cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the I-Am-Me Experience in Childhood and Adolescence

The present study owes its origin to a long-standing interest in a personal experience which I have found strangely neglected by both philosophy and psychology. Its most spontaneous expression is the seemingly trivial sentence ‘I am me’. I submit that especially in the context of its actual occurrence it is the outgrowth of a peculiar amazement, a vertiginous feeling which is particularly acute in childhood but by no means restricted to it. It differs significantly from the mere everyday awareness of selfhood or individuality as signified by the use of the pronoun ‘I’. For the I-am-me experience involves a peculiar centripetal movement not to be found in the simple statement ‘I am’. This is not the place for a phenomenological elucidation of this experience. The main purpose of the present study is to establish its existence empirically and to make it available for fuller investigation both psychologically and philosophically.
Activity of most rostral ventromedial medulla neurons reflect EEG/EMG pattern changes

Studies in lightly anesthetized animals have demonstrated neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) that respond to specific modalities of peripheral stimulation. We initiated this study to investigate putative thermoafferent processing in such RVM neurons. Our results indicate that most RVM neuronal responses are not specific for the applied stimulus but reflect changes in cortical activation. Electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) and RVM single unit activity was recorded in lightly urethan-anesthetized rats. Five distinct EEG/EMG patterns were observed. Their expression was a function of skin and core temperatures. Pinches and strong thermal manipulations caused a desynchronization of a synchronized EEG pattern and an increase in EMG activity. The activity of 38 of the 51 RVM neurons sampled correlated with changes in EEG/EMG activity. Thirteen neurons were not affected by changes in EEG/EMG activity. One unit responded to temperature manipulations within an EEG/EMG state, suggesting that a small portion of RVM neurons may transmit thermoafferent information.
Restoring the Primary Jurisdiction Doctrine

Primary jurisdiction allows a court to refer an issue to an administrative agency for determination when the issue is within the agency’s purview, while still retaining jurisdiction over the case. At first, the doctrine seems like an elegant solution to a complicated problem, facilitating the interaction between courts and agencies confronting complex regulatory issues. But although the doctrine was developed within specific subject areas — rate-setting and labor disputes — where a failure to refer the issue would undermine the pertinent regulatory scheme, courts have expanded its use. The doctrine has become a tool that permits courts to stay or dismiss a case while seeking agency advice on a particular issue, without a finding that such a referral is necessary to forward the purpose of the regulatory scheme. The consequential delay has the potential to cause real harm to the interests of the litigants and to the regulatory scheme. Courts should re-confine primary jurisdiction to the rate-setting and labor dispute contexts, and, if the doctrine is extended to other areas where the consequence of not doing so would gravely injure the regulatory scheme, recognize the value of an explicit articulation of the doctrine’s applicability and benefits. The consequences of the abandonment of primary jurisdiction in its “advice referral” manifestation will be slight because courts can utilize other mechanisms to encourage agency participation.
Abstract 4861: The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer development

The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer development Xiaoxin S. Xu, Le Wang, and Gan Wang Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Detroit, MI 48202 Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies and causes hundreds thousands of death worldwide each year. Bladder cancer is strongly associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. It is believed that DNA damage generated by environmental carcinogens and their metabolites causes development of bladder cancer. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the major DNA repair pathway for repairing bulk DNA damage generated by most environmental carcinogens and XPC is a DNA damage recognition protein required for initiation of the NER process. Recent studies demonstrate reduced levels of XPC protein in tumors for a majority of bladder cancer patients. In this work we investigated the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer development. The results of our HDAC inhibitor study revealed that the treatment of HTB4 and HTB9 bladder cancer cells with HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) caused an increase in transcription of the XPC gene in these cells. The results of our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicated that the VPA treatment caused increased bindings of both CREB1 and Sp1 transcription factors at the promoter of XPC gene for both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. The results of our immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining studies further revealed a strong correlation between the presence of HDAC4 and the occurrence of bladder tumors. In addition, the results of our caspase 3 activation studies demonstrated that the prior treatment with VPA increased the anticancer drug cisplatin-induced activation of caspase 3 in both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. All these results suggest that the HDACs negatively regulate transcription of the XPC gene in bladder cancer cells and contribute to the development of bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4861.
COATCheck: Verifying Memory Ordering at the Hardware-OS Interface

Modern computer systems include numerous compute elements, from CPUs to GPUs to accelerators. Harnessing their full potential requires well-defined, properly-implemented memory consistency models (MCMs), and low-level system functionality such as virtual memory and address translation (AT). Unfortunately, it is difficult to specify and implement hardware-OS interactions correctly; in the past, many hardware and OS specification mismatches have resulted in implementation bugs in commercial processors. In an effort to resolve this verification gap, this paper makes the following contributions. First, we present COATCheck, an address translation-aware framework for specifying and statically verifying memory ordering enforcement at the microarchitecture and operating system levels. We develop a domain-specific language for specifying ordering enforcement, for including ordering-related OS events and hardware micro-operations, and for programmatically enumerating happens-before graphs. Using a fast and automated static constraint solver, COATCheck can efficiently analyze interesting and important memory ordering scenarios for modern, high-performance, out-of-order processors. Second, we show that previous work on Virtual Address Memory Consistency (VAMC) does not capture every translation-related ordering scenario of interest, and that some such cases even fall outside the traditional scope of consistency. We therefore introduce the term transistency model to describe the superset of consistency which captures all translation-aware sets of ordering rules.
Calcium-activated potassium channels in human platelets.

AbstractThe cationic fluorescent probe, DiSC3(5) was used to measure the membrane potential in human platelets. Hyperpolarization was induced by the addition of Ca2+ to the medium and also by the addition of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) there was no response to A23187. The threshold concentration for [Ca2+]o was 20 μM and for A23187 was 12 nM. The increase polarity induced by [Ca2+]o was not affected by various K+ channel blockers. However, the effect of A23187 was inhibited by quinine and charybdotoxin, while apamin, tetraethylammonium, and the calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and compound R24571 were ineffective. The resting membrane potential was −66 ± 0.9 mV and was decreased by quinine. There are three conclusions from this study: (i) Ca2+-activated K+ channels exist in human platelets; (ii) they are the type that are apamin insensitive, charybdotoxin sensitive; and (iii) they may contribute to the resting membrane potential.
Determination of hydroxyproline in milk and milk products by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To develop a method for determination of Hydroxyproline in milk and milk products by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods: After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid,the collagen in samples was decomplosed into hydroxyproline,which was then derivatized with AQC(6-aminoquinoly-N-Hydroxysu——ccinimidy carbamate) for the determination.Hydroxyproline was assayed by HPLC with the following coditions:reversed-phase C18 column,UV detective wavelength of 248 nm,flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,and gradient elution of buffer and acetonitrile.Cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline was used as the internal standard for the quantification.Results: They showed good linearity in the range of 2 μg/ml～30 μg/ml,average recovery of the method was 99.7%～120.5%,RSD5%.The detection limit was 2.0 μg/ml in milk and 10 μg/ml in milk powder and cheese.Conclusion: The HPLC method is high sensitive,accurate and practical for determination of hydroxyproline in milk and milk products.
Investigation on Satisfaction of Community Health Service in Qingxiu District of Nanning City

[Objective]To analyze the utilization situation of community health service among patients and residents,study the influencing factors of satisfaction.[Methods]Six community health service institutions in Qingxiu district of Nanning city were selected randomly,588 visiting patients(or parents of children)were inquired by intercept interviewing method,and utilization situation and satisfaction of community health service were investigated by questionnaire.The multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis was adopted to screen out the main influencing factors of satisfaction.[Results]When symptom was slight,only 38.8% of residents would visit the community health service because of convenience(86.00%)and long service time(average time reached 35.78 min),and the total satisfaction of community health service was 78.49%.In descending order according to OR,the influencing factors of satisfaction were medical safety of hospital,reasonable charge,respect for privacy,layout of process,mode of medical payment,service attitude of staff,waiting time,service time and occupation of patients.[Conclusion]Residents in Qingxiu district didn't make full use of community health service,and the total satisfaction has potential to develop.Therefore,community service institution should establish comfortable and friendly hospital environment,standardizing medical price and charge management,strengthen the technical level of general practitioners,regularize the clinical diagnosis and treatment service,and ensure the medical safety.
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Hypertension, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome

The purpose of this review is to discuss dyslipidemia in the various common clinical conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome and review the current therapeutic strategy in these settings. Dyslipidemias are common in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologic studies have shown a strong correlation between serum lipid levels and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Multifactorial intervention strategies aimed at controlling lipids, blood pressure, and blood glucose simultaneously achieve maximal reductions in cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidemia and metabolic abnormalities are strongly associated with atherosclerosis and worse cardiovascular outcomes. While pharmacotherapy with statins has been proven to be beneficial for dyslipidemia, lifestyle modification emphasizing weight loss and regular exercise is an essential component of the interventional strategy. The common thread underlying atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities is endothelial dysfunction. Improved understanding of the role of endothelium in health and disease can potentially lead to novel therapies that may preempt development of atherosclerosis and its complications.
Interactivity, Marketing Communication, and Emerging Markets: A Way Forward

ABSTRACTThis managerial article develops a conceptual model that illustrates the similarities and differences between marketing communication (marcom) models used in established markets and what is and will likely be needed in emerging markets. We argue that existing marcom models often fail in new markets because of the culture, technology, consumer interactivity, reciprocity, networks, and channels found in them. A new approach based on the needs, capabilities, and requirements of emerging markets are proposed. Termed the consumer networks and negotiation (CN2) approach, it is based on the unique situations often found in emerging markets. Since the effectiveness of existing established marcom models appears to be declining in American and European markets, this model could also help experienced marketers rethink their approaches as well. Recommendations for further development and testing of the models are proposed.
Socioeconomic Impact of Pediatric Sleep Disorders

Pediatric disorders tend to affect the immediate support unit, adults and children. High costs for direct consumption of medical care are offset by early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sleep disorders. Pediatric sleep disorders are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may result from insufficient or fragmented sleep. Delaying school start time resulted in decreased car crashes in teen drivers and improved mood.
State Reform and Anti-Neoliberal Rhetoric in Paraguay

On August 15, 2003, Nicanor Duarte Frutos was sworn in as the new president of Paraguay, extending the period of continuous control of the executive by the Colorado Party that began in 1947. Duarte Frutos surprised observers with a stinging critique of “savage neo-liberalism” and promised that his government would struggle against imperialism. These comments must have pleased a number of the presidents in attendance, including Hugo Chavez of Venezuela, Cuba’s Fidel Castro, Nestor Kirchner from Argentina, and most importantly, Lula Da Silva of Brazil. Indeed, many observers felt that the historic election of Lula in December 2002 opened an important new space for official rhetoric against the “Washington consensus” that dominated the discourse about political economy in Latin America in the 1990s.
Systematic Reviews in the Field of Nutrition

The amount of scientific literature published each year increases exponentially. Very few individuals have the time to keep abreast of the latest findings, and even fewer have the time to integrate the latest findings into prior work. For topics unaligned with one’s primary area of expertise or research focus the task can become insurmountable. Under these circumstances, review articles can serve an important function.
Annual Total Medical Expenditures Associated with Hypertension by Diabetes Status in U.S. Adults.

Introduction Hypertension and diabetes, both independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, often coexist. The hypertension-increased medical expenditures by diabetes status is unclear, however. This study estimated annual total medical expenditures in U.S. adults by hypertension and diabetes status. Methods The study population consisted of 40,746 civilian, non-institutionalized adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the 2013 or 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The authors separately estimated hypertension-increased medical expenditures using two-part econometric and generalized linear models for the total; diabetes (n=4,396); and non-diabetes (n=36,250) populations and adjusted the results into 2014 U.S. dollars. Data were analyzed in 2017 and estimated the hypertension-increased medical expenditures by type of medical service and payment source. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 34.9%, 78.3%, and 30.1% for the total, diabetes, and non-diabetes populations, respectively. The respective mean unadjusted annual per capita medical expenditures were $5,225, $12,715, and $4,390. After controlling for potential confounders, hypertension-increased expenditures were $2,565, $4,434, and $2,276 for total, diabetes, and non-diabetes populations, respectively (all p Conclusions Hypertension-increased medical expenditures were substantial and varied by medical service type and payment sources. These findings may be useful as inputs for cost- effectiveness evaluations of hypertension interventions by diabetes status.
Reliability Analysis of V2V Communications on Orthogonal Street Systems

The analysis of vehicle-to-vehicle communications is generally limited to vehicles on street segments, which are modeled using 1-D point processes. However, it is essential to model the intersections which are crucial for vehicle safety. In this paper, we focus on orthogonal street systems involving intersections with Poisson distributed vehicles on each street. We derive analytical expressions for the success probabilities of two types of users-- the typical general user and the typical intersection user. We show that the the orthogonal street system shares some properties of both 1-D and 2-D Poisson networks. Specifically, the vehicles on the street system behave like 1-D and 2-D Poisson point processes of vehicles in the high-reliability and low-reliability regimes, respectively. Also, we deduce that the success probability of the typical general/intersection user is upper bounded by the minimum of the success probabilities of the 1-D and 2-D Poisson networks.
Control of Energy Expenditure by AgRP Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus: Neurocircuitry, Signaling Pathways, and Angiotensin

Here, we review the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of neurons expressing Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the angiotensin 1A receptor (AT1A) within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the control of energy balance. The development and maintenance of obesity involves suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR control is integrated via AgRP and proopiomelanocortin neurons within the ARC. Their projections to other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei contribute to RMR control, though relatively little is known about the contributions of individual projections and the neurotransmitters involved. Recent studies highlight a role for AT1A, localized to AgRP neurons, but the specific function of AT1A within these cells remains unclear. AT1A functions within AgRP neurons to control RMR, but additional work is required to clarify its role within subpopulations of AgRP neurons projecting to distinct second-order nuclei, and the molecular mediators of its signaling within these cells.
Publish or Perish? Examining Academic Tenure Standards in Public Affairs and Administration Programs

AbstractAcademic tenure is a topic of great concern in the field of public affairs and administration. Especially for pre-tenured faculty members, institutional expectations profoundly influence in...
Survival and Trafficking of Yersinia pestis in Non-acidified Phagosomes in Murine Macrophages

Yersinia pestis is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen. Survival of Y. pestis in macrophages is thought to play an important role in pathogenesis during the earliest stages of plague. Recent studies have identified several bacterial genes important for survival in macrophages, and determined that Y. pestis inhabits a compartment called the Yersinia-containing vacuole (YCV), which acquires markers of late endosomes or lysosomes. Furthermore, studies have shown the ability of Y. pestis to survive in macrophages activated with the cytokine IFNγ. Some vacuolar pathogens appear to co-opt the process of autophagy for survival in host cells. Alternatively, xenophagy is an autophagic process that is upregulated in activated macrophages and functions to kill bacteria in acidic autophagosomes. Studies were undertaken to investigate the mechanism of Y. pestis survival in phagosomes of naive and activated macrophages, and to determine if the pathogen avoids or co-opts autophagy. Co-localization of the YCV with markers of autophagosomes or acidic lysosomes, and the pH of the YCV, was determined by microscopic imaging of infected macrophages. Results showed that YCVs could contain double membranes characteristic of autophagosomes and co-localized with a marker of autophagic membranes. Interestingly, YCVs failed to acidify below pH of 7. In addition, Y. pestis survived equally well in macrophages proficient or deficient for autophagy, showing that the bacterium does not co-opt autophagy for intracellular survival. It is concluded that although Y. pestis can reside in autophagosomes, the pathogen avoids destruction by xenophagy by preventing vacuole acidification. Y. pestis may actively prevent phagosome acidification in either naive or activated macrophages by preventing delivery of the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) to the YCV or direct inactivation of the vATPase.
Response to the Proposed Changes to the Claim Construction Standard for Interpreting Claims in Trial Proceedings Before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board

We the undersigned professors of law and economics offer this comment on the USPTO’s notice of proposed rulemaking to change how the Patent Trial and Appeal Board will construe patent claims in its administrative trial proceedings. As a group, our research explores a wide range of issues in innovation, intellectual property, administrative process, and institutional design. What brings us together is our interest in the proper functioning of the U.S. patent system and Patent Office operations. We appreciate the USPTO’s attention to the need for uniformity and predictability in the patent system, especially the agency’s ongoing efforts to improve the PTAB trial proceedings. For the reasons that follow, we support the proposed change away from the PTAB’s current broadest reasonable interpretation (BRI) standard to the approach set forth in Phillips v. AWH Corp.
Anemia at the Extremes of Life: Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Congenital hemolytic anemia is an important etiology to consider in the differential diagnosis of pediatric anemia, especially in patients presenting with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion. It results from inherited or de novo genetic defects that affect the function, shape, or stability of the red blood cell, resulting in red blood cell destruction, primarily via extravascular mechanisms. The main categories of congenital hemolytic anemia include the hemoglobinopathies, red blood cell membrane defects, and red blood cell enzyme defects. Clinical manifestations range from mild, compensated, asymptomatic anemia to transfusion-dependent anemia with extramedullary hematopoiesis. Laboratory evaluation usually reveals a reticulocytosis and negative direct antiglobulin testing, with or without abnormal red blood cell morphology. The typical findings of acute hemolysis, including decreased haptoglobin and increased LDH, might not always be present. Diagnosis depends on family history, drug or infection exposure, and the constellation of clinical findings. Treatment is dictated by the diagnosis, the degree of anemia, and the overall clinical status of the patient.
Non-oncogene Addiction to SIRT3 Plays a Critical Role in Lymphomagenesis

Summary Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are genetically heterogeneous and highly proliferative neoplasms derived from germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we show that DLBCLs are dependent on mitochondrial lysine deacetylase SIRT3 for proliferation, survival, self-renewal, and tumor growth in vivo regardless of disease subtype and genetics. SIRT3 knockout attenuated B cell lymphomagenesis in VavP-Bcl2 mice without affecting normal GC formation. Mechanistically, SIRT3 depletion impaired glutamine flux to the TCA cycle via glutamate dehydrogenase and reduction in acetyl-CoA pools, which in turn induce autophagy and cell death. We developed a mitochondrial-targeted class I sirtuin inhibitor, YC8-02, which phenocopied the effects of SIRT3 depletion and killed DLBCL cells. SIRT3 is thus a metabolic non-oncogene addiction and therapeutic target for DLBCLs.
Imprinted Apportionment of Functional Groups in Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks

Sophisticated chemical processes widely observed in biological cells require precise apportionment regulation of building units, which inspires researchers to develop tailorable architectures with ...
An improved adaptive signal averaging technique for noise reduction and tracking enhancements in continuous wave magnetic resonance

We have significantly refined an adaptive signal averaging approach developed primarily for continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance and electrically detected magnetic resonance measurements. This refinement overcomes several limitations and greatly simplifies the earlier approach. The new technique provides a large improvement in tracking and numerical stability and also features fewer adjustable parameters making this approach more user intuitive.
Effect of solution phase composition on the interaction between aqueous model solutes and polymeric container materials.

The interaction between several marker solutes and a polyolefin laminate polymer was studied in several solutions. Solutions studied included mixtures of sodium chloride and dextrose (at concentrations more less typical of i.v. administration solutions) and several actual i.v. products [lactated Ringer's injection, Dianeal, Travasol (amino acid) injection, and alcohol/dextrose injection]. The interaction properties of the candidate container material correlated well with the solute's octanol-water partition coefficient. For nonionic species, the magnitude of the container/solution interaction was independent of solution phase composition. For the ionic test solute, solution pH, which impacts the speciation of the solute, was the only solution composition variable that significantly influenced the interaction. Thus water (or a weak buffer solution) is suggested as an appropriate model solvent for use in container compatibility evaluations involving i.v.-related products.
A review of the empirical evidence for DBT skills training as a stand-alone intervention

Abstract Although there is small, but growing empirical evidence for the use of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) skills training as a stand-alone treatment, it is widely administered to an array of populations in various settings. Building upon a previous review, this systematic review identifies 31 additional studies testing the effect of DBT skills training as a stand-alone intervention. Our findings indicate that stand-alone DBT skills training may improve a variety of outcomes and may have some utility as a transdiagnostic treatment approach. However, due to methodological limitations we describe here, it remains unclear whether DBT skills training is as effective as standard DBT or other disorder-specific evidence-based treatments. We present an overview of how stand-alone DBT skills training is being implemented and examined by researchers, describe main clinical findings, and discuss limitations and recommendations for future research.
Row Alignment via Hidden Markov Model based Learning Control.

Understanding human driver behaviors is crucial for an advanced driver assist system in the path control of a vehicle. In this study, an uncertain parameter in a human driver internal model is estimated using a Hidden Markov Model-based learning process. Based on the identified parameter, a Linear Quadratic Gaussian controller is designed for the vehicle to follow an online planned, optimal path, while reducing the row alignment error caused by the deviation of the driver internal model from the actual vehicle model and sensor/actuator noise. Simulation is used to show the effectiveness of the controller.
Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions

The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic motivated this paper, which revisits the nexus of public health and the city, itself a main source of a pandemic which similarly threatens the lives and properties of the world population gradually one glacier at a time: climate change. We argue that pandemics expose both the vulnerability and resilience of the urban system expansively, from rooftop to the region, but also serve as change agents for the planning of resilient cities and regions globally. The discussion of the urban system and the pandemic is comparative, with the recent coronavirus and climate change, a persistent, long-lasting pandemic. The historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism is highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region. We note the implications for reconfiguring the resilient urban system of the future effectively with pandemic as change agent and the comprehensive plan and its regulatory zoning ordinance as implementation tool.
Temporal Association of Pain Catastrophizing and Pain Severity Across the Perioperative Period: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE Although numerous studies show that preoperative pain catastrophizing is a risk factor for pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), little is known about the temporal course of the association between perioperative pain catastrophizing and pain severity. The present study investigated temporal changes and their dynamic associations between pain catastrophizing and pain severity before and after TKA. DESIGN A secondary data analysis of a larger observational parent study featuring prospective repeated measurement over 12 months. SETTING Dual-site academic hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 245 individuals who underwent TKA. METHODS Participants completed pain catastrophizing and pain severity questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months after TKA. Cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted with structural equation modeling including age, sex, race, baseline anxiety, and depressive symptoms as covariates. RESULTS Reduction in pain catastrophizing from baseline to 6 weeks after TKA was associated with lower pain severity at 3 months after TKA (standardized β = 0.14; SE = 0.07, P = 0.046), while reduction in pain severity at 6 weeks after TKA was not associated with pain catastrophizing at 3 months after TKA (P = 0.905). In the chronic postsurgical period (>3 months), pain catastrophizing at 6 months after TKA predicted pain severity at 12 months after TKA (β = 0.23, P = 0.009) with controlling for auto-correlation and covariates, but not vice versa. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that changes in pain catastrophizing from baseline to 6 weeks after TKA are associated with subsequent pain severity. Future studies are warranted to determine whether targeting pain catastrophizing during the perioperative period may improve clinical outcomes for individuals undergoing TKA.
Compassionate love: improving international student online learning through new literacies

Ongoing research shows that online teaching has become a popular source of learning at educational institutions. Evidence illustrates that many international students encounter challenges in their ...
Phenomenological Models and Animations of Welding and their Impact

Professor Robertson’s recognized research on metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics for over 40 years facilitated the emergence of rigorous quantitative understanding of many complex metallurgical processes. The author had the opportunity to work with Professor Robertson on liquid metals in the 1970s. This paper is intended to review the advances in the quantitative understanding of welding processes and weld metal attributes in recent decades. Over this period, phenomenological models have been developed to better understand and control various welding processes and the structure and properties of welded materials. Numerical models and animations of melting, solidification and the evolution of micro and macro-structural features will be presented to critically examine their impact on the practice of welding and the underlying science.
Isolation and Complementation of Mutants in Galactose Taxis and Transport

By using a new screening method, we have obtained 43 new Escherichia coli mutants defective in ring formation on galactose swarm plates, which score for defects in chemotaxis or transport. They were complemented and compared with mutations previously known to lie in the galactose-binding protein or the β-methylgalactoside ( mgl ) permease, or both. The mutations were all found to lie in three genes, called mglA, mglB , and mglC. mglB codes for the gene specifying the binding protein. Based on co-transduction experiments, mglA, mglB , and mglC lie close to each other on the bacterial chromosome. Images
The Influence of Equilibration on the X-ray Intensity of Sedov Models

We have synthesized a set of SNR X-ray and coronal iron surface brightness profiles to determine observational constraints to help distinguish how the remnants’ ion-electron energy equilibration time-scales compare to their ionization time-scales. The profiles are based on Sedov-Taylor blast wave models under the two scenarios (1) equal T ion and T e or (2) Coulomb equilibration of T e and T ion . Resultant spectra were convolved with Einstein HRI and IPC sensitivity curves to simulate satellite observations of actual remnants.
Fluidized muds: a novel setting for the generation of biosphere diversity through geologic time*

Reworked and fluidized fine-grained deposits in energetic settings are a major modern-day feature of river deltas and estuaries. Similar environments were probably settings for microbial evolution on the early Earth. These sedimentary systems act as efficient biogeochemical reactors with high bacterial phylogenetic diversity and functional redundancy. They are temporally rather than spatially structured, with repeated cycling of redox conditions and successive stages of microbial metabolic processes. Intense reworking of the fluidized bed entrains bacteria from varied habitats providing new, diverse genetic materials to contribute to horizontal gene transfer events and the creation of new bacterial ecotypes. These vast mud environments may act as exporters and promoters of biosphere diversity and novel adaptations, potentially on a globally important scale.
Multifunctional Nanorods for Biomedical Applications

Multifunctional nanorods have shown significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications. Nanorods can be synthesized by a top down or bottom-up approach. The bottom-up approach commonly utilizes a template deposition methodology. A variety of metal segments can easily be incorporated into the nanorods. This permits high degrees of chemical and dimensional control. High aspect-ratio nanorods have a large surface area for functionalization. By varying the metal segments in the nanorods, spatial control over the binding of functional biomolecules that correspond with the unique surface chemistry of the metal segment can be achieved. Functionalized multicomponent nanorods are utilized in applications ranging from multiplexing, protein sensing, glucose sensing, imaging, biomolecule-associated nanocircuits, gene delivery and vaccinations.
Gender Digital Divide: The Role of Mobile Phones among Latina Farm Workers in Southeast Ohio

This article presents a case of the gender digital divide in the use of mobile phones in a small community of Latino immigrant farm workers in Southeast Ohio in the US. Contrary to the findings of ...
Structural Framework of Continental Margin of Eastern North America: ABSTRACT

A reference surface is defined as the top of seismic layers of velocity greater than 4.5 km/sec, and referred to as "basement." The configuration of this surface is a series of basins, linear arches, and escarpments which have controlled the thickness and facies distribution of the lower velocity Cenozoic and later Mesozoic sediments. Velocities within basement cluster in two groups, less than and greater than about 5.6 km/sec. High-velocity basement can be equated accurately with crystalline bedrock only in some nearshore areas of the inner shelf. Lower Cretaceous carbonates in the Bahamas-Blake Plateau area and very possibly farther north have velocities in this range, and obscure the underlying crystalline bedrock. High-velocity basement under the continental rise between the Scotian Shelf and the Carolinas has velocities mostly in the range of oceanic layer 3. Few measurements are in the range of normal upper continental crust. Low-velocity basement represents a great range of lithologies and ages, including low-grade metamorphic rocks, Mississippian strata, early Paleozoic platform cover, Early Cretaceous/Jurassic sediments, and layer 2 of the ocean basin. Between the Blake Plateau and the Scotian Shelf, a broad basement arch underlying the outer shelf and a secondary, more subdued, arch beneath the upper continental rise are formed on low-velocity basement. A large gravity high is associated with self-edge arch, but is not solely caused by it. Basement underlying the secondary arch, and seaward of it, has velocities characteristic of layer 2, but is much thicker and may be a mixture of clastic, evaporite, carbonate, and lava rocks which has subsided several kilometers since the region was the shallow margin to a young rift ocean. North of the New England seamounts the secondary arch appears to underlie the "ridge complex" observed by seismic profiler, which in turn follows the magnetic "slope anomaly." End_of_Article - Last_Page 2147------------
Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed stored on small farms—I. Evaluation of damage

Abstract On-farm experiments were carried out in Darien (Valle de Cauca), Colombia, South America on stored beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to evaluate the effectiveness of post-harvest treatments designed for the control of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say and adoptability by small farmers. Three treatments effectively reduced A. obtectus damage below the economic threshold (4% damaged grains) determined in this study. Vegetable oil (5 ml/kg) reduced emergence and prevented reproduction of bruchids for 8 months after harvest. Kitchen ash (20% by weight) controlled bruchid reproduction throughout the 39-week storage period. Black pepper controlled reproduction under heavy artificial bruchid infestation. The potential for small-farmer adoption of these and less successful treatments is evaluated.
The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires—a computer simulation

In ventilated tunnel fires, smoke and hot combustion products may form a layer near the ceiling and flow in the direction opposite to the ventilation stream. The existence of this reverse stratified flow has an important bearing on fire fighting and evacuation of underground mine roadways, tunnels and building corridors. In the present study, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a CFD program (fire dynamics simulator) based on large eddy simulations (LES) is used to model floor-level fires in a ventilated tunnel. Specifically, the critical ventilation velocity that is just sufficient to prevent the formation of a reverse stratified layer is simulated for two tunnels of different size. The computer code is verified by checking the computed velocity profile against experimental measurements. The CFD results show the leveling-off of the critical ventilation velocity as the heat release rate surpasses a certain value. At this critical ventilation, the ceiling temperature above the fire reaches a maximum for both tunnels. The velocity leveling-off can be explained from this observation. An extended correlation of Newman (Combust. Flame 57 (1984) 33) is applied to the temperature profiles obtained by CFD. At the critical ventilation, temperature stratification exists downstream from the fire. The computed critical ventilation velocity shows fair agreement with available experimental data taken from both horizontal and inclined fire tunnels. The CFD simulations indicate that the Froude modeling is an approximation for tunnel fires. The Froude-scaling law does not apply to two geometrically similar fire tunnels. The CFD results are compared with two simple theories of critical ventilation by Kennedy et al. (ASHRAE Trans. Res. 102(2) (1996) 40) and Kunsch (Fire safety J. 37 (2002) 67).
Quantitative and neurogenic analysis of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.

Dual retrograde axonal tracers, Fluoro-Gold (FG) and true blue (TB), were used in conjunction with [3H]thymidine autoradiography to determine the number and neurogenic pattern of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH), i.e., laminae I and II, in spinal segment L1 of the rat. FG was injected into rostral brain centers (dorsal thalamus and midbrain), and TB was injected into the caudal brainstem (medulla) in young adult rats previously administered [3H]thymidine in utero. Following stereological correction, each dorsal horn had an average of 1.22 neurons in lamina I and 0.24 neurons in lamina II that had supraspinal projections per 10-microm transverse section. In the SDH, 52% of the neurons with supraspinal projections were found to project to rostral brain centers alone, 3.0% only to the caudal brainstem, and 45% to both areas. There was no significant difference in the percentage distribution of each of the three groups of neurons between lamina I and lamina II. Cell counts in the present study, in conjunction with previous observations in the literature, suggest that the majority of supraspinal projection neurons in the SDH fall into two groups: 1) spinomesencephalic neurons with collaterals to the medulla and 2) spinothalamic neurons with collaterals to the midbrain. The neurogenesis of supraspinal projection neurons in the SDH proceeded along an axon-length gradient, whereby neurons with the longest axons, those with projections to rostral brain centers, completed neurogenesis prior to neurons with shorter axons, those with projections only to the caudal brainstem. The generation of all SDH neurons with supraspinal projections was completed on embryonic day 14 (E14), 2 days prior to the completion of neurogenesis for SDH neurons with intraspinal projections.
Uncertainty quantification techniques for population density estimates derived from sparse open source data

The Population Density Tables (PDT) project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (www.ornl.gov) is developing population density estimates for specific human activities under normal patterns of life based largely on information available in open source. Currently, activity-based density estimates are based on simple summary data statistics such as range and mean. Researchers are interested in improving activity estimation and uncertainty quantification by adopting a Bayesian framework that considers both data and sociocultural knowledge. Under a Bayesian approach, knowledge about population density may be encoded through the process of expert elicitation. Due to the scale of the PDT effort which considers over 250 countries, spans 50 human activity categories, and includes numerous contributors, an elicitation tool is required that can be operationalized within an enterprise data collection and reporting system. Such a method would ideally require that the contributor have minimal statistical knowledge, require minimal input by a statistician or facilitator, consider human difficulties in expressing qualitative knowledge in a quantitative setting, and provide methods by which the contributor can appraise whether their understanding and associated uncertainty was well captured. This paper introduces an algorithm that transforms answers to simple, non-statistical questions into a bivariate Gaussian distribution as the prior for the Beta distribution. Based on geometric properties of the Beta distribution parameter feasibility space and the bivariate Gaussian distribution, an automated method for encoding is developed that responds to these challenging enterprise requirements. Though created within the context of population density, this approach may be applicable to a wide array of problem domains requiring informative priors for the Beta distribution.
Cycle Design Exploration Using Multi-Design Point Approach

The focus of this study is to compare the aerothermodynamic cycle design space of a gas turbine engine generated using two on-design approaches. The traditional approach uses a single design point (SDP) for on-design cycle analysis, where off-design cycle analysis must be performed at other operating conditions of interest. A multi-design point (MDP) method performs on-design cycle analysis at all operating conditions where performance requirements are specified. Effects on the topography of the cycle design space as well as the feasibility of the space are examined. The impacts that performance requirements and cycle assumptions have on the bounds and topography of the feasible space are investigated. The deficiencies of a SDP method in determining an optimum gas turbine engine will be shown for a given set of requirements. Analysis will demonstrate that the MDP method, unlike the SDP method, always obtains a properly sized engine for a set of given requirements and cycle design variables, resulting in an increased feasible region of the aerothermodynamic cycle design space from which the optimum performance engine can be obtained.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Institutions and the supply of oil: A case study of Russia

In new institutional economics, the variance in institutions explains differences in cross-country output per capita. Institutions may also explain how the supply of oil is affected within oil-producing countries. For example in the early 1970s, as nominal oil prices increased from $3 per barrel to $11 per barrel, a number of OPEC oil producers changed the institutional environment by nationalizing their oil production and putting under government control all petroleum-related capital and infrastructure. This affected oil supplies. Similar institutional changes may be happening again now that oil prices are rising. In particular, the newly democratic Russia may be following the same path. The Russian government has already effectively taken over control of much of the oil production capacity in the country and is still heavily involved in natural gas production. In this paper, we will look at the Russian upstream oil industry as it changed from central planning to a market-oriented sector and is now swaying toward re-nationalization. Some of the laws and institutional transitions will be detailed in order to elucidate what has taken place.
Hybrid tuned center-difference-WENO method for large eddy simulations in the presence of strong shocks

We develop a tuned center-difference (TCD) scheme optimized for large-eddy simulations (LES) using a method proposed by Ghosal. For LES of weakly compressible decaying turbulence, these optimized stencils are shown to provide superior performance when compared to higher-order centered schemes with the same stencil width. A hybrid method combining the TCD stencil with a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) method is then constructed for use in the LES of strongly compressible, shock-driven flows. The user-specified, optimum WENO weights are chosen to match those of the TCD scheme. It is expected that these weights will be achieved automatically in regions of smooth flow away from shocks, but in practice a switch is found to be necessary. The hybrid TCD-WENO scheme is shown to work well for unsteady gas-dynamic flows in one and two dimensions.