the institution, but positively related to their support for its countermajoritarian function. Our empirical approach finds support for the theory.
THREE-BODY CORRELATIONS IN NUCLEAR MATTER

The energy of nuclear matter which is due to the simultaneous interaction of three nucleons is calculated to all orders of Goldstone perturbation theory. The various orders form a divergent series with alternating signs. This series is summed by an integral equation due to Faddeev, and an approximate solution of this equation is found. According to this solution, the effect of the repulsive core on the potential energy of "particle" states is reduced to about one-third as compared with the usual third-order calculation, while the long-range attraction is essentially unchanged. The total potential energy of the important excited particle states is thereby reduced essentially to zero. Similarly, the total effect of three-body correlations on the energy of nuclear matter is very small, of the order of 3 to 6% of that of the two-body correlations. Thus the Goldstone series, if rearranged into a series in the number of interacting particles (which also corresponds roughly to powers of the density), converges very rapidly. The energy of nuclear matter is reduced substantially by our theory. When the theory is combined with Wong's idea of a "soft" repulsive core, the binding energy becomes roughly 13 MeV per particle, in much better agreement with observation than other recent estimates.
Challenges of Running Scientific Workflows in Cloud Environments

This talk will touch upon the challenges of running scientific workflows in distributed environments such as academic and commercial clouds. It will describe the Pegasus Workflow Management System [1] and how it manages the execution of a variety of scientific workflows. Pegasus is a system that maps high-level workflow descriptions onto the available, potentially distributed compute and data resources. It supports workflow reusability by making the same workflow description portable across infrastructures, including different clouds. A single workflow can run on a particular cloud or across heterogeneous clouds. Pegasus also optimizes the workflow from the point of view of performance and reliability. The talk will explore the options for data management, the impact of file system choice on performance, and general issues of resource provisioning. It will examine the interplay between resource provisioning and workflow execution, and how knowledge about the workflow structure and task characteristics can be used to make better resource provisioning decisions at runtime. The talk will describe the concept of a Shadow Queue and how it is used to predict future workflow needs. This information is then made available to a provisioning system such as the one based on ORCA (Open Resource Control Architecture) [2] to provision compute and network resources as needed while the workflow is executing.
High-rate, roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing of flexible systems

Since the National Nanotechnology Initiative was first announced in 2000, nanotechnology has developed an impressive catalog of nano-scale structures with building-blocks such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, nanopillars, and quantum dots. Similarly, there are accompanying materials processes such as, atomic layer deposition, pulsed layer deposition, nanoprinting, nanoimprinting, transfer printing, nanolithography and nanopatterning. One of the challenges of nanomanufacturing is scaling up these processes reliably and affordably. Roll-to-roll manufacturing is a means for scaling up, for increasing throughput. It is high-speed production using a continuous, moving platform such as a web or a flexible substrate. The adoption of roll-to-roll to nanomanufacturing is novel. The goal is to build structures and devices with nano-scale features and specific functionality. The substrate could be a polymer, metal foil, silk, cloth or paper. The materials to build the structures and multi-level devices could be organic, inorganic or biological. Processing could be solution-based, e.g., ink-jet printing, or vacuum-based, e.g., chemical vapor deposition. Products could be electronics, optoelectronics, membranes, catalysts, microfluidics, lab-on-film, filters, etc. By this means, processing of large and conformal areas is achievable. High-throughput translates into low cost, which is the attraction of roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing. There are technical challenges requiring fundamental scientific advances in materials and process development and in manufacturing and system-integration where achieving nano-scale feature size, resolution and accuracy at high speeds can be major hurdles. We will give an overview of roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing with emphasis on the need to understand the material, process and system complexities, the need for instrumentation, measurement, and process control and describe the concept of cyber-enabled nanomanufacturing for reliable and predictable production.
Procollagenase associated with the noncalcified matrix of bone and its regulation by parathyroid hormone.

Abstract Collagenolytic enzyme activity associated with the noncalcified pool of collagen was studied using calvarial matrices from which the periosteal cell envelope had been removed. Aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) stimulated degradation of about 5% of the noncalcified collagen in matrices prepared from freshly dissected bone. Significantly more activity was detected if intact calvaria were cultured 24 h before removal of the cells, in which case 20–30% of the noncalcified collagen was degraded following treatment with APMA. Trypsin elicited a similar response. The collagen being degraded was representative of the entire pool of noncalcified collagen and was not underhydroxylated. Treatment of intact calvaria with parathyroid hormone (PTH) before removal of the cells increased the level of both active collagenase and procollagenase activity associated with the matrix. Enhanced 3H release was noted for PTH treated intact bone in the prior 24 h. Inactivation of endogenous procollagenase by phenanthroline had no effect on the ability of isolated calvarial cells to resorb the bone upon treatment with resorptive agents. The data show that PTH-stimulated collagenolysis of noncalcified collagen involves increased deposition of procollagenase onto the noncalcified matrix in addition to activation of the enzyme.
Log-periodic loop antennas with high gain and linear polarization

A log-periodic loop antenna (LPLA) is proposed and analyzed numerically and experimentally. This antenna has smaller transverse dimensions than the conventional log-periodic dipole antenna with comparable radiation properties. Radiation characteristics of an LPLA with six turns and a ground reflector (GR) are presented. The results indicate that the LPLA can provide high gain and linear polarization over a wide bandwidth. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 66–68, 2000.
Shape averaging and its applications to industrial design

A computer-assisted technique called shape averaging is presented. Shape averaging produces an abstraction of the typical representation from a set of shapes. Since the averaging is assumed to preserve the characteristics of the original shapes, the result is useful in predicting trends in form or extracting stereotypes from a group of related shapes. The technique can be used to create new forms by blending global features of existing unrelated shapes. The syntactic averaging of shapes consisting of 2-D planar polygons or of 3-D objects represented by planar contours is examined. An algorithm is presented to determine the correspondence between polygons defined by arbitrary numbers of vertices. Algorithms to extract the mean, the median, and the mode from the shapes are also introduced. Potential applications of shape averaging in design are illustrated. >
The Drosophila Tumor Suppressor vps25 Prevents Nonautonomous Overproliferation by Regulating Notch Trafficking

Cell-cell signaling coordinates proliferation of metazoan tissues during development, and its alteration can induce malignant transformation. Endocytosis regulates signaling by controlling the levels and activity of transmembrane receptors, both prior to and following ligand engagement. Here, we identify Vps25, a component of the ESCRT machinery that regulates endocytic sorting of signaling receptors, as an unconventional type of Drosophila tumor suppressor. vps25 mutant cells undergo autonomous neoplastic-like transformation, but they also stimulate nonautonomous cell proliferation. Endocytic trafficking defects in vps25 cells cause endosomal accumulation of the signaling receptor Notch and enhanced Notch signaling. Increased Notch activity leads to ectopic production of the mitogenic JAK-STAT pathway ligand Unpaired, which is secreted from mutant cells to induce overproliferation of the surrounding epithelium. Our data show that defects in endocytic sorting can both transform cells and, through heterotypic signaling, alter the behavior of neighboring wild-type tissue.
Structure and formation of cellulosic chars

The formation and structure of chars produced on heating of cellulose, lignin, and wood have been investigated by FTIR and CP/MAS 13C-NMR, and the results have been discussed in conjunction with parallel permanganate oxidation studies reported before. These data show that when cellulose is heated for 5 min within the temperature range of 325–350°C, the IR bands associated with hydroxyl and glycosidic groups in cellulose disappear, and new bands signal the formation of unsaturation and carbonyl groups by dehydration and rearrangement. The NMR data also show the disappearance of the glycosyl carbons at 60–110 ppm and the appearance of methyl and other paraffinic carbons at 0–60 ppm, aromatic carbons at 110–170 ppm, carboxyl carbons at 170–190 ppm, and carbonyl carbons at 190–220 ppm. On heating at 400°C the IR and NMR signals for the glycosyl groups completely disappear, the signals for carbonyl and carboxyl groups diminish, and those for the aromatic and paraffinic groups expand. At this stage the char contains about 69% aromatic and 27% paraffinic carbons. At the temperature range of 400–500°C the paraffinic carbon content is reduced to 12%, and a highly aromatic (88%) char is produced. This is consistent with the permanganate oxidation studies which show the production of polycyclic aromatic structures resulting from extensive condensation and crosslinking at these temperatures. The chars produced from wood and lignin at 400°C had about the same aromatic carbon content as the corresponding cellulose char; however, the char yields were higher due to the presence of the methoxy phenyl groups that survive the heating process, as indicated by strong NMR signals at 55 and 148 ppm.
Characterization of electroconvulsive seizure-induced TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in hippocampal vasculature

Degradation of the vascular basement membrane stimulates angiogenesis and is tightly controlled by balancing the actions of metalloproteases and their inhibitors. Previous work demonstrated that electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) elevates angiogenic factors and endothelial proliferation in the hippocampus. The robust induction of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 1 (TIMP-1) in the stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM) corresponds to sites of increased vascular density. This led us to examine the spatial and cellular expression of TIMP-1 and its substrate, matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9). Chronic ECS increased TIMP-1 by 12-fold and MMP-9 by 3-fold in discrete SLM cells. We then characterized the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in relation to vasculature in the SLM and glial-limiting membrane (GLM). Employing laser microdissection we identified the cell types associated with SLM vasculature and also phenotyped the cells expressing TIMP-1 and MMP-9. We concluded that TIMP-1 is produced by perivascular cells positive for alpha smooth actin and that MMP-9 is expressed by GFAP-positive astrocytes. These studies suggest that ECS-induced remodelling occurs at the vascular basement membrane and facilitates neovascularization.
Symbolic victory and political reality in the southern textile industry: The meaning of the J. P. Stevens settlement for southern labor relations

In October, 1980, J. P. Stevens & Company ended a long, bitter labor-management battle by signing a contract with the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU). Labor hailed the victory as its long-delayed break-through for workers in the traditionally nonunion, low-wage industries of the South. This paper assesses the importance of the Stevens/ACTWU settlement for Stevens, the textile industry, and the changing Southern economy. When the ACTWU victory is examined in this light, it becomes clear that the impact of the settlement is far more limited than is generally believed.
Accurate molecular energies by extrapolation of atomic energies using an analytic quantum mechanical model

Using an analytic quantum-mechanical method based on Slater's $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ method, we show that a fairly accurate estimate of the total energy of a molecule can be obtained from the exact energies of its constituent atoms. The mean absolute error in the total energies thus determined for the $G2$ set of 56 molecules is about $16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kcal}∕\mathrm{mol}$, comparable to or better than some popular pure and hybrid density functional models.
Response and associative learning as a function of warmup

The influence of warmup was investigated in a paired-associate task in which the learning of responses, as well as the association of stimuli and responses, was measured. A significant warm-up effect was found in the associative stage of the paired-associate task, while no substantial warm-up was observed in the response-learning phase of the same task. The results support Underwood’s stage analysis model of paired-associate learning.
Prosthetic graft reconstruction after portal vein resection in pancreaticoduodenectomy: a multicenter analysis.

Background Use of prosthetic grafts for reconstruction after portal vein (PV) resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy is controversial. We examined outcomes in patients who underwent vein reconstruction using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Study Design Review of prospectively maintained databases at 3 centers identified all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with vein resection and reconstruction using PTFE grafts between 1994 and 2009. Patient, operative, and outcomes variables were studied. Graft patency and survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier technique. Results Thirty-three patients underwent segmental vein resection with interposition PTFE graft reconstruction. Median age was 67 years; median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score was 1. Most operations were performed for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 28, 85%); 96% were T3 lesions or greater. Standard PD was performed in 12 (36%) patients, pylorus-preservation in 17 (52%), and total pancreatectomy in 4 (12%). Combined resection of portal and superior mesenteric veins (SMV) was required in 49%, with resection isolated to PV in 12% and SMV in 39%. Splenic vein ligation was necessary in 30%. Median graft diameter was 12 mm (range 8 to 20 mm), with the majority being ring-enforced (73%). Median operative and vascular clamp times were 463 and 41 minutes, respectively, with median blood loss of 1,500 mL. The negative margin rate was 64%. Overall morbidity rate was 46%, and 30-day mortality was 6%. No patients developed irreversible hepatic necrosis or graft infection. Pancreatic fistulas occurred in 3 (9.1%). With mean follow-up of 14 months, overall graft patency was 76%. Estimated median duration of graft patency was 21 months. Median survival was 12 months for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions With careful patient selection, PTFE graft reconstruction of resected PV/SMV during pancreaticoduodenectomy is possible with minimal risk of hepatic necrosis or graft infection. Comparison studies to primary anastomosis and autologous vein reconstruction are necessary.
Unnatural Extinction: The Rise and Fall of the Independent Local Union

This article analyzes what happened to independent local unions (ILUs), also known as company unions, since 1935. After providing a statistical analysis of ILU membership since 1935, the article looks at the factors that shaped membership trends: changes in labor law, the characteristics of ILUs, worker attitudes toward ILUs, and employers' industrial relations policies. New evidence is presented that suggests that even those employers who still favored ILUs in the 1950s were orienting them away from collective bargaining and toward the “new nonunion model” of the 1960s and 1970s.
Variability in Visual Thresholds

Summary and Conclusions This investigation studied variability in visual thresholds for six subjects for 50 consecutive days. The results show the following: 1. Session-to-session variability agrees closely with the variability estimates made by Hecht and Zegers. 2. No periodic or cyclic trends appeared for the group or for any individual subject. 3. For all six subjects for the first 15 days of testing, a learning phenomenon was observed for the mean and standard-deviation data. There was a slow rise over the last 10 days of testing for the mean, but not for the standard-deviation data. (A discussion of the possible causes of the rise of the mean over the last 10 days suggested the influence of extraneous factors, such as boredom and fatigue.) 4. No effect of the menstrual cycle upon the threshold values was found. 4. No effect of the menstrual cycle upon the threshold values was found.
Steroidogenesis by enzyme-dispersed turtle (Chrysemys picta) ovarian cells in response to ovine gonadotropins (FSH and LH)☆

Follicular cells obtained by collagenase dispersion of turtle (Chrysemys picta) ovarian tissue at three different times of the year (summer, stage 1; fall, stage 2; spring, stage 3) were examined for steroid (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol) secretion in response to increasing concentrations of ovine FSH and LH. At all three stages of the cycle FSH stimulated steroid production. Although both progesterone and testosterone were secreted by cells obtained from ovaries at stages 1 and 2 of the cycle, estradiol could not be detected in incubations of cells at these times. However, at stage 3 of the cycle, a stimulatory effect of FSH on estradiol production was apparent. The slight stimulatory effect of high doses of LH on progesterone and testosterone production may be due to FSH contamination in this particular NIH preparation. Turtle luteal cells prepared by the same method secreted progesterone in response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
Cellular applications of a sensitive and selective fiber-optic nitric oxide biosensor based on a dye-labeled heme domain of soluble guanylate cyclase.

Nitric oxide-selective sensors have been prepared with the heme domain of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the only known receptor for signal transduction involving nitric oxide. Expressed in and purified from E. coli, the heme domain contains a stoichiometric amount of heme that has electronic and resonance Raman spectra almost identical to those of heterodimeric (native) sGC purified from bovine lung. The small size of the heme domain, its inability to bind oxygen, and its high affinity for nitric oxide make it well-suited for sensor applications. The heme domain has been labeled with a fluorescent reporter dye and changes in this dye's intensity are observed based on the sGC heme domain's characteristic binding of nitric oxide. The current sensors are prepared with 100-microns optical fiber but could also be prepared using submicrometer fiber tips. These sensors have fast, linear, and reversible responses to nitric oxide and are unaffected by numerous common interferents, such as oxygen, nitrite and nitrate. The sensor limit of detection is 1 microM nitric oxide. Glutathione has been shown to decrease the sensitivity of the sensor; however, the sensor response remains linear and can be calibrated on the basis of the glutathione concentration present in the biological environment of interest. The sensors have been used to measure extracellular nitric oxide production by BALB/c mouse macrophages. Minimal nitric oxide was produced by untreated cells, while high levels of nitric oxide were released from activated cells, e.g., 111 +/- 2 microM in a given cell culture.
Thinking about thinking: implications for patient safety.

Clinical medicine, a learned, rational, science-using practice, is labelled a science even though physicians have the good sense not to practise it that way. Rather than thinking like scientists – or how we think scientists think – physicians are engaged in analogical, interpretive reasoning that resembles Aristotle’s phronesis, or practical reasoning, more closely than episteme, or scientific reasoning. In medicine, phronesis is clinical judgment; and while it depends on both a fund of information and extensive experience, somehow it is not quite teachable. This practical, clinical rationality relies on case narrative for teaching and learning about illness and disease, for recording and communicating about patient care and, inevitably, for thinking about and remembering the details, as well as the overarching rules of practice. At the same time, “anecdotal” remains the most pejorative word in medicine, and the tension between the justifiable caution this disdain expresses and the pervasive narrative structure of medical knowledge is characteristic of clinical knowing generally: a tug-of-war between apparent irreconcilables that can be settled only by an appeal to the circumstances of the clinical situation. Practical rationality in the clinical encounter is characterized by a productive circulation between the particular details of the patient’s presentation and general information about disease stored as a taxonomy of cases. Evidence-based medicine can improve this negotiation between general knowledge and the patient’s particulars, but it cannot replace it. In a scientific era, clinical judgment remains the quintessential intellectual strength of the clinician. Why, then, do we not teach the epistemology of medicine? Understanding the mis-description of physicians’ thinking – and the accompanying claim that medicine is, in itself, a science – could mitigate the misplaced perfectionism that makes mistakes in medicine personal and unthinkable.
Mechanism of Release of Nucleotidic Material by Fermenting Brewer's Yeast

SUMMARY— When a strain of brewer's yeast grown under suitable conditions was suspended in a solution of fermentable sugar, nucleotides and other U.V.–absorbing materials were rapidly released from the cells. The extent of release was dependent on the pH of the medium, the temperature, the concentration of fermentable sugar and on the presence of membrane–protecting (Ca++ or Mg++) or membrane–damaging (butanol, detergent) reagents. The released material was of low molecular weight and appeared to originate in a free intracellular pool. It was concluded that the mechanism of release of nucleotidic material was the result of a change in permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of yeast contingent upon the transport and metabolism of fermentable sugar. Leakage of nucleotidic material from yeast was considered to be a normal physiological process of consequence in the brewing and wine–making industries.
Strange-particle physics at Jefferson Lab

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility is devoted to the investigation of the electromagnetic structure of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using high duty-cycle electron and photon beams in the energy range up to 4 GeV. The basic features and the status of the accelerator and the experimental instrumentation are presented. The program to study strange particle physics is discussed, and some specific examples are given.
Student Perceptions About Business Communication in Their Careers

There is little question among educators and business executives that excellent communication skills are requisites for today's jobs. Yet most business teachers realize the difficulty of getting st...
Red and nebulous objects in dark clouds - A survey

A search on the NGS-PO Sky Survey photographs has revealed 150 interesting nebulous and/or red objects, mostly lying in dark clouds and not previously catalogued. Spectral classifications are presented for 55 objects. These indicate a small number of new members of the class of Herbig-Haro objects, a significant number of new T Tauri stars, and a few emission-line hot stars. It is argued that hot, high-mass stars form preferentially in the dense cores of dark clouds. The possible symbiosis of high and low mass stars is considered. A new morphology class is defined for cometary nebulae, in which a star lies on the periphery of a nebulous ring.
Assessments of Infant Play: Applications to Research and Practice

From early in the first year of life, an infant's play with objects and with people is a mirror of what the child knows. In addition, play behavior is correlated with language development and is related to the quality of mother-infant attachment. Because play is related to other aspects of development and because it is so readily visible, play assessment provides data nurses can use in practice and in research. This article (a) integrates research describing infant and toddler play, its correlates, and assessment techniques and (b) proposes applications of play assessment for practice and research.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone: Effects on Maintenance of Immunoreactive Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and LH in Adenohypophysial Cells

We investigated the importance of LHRH on the maintenance of FSH and LH immunoreactivity in gonadotrophs. Hypophysectomized orchidectomized hamsters (hosts) each received an allograft of a 7-week-old male hamster pituitary gland beneath their right renal capsule. Starting 6 days after transplantation, hosts were injected sc, twice daily with 1 μg LHRH or vehicle for 16 days. Twelve hosts in each group were killed by decapitation 16 h after the last injection. Allografts from six of the hamsters in each group and pituitary glands in situ from 10-week-old normal males were prepared for histological examination. Sections of tissue were stained for FSH or LH and with hematoxylin. Allografts from the remaining hamsters were homogenized to measure FSH and LH concentrations. In allografts from the vehicle-treated hosts, 22.8% of adenohypophysial cells stained for LH, while only 16.9% stained for FSH. In allografts from LHRH-treated hosts, 22.6% and 23.8% of the adenohypophysial cells stained for LH and FSH, resp...
Algorithms for multi-item procurement planning with case packs

A distribution case pack contains an assortment of varying quantities of different stock keeping units (SKUs) packed in a single box or pallet, with a goal of reducing handling requirements in the distribution chain. This article studies case pack procurement planning problems that address the trade-off between reduced order handling costs and higher inventory-related costs under dynamic, deterministic demand. The properties of optimal solutions for special cases of the problem involving one and two case packs are first established and these properties are used to solve the problem via dynamic programming. For the general model with multiple predefined case packs, which is shown to be strongly NP-hard, the exact approach is generalized to solve the problem in pseudopolynomial time for a fixed number of case packs. In addition, for large-size problems, the problem formulation is strengthed using valid inequalities and a family of heuristic solutions is designed. Computational tests show that these heuristi...
Detection of topology errors by state estimation (power systems)

Errors in the telemetered data of breaker and switch status, through the network topology processor in the EMS (energy management system) computer, may result in errors in the determination of the current network topology of the system. The use of normalized residuals that result from state estimation is proposed for the detection of topology errors. Three types of topology errors are considered: line or transformer outage, bus split, and shunt capacitor/reactor switching. Conditions for detectability of topology errors are presented. The conditions are tested on the IEEE 30 bus system, and the results confirm the theoretical predictions. The problem of topology error identification is also discussed. >
Forum as a Logic Programming Language: Preliminary Report

Abstract When Miller introduced Forum he called it a specification logic, rather than a logic programming language. In this paper we outline those features that create problems in attempting to implement an interpreter for the language, and describe solutions to those problems. We show how techniques used in the implementation of Lolli can be extended naturally to Forum. Finally, we show two Forum programs in order to demonstrate some of the paradigms that arise in using the language.
Mechanical behavior of some lightly crosslinked rubbers

The creep and dynamic mechanical properties of rubbers with a wide range of degree of crosslinking have been correlated with the swelling properties of the rubbers. Both butyl and styrene–butadiene rubbers were studied. Mechanical damping steadily decreases as the crosslinking increases. A damping test could replace the usual swelling tests as a measure of the tightness of the network structure. Lightly crosslinked rubbers have a minimum in the damping-temperature curve while highly crosslinked rubbers do not. Very small degrees of crosslinking dramatically decrease the creep rate, however, even for highly crosslinked rubbers, creep does not completely stop. The Nutting equation often gives a very good correlation between damping and creep rate.
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits

Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.
HARRA: fast iterative hashed record linkage for large-scale data collections

We study the performance issue of the "iterative" record linkage (RL) problem, where match and merge operations may occur together in iterations until convergence emerges. We first propose the Iterative Locality-Sensitive Hashing (ILSH) that dynamically merges LSH-based has tables for quick and accurate blocking. Then, by exploiting inherent characteristics within/across data sets, we develop a suite of I-LSH-based RL algorithms, named as HARRA (HAshed RecoRd linkAge). The superiority of HARRA in speed over competing RL solutions is thoroughly validated using various real data sets. While maintaining equivalent or comparable accuracy levels, for instance, HARRA runs: (1) 4.5 and 10.5 times faster than StringMap and R-Swoosh in iteratively linking 4,000 x 4,000 short records (i.e., one of the small test cases), and (2) 5.6 and 3.4 times faster than basic LSH and Multi-Probe LSH algorithms in iteratively linking 400,000 x 400,000 long records (i.e., the largest test case).
Tonotopic organization, architectonic fields, and connections of auditory cortex in macaque monkeys

Microelectrode recordings were used to investigate the tonotopic organization of auditory cortex of macaque monkeys and guide the placement of injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horse radish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and fluorescent dyes. Anatomical and physiological results were later related to histological distinctions in the same brains after sections were processed for cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), or cytochrome oxidase (CO). The experiments produced several major findings. (1) Neurons throughout a broad expanse of cortex were highly responsive to pure tones, and best frequencies could be determined for neurons in arrays of recording sites. (2) The microelectrode recordings revealed two systematic representations of tone frequencies, the primary area (AI) and a primary-like rostral field (R) as previously described. The representation of high to low frequency tones in A1 was largely caudorostral along the plane of the sulcus. A reversal of the order of representation of frequencies occurred in R. (3) AI and R together were coextensive with a koniocellular, densely myelinated zone that expressed high levels of AchE and CO. These architectonic features were somewhat less pronounced in R than AI, but a clear border between the two areas was not apparent. (4) Cortex bordering AI and R was less responsive to tones, but when best frequencies for neurons could be determined, they matched those for adjoining parts of AI and R. (5) Architectonically distinct regions were apparent within some of the cortex bordering AI and R. (6) The major ipsilateral cortical connections of AI were with R and cortex immediately lateral and medial to AI. (7) Callosal connections of AI were predominantly with matched locations in the opposite AI, but they also included adjoining fields. (8) Neurons in the ventral (MGV), medial (MGM), and dorsal (MGD) nuclei of the medial geniculate complex projected to AI and cortex lateral to AI. (9) Injections in cortex responsive to high frequency tones labeled more dorsal parts of MGV than injections in cortex responsive to low frequency tones.
Durability study of Pt3Ni1 catalysts as cathode in PEM fuel cells

The catalytic, corrosion and sintering properties of Pt/C and Pt3Ni1/C catalysts are evaluated using an accelerated durability test (ADT). The catalytic activity and dissolution rate of Ni from a Pt3Ni1/C alloy catalyst are estimated in the same time domain. A strong correlation exists between the amount of Ni dissolved and the oxygen reduction activity of the catalyst. To compare the sintering resistance of both the Pt/C and Pt3Ni1/C catalyst, the particle size of the catalysts before and after the ADT is measured by using transmission electron microscopy. The Pt3Ni1/C alloy, due to anchor effects in its structure, shows high sintering resistance. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.