cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Research in Auditing and Its Impact on Audit Education

Auditing is inherently a judgment process. In the past 25 years a large body of research related to auditor judgment has raised numerous issues about the manner in which audits are performed and the nature of education and training that is appropriate for individuals entering the profession. Current trends in auditing away from overly structured methods to more subjective, risk‐based approaches exacerbate the judgment demands placed on auditors and make it increasingly more critical that issues of auditor judgment and decision making be integrated into audit education. The need for auditing students to be exposed to a breadth of substantive business and accounting topics is more pronounced than ever before. Auditors do not merely dwell in a world of debits and credits, but rather must deal with the more challenging issues of risks, controls, performance measurement, and audit evidence. To rise to these challenges, new graduates need to develop skills in critical reasoning, information search, interpersona...
Has Trade Become More Responsive to Income? Assessing the Evidence for US Imports

This study tests the stability of a standard equation for aggregate US imports over the period 1975–2011. It finds evidence of significant parameter instability, though its dating varies with the equation specification and diagnostic. Nonetheless, the analysis finds a significant rise in the long-run income elasticity that is robust across most break dates and specifications. The increase in the long-run income elasticity is consistent with shifts in the composition of aggregate imports toward capital and consumer goods. There is further evidence that vertical specialization may be behind both the structural instability and the apparent rise in the income elasticity of aggregate US imports.
Speech and language assessment scales of deaf children

Abstract Six year old deaf children with an average PTA of 105.7 dB were evaluated for speech and language skills using rating scales. Five rating scales were designed to assess language production, sign ability, overall communication skills, speech reception and speech intelligibility. Each scale incorporated five categories ranging from inability to complete ability to demonstrate a given skill. For several ratings, classroom teachers, given instruction, were asked to make judgements which were later correlated with examiner's scores. Mean ratings indicate that comprehension skills superceded performance skills. A hierarchy of ability among communication skills can be seen.
An optimal on-line algorithm for K-servers on trees

The k-server problem is investigated when the metric space is a tree. For this case an on-line k-competitive algorithm for k-servers is presented. The competitiveness ratio k is optimal. The algorithm is memoryless, in the sense that it does not use any information from the past.
Susceptibility to Human Infectious Diseases, Genetics of

Microbial pathogens have shaped portions of the human genome over the millennia of its evolution, resulting in human genetic diversity and differential susceptibility to infectious diseases. Distinguishing characteristics of infectious diseases permit and require specific approaches to the investigation of genetic influences that can differ substantially from highly favourable to highly unfavourable. Expanding knowledge and improved technology are revealing important deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence and structural polymorphism in critical pathways of the innate and acquired immune systems. Reports are proliferating on relationships of responses to infection with variants of genes that encode secreted cytokines and lectins along with their receptors, intracellular signalling molecules, components of the antigen-presenting machinery and other effector or regulatory products. These notable accomplishments foreshadow both revelations and challenges in dissecting the complex host genetic mediation of differential responses to infectious diseases in individuals and populations. Keywords: antigen presentation; genetic susceptibility; immune response; infectious disease; innate immunity; acquired immunity
Data mining on the grid for the grid

Both users and administrators of computing grids are presented with enormous challenges in debugging and troubleshooting. Diagnosing a problem with one application on one machine is hard enough, but diagnosing problems in workloads of millions of jobs running on thousands of machines is a problem of a new order of magnitude. Suppose that a user submits one million jobs to a grid, only to discover some time later that half of them have failed, Users of large scale systems need tools that describe the overall situation, indicating what problems are commonplace versus occasional, and which are deterministic versus random. Machine learning techniques can be used to debug these kinds of problems in large scale systems. We present a comprehensive framework from data to knowledge discovery as an important step towards achieving this vision.
How user-friendly are online interactive maps? Survey based on experiments with heterogeneous users

Many users of online interactive maps have substantial problems interacting with these maps. The main goal of this paper is to explore the issues related to the interaction with GIS-based interactive online maps. An example is taken from a Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) created for the inhabitants in Wilhelmsburg, a city district of Hamburg, Germany. The application was developed within a European project and tested in two phases: first with the inhabitants of Wilhelmsburg and second with a group of students of urban planning with some basic GIS skills. In this article, we present the results of testing with both groups and discuss open research and practical issues related to the interaction with online interactive maps. We conclude the article with a list of relevant research topics which address this interaction and the consequences the design of online maps can have on the ability of the user to use them efficiently.
Do ship strikes threaten the recovery of endangered eastern North Pacific blue whales

Blue whales were targeted in the North Pacific from 1905–1971 and are listed as endangered by the IUCN. Despite decades without whaling, abundance estimates for eastern North Pacific (ENP) blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) suggest little evidence for a recent increase. One possible reason is fatal strikes by large ships, which have affected populations of other cetaceans and resulted in mitigation. We used a population dynamics model to assess the trends and status of ENP blue whales, and the effects of ship strikes. We estimate the population likely never dropped below 460 individuals, and is at 97% of carrying capacity (95% interval 62%–99%). These results suggest density dependence, not ship strikes, is the key reason for the observed lack of increase. We also estimate future strikes will likely have a minimal impact; for example, an 11-fold increase in vessels would lead to a 50% chance the long-term population would be considered depleted. Although we estimate ship strike mitigation would have minimal impacts on population trends and status, current levels of ship strikes are likely above legal limits set by the U.S. The recovery of ENP blue whales from whaling demonstrates the ability of blue whale populations to rebuild under careful management.
Georges Cuvier: Annotated Bibliography of His Published Works, edited by Jean Chandler Smith, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1993

For those who are interested in the intellectual development of the ideas of Georges Cuvier, this volume will go a long way to satisfy that interest. The editor has arranged all Cuvier's published source material in a series of both convenient as well as documentary "stages" that will aid the researcher in looking up published bibliographic references. The book is organized along the following types of documentation: Journals (records I-S6,6) Annual Review of Science (records S67-6S2), monographs (records 653-823), Contributions to Encyclopedias (records 824-908). The volume contains a chronology of Cuvier's life, a forward by Stephen Jay GeuId, random statistical notes, a personal name index, and a subject index. The volume is extremely well organized and it is easy to use. The editor has done a fine job of pulling together the Cuvier's published materials from disparate sources. The researcher interested in Cuvier's work will find this volume indispensible.
Screening for cognitive and social–emotional problems in individuals with PKU: Tools for use in the metabolic clinic

Abstract Cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, and emotional problems occur at significantly higher rates in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) than in the general population. The relationship between elevated blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels and the severity of these problems often remain unrecognized. Children and adults with PKU require ongoing screening so that referrals to psychologists or psychiatrists familiar with metabolic disorders can be made when necessary for in-depth evaluation and treatment. To identify screening instruments that can be used by non-psychologists as well as psychologists, a group of 10 psychologists and a psychiatrist in the United States with expertise in neuropsychological assessment and PKU proposed a Uniform Assessment Method for PKU. Questionnaires were selected that reliably detect problems in adaptive behavior, executive function, and emotional well-being, representing the most vulnerable areas for individuals with PKU. These questionnaires are appropriate for individuals from infancy through adulthood, may be administered in less than 1 h, have computerized scoring accessibility, have no practice effects, and are available in Spanish and English. In addition to assessing function at a single point in time, the screening measures may be administered at each clinic visit to assess changes in function related to metabolic status or treatment (e.g., Phe-restricted diet, food supplements). The following questionnaires comprise the Uniform Assessment Method for PKU: for 0–2 years, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition (ABAS-II); for 2–17 years, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Behavior Assessment System for Children – Second Edition (BASC-II); and for adults, BRIEF, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI-II). In addition to long-term monitoring of outcomes in PKU, this uniform screening approach facilitates PKU research, as data may be pooled across multiple clinics using a consistent battery of assessment measures.
Adaptive map configuration and dynamic routing to optimize the performance of a satellite communication network

It is demonstrated that the performance of a satellite network can be optimized by changing its facilities. A mesh-connected, circuit-switched satellite communication network is shown to perform better by adaptively reconfiguring the network by using simulated annealing to suit the current traffic conditions. Proper allocation of link capacities and placing an optimal reservation scheme for the network are crucial in this scheme. Routing is performed dynamically. Simulation results confirm these characteristics. >
Sensor Information Networking Architecture

The advent of technology has facilitated the development of networked systems of extremely small, low-power devices that combine programmable general-purpose computing with multiple sensing and wireless communication capability. This networked system of programmable sensor nodes, which together form a sensor network, poses unique challenges on how information collected by, and stored within, the sensor network could be queried and accessed, and how concurrent sensing tasks could be executed internally and programmed by external users. In this paper, we describe SINA (Sensor Information Networking Architecture), which facilitates the querying, monitoring and tasking of sensor networks. We model a sensor network as a collection of massively distributed objects, and SINA plays the role of middleware that facilitates the adaptive organization of sensor information. The SINA kernel provides a set of configuration and communication primitives that enable the scalable, robust and energy-efficient organization of, and interactions among, sensor objects. On top of the SINA kernel is a programmable substrate that follows the spreadsheet paradigm and provides mechanisms to create associations among sensor nodes. Users then access information within a sensor network using declarative queries and perform tasks using programmable scripts. Issues concerning interworking between stationary sensor networks and mobile nodes are also addressed.
Analysis of Red Edge Spectral Characteristics and Total Chlorophyll Values for Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) Branch Segments from Mt. Moosilauke, Nh, Usa

High-spectral resolution reflectance data were acquired for first, second and third year red spruce branch segments in conjunction with needle collections of the same age classes for anatomical assessment and determination of total chlorophyll concentration. Samples were collected eight times over the 1989 growing season from two sites (upper elevation site 960 m and lower elevation site 790 m) located in the spruce/fir transition zone on Mt. Moosilauke, NH. The results of this ongoing forest ecosystem assessment show a strong correlation exists between total chlorophyll concentration and two red edge parameters: the red edge inflection point (R2=0.87) and a narrow band red edge reflectance ratio (R2=0.75). These data suggest that red edge parameters may provide a very accurate means of quantifying normal phenologic changes as well as anthropogenic impact on red spruce needles.
A robust spectral approach for blind watermarking of manifold surfaces

This paper proposes a robust, blind, and imperceptible spectral watermarking approach for manifold surfaces represented as triangle meshes. The basic idea is to transform the original mesh into frequency domain using the Fourier-Like Manifold Harmonics Transform. The manifold harmonics basis defined on arbitrary topology surfaces is an intrinsic property of the manifold surfaces, i.e., it is only determined by the surface metric and independent of their resolution and embedding. This property makes our watermarking scheme immune to uniform affine attack (rotation, scaling, and translation) and robust against noise-addition and mesh simplification attacks. The global manifold harmonics are computed using the finite element method combined with a band-by-band algorithm that can compute thousands of eigenvectors for large meshes with up to a million triangles. The watermark data is embedded by modifying the manifold harmonics descriptors magnitude in an imperceptible way. By using global spectral analysis, the detection of such watermarks does not require mesh registration or re-sampling, and analysis of the statistics of the manifold harmonics descriptors is exploited to devise an optimal blind detector. Experimental results show the imperceptibility of the watermark with low distortions, and its robustness against the most common attacks including the uniform affine transformations, random noise addition, mesh simplification, etc.
Variability in kinematic coupling assessed by vector coding and continuous relative phase

Variability in the spatio-temporal coordination of human movement kinematics is often assessed by vector coding and continuous relative phase (CRP). To facilitate appropriate comparisons between the findings of studies that have used different techniques to assess variability, the purposes of this study were: (1) to determine if both vector coding and CRP behave according to dynamical systems theories on variability and state space transitions; and (2) to determine if trends in coordination variability during movement are consistent when using either vector coding or CRP. We present both a theoretical case (the Lorenz Attractor) and two experimental cases (rearfoot–forefoot coupling during overground walking for 22 subjects; the effect of treadmill speed on thigh-leg coupling for five subjects). In the theoretical case, variability quantified by CRP agreed with dynamical systems theory on state space transitions more so than variability quantified by vector coding. In experimental cases, this distinction was less clear, although CRP appeared to be a more conservative metric for variability. The magnitudes (all p 2.8). However, changes in the average variability during the stride cycle as speed increased were consistent for both methods (all effect sizes <0.2). The results suggest that comparisons between the findings of studies that have quantified variability using CRP and those that have used vector coding should be made with caution.
Financing The Firm: Venture Capital And Initial Public Offerings

Venture capital and initial public offerings have been the backbone of the development of new business firms for many years. However, the recent abnormal growth of stock market in the 1990s, especially the creation of the many new technology firms, has boosted venture capital formation and initial public offerings. This paper intends to shed light on the type and formation of the IPOs in 1999-­2000, including the process involved, the stages of capital funding, the allotment pricing, and the risk and effects of flipping. It concludes with a brief discussion of the three new and successful IPOs.
Estimation of Cardiopulmonary Parameters From Ultra Wideband Radar Measurements Using the State Space Method

Ultra wideband (UWB) Doppler radar has many biomedical applications, including remote diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, triage and real-time personnel tracking in rescue missions. It uses narrow pulses to probe the human body and detect tiny cardiopulmonary movements by spectral analysis of the backscattered electromagnetic (EM) field. With the help of super-resolution spectral algorithms, UWB radar is capable of increased accuracy for estimating vital signs such as heart and respiration rates in adverse signal-to-noise conditions. A major challenge for biomedical radar systems is detecting the heartbeat of a subject with high accuracy, because of minute thorax motion (less than 0.5 mm) caused by the heartbeat. The problem becomes compounded by EM clutter and noise in the environment. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm based on the state space method (SSM) for the extraction of cardiac and respiration rates from UWB radar measurements. SSM produces range-dependent system poles that can be classified parametrically with spectral peaks at the cardiac and respiratory frequencies. It is shown that SSM produces accurate estimates of the vital signs without producing harmonics and inter-modulation products that plague signal resolution in widely used FFT spectrograms.
Dendrites actively restrain axon outgrowth and regeneration

The development of approaches to regenerate neuronal connections that are lost after nervous system injury or during disease has proven enormously challenging. In the mammalian CNS the problem appears to be (at least) twofold. First, local extrinsic cues potently suppress axon outgrowth. However, efforts to blunt growth inhibitory effects of these molecules have not resulted in widespread regrowth of axons after lesion (1). The second problem is that functionally mature neurons, in contrast to developing neurons, appear to have a low intrinsic capacity for growth (2). Preconditioning lesions, where one axonal branch of a neuron is severed, can significantly enhance the outgrowth of other axonal branches in response to subsequent axotomy (3). The effect of the preconditioning lesion has been thought to result from the first lesion driving neuronal de-differentiation and resetting its fate to something more like a developing neuron (4), but the precise mechanisms involved have remained unclear. In PNAS, Chung et al. (5) use an elegant combination of genetics, laser ablations, and pharmacology to demonstrate that dendrites actively repress regenerative outgrowth in functionally mature neurons through a pathway that is independent of the well-conserved dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK)-regulated regeneration cascade (Fig. 1). Moreover, this pathway shares important cellular and molecular features with a previously described form of stress-induced ectopic axon outgrowth, suggesting common mechanisms may underlie these processes.
Architecture and Key Technologies for Situational Awareness Based Automatic Intelligent Dispatching of Power Grid

The construction and development of smart grids in China make higher demand of dispatching and operation of power grid, thus it is necessary to develop an intelligent dispatching supporting system conformable with smart grid. Based on existing technical achievements in the field of smart grid dispatching it is proposed to construct a situational awareness based architecture of automatic intelligent dispatching system to accurately master the development trend and process of power grid operating conditions. Firstly, the defects of traditional power grid dispatching are analyzed and the concepts of situational awareness and operating trajectory of power grid as well as the method to characterize them are presented; then the overall objectives of automatic intelligent dispatching are put forward, and the functions of automatic intelligent dispatching and the framework of its technical architecture, mainly including perception based forecasting, risk analysis, auxiliary decision-making and automatic control and so on, are given. On this basis, combining with technical status of power grids, eight key technologies to be broken through for the realization of automatic intelligent dispatching are pointed out.
Differentialgleichungen I. Ordnung

Differentialgleichungen I. Ordnung, deren allgemeinste Form f(x, y, y’) = 0 ist, sind Beziehungen zwischen den drei Veranderlichen x, y und y’. Aufgelost gedacht nach y’ ergebe sich y’ = tg φ = g (x, y), wobei φ den Winkel gegen die x-Achse bedeutet. Aus dieser Fassung erkennen wir, das f(x, y, y’) = 0 eine Aussage uber die Anstiegsrichtung der Losungs- oder Integralkurve im veranderlichen Punkte P(x, y) ist (Abb. 1). Denkt man sich diese Konstruktion in jedem Punkt der x-y-Ebene ausgefuhrt, so erhalt man ein Pichtungsfeld.
Sex and Age Effects of Functional Connectivity in Early Adulthood

Abstract Functional connectivity (FC) in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used to find coactivating regions in the human brain. Despite its widespread use, the effects of sex and age on resting FC are not well characterized, especially during early adulthood. Here we apply regression and graph theoretical analyses to explore the effects of sex and age on FC between the 116 AAL atlas parcellations (a total of 6670 FC measures). rs-fMRI data of 494 healthy subjects (203 males and 291 females; age range: 22–36 years) from the Human Connectome Project were analyzed. We report the following findings. (1) Males exhibited greater FC than females in 1352 FC measures (1025 survived Bonferroni correction; \documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{...
The role of peltate scales in desiccation tolerance of Pleopeltis polypodioides

The extreme drought tolerance of the resurrection fern is in part the result of the dorsal scales that assist in water distribution and controlled desiccation. We studied the effect of peltate scales on water uptake and loss of the desiccation-tolerant epiphytic fern Pleopeltis polypodioides using optical and FTIR microscopy and staining with calcofluor, solophenyl flavine7GFE, and Ruthenium Red. We provide information on structure, property, and function of the scales by measuring water uptake and dehydration, contact angles, and metabolic activity. Peltate scales mainly contain cellulose, xylogalactans, and pectin. Water is absorbed from the center of scales, and the overlapping arrangement of scales facilitates surface spreading of water. Intact fronds hydrated fully within 5 h of imbibition of the apical pinna, without scales water uptake stopped after 1 h. Hydration rates via rhizomes followed a longer time course but also improved in the presence of scales. Fronds with and without scales lost half of their water content in 15 or 4 h, respectively. The overall metabolism of rapidly dehydrated fronds was significantly reduced compared with slowly dehydrated fronds. Thus, water management and metabolism of Pleopeltis are dependent on surface properties determined by peltate scales.
Breadwinning and bread‐losing: Exploring opportunities to rework manhood

Manhood in the USA today is at a crossroads. There are more models of how to be a man than ever before. And yet, despite myriad changes to the structures of work and family, the breadwinner ideology, or the heterogendered ideal that husbands should be the sole or primary earners in their families, persists in US society. This ideology affects the structure of work and family, regardless of whether individual people agree with it. Here, we discuss the breadwinner ideology and the ways that this meaning system tethers employment to masculinity and vice versa. We examine strategies for decoupling manhood from work and family and suggest ways to facilitate the undoing of gender.
A General Method for Selective Recognition of Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides in Water

Molecular recognition of carbohydrates plays vital roles in biology but has been difficult to achieve with synthetic receptors. Through covalent imprinting of carbohydrates in boroxole-functionalized cross-linked micelles, we prepared nanoparticle receptors for a wide variety of mono- and oligosaccharides. The boroxole functional monomer bound the sugar templates through cis-1,2-diol, cis-3,4-diol, and trans-4,6-diol. The protein-sized nanoparticles showed excellent selectivity for d-aldohexoses in water with submillimolar binding affinities and completely distinguished the three biologically important hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose). Glycosides with nonpolar aglycon showed stronger binding due to enhanced hydrophobic interactions. Oligosaccharides were distinguished on the basis of their monosaccharide building blocks, glycosidic linkages, chain length, as well as additional functional groups that could interact with the nanoparticles.
Community Policing, Homeland Security, and the Somali Diaspora in Minnesota

ABSTRACTOver the past decade more than 40 young men have left the Somali diaspora in the US state of Minnesota to fight for foreign terrorist groups. In 2011, fearing similar radicalization across the country, the Obama administration began to emphasize the potential for community policing to enable police agencies to partner with local communities to prevent it. Subsequently, the US Department of Justice sought to make the state’s capital, Minneapolis-St. Paul, a national model for doing so. This article assesses the success of this goal and elucidates the principal lessons that might be learned from the ongoing process.
Polysubstance use by psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.

Abstract Background Polysubstance use, the consumption of more than one substance over a defined period, is common and associated with psychiatric problems and poor treatment adherence and outcomes. This study examined past-month polysubstance use at intake among psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders, and outcomes 3 months later. Methods Participants (n = 406 psychiatry inpatients with documented mental health and substance use disorders) completed a baseline and a 3-month follow-up (84%) interview. With baseline data, a latent class analysis was conducted on substances used in the past 30 days. Analyses of covariance tested for differences among classes on outcomes at 3-month follow-up. Results At baseline, three classes were estimated: Cannabis + Alcohol (35.1%), Alcohol (49.3%), and Polysubstance, notably, cocaine plus alcohol and marijuana (15.7%). At follow-up, the Polysubstance class had more severe alcohol and drug use, support for abstinence, and motivation for help-seeking, but less abstinence self-efficacy; it was most likely to attend 12-step groups. The Cannabis + Alcohol class was least likely to obtain outpatient substance use treatment, and had the lowest percent days abstinent. Conclusions Psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders have varying substance use patterns that correspond to substance-related outcomes concurrently and over time. Many patients achieved abstinence for most days of the 3-month post-hospitalization period. To further increase abstinence, providers could build on polysubstance-using patients’ high motivation to increase self-efficacy. In addition, because patients using mainly cannabis plus alcohol may perceive little harm from cannabis use, providers may consider modifying risk perceptions through effective education.
Intensive therapy delayed microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria

Source Citation Gaede P, Vedel P, Parving H-H, Pedersen O. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and micro-albuminuria: the Steno type 2 randomized study...
A Wnt/Calcium Signaling Cascade Regulates Neuronal Excitability and Trafficking of NMDARs.

Summary Wnt signaling controls multiple biological process, particularly the embryonic development of metazoans. Sustained expression of Wnt signaling components in the mature mammalian CNS and their apparent deregulation in certain neuropathologies suggest that it also plays a part beyond embryonic development to regulate normal brain function. We describe a noncanonical Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling cascade that regulates the electrophysiological intrinsic properties of rat neurons, resulting in sustained membrane depolarization and the mobilization of Ca 2+ from internal stores. These effects require tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (RoR2), activation of PLC, and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. Activation of this signaling cascade then promotes surface expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) through a SNARE-dependent mechanism. This neuronal Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway represents a mechanism for Wnt ligands to regulate normal brain processes in the mature animal and provides a framework for understanding how alterations in this pathway may contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders where NMDARs are compromised.
Correlating Boredom Proneness and Automation Complacency in Modern Airline Pilots

The research project determined whether boredom proneness and self-assessed boredom affect automation complacency in modern airline pilots. Modern transport category aircraft are increasing in automation sophistication. This paradigm shift is seeing pilots relegated to automation supervisory or monitoring roles instead of active participants in the flight. An unintended consequence is the potential for increased boredom. The study examines whether pilots who are more prone to boredom make a greater amount of automation complacency related mistakes. A sample of active professional airline pilots at a major airline in the United States completed an on-line survey (N=273). The survey incorporated four parts. The first segment collected general demographic data. The second portion administered the BPS, or Boredom Proneness Test (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986). The third segment administered the Pilot Automation Complacency Practices Scale, created by the author. Finally, the last portion queried the subject’s self-assessed boredom level, and automation philosophy. The survey included numerous free comment sections for pilots to add information not specifically queried. Pearson Correlation Coefficients confirmed that boredom proneness does affect automation complacency in the sample. The BPS exhibited good validity with the self-assessment of boredom (r=.499, p=0.01). Boredom and boredom proneness also adversely affect attention span in airline pilots. The research is applicable to highly automated environments conducive to boredom where monitoring and supervision is required.
Genetic issues and pitfalls in transgenic plant breeding

Transgene technology provides a powerful tool for developing traits that are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional breeding. In order to effectively apply the technology to breeding, we need to understand how transgenes behave in plants. Transgenes may or may not follow Mendelian segregation; their expression can be significantly affected by integration positions and structures of the transgenic DNA in host genomes; transgenes may become unstable over generations, genetic background sand environmental conditions; and they may have significantly negative impact on expression of endogenous genes. If not well understood, the sehurdles could become significant barriers in transgenic breeding. This paper reviews some genetic issues and pitfalls that are often encountered in transgenic breeding. Because of the necessity of being brief, transgene expression, silencing, and breeding are the three areas of focuses in this discussion. While molecular mechanisms underlying many of the transgenic phenomena have not been completely understood, some practical ‘rules’ are now available for creating, evaluating and selecting desirable transgenic transformants. It can be certain that with more transgenic plants generated and characterized our knowledge of transgene genetics at both molecular and plant levels will continue to accumulate.
Cell-Free Identification of S. cerevisiae Strains by Analysis of Supernatant Using LC-MS

Current literature shows a gap for methods which can identify yeast sub-species (strains or serovars) in samples where there are no viable cells remaining. Presented here is a technique for the analysis of yeast supernatant, including solid phase extraction, data-dependent acquisition liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two chemometric methods to identify and classify yeast strains. Five strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were successfully identified in various stages of growth. In addition, peptide/protein identification was performed, without the need for additional data acquisition.
Developmental Biology: Hox Timing Determines Limb Placement

Summary Hox genes are known to determine vertebral identity along with being required for normal limb patterning. A new study now finds that differential expression timing of Hox genes in the lateral plate mesoderm determines limb placement as well.
Successful Management of Adolescent Bupropion Overdose with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy

Bupropion overdose in the pediatric setting poses significant potential for toxicity. We present the case of a 15-year-old female patient presenting with intentional bupropion overdose resulting in generalized tonic–clonic seizures, severe acidosis, vomiting, and tachycardia after ingestion of between 1,650 to 9,000 mg (24–133 mg/kg) of bupropion. The patient was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) where toxicity was resolved promptly following administration of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) infusion. ILE is a first-line treatment for other forms of toxicity including unintended local anesthetic administration. ILE use is not a first-line treatment in this setting, but this case presents a positive subsequent patient outcome.
Endothelin receptor B predicts poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and can be inhibited to increase intratumoral T cells and enhance tumor vaccine therapy

2524 Background: An inability of T cells to penetrate into tumor islets leads to a poor clinical outcome. We sought to identify tumor endothelial regulators of T cell trafficking. Methods: We used ...
Money and Power: Great Predators in the Political Economy of Development

The book explores the role of governments and development finance institutions in managing the markets in which the poorest countries operate. These institutions - the 'Great Predators' - are trapping the populations of the south in a permanent cycle of austerity.Bracking examines the political economy relations between states. She shows how pseudo-public 'development' institutions retain complete economic control over Southern markets, yet the international system is itself unregulated. Operating in the interests of North America and the European Union, they have a political purpose, and yet serve to cloud the brute power relations between states.This book will be of interest to anyone studying debt and development, global financial institutions, and the way the world economy is regulated and governed.
Drought and post-drought rain effect on stream phosphorus and other nutrient losses in the Northeastern USA

Abstract Study region Our study was conducted in the Owasco Lake watershed, which is part of the Finger Lakes, located in Central NY. Study focus In the Northeastern United States (NE US), nutrient pollution is receiving increasing attention, and particularly phosphorus (P), in response to the recent increasing frequency of toxic blue-green algal blooms. This study assesses how land use, seasonal weather patterns, and climate extremes interact to control runoff and nutrient loading from tributaries into Owasco Lake. In 2016, NE US experienced a prolonged drought, which resulted in unusual and extreme low flows between August and October. The drought was ended by an intense rain event at the end of October. New hydrological insights for the region The results show that during the drought period the expected influence of agricultural and mixed land use on P loads was masked. However, high P loads were observed during the first rain event after the drought, exacerbating the agricultural impact on water quality. This study aids in understanding how climate extremes might affect nutrient runoff dynamics in the NE US. These findings are an important contribution from a management perspective, as projections for the NE US suggest that total precipitation will slightly increase, but large changes are expected in the extremes, with summer rains becoming concentrated in fewer events of higher intensities, interspaced with prolonged dry periods.
Neoliberal Lives: Work, Politics, Nature, and Health in the Contemporary United States: by Robert Chernomas, Ian Hudson, and Mark Hudson, Manchester, UK, Manchester University Press, 2019, 226 pp., $129 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1526110183

Neoliberal Lives is a comprehensive and thorough account of the social, and political transformations that have shaped the lives of most Americans for the last four decades, as well as set the stag...
P.1.38 Effects of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genotype and nanomaterials exposure on heart rate variability

Background Although paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) associated antioxidant enzyme that has beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, whether PON1 Q192R polymorphism have any effect on cardiac autonomic function is yet to be investigated. Moreover, there is limited data regarding the influence of NPs exposure on HRV parameters in humans. The purpose of the study was to exam whether PON1 genotype or NPs exposure has an association with HRV levels. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 235 workers exposed to NM and 185 non-exposed controls from 14 NM handling plants in Taiwan from 2009 to 2011. For each participant, we collected blood specimens to determine the genotype of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism and PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities. In addition, short-term HRV was tested. Results The results showed that PON1 Q192R genotype and PON1 paraoxonase/arylesterase activities associated with HRV, and was particularly noteworthy in RMSSD and HF. The relationship between NPs exposure and HRV was only found in workers exposed to nano-Ag, but the apparent relationship between NPs exposure and HRV is lacking. Conclusions It is a novel finding that both RR genotype of PON1 (Q192R) and activities of PON1 increased with HRV levels. PON1 Q192R genotype may play an important role in cardiac protection. Considering the global prevalence of NMs market, further studies of NPs-induced cardiac events and stresses still are required to establish.
8.10 – Duloxetine

Duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is the first drug that is widely approved in Europe for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. This paper will, of course, review the critical scientific underpinnings for the use of duloxetine in SUI – facilitation of striated urethral sphincter activity through stimulation of 5HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors – and possibly overactive bladder – via inhibition of bladder primary afferent C fibers through activation of 5HT1 receptors. In addition, the marketing and medical challenges involved in bringing a ‘first-to-market’ drug through the development process are addressed. The role and timing of government-sponsored activities, in particular, the 1992 release of the first Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guideline on urinary incontinence and the 1998 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for Industry for the Development of Incontinence Drugs are discussed. Duloxetine is available in Europe and mexico under the brand names Yentreve or Ariclaim.
Paleofloods stage a comeback

Geological and botanical archives can preserve evidence of exceptional floods going back centuries to millennia. Updated risk guidelines offer a new opportunity to apply lessons from paleoflood hydrology to judge the odds of future floods.
Behavioral Level Noise Modeling and Jitter Simulation ofPhase-Locked Loops with Faults Using VHDL-AMS

It is important to predict noise at the early stages of a top-down design. In this paper, we propose a methodology to model phase noise or jitter, a key specification for phase-locked loops, using a mixed-signal hardware description language, and to simulate the effects of catastrophic faults on the phase jitter at the behavioral level. In contrast to existing approaches which either require dedicated noise simulators or postpone noise and fault simulation to the transistor level, we have successfully demonstrated that noise in a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), power supply noise, and their effects on the overall phase jitter within a faulty PLL can be modeled and simulated earlier on at the behavioral level. Our simulation results are consistent with experimentally-verified theoretical predictions.
Making Sense of Hip Preservation Procedural Coding-Getting Paid for Your Work!

Abstract Hip preservation and peri-trochanteric procedures are becoming more commonplace for the arthroplasty surgeon. Understanding the reimbursement for these procedures remains a challenge for those looking to expand this portion of their practice. In order to financially maximize the surgeon’s efforts, we present recommendations for hip preservation procedural coding.
Gaps to Address in Ecological Studies of Temperament and Physiology.

Ecology is a diverse field with many researchers interested in drivers and consequences of variability within populations. Two aspects of variability that have been addressed are behavioral and physiological. While these have been shown to separately influence ecological outcomes such as survival, reproductive success and fitness, combined they could better predict within-population variability in survival and fitness. Recently there has been a focus on potential fitness outcomes of consistent behavioral traits that are referred to as personality or temperament (e.g. boldness, sociability, exploration, etc.). Given this recent focus, it is an optimal time to identify areas to supplement in this field, particularly in determining the relationship between temperament and physiological traits. To maximize progress, in this perspective paper we propose that the following two areas be addressed: (1) increased diversity of species, and (2) increased number of physiological processes studied, with an eye toward using more representative and relatively consistent measures across studies. We first highlight information that has been gleaned from species that are frequently studied to determine how animal personality relates to physiology and/or survival/fitness. We then shine a spotlight on important taxa that have been understudied and that can contribute meaningful, complementary information to this area of research. And last, we propose a brief array of physiological processes to relate to temperament, and that can significantly impact fitness, and that may be accessible in field studies.
The impact of a relationship-building strategy on teachers’ perceptions of preschooler behavior: a 2 X 10 approach

This study examines the impact of the 2 × 10 relationship-building strategy (consisting of a two-minute conversation with a child once a day for 10 days). Participants were four preschool teachers ...
Three and Possibly Four Lessons About ERISA that We Should, But Probably Will Not Learn from Enron

This Article focuses on three particular shortcomings of the statute: ERISA sections 404(a)(2) and 407(b), which for defined contribution plans relax regulatory requirements restricting investment in stock of the sponsoring employer; ERISA section 404(c), which provides incentives for firms sponsoring defined contribution plans to shift responsibility for portfolio allocation to plan participants; and ERISA section 408(c), which expressly permits directors and employees of a plan's sponsor to serve as plan fiduciaries and implicitly permits them to make critical judgments on issues pitting the interest of the plan's sponsor (or the managing employees of the sponsor) against those of plan participants. The Article also takes a brief look at another problem with the statute (at least as it has been interpreted by the Supreme Court), which may yet become part of the Enron story: ERISA sections 502(a)(2) and (a)(3), which in many instances bar participants from securing make-whole remedies against individuals who participate in fiduciary breaches that harm them individually rather than harm the plan as a whole.
Deep Kernel Representation for Image Reconstruction in PET.

Image reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET) is challenging because of the ill-conditioned tomographic problem and low counting statistics. Kernel methods address this challenge by using kernel representation to incorporate image prior information in the forward model of iterative PET image reconstruction. Existing kernel methods construct the kernels commonly using an empirical process, which may lead to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we describe the equivalence between the kernel representation and a trainable neural network model. A deep kernel method is proposed by exploiting deep neural networks to enable an automated learning of an optimized kernel model. The proposed method is directly applicable to single subjects. The training process utilizes available image prior data to seek the best way to form a set of robust kernels optimally rather than empirically. The results from computer simulations and a real patient dataset demonstrate that the proposed deep kernel method can outperform existing kernel method and neural network method for dynamic PET image reconstruction.