cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimally controlled quantum molecular dynamics: The effect of nonlinearities on the magnitude and multiplicity of control-field solutions

This paper addresses the nature and multiplicity of an optimally designed electric field for controlling quantum-dynamical processes. A rather general cost functional is considered, with only mild conditions called for amongst the various operators involved. An explicit upper bound on the magnitude of the controlling electric field is attained in terms of the norms of various operators entering into the control cost functional. An earlier work employing first-order perturbation theory arguments showed that, under rather mild assumptions, a denumerably infinite number of control-field solutions exists for the optimal control problem
Report: The Summer Institute in Economic Geography

Since 2003, the Summer Institute in Economic Geography has been providing an opportunity for early-career economic geographers to gather, in a week-long residential workshop setting, to discuss and debate a range of theoretical, methodological, substantive, organizational, and professional development concerns in the field. The purpose of this article is to present a progress report on the first round of summer institutes and their evolving rationale and remit and to discuss the likely contribution and future development of the institute. To date, the summer institute has been held on three occasions, in Madison, Wisconsin, in 2003 and 2006, and in Bristol, United Kingdom, in 2004. Now a fixture on the economic
AN INTRODUCTION TO FERROHYDRODYNAMICS

(1988). AN INTRODUCTION TO FERROHYDRODYNAMICS. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 1-18.
Racism and Homophobia in Cuba: A Historical and Contemporary Overview

Research indicates that the combined experiences of homophobia, heterosexism, and racism have an exponentially negative impact on the mental health and social functioning of Black LGBTQ people throughout the diaspora (Majied & Moss-Knight, 2012; Wheeler & Dodd, 2011; Williams, 2000). This article will provide an analysis of the oppressive paradigms that impact LGBTQ Black Cubans. There will be an overview of race and racism in Cuba as well as a discussion of the history of sexual orientation–based oppression in Cuba. Current challenges for Black LGBTQ Cubans as well as resources and implications for social work research, policy, education, and practice will also be discussed.
Building an Interdiscipline: Collective Action Framing and the Rise of Genetic Toxicology

Interdisciplines are hybridized knowledge fields that are constituted by intentionally porous organizational, epistemological, and political boundaries. To date, these processes are not well understood. This article uses the case of genetic toxicology and draws on framing theory to examine how interdisciplines are made. I argue that the concept of “collective action frames” and attention to framing processes (Snow et al. 1986) and frame resonance (Snow and Benford 1988) adds much needed refinement to sociologists' understanding of the permeable boundaries that accompany the development of interdisciplines. I develop this argument through an analysis of public lectures, expert testimony, articles, and editorials produced by scientists promoting genetic toxicology during the period 1968—1973. I show how these researchers made the rhetorical case for genetic toxicology by amplifying , extending , and translating a set of interrelated collective action frames and why, in the context of shifting institutional opportunities, framing processes were integral to the rapid consolidation of a new and intensely interdisciplinary environmental health science. The article concludes by noting the study's implications for integrative research on science and social movements.
The interaction of some spin-labeled sulfonamides with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B.

Abstract 1. 1. Spin-labeled analogs of acetazolamide and sulfanilamide containing the nitroxide free radical have been synthesized and their interaction with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B (EC 4.2.1.1) studied by means of electron spin resonance. 2. 2. When 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-[(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl bound to carbonic anhydrase, the nitroxide group of this spin label became highly immobilized at the enzyme active site. 3. 3. When other spin-labeled sulfonamides bound to bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B, it was found that the molecular motion of the nitroxide group was dependent upon the distance of this free radical from the aromatic sulfonamide group. 4. 4. When 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-[(p-sulfamoyl)carbamoyl]propionamido]-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl bound to carbonic anhydrase, the nitroxide group no longer interacted with the active site. This suggests that the active site of bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B is a narrow cleft approx. 14.5 A in depth.
Diagnostic Utility of the Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener.

Objective: The Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener (PADDS) is an evidence-based screener of attention and executive functioning that combines computer-based Target Tests of Executive Function (TTEFs; Target Recognition, Target Sequencing, and Target Tracking) with parent and teacher behavioral reports to efficiently screen children ages 6 to 12 for ADHD. The present study is the first to examine the utility of the TTEFs in predicting ADHD status. Method: The PADDS TTEFs were administered to 76 children (age = 6-12) with ADHD and 76 matched controls. Logistic regression and diagnostic efficiency statistics were used to evaluate the ability of the three TTEFs to predicted ADHD status. Results: All three TTEFs significantly discriminated ADHD participants from controls, but each had a different diagnostic efficiency profile. Classification accuracy was improved when results of all three TTEFs were combined. Conclusion: The PADDS is a promising tool for quickly and reliably screening for ADHD in clinic and school settings. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX)
Testing independent sparse heterogeneous mixtures

Abstract We study the sequential discernibility between the independent fair coin tossing μ 0 and the sparse heterogeneous mixtures HM ( α , γ ) ≡ ( 1 - e n ) · Bernoulli ( 1 / 2 ) + e n · Bernoulli ( ( 1 + θ n ) / 2 ) with e n ∼ n - γ and θ n ∼ n - α . Extending the result in Lim (2003), we show that HM ( α , γ ) and μ 0 are sequentially discernible when 0 α + γ ⩽ 0.5 , but are not so when 0.5 γ + α 1 . It will be shown that each of the three different discernibility in [Lim, 2003. Testing stochastic processes: stationarity, independence, and ergodicity. Technical Report], (1) discernibility with an entire sample path, (2) uniformly discernibility with an entire sample path, and (3) sequentially discernibility, is equivalent to each other under this setting, and furthermore, it follows that sequential decision procedures are equivalent to the decisions based on an entire sequence. Finally, we show that the coin tossing with finitely many trials of biased coins is not sequentially discernible from that with infinitely many trials.
Enhanced clinical consulting--moving toward the core competencies of laboratory professionals.

Abstract The large menu of laboratory assays available today makes it increasingly difficult for the non-specialist to order all necessary tests, avoid medical errors, and still contain cost. Curbside consultations, “intelligent” laboratory information systems, and medical information from the Internet cannot fully fill the need for expert advice on test selection and interpretation of laboratory results. In this communication, we show the need for a more active role for laboratory physicians to select and interpret tests, demonstrate that existing attempts to deal with this issue are insufficient, and describe the model system which we have instituted at our institution. We combine reflexive testing algorithms with narrative interpretations provided by medical laboratory professionals and thereby enable physicians to obtain relevant laboratory results and to arrive at a definitive diagnosis without having to order individual tests. In our experience, such an arrangement can significantly improve the quality of care and reduce the cost per case by decreasing the time to diagnosis, the number of tests ordered, and the number of patient visits. In addition, interpretations provide a new source of professional revenue for the expert laboratory physician. This leads to a new role for laboratory professionals, in which their expertise in the selection and interpretation of laboratory tests is fully utilized.
Process improvements in the electrochemical fluorination of octanoyl chloride

Abstract The electrochemical fluorination of octanoyl chloride to produce perfluorooctanoyl fluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was investigated. The study was carried out in a microprocessor-aided modified Simons reactor system using a Cu/CuF 2 reference electrode. The formation of polymeric tar at the anode surface was limited by the addition of a mercaptan compound and by constant current density operation. Continuous operation was achieved through frequent additions of a solution of hydrogen fluoride and reactant. Conversion of reactant to perfluorinated products was improved to 80 % with good selectivity. Experimental results of this investigation are presented and discussed. ca]To whom correspondence should be addressed
Critical concentrations for triplet exciton tunneling in binary naphthalene crystals: the case for percolation

Abstract Reduced concentration curves for triplet exciton transport are scaled by the critical concentrations in four distinct isotopic-mixed ternary systems. These systems with varying lifetimes, sensor concentrations and guest-host energy separations, are in excellent agreement with a two-dimensional cluster model, based on long-range percolation functions, without adjustable parameters. This supports “energy percolation”.
Positron emission tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow and temporal lobectomy.

We used positron emission tomography (PET) and bolus injection of H215O to measure interictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 32 patients who had temporal lobectomy for uncontrolled complex partial seizures. Seizure focus localization was confirmed by ictal video–electroencephalographic (video-EEG) telemetry, and patients who had imaging findings suggesting the presence of a tumor were excluded. PET-CBF studies were interpreted using a standard template by raters blinded to EEG and clinical data, and were not used in surgical planning. After surgery, patients were followed for 32 ± 18 months. Twenty-six patients were seizure free and 6 had persistent seizures. Mean lateral temporal hypoperfusion was 8 ± 14% in patients who became seizure free and 9 ± 6% in patients with persistent seizures. Fourteen patients had at least 15%, and 11 at least 20% hypoperfusion, but were not more likely to be seizure free. Three additional patients had 15 to 20% hypoperfusion in the temporal lobe contralateral to their EEG focus. PET measurement of CBF using bolus H215O should not be used to help select patients for temporal lobectomy.
A Pluggable Autoscaling Service for Open Cloud PaaS Systems

In this paper we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a plug gable autoscaler within an open cloud platform-as-a-service (PaaS). We redefine high availability (HA) as the dynamic use of virtual machines to keep services available to users, making it a subset of elasticity (the dynamic use of virtual machines). This makes it possible to investigate autoscalers that simultaneously address HA and elasticity. We present and evaluate autoscalers within this plug gable system that are HA-aware and Quality-of-Service (QoS)-aware for web applications written in different programming languages. Hot spares can also be utilized to provide both HA and improve QoS to web users. Within the open source AppScale PaaS, hot spares can increase the amount of web traffic that the QoS-aware autoscaler serves to users by up to 32%. As this auto scaling system operates at the PaaS layer, it is able to control virtual machines and be cost-aware when addressing HA and QoS. This cost awareness uses Spot Instances within Amazon EC2 to reduce the cost of machines acquired by 91%, in exchange for increased startup time. This plug gable auto scaling system facilitates the investigation of new auto scaling algorithms by others that can take advantage of metrics provided by different levels of the cloud stack.
Preparation of Crystalline Pilocarpine Methiodide

A method for preparing crystalline pilocarpine methiodide is reported. Pilocarpine hydrochloride is converted to isopilocarpine hydrochloride in good yields by a convenient method. A comparison of the melting points, mixed melting points, and optical rotation data of pilocarpine methiodide and isopilocarpine methiodide show them to be different substances and not interconverted in the synthetic procedure developed.
The Raman Effect in HCL GAS

Improvements in the experimental conditions made it possible to get much better pictures of the Raman effect of HCl-gas than before. The results are in perfect agreement with what is predicted by the dispersion theory.
Comparing the catalytic oxidation of ethanol at the solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces over size-controlled Pt nanoparticles: striking differences in kinetics and mechanism.

Pt nanoparticles with controlled size (2, 4, and 6 nm) are synthesized and tested in ethanol oxidation by molecular oxygen at 60 °C to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide both in the gas and liquid phases. The turnover frequency of the reaction is ∼80 times faster, and the activation energy is ∼5 times higher at the gas–solid interface compared to the liquid–solid interface. The catalytic activity is highly dependent on the size of the Pt nanoparticles; however, the selectivity is not size sensitive. Acetaldehyde is the main product in both media, while twice as much carbon dioxide was observed in the gas phase compared to the liquid phase. Added water boosts the reaction in the liquid phase; however, it acts as an inhibitor in the gas phase. The more water vapor was added, the more carbon dioxide was formed in the gas phase, while the selectivity was not affected by the concentration of the water in the liquid phase. The differences in the reaction kinetics of the solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces can be...
Potential dependence of vibrational frequencies of adsorbates on a silver electrode

Abstract The frequencies of several vibrational bands of pyridine, pyrazine, p-nitroso dimethylaniline and cyanide adsorbed on a silver electrode have been investigated as a function of the electrode potential using in situ Raman spectroscopy. The frequencies of all the bands investigated were found to decrease linearly with cathodic potential. This observation is independent of the adsorbate and the anions of the supporting electrolyte. Several models explaining this effect are discussed.
Reflection Efficiencies of a Periodic Absorbing Surface

The reflection efficiencies for the various orders of diffraction produced by a grating are calculated under the following assumptions. The grating is for the most part flat, but with a fraction ∊ of the periodicity interval a described by a profile function z=f(x). The reflection and transmission efficiencies are calculated as a series expansion in ∊. Numerical calculations have been performed for the case of ultrasoft x rays incident at near grazing angles, using a complex index of refraction η=1−δ0λ2+iβ0λ3.25 or tabulated values. No effects of shadowing by the grating profile have been considered, and the numerical work has been done for a symmetrical triangular trench incised in the flat surface.
EXPANDING IMPUTED VALUES IN THE NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS

After defining economic activity the author lists the chief types of non–market economic activities for which he has prepared estimates for the United States 1929–1973, and briefly describes his methodology and data sources. Some major findings are: (1) As of 1973 GNP adjusted to include the additional imputations was 63.5 percent larger than the official estimate. (2) At least since 1929 imputed values have grown faster than official GNP, especially when both are measured in terms of real factor costs. (3) The personal sector comprises a far larger portion of the national economy-almost one-third—when account is taken of imputed labor and property compensation, and its relative importance has grown. (4) Gross government product is more than 60 percent higher when the imputed rental value of public property is added to the compensation of general government employees. (5) Reflecting the relative growth of non-business wealth, imputed property income has risen much faster than monetized property income. This has mitigated the decline in the property share of expanded gross national income compared with its share in the official estimates.
Ar + pulses from the double mode-locked Ar + - dye laser in the CPM regime

Abstract We report the generation of + pulses from a hybrid of the colliding pulse and double mode-locked Ar + -dye laser system. Correlation measurements show not only the Ar + pulsewidth, but also the detailed Ar + pulse shape.
Changes in estradiol and progesterone immunoreactivity in tissues of the lobster, Homarus americanus, with developing and immature ovaries

Abstract 1. 1. Estradiol-17β and progesterone were found in the mandibular organ, green gland, hepatopancreas, ovary and serum of the American lobster by radioimmunoassay. 2. 2. The highest concentration of estradiol-17β of tissue was found in the mandibular organ. 3. 3. While high in animals with developing ovaries estradiol-17β was undetectable in all tissues and serum of animals possessing immature ovaries. 4. 4. Similarly, progesterone concentrations were low or undetectable in all tissues of animals with immature ovaries, except in the mandibular organ. 5. 5. Progesterone concentration was almost identical in all mandibular organs. Its concentration in animals with immature ovaries was essentially the same as that found in animals with developing ovaries.
Dynamo: a transparent dynamic optimization system

We describe the design and implementation of Dynamo, a software dynamic optimization system that is capable of transparently improving the performance of a native instruction stream as it executes on the processor. The input native instruction stream to Dynamo can be dynamically generated (by a JIT for example), or it can come from the execution of a statically compiled native binary. This paper evaluates the Dynamo system in the latter, more challenging situation, in order to emphasize the limits, rather than the potential, of the system. Our experiments demonstrate that even statically optimized native binaries can be accelerated Dynamo, and often by a significant degree. For example, the average performance of -O optimized SpecInt95 benchmark binaries created by the HP product C compiler is improved to a level comparable to their -O4 optimized version running without Dynamo. Dynamo achieves this by focusing its efforts on optimization opportunities that tend to manifest only at runtime, and hence opportunities that might be difficult for a static compiler to exploit. Dynamo's operation is transparent in the sense that it does not depend on any user annotations or binary instrumentation, and does not require multiple runs, or any special compiler, operating system or hardware support. The Dynamo prototype presented here is a realistic implementation running on an HP PA-8000 workstation under the HPUX 10.20 operating system.
Characteristics of responders to a request for a buccal cell specimen among survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings

Purpose Analysis of biological samples in large cohort studies may provide insight into the mechanism of, and risk factors for, disease onset and progression.
Always Vote for Principle, Though You May Vote Alone: Explaining United States Political Support for Multilateral Development Loans

Summary What motivates the U.S. when casting votes and to what degree does its formal influence matter in final outcomes in multilateral development banks? We first assess the formal influence of the U.S. on final decisions and find that 64% of projects lacking U.S. support were nevertheless approved, suggesting U.S. influence is not as strong as previously thought. We then test several hypotheses explaining how the U.S. votes on projects in MDBs. We find recipient need is strongly related to U.S. support and some evidence for both economic and political factors, such as trade relations and human rights.
An examination of the oxidation of mercury vapor by rat brain homogenate

The oxidation of mercury vapor (Hg degrees) to divalent inorganic mercury (Hg2+) was studied in rat brain homogenates. By using a "degassing" method, it was possible to speciate the mercury present in the homogenate and, for the first time, to measure the rate of oxidation as a function of the substrate (Hg degrees) concentration. Mercury oxidation was first-order with respect to substrate concentration at all concentrations tested, and the first-order rate constant for the oxidation process was proportional to homogenate concentration. The role of catalase compound I in mercury vapor oxidation by brain homogenate was examined by observing the effects of two inhibitors of catalase (catalase compound I) on homogenate mercury-oxidizing activity and catalase activity. Sodium azide (50 mM) completely inhibited both mercury-oxidizing activity and catalase activity. Aminotriazole (3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole) (50 mM) completely inhibited only mercury-oxidizing activity; some residual catalase activity was found in the aminotriazole-treated homogenate. It was concluded that catalase compound I plays a major role in the oxidation of Hg degrees, but the possibility that catalase-independent pathways make a minor contribution cannot be excluded.
Purification and crystallization of Bacillus subtilis NrnA, a novel enzyme involved in nanoRNA degradation

The final step in RNA degradation is the hydrolysis of RNA fragments five nucleotides or less in length (nanoRNA) to mononucleotides. In Escherichia coli this step is carried out by oligoribonuclease (Orn), a DEDD-family exoribonuclease that is conserved throughout eukaryotes. However, many bacteria lack Orn homologs, and an unrelated DHH-family phosphoesterase, NrnA, has recently been identified as one of the enzymes responsible for nanoRNA degradation in Bacillus subtilis. To understand its mechanism of action, B. subtilis NrnA was purified and crystallized at room temperature using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method with PEG 4000, PEG 3350 or PEG MME 2000 as precipitant. The crystals belonged to the primitive monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 50.62, b = 121.3, c = 123.4 A, α = 90, β = 91.31, γ = 90°.
Changes in pain perception after treatment for chronic pain.

Abstract Pain threshold, sensitivity, response bias and ability to discriminate were measured before and after treatment for 15 improved and 15 unimproved chronic pain patients diagnosed as having myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) syndrome. There were no differences between the groups before treatment. After treatment, the improved group showed an increase in pain threshold, sensitivity and ability to discriminate between different levels of painful stimulation and a decrease in response bias to report pain. The unimproved group showed no change.
Photospheric flows in the active regions (asymmetric and localized Doppler velocities)

Abstract We observed 10 active regions through their disk passage during June 25–August 25, 1988, with the Tower Vector Magnetograph (TVM) of Marshall Space Flight Center. The TVM was used in scanning mode to measure the photospheric Doppler velocities with the Line-Center-Magnetogram (LCM) technique in the spectral line of FeI 5250.2 A. In this paper we present the result of a subset of observations obtained while the active regions were situated away from the solar limb. A wide range of magnetic complexity and associated chromospheric activity characterized these active regions. It was found that the value of zero-crossing wavelength of the integrated Stokes-V profile of two opposite magnetic polarities were different, corresponding to Doppler velocities ranging from ∼100 m s −1 to ∼1475 m s −1 . The measurements of relative velocities between different locations, connected by magnetic flux tubes as inferred from YOHKOH soft X-ray and TRACE 171 A Fe IX images, showed widely different values of dominant localized flows. The region of parasite polarity, which showed recurrent chromospheric activity, was blue shifted with respect to the main “magnetic element” of the same polarity. Some of them were also the sites of sheared magnetic field configuration. The magnitude of the relative velocity between the leading and following polarity is more for the active regions of higher “field asymmetry”.
Fast neutron personnel monitoring by fission fragment registration from 237Np

Abstract A combination of 237 Np (≈3 mg / cm 2 ) and a polycarbonate foil, to be spark-counted after etching, is used for fast neutron dosimetry between ≈10 −3 and > 10 rad.
Psychometric Limitations of the Mini-Mental State Examination Among Nondemented Older Adults: An Evaluation of Neurocognitive and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates

Background/Study Context: Although many of the Mini-Mental State Examination's (MMSE) limitations are well accepted among geriatricians, neuropsychologists, and other interested clinicians and researchers, its continued use in psychometrically unsound ways suggests that additional investigation and dissemination of information are sorely needed. The authors aimed to describe the reliability and validity of the MMSE as a measure of cognitive function among healthy older adults. Methods: The authors examined MMSE performance in 124 stroke- and dementia-free, community-dwelling older adults (65% male; mean age = 66.5 years). All participants were administered an extensive neuropsychological battery composed of measures of attention, executive function, memory, and visuospatial function. A subset of 99 participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MMSE test-retest reliability was examined among 65 participants who underwent repeat MMSE testing over an average interval of 83.2 days. Results: Sp...
High Versus Low Aggressive Priming During Video- Game Training: Effects on Violent Action During Game Play, Hostility, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure

Playing violent video games is related to increased negative affect and cardiovascular reactivity. We examined the influence of high and low aggressive priming during video-game training on violence during game play (e.g., shooting, choking), hostility, frustration with game play, blood pressure, and heart rate. Male undergraduates (N= 36) were assigned to a high aggressive or low aggressive video-game priming condition. After training, they played Metal Gear Solid(tm), which allows players to advance by using stealth, violence, or both. Participants in the high aggressive priming condition used significantly more violent action during game play and reported more hostility than those in the low aggressive priming condition. Heart rate was correlated with feelings of hostility. These findings indicate that both aggressive priming and use of game violence influence arousal and negative affect and might increase behavioral aggression.
Updated estimates of biotic diversity and endemism for Madagascar

Madagascar is a critical priority for international conservation efforts, based on almost unparalleled levels of endemism, species diversity, and human threat. Field research conducted over the past two decades has greatly expanded knowledge of the island's biota, making it difficult for any single research team to maintain up to date estimates of biodiversity and endemism across taxonomic groups. The recent publication of The Natural History of Madagascar, a synthesis by nearly 300 contributors from a wide range of disciplines, provides the means to update these estimates. Here, we summarize biodiversity information presented in the volume by providing revised estimates of species richness, endemism, and state of knowledge of a wide variety of taxonomic groups occurring on the island.
Chitin utilization by marine bacteria. Degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii.

Chemotaxis of the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii to chitin oligosaccharides has been described (Bassler, B. L., Gibbons, P. J., Yu, C., and Roseman, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24268-24275). Some steps in catabolism of the oligosaccharides are reported here. GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3 are very rapidly consumed by intact cells, about 320 nmol of GlcNAc equivalents/min/mg of protein. (GlcNAc)4 is utilized somewhat more slowly. During these processes, there is virtually no release of hydrolysis products by the cells. The oligosaccharides enter the periplasmic space (via specific porins?) and are hydrolyzed by a unique membrane-bound endoenzyme (chitodextrinase) and an exoenzyme (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase; beta-Glc-NAcidase). The genes encoding these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The chitodextrinase cleaves soluble oligomers, but not chitin, to the di- and trisaccharides, while the periplasmic beta-GlcNAcidase hydrolyzes the GlcNAc termini from the oligomers. The end products in the periplasm, GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2 (possibly (GlcNAc)3) are catabolized as follows. (a) Disaccharide pathway, A (GlcNAc)2 permease is apparently expressed by Vibrio furnissii. Translocated (GlcNAc)2 is rapidly hydrolyzed by a soluble, cytosolic beta-GlcNAcidase, and the GlcNAc is phosphorylated by an ATP-dependent, constitutive kinase to GlcNAc-6-P. (b) Monosaccharide pathway, Periplasmic GlcNAc is taken up by Enzyme IINag of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system, yielding GlcNAc-6-P, the common intermediate for both pathways. Finally, GlcNAc-6-P----Ac- + GlcNH2-6-P----Fru-6-P + NH3. (GlcNAc)2 is probably the "true" inducer of the chitin degradative enzymes described in this report and, depending on its concentration in the growth medium, differentially induces the periplasmic and cytosolic beta-GlcNAcidases. The disaccharide pathway appears to be the most important when the cells are confronted with low concentrations of the oligomers (e.g. in chemotaxis swarm plates). The relative activities of the induced enzymes suggest that the rate-limiting steps in oligosaccharide catabolism are the glycosidase activities in the periplasm.
Enhancing Exposure and Response Prevention for OCD: A Couple-Based Approach.

The effectiveness of individual therapy by exposure and response prevention (ERP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is well established, yet not all patients respond well, and some show relapse on discontinuation. This article begins by providing an overview of the personal and interpersonal experiences of OCD, focusing on interpersonal processes that maintain OCD symptoms and interfere with ERP. The study then describes a couple-based treatment program that the authors have developed to enhance ERP for individuals with OCD who are in long-term relationships. This program involves psychoeducation, partner-assisted exposure therapy, couple-based interventions aimed at changing maladaptive relationship patterns regarding OCD (i.e., symptom accommodation), and general couple therapy. Three case examples are presented to illustrate the couple-based techniques used in this treatment program.
Grant Writing: Practice and Preparation of University Health Educators

Abstract This national survey of health education faculty (n = 282) found that the vast majority (88%) had been awarded a grant in the past 5 years, usually in amounts of less than $10,000. Less than one in four had received grants of $250,000 or more. Although less than one in four faculty (23%) felt prepared to write grants immediately following graduation, four of five currently felt prepared to do so. Two barriers to grant writing were identified by a majority of faculty: heavy teaching loads (68%) and administrative or committee assignments (55%). Finally, 90% of the faculty thought grant writing should be part of formal graduate student training, yet only 65% reported offering grant writing training to their graduate students.
How to write an article: Preparing a publishable manuscript!

Most of the scientific work presented as abstracts (platforms and posters) at various conferences have the potential to be published as articles in peer-reviewed journals. This DIY (Do It Yourself) article on how to achieve that goal is an extension of the symposium presented at the 36 th European Congress of Cytology, Istanbul, Turkey (presentation available on net at http://alturl.com/ q6bfp). The criteria for manuscript authorship should be based on the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts. The next step is to choose the appropriate journal to submit the manuscript and review the 'Instructions to the authors' for that journal. Although initially it may appear to be an insurmountable task, diligent organizational discipline with a little patience and perseverance with input from mentors should lead to the preparation of a nearly perfect publishable manuscript even by a novice. Ultimately, the published article is an excellent track record of academic productivity with contribution to the general public good by encouraging the exchange of experience and innovation. It is a highly rewarding conduit to the personal success and growth leading to the collective achievement of continued scientific progress. Recent emergences of journals and publishers offering the platform and opportunity to publish under an open access charter provides the opportunity for authors to protect their copyright from being lost to conventional publishers. Publishing your work on this open platform is the most rewarding mission and is the recommended option in the current modern era. [This open access article can be linked (copy-paste link from HTML version of this article) or reproduced FREELY if original reference details are prominently identifiable ].
Economic Resilience Lessons from the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario

Following a damaging earthquake, “business interruption” (BI)—reduced production of goods and services—begins and continues long after the ground shaking stops. Economic resilience reduces BI losse...
Rate-limiting steps in isoproterenol and forskolin stimulated lipolysis

Abstract Using the flask-incubated fat cell system, effects of isoproterenol and forskolin on glycerol release, cyclic AMP levels and protein kinase were studied. Isoproterenol increased cyclic AMP levels, protein kinase activity and glycerol release over the same concentration range (10−9 M to 10−6 M). Forskolin also increased all three variables in a concentration-dependent manner (10−7 M to 10−4 M). The maximum response for each variable was significantly greater with forskolin than with isoproterenol. A combination of isoproterenol and forskolin resulted in an additional increase in cyclic AMP over forskolin alone, but no significant increase in protein kinase activity or glycerol release. These results support the concepts that the maximum lipolytic response to isoproterenol is limited by the accumulation of cyclic AMP and the maximum lipolytic response to forskolin is limited by some step distal to cyclic AMP production, possibly activation of protein kinase. At high concentrations of forskolin or with a combination of forskolin and isoproterenol, cyclic AMP levels were in excess of those needed to maximally activate protein kinase and lipolysis.
Oral Acyclovir in the Therapy of Acute Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: An Interim Report

Abstract A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to study the effects of oral acyclovir on 55 patients with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Treatment with oral acyclovir resulted in more prompt resolution of signs and symptoms, particularly in patients treated within 72 hours after onset of skin rash ( P P = 0.03). Interim analysis of this longitudinal study suggests that the incidence and severity of secondary ocular inflammatory disease was reduced by acyclovir. Prolonged observation of these patients is ongoing to determine if oral acyclovir reduces post-herpes zoster neuralgia or the late ocular complications of ophthalmic zoster.
Science Signaling Podcast: 23 October 2012

This Podcast features an interview with Stephen Nimer, senior author of a Research Article published in the 23 October 2012 issue of Science Signaling . Nimer discusses his group’s finding that Akt signaling stimulates expression of the Ink4a-Arf locus, which encodes the cell cycle regulator p16 and the tumor suppressor p19. The kinase Akt, which is activated by growth signals and is often activated in cancer cells, phophorylated the transcriptional silencer Bmi1 to cause it to dissociate from the Ink4a-Arf locus. The resulting increase in abundance of p16 and p19 led to decreased cell proliferation, tumor growth, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. Therefore, in addition to mediating growth signaling, Akt can also initiate a feedback loop that counteracts growth signaling.
Patient Statistics: What You Really Need to Know

Every orthodontic practice relies on certain numbers for establishing goals and then analyzing the success of the efforts taken toward the objectives. Analysis of financial data is only part of the statistical information that should be gathered and reviewed routinely. Patient statistics are equally essential in evaluating many areas of practice performance. The patient statistical categories, and desired achievement ratios, detailed in this article provide useful data for managing and marketing the orthodontic practice.
Predicalc: A logical spreadsheet management system

In this article, we describe PrediCalc, a logical spreadsheet that allows for many-to-many constraints and propagation in all directions. We explain PrediCalc’s update mechanism and PrediCalc’s unique approach to handling inconsistencies between the spreadsheet values and the spreadsheet formulas. We have developed a paraconsistent entailment relation for the purpose of computing the consequences of PrediCalc’s value assignments under inconsistency. We close with thoughts on the prospects of logical spreadsheets on the World Wide Web, and describe our initial Websheet prototypes.
Concentrated Antihemophilic Factor (AHF) from Outdated Blood

The antihemophilic factor (AHF) content of bank blood decreases during storage under standard blood bank conditions. In the present study, an average of 58 per cent of the original activity was present after the usual shelf life of 21 days expired. This material was concentrated by a modification of the Pool cryoprecipitation method. Almost 60 per cent of the residual AHF in the outdated plasma was found in the precipitate. The resulting precipitate was resuspended in about 25 ml of the residual plasma. On a volume basis, this had an average of about four times the activity of fresh human plasma. The cold insoluble material resuspended in residual plasma can be used for therapy without further processing. Following intravenous injection into hemophilic patients, high levels of circulating AHF, in excess of 60 per cent of normal, have been achieved without causing circulatory overload.
The No. 18 trisomy syndrome.

Summary Trisomy of chromosome No. 18 results in a characteristic pattern of multiple congenital anomalies of which apparent mental retardation with moderate hypertonicity, lowset malformed ears, small mandible, flexion of the fingers with the index finger overlying the third, and severe failure to thrive constitute the most prominent clinical abnormalities. It usually leads to death in early infancy. The syndrome has been of sporadic occurrence. Its frequency increases with advancing maternal age.
Should development of Alzheimer's disease-specific intravenous immunoglobulin be considered?

Recent phase II and III studies with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) did not find evidence for the slowing of AD progression compared to placebo-treated patients, in contrast to encouraging results in pilot studies. An additional phase III trial is ongoing. If negative results are found, then further AD studies with IVIG are unlikely unless a manufacturer opts for a trial with high-dose IVIG, which would increase its anti-inflammatory effects but also the risk for adverse events. An alternative approach could be an AD-specific IVIG, supplementing IVIG with higher concentrations of selected antibodies purified from it or produced via recombinant polyclonal antibody technology. These antibodies could include those to amyloid-beta (Aβ, tau protein, inflammatory cytokines, complement activation proteins, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products. IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) fragments containing terminal sialic acid could be added to increase anti-inflammatory effects. While this product might be more effective in slowing AD clinical progression than current IVIG, there are difficulties with this approach. Preclinical studies would be required to determine which of the antibodies of interest for supplementing current IVIG (for example, antibodies to phosphorylated or oligomeric tau) are actually present (and, therefore, available for purification) in IVIG, and the effects of the product in mouse models of AD. An Investigational New Drug application for an AD-specific IVIG would require United States Food and Drug Administration approval. If the drug would be found to benefit AD patients, meeting the increased demand for IVIG would be challenging.
Would leibniz lie to you? (three aspects of the affine connection)

Second derivatives, even in ordinary calculus, have a certain unreality since they can’t be invariantly defined. Making them invariant, the dream of Leibniz, is equivalent to assuming an affine connection, which has the drawback that a natural unique one cannot generally be found. Thus, one is led to the conviction that second derivatives by themselves aren’t meaningful, that only the composite object consisting of first and second derivative together has significance. This object and its dual, acceleration with velocity squared, satisfy generalized chain rules which lead to an idea of tensor with invariance group wider than the full linear group of Jacobian matrices. In this broader world, who knows how bright the strange birds will sing?
Effect of seated position on upper-extremity access to augmentative communication for children with cerebral palsy: preliminary investigation.

OBJECTIVE. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of seated position on upper-extremity access to augmentative communication for a child with cerebral palsy. METHOD. A single-subject ABAB design was used with one 5-yr-old participant. We compared accuracy and speed of selection of targets on a speech-generating device in the participant�s typical position and in an intervention position. The intervention position conformed to current clinical conventions and research on promoting upper-extremity movement. The intervention position was achieved through simple modifications to the participant�s typical seating. RESULTS. Accuracy of target selection was moderately improved in the intervention position compared with the typical position. CONCLUSION. Results provide preliminary empirical evidence of the positive effects of functional seating on access to augmentative communication for children with cerebral palsy. Further research is required to confirm the positive effect of the intervention position across other people who use augmentative communication
Finite element analysis of CMUTs with pressurized cavities

We propose using CMUTs with pressurized cavities in environments with extreme pressure variations. By controlling the pressure inside the cavity, the pressure differential across the CMUT plate can be kept low, ensuring a stable operating point and preventing mechanical failure. In such CMUTs, a squeeze film is formed between the plate and the substrate, which provides additional damping as well as stiffening. The damping from the squeeze film helps increase the bandwidth of the CMUT. We present a new method for performing a finite element analysis for such structures using ANSYS. We fabricated a variety of vented CMUTs in the frequency range of ~100-200 kHz, which exhibited a quality factor of 25-30 in air at 1 atm pressure. Our finite element model successfully predicts the center frequency and quality factor for these devices.
Efficient CODEC Designs for Crosstalk Avoidance Codes Based on Numeral Systems

Low-complexity CODECs for two classes of crosstalk avoidance codes (CACs), forbidden pattern codes (FPCs) and forbidden transition codes (FTCs), have been recently proposed based on Fibonacci-based binary numeral system. In this paper, we first generalize this idea and establish a generic framework for the CODEC design of all classes of CACs based on binary mixed-radix numeral systems. Using this framework, we then propose novel CODEC designs for three important classes of CACs, one lambda codes (OLCs), FPCs, and forbidden overlapping codes (FOCs). Our CODEC designs have area complexity and delay that increase quadratically with the size of the bus, while achieving optimal or nearly optimal code rates. Our CODECs also have simple and regular circuitry, and can easily achieve very high throughput by pipelining. Our efficient CODECs, used with such techniques as partial coding, help to make CACs a practical option in combating crosstalk delay, which is a bottleneck in deep submicrometer system-on-chip designs.
First operational tests of the positive-ion injector for ATLAS

The status of and the first operational experience with the he positive-ion injector for ATLAS are summarized. The new injector consists of an ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source on a 350-kV platform followed by a superconducting injector linac of a new kind. In the first phase of this project, the ECR source, voltage platform, bunching system, beam-transport system, and a 3-MV injector linac were completed and tested in early 1989 by the successful acceleration of a /sup 40/Ar/sup 12+/ beam. Most of the new system operated as planned, and the longitudinal emittance of the 36-MeV beam out of the injector was measured to be only 5 pi keV-ns, much smaller than the emittance for the present tandem injector. When completed in 1990, the final injector linac will be enlarged to 12 MV, enough to allow the original ATLAS linac to accelerate uranium ions up to 8 MeV/u. >
The Healing Relationship

The foregoing phenomenological analysis has demonstrated that illness and body mean something significantly and qualitatively different to the patient and to the physician. This difference in perspectives is not simply a matter of different levels of knowledge but, rather, it is a reflection of the fundamental and decisive distinction between the lived experience of illness and the naturalistic account of such experience. It has been further noted that this difference in understanding between physician and patient is an important factor in medical practice ia a factor which has an impact not only on the extent to which doctors and patients can successfully communicate with one another on the basis of a shared understanding of the patient’s illness but, additionally, on the extent to which the physician can address the patient’s suffering in an optimal fashion.