cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Lymphocyte Proliferation Data: Do Different Approaches Yield the Same Results?

We addressed whether different approaches to the treatment of lymphocyte proliferation data influence the interpretation of results. We focused on two specific issues: (1) the impact of using optimal concentrations of mitogen versus a repeated measures approach using all concentrations and (2) the impact of correcting for unstimulated wells, and the method chosen for doing so. First, analysis of only the optimal concentration yields the same results as using a repeated measures approach. Second, uncorrected stimulated data, difference scores, and statistical control of unstimulated values all yield identical conclusions. The stimulation index, however, frequently yields different outcomes than the other approaches. We discuss reasons for these differences, note that the equivalence between repeated measures and optimal concentration techniques is limited to studies predicting suppression of proliferation irrespective of concentration, and suggest situations when the various approaches to analysis be used.
Duplication with variation: Metameric logic in evolution from genes to morphology

This paper discusses the use of duplicated structures in evolution. Duplication, followed by variation and modification of function, has been a major strategy from the time of the early biological molecules to the evolution of advanced morphological complexity. Evolution by duplication with variation produces a hierarchically structured organizational logic based on nested segments, or metameres. The genome is itself largely structured in this way by the process of gene duplication. Duplicate genes often maintain related function and even chromosomal arrangement, and the expression of those related genes may be coordinated, often by regulatory genes, which are themselves the products of gene duplication. The morphology of complex metazoan organisms has evolved in a metameric way from early in evolution, by the use of repeat units in histology and repeated morphological segments. Recent advances in genetics have shown that there is a direct correspondence between these morphological structures and metameric structures in the genome, suggesting how complex morphology was produced by evolution at the gene level. Examples from invertebrates and vertebrates show that homologous processes are involved in morphogenesis in both groups, with strictly homologous developmental genes retaining very similar function and regulation. These issues are highly relevant to an improved understanding of macroevolution and to the core questions of biological anthropology. The evolution of dental morphology is discussed as an example.
Thickness limits for coatings deposited by direct-current cracking of vapors.

On fait passer un courant direct de l'ordre de quelques milliamperes par cm 2 a travers la vapeur entre 2 electrodes
Increased performance with increased personal control: A self-presentation interpretation

Abstract Past research has found that allowing people a choice of task materials sometimes increases performance on the task. A self-presentation interpretation for this effect was tested and supported in two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects performed better on a paired-associate learning task when allowed to select some of the words for the test, but only when they believed the experimenter would know of their choice and their performance. In Experiment 2, subjects performed better on what they believed was a cognitive abilities test when allowed to select the test, but again only when they believed their performance would be known by those who were aware of the choice. It was concluded that providing increased control over a task often results in increased concern for self-presentation that may lead to a better performance on the task.
Pancreatitis: A Complication, a Concomitant, or a Cause of an Anorexia Nervosalike Syndrome

Abstract A 12-year-old male with apparent anorxia nervosa was found to have concurrent pancreatitis of unknown etiology. The anorexia was primarily manifested by a refusal of all oral intake. For two months prior to psychiatric hospitalization, the patient complained of intermittent abdominal pain. Occasionally, during the daily nasogastric tube feedings, the patient complained of postprandial mid-epigastric discomfort. A gradual increase in intensity, duration, and frequency of this pain with the associated onset of nausea and vomiting prompted further investigation which revealed chronic pancreatitis. The diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Changes in immunohistochemical properties of beta-adrenergic receptors in frog erythrocytes by isoproterenol-induced desensitization.

Abstract Immunohistochemical properties of beta-adrenergic receptor (BAR) in frog erythrocytes have been studied by using antiserum raised against purified guinea pig BAR. Immunoblotting of frog erythrocyte membranes with the anti-BAR serum revealed prominent staining of a protein with Mr of 65,000–67,000. BARs present in intact frog erythrocytes were made visible by incubation with the anti-BAR serum and then goat-anti rabbit IgG conjugated with colloidal gold. About 50–60% of the cells showed small, punctate dots by staining with the anti-BAR serum. After 4 hr exposure of the cells to isoproterenol, the density of the staining was markedly increased. Labeling of BAR after permeabilization of erythrocytes with saponin was markedly enhanced in isoproterenol-desensitized, but not in control cells. The BARs present in cytoslic fraction of desensitized cells migrated in the void volume of Sepharose-4B and were effectively labeled by a lipophilic BAR ligand capable of penetrating the cell membranes, but not by a hydrophilic ligand. Thus, isoproterenol-induced desensitization is associated with alteration of the immunoreactivity of BAR. Moreover, our immunochemical and biochemical data provide further evidence for the internalization of BAR in desensitized frog erythrocytes.
Designing work environments to influence productivity

Features of the work environment can be designed to contain cues for performance standards, thereby influencing productivity on the job. This paper explores the importance of normative information for motivation and how it can be designed into the workplace in order to promote more efficient job behaviors.
Comparison of arthrographic findings of the temporomandibular joint with palpation of the muscles of mastication

Abstract Two hundred five patients were examined for temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction and specifically for tenderness to muscle palpation. Arthrograms were performed on 222 joints (188 unilateral and 17 bilateral). Significant findings were ascertained for the middle portion of the temporal muscle in “normal” patients versus “with and without meniscus reduction” patients. The superficial masseter muscle was more tender in “normal” patients and in “reducing meniscus” patients than in “without meniscus reduction” patients. The medial pterygoid muscle was more tender in “normal” patients and in “without meniscus reduction” patients than in “reducing meniscus” patients. Though there are some significant findings with respect to muscle palpation, by itself muscle palpation is not a specific indicator of temporomandibular joint internal derangement.
Tumor-host interaction: analysis of cytokines, growth factors, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian carcinomas.

The host-tumor interaction may play an important role in determining tumor progress. Recent studies have shown that this interaction can be influenced by the release of soluble factors by tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The aim of our study is to characterize the nature of cytokines and growth factors and their relationship to the cellular infiltrates in 16 patients with ovarian cancer using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Total RNA from 20 malignant and 10 benign specimens were used to assay for expression of 12 cytokines. Additionally, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to detect T cells, CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell subtypes, B cells, and macrophages. Our results showed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 19, 17, and 10 malignant specimens, P < .001, .001, and .05, respectively. Other cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta/LT, IL-2, and IL-6 were expressed in a few cases, and IL-1alpha and IL-4 expression were not detected. The benign samples did not express IL-10, but GM-CSF, TGF-beta1, and IL-8 were expressed in one, one, and four specimens, respectively. Interestingly, in four cases in which samples from the primary and relapse tumors were available for analysis, the tumors in relapse showed a significant increase for TGF-beta1 (P < .05) and a decreased trend in IL-10 mRNA levels. The source of these factors was tumor cells as detected immunohistochemically. This combined alteration of TGF-beta1 and IL-10 was associated with a significant reduction in number of TIL in general, and CD8+ and macrophages in particular (P = .036 and .049, respectively). Our findings suggest the important role of certain soluble factors in the complex process of tumor progression. Furthermore, understanding the tumor-host relationship and the factors influencing the interaction may be helpful in developing effective and innovative treatment methods.
Where are the thresholds for biological effects of non-endogenous low frequency, low intensity electric and magnetic: Fields?: Introduction to a "Mini Symposium": Definition of the problem

A number of laboratory experiments have shown in vitro and in vivo biological effects of very low intensity exogenous electric and magnetic fields. Intensities are so low that one would expect the applied signals to be submerged by organism generated electrical noise. In many cases calculated values of the induced electric fields are even below thermal noise. Some epidemiological studies suggest possible health effects at even lower field intensities. The magnitudes of the fields under discussion are specified and some of the problems encountered in developing models and explaining effects are introduced.
About the Doctrine of “Solidarism” in Social Economics

The origin of “social solidarism” as a doctrine seems to be in France. Pierre Leroux (1797–1871) is credited with being the first who attached an ethical significance to the otherwise juridical expression of solidarism. Charles Gide, who himself belonged to the French solidarist movement, in his book (co‐authored with C. Rist), Histoire des Doctrines Economiques (1909), described the solidarist school as being influenced by the works of Leon Bourgeois, Pierre J. Proudhon, Charles Secretan and others.
Engineering a β‐Helical d,l‐Peptide for Folding in Polar Media

β Helices—helices formed by alternating d,l-peptides and stabilized by β-sheet hydrogen bonding—are found naturally in only a handful of highly hydrophobic peptides. This paper explores the scope of β-helical structure by presenting the first design and biophysical characterization of a hydrophilic d,l-peptide, 1, that forms a β helix in methanol. The design of 1 is based on the β-hairpin/β helix—a new supersecondary that had been characterized previously only for hydrophobic peptides in nonpolar solvents. Incorporating polar residues in 1 provided solubility in methanol, in which the peptide adopts the expected β-hairpin/β-helical structure, as evidenced by CD, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), NMR spectroscopy, and NMR-based structure calculations. Upon titration with water (at constant peptide concentration), the structure in methanol (1 m) transitions cooperatively to an extended conformation (1 w) resembling a cyclic β-hairpin; observation of an isodichroic point in the solvent-dependent CD spectra indicates that this transition is a two-state process. In contrast, neither 1 m nor 1 w show cooperative thermal melting; instead, their structures appear intact at temperatures as high as 65 °C; this observation suggests that steric constraint is dominant in stabilizing these structures. Finally, the 1H NMR CαH spectroscopic resonances of 1 m are downfield-shifted with respect to random-coil values, a hitherto unreported property for β helices that appears to be a general feature of these structures. These results show for the first time that an appropriately designed β-helical peptide can fold stably in a polar solvent; furthermore, the structural and spectroscopic data reported should prove useful in the future design and characterization of water-soluble β helices.
Factors affecting flavour release and uptake in O/W emulsions:II. Stirred cell studies

Summary Transport of organic solutes was investigated in stirred diffusion cells at 24 ± 1°C. Release rates of n-alcohols (C3-C8) from vegetable oil to water increased as chain length increased. The data were correlated satisfactorily with a modification of the Mayers correlation, in which transport is controlled by eddy diffusion. The permeability of the stagnant oil interfacial film was estimated from these data and compared with literature values of in vivo membrane permeabilities. To our surprise, no measurable uptake of cholesterol by vegetable oil was observed over 500 hr. Release rates of C8 from silicone oils (linear polydimethysiloxanes) decreased by less than one order of magnitude when oil viscosity was increased from 48 to 93,000 cP, in contradiction to a Mayers correlation prediction. Release rates of C6 from hydrogenated vegetable oils decreased by one order of magnitude when the solid fat index was increased from 0 to 66. In all cases the presence of aqueous sodium sulphate or Tween 60 altered the transfer rates only because of the resultant oil-water partition coefficient alteration.
Interaction of a Dimeric Mitochondrial Precursor with Phospholipid Vesicles: Direct Association of Each Subunit with the Membrane Is Required for Loss of Functionality

Abstract Binding of the precursor to mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase to anionic phospholipid vesicles results in the loss of catalytic activity, apparently due to the inability of the bound protein to undergo the conformational transitions required for catalysis [A. Berezov, A. Iriarte, and M. Martinez-Carrion (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22222–22229]. Light scattering and electron microscopy analysis indicate that presequence-dependent binding of the precursor leads to extensive vesicle aggregation brought about by their cross-linking through interaction of each of the two presequences of this dimeric protein with separate vesicles. To evaluate the possible contribution of this aggregation to the properties of the bound protein, we analyzed the membrane interaction of a hybrid dimer containing a single presequence peptide. This dimer still binds to vesicles but does not cause aggregation. The properties of the bound hybrid are intermediate between those of the free and bound homo-precursor dimer with only the presequence-carrying subunit showing alterations in its structural and functional properties. These results indicate that the conformational perturbation of the mature moiety of lipid-bound precursor is caused by the direct interaction of each subunit with the membrane through its own N-terminal presequence peptide.
Direct observations of silver nanoink sintering and eutectic remelt reaction with copper

Ag nanoink sintering kinetics and subsequent melting is studied using in situ synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction. Direct observations of Ag nanoink sintering on Cu demonstrate its potential for materials joining since the Ag nanoink sinters at low temperatures but melts at high-temperatures. Results show low expansion coefficient of sintered Ag, nonlinear expansion as Ag densifies and interdiffuses with Cu above 500 °C, remelting consistent with bulk Ag, and eutectic reaction with Cu. The results demonstrate the usefulness of Ag nanoink as a high-temperature bonding medium.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography: overview and development status

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has emerged as the most likely successor to 193-nm lithography. We provide a technical overview of EUV lithography and a discussion of the advantages of EUV lithography over alternative technologies. The key challenges in developing EUV exposure tools for high-volume production are discussed. A brief assessment is given of the cost of ownership of EUV lithography in comparison with 193-nm immersion lithography.
Comparative analysis of physical stress responses in soybean seedlings using cloned heat shock CDNAs

Soybean seedlings were subjected to a wide range of physical (abiotic) or environmental stresses. Cloned cDNAs to heat shock (hs)-induced mRNAs were used to assess whether these diverse stresses induced the accumulation of poly(A)RNAs in common with those induced by hs. Northern blot hybridization analyses indicated that a wide range of stress agents lead to the accumulation of detectable levels of several of the hs-induced poly(A)RNAs; the relative concentration of those RNAs ‘induced’ by the wide range of stress agents (e.g. water stress, salt stress, anaerobiosis, high concentrations of hormones, etc.), was generally in the order of 100-fold lower than that induced by hs. There are two notable exceptions to that pattern of response to the stress agents. First, arsenite treatment resulted in accumulation of the ‘hs poly(A)RNAs’ to levels similar to those induced by hs. Cadmium also induced a somewhat normal spectrum of the ‘hs poly(A)RNAs’, but generally lower levels accumulated than in hs- and arsenite0treated tissues. Second, one set of poly(A)RNAs which are present at low and variable levels in control (non-stressed tissue) tissue, and which are increased some 5- to 10-fold by hs, increased in relative concentration in response to a wide range of the stress agents similarly to the response to hs. The physiological significance of the accumulation of this set of poly(A)RNAs (which translate into four electrophoretically different 27 kd proteins) is not known, but they certainly seem to serve as a monitor (or barometer) of physiological stress conditions. Cadmium treatment results in the accumulation of those same poly(A)RNAs and an additional band of higher molecular weight poly(A)RNA homologous to the same hs cDNA clone (clone pCE 54). Ethylene seems to have no obvious causal relationship to the hs response, even though hs-treated seedlings display some symptoms similar to those exhibited by ethylene-treated seedlings.
Fatty acid composition of brain glycerophospholipids in peroxisomal disorders.

This paper shows for the first time the differential fatty acid composition of ethanolamine plasmalogens (EP) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the brains of 12 patients with disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis and compares the results to normal values for the age. Other important glycerophospholipids (GPL), such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), are also included in this study. GPL were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and their fatty acid composition was determined by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. Total brain GPL were slightly decreased in peroxisomal disorders (27.98±2.95 μmol/g in the patients against 34.5±6.21 μmol/g in age-matched controls, P=0.005), and the distribution of the different GPL classes was much altered. In confirmation of known data, EP were very much decreased (2.18±1.3 μmol/g in the patients against 6.9±2.3 μmol/g in controls) at the expense of PE, which was increased (8.58±2.17 μmol/g in the patients against 5.97±0.58 μmol/g in controls, P<0.005). PS and PC were both significantly decreased (P=0.0001 and P=0.037, respectively). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of all the GPL fractions was markedly abnormal. In absolute terms, docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6n−3) was drastically decreased in all GPL classes (always at the P<0.0001 level) while arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) was increased in PE and PS (P<0.001 in both cases). In the alkenyl acyl form, EP, 22∶6n−3, and 20∶4n−6 were both very significantly decreased (P<0.0001), although the former was always the most affected. The myelin PUFA adrenic acid (22∶4n−6) was decreased in EP (P<0.0001) and slightly increased in PS (P<0.05). The changes found confirm that 22∶6n−3 deficiency is a predominant defect in the brain in peroxisomal disorders.
Development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) library for Medicago sativa

Abstract Expressed sequence tag ( EST) libraries for alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L . ) were developed from two cDNA populations derived from full sibs from a cross between ‘Riley’ and the glandular-haired germplasm, KS224. Sibs where sorted into two populations based on the presence or lack of both long- and short-stalked glandular hairs. Glandular hairs have been associated with resistance to pests in alfalfa. Each cDNA population was enriched using the second population as the driver in cDNA subtraction. The differential expression of the majority of the randomly selected cDNAs was verified via reverse Northern hybridization. However, not all sequenced cDNAs were detectable using reverse Northerns, possibly due to their low relative abundance. Fifty-five percent of the ESTs sequenced from the eglandular-haired pool, versus 40% for the glandular-haired cDNA pool, had homology to earlier identified plant genes. When ESTs were compared with the EST database alone, 64% of the 210 glandular-haired ESTs that had no sequence homology to the non-redundant database, also were unique to all plant ESTs sequenced to date. This was twice the percentage for eglandular-haired ESTs. The systematic analysis of ESTs from this study serves as a tool to identify genes regulating development of glandular trichomes and the resistance to insects associated with them.
Pain during mammography: characteristics and relationship to demographic and medical variables

Reports of pain during mammography show that there is great variability in both the incidence of reported pain (0.2-62%) and the intensity of that pain. Much of that variability may be due to the measures used to rate mammography pain. This is the first study that has examined the incidence, quality and intensity of mammography pain using a variety of pain measures. A sample of 119 women undergoing screening mammography was studied using four pain scales, three well-validated measures frequently used in the pain research literature as well as a pain/discomfort measure frequently reported in the radiology literature. A large proportion (up to 91%) of women report having some degree of pain during mammography. The intensity of that pain was typically in the low to moderate range, but a small proportion of women (< 15%) reported intense pain. The incidence of reported pain was related to the pain measure used. Pain measures that provided a woman with many options for reporting pain were associated with a higher incidence of pain than a scale that provided only one or two options. Thus, some of the variability in reported incidence of pain during mammography can be explained by the pain scale used in the study. Demographic and medical variables could explain 18-20% of the variance in mammography pain. Two of the variables that were shown to consistently predict a painful mammographic experience were (1) average pain at the last mammogram and (2) breast density. This study demonstrated that the pain measure selected for use in a particular study may depend on the population being studied. A college education was found to be an important predictor of pain scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Thus, this pain measure may be of limited usefulness in studying a population of women with little formal education.
Pseudoparticles from solitons

It is shown that pseudoparticles can be derived from solitons. A transformation is found between the finite-energy solutions of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon theory and the special class of collinear finite-action solutions of an SU(2) gauge theory in Euclidean space.
Possible mechanisms for epididymal sparing during testicular ischemia

Abstract Objectives. Although extensive research has been conducted on the normal anatomy and physiology of the epididymis, the effects of ischemia on the organ have not been primarily investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic effects of prolonged ischemia on the epididymis and the factors that may contribute to its resistance to ischemia. Methods. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 rats/group) were studied. Groups 1, 2, and 3 underwent a sham operation of 4, 8, and 12 hours, respectively, and groups 4, 5, and 6 underwent 4, 8, and 12 hours of ischemia, respectively. The ipsilateral testes and epididymides were monitored throughout the experiment. At the conclusion of the experiment, bilateral orchiectomy was performed, and structures were histologically evaluated. Results. There were no abnormal macroscopic findings of the bilateral epididymides of groups 1, 2, and 3 or of the contralateral, control epididymides of groups 4, 5, and 6. Macroscopically, there was a direct correlation between the length of ischemia and the degree of hemorrhagic discoloration of the proximal caput. The degree of hemorrhagic infiltration noted microscopically was consistent with the macroscopic observations. The epithelia of the ischemic epididymides remained intact with numerous microvilli. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that the epithelium of the epididymis is relatively resistant to ischemic damage compared with the gonad during testicular ischemia.
A decrease in opioid tone amplifies the luteinizing hormone surge in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats: comparisons with progesterone effects.

It is well known that the estrogen-induced LH surge in ovariectomized (ovx) rats is invariably far less in magnitude than the preovulatory LH surge or that induced by progesterone (P) in estrogen-primed ovx rats. Recent studies show that a decrease in hypothalamic inhibitory opioid tone by the neural clock (NC) is responsible for the induction of the preovulatory LH surge on proestrus. Therefore, we hypothesized that the diminished LH response in estrogen-treated ovx rats may be due to an inadequate reduction in opioid tone. To test this hypothesis the effects of transiently decreasing the opioid tone with an opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone (NAL), on LH secretion in estrogen-primed, short term (5 days) and long term (4 weeks) ovx rats were examined. NAL (2 mg/h) was infused iv from 1100–1400 h on day 2 in rats receiving either sc implants (two, 15 mm each) filled with 17β-estradiol (300 μg/ml in oil) or sc estradiol benzoate (EB; 10 μg/ret) injections at 1000 h on day 0. For comparison of NAL- and P-...
Solubilities of solids in supercritical fluids - II. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) + CO2/cosolvent

A new quasistatic technique has been presented in a previous paper [G. Anitescu, L.L. Tavlarides, J. Supercritical Fluids (1997)] [1] and employed to obtain solubilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the pure supercritical fluids (SCFs) carbon dioxide and ethane. This paper extends the method to determine the solubilities of PAHs in the solvent/cosolvent SCFs. The equipment and procedure were modified to include a precise cosolvent delivery system. Extensive solubility data of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and perylene in the SCFs CO2/C2H6, CO2/C3H8, CO2/n-C4H10 and CO2/MeOH are presented at 313 and 333 K in a pressure range of 100–350 bar for mole fractions of the cosolvent of 0.05 and 0.10. Solubilities of phenanthrene in CO2/C2H6 at 313 K were performed for the entire range of SCF compositions. In terms of the absolute magnitude of solubility, the CO2/cosolvent power increases for the studied systems related to pure carbon dioxide in the order CO2/ethane (16–30%)<CO2/propane (24–56%)<CO2/n-butane (35–79%)<CO2/methanol (66–84%).
Stimulation and suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in normal human fibroblasts by high density lipoprotein subclasses.

Abstract Plasma concentrations of high density Iipoproteins 3 (HDL 3 ), a subclass of HDL, are relatively constant, while those of HDL 2 are variable. We report that HDL 2 suppress, while HDL 3 stimulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity in normal human fibroblasts. HDL 3 , which contained no detectable HDL 2 or low density lipoproteins, stimulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity 2-fold from 60 to 120 pmol/mg per min. The induction, which exhibited saturation kinetics with maximum stimulation at 150 μg HDL phospholipid/ml medium, occurred only in the late-log and stationary phases of cell growth and was abolished by 0.1 mM actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Apolipoprotein HDL 3 did not stimulate enzyme activity, whereas the total lipid extract of HDL 3 was about 1.7 times more potent than were the native HDL 3 in stimulating enzyme activity. HDL 2 consistently suppressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in normal fibroblasts by 20–50% at 80 μg HDL 2 protein/ml. Mixtures of HDL 2 and HDL 3 suppressed when HDL 2 were greater than 35% of the total HDL. The suppressive effects of HDL 2 were abolished by treatment with 0.1 M cyclohexanedione and restored by regeneration of arginyl residues, suggesting an apolipoprotein-mediated suppressive mechanism. The total lipid extract of HDL 2 stimulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reudctase 2-fold at 3 μg lipid phosphorus/ml. Moreover, HDL 2 and HDL 3 both stimulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in receptor-negative fibroblasts. HDL 2 have both the ability to suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in cells which possess low density lipoproteins receptors and to activate the enzyme in receptor-negative cells. These results show that variations in culture conditions and differences in the proportions of HDL subclasses must be considered in the interpretation of studies investigating cellular responses to HDL.
Measurements of H-beta, He D3, and Ca/+/ 8542-A line emission in quiescent prominences

Measurements of H-beta, He D3, and Ca(+) 8542-A line emission in 18 quiescent prominences are presented which were performed with a 25-cm coronagraph/coude spectrograph system and an optical multichannel analyzer utilizing a Si-vidicon detector assembly mounted at the single-pass spectrograph port. The data obtained show that the line profiles deviate in the wings from those calculated on the basis of an isothermal atmosphere and a Gaussian absorption coefficient. Both a non-Gaussian microturbulence component and a temperature gradient from prominence-core to coronal values can successfully account for this phenomenon. The line widths from a given line of sight of prominence material are reduced on the basis of a common core emitting region with a temperature of 7500 to 11,600 K and a microturbulent velocity of 4.5 to 7.1 km/s for the isothermal model (these values are 5% to 10% less for the two-temperature model). It is noted that long-period low-amplitude oscillations in the D3 line width and intensity were observed when a specific line of sight in a quiescent prominence was followed. These oscillations are found to remain coherent for as many as 3 or 4 cycles and to be associated with prominence structural activation.
Chemical treatment of dioxin residues from wastewater processing

Abstract Alkaline dechlorination has been used for remediation of contaminated soils and oils. This paper discusses use of dechlorination for treatment of sludge and activated carbon resulting from wastewater treatment. Concentrated water treatment residues containing dioxin and other halogenated compounds were obtained from a European industrial wastewater treatment plant. These residues were treated under laboratory conditions using chemical dechlorination. Concentrations of dioxins and other contaminants were reduced by as much as 99.99% during treatment.
King Car and the Ethics of Automobile Proponents’ Strategies in China

This paper examines the ethics of government policies and automobile industry strategies as China rapidly adopts the automobile on a widespread basis. It begins by looking at the context of auto adoption in America in the twentieth century and then contrasts this with the situation in China today. It next analyzes government and auto company strategies along three moral criteria and concludes that current strategies are consistent yet ethically wrongful. In the end, it recommends the abandonment of current antiquated harm-inducing strategies in favor of new approaches incorporating innovative technologies that account for local preferences.
An In-Service Alternative to the Summer Institute Program

that of serving one's country. How far the wheel has turned in the years since the abolition of the old-fashioned College Boards! How different foreign language teaching today from the year I began French, in Grade VII! I still remember our teacher saying there was only one thing he expected us to learn that term, and if we learned it our reward would be an honor grade. We were to rattle off fifteen verb forms, which I later discovered were the past participles, in verse form, of the fifteen verbs normally conjugated with 8tre. I hadn't the faintest idea of why I was learning them, but because my delivery was so rapid I began my learning of French with a most undeserved and ridiculous "A plus." Fortunately I have seen nothing like that in recent years and trust I never will! But my experience, believe it or not, is all too tragically the truth. DAVID M. FELDMAN AND BARBARA SCHINDLER
Corrigendum to "BAPJ69-4A: a yeast two-hybrid strain for both positive and negative genetic selection" (J. Microbiol. Methods 91 (2012) 22-29)

DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2012.07.003. ⁎ Correspondence to: D.F. Doyle, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States. Tel.: +1 404 385 0631; fax: +1 404 894 2295. ⁎⁎ Correspondence to: B. Azizi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States. Tel.: +1 404 894 6077; fax: +1 404 894 7452. E-mail addresses: donald.doyle@chemistry.gatech.edu (D.F. Doyle), bahareh.azizi@chemistry.gatech.edu (B. Azizi).
Sequence analysis and acute pathogenicity of molecularly cloned SIVSMM-PBj14.

THE PBJ14 isolate of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabey monkeys (SIVSMM-PBj14) is the most acutely pathogenic primate lentivirus so far described, always causing fatal disease in pig-tailed macaques (Macaco nemestrina) within 8 days of inoculation1. As a first step in identifying viral genes and gene products that influence pathogenicity, the SIVSMM-PBjl4 genome was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction as 5´ and 3´ genomic halves of 5.1 and 5.8 kilobases, respectively, and molecularly cloned. DNA sequence analysis revealed a high degree of conservation with other SIVs, except for a 22-base-pair duplication in the enhancer region of the viral long terminal repeat which included a second binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB. Of six genomic halves examined, four contributed to the formation of infectious virus that induced acute disease and death in pig-tailed macaques as early as 6 days post-inoculation, with pathology, disease syndromes and kinetics indistinguishable from those induced by the uncloned isolate. To our knowledge this is the first example of acute immunodeficiency disease induced by a molecularly defined lentivirus. Furthermore, the molecularly cloned SIVSMM-PBjl4 viruses share with the uncloned virus cytopathicity for mangabey CD4+ cells, a property that may correlate with their observed pathogenicity in vivo.
An interpolation technique for improved robot tracking accuracy

Abstract Significant work in robot calibration has been done over the past several years. The calibration process assumes a kinematic model and performs a series of experiments to determine the parameters of the model. Current research focuses on the development of models and the measurement techniques to best estimate the parameters. This paper takes a different approach. It proposes a path correction algorithm which examines a predetermined path and identifies a set of critical points. These critical points are taught by the robot programmer and the error at these points is recorded. The error at the other points along the path is determined by interpolation. The effort required to teach a robot path using this approach is dramatically reduced. Also, there is no need for the complicated experiments currently required by the global calibration methods. The paper develops the approach and presents an example using an industrial robot.
The comprehension of semantic relations by two-year-olds: an exploratory study.

A token-placement technique was used to investigate the influence of actor and patient animacy in determining which sentences 48 2-year-olds viewed as prototypical. After training on one of three sentence types that varied in the animacy/inanimacy of actors and patients, all children were tested for generalization on pictures with different animacy/inanimacy patterns. While most children placed actor tokens on generalization sentences correctly, regardless of animacy, half responded randomly in patient token placement. Type of training only affected children who, overall, were random responders. The results suggest that the actor category is usually acquired first for prototypical sentences with animate actors and inanimate patients.
Language Impairment and Right Hemiparesis in a 54-Year-Old Woman

A 54 year-old woman presented to the emergency room with 3 months of slurred speech, language problems, and right hemiparesis. Initial impression based on history, exam and imaging was brain abscess versus primary or metastatic neoplasm. Brain biopsy of the lesion and pathologic specimens were obtained. Below is a description of her presentation, hospital course, imaging, and pathology, as well as a short discussion of the final diagnosis.
Dynamic phenotypic restructuring of the CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets with age in healthy humans : A compartmental model analysis

Abstract In healthy humans, phenotypic restructuring occurs with age within the CD3 + T-lymphocyte complement. This is characterized by a non-linear decrease of the percentage of `naive' (CD45RA + ) cells and a corresponding non-linear increase of the percentage of `memory' (CD45R0 + ) cells among both the CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell subsets. We devised a simple compartmental model to study the age-dependent kinetics of phenotypic restructuring. We also derived differential equations whose parameters determined yearly gains minus losses of the percentage and absolute numbers of circulating naive cells, yearly gains minus losses of the percentage and absolute numbers of circulating memory cells, and the yearly rate of conversion of naive to memory cells. Solutions of these evaluative differential equations demonstrate the following: (1) the memory cell complement `resides' within its compartment for a longer time than the naive cell complement within its compartment for both CD4 and CD8 cells; (2) the average, annual `turnover rate' is the same for CD4 and CD8 naive cells. In contrast, the average, annual `turnover rate' for memory CD8 cells is 1.5 times that of memory CD4 cells; (3) the average, annual conversion rate of CD4 naive cells to memory cells is twice that of the CD8 conversion rate; (4) a transition in dynamic restructuring occurs during the third decade of life that is due to these differences in turnover and conversion rates, between and from naive to memory cells.
The Hospital-Dependent Patient

One intractable cause of readmissions is hospital-dependent patients. Medicine has yet to acknowledge the predicament of having created a population of incurable, fragile, but not yet terminally ill patients without developing a health care system that can meet their needs.
Investigations into the EuEu2O3, the EuPtEu2O3, the SmSm2O3, and the YbYb2O3 systems

Abstract The binary system EuEu2O3 has been examined in detail over the composition range EuO to Eu2O3 at 1500°C. Only three oxide phases were found: EuO, Eu3O4, and Eu2O3. Both EuO and Eu3O4 exhibit very narrow composition limits, while the monoclinic sesquioxide is stable over the composition range EuO1.45 to EuO1.50 at 1500°C. The melting points found for the three phases were 1900°C for EuO, 2000°C for Eu3O4 and 2300°C for Eu2O3. Europium was quantitatively extracted from EuO by reaction with platinum in sealed capsules at 1500°C, which resulted in the formation of an intermetallic phase plus a higher oxide of europium. The most europium-rich intermetallic phase found in these studies, EuPt2+x, has the fcc MgCu2 structure and is stable over the composition range EuPt2.0 to EuPt2.8 at 1500°C. Besides EuPt2, two phases were encountered in the EuPt alloys which contained more than 75 at.% Pt. These are tentatively designated as Eu2Pt7 and EuPt5. No crystalline phases other than the sesquioxides were found in the SmSm2O3 or the YbYb2O3 systems.
Potential changes of frog afferent terminals in response to dopamine

Abstract The actions of dopamine on the membrane potential of afferent fibers of the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord were studied by sucrose gap techniques. The most prominent effect seen after addition of dopamine to the superfusing Ringer's solution was a slow reversible hyperpolarization at concentrations as low as 0.01 μM; its amplitude and duration were dependent upon concentration and length of application. Biphasic responses with an initial dominant hyperpolarization and a much smaller, later depolarization were also noted and were particularly prominent when dopamine was applied at higher concentrations. Exposure of the cord to apomorphine, a non-selective agonist, to SKF 38393A, a D-1 selective agonist, or to LY-14186, a D-2 selctive agonist, hyperpolarized the dorsal root in a manner similar to that of dopamine, but only when the former compounds were applied at higher concentrations (100 μM or greater). Apomorphine also elicited a late depolarization. The non-selective dopamine antagonists, fluphenazine and haloperidol, reversibly reduced dopamine's actions. Similar effects were produced by the selective D-2 antagonists, sulpiride and metoclopramide, which had no effect on hyperpolarizations evoked by norepinephrine. Dopamine did not appear to activate adrenergic or serotonergic receptors, for its effects were not affected by yohimbine, corynanthine, propranolol, or methysergide. The effect of dopamine appeared to result from an action of the amine on both afferent fibers and interneurons. This inference was drawn because the potential changes produced by dopamine were substantially reduced, but never eliminated, by superfusion of the cord with solutions containing Mn2+ ions, tetrodotoxin or mephenesin. Dopamine appears to have the ability to activate receptors in the spinal cord — an action which results in potential changes in afferents fibers. The data are compatible with the idea that dopamine modulates spinal sensory transmission.
Generation of a monoclonal antibody (Epenl) which binds selectively to murine ependymal cells

Abstract In order to define surface antigens unique to ependymal cells, spleen cells from C57/B16 mice immunized with a suspension of 70–80% purified isolated ependymal cells from syngeneic animals were fused with NS-1 myeloma cells. Five hybridomas were found which secrete monoclonal antibodies that recognize ependymal cells both by indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. One of them, Epenl, appears to be a relatively specific surface marker of murine and rat ependymal cells, whereas the 4 others also recognize neurons, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes. Absorption of Epenl with murine cerebral cortex did not affect its binding, whereas absorption with ependymal cells abolished it. Labeling of in vivo sections with Epenl demonstrates prominent binding to ependymal cells lining ventricular cavities. Epenl does not bind to neurons or astrocytes in culture, and binds only minimally to isolated oligodendrocytes. It does, however, recognize an antigenic determinant present in lung tissue.
Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Coupled Thermoelasticity Problems with Relaxation Times

A general finite element model is proposed to analyze transient phenomena in thermoelastic solids. Green and Lindsay’s dynamic thermoelasticity model is selected for that purpose since it allows for “second sound” effects and reduces to the classical model by appropriate choice of the parameters. Time integration of the semidiscrete finite element equations is achieved by using an implicit-explicit scheme proposed by Hughes, et al. The procedure proves to be most effective and versatile in thermal and stress wave propagation analysis. A number of examples are presented which demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the proposed model, and the importance of finite thermal propagation speed effects.
Relationship among surgical volume, repair quality, and perioperative outcomes for repair of mitral insufficiency in a mitral valve reference center

Objective Although it has been demonstrated that the repair rates and quality of the repair of mitral insufficiency are superior in mitral valve reference centers, it has not been studied whether an advantage exists for perioperative morbidity and mortality. We report 1 surgeon's evolution over 7 years, specifically considering the changes in perioperative morbidity and mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 1054 patients who had undergone elective, day-of-surgery-admission mitral valve repair by a single surgeon (D.H.A.) at our institution from April 2005 to June 2012. The outcome variables studied were operative mortality (30-day or in-hospital mortality, if longer), length of stay, low cardiac output state after cardiopulmonary bypass, and major morbidity. Results The overall operative mortality was 0.58%. Of the 1054 patients, 31% developed a low cardiac output state postoperatively and 6.52% experienced at least 1 of the composite morbidity events. Increased aortic crossclamp times were significantly and independently associated with a low cardiac output state, length of stay, and morbidity. When divided by service year, a statistically and clinically significant decrease was found in the aortic crossclamp time, despite an increase in the complexity of cases. The morbidity decreased concurrently with the decreases in crossclamp times. Conclusions As the number of mitral valve repairs performed each year by a single surgeon at a single institution increased, morbidity, including postoperative heart function and length of stay, decreased. This was demonstrated to occur in large part from a reduction in the aortic crossclamp times, despite an increase in the complexity of the procedures. This further demonstrates the value of reference centers for mitral valve surgery.
Model-based prediction-verification scheme for real-time inspection

Abstract Using a model-based prediction-verification strategy, we have realized a flexible real-time inspection system, able to work under varying illumination conditions. The intensive use of models allows one to drastically reduce the amount of data to process and to choose the most relevant processings according to required performances. It has been applied to the on-line inspection of the assembly of electronic components on computer boards.