cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial mediated changes in subsurface microbialcommunity assemblages and functions

Abstract. Groundwater ecosystems can host different habitats with unique microbial assemblages and functions. Although groundwater microbes are important to subsurface processes, little is known about the drivers of change in these communities. Illumina sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to examine whether different groundwater zones could have the same patterns of microbial community change over a two-year period. Five different groundwater zones from Hospital Hole, a stratified sinkhole in west-central Florida, were used in this study since they have been previously shown to host distinct microbial communities. Seasonal patterns of microbial community assemblages and potential metabolic functions were not identified in the sinkhole communities. Different physicochemical parameters correlated to microbial community change within each zone. Local hydrogeology appears to play an important role in subsurface microbial community change since Hurricane Irma and seasonal turnover events did not appear to cause a large perturbation in the microbial communities. Nutrient availability and local hydrogeochemistry appear to be important drivers of microbial community change in the subsurface.
Semi-Supervised Learning Approach to Discover Enterprise User Insights from Feedback and Support.

With the evolution of the cloud and customer centric culture, we inherently accumulate huge repositories of textual reviews, feedback, and support data.This has driven enterprises to seek and research engagement patterns, user network analysis, topic detections, etc.However, huge manual work is still necessary to mine data to be able to mine actionable outcomes. In this paper, we proposed and developed an innovative Semi-Supervised Learning approach by utilizing Deep Learning and Topic Modeling to have a better understanding of the user voice.This approach combines a BERT-based multiclassification algorithm through supervised learning combined with a novel Probabilistic and Semantic Hybrid Topic Inference (PSHTI) Model through unsupervised learning, aiming at automating the process of better identifying the main topics or areas as well as the sub-topics from the textual feedback and support.There are three major break-through: 1. As the advancement of deep learning technology, there have been tremendous innovations in the NLP field, yet the traditional topic modeling as one of the NLP applications lag behind the tide of deep learning. In the methodology and technical perspective, we adopt transfer learning to fine-tune a BERT-based multiclassification system to categorize the main topics and then utilize the novel PSHTI model to infer the sub-topics under the predicted main topics. 2. The traditional unsupervised learning-based topic models or clustering methods suffer from the difficulty of automatically generating a meaningful topic label, but our system enables mapping the top words to the self-help issues by utilizing domain knowledge about the product through web-crawling. 3. This work provides a prominent showcase by leveraging the state-of-the-art methodology in the real production to help shed light to discover user insights and drive business investment priorities.
A reaction-coordinate perspective of magnetic relaxation.

Understanding and utilizing the dynamic quantum properties of metal ions is the frontier of many next generation technologies. One property in particular, magnetic relaxation, is a complicated physical phenomenon that is scarcely treated in undergraduate coursework. Consequently, principles of magnetic relaxation are nearly impenetrable to starting synthetic chemists, who ultimately design the molecules that fuel new discoveries. In this Tutorial Review, we describe a new paradigm for thinking of magnetic relaxation in metal complexes in terms of a simple reaction-coordinate diagram to facilitate access to the field. We cover the main mechanisms of both spin–lattice (T1) and spin–spin (T2) relaxation times within this conceptual framework and how molecular and environmental design affects these times. Ultimately, we show that many of the scientific methods used by inorganic chemists to study and manipulate reactivity are also useful for understanding and controlling magnetic relaxation. We also describe the cutting edge of magnetic relaxation within this paradigm.
S-nitrosylation: spectrum and specificity.

Nitric oxide regulates a broad functional spectrum of proteins by S-nitrosylation. Specificity is conferred by acid–base and hydrophobic motifs that target critical cysteine residues and by protein–protein interactions that confine the signals in space.
The Dormant Foreign Affairs Power: Constitutional Implications for State and Local Investment Restrictions Impacting Foreign Countries

State and local pension funds have billions of dollars invested in global markets, and often use these assets to pressure foreign nations to change their human rights policies. Social investing practices and other non-social investment decisions impacting foreign nations may be impermissible incursions into the federal government's exclusive power over foreign policy under the Dormant Foreign Affairs Power, an implied constitutional restriction on state activity. This Note argues that in this era of global markets, a blanket prohibition against criticism of foreign nations does not allow states to fulfill their investment obligations. This Note calls for a flexible test to determine the constitutionality of state action—a test that considers the federal government's need for uniformity in foreign policy with the need of state governments to be global economic actors.
SOCS proteins regulate insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 activation in response to IL-4 and 13 in monocytes and macrophages (CCR5P.247)

Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease driven by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and -13. In macrophages, IL-4/13 bind IL-4 receptors, which signal through IRS-2/STAT6, inducing M2 differentiation. We found that IL-4/13 stimulation of human monocytes/mouse macrophages leads to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) of IRS-2, peaking at 60min and returning to baseline by 150min. Mechanisms that regulate IRS-2 activity and M2 differentiation are not understood. Based on rapid de-phosphorylation of IRS-2, we hypothesized that SOCS proteins regulate IL-4/13 induced IRS-2 activation, thereby limiting M2s. To address this, we tracked the kinetics of SOCS induction following IL-4/13 exposure and found that SOCS1 and CIS are highly induced in human monocytes and mouse macrophages, respectively, while SOCS3 is only moderately induced. By co-immunoprecipitation, we found that SOCS1 and CIS complex with IRS-2 in response to IL-4/13. Furthermore, we found that siRNA knockdown of SOCS1 and CIS prolonged IRS-2 pY and enhanced human and mouse M2 differentiation respectively. Since SOCS proteins complex with ubiquitin ligases to promote proteasomal degradation, we examined the effect of proteasome inhibitors on IL-4/13-induced IRS-2 pY. Proteasome inhibition prolonged IRS-2 pY and enhanced M2 gene expression. These findings identify SOCS1 in human and CIS in mouse macrophages as critical negative regulators of IL-4/13-induced IRS-2 activity/M2 differentiation and are novel therapeutic targets for asthma.
Dynamic approach for face recognition using digital image skin correlation

With the recent emphasis on homeland security, there is an increased interest in accurate and non-invasive techniques for face recognition. Most of the current techniques perform a structural analysis of facial features from still images. Recently, video-based techniques have also been developed but they suffer from low image-quality. In this paper, we propose a new method for face recognition, called Digital Image Skin Correlation (DISC), which is based on dynamic instead of static facial features. DISC tracks the motion of skin pores on the face during a facial expression and obtains a vector field that characterizes the deformation of the face. Since it is almost impossible to imitate another person's facial expressions these deformation fields are bound to be unique to an individual. To test the performance of our method in face recognition scenarios, we have conducted experiments where we presented individuals wearing heavy make-up as disguise to our DISC matching framework. The results show superior face recognition performance when compared to the popular PCA+ LDA method, which is based on still images.
PG27, an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii hook f, induces antigen-specific tolerance in bone marrow transplantation in mice.

PG27, an active fraction purified from an extract of a Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii hook f, was used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a murine model. Lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) recipients of B10.D2 (H-2(d)) donor grafts were given daily intraperitoneal injections of PG27 (40 mg/kg per day) for the first 35 days after transplantation. Control mice were given daily injections of solvent vehicle (Ethanol and Cremophor EL). All the control recipients (15/15) died of GVHD within 90 days, but all the recipients given prophylactic treatment with PG27 (15/15) survived beyond 100 days without any signs of GVHD. Furthermore, the GVHD-free recipients were used as donors, and their bone marrow and spleen cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated normal BALB/c (same party) or lethally irradiated normal C3H (H-2(k), third party) mice. Although 10 of 10 same-party recipients survived more than 100 days without any signs of GVHD, 10 of 10 third-party C3H recipients died of GVHD within 40 days. Further studies of PG27 in the murine BCL1 leukemia/lymphoma model demonstrated that animals treated with PG27 partially retained the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect of the graft without GVHD. These results suggest that treatment with PG27 induces host-specific tolerance and retains the GVL effect of allogeneic marrow grafts. (Blood. 2000;95:705-710)
Combined cavernous compression device and arteriovenous-cavernous fistula: a chronic canine model.

AbstractIn 5 dogs studied over a 3-month period, we evaluated the chronic effects of the combination of deep dorsal vein arterialization with implantation of an inflatable venous compression device.The device was placed around the proximal corpora cavernosa, sparing the left dorsal artery. A left-to-right, end-to-side dorsal artery-dorsal vein fistula was fashioned, and the right dorsal vein was anastomosed to the corpus cavernosum as an end-to-side venocorporeal window. From postoperative day 15, the device was activated twice a day for 3 months. Intracavernous pressure (bilateral) and left dorsal artery blood flow were monitored, and the patency of the anastomoses was evaluated by vascular clamping, arteriography, cavernosography and microscopic dissection.The device was well-tolerated, requiring no anesthesia during activation. (A sixth dog developed glanular hyperemia and priapism and was excluded from evaluation.) With cuff inflation, the intracavernous pressure was significantly higher on the experi...
Classification Theorem for Smooth Social Choice on a Manifold

A classification theorem for voting rules on a smooth choice space W of dimension w is presented. It is shown that, for any non-collegial voting rule, σ, there exist integers v*(σ), w*(σ) (with v*(σ)<w*(σ)) such that 1.(i) structurally stable σ-voting cycles may always be constructed when w ⪴ v*(σ) + 1 2.(ii) a structurally stable σ-core (or voting equilibrium) may be constructed when w ⪴ v*(σ) − 1 Finally, it is shown that for an anonymous q-rule, a structurally stable core exists in dimension n−2/n−q, where n is the cardinality of the society.
An object-oriented knowledge-based approach for formulating applied general equilibrium models☆

This paper proposes and illustrates an object-oriented, knowledge-based approach to formulate Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) models. In this framework, an AGE model is viewed as a collection of structured objects from the real world such as economic agents and prices. A frame representation of major objects in AGE models for world trade is presented. This representation can be used as the structure of a model base in a loosely coupled intelligent modeling system. In such a system, constructing an AGE model appears to be an intuitive rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem at hand rather than mathematical notation.
Complete regression of metastases following chemotherapy.

Disseminated solid malignancies are seldom controlled for long periods by the use of chemotherapy. Far-advanced cancer of the colon has rarely been controlled by the use of chemicals. One of the patients in this report with pulmonary metastases is free of disease at the present time and completely rehabilitated. He received multiple regimens of 5-fluorouracil but has not received drug for the past 4 years. Long-term control of metastatic embryonal cell carcinoma of the testicle has been reported, and this 7-year survival without disease was treated with triple chemotherapy. The causes for these complete regressions are considered.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Light Restriction on Body Weight and Semen Production of Breeder Male Turkeys

Abstract The relationships of dietary protein, body weight gain, prebreeder light restriction, age at the start of semen production, and semen volume were studied. Large White breeder male turkeys were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing the following percentages of protein at different age intervals: Treatment A, 26% (8 to 12 weeks), 19% (13 to 18 weeks), 15% (19 to 52 weeks); Treatment B, 26% (8 to 12 weeks), 19% (13 to 18 weeks), 8% (19 to 52 weeks); Treatment C, 17% (8 to 28 weeks), 8% (29 to 52 weeks); Treatment D, 17% (8 to 18 weeks), 8% (19 to 52 weeks). Body weights at 18, 28, and 52 weeks of age were: Treatment A, 11.8, 20.8, and 21.7 kg; Treatment B, 11.4, 15.1, and 17.8 kg; Treatment C, 9.2, 20.0, and 20.7 kg; Treatment D, 9.1, 11.8, and 15.0 kg. The effects of 6 hr light: 18 hr dark (restricted light) were compared with 12 hr light: 12 hr dark (full light) during the prebreeder period (18 to 28 weeks of age). All turkeys received 14 hr light: 10 hr dark from 29 to 52 weeks of age. With full light, 50% of the turkeys were producing semen at 29 weeks and 100% at 32 weeks. With restricted light, 50% of the turkeys were producing semen at 32 weeks and 100% at 34 weeks. Turkeys fed Treatments A, B, C, and D reached 50% production at 28, 30, 29, and 32 weeks, respectively, and all turkeys were producing semen at 35 weeks. The average semen volume per ejaculate for weeks 34 to 52 were: .35, .34, .34, and .25 ml for Treatments A, B, C, and D, respectively; and .34 and .31 ml for full and restricted light, respectively. Treatments B and D reduced body weight gain after 18 weeks of age. However, Treatment B had better semen production than Treatment D. There was no advantage to restricted light during the prebreeder period.
Hydrostatic pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature to 7 GPa in Bi2Ca1Sr2Cu2O8+y as a function of oxygen content

Abstract The dependence of the superconducting transition temperature T c on hydrostatic pressure to 7 GPa has been measured on Bi 2 Ca 1 Sr 2 Cu 2 O 8+ y single crystals for three different oxygen concentrations using a diamond-anvil cell and highly densified helium as pressure medium. In all three cases, a markedly nonlinear behavior in T c ( P ) is observed. Whereas the increasingly oxygen-rich samples with T c (0) = 88 K and 80 K both show an initial increase in T c at the rate dT c / dP = + 1.2 K / GPa followed by maximum in T c ( P ) at 1.5 GPa and 4 GPa, respectively, the oxygen-poor sample with T c (0) = 54 K exhibits little change in T c to 1.5 GPa, followed by a downward step and slow decrease at higher pressures. A markedly different pressure dependence T c ( P ) is observed if no pressure medium is used so that the anvils press directly onto the sample. It is not possible to account for the present results using a simple charge-transfer model.
Institutional Theory and Corporate Sustainability: Determinant Versus Interactive Approaches

Institutional theory has shifted from determinant to interactive arguments in recent decades, and sustainability scholarship reflects this change. In this article, I consider whether this shift is empirically justified. I review the use of both determinant and interactive arguments in sustainability research and test two sets of competing hypotheses regarding the likelihood of adoption of sustainable practices. Through logistic regression analysis of a sample of 391 U.S.-based firms, I find no support for hypotheses grounded in determinant arguments, but strong support for hypotheses based on interactive arguments. The results of this study offer implications for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.
Religion and College Athletics: Antecedents and Consequences of Student-Athletes' Perceived Religious Well-Being

AbstractThis study explored whether or not college athletic programs allow opportunities for the religious development and well-being of Christian student-athletes, and sought to identify factors that potentially relate to student-athletes’ religious well-being. This sample included seven Christian, former student-athletes from a major, Division-1 athletic program in the South. Participants were interviewed and themes were identified. Results suggest that participants had no expectations for athletic departments with regard to their religious well-being, but the administration still indirectly created a positive culture towards religious expression. Participants’ religious well-being was closely connected to specific athletic, academic, and social influences and outcomes. Managerial and legal implications associated with religion in public institutions are discussed. Future research should further examine the identified influences and outcomes in this research related to religious well-being and how to fo...
Quaternary palaeolakes in the evolution of semidesert basins, with special emphasis on Lake Bonneville and the Great Basin, U.S.A.

Abstract This paper reviews attributes of Quaternary lakes and lake basins which are often important in the environmental prehistory of semideserts. Basin-floor and basin-closure morphometry have set limits on palaeolake sizes; lake morphometry and basin drainage patterns have influenced lacustrine processes; and water and sediment loads have influenced basin neotectonics. Information regarding inundated, runoff-producing, and extra-basin spatial domains is acquired directly from the palaeolake record, including the littoral morphostratigraphic record, and indirectly by reconstruction. Increasingly detailed hypotheses regarding Lake Bonneville, the largest late Pleistocene palaeolake in the Great Basin, are subjects for further testing and refinement. Oscillating transgression of Lake Bonneville began about 28 ka, the highest stage occurred about 15 ka, and termination occurred abruptly about 13 ka. A final resurgence of perennial lakes probably occurred in many subbasins of the Great Basin between 11 and 10 ka, when the highest stage of Great Salt Lake (successor to Lake Bonneville) developed the Gilbert shoreline — and when the Russell shoreline formed 500–600 km away, in the Carson Desert of the Lake Lahontan basin. The highest post-Gilbert stage of Great Salt Lake, which has been one of the few permanent lakes in the Great Basin during Holocene time, probably occurred between 3 and 2 ka. A set of eighteen general observations regarding geologic aspects of the palaeolake record in semidesert basins is helping to guide Quaternary studies in the Great Basin.
Adjunctive Triple Chronotherapy (Combined Total Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Phase Advance, and Bright Light Therapy) Rapidly Improves Mood and Suicidality in Suicidal Depressed Inpatients: An Open Label Pilot Study

Previous studies have demonstrated that combined total sleep deprivation (Wake therapy), sleep phase advance, and bright light therapy (Triple Chronotherapy) produce a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in acutely depressed individuals. To date no studies have explored the impact of the intervention on unipolar depressed individuals with acute concurrent suicidality. Participants were suicidal inpatients (N = 10, Mean age = 44 ± 16.4 SD, 6F) with unipolar depression. In addition to standard of care, they received open label Triple Chronotherapy. Participants underwent one night of total sleep deprivation (33-36 h), followed by a three-night sleep phase advance along with four 30-min sessions of bright light therapy (10,000 lux) each morning. Primary outcome measures included the 17 item Hamilton depression scale (HAM17), and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), which were recorded at baseline prior to total sleep deprivation, and at protocol completion on day five. Both HAM17, and CSSRS scores were greatly reduced at the conclusion of the protocol. HAM17 scores dropped from a mean of 24.7 ± 4.2 SD at baseline to a mean of 9.4 ± 7.3 SD on day five (p = .002) with six of the ten individuals meeting criteria for remission. CSSRS scores dropped from a mean of 19.5 ± 8.5 SD at baseline to a mean of 7.2 ± 5.5 SD on day five (p = .01). The results of this small pilot trial demonstrate that adjunctive Triple Chronotherapy is feasible and tolerable in acutely suicidal and depressed inpatients. Limitations include a small number of participants, an open label design, and the lack of a comparison group. Randomized controlled studies are needed.
Chemical reaction dynamics of some simple molecules in solution

Solvent is a critical component of reactive processes occurring in solutions. Examples of solvent effects in charge shifting (CIO − →CI − O), vibration–rotation interactions (HgI) and geminate dynamics following disulphide bond dissociation are described.
Simultaneous depth-resolved imaging of sub-nanometer scale ossicular vibrations and morphological features of the human-cadaver middle ear with spectral-domain phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography

We describe a novel method for the detection of the tiny motions of the middle ear (ME) ossicles and their morphological features with a spectral-domain phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) and its variations are the most extensively used methods for studding the vibrational modes of the ME. However, most techniques are limited to single point analysis methods, and do not have the ability to provide depth resolved simultaneous imaging of multiple points on the ossicles especially with the intact eardrum. Consequently, the methods have the limited ability to provide relative vibration information at these points. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using PS-OCT for simultaneous depth resolved imaging of both vibration information and morphological features in a cadaver human middle ear with high sensitivity and resolution. This technique has the potential to provide meaningful vibration of ossicles with a vibration sensitivity of ~0.5nm at 1kHz acoustic stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of depth-resolved vibration imaging of ossicles with a PS-OCT system at sub-nanometer scale.
Optical studies of pulsed-laser fragmentation of biliary calculi

The fragmentation of gallstones and kidney stones using pulsed visible laser radiation has recently been demonstrated; however, the fragmentation mechanism is not well understood. The temporal and spectral characteristics of the bright flash of light accompanying fragmentation of gallstones were studied using 0.8 and 360-μs-long, 690-nm-wavelength, dye-laser pulses. Time-resolved visible emission spectra show a broad continuum upon which line spectra are superimposed. The continuum emission is due to free-free and free-bound electron transitions indicative of a plasma and the line spectra are due to neutral and ionized calcium. Initiation of this plasma is fluence rather than intensity dependent. A model is proposed in which laser energy is coupled to the plasma, which then impulsively expands, generating intense acoustic transients which fracture the stone.
A Theoretical Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Universal Reserve Requirements

This paper provides an appropriate framework to evaluate the impact of the universal reserve requirements called for by the new DIDMC Act of 1980. We derived the optimal reserve ratios for a dual banking system under the objective of controlling the monetary aggregates and the level of output. Then optimal reserve requirements were calculated from illustrative money market and macroeconomic parameters since the usual comparative statics were not useful. The results, generally, suggested optimal reserve ratios which were significantly higher than the old dual or the new universal reserve regimes for all targets. However, the calculation of values for the loss functions under various reserve regimes suggests that attainment of rl*, r2*, and t* may not be imperative, since the discrepancy between losses for optimal and various nonoptimal reserve schemes were not large. A major result of this paper, observed for both monetary and real targets, was that the differences in the instability of the targets for the old dual reserve ratios and the Fed's new universal reserve scheme were small. This result clearly suggests that although the DIDMC Act may solve the Federal Reserve's membership problem, it will not significantly enhance the Fed's effectiveness in controlling monetary or real sector aggregates. FOR 30 YEARS, THE Federal Reserve has argued for and finally obtained legislation that would force nonmember state chartered commercial banks to satisfy the same level of reserve requirements which nationally chartered banks satisfy. Until the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 (DIDMC), reserve requirements for nationally chartered commercial banks were more burdensome than state requirements because they were higher and satisfied only with vault cash and deposits with the Fed.' The Federal Reserve's quest for universal reserve requirements became more intense in the late 1970s with the erosion of Reserve membership accelerating due to the increasing opportunity costs of Fed memberships; see [3]. By the middle of 1980, the percentage of commercial banks belonging to the Fed had declined to 39 percent compared with 45 percent at the end of 1966. Arthur Burns [4] argued that the Fed's declining membership eroded its ability to control the money supply because the existence of dual reserve requirements decreased the predictability of the relationship between bank reserves and the relevant monetary aggregate.
Monodromy and the structure of the energy spectrum of hydrogen in near perpendicular electric and magnetic fields

We examine the energy spectrum of hydrogen in weak near-perpendicular electric and magnetic fields using quantum computations and semiclassical analysis. The spectral structure is displayed in a lattice constructed by plotting the difference between total energy and first order energy versus first order energy, for all states of a given principal quantum number n. We have used classical perturbation theory to derive three approximate constants of the motion. Quantization of the resulting approximate actions produces a corresponding lattice in agreement with our quantum calculations. For some field arrangements, one of the actions is an intrinsically multivalued function of the constants of the motion. This produces defects in the lattices and signifies the presence of a classical phenomenon called monodromy. The presence of monodromy in the case of exactly perpendicular fields was previously predicted by Sadovskii and Cushman. Our quantum calculations and independent semiclassical analysis confirm their prediction, and show that the presence of monodromy not only persists into near-perpendicular fields, but also assumes other manifestations over a wider range of field strength ratios. We find that in near-perpendicular fields the structure of the spectrum is divided into six distinct parameter regions, which we characterize by the presence and type ofmore » lattice defect.« less
Carry-over effects of winter habitat quality on en route timing and condition of a migratory passerine during spring migration

We examined how conditions prior to migration influenced migration performance of two breeding populations of black-and-white warblers Mniotilta varia by linking information on the migrant's winter habitat quality, measured via stable carbon isotopes, with information on their breeding destination, measured via stable hydrogen isotopes. The quality of winter habitat strongly influenced the timing of migration when we accounted for differential timing of migration between breeding populations. Among birds migrating to the same breeding destination, males and females arriving early to the stopover site originated from more mesic habitat than later arriving birds, suggesting that the benefits of occupying high-quality mesic habitat during the winter positively influence the timing of migration. However, male warblers arriving early to the stopover site were not in better migratory condition than later arriving conspecifics that originated from poor-quality xeric winter habitat, regardless of breeding destination. The two breeding populations stopover at the study site during different time periods, suggesting that the lower migratory condition of early birds is not a function of the time of season, but potentially a migrant's migration strategy. Strong selection pressures to arrive early on the breeding grounds to secure high-quality breeding territories may drive males from high-quality winter habitat to minimize time at the expense of energy. This migration strategy would result in a smaller margin of safety to buffer the effects of adverse weather or scarcity of food, increasing the risk of mortality. The migratory condition of females was the same regardless of the timing of migration or breeding destination, suggesting that females adopt a strategy that conserves energy during migration. This study fills an important gap in our understanding of the linkages between winter habitat quality and factors that influence the performance of migration, the phase of the annual cycle thought to be limiting most migratory bird populations.
The coelomic elements of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus and Centrostephanus). VI. Cellulose-acetate membrane electrophoresis.

Abstract 1. 1. Electrophoretic patterns of proteins and acid mucopolysaccharides found in cell-free coelomic fluid and extracts of ceolomic cells of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, S. purpuratus , and Centrostephanus coronatus differed according to the urchin species. Most of the proteins were PAS-positive. 2. 2. In cell-free coelomic fluid, echinochrome A (6-ethyl-2,3,7-trihydroxynaphthazarin) is bound to one or more PAS-positive proteins, according to the urchin species. The same proteins occur in echinochrome-free fluids. In cell extracts echinochrome occurs in PAS-positive proteins that also have an acid-mucopolysaccharide moiety. 3. 3. Purified echinochrome A conjugated with the proteins ovomucoid and calf-thymus histone, and with macromolecules in fresh cell-free sea-urchin coelomic fluid. It did not conjugate with bovine gamma globulin, or with molecules in concentrated coelomic fluid.
Therapeutic durability of the male transobturator sling: midterm patient reported outcomes.

Purpose: The male transobturator AdVance™ sling is a viable option for mild to moderate post-prostatectomy incontinence. As this treatment is relatively new, our study provides an analysis of efficacy through patient reported outcomes and pad use.Materials and Methods: A telephone survey and chart review were conducted on all patients receiving a sling before 2010 by either of 2 surgeons at a large academic institution. The survey included the Patient Global Impression of Improvement and Severity instruments, pad use characteristics before and after sling surgery, and items assessing durability of efficacy. Patient determined (subjective) success was very much or much better on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement without subsequent incontinence therapy. Quantitative success was defined as a decrease to 2 or fewer pads per day. We assessed therapeutic durability in a subanalysis of patients interviewed twice, first in a prior study.Results: From initial office followup to 2 years, quantitative suc...
Electron States in Ferromagnetic Iron. II. Wave-Function Properties

The wave functions produced by a new band calculation for ferromagnetic iron are examined by computing from them charge and spin densities both at the nuclear position and at other positions throughout the unit cell. Excellent agreement is achieved between the measurable experimental and theoretical quantities, namely, charge and spin densities, the isomer shift, and the hyperfine field. It is shown that the earlier interpretation of neutron-diffraction data and the pressure dependence of the hyperfine field in favor of a negative polarization of the $4s$ states is not soundly based. From our consideration of the band contribution to the hyperfine field, the $4s$ electrons are found to be positively polarized.
Electric vehicles in multi-vehicle households

Abstract The suitability of an electric vehicle of a given range to serve in place of a given conventional vehicle is not limited by the daily travel over distances within that that range, but rather by the occasional inconvenience of finding alternative transport for longer trips. While the frequency of this inconvenience can be computed from usage data, the willingness of individual users to accept that replacement depends on details of available transportation alternatives and their willingness to use them. The latter can be difficult to assess. Fortunately, 65% of US households have access to the most convenient alternative possible: a second car. In this paper we describe an analysis of prospective EV acceptance and travel electrification in two-car households in the Puget Sound region. We find that EVs with 60 miles of useful range could be acceptable (i.e. incur inconvenience no more than three days each year) to nearly 90% of two-car households and electrify nearly 55% of travel in those households (32% of all travel). This compares to 120 miles range required to achieve the same fraction of electrified travel via one-for-one replacement of individual vehicles. Even though only one third of personal vehicles in the US may be replaced in this paradigm, the ‘EV as a second-car’ concept is attractive in that a significant fraction of travel can be electrified by vehicles with modest electric range and virtually no dependence on public charging infrastructure.
Further characterization of the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene administration upon hepatic ribonucleic acid polymerase activities

Abstract The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) to rats results in a marked increase in the specific activities of hepatic RNA polymerases I and II. In the present study, we were able to show that this increase was not caused by a shift in the ratio of ‘free’ to ‘template-engaged’ RNA polymerase. By means of binding studies with [ 3 H]amatoxin, we were unable to demonstrate any increase in the number of RNA polymerase II molecules in liver after MC administration to the rats. RNA polymerase I was purified in excess of 3000-fold from hepatic nuclei isolated both from control and MC-treated rats. The stimulation in activity was demonstrated at each step in the purification scheme until glycerol sedimentation analysis. Results from cation-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose indicated that the polycyclic hydrocarbon increased the enzyme activity of RNA polymerase I b somewhat specifically. Subsequent to glycerol gradient centrifugation, this stimulatory advantage was no longer evident. Reconstitution experiments revealed the presence of a stimulatory component, which was demonstrated in low molecular weight fractions from both control and experimental preparations.
Fluid motions in the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. III: Active region flows from wide slit Dopplergrams

Large-scale velocity patterns observed in C IV in active regions show close correspondence with photospheric magnetic field patterns. In a large majority of cases, magnetic neutral lines show blueshift on their sun center side and redshift on their limbward side. The large-scale flow is consistent with widespread loop structure having downflow in both legs of the loops. Studies of individual bright loops, confirm that the flow is downward in most cases. However, an important subset of loops show flow from one end of the loop to the other.
Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide Adsorption to Soil Organic Matter

Abstract The adsorption and mobility of pyrethrins (Pys), the major insecticidal components obtained from the pyrethrum daisy Tanacetum cinerariifolium, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a pyrethrum synergist, were determined in soil using batch-equilibrium and reverse-phase thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Two soil management practices were used, soil mixed with yard waste compost (COM) at 50 t acre−1 on dry weight basis and no-mulch (NM) bare soil. Adsorption isotherm experiments were carried out using known concentrations of Pys (Py-I and Py-II) and PBO mixed with known amounts of COM or NM soil at constant temperature and pressure until equilibrium was attained. Pys and PBO in soil extracts were purified and concentrated using solid-phase extraction cartridges containing C18-octadecyl bonded silica. Pys and PBO residues were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector. Adsorption studies showed that compost amended soil adsorbed more Pys and PBO than native (...
Role of Aconitate Isomerase in trans-Aconitate Accumulation in Plants

Wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) grown on single salt solutions were analyzed for trans-aconitate and aconitate isomerase to determine the possible relationship between them and to determine if they might be related to the incidence of grass tetany. The trans-aconitate activity at the end of a two-day growth period and changes in trans-aconitate activity during this period varied widely and were related to the cation but not the anion of the single salt solution. Aconitate isomerase activity did not vary as much as trans-aconitate or change in trans-aconitate content, and was not closely correlated with the trans-aconitate content. Analysis of diverse species and tissues for aconitate isomerase and trans-aconitate showed that the presence of aconitate isomerase was necessary for appreciable trans-aconitate accumulation. We conclude that the activity of aconitate isomerase does not control trans-aconitate content but that its presence is necessary for any significant accumulation of trans-aconitate.
Use of antianxiety agents in anxious outpatients

The present paper reviews the role of antianxiety agents in the treatment of nonpsychotic anxious patients. Major emphasis is placed on findings from clinical trials conducted by this research group. Consideration is given to the relative efficacy of available antianxiety agents, to patients response in relation to patterns of symptomatology, and to the degree of symptom relief experienced by drug-treated anxious patients. Also discussed are some of the many nonspecific factors that affect improvement with drug treatment in general and with the benzodiazepines in particular. It is concluded that many anxious patients are not currently receiving adequate drug treatment, and may require longer periods of drug therapy or supplemental nondrug intervention.
Storage Stability Study of Salicylate-based Poly(anhydride-esters).

Storage stability was evaluated on a biodegradable salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) to elucidate the effects of storage conditions over time. The hydrolytically labile polymer samples were stored in powdered form at five relevant storage temperatures (−12 °C, 4 °C, 27 °C, 37 °C, 50 °C) and monitored over four weeks for changes in color, glass transition temperature, molecular weight, and extent of hydrolysis. Samples stored at lower temperatures remained relatively constant with respect to bond hydrolysis and molecular weight. Whereas, samples stored at higher temperatures displayed significant hydrolysis. For hydrolytically degradable polymers, such as these poly(anhydride-esters), samples are best stored at low temperatures under an inert atmosphere.
Determination of strain variability of Microsporum canis to disinfectants

The isolated infected hair model is a commonly used technique to test the fungicidal efficacy of topical therapies and/or disinfectants against Microsporum canis. Results from various laboratories have differed and it is unclear if they are due to methodology and/or strain variability. The objective of this study was to look for strain variability of M. canis to disinfectants. Ten strains of M. canis were used in this study. Infected hairs and crusts were soaked and processed in order to remove and isolate ectothrix spores. Eight dilutions of the following disinfectants were tested: Virkon® S, (Antec International Ltd, Suffolk, UK), chlorhexidine, lime sulfur, enilconazole and bleach. Sterile distilled water was used as a control. An equal volume of spore suspension and disinfectant solution were incubated for 5 min and then plated onto Mycosel fungal culture plates (Mycosel Agar, Becton Dickinson, Cockeysille, MD, USA). Fungal cultures were counted at days 7 to 10. Fungal culture data was evaluated using an end-point dilution at which there was 100% fungicidal activity, i.e. no growth on the plates. The 10 samples showed identical results. Chlorhexidine and Virkon® S were ineffective even when used at 4× the manufacturer’s recommended dilution. Lime sulfur (1:33), enilconazole (20 µL mL−1), and bleach (1:10) were consistently effective when used at the recommended dilution. In addition, lime sulfur and enilconazole were 100% fungicidal even when the recommended concentration was diluted 1:4 or 4× as dilute as recommended. In conclusion, using isolated infective spores of M. canis we were unable to detect strain variability to commonly used disinfectants. This study was funded by the Winn Foundation and the SVM Companion Animal Research Fund.
Statistical regression models for predicting the swelling pressure of compacted expansive soils

AbstractThis study used 10 different soil samples to calibrate and validate two new linear regression models (M1 and M2) that use initial placement conditions and index properties to predict swelling pressure. These models were created through numerous t-tests that eliminated statistically insignificant independent variables from the final models. The absolute error of each model was calculated between the predicted swelling pressure and the actual swelling pressure values. The absolute errors of these models were then compared with the absolute errors of the models discussed in the literature that use congruent independent variables for predicting the swelling pressure. When strictly comparing the model fit measure (adjusted R2), M2 resulted in the best fit. However, when comparing the absolute prediction error of each model, M1 appeared the most accurate of the 14 models considered. In addition, M1 is the most user friendly of the new models because it is a linear model with easily estimable independent...
Effect of Hybridization on the Primary Polydipsic Trait of an Inbred Strain of Mice

A NON-OBLIGATORY polydipsia which is reflected in. the excretion of large quantities of urine of low specific gravity has been found in more than 90 per cent of an inbred strain, of mice (STR/N)i–3. It appears to be due to an innate thirst, the satisfaction of which is entirely unnecessary for survival. It is present in mild degree at the earliest ages studied (4 weeks), and is greatly accentuated at about 6 months of age. There is an associated high mortality in males due to the combined presence of polyuria and a urethral plug. The latter was found in almost all male mice of all strains examined, and is probably derived from seminal fluid.
Fate and effects of Composition B in multispecies marine exposures

The vast majority of investigations into the bioavailability and toxicity of explosives to receptors in aquatic environments has focused on deriving toxicity metrics for discrete chemical exposures to single species using pure compounds at relatively high concentrations. This study assessed the environmental fate and potential for biological effects of a common military formulation, Composition B, under more realistic exposure scenarios (e.g., those that more closely simulate a breached artillery round or residual exposure following a low-order detonation). We used a novel approach incorporating multiple species and toxicity endpoints in sediment exposures over a 34-d exposure period. Composition B fragments exposed at the sediment surface rapidly released 2,4,6-trinitrotolune (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the overlying water column. In comparison, burial of fragments resulted in dramatically reduced exposure, bioconcentration, and toxicity. The addition of a conservative flow rate to the aquaria also reduced water and tissue concentrations by factors of two to three. Although the exposure system likely represented a worst-case scenario relative to most conditions found in coastal and estuarine environments, overlying water concentrations generally did not approach known toxicity thresholds, while porewater concentrations were sufficiently elevated above toxicity thresholds immediately adjacent to the fragments, limiting hazardous exposure only to very localized scales. Bioconcentration correlated closely with observed toxicity and was either not detectable (buried), or low (exposed), as is expected based on the low hydrophobicities of TNT and RDX.
Spatial distribution of lightning associated with low-shear thunderstorm environments in the central Appalachian region

Differential heating, the preferential warming of terrain by insolation based on its gradient and aspect, has been observed to play an instrumental role in thunderstorm formation in weak flow regimes. In this study, spatiotemporal cluster analysis was used to group total lightning observations into likely thunderstorms, which were then categorized into lightning-defined (LD) storm modes. Flashes associated with the 351 LD single-cell storms identified were then imported into a geographic information system to compare their frequency against the presence of east- and south-facing surfaces with above-average gradients, termed “enhanced diurnal heating surfaces” (EDHSs). The influence of EDHSs on LD single-cell total lightning and storm frequency was examined via a series of pooled t-tests at eight different spatial scales. The results indicate that EDHSs possessed a significantly greater frequency of LD single-cell storms, 37.6% greater than non-EDHSs, with the relationship best observed at a 15-km resoluti...