cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration for IR measurements of OH in apatite

In this work, we have calibrated the infrared (IR) method for determining OH concentrations in apatite with absolute concentrations obtained through elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis. IR spectra were collected on oriented, single-crystal apatite samples using polarized transmission infrared spectroscopy. The weight percent H2O is 0.001199 ± 0.000029 (the error is given at 1σ level hereafter) times A / d , where A is the linear absorbance peak height measured using polarized IR when the light vector E is parallel to the c -axis of the apatite crystal, and d is the sample thickness in centimeters. This corresponds to a linear molar absorptivity, e = 470 ± 11 L/mol/cm−1. The calibration using linear absorbance can be applied when there is only one dominant peak at 3540 cm−1. If other peaks are significant, then the integrated molar absorptivity, e = (2.31 ± 0.06) ×104 L/mol/cm2, should be used. The detection limit of H2O concentration in apatite by IR approaches parts per million level for wafers of 0.1 mm thickness. The accuracy based on our calibration is 5–10% relative.
Communication Models for Computer-Mediated Information Systems

The article argues the relevance and utility of communication theory and models in the research, design and development of computer-mediated information systems. Toward this end, the underlying communication model of early management information systems (MIS), termed the information-transfer (IT) model, is derived. In particular, MIS are examined from seven aspects: epistemological and ideological bases, context, agents, problems addressed, nature and role of communication. The widely acknowledged failures of early MIS are traced to shortcomings of the underlying IT model. A model reflecting recent developments in communication theory is also presented, and state-of-the-art information systems are described and critiqued with reference to both communication models. The critique suggests directions for information-system development based on sounder communication theory.
Sterol Synthesis by Cells Cultured on Serum from Heat-Stressed Chickens.∗:

SummaryYoung chickens subjected to heat stress at 102°F for 24 hours elaborate a stress factor into their blood stream. When serum from these animals is used as an adjuvant in a serum-balanced salt solution medium, cells grown on this medium accumulate large numbers of small lipid droplets within their cytoplasm. The phenomenon is not related to substrate total fats, cholesterol or unesterified fatty acids. The droplet formation is associated with active cell growth and division and is not a function of degeneration. Evidence is presented to show that these droplets are, at least in part, steroid in nature and possibly cholesterol, and that they are produced intracellularly and escape by some means into the extra-cellular environment where they accumulate. They apparently are not used as metabolic substrate by the cells, but probably represent a by-product of the cell's altered lipid metabolism. It is possible that this type of phenomenon, functioning in vivo in animals under stress, may account in part f...
Combined regulatory effects of soybean protein isolate and fructooligosaccharide on human immune responses in vitro

To investigate the regulatory effects of soybean protein isolate/fructooligosaccharide mixture on human immune responses in vitro,human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were treated with soybean protein isolate/fructooligosaccharide mixture at different concentrations in vitro.Immune responses including ConA-triggered T lymphocyte proliferation ability,cytokine secretion,B lymphocyte differentiation and antibody production were evaluated.T lymphocyte proliferation ability was significantly elevated when stimulated by soybean protein isolate/fructooligosaccharide mixture at different concentrations(P0.05),but much lower than that upon ConA stimulation.The levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-12and IFN-γin the supernatant were remarkably higher after treatment by the mixture than those in non-treated groups(P0.05),and a dose-dependent increase in production of IL-12and IFN-γwas obvious.Percentage of both CD19+and CD19+CD138+B lymphocytes in total PBMCs increased when treated with low or medium concentration of the mixture,however,no obvious increase was observed in the group treated with high concentration of the mixture.Compared to the control group,IgG level was significantly upregulated in response to medium concentration of the mixture(P0.05)while the level of IgM in low-concentration-treated group was the highest(P0.05).Soybean protein isolate/fructooligosaccharide mixture thus exhibits enhanced immune regulatory roles in vitro through modulating both cellular and humoral immune responses.As the response pattern varied with the individual concentraion of soybean protein isolate and fructooligosaccharide in the mixture,it would probably suggest that segregated immunomodulatory effects of soybean protein isolate and fructooligosaccharide on either cellular or humoral immunity.
Streamlining the Stat Medication Process: An Interdisciplinary Quality Improvement Project

Inefficient medication use processes for stat orders jeopardize the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in treatment regimens and the quality and safety of care in the inpatient setting. Pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses expressed the need to reevaluate and standardize the stat medication process in order to achieve the hospital policy which states that medication orders written as stat should be administered to the patient within 30 min of the time that the order is written. A pre/post quality improvement project was completed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention on the turnaround time of the stat medication use process. Baseline data revealed that 3 % of stat medications observed achieved the 30-min turnaround time. Upon completing an analysis of modifiable root causes of delays, 40 frequently ordered stat medications were added to the automated dispensing cabinets. This effectively reduced the number of steps in our value stream map from nine steps to four steps without sacrificing any safety checks for the 40 medications. Stat medications that were not added still had to go through the previous nine-step process. Following the intervention, 22 % (p = 0.04) of all stat medication orders observed met the hospital turnaround time policy, which was statistically significantly improved from the baseline. Adding frequently ordered stat medications to the automated dispensing cabinets reduced the number of steps in the medication use process without sacrificing critical medication safety checks and led to an improvement in the turnaround time of stat medications.
Vaccine treatment using cultured autologous tumor cells in patients with recurrent, metastatic, or high-risk renal cell carcinoma

1247 Between 1991-2001 we attempted to produce tumor cell lines from patients with advanced kidney cancer [Dillman et al, Cancer Biother Radiopharm 16:47-54, 2001]. Here we report the results from treating 26 kidney cancer patients with their patient-specific whole tumor cell vaccines derived from the short-term autologous tumor cell lines. 100 million cells from successful short-term cell lines were irradiated, frozen in aliquots of 10 7 cells, then thawed and administered s.c. once a week for 3 weeks, then once a month for 5 months. Various adjuvants were co-administered with each vaccine including GM-CSF, interferon-γ, interferon-α, and BCG. Patients included 20 men and 6 women, 43-82 years of age (median 53). At the time of treatment, 17 patients had distant metastatic disease, 3 had regional extension or spread of disease, and 6 had a large primary lesion. Vaccine therapy was well tolerated. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests of 10 6 irradiated tumor cells, injected i.d. were positive in only 1/25 at week 0, but converted to positive in 6/19 of the DTH-negative patients who were retested at week-4. The objective response rate in patients who had measurable metastatic disease at the time of treatment was 0/15. With a median follow-up of > 5 years from date of DTH #1, median survival is 3 years, 5-year survival rate is 40%, and 11 patients are alive 3 to 12 years later. The 7 DTH+ patients survived a median of 2.5 years and 3 are still alive after 3, 4, and 7 years. One female patient who had lung, liver, and adrenal metastases had stable disease as her best response, subsequently had disease progression but remains alive more than 5 years later. The other 7 patients who survived more than 5 years had no measurable disease at the time treatment was initiated. This approach is feasible and the therapy is well tolerated; it would probably be best to limit further testing to patients with minimal tumor burdens, such as the adjuvant setting after primary treatment, or in patients with metastatic disease who can be rendered free of disease by surgery or systemic therapy.
Geographic Variation in Outpatient Health Care Service Utilization After Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Objective To assess whether travel distances between patients and providers predict the frequency in which outpatient health care services are accessed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Design A retrospective cohort study was carried out in South Carolina among employee health plan and Medicaid insurance recipients. Setting Research center. Participants Two years of outpatient claimant data were evaluated from patients (N=243) aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized between 2010 and 2012. Interventions Travel distances were estimated by geocoding provider and patient address information onto street network files. Main Outcome Measures Variation in service utilization use was assessed using negative binomial regression. Outpatient visits for physical medicine and rehabilitation, physician and specialty clinic, radiology, internal medicine, behavioral mental health, and "other" were evaluated. Results Longer travel distances were statistically significant predictors of decreased physician/specialty clinic (relative risk [RR]=.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], .79–.96) and physiotherapy (RR=.57; 95% CI, .46–.71) utilization, with mixed findings for other providers. Secondary analyses in which differences in service use were analyzed using census-defined classifications of urban and rural status did not demonstrate any geographic pattern. Conclusions There are significant geographic variations in the use of select outpatient services among SCI populations across the state that are related to longer travel distances. That these patterns were only visible when using travel distance models as opposed to census-based classifications of urban and rural status adds support to augmenting routine data collection and surveillance with spatial analytical models.
On Q -order and R -order of convergence

We give sufficient conditions for a sequence to have theQ-order and/or theR-order of convergence greater than one. If an additional condition is satisfied, then the sequence has an exactQ-order of convergence. We show that our results are sharp and we compare them with older results.
Structural Recognition of Immunoglobulins by Fcγ Receptors

Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated Fc receptor activation have long been an interest in both Fc receptor biology and antibody therapeutics. The structural efforts to elucidate antibody recognition by Fc receptors have led to the generation of several crystal structures of antibody Fc fragments complexed with Fc receptors. Collectively, these structures revealed a conserved receptor binding mode for IgG and IgE, distinct from those for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), protein A, and protein G. Fcγ receptor recognition in the lower hinge region allows enhanced antigen recognition through dimeric Fabs but obligates immune-complex formation for receptor activation. It also provides the basis for Fcγ receptors to differentiate among IgG subclasses. More recently, pentraxins have also been shown to bind and activate Fc receptors, and structural efforts to elucidate pentraxin Fcγ receptor recognition have revealed surprising similarities between pentraxins and immunoglobulins in Fc receptor recognition. This review summarizes the structural findings that formed the basis of modern antibody–Fc receptor biology and recent advances of shared Fc receptor recognition by innate pentraxins.
Judaism in the Culture of Modernism

Since the early 1960s there have been persistent discussions in articles and books presenting the idea that we have entered upon a new kind of mentality, or cultural style — the Culture of Modernism — and that we have been living with this kind of mentality without awareness of it, until now when we are beginning to recognize and objectify it. Are we indeed experiencing, participating in, and producing a new kind of culture, a kind of mentality which is being called Modernism?1
Clinical findings in right ventricular noncompaction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Background Noncompaction is a poorly understood form of cardiomyopathy that typically affects the left ventricle and may be associated with congenital heart disease. Right ventricular noncompaction (RVNC) may occur when the left ventricle is affected but is rarely seen in isolation. RVNC may have clinical significance affecting surgical and long-term outcomes. We describe the diagnosis and clinical course in three patients at our institution. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with RVNC over a 12-month period at our institution and reviewed their imaging and clinical course. Results Three patients were identified. All had diagnosis of RVNC by echocardiography (echo) made on postnatal imaging which reviewed degree of trabeculation, and noncompaction-to-compaction ratio of the myocardium. Patient A was a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent a Norwood operation with Sano modification. Her postoperative course was notable for low-normal RV function. She returned with a pericardial effusion warranting immediate pericardiocentesis. She continued to have effusions, which were medically managed. She was subsequently found to have an RV apical pseudoaneurysm, which required surgical resection. Patient B was a neonate with HLHS who had a Norwood operation with Sano modification. She had low-normal RV function on echo. She required medical management for pericardial effusion. Patient C was a neonate with HLHS who also underwent a Norwood operation with Sano modification. His postoperative course was notable for elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide, which was treated with digoxin. Conclusion RVNC is a rare diagnosis with limited known clinical impact. One of these patients had a very rare complication after pericardiocentesis (pseudoaneurysm) that may have been related to the RVNC. Our understanding of this disease process is limited and requires additional investigation, but emphasizes the importance of appropriate diagnosis to allow for timely follow-up and counseling for this unique population.
The PI3K pathway in human disease

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K pathway-targeted therapies have been tested in oncology trials, resulting in regulatory approval of one isoform-selective inhibitor (idelalisib) for treatment of certain blood cancers and a variety of other agents at different stages of development. In parallel to PI3K research by cancer biologists, investigations in other fields have uncovered exciting and often unpredicted roles for PI3K catalytic and regulatory subunits in normal cell function and in disease. Many of these functions impinge upon oncology by influencing the efficacy and toxicity of PI3K-targeted therapies. Here we provide a perspective on the roles of class I PI3Ks in the regulation of cellular metabolism and in immune system functions, two topics closely intertwined with cancer biology. We also discuss recent progress developing PI3K-targeted therapies for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Interactions between multiple supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei: a solution to the final parsec problem

Using few-body simulations, we investigate the evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies ($M_{\star}=10^{10}-10^{12}{\rm M}_{\odot}$ at $z=0$) at $0<z<4$. Following galaxy merger trees from the Millennium simulation, we model BH mergers with two extreme binary decay scenarios for the `hard binary' stage: a full or an empty loss cone. These two models should bracket the true evolution, and allow us to separately explore the role of dynamical friction and that of multi-body BH interactions on BH mergers. Using the computed merger rates, we infer the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB). Our dynamical approach is a first attempt to study the dynamical evolution of multiple SMBHs in the host galaxies undergoing mergers with various mass ratios ($10^{-4} < q_{\star} < 1$). Our main result demonstrates that SMBH binaries are able to merge in both scenarios. In the empty loss cone case, we find that BHs merge via multi-body interactions, avoiding the `final parsec' problem, and entering the PTA band with substantial orbital eccentricity. Our full loss cone treatment, albeit more approximate, suggests that the eccentricity becomes even higher when GWs become dominant, leading to rapid coalescences (binary lifetime $\lesssim1 {\rm ~Gyr}$). Despite the lower merger rates in the empty loss cone case, due to their higher mass ratios and lower redshifts, the GWB in the full/empty loss cone models are comparable ($0.70\times10^{-15}$ and $0.53\times10^{-15}$ at a frequency of $1~{\rm yr}^{-1}$, respectively). Finally, we compute the effects of high eccentricities on the GWB spectrum.
LearningPad Conundrum: The Perils of Using Third-Party Software and Student Privacy:

This case focuses on the potential problems associated with sharing personally identifiable information (PII) when students are required to use third-party software. Specifically, third-grade stude...
Proanthocyanidins: Chemistry and Biology

This chapter summarizes progress in the chemistry and biology of the proanthocyanidins, a diverse group of naturally occurring plant polyphenols, emphasizing results emanating from studies in the post-CONAP-I era. Besides defining the terms proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins, differentiating between the proanthocyanidins and the bi- through hexa-flavonoids, and describing the proper nomenclature of the proanthocyanidins, the review also describes the origin and role of the nucleophilic and electrophilic monomeric flavonoid moieties in the biosynthesis of the proanthocyanidins, as well as the numerous synthesis protocols aimed at the stereoselective access of, for example, the flavans and flavan-3-ols. The section covering the natural occurrence and chemistry of the A- and B-type proanthocyanidins is dominated by a comprehensive discussion of the siginificant efforts devoted to development of synthesis protocols targeting the procyanidins up to the undecamer level in quantities sufficient for assessment of their in vitro biological activities. Ample references are provided for readers interested in the class of compounds termed nonproanthocyanidins with flavan or flavan-3-ol constituent units, especially the black tea pigments and the ‘complex tannins’, the latter comprising the two major classes of tannins as constituent units. The conformation section discusses the conformational flexibility of the pyran heterocycle and isomerism due to restricted rotation about the interflavanyl bond axis. Several references are provided to permit access to the considerable influence of HPLC–MS analyses on the structure elucidation of proanthocyanidins, as well as their profound effects on human health and nutrition.
Witnesses' memory for events and faces under elevated levels of intoxication.

Research on alcohol and witness memory has burgeoned over the last decade. However, most studies have tested participants at relatively low breath alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, unrepresentati...
The electricity purchasing optimization model considering the trading space of interruptible load under the integration of electricity purchasing and selling

It is extremely essential for carrying out efficient electricity trading to research the integrated management of electricity purchasing and selling resources on the premise of power and electricity balance and safe and stable operation of the basic premise of the grid. This paper studies the intrinsic relationship between the purchase and sale of resources, and establishes the purchase' optimization model considering the trading space of interruptible load under the integration of electricity purchasing and selling resources, achieving the overall plan of purchase and sale resources, improving the level of optimal resource allocation, effectively reducing purchasing cost at peak blocks. At the same time, integrating sale resources into the original purchase plan meets the new direction of power transaction development under the new electricity market conditions, embodying the intelligent and interactive of modern grid. The case study shows that the model can effectively use sale resources to ease the contradiction between supply and demand and optimize the existing electricity purchasing plan.
Prey selection by age-0 walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in nearshore waters of the Gulf of Alaska

Juvenile walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, is the dominant forage fish on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Alaska, yet little is known about the feeding habits of this important interval of pollock life history. The taxonomic composition and size of prey found in the stomachs of age-0 juveniles collected at three nearshore locations in the Gulf of Alaska in September 1990 were compared to the composition and size of zooplankton collected in concurrent plankton tows. The maximum length of prey consumed increased dramatically over the length range of pollock examined (58–110 mm) from approximately 7 mm to 30 mm, due mainly to the consumption of large euphausiids and chaetognaths by the bigger individuals. The maximum width of prey changed little over this size range although there was a general increase in prey width with increasing predator size. The minimum prey length and width did not change with increasing fish size. Juvenile pollock generally selected the larger prey sizes relative to what was available. Juvenile pollock showed a marked preference for adult euphausiids and decapod larvae and an avoidance of copepods and chaetognaths relative to the numbers collected in net tows. These results are discussed relative to the feeding ecology of these juvenile fishes.
A COMMUNICATION MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE REAL-TIME SYSTEMS

Abstract Cooperative real-time systems in the areas of manufacturing, control, or office are characterized by the distribution of information between multiple cooperating partners. For the computer-based implementation of cooperative systems it is necessary to provide appropriate communication services that meet the specific communication requirements of the applications. In this paper we show how a modeling technique can be used to define a communication service that distributes files from the local file store of one sender to her or his cooperating partners. The technique we apply is a real-time extension of structured analysis. We follow the approach of stepwise refinement for developing the requirements model of the file distribution service. The functionality and semantics of the file distribution service are presented in detail by introducing its context diagram and the relevant diagrams for defining the data flow and the control flow. Finally we summarize our experience with both the modeling technique and the described model.
Diet Composition and Selection of Recently Reintroduced Elk in Missouri

Since elk (Cervus elaphus) were extirpated from eastern North America, they have been successfully reintroduced in numerous eastern states and one Canadian province. In forest-dominated areas, reintroductions of large ungulates can create potential for conflict with humans if elk select agriculture or private property to meet nutritional needs. We determined the seasonal diet selection of recently reintroduced elk in the Missouri Ozarks by comparing diet composition with availability of 12 forage classes. We measured diet composition using microhistological analysis of feces collected from June 2011 through February 2013, and we determined forage availability through vegetation sampling. Elk selected grains and cool-season grasses over all other forage classes across all seasons and years except during summer 2012 and fall 2012. Legumes were the most highly consumed forage class for all seasons and years. Native forbs were selected during summer and fall 2012 but were not selected during 2011. Approximately half (44.6%) of the annual elk diet was comprised of species cultivated in managed forage openings. Clover (Trifolium spp.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and common lespedeza (Kummerowia spp.) were the most prevalent species in the elk diet, indicating the importance of managed forage openings for the Missouri elk herd. However, during a drought in 2012 elk diet shifted to native species, likely because elk became more selective of forages that met their nutritional needs. In forest-dominated landscapes, where conflict with humans on privately owned land is possible, we recommend the creation of forage openings composed of cool-season grasses and legumes to increase forage availability for elk. We recommend management for natural open lands that promote native forbs and grasses given they provide a valuable food source when environmental conditions affect availability, nutritional quality, or palatability of cultivated forages and because cultivated forage openings are not always an option in some areas or over long time periods.
Machine Learning Based Prognostics of Fatigue Crack Growth in Notch Pre-cracked Aluminum 7075-T6 Rivet Hole

Constant stress amplitude fatigue tests were conducted on the notch pre-cracked Aluminum 7075-T6 rivet hole dog-bone coupons. Monitoring of visible surface crack length by special surface engraving using digital microscope images and by ultrasonic sensors signals was carried out to yield fatigue crack length measurements in relation to number of fatigue cycles applied. The experimental results provide ultrasonic sensor validation for fatigue crack length measurements. Fracto-graphic examination of failed fatigue surfaces has provided further confirmation of notch pre-crack length, crack initiation process, and crack growth marker bands. These experimental inputs were used in NASGRO and AFGROW software fatigue crack growth simulations. The simulation results did not match the crack initiation fatigue life measured by experiments. However, there was good agreement with crack growth simulations of larger cracks. Hence, we plan to develop a machine learning application that will learn the fatigue crack initiation and crack growth processes from data obtained from our own experiments and other fatigue data available from AFGROW databases. Nonlinear AutoRegressive models with eXogenous input (NARX) artificial neural network were used to predict crack growth longer than 5.0-mm. Particle filtering modeling with Bayesian updating was applied to these experimental data for prognostics of fatigue crack growth. A concept design and preliminary implementation results will be presented.
LEARNING IN A HEDONIC FRAMEWORK: VALUING BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION

Incomplete information in property value hedonic models can bias estimates of marginal willingness to pay (MWTP). Using brownfield remediation as an application, this article recovers hedonic values from a dynamic neighborhood choice framework that allows households to learn about brownfield contamination in a Bayesian fashion before choosing where to live. I find that ignoring learning yields nontrivial biases to the MWTP estimate. This has important implications for hedonic valuation if agents are imperfectly informed. Estimates are used to calculate information's value had it been withheld from the public and to assess heterogeneity in information's value along site and homebuyer demographics.
Atomic and electronic structure of domains walls in a polar metal

Polar metals counterintuitively bring two well-known phenomena into coexistence, namely, bulk polar displacements, and an electronic Fermi surface giving rise to metallic conduction. However, little is known about the polar domains or domain walls in such materials. Using atomic resolution electron microscopy imaging combined with first principles density functional theory, we show that uncharged head-to-tail walls, and ``charged'' head-to-head and tail-to-tail walls can exist in the bulk of such crystals of polar metals ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, where both structural changes at the wall as well as electrostatic considerations define the wall nature. Significant built-in potentials of 30--170 meV are predicted at such walls.
NEJM Knowledge+ Pain Management and Opioids — A New Adaptive Learning Module

The United States has seen a dramatic rise in opioid use and misuse during the past three decades. In 2017, more than 11 million persons reported misusing prescription opioid analgesics during the ...
Low Cost Metabolic Fuel Sensor for On-Demand Personal Health and Fitness Tracking

Abstract Metabolic health in the general population has declined significantly in just one to two generations despite increased emphasis on dieting and exercise. A challenge in prescribing a healthy diet and exercise regimen is the variability individuals exhibit in response to particular foods, calorie restricted diets and exercise regimens. This paper describes a prototype metabolic fuel sensor designed for ease of use and personal tracking of metabolic energy expenditure and fuel substrate utilization. Examples of the sensor measurements and potential applications to weight management and tracking of chronically high blood glucose are described.
Incidence trends of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in the aging population: A SEER based analysis from 2000-2016.

e18522Background: SCCHN is more prevalent in the elderly. As the United States population ages, it is increasingly important to evaluate the change in the incidence of SCCHN in this population. Met...
Service-Learning or Internship: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Experiential Learning Pedagogies

Experiential learning pedagogies, including internship and service-learning experiences, are becoming increasingly popular in higher education. An internship engages students with hands-on experiences that enhance their learning or skills within their fields of study. In contrast, service-learning is a type of experiential education in which students participate in service, typically within the community, and reflect on their involvement to gain further understanding of the discipline as well as its relationship to societal needs. To date, no study has directly compared these teaching modalities. Therefore, the present study systematically evaluated a service-learning experience against an internship experience using a mixed-methods model with the primary outcome being student self-efficacy. Sixteen exercise physiology students (13 females) completed a community-based wellness internship with a subgroup (nine students, 7 females) allocated to a service-learning component of internship designed to improve self-efficacy. At the end of the semester, students completed a 15-item online self-efficacy and satisfaction survey. Three focus groups were conducted in which 3-4 participants responded to a series of nine questions that explored their experience. Overall responses to the self-efficacy and satisfaction survey were favorable for both groups, but the internship group was more likely to agree or strongly agree with statements of self-efficacy. Focus groups found that the internship experience reinforced classroom learning, but the ability to work with different populations and ability levels was mentioned only by the service-learning group. Themes from reflective assignments, such as engaging with community members and professional exploration, were evident only in the service-learning group responses. Therefore, the findings indicate that service-learning reflection assignments successfully connect the service experience to relevant course outcomes promoting student development but may not improve self-reported self-efficacy beyond that of a typical internship experience.
Modeling the Uncertainty of Potential Impacts on Robust Stormwater Management from Neighborhood-Scale Impervious Cover Change: A Case Study of Population-Based Scenarios in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Cities increasingly face challenging regulatory requirements for their aging sewer systems. Population density and can contribute to changes in impervious cover that limit infiltration, expedite th...
Label-free imaging of lipid-rich biological tissues by mid-infrared photoacoustic microscopy.

Significance: Mid-infrared (IR) imaging based on the vibrational transition of biomolecules provides good chemical-specific contrast in label-free imaging of biology tissues, making it a popular tool in both biomedical studies and clinical applications. However, the current technology typically requires thin and dried or extremely flat samples, whose complicated processing limits this technology’s broader translation. Aim: To address this issue, we report mid-IR photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), which can readily work with fresh and thick tissue samples, even when they have rough surfaces. Approach: We developed a transmission-mode mid-IR PAM system employing an optical parametric oscillation laser operating in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 12 μm. Due to its high sensitivity to optical absorption and the low ultrasonic attenuation of tissue, our PAM achieved greater probing depth than Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thus enabling imaging fresh and thick tissue samples with rough surfaces. Results: In our spectroscopy study, the CH₂ symmetric stretching at 2850 cm⁻¹ (3508 nm) was found to be an excellent source of endogenous contrast for lipids. At this wavenumber, we demonstrated label-free imaging of the lipid composition in fresh, manually cut, and unprocessed tissue sections of up to 3-mm thickness. Conclusions: Our technology requires no time-consuming sample preparation procedure and has great potential in both fast clinical histological analysis and fundamental biological studies.
The effect of anti-Il-10 IgY on health and performance of preweaned dairy calves:

Cryptosporidium parvum infection is a nearly ubiquitous infection in dairy herds for which there are no approved treatments or vaccines available in the US. Therefore, oral administration of immunoglobulins to control enteric disease in calves is of significant interest. Antibodies survive gastrointestinal transit, are accessible in the intestinal lumen, and remain locally active without the risk of violative residues. Our research team previously demonstrated that calves fed anti-11-10 IgY in milk had higher fecal pH, reduced respiratory disease, and increased frame measurements. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to carry out a dose-response trial evaluating the effects of feeding 0.5x, 2.0x, and lx the dose from the original study on respiratory and gastrointestinal health, C. parvum oocyst shedding, and calf growth.
Application of Neural Networks for Heart Rate Monitoring

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of heart rate (HR) monitoring from photo-plethysmography(PPG) sensors, where artifacts caused by body movements drastically affect the quality of the measurement signal. The PPG signal is windowed into consecutive segments, and for each time-windows, a Butterworth bandpass filter is utilized to attenuate high-frequency noises. Then, the PPG signal is processed by using the singular spectrum analysis technique to obtain a smooth PPG signal. In order to remove artifacts caused by the physical activity of the subject, the 3-dimensional accelerometer signal is used as an auxiliary signal to detect the presence of motion artifact (MA). A new spectral subtraction approach is proposed for MA rejection. For the purpose of HR estimation from the PPG signal, a feature extraction method is performed, and neural network binary classifier is used to detect the most probable frequencies corresponding to the actual HR. HR estimations are passed through a Kalman filter to result in smooth and accurate HR estimations.
Diversity and complexity of mouse allergens in urine, house dust, and allergen extracts assessed with an immuno-allergomic approach.

BACKGROUND Mouse allergy is an important cause of indoor asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The major mouse allergen, Mus m 1, is a complex of homologous pheromone-binding lipocalins called major urinary proteins (MUPs). METHODS We analyzed the proteome of MUPs in mouse urine, commercial mouse epithelial extracts, and environmental samples using several approaches. These include as follows: two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting; liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS); multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry; and LC/HRMS analysis of glycans at the N-66 residue of MUP3. RESULTS Albumin is predominant in the extracts, while MUPs are predominant in urine. LC/HRMS of 4 mouse allergen extracts revealed surprising heterogeneity. Of 22 known mouse MUPs, only 6 (MUP3, MUP4, MUP5, MUP13, MUP20, and MUP21) could be identified with MRM using unique peptides. Assessment of MUP content in urine, extracts, and dust samples showed good correlation between MRM and other methods working with different detection principles. All 6 identifiable MUPs were found in electrophoretically separated urine bands, but only MUP3 and MUP20 were above LOQ in unseparated mouse urine, and only MUP3, MUP4, and MUP20 were found in mouse epithelial extracts. Glycan heterogeneity was noted among 4 individual inbred mice: of 13 glycan structures detected, 8 were unique to one mouse, and only 2 glycan modifications were present in all 4 mice. CONCLUSIONS Using mass spectrometry and MRM, mouse allergen extracts and urine samples are shown to be complex and heterogeneous. The efficacy and safety of commercial mouse allergen extracts will be improved with better controls of allergen content.
Russian Industrial Sector in August 2021: Shortage of Workers

The recommencing growth in demand increased the level of satisfaction with its volumes to 78% of the surveyed industrial enterprises. The dynamics of output lagging behind the growing demand and the logical caution in the context of the ongoing fight against coronavirus, keep manufacturers from filling warehouses of finished products. In the context of the pandemic crisis, the industry is experiencing challenges in replenishing stocks of raw materials. The shortage of personnel emerged early in Q3, forced enterprises to take measures in July-August to restore the recruitment of workers. The increase in the key rate by the RF Central Bank in July did not affect the rate on loans offered to the industry.
Transcript Profiles Differentiate Cold Acclimation-Induced Processes in a Summer and Winter Biotype of Camelina

Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is a short-season oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family that consists of both summer and winter annual biotypes. Winter biotypes require non-freezing cold conditions for acquiring freezing tolerance (cold acclimation) and floral initiation (vernalization). Transcriptome profiles of a summer (CO46) biotype with poor freezing tolerance after acclimation and a winter (Joelle) biotype with excellent freezing tolerance after acclimation were compared prior to and after an 8-week cold treatment to identify key molecular pathways and genes responsive to cold acclimation and vernalization and potentially associated with freezing tolerance. Gene-set enrichment analyses identified AraCyc pathways involved in photosynthesis and lipid and hormone biosynthesis that were different between the two biotypes. Sub-network enrichment analyses identified hubs of molecular networks such as circadian clock, flowering, and hormone and stress responsive genes that were likely involved in vernalization but may also overlap with cold-induced freezing tolerance. A microRNA involved in floral initiation (MIR172A) was identified as a central hub for microRNA targets among upregulated genes for Joelle post-acclimation. Combined results are generally consistent with many previously identified molecular pathways and genes acting together to control vernalization, cold acclimation, and freezing tolerance. Our research provides new insights into the regulation of cold acclimation and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cold tolerance and floral induction for the winter biotype Joelle.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT Urban Redevelopment: Allow County or Municipality to Offset Payment in Condemnation Proceedings by Amount of Existing Municipal or County Tax Liens, Including Special Assessment Tax Liens

The Act permits counties and local municipalities to offset the price they would normally pay for property condemned in an eminent domain proceeding by the amount of any existing special assessment tax liens on the property. The purpose of the Act is to encourage urban development by allowing municipal or county tax liens, including special assessment tax liens to be used to reduce the actual amount the county or municipality pays for the property.
Multidisciplinary Treatment for Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Does Institution Type Matter?

Background Improved survival of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing resection at high-volume centers has been reported. However, the effect of institution is unclear in stage IIIA NSCLC, where a variety of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies are used. Methods Treatment and outcomes data of clinical stage IIIA NSCLC patients undergoing resection as part of multimodality therapy was obtained from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate variables influencing 30-day mortality and overall survival. Results From 1998 to 2010, 11,492 clinical stage IIIA patients underwent resection at community centers, and 7,743 patients received resection at academic centers. Academic center patients were more likely to be younger, female, non-Caucasian, have a lower Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, and to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (49.6% vs 40.6%; all p Conclusions Stage IIIA NSCLC patients undergoing resection at academic centers had lower 30-day mortality and increased overall survival compared with patients treated at community centers, possibly due to higher patient volume and an increased rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
The bio-geometry of mollusc shells

The shells of gastropods and cephalopods grow by production of new material, by the mantle, at the lip of the shell. I derive a model of shell form that allows us to describe the morphology of a shell in terms of independently definable biological parameters. These are (1) the relative rates of shell production at different points around the aperture, (2) the total amount of shell produced per time interval, (3) the growth rate of the aperture, (4) aperture shape, and (5) the orientation of the animal within the shell. Describing shell form in these terms allows us to see what biological changes must occur in development in order to change one shell morphology into another and what constraints are associated with particular morphological transformations. The model shows that it is developmentally easy to derive a slightly coiled limpet shell from that of a high-spired ancestor, but difficult to take the next step to a fully conical limpet. Many, if not most, real gastropod shells are not conical but rather have a convex or concave profile. I show that these forms result from a decoupling of shell production rates from the growth rate of the animal within the shell. The model also shows how truly different forms, such as vermetid snails and heteromorph ammonites, escaped the confines of spiral growth–sometimes by rotating the body within the shell, and sometimes by taking up a growth strategy that does not constrain them to coil. This model is compatible with shell morphometric models that have been widely discussed in the literature but strives toward a different goal: understanding the relationships between the various biological processes involved in shell development.
Integer Programming Problems for Which a Simple Rounding Type Algorithm Works

In a remarkable paper, Bartholdi, Orlin and Ratliff solve a special case of integer programs by a very simple algorithm. Their idea is first to solve the corresponding linear program and from the resulting solution obtain an optimal solution to the integer program by doing a simple transformation. In this paper we study the conditions under which such a method can be applied.
Mechanism of Assembly of the Outer Membrane of Salmonella typhimurium SITE OF SYNTHESIS OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE

The site of synthesis of lipopolysaccharide has been investigated in cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions isolated by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation of the total membrane fraction from lysozyme-EDTA spheroplasts. Evidence that synthesis of O-antigen occurs exclusively in cytoplasmic membrane was obtained by pulse-chase experiments in vivo and by assay of biosynthetic enzymes in isolated membrane fractions. O-Antigen chains pulse-labeled in vivo with [14C]mannose appeared initially in cytoplasmic membrane, but were rapidly transferred to outer membrane during a subsequent chase with nonradioactive mannose. In accord, the specific activities of enzymes of O-antigen synthesis in isolated cytoplasmic membrane fractions were 15- to 30-fold greater than in outer membrane. The cytoplasmic membrane fractions were also enriched for glycosyltransferase activities involved in biosynthesis of the core region of lipopolysaccharide. However, unequivocal localization of core transferase enzymes in the isolated membranes was not possible since these activities were also found with soluble fraction, and secondary binding of soluble enzyme to both cytoplasmic and outer membrane was shown to occur during the isolation procedure. Evidence that the cytoplasmic membrane is the site of synthesis of the core region was derived from pulse-chase experiments in a mutant in which [14C]galactose is incorporated exclusively into the core portion of the polysaccharide. Over 90% of the [14C]galactose incorporated into lipopolysaccharide during a 1-min pulse was recovered in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. The mechanism of translocation of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane is unknown. Evidence suggesting that the process is not readily reversible was obtained in experiments in mutants with conditional defects in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Incomplete lipopolysaccharides incorporated into outer membrane during growth under nonpermissive conditions could not be completed following subsequent shift to permissive growth conditions.