cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new species of Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) associated with Apis koschevnikovi (Apidae: Hymenoptera) in Borneo

Abstract The general morphology and RAPD banding pattern of adult female Varroa rindereri, n. sp. collected from drone brood of Apis koschevnikovi Buttel-Reepen, a cavity-nesting bee in Borneo, is described and illustrated. This is the third known species of Varroa recorded from cavity nesting bees in Asia, the others being V. jacobsoni Oudemans and V. underwoodi Delfinado-Baker & Aggarwal. The new species resembles V. jacobsoni. Morphological and molecular differences between the two species are discussed.
Development of a Design Methodology for Reconfigurable Flight Control Systems

A methodology is presented for the design of flight control systems that exhibit stability and performance-robustness in the presence of actuator failures. The design is based upon two elements. The first element consists of a control law that will ensure at least stability in the presence of a class of actuator failures. This law is created by inner-loop, reduced-order, linear dynamic inversion, and outer-loop compensation based upon Quantitative Feedback Theory. The second element consists of adaptive compensators obtained from simple and approximate time-domain identification of the dynamics of the 'effective vehicle' with failed actuator(s). An example involving the lateral-directional control of a fighter aircraft is employed both to introduce the proposed methodology and to demonstrate its effectiveness and limitations.
Hypertension Crisis in the Emergency Department

Hypertensive crises, which include hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, are frequently encountered in the emergency department, and require immediate attention as they can lead to irreversible end-organ damage. Normal blood pressure (BP) regulation is altered during acute rises in BP, leading to end-organ damage. Multiple organs can be injured. Special considerations should be given to hypertensive pregnant patients and patients with postoperative hypertension. Treatment should be individualized to each patient based on the type and extent of end-organ damage, degree of BP elevation, and the specific side effects that each medication could have on a patient's preexisting comorbidities.
EFFECT OF STIMULUS, BACKGROUND, PERSONALITY, AND SCORING SYSTEM ON THE MANIFESTATION OF HOSTILITY ON THE TAT

It has long been acknowledged that the projective response is multiply determined, including the individual's idiosyncratic methods of dealing with the testing situation and the influence of nonprojective determinants. Despite verbal acceptance of this fact, little research has attempted to focus on more than one of these determinants at a time. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. The early adherents of projective techniques tended to presume that the subject's personality was the key determinant of his response and paid scant attention to the context in which the test was administered or to the stimulus characteristics of the projective instrument. Moreover, the lack of concern with quantitative methodology would, in any event, have assured the inability to measure these components and their interaction. In recent years, the importance of the stimulus (Eron, 1950; Murstein, 1963) and situational factors (Masling, 1960) have been heavily emphasized. At the same time, numerous quantitative measures have been derived (Murstein, 1963) with respect to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and the
Brief Stability analysis of discrete-time systems with actuator saturation by a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function

In this paper, stability of discrete-time linear systems subject to actuator saturation is analyzed using a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function. This saturation-dependent Lyapunov function captures the real-time information on the severity of actuator saturation and leads to less conservative estimate of the domain of attraction, which is based on the solution of an LMI optimization problem. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Lagrangian Investigation of the Precipitation Efficiency of Convective Clouds

AbstractThe precipitation efficiency of cumulus congestus clouds is investigated with a new Lagrangian particle framework for large-eddy simulations. The framework is designed to track particles representative of individual water molecules. A Monte Carlo approach facilitates the transition of particles between the different water classes (e.g., vapor, rain, or graupel). With this framework, it is possible to reconstruct the pathways of water as it moves from vapor at a particular altitude to rain at the surface. By tracking water molecules through both physical and microphysical space, the precipitation efficiency can be studied in detail as a function of height.Large-eddy simulations of individual cumulus congestus clouds show that the clouds convert entrained vapor to surface precipitation with an efficiency of around 10%. About two-thirds of all vapor that enters the cloud does so by entrainment in the free troposphere, but free-tropospheric vapor accounts for only one-third to one-half of the surface ...
Wyner-ZIV coding of multiview images with unsupervised learning of disparity and Gray code

Wyner-Ziv coding of multiview images avoids communications between source cameras. To achieve good compression performance, the decoder must relate the source and side information images. Since correlation between the two images is exploited at the bit level, it is desirable to map small Euclidean distances between coefficients into small Hamming distances between bitwise codewords. This important mapping property is not achieved with the binary code but can be achieved with the Gray code. Comparing the two mappings, it is observed that the Gray code offers a substantial benefit for unsupervised learning of unknown disparity but provides limited advantage if disparity is known. Experimental results with multiview images demonstrate the Gray code achieves PSNR gains of 2 dB over the binary code for unsupervised learning of disparity.
GETTING READY: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF A RELATIONSHIP-FOCUSED INTERVENTION ON THE PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP IN RURAL EARLY HEAD START.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a relational intervention (the Getting Ready intervention) on parenting behaviors supporting the parent-infant relationship for families enrolled in Early Head Start home-based programming. Two-hundred thirty-four parents and their children participated in the randomized study, with 42% of parents reporting education of less than a high-school diploma. Brief, semistructured parent- child interaction tasks were videotaped every 4 months over a16-month intervention period. Observational codes of parent-infant relationship behaviors included quality of three parental behaviors: warmth and sensitivity, support for learning, and encouragement of autonomy; two appropriateness indicators: support for learning and guidance/directives; and one amount indicator: constructive behaviors. Parents who participated in the Getting Ready intervention demonstrated higher quality interactions with their children that included enhanced quality of warmth and sensitivity, and support for their children's autonomy than did parents in the control group. They also were more likely to use appropriate directives with their children and more likely to demonstrate appropriate supports for their young children's learning. Results indicate an added value of the Getting Ready intervention for Early Head Start home-based programming for families of infants and toddlers. Abstracts translated in Spanish, French, German, and Japanese can be found on the abstract page of each article on Wiley Online Library at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imhj.
Cathodoluminescence microscopy characterization of chrome-free refractories for copper smelting and converting furnaces

The results of an experimental program assessing the potential of several chrome-free refractory materials as potential replacements for the mag-chrome brick currently used in copper production furnaces are presented. Several commercial chrome-free bricks were subjected to the standard dip test in a high-copper calcium ferrite slag. The mineralogical changes in the bricks resulting from their interaction with the molten slag are described. The use of optical cathodoluminescence microscopy as an analytical tool is highlighted, along with reflected light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy. Using the three tools together provides a description of the experimental results not achievable using one or two alone. The penetration resistance of the potential replacement refractories is comparable to that of mag-chrome, but the substitution of Fe2+ for Mg2+ in the periclase and spinel crystalline structures of the replacements reduces their corrosion resistance compared with mag-chrome, diminishing the likelihood that they will serve as reliable alternatives.
Rheology of Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymers

We describe complementary measurements using rheology and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the relation between the microstructure and flow of mainchain thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. The rheology is not described by available theories of nematics, probably because the theories do not account for solid phases that coexist with the liquid at melt temperatures, or for creep of director elasticity in the neighborhood of defects.
Neurologic Complications of Parvovirus Infection

Researchers in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York conducted a PubMed database search of English and French literature for neurologic complications of parvovirus (PV) B19 infection or erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), Jan 1966 through July 2008.
Impact of emerging technologies on medication errors and adverse drug events

Published evidence on the effects of computerized physician order entry (CPOE), automated dispensing machines (ADMs), bar coding, and computerized medication administration records (CMARs) on medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs) were reviewed. Emerging technologies have been recommended as potential mechanisms for reducing medication errors. Critical evaluations of the impact of these new technologies on medication errors and other adverse outcomes are lacking. PubMed was searched to identify all peer-reviewed publications linking four technologies (CPOE, ADMs, bar coding, and CMARs) with reductions in medication errors and ADEs and secondary endpoints. All controlled studies that assessed the impact of the technologies were evaluated. The appropriateness of the use of these technologies was also examined. Few studies were identified that evaluated the technologies' impact on these endpoints. Of the evaluated technologies, CPOE was the most studied; however, investigations were limited to selected medical centers. The appropriateness of use of the technologies was evaluated even more infrequently. A literature review revealed a paucity of controlled, generalizable studies confirming the benefits of technologies intended to reduce medication errors and ADEs. Very little evidence on the appropriateness of the use of these technologies was found.
Lime-Loving Molds from Australian Sands

The organisms described in this paper were discovered by Mr. Zebrowski while making an examination of sand obtained from Ward's Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, New York. Since this first discovery, various lots of calcareous sands have been placed at our disposal by Dr. J. D. Corrington and Dr. F. H. Ward, both officials of the Ward Establishment. The authors take this opportunity to thank these men for their generous cooperation. These organisms have been found in sands collected from Australia, China, Africa, Texas, North Carolina and the West Indies. They apparently have a world-wide distribution. The most striking peculiarity concerning these organisms is the fact that they are not indicated merely by their imprints on the surfaces of shells, but they actually penetrate the calcareous substance, producing in many cases an abundant, tangled network of hyphae among which are numerous sporangia, frequently containing spores. This lime-loving trait seems to be common to all forms here listed. Most of these forms were found on fragments of molluscan shells, although they were also encountered on shells of Foraminifera, Ostracoda, and even within the spicules of calcareous sponges. As such habitats might suggest all the forms were microscopic. Sands bearing these organisms were also rich in the remains of Foraminifera, Ostracoda, fish bones and scales, and sponge spicules. Representative genera of Foraminifera included species of Lagena, Globigerina, Spiroloculina, Textularia and Nodosaria. Since these species range from the Cambrian to the present, the organisms here described as associated with them may or may not be existing at the present time. Remarkably well preserved specimens which are quite common in the sands argue for a recent origin. On the other hand, the fact
Reproductive Ecology of Emperor Geese: Annual and Individual Variation in Nesting

I studied the nesting ecology of adult female Emperor Geese (Chen canagicus) from 1982-1986 on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska. I evaluated variation among and within years in date of migration, nest initiation date, clutch size, nesting success, and nesting frequency of 90 individually marked females. Geese arrived on their nesting areas at the same relative date of the season each year and initiated nests five days after their arrival on the study area. Individuals initiated nests at the same relative time of the season each year. There was no significant repeatability for clutch size, nor did mean clutch sizes vary among years. This may be related to geese having ready access to foods during spring migration and a relative short distance (600 km) between migration staging areas and nesting grounds. When data were pooled, clutch sizes declined as the season progressed; however, this decline was not significant within individuals among years. The proportion of adult females that nested annually varied from 38.5-52.0%; the probability of nesting was independent of clutch size or nesting success the previous season. This low nesting frequency may reflect high annual mortality resulting in a high proportion of newly paired birds each year (thus less likely to nest). Emperor Geese remain at food-rich, spring staging areas until nest sites are available, initiate nests early, lay large clutches, and frequently forgo nesting.
A New Species of Eudimeriolum from Georgia

An inconspicuous pyrenomycete collected on living birch leaves in Georgia in June 1978 discharged ascospores that germinated and produced colonies on agar media. The fungus was determined to be an undescribed species of Eudimeriolumt (Dimeriaceae). In addition to being new, it is of special interest because we know of only a single previous published report (Luttrell and Barr, 1978) mentioning the laboratory culture of a dimeriaceous fungus.
Differences in free fatty acid and glucose metabolism of human blood neutrophils and lymphocytes

Comparison of isolated human neutrophils and lymphocytes in short-term tissue culture revealed marked differences in their rates of lipid biosynthesis. Ficoll-Hypaque gradients were used to separate lymphocytes and neutrophils from the blood of normal subjects. Neutrophils incorporated more palmitate into cell lipids (151.0 +/- 16.6 nmole/hr/10(8) cells) than lymphocytes (41.6 +/- 4.1). By contrast, the lymphocytes oxidized more palmitate (8.3 +/- 0.5 nmole/hr/10(8) cells) as compared to neutrophils (1.1 +/- 0.1). The greater fatty acid uptake by the neutrophils was due to a sixfold greater rate of incoporation of palmitate into their triglyceride fraction. Triglyceride synthesis by neutrophils increased as the molar ratio of free fatty acid to albumin was raised, whereas incorporation into phospholipids remained relatively constant; there was preferential labeling of neutrophil triglycerides throughout the physiologic range. Studies using linoleate and oleate gave similar results. The distribution of radioactivity into various phospholipids determined by thin-layer chromatography was similar for the two cell types. When labeled glucose was used as a substrate to measure incorporation primarily into the glycerol backbone of the cell lipids, neutrophils incorporated more radioactivity into total lipids and triglycerides than lymphocytes. These results indicate that neutrophils take up much more fatty acid than lymphocytes primarily because they synthesize much larger quantities of triglycerides, a storage form. Since cellular triglycerides may act as a source of fatty acid for lecithin synthesis during phagocytosis, the greater rate of fatty acid incorporation in the neutrophil may reflect a metabolic pattern that permits efficient phagocytosis.
Investigating factor analysis features for deep neural networks in noisy speech recognition.

The problem of speaker and channel adaptation in deep neural network (DNN) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is of substantial interest in advancing the performance of these systems. Recently, the speaker identity vectors (i-vectors) have shown improvements for ASR systems in matched conditions. In this paper, we propose the application of the general factor analysis framework for noisy speech recognition tasks. Several methods for deriving speaker and channel factors are explored including joint factor analysis (JFA) and i-vectors derived from DNN posteriors instead of the traditional Universal background model (UBM) approach. We also experiment with the late fusion of i-vector features with bottleneck (BN) features obtained from a previously trained convolutional neural network (CNN) system. The ASR experiments are performed on the Aspire challenge test data which contains noisy far-field speech while the acoustic models are trained with conversational telephone speech (CTS) data from the Fisher corpus. In these experiments, we show that the factor analysis based methods provide significant improvements in the word error rate (relative improvements of about 11% compared to the baseline DNN system trained with speaker adapted features).
Experience with Telemedicine Systems in Chronic Illness: What Can We Learn

Telemedicine, as defined by the American Telemedicine Association, is the exchange of medical information using electronic mechanisms aimed to optimize patient health care. Several methods of intervention have been studied ranging from telephone interviewing to newer technologies including smartphones and other remote electronic devices transmitting data over secure Internet-based servers. Models discussed in this chapter include the use of telemedicine between clinicians and patients as well as provider to provider. This chapter aims to report an overview of the use of telemedicine in the management of chronic diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatitis C. Telemedicine does show promise for improvement of patient care and outcomes in chronic disease management, but further research is necessary to evaluate generalizability and cost-effectiveness before incorporation into standard practice.
North-South Variation in the Response of the Pine Engraver (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Lanierone and Ipsdienol in Eastern North America

d J. Entomol. Sci. 38(3): 468-476 (July 2003) Abs t rac t Lindgren multiple-funnel traps were used to evaluate the response of the pine engraver, Ips phi (Say), to the pheromones lanierone and ipsdienol, in Wisconsin and in southern Appalachia (western North Carolina and northern Georgia). As in Wisconsin, the attraction of 1. pini to ipsdienol-baited traps in southern Appalachia was strongly synergised by lanierone. In Wisconsin, 1 . phi demonstrated a strong dose-response to both lanierone and ipsdienol, preferring traps releasing lanierone and ipsdienol at the highest rates. /ps pini in northern Georgia exhibited dose response to ipsdienol, preferring traps with lures releasing ipsdienol at the highest rate, but little in the way of a dose response to lanierone across the range of release rates tested. In Georgia, the sympatric species 1. avulsus preferred traps with lures releasing ipsdienol and lanierone at the highest rates.
USS Monitor: Results from the 1987 season

In 1987, the wreck site of USS Monitor was the scene of a systematic gathering of baseline archaeological data to assess the condition of the wreck. Advanced oceanographic tools, a ROV, and a sonar-based positioning system were used to carry out the project. Four tasks were planned and executed: (1) to define the extent of the archaeological site through analysis of the artifact scatter away from the wreck proper; (2) to make a controlled photographic map of the hull in plan and elevation views; (3) to study the corrosion processes at the site; and (4) to acquire 35-mm stereo photographs of selected specific details of the vessel’s construction for historical engineering analysis. Additionally, the opportunity arose to carry out a fifth task, the acquisition of detailed, close-range, high-resolution imagery of the hull by sector-scanning sonar. With the present study accomplished it became apparent that the site is rapidly being destroyed by human and natural causes. Active steps to preserve the Monitor are recommended up to and including the complete recovery of the wreck and its contents.
The Association Between Body Mass Index and Sleep in a Predominantly Hispanic College Population

An association between inadequate sleep and body mass index (BMI) has been demonstrated in previous studies, but there is a relative paucity of data from Latino/Hispanic populations. In the present...
Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Implant, Instrument, and Approach

The goal of total hip arthroplasty is to restore native biomechanics and function to the diseased joint while preserving the soft tissue envelope and muscular attachments. The direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty has seen a significant increase in popularity for both surgeon and patient alike, based on the reported ability to access the joint with less insult to the soft tissue and musculature structures about the hip. In light of this popularity, the development of approach-specific implants, instruments, and operating table setup has also accelerated. Decreased tissue damage, shortened hospital stays, and faster recovery with return to function have been described following the DAA. However, concerns have been expressed regarding a steep learning curve and a host of unique approach-specific complications have been described. The goal of this article is to present the surgical technique, implants, and instruments that aid in successful completion of the DAA for hip arthroplasty, while addressing the early outcomes and difficulties associated with this surgical exposure.
The Relationship Between Hospital Construction and High-Risk Infant Auditory Function at NICU Discharge: A Retrospective Descriptive Cohort Study:

Purpose:To describe the difference in auditory function at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge between high-risk infant cases exposed to hospital construction during NICU stay and those n...
Distribution and Inferred Evolutionary Characteristics of a Chimeric ssDNA Virus Associated with Intertidal Marine Isopods

Aquatic invertebrates are common reservoirs of a rapidly expanding group of circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses. This study identified and explored the phylogenetic relationship between novel CRESS-DNA viral genotypes associated with Pacific intertidal isopods Idotea wosnesenskii, Idotea resecata, and Gnorimosphaeroma oregonensis. One genotype associated with I. wosnesenskii, IWaV278, shared sequence similarity and genomic features with Tombusviridae (ssRNA) and Circoviridae (ssDNA) genomes and was putatively assigned to the Cruciviridae clade comprising chimeric viruses. The complete genome of IWaV278 (3478 nt) was computationally completed, validated via Sanger sequencing, and exhibited sequence conservation and codon usage patterns analogous to other members of the Cruciviridae. Viral surveillance (qPCR) indicated that this virus was temporally transient (present in 2015, but not 2017), specific to I. wosnesenskii at a single collection site (Washington, DC, USA), more prevalent among male specimens, and frequently detected within exoskeletal structures. 18S rRNA sequences identified two alveolate protists associated with IWaV278-positive tissues and mechanical epibiont removal of ciliated exoskeletal structures eliminated viral detection, suggesting that the putative host of IWaV278 may be an epibiont of I. wosnesenskii. This investigation provides additional phylogenetic evidence to resolve Cruciviridae evolution and offers insight into the biogeography, specificity, and potential host of a crucivirus genotype.
Power and Humiliation

While global attention has focused recently on the episodes of mass violence involving the clash of militant forces, another kind of violence has been pervasive throughout the United States. This sort of violence lacks the impact of physical brutal force but can be devastating to large segments of the population. Such violence arises from the power of social-political institutions to contort the thoughts of marginalized people, diminish their self-esteem, and instill in them a sense of inferiority, all for disciplinary control. The force of such power is woven into the normal operations and routine practices of many institutions today. Four kinds of instruments of systemic humiliation are presented: (1) state directives that cause hardships to marginalized people, (2) social categories of rank-ordering that promote notions of inferiority, (3) narratives of erasure that remove or diminish the existence of certain people from notions of national identity, and (4) stigmatizing cultural symbols that are created to convey messages of denigration.
Tissue-Specific Expression of the Low-Affinity IgG Receptor, FcγRIIb, on Human Mast Cells

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are induced by the interaction of allergens with specific IgE antibodies bound via FceRI to mast cells and basophils. While these specific IgE antibodies are needed to trigger such reactions, not all individuals harboring IgE exhibit symptoms of allergy. The lack of responsiveness seen in some subjects correlates with the presence of IgG antibodies of the same specificity. In cell culture studies and in vivo animal models of food allergy and anaphylaxis such IgG antibodies have been shown to exert suppression via FcγRIIb. However, the reported absence of this inhibitory receptor on primary mast cells derived from human skin has raised questions about the role of IgG-mediated inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity in human subjects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mast cell FcγRIIb expression might be tissue specific. Utilizing a combination of flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence staining of mast cells derived from the tissues of humanized mice, human skin, or in fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human tissues, we confirm that FcγRIIb is absent from dermal mast cells but is expressed by mast cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. IgE-induced systemic anaphylaxis in humanized mice is strongly inhibited by antigen-specific IgG. These findings support the concept that IgG, signaling via FcγRIIb, plays a physiological role in suppressing hypersensitivity reactions.
Scholarship, space, and strategies of belonging in al-Maqqarī’s (d. 1031/1632) literary and historical writings

ABSTRACTThis article explores two key literary and historical texts, Rawḍat al-ās (The Garden of Myrtle) and Nafḥ al-ṭīb (The Breeze of Perfume), by the tenth-/sixteenth- and eleventh-/seventeenth-...
Creating enriched environments through a modular wall system

The efficacy of environmental enrichment has been noted in promoting neural plasticity and positive functional outcomes of animals with injured and intact brains. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to facilitate the design, development, and assessment of enriched environments for human users with brain disorders or injuries. The modular wall system allows seamless integration of the living environment with a variety of products, services, and applications, and facilitates natural and intuitive interaction between the user and his/her environment. A prototype kiosk utilizing the modular wall concept and example applications are discussed.
The growing U.S. bioeconomy: Drivers, development and constraints

Bioeconomy refers to economic activities using renewable biological resources to produce energy and domestic consumables. The U.S. bioeconomy emerged in the early 2000s as a result of the societal pursuit of energy independence and security, greenhouse gas emission mitigation and sustainable development. Founded on biotechnologies and stimulated by federal policies, the U.S. bioeconomy has been growing rapidly over the past decade. Intensive research and development endeavors have been carried out to explore advanced technologies for efficient biomass production, conversion, and valorization, through which numerous biotechnological innovations have been achieved to realize the commercial, cost-effective production of diverse transportation biofuels and high-value domestic bioproducts from various biomass feedstocks. The bioenergy products currently commercialized in the U.S. include bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, bioheat and biopower; the commercialized bioproducts extend to biopolymers, biochemicals, biopharmaceuticals and bioadhesives. In 2017, more than 65.4 billion liters of biofuels and 2500 certified bioproducts were produced, creating 4 million job opportunities and sharing 2.5% of the U.S. economy. Commercial production of cellulosic ethanol, renewable diesel, green jet fuel and other advanced biofuels remains at the demonstration stage and needs further improvement in cost-competitiveness. Envisioning a Billion-Ton-Bioeconomy by 2030, the U.S. federal government has been implementing strategic activities to realize the goal. High costs of delivered biomass feedstock, immature biomass refinery technologies, lack of cost-comparative bioproducts, and low fossil fuel prices have been identified as the major constraints to a strong U.S. bioeconomy. To improve the bioeconomic viability, further biotechnological advances and integrated biorefinery processes are warranted.
Data Science Support at the Academic Library

Data science is a rapidly growing field with applications across all scientific domains. The demand for support in data science literacy is outpacing available resources at college campuses. The ac...
Comprehensive Plan for Optimal Perioperative Pain Management

Acute pain management in the perioperative setting involves utilizing a multimodal regimen inclusive but not limited to regional anesthesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, intravenous anesthetics, as well as other drugs targeting receptors involved in pain modulation. Presented are the options available in perioperative pain management.
Experimental High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Using a Single-Needle Delivery Approach for Nonthermal Pancreatic Ablation In Vivo.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the feasibility of single-needle high-frequency irreversible electroporation (SN-HFIRE) to create reproducible tissue ablations in an in vivo pancreatic swine model. Materials and Methods SN-HFIRE was performed in swine pancreas in vivo in the absence of intraoperative paralytics or cardiac synchronization using 3 different voltage waveforms (1-5-1, 2-5-2, and 5-5-5 [on-off-on times (μs)], n = 6/setting) with a total energized time of 100 μs per burst. At necropsy, ablation size/shape was determined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify apoptosis using an anticleaved caspase-3 antibody. A numerical model was developed to determine lethal thresholds for each waveform in pancreas. Results Mean tissue ablation time was 5.0 ± 0.2 minutes, and no cardiac abnormalities or muscle twitch was detected. Mean ablation area significantly increased with increasing pulse width (41.0 ± 5.1 mm2 [range 32–66 mm2] vs 44 ± 2.1 mm2 [range 38–56 mm2] vs 85.0 ± 7.0 mm2 [range 63–155 mm2]; 1-5-1, 2-5-2, 5-5-5, respectively; p Conclusions SN-HFIRE induces rapid, predictable ablations in pancreatic tissue in vivo without the need for intraoperative paralytics or cardiac synchronization.
Exploring Co-Created Service Value and Interactions of Social Commerce in China: A Service-Dominant Logic Perspective

AbstractThis study integrates the Service-Dominant Logic (S-D Logic) perspective and both streams of service marketing and information systems (IS) usage literature, and proposes a research model o...
Future prospects of di-jet production constraining Delta g(x) at low x at STAR at RHIC

One of the main objectives of the high-energy spin physics program at RHIC at BNL is the precise determination of the polarized gluon distribution function, ∆g(x). Polarized ~p+~p collisions at √ s = 200GeV and at √ s = 500GeV at RHIC provide an unique way to probe the proton spin structure. Inclusive measurements, such as inclusive jet and hadron production, have so far been the prime focus of various results at √ s = 200GeV constraining ∆g(x) for 0.05 < x < 0.2. A recent global analysis provides for the first time evidence of a non-zero value of the gluon polarization ∫ 1 0.05 ∆g(x)dx(Q2 = 10GeV 2) = 0.20+0.06 −0.07. First results of di-jet production at √ s= 200GeV by the STAR collaboration will allow a better constraint of the underlying event kinematics. Extending the current program to smaller values of x is a key goal for the future high-energy spin physics program at RHIC. Forward di-jet production measurements at STAR beyond the current acceptance from−1<η <+2 to +2.5<η <+4, in particular those carried out at√s= 500GeV, provides access to low x values at the level of 10−3 where current uncertainties of ∆g(x) remain very large. Those measurements will eventually be complemented by a future Electron-Ion Collider facility probing ∆g(x) in polarized~e+~p collisions.
Point particle motion in topologically nontrivial spacetimes

It is well known that compactifying a space can break symmetries that are present in the covering space. In this paper we study the effects of such topological symmetry breaking on point particle motion when the particle is coupled to a massless field on the space. For a torus topology where Lorentz invariance is broken but translation invariance is maintained, particles can move at a constant velocity through the space; however, nonlocal, velocity-dependent forces arise whenever the particle is accelerated. For a topology where translation invariance is broken, such as the Klein bottle, interactions with the massless field generate an effective potential as a function of position. The potential creates special stable points in the space, and prevents constant velocity motion. The latter would appear to be the generic case. This class of effects may be applicable whenever a localized object moves through a compactified bulk, such as in brane-world cosmology, or some condensed matter systems.
The multifunctional globin dehaloperoxidase strikes again: Simultaneous peroxidase and peroxygenase mechanisms in the oxidation of EPA pollutants

Abstract The multifunctional catalytic hemoglobin dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata was found to catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of EPA Priority Pollutants (4-Me-o-cresol, 4-Cl-m-cresol and pentachlorophenol) and EPA Toxic Substances Control Act compounds (o-, m-, p-cresol and 4-Cl-o-cresol). Biochemical assays (HPLC/LC-MS) indicated formation of multiple oxidation products, including the corresponding catechol, 2-methylbenzoquinone (2-MeBq), and oligomers with varying degrees of oxidation and/or dehalogenation. Using 4-Br-o-cresol as a representative substrate, labeling studies with 18O confirmed that the O-atom incorporated into the catechol was derived exclusively from H2O2, whereas the O-atom incorporated into 2-MeBq was from H2O, consistent with this single substrate being oxidized by both peroxygenase and peroxidase mechanisms, respectively. Stopped-flow UV–visible spectroscopic studies strongly implicate a role for Compound I in the peroxygenase mechanism leading to catechol formation, and for Compounds I and ES in the peroxidase mechanism that yields the 2-MeBq product. The X-ray crystal structures of DHP bound with 4-F-o-cresol (1.42 A; PDB 6ONG), 4-Cl-o-cresol (1.50 A; PDB 6ONK), 4-Br-o-cresol (1.70 A; PDB 6ONX), 4-NO2-o-cresol (1.80 A; PDB 6ONZ), o-cresol (1.60 A; PDB 6OO1), p-cresol (2.10 A; PDB 6OO6), 4-Me-o-cresol (1.35 A; PDB 6ONR) and pentachlorophenol (1.80 A; PDB 6OO8) revealed substrate binding sites in the distal pocket in close proximity to the heme cofactor, consistent with both oxidation mechanisms. The findings establish cresols as a new class of substrate for DHP, demonstrate that multiple oxidation mechanisms may exist for a given substrate, and provide further evidence that different substituents can serve as functional switches between the different activities performed by dehaloperoxidase. More broadly, the results demonstrate the complexities of marine pollution where both microbial and non-microbial systems may play significant roles in the biotransformations of EPA-classified pollutants, and further reinforces that heterocyclic compounds of anthropogenic origin should be considered as environmental stressors of infaunal organisms.
Executive Dysfunction in Depressive Disorders

This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the association between depression and executive functions (EFs). It defines various depressive disorders and describes their proposed neural substrates. Executive dysfunction in depressive disorders is discussed and how it changes across different stages of development including childhood/adolescence, adulthood, and senescence. For children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), there are inconsistent findings reported on deficits in EFs. Research demonstrates that EF impairments in depressive disorders are more common in adulthood, specifically for verbal fluency and inhibition, with no deficits observed in shifting. Moreover, depression-related executive dysfunction is more pronounced during advanced age. The importance of distinguishing between early- and late-onset depression in aging is emphasized, considering that both have distinct cognitive/neurological profiles and different treatment trajectories. In abnormal aging, major cognitive deficits in patients with late-life depression (LLD) have been shown to relate particularly to fronto-subcortical circuit dysfunction. Finally, the overlapping neural circuitries of depression and EFs are discussed, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Depressed individuals tend to have hypoactivation of the DLPFC, reduced gray matter and demyelination, as well as blunted activation in the ACC, contributing to a decline in EFs and an increased severity of depressive symptoms.
Common Source Bias, Key Informants, and Survey-Administrative Linked Data for Nonprofit Management Research

In this study, we examine the increasingly popular strategy of supplementing survey data with administrative/archival data as a strategy to overcome common source bias. As the strategy does not pre...
Sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer risk in the California Teachers Study

Background The association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear and published data are limited. Methods The analytic cohort included 99,798 women, free of cancer at baseline, from the California Teachers Study, a longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. SSB consumption constituted caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to <1 serving/week, ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day, and ≥1 serving/day. CRC endpoints were based on annual linkage with California Cancer Registry, defined as first diagnosis of CRC, and classified following the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program coding system. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for assessing the association between SSB consumption and incident CRC. Results A total of 1,318 incident CRC cases were identified over 20 years of follow-up (54.5% proximal colon and 45.5% distal colorectum). Compared with rare/never consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.14 (0.86, 1.53) for total CRC; 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) for proximal colon; and 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) for distal colorectum cancers among women consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of SSBs. Conclusion SSBs were not significantly associated with CRC risk. The biological effects of high SSB consumption make it important to continue to evaluate whether SSBs are associated with CRC. Additionally, future studies should further assess SSBs in large, racial/ethnically diverse cohorts of males and females, and, if feasible, address changes in SSB consumption over time.
Asymmetric Histone Inheritance in Asymmetrically Dividing Stem Cells.

Epigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in determining distinct cell fates during the development of multicellular organisms. Histone proteins represent crucial epigenetic components that help specify cell identities. Previous work has demonstrated that during the asymmetric cell division of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited, such that pre-existing (old) histones are segregated towards the self-renewing GSC whereas newly synthesized (new) histones are enriched towards the differentiating daughter cell. In order to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking phenomenon, two key questions must be answered: when and how old and new histones are differentially incorporated by sister chromatids, and how epigenetically distinct sister chromatids are specifically recognized and segregated. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and cellular bases underlying these fundamental and important biological processes responsible for generating two distinct cells through one cell division.
The Future of Work(places): Creating a Sense of Place for On-demand Work

While the shift to on-demand labor may foster greater control over one's employment in some ways, it has removed much of the benefits that come with consistently working in shared physical spaces. Working in physical spaces allow opportunities for social support, long-term growth, and stability. The goal of this workshop is to facilitate a discussion around how physical spaces and online technologies influence each other in on-demand work. We plan to invite a diverse group of stakeholders, including researchers studying these topics, grassroots organizers who can represent and voice the concerns of their respective worker communities, and designers of on-demand work platforms. Discussion and ideas generated from this workshop will be archived online and made available to the larger research community and the general public.
Amino acids effects on heterocyclic amines formation and physicochemical properties in pan-fried beef patties.

The effects of surface application of amino acids on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and meat quality properties were evaluated in pan-fried beef patties (230 °C/15 min). Tryptophan, lysine, leucine, and proline at three concentrations, 0.05%, 0.20%, and 0.50% (w/w), were tested. The meat crusts were analyzed for HCA content using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that surface application of all tested amino acids significantly reduced total HCA content (P < 0.05), and the interaction of amino acid type and concentration significantly affected (P < 0.05) both individual and total HCA formation. Tryptophan at 0.50% reduced total HCAs the most (0.92 ng/g, 93% inhibition), followed by 0.50% lysine (1.94 ng/g, 84% inhibition), while leucine (3.95 ng/g, 64% inhibition) and proline (4.71 ng/g, 56% inhibition) were less effective at 0.50%. In addition, applying amino acids to meat surface significantly influenced (P < 0.05) pH and surface color change of beef crusts; particularly, lysine at 0.20% and 0.50% increased pH and a* (redness) but reduced b* (yellowness), while tryptophan and leucine at 0.50% increased L* (whiteness). No significant effect was observed on cooking loss. Adding amino acids at 0.50% affected (P < 0.05) formation of aldehydes and pyrazines (as the key flavor compounds of fried beef). Overall, the results of this study suggested that adding amino acids to ground beef patties could effectively mitigate mutagenic HCA formation during cooking.
Predictors of Intraocular Pressure Lowering after Phacoemulsification and iStent Implantation.

Purpose To explore the demographic and clinical variables associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering after cataract extraction (CE) alone or CE in combination with the iStent (Glaukos Corporation) placement (CE+IS). Design Retrospective data extraction and survival analysis of consecutive patients identified over a 2-year period. Participants Patients with mild to moderate glaucoma who underwent CE (48 eyes of 32 patients) or CE+IS (61 eyes of 37 patients) were analyzed. Methods Inability to reduce the number of medications or the IOP by at least 20% compared with baseline on 2 consecutive visits was considered surgical failure. Using Cox proportional hazards models, survival analysis was performed, and demographic and clinical variables were evaluated as risk factors. Main Outcome Measures Time to failure after surgical procedure. Results CE+IS had lower odds of failure than CE alone (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; P = 0.047). In White patients, CE+IS showed greater odds of success compared with CE alone (HR, 2.86; P = 0.007). For non-White patients, no difference was found in the outcomes for the 2 procedures (HR, 0.59; P = 0.48). In the multivariate analysis, non-White race (HR, 8.75; P = 0.0002) and longer axial length (HR, 1.61; P = 0.03) were associated with greater hazard of failure after CE+IS. In the CE group, greater odds of failure were associated with steeper corneal curvature (HR, 1.74; P = 0.008), shallower anterior chamber (HR, 0.22; P = 0.008), and longer axial length (HR, 1.58; P = 0.01). Conclusions Addition of the iStent to CE improved the duration of IOP lowering in White patients, but not in non-White patients. Associations between IOP lowering after CE and biometric parameters may allow for leveraging these clinical parameters for better case selection for these procedures.