cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-reported Eye Care Use Among US Adults Aged 50 to 80 Years.

Importance Contemporary data on use of eye care by US adults are critical, as the prevalence of age-related eye disease and vision impairment are projected to increase in the coming decades. Objectives To provide nationally representative estimates on self-reported use of eye care by adults aged 50 to 80 years, and to describe the reasons that adults do and do not seek eye care. Design, Setting, and Participants The National Poll on Healthy Aging, a cross-sectional, nationally representative online survey was conducted from March 9 to 24, 2018, among 2013 individuals aged 50 to 80 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of US adults who received an eye examination within the past 2 years as well as the sociodemographic and economic factors associated with receipt of eye care. Results Among 2013 adults aged 50 to 80 years (survey-weighted proportion of women, 52.5%; white non-Hispanic, 71.1%; mean [SD] age, 62.1 [9.0] years), the proportion reporting that they underwent an eye examination in the past year was 58.5% (95% CI, 56.1%-60.8%) and in the past 2 years was 82.4% (95% CI, 80.4%-84.2%). Among those with diabetes, 72.2% (95% CI, 67.2%-76.8%) reported undergoing an eye examination in the past year and 91.3% (95% CI, 87.7%-93.9%) in the past 2 years. The odds of having undergone an eye examination within the past 2 years were higher among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.50-2.67), respondents with household incomes of $30 000 or more (AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08-2.29), and those with a diagnosed age-related eye disease (AOR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.37-5.69) or diabetes (AOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.50-3.54). The odds were lower for respondents who were unmarried (AOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96), from the Midwest (AOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.87) or West (AOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.94), or reported fair or poor vision (AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28-0.65). Reasons reported for not undergoing a recent eye examination included having no perceived problems with their eyes or vision (41.5%), cost (24.9%), or lack of insurance coverage (23.4%). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the rate of eye examinations was generally high among US adults aged 50 to 80 years, yet there were several significant demographic and socioeconomic differences in the use of eye care. These findings may be relevant to health policy efforts to address disparities in eye care and to promote care for those most at risk for vision problems.
Role of social and solidarity economy in localizing the sustainable development goals

Over the last several years, social and solidarity economy (SSE) has received increasing attention from policymakers, researchers and practitioners worldwide for its potential in addressing today’s...
A critical glocalization approach: attending to power in the innovation space

The purpose of this paper is to provide community practitioners with the theoretical background to recognize and work in the interplay of global and local forces. This paper reviews globalization a...
Indicator-based data assimilation with multiple-point statistics for updating an ensemble of models with non-Gaussian parameter distributions

Abstract Ground-water flow and the transport of contaminants in groundwater systems are strongly controlled by geologic heterogeneities. Because, the data available to model these subsurface heterogeneities are generally sparse, the observed groundwater flow, piezometric head at well locations, or the concentration profile of solutes provide valuable additional information about these complex subsurface systems. Regardless, there is likely to be considerable uncertainty associated with the predictions of the subsurface heterogeneities. This has motivated the development of several ensemble-based schemes for assimilating flow response data into predictions of subsurface heterogeneities. Most ensemble-based data assimilation methods including ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) or indicator-based data assimilation (InDA), used for assimilation of dynamic data into geologic models, utilize statistics in the form of covariances calculated using the ensemble of models to perform model updates. These covariance based updates do not preserve the complex spatial characteristics of geologic structures that are better represented using multiple-point statistics. Additionally, in EnKF, the mismatch between the observed and the simulated values are assumed to be linearly related to the parameter updates, and the distribution of the state variable is assumed to be multi-Gaussian. The spatial distribution of the primary variables like facies can be non-Gaussian because of the spatial continuity exhibited by channel facies (sands) and non-channel facies (clay), that have distinctly different properties. Also, the relationship between the mismatch and the parameter updates can be strongly non-linear. In indicator-based data assimilation (InDA) method the indicator transforms of parameter and mismatch variables are used, which affords the treatment of these variables as bi-variate non-Gaussian. Furthermore, in the indicator transformed space, restrictive linear assumption can also be lifted as the indicator transform is invariant under non-linear transformations. However, the updates are still governed by the bivariate interactions between the state variables. A multiple-point extension of InDA is proposed in this paper which utilizes existing multiple-point simulation algorithms like single normal equation simulation (SNESIM) in combination with InDA, to preserve the spatial characteristics of the geologic model while at the same time honor the observed flow or transport response. The proposed method is applied to a synthetic groundwater system with complex channel distributions. The channel features of the final updated ensemble of models is shown to converge towards the reference model and the ensemble flow responses are also shown to match the reference flow response.
Nano and traditional copper and zinc antifouling coatings: metal release and impact on marine sessile invertebrate communities

Artificial surfaces in coastal waters and offshore oceans, including boat hulls, docks, and offshore structures, are invariably colonized, or fouled, by a host of sessile species known collectively as fouling communities. Fouling has great economic impacts on shipping and other marine industries and plays an important role in the spread of marine invasive species across the globe. The main strategy to prevent fouling of artificial surfaces is application of antifouling coatings containing varying concentrations and mixtures of biocides. Presently, copper and zinc are popular antifouling biocides, and the latter is gaining in usage due to the known toxic characteristics of copper in the marine environment and consequent regulation and consumer opinion. Nanomaterials, including Cu and ZnO nanoparticles, have been explored as a way to efficiently deliver biocides from coating matrices. Here, we examine the efficacy and biocide release characteristics of several copper- and zinc-based antifouling coatings, including formulations containing traditional micron-sized Cu and ZnO particles and two containing copper and ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. Most of the antifouling coatings tested significantly reduced the abundance and biodiversity of the fouling community in the three study locations across California. Invasive species were suppressed by most coatings at similar levels to natives, suggesting that in general, antifouling coatings do not favor invasive species. We found that zinc-based antifouling coatings were similar and in some cases better performing than copper, despite the generally lower toxicity of zinc to aquatic organisms compared with copper. The performance of zinc-based coatings, moreover, was not directly related to the amount of zinc released into the water or their zinc content. Nano-based coatings did not offer any clear advantages over non-nano coatings, either in the degree of Zn leaching or fouling suppression. Coating matrix properties clearly are an important factor affecting the efficacy and biocide leaching rate of antifouling coatings.
AI and Security: Lessons, Challenges and Future Directions

In this talk, I will talk about challenges and exciting new opportunities at the intersection of AI and Security, how AI and deep learning can enable better security, and how Security can enable better AI. In particular, I will talk about secure deep learning and challenges and approaches to ensure the integrity of decisions made by deep learning. I will also give an overview on challenges and new techniques to enable privacy-preserving machine learning. Finally, I will conclude with future directions at the intersection of AI and Security. Bio:Dawn Song is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley. Her research interest lies in AI and deep learning, security and privacy. She is the recipient of various awards including the MacArthur Fellowship, the Guggenheim Fellowship, the NSF CAREER Award, the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, the MIT Technology Review TR-35 Award, a number of Test-of-Times Awards and Best Paper Awards from top conferences in Computer Security and Deep Learning. She is an ACM Fellow and an IEEE Fellow. She is also a serial entrepreneur and has been named on the Female Founder 100 List by Inc.
Feasibility and impact of a 1-minute daily functional exercise regimen prescribed to older adults by their primary care physician.

Abstract Despite the inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and physical function, few older adults achieve PA recommendations. In response to observations that “lack of time” underlies reduced PA among older adults, recent work suggests even short bouts of PA can improve health and fitness. In addition, because they are frequently visited by older adults, an important conduit for PA promotion could be the primary care physician (PCP). However, most PCPs receive little training related to PA, rendering it difficult for them to offer meaningful counseling. Therefore, we explored the feasibility and impact of a PCP-prescribed one-minute daily functional exercise program, consisting of 30 s each of bodyweight push-ups and squats, among 24 patients 60 years of age or older. 42% of patients who were contacted started the exercise prescription and, over 24-weeks, completed approximately 114 sessions, while 75% completed at least half of the possible daily exercise sessions. As a group, the patients demonstrated increases in both maximal push-up and squat performance, though these increases plateaued following week-12. These preliminary results suggest that a PCP prescription of one-minute of daily functional exercise among older adult patients was feasible, acceptable, and effective for improving functional physical fitness. Given these findings, formal controlled research with recruitment from multiple clinics, random assignment to treatment conditions, and blinded assessments of objective functional physical performance should be pursued.
Police empowerment and police militarisation in times of protracted conflict: Examining public perceptions in southern Somalia

Residents of Kismayo, Somalia choose to empower local police with greater discretionary authority. Why is this so? Can police militarisation encourage such public views? Relying on a new dataset on...
Valuable or Stagnating? An Essay on Axiomatic Theories in IS Research

An axiomatic theory is theory whose premise is so self-evident that it can be accepted as true without controversy or much empirical confirmation. In this paper, I entertain the contention that theorizing in information systems (IS) research is mostly axiomatic. If so, among the many ramifications are questions regarding the value relevance of such research. After all, if the field engages in creating and testing theories that are in plain-view, self-evident, and can be deduced using common sense, what is the knowledge contribution of such endeavors? Is there value in producing such theories or is the effort invested in testing such theories a waste of precious resources? Most importantly, has our preoccupation with axiomatic theories led to theoretical stagnation in the field? In this essay, I investigate the nature of axiomatic theories and make the case that much significant research in IS is not axiomatic. I also address the contention that axiomatic research is not valuable and make the case that theoretical stagnation in IS did not occur as a consequence of axiomatic theories in general. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on takeaways for future theory development in IS research.
Neural Network-Based Adaptive Optimal Controller - A Continuous-Time Formulation

We present a new online adaptive control scheme, for partially unknown nonlinear systems, which converges to the optimal state-feedback control solution for affine in the input nonlinear systems. The main features of the algorithm map on the characteristics of the rewards-based decision making process in the mammal brain.
Europe after Enlargement: Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Rules in the European Union

This paper discusses the theory and practice of counter-cyclical fiscal policy to draw conclusions relevant for the fiscal architecture of the European Union. It starts by reviewing major lines of criticism on counter-cyclical fiscal policy, such as the existence of various lags, versions of Ricardian equivalence, non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policies and public choice considerations leading to asymmetry in the use of fiscalinstruments. The paper then focuses on factors hampering implementation of a counter-cyclical fiscal policy. First, estimates of counterfactual variables - current and future - that are needed for running the policy are subject to significant margins of uncertainty. Second, relationships between national income on the one side and public revenues and spending on the other side tend to be unstable. Third, precise and timely measures of fiscal positions are largely non-existent. Finally, political requirements for an effective counter-cyclical policy are not met. The pre-Maastricht experience of EU countries, with a massive buildup of public debt despite fiscal-friendly environment, suggests a need for fiscal rules to avoid Argentina-like debt crises. Diverging initial positions of countries call for flexible approach as to the time needed to conform but not for relaxation of the rules, as it recently happened to the Stability and Growth Pact.
Control design for momentum-compensated fast steering mirror for WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument

This paper presents results of the feedback control design for JPL's Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) for the WFIRST- AFTA coronagraph instrument. The objective of this controller is to cancel jitter disturbances in the beam from the spacecraft to a pointing stability of 0.4 masec over the duration of the observation using a momentum- compensated FSM. The plant model for the FSM was characterized experimentally, and the sensor model is based on simulated modeling. The control approach is divided between feedback compensation of low frequency attitude control system (ACS) drift, and feedforward cancellation of high frequency tonal disturbances originating from reaction wheel excitation of the telescope structure. This paper will present various aspects of the controller design, plant characterization, sensor modeling, disturbance estimation, performance simulation, and preliminary experimental testing results.
Ovarian Tumorigenesis : A Proposed Model Based on Morphological and Molecular Genetic Analysis

The pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal gynecological malignancy, is unknown because of the lack of a tumor progression model. Based on a review of recent clinicopathological and molecular studies, we propose a model for their development. In this model, surface epithelial tumors are divided into two broad categories designated type I and type II tumors that correspond to two main pathways of tumorigenesis. Type I tumors tend to be low-grade neoplasms that arise in a stepwise manner from borderline tumors whereas type II tumors are high-grade neoplasms for which morphologically recognizable precursor lesions have not been identified, so-called de novo development. As serous tumors are the most common surface epithelial tumors, low-grade serous carcinoma is the prototypic type I tumor and high-grade serous carcinoma is the prototypic type II tumor. In addition to low-grade serous carcinomas, type I tumors are composed of mucinous carcinomas, endometrioid carcinomas, malignant Brenner tumors, and clear cell carcinomas. Type I tumors are associated with distinct molecular changes that are rarely found in type II tumors, such as BRAF and KRAS mutations for serous tumors, KRAS mutations for mucinous tumors, and β-catenin and PTEN mutations and microsatellite instability for endometrioid tumors. Type II tumors include high-grade serous carcinoma, malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcoma), and undifferentiated carcinoma. There are very limited data on the molecular alterations associated with type II tumors except frequent p53 mutations in high-grade serous carcinomas andmalignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcomas). This model of carcinogenesis reconciles the relationship of borderline tumors to invasive carcinoma and provides a morphological and molecular framework for studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Extrafloral Nectaries and Plant Guarding in I. pandurata (L.)

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey. is a weed of dry shallow soil of roadsides and vacant lots and, infrequently, of cultivated fields. Populations of I. pandurata throughout North and South Carolina were studied during the successive growing seasons of 1978 and 1979. The objectives were to (a) describe the extrafloral nectary system of I. pandurata; (b) characterize the relationship between I. pandurata and the hymenopteran visitors to the extrafloral nectaries; and (c) analyze the interactions between the hymenopteran nectar feeders and phytophagous insect visitors to the I. pandurata plants. Five extrafloral nectaries develop in the uppermost portion of each pedicel. Externally each nectary is marked by a vertical slit-like pore, 0.5-1.5 mm in length. Nectary positions are located easily because the epidermal cells immediately surrounding the pore are dark-pigmented by virtue of their abundant chromoplastic inclusions. A duct lined with two-three tiers of cuboidal cells leads internally to the crypt-like nectary (Keeler 1979) lined with secretory cells. Nectar production begins as the individual floral buds separate from the compact inflorescence cluster. Initially detected as a film over the pores, nectar production per pedicel increases rapidly to a daily rate of 0.8 ,ul from three days prior to anthesis and sustained through anthesis. If fertilization occurs, nectar production continues through fruit maturation-a total period of about six weeks. The nectar contained several organic constituents. Glucose (0.45 M), fructose (0.22 M), and sucrose (0.14 M) were the sugar components. Mean total amino acid concentration, as determined by the histidine scale (Baker and Baker 1973), was 1.3, consisting of aspartic acid, lysine, threonine, and valine. The single phenolic constituent was caffeic acid. Negative reactions with both the Dragendorff and iodoplatinate reagents indicated the absence of alkaloids, and-as determined by the bromphenol blue reaction (Baker and Baker 1973)-proteins do not occur in the nectar. Numerous hymenopteran species were attracted as feeders of the extra-floral nectar (see box). Each population of I. pan-
Effects of neonatal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on locomotor activity.

Neonatal rats treated on day 3 of life with 50 or 100 μg 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine exhibited long-lasting selective depletions of serotonin (5-HT). The 5-HT depletions produced a shift in the peak in locomotor activity from its normal occurrence at 15 days of age to later days of age. The observation that the decreases in activity after the peak were delayed, rather than eliminated, suggests that the inhibition of locomotor activity produced by 5-HT may be of transient importance in the developing rat. The transience of the inhibition may be the result of the continuing development of nonserotonergic systems during this time period that are involved in the regulation of activity.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 84, 2000 August

— Meteoritical Bulletin No. 84 lists information for 1341 newly classified meteorites, comprising 842 from Antarctica, 341 from Africa, 66 from Australia, 48 from Asia (including 42 from the Arabian peninsula), 38 from North America, 4 from Europe, and 2 from South America. Information is provided for 11 recent falls (Bilanga, Devri-Khera, Djoumine, Guangmingshan, Kitchener, Kobe, Leighlinbridge, Sabrum, Songyuan, Tagish Lake, and Vissannapeta); 4 martian meteorites (Dar al Gani 670/735, Dhofar 019, Los Angeles, and Sayh al Uhaymir 005/008); 3 lunar meteorites (Northwest Africa 032, Dhofar 025 and 026); an ungrouped enstatite-rich meteorite (Zaklodzie); 11 iron meteorites; and a wide variety of other interesting stony meteorites, including CK, CM, CO, CR, CV, R, enstatite, and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, primitive achondrites, HED achondrites, ureilites, and aubrites.
GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - ASSOCIATION WITH CHORIOAMNIONITIS

Chorioamnionitis is associated with perinatal death, congenital pneumonia and neonatal septicemia. Most cases of chorioamnionitis cannot be clearly attributed to pathogenic bacteria. Genital mycoplasmas have occasionally been isolated from affected tissues. To evaluate the possible association of genital mycoplasmas and chorioamnionitis, we have studied 249 consecutive live births. Mycoplasmas were grown from vaginal cultures of 73% of the mothers and from superficial cultures of 35% of their infants. When the histologic sections of the placentas were evaluated independently, 22% had significant polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates. M. hominis was isolated from 20.4% of infants whose placentas showed chorioamnionitis and from 14.6% of those with normal placentas (p>0.5). T-mycoplasmas were grown from 36.7% of infants with chorioamnionitis and from 19.3% of those without inflammation (p=0.016). Correction for the effects of birth weight, infant length, gestational age, duration of labor and of ruptured membranes, race, sex, prenatal care, and smoking history did not alter the significance of this association. These findings suggest that genital mycoplasmas may account for a substantial proportion of cases of chorioamnionitis.
Adsorption of natural organic matter onto carbonaceous surfaces: atomic force microscopy study.

The microscopic structure of carbonaceous surfaces exposed to natural organic matter (NOM) under aqueous conditions has been explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Dismal Swamp Water was used as the NOM source, while highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) served as a surrogate for the graphene sheets that characterize the surface of many carbonaceous materials in aquatic environments. Under acidic conditions, the HOPG surface was covered with a densely packed monolayer of NOM molecules. In some cases, aggregates of well-defined, individual NOM molecules were observed that exhibited a degree of registry with respect to the HOPG substrate. This suggests that adsorbate−substrate interactions play a role in moderating the structure of the adsorbate layer. As the pH increased, the concentration of adsorbed NOM decreased systematically because of increasingly repulsive interactions between adsorbates. Increasing the ionic strength produced a modest increase in the concentration of adsorbed NOM. Ca2+ io...
Prefetching Bloom filters to control flooding in content-centric networks

We address an issue relevant to Content-Centric Networks, in which content is discovered by flooding a request over the entire network. In our design, the collection of objects resolvable by a router is represented using Bloom filters. In response to the flooding, we send Bloom filters -- in essence transmitting all the object names represented within a router -- along with the object. In this manner, any subsequent request to an object represented within that Bloom filter will not need to be flooded. We present preliminary observations to validate our claims.
Novel low melting point quaternary eutectic system for solar thermal energy storage

Abstract A new low melting point quaternary eutectic mixture consisting of alkali nitrates and sodium nitrite was modeled by using thermodynamic principles. The eutectic temperature of the quaternary salt mixture was predicted to be 371.75 K. The quaternary eutectic mixture was synthesized based on the predicted eutectic composition and the eutectic temperature was determined using the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The experimental melting point was 372.17 K which was in excellent agreement with that of the predicted value. The heat capacity of the eutectic mixture was determined by the DSC as function of temperature in the liquid state and heat capacity increased with increase in temperature. Density of the molten quaternary eutectic mixture decreases linearly with increase in temperature. Thermal stability of the eutectic mixture was determined by both short-term and long-term thermogravimetric analyses. Short-term thermal stability test showed negligible weight loss. However, 7.4 wt.% weight loss was observed in the long–term thermal stability test at 773.15 K which corresponds to thermal decomposition of the salt mixture. Upper temperature limit for long-term thermal stability of the eutectic mixture was determined to be 703.15 K. Thermal energy storage capacity of the novel eutectic mixture was found to be larger than that of conventional solar salt and HITEC® salt.
Using MAPLE for the analysis of bifurcation phenomena in condensed-phase surface combustion

This article describes the use of the symbolic manipulation language MAPLE for the analysis of bifurcation phenomena in condensed-phase combustion. The physical problem concerns the structure and stability properties of a combustion front that propagates in the axial direction along the surface of a cylindrical solid fuel element. Experimental observations suggest that the front may propagate in a number of different ways; the objective of the investigation is to describe these different modes of propagation. The analysis involves the study of a set of nonlinear partial differential equations which describe the structure and evolution of the combustion front. Because the location of the front is unknown and must be found as part of the solution, the problem is a free boundary value problem. The purpose of this article is to show how symbolic manipulation languages like MAPLE can be combined effectively with analysis and numerical computations for this type of investigation.
Assessment of gene expression and peptide secretion from individual cells

We have developed an assay that allows one to monitor gene expression in and peptide secretion from individual cells. By combining the reverse hemolytic plaque with in situ hybridization, investigators can quantitate simultaneously the level of gene expression and the level of secretion of a peptide. The method can be used in any system in which an appropriate antibody for the reverse hemolytic plaque assay and probes complementary to the mRNA of interest are available. It can be used to monitor the level of mRNA and secretion of the peptide product, or expression of one gene and the secretion of another peptide. In this paper we will describe the major steps of the method. We have used the pituitary lactotroph as a model to demonstrate the power of this technique. However, we believe that this method may be an important approach to answer many questions regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the coupling of peptide secretion and gene expression at the single cell level. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of measurement setting and home smoking policy on smoking topography

While cigarette puffing style, measured by smoking topography, is highly variable between individuals, smoking behavior or style tends to vary relatively little within individuals. Recent research has demonstrated that certain situational factors may produce variation in smoking topography, including location of smoking. Smoking topography directly observed by researchers in a laboratory may differ from that indirectly observed via portable measurement devices at participants' homes. The introduction of clean indoor air laws may also influence smokers' puffing styles, as smokers modify their smoking topography to ensure a quicker, more efficient smoking style. The goal of this analysis was to examine whether directly observed laboratory measures are representative of indirectly observed smoking behavior and to examine the influence of smokers' preference for indoor or outdoor home smoking on puffing style. Overall, participants smoked more intensively in the directly observed setting than when in the indirectly observed setting in terms of total volume intake, inter-puff interval, and total time spent smoking. This difference was most pronounced among individuals who reported smoking indoors when at home. The data suggest that adherence to an indoor home smoking policy may further influence an individual's smoking behavior.
An unusual site of ventricular pacing occurring during the use of the transvenous catheter pacemaker

Abstract A patient is presented who maintained the electrocardiographic pattern of an intraventricular conduction defect similar to a RBBB for 18 months after an artificial pacemaker was thought to have been placed transvenously into her right ventricle. At autopsy, the electrodes were found to have traversed the coronary sinus and entered the middle cardiac vein. This resulted in pacing from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. To our knowledge, this abnormal location of a pacemaker electrode has not previously been reported. Electrocardiographic evidence for malpositioning is presented. The possible significance of a persistent RBBB in patients being paced from the right ventricle is discussed.
Resource Provisioning for Staging Components

To deal with the inordinate output data volumes of current and future high end simulations, researchers are turning to online methods in which multiple software components that implement desired data analytics and visualization are run on 'staging resources' of the petascale machine, concurrently and coupled with the simulations producing these outputs. Efficient online execution of data analytics 'in the output stream', however, requires careful provisioning of staging resources, to obtain delays for analytics processing that prevent applications from blocking on stalled output, while also bounding total required staging resources. This paper addresses the 'staging provisioning' problem, assuming sets of components arranged as potentially multiple analytics/output pipelines that differ in runtime behavior and resource requirements. For such configurations, it then meets the throughput constraint of online analytics while also minimizing end-to-end pipeline latency, all based on runtime observations and predictions of component performance. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the algorithm's utility. Its complexity for minimizing latency without violating throughput constraints is O(M), where M is the number of components in the staging area.
Strict core fuzzy logics and quasi-witnessed models

In this paper we prove strong completeness of axiomatic extensions of first-order strict core fuzzy logics with the so-called quasi-witnessed axioms with respect to quasi-witnessed models. As a consequence we obtain strong completeness of Product Predicate Logic with respect to quasi-witnessed models, already proven by M.C. Laskowski and S. Malekpour in [19]. Finally we study similar problems for expansions with Δ, define Δ-quasi-witnessed axioms and prove that any axiomatic extension of a first-order strict core fuzzy logic, expanded with Δ, and Δ-quasi-witnessed axioms are complete with respect to Δ-quasi-witnessed models.
A plasticity model for the mechanical behaviour of anisotropically consolidated clay

An incremental plasticity theory has been developed to describe the mechanical behaviour of anisotropically consolidated clays. The theory removes some of the shortcomings of the existing critical state models by incorporating the effects of the initial anisotropy due to a known depositional stress history and its subsequent alteration during further plastic deformation under a general stress system. From the extensive comparisons with the reported results in the literature, it is established that the model is satisfactory in predicting the various aspects of drained as well as undrained behaviour of K0-consolidated clays.
Attitudes and opinions of dietetics professionals toward cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses

Abstract Objective To compare the attitudes and opinions of dietitians and dietary managers in regard to cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) Design A questionnaire was sent nationwide to a sample of 1,074 dietitians and 545 dietary managers. Subjects/samples The dietitians were randomly selected from the dietitians practice groups of The American Dietetic Association that have practitioners with administrative responsibilities in health care: Clinical Nutrition Management, Consultant Dietitians in Health Care Facilities, and Management in Healthcare Systems. The random sample of dietary managers was drawn from the membership list of the Dietary Managers Association. Main outcome measures We hypothesized that there would be a difference between the dietitians managers in their attitudes about, and experiences in conducting CBA and CEA. Statistical analyses Data analysis incorporated frequencies, means, and standard deviations to describe the respondents. Pearson's pairwise correlations and analysis of variance examined the significance of the relationships among the variables of the study. Scheffe's test was conducted to identify which variables related closely to each other. Results Seven hundred twenty-two usable questionnaires were returned, which gave an overall response rate of 47%. Although both professional groups had experience with reducing costs at their jobs, they did not think it important to conduct CBA and CEA. Neither group could distinguish between CBA and CEA. Dietitians, who were more positive toward using CBA and CEA, saw them as important techniques that could justify the value of dietetics services. Dietitians were also more likely than the dietary managers to use the techniques in the future. Dietitians were beginning to explore the techniques, but they did not feel that good sources of information were available for conducting CBA and CEA studies. Applications/conclusions Our findings suggest a strong need to educate dietitians and dietary managers in the technique and proper use of CBA and CEA in practice settings. Dietitians need to be guided to appropriate teaching materials and educational programs, and dietary managers first have to be educated about the importance and the benefits of using the techniques. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994; 94: 386–389.
Ultra-high frequency emission from GaAs☆

Abstract Ultra-high frequency emission from n-type GaAs is observed as the acoustoelectric domain hits the anode of the crystal. Emission is attributed to the piezoelectric character of the anode region. Experimental technique described here is believed to be a useful tool in analyzing the frequency components and the attenuation of the acoustoelectric domain.
Review of modelling approaches for passive ceiling cooling systems

Passive ceiling cooling systems can lead to reduced cooling requirements, less fan energy and downsized ductwork, compared to conventional all-air systems. Additionally, radiant cooling of occupants allows for improved comfort while allowing for higher operating temperature, improving chiller efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current modelling approaches for passive ceiling cooling systems in order to document the state of the art and identify current research gaps and modelling development needs. Modelling methods are separated in three main categories, based on the domain of interest: component or “passive ceiling cooler” models, “indoor environment” models and “integrated” models. Simplified, detailed and empirical models are presented for each category. Different modelling approaches may be appropriate for different purposes (design vs. control analysis, and system simulation vs. whole building performance). The study summarizes useful findings, modelling limitations and applic...
Milk Protein Secretion by Explants of Prepubertal Bull Mammary Tissue: Breed Differences

Abstract Production of milk proteins in response to hormonal stimuli was studied in organ culture of mammary tissue from prepubertal Angus or Holstein bulls. Bulls were injected with estradiol and progesterone for 7 d and slaughtered on d 15. Mammary tissue explants were cultured for 96h in basal medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine or in stimulatory medium, further supplemented with prolactin. Selected cultures were incubated in the presence of [ 3 H]-amino acids. Content of α s1 -casein in cultures from Angus bulls was increased 3-fold in medium, and 6-fold in explant homogenates, relative to cultures from Holstein bulls. Concentration of 3 H-labeled protein was greater in medium (2.3-fold) of Angus versus Holstein cultures. Overall, α-lactalbumin content in medium and homogenates tended to be higher in Angus cultures. Prolactin increased α-lactalbumin and casein in medium, and α-lactalbumin and [ 3 H]-protein in homogenates. We conclude that mammary tissue of immature bulls can be induced to produce milk proteins and that prolactin enhances production. Genetic (breed) differences in responses were observed, although the greater productivity of explants from Angus compared with explants from Holstein bulls was unexpected. Nevertheless, use of measurements such as these may provide data for sire selection.
Materials for Devices in Life Science Applications

The unprecedented technology advancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits, and the resulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstrate the impact that micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to the area of electrical and computer engineering. Current research efforts in micro/nano fabrication technology for implementing integrated devices hope to yield similar revolutions in life science fields. The integrated life chip technology requires the integration of multiple materials, phenomena, technologies, and functions at micro/nano scales. By cross linking the individual engineering fields through micro/nano technology, various miniaturized life chips will have future impacts in the application markets such as medicine and healthcare.
Pore patterns on nuclear membranes.

Abstract The pore patterns on a large number of nuclear and one non-nuclear membrane have been examined. Important qualitative features of the arrangement of pores can be described by computing a statistical measure, the radial distribution function, of the pore patterns. This measure distinguishes three different pore patterns: 1. 1. Clumped patterns in which pores are found in clusters which are widely separated from one another. 2. 2. Patterns in which there is only a short range inhibitory region surrounding each pore with no evidence of a long range ordering. 3. 3. Patterns in which there is a local ordering in the region surrounding each pore, extending to several times the mean interpore spacing. Physical mechanisms which can lead to each of the observed patterns are discussed.
Complex role for the immune system in initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer

The immune system plays a complex role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inflammation can promote the formation of premalignant lesions and accelerate pancreatic cancer development. Conversely, pancreatic cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive environment, which is thought to promote tumor progression and invasion. Here we review the current literature describing the role of the immune response in the progressive development of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the mechanisms that drive recruitment and activation of immune cells at the tumor site, and our current understanding of the function of the immune cell types at the tumor. Recent clinical and preclinical data are reviewed, detailing the involvement of the immune response in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, including the role of specific cytokines and implications for disease outcome. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a predominantly innate immune response, while chronic pancreatitis elicits an immune response that involves both innate and adaptive immune cells, and often results in profound systemic immune-suppression. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked immune dysfunction driven by immunosuppressive cell types, tumor-promoting immune cells, and defective or absent inflammatory cells. Recent studies reveal that immune cells interact with cancer stem cells and tumor stromal cells, and these interactions have an impact on development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Finally, current PDAC therapies are reviewed and the potential for harnessing the actions of the immune response to assist in targeting pancreatic cancer using immunotherapy is discussed.
Connecting Faculty Researchers to Librarians via Departmental Associates

Librarians have provided reference and research support for faculty to varying degrees for many years, and librarian support is needed more than ever today with the rapidly evolving nature of library resources and online information. Learning about faculty research needs and determining ways to support their research is an ongoing challenge facing librarians. This article describes a library program that uses academic department administrative personnel to connect with faculty researchers and helps clarify the roles that librarians, faculty, and administrative personnel play in the research process.
Channel Responses to Urbanization: Scull and Mud Creeks in Fayetteville, Arkansas

Urbanization has several effects on the controls on stream morphology. In order to provide a basis for future study, and to determine whether changes in urban stream-channel morphology can be detected in a short time period, two urban streams in Fayetteville, Arkansas were chosen for repeat cross-section measurement and suspended sediment sampling over 18 months. Standard U.S. Geological Survey measurement and sampling techniques were used. An overall decrease in mean depth was observed over the study period. Significant channel variation occurred where there was ongoing development and channel obstruction. Channel stability was observed in locations with diverse riparian vegetation. Channel shape varied with land use in the study area. Sites with more disturbances in the near-channel environment were variable over the course of the study, exhibiting a complex response to several types of disturbances.
Role for the cholecystokinin‐A receptor in fever: a study of a mutant rat strain and a pharmacological analysis

The involvement of the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor in fever was studied. The polyphasic febrile responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg kg−1, i.v.) were compared between wild-type Long-Evans (LE) rats and the CCK-A-receptor-deficient Otsuka LE Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. The response of the wild-type rats was biphasic, which is typical for LE rats. Phases 1 and 2 of the response of the OLETF rats were similar to those of the LE rats, but the OLETF rats also developed a robust phase 3. This late enhancement of the febrile response could reflect either the absence of the A receptor per se or a secondary trait of the mutant strain. To distinguish between these possibilities, we conducted a pharmacological analysis. We studied whether the normally low phase 3 of LE rats can be enhanced by a CCK-A-receptor antagonist, sodium lorglumide (4.3 μg kg−1 min−1, 120 min, i.v.), and whether the normally high phase 3 of Wistar rats can be attenuated by a CCK-A receptor agonist, sulphated CCK-8 (up to 0.17 μg kg−1 min−1, 120 min, i.v.). The dose of sodium lorglumide used was sufficient to increase food intake (to block satiety), but it did not affect the fever response. In both febrile and afebrile rats, CCK-8 induced dose-dependent skin vasodilatation and decreased body temperature, but it failed to produce any effects specific for phase 3. We conclude that the exaggeration of phase 3 in OLETF rats reflects a secondary trait of this strain and not the lack of the CCK-A receptor per se. None of the three known phases of the febrile response of rats to LPS requires the CCK-A receptor.
Echocardiographic features of amyloid ischemic heart disease.

Abstract Cardiac interstitial amyloid of sufficient quantity to produce restrictive hemodynamics is usually manifested grossly by nondilated ventricles with increased ventricular wall thickness. 1–3 We describe 2 patients with amyloid heart disease, primarily of the vascular rather than the interstitial type, in whom the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness was normal; the cavity was dilated in 1 patient.
Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum

The in vivo effects of olanzapine on the extracellular monoamine levels in rat prefrontal cortex (Pfc), nucleus accumbens (Acb) and striatum (Cpu) were investigated by means of microdialysis. Sequential doses of olanzapine at 0.5, 3 and 10 mg/kg (SC) dose-dependently increased the extracellular dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels in all three brain areas. The increases appeared 30 min after olanzapine administration, reached peaks around 60–90 min and lasted for at least 2 h. The highest DA increases in the Acb and Cpu were induced by olanzapine at 3 mg/kg but at 10 mg/kg in the Pfc. The peak DA increase in the Pfc (421% ± 46 of the baseline) was significantly larger than those in the Acb (287% ± 24) and Cpu (278% ± 28). Similarly, the highest NE increase in the Pfc (414%±40) induced by 10 mg/kg olanzapine was larger than those in the Acb (233% ± 39) and Cpu (223% ± 24). The DA and NE increases in the Pfc induced by olanzapine at 3 and 10 mg/kg (SC) were slightly larger than those induced by clozapine at the same doses. In contrast, haloperidol (0.5 and 2 mg/kg, SC) did not change Pfc DA and NE levels. Extracellular levels of a DA metabolite, DOPAC, and tissue concentrations of a released DA metabolite, 3-methoxytyramine, were also increased by olanzapine, consistent with enhanced DA release. However, olanzapine at the three sequential doses did not alter the extracellular levels of either 5-HT or its metabolite, 5-HIAA, in any of the three brain areas. In conclusion, the present studies demonstrate that in the case of sequential dosing olanzapine more effectively enhances DA and NE release in the Pfc than in the subcortical areas, which may have an impact on its atypical antipsychotic actions.
Fundamentals and challenges of optical multiple-input multiple-output multimode fiber links [Topics in Optical Communications]

In this article we discuss the application of MIMO processing to multimode fiber links. MIMO processing is shown to increase the information capacity of communication links linearly as the minimum number of transmitters/receivers increases. The fundamentals of optical MIMO fiber links are presented, and the promises and challenges of such systems are elaborated