cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ronnel residues in the meat and milk of cattle exposed to ronnel-impregnated back rubbers used for horn fly control.

Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of a homemade cable-type back rubber and a commercial tank-type back rubber in controlling the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and the horn fly, Haematobia inrritans (L.), and to determine any insecticide residue in milk and meat from treated animals. Only partial control of the stable fly was obtained when cattle were exposed to tank-type back rubbers containing l% or 2% ronnel in oil, while horn fly control was complete at both treatment levels during a 28-day treatment period. Cable-type back rubbers, treated with I% or 2% ronnel in oil (I gal solution/20 lineal ft of back rubber), afforded complete horn fly control through 21 of the 28 days of treatment, but the effectiveness of the 1% back rubber had begun to decrease at 28 days. In a later test, horn fly control was essentially complete when 2 dairy cows were exposed to cable-type back rubbers treated with 2% ronnel at the rate of 2 gal/20 lineal ft, but was only partially successful on cows using back rubbers treated with the recommended 1-gal rate. After 14 days the back rubbers treated with 1 gal were retreated and control of horn flies was somewhat improved but still marginal. when 2 dairy cows were exposed to a cable-type back rubber treated with 2% runnel in oil (1-gal rate), only 2 of the 14 samples analyzed contained detectable traces of ronnel. Hath of these samples were from the same cow and the residues amounted to 0.011 ppm after I day and 0.002 ppm after 3 clays of treatment. There is a possibility that these residues were due to outside contamination. In a later test, milk from 2 cows exposed to the cable-type hack rubbers treated with the 2% ronnel at the 2-gal rate contained residues of 0.007 and 0.002 ppm after 1 day exposure and 0.003 and 0.002 ppm after 3 days exposure, but no residues were detected after 5, 7, or 14 days. No residues were detected ill the milk from cows exposed to (able-type back rubbers treated at the 1-gal rate. when calves were treated with the cable-type back rubbers, ronnel residues were primarily in the fatty tissue. A maximum of 0.004 ppm of ronnel was found in the renal fat after 2 weeks of treatment with the 2% cable-type back rubber, and a maximum of 0.121 ppm of ronnel in the renal fat after 4 weeks of treatment with the 2% tank-type back rubber.
Optimal Nonlinear Feedback Guidance for Reentry Vehicles

It is well-known that onboard, real-time, optimal trajectory generation for reusable launch vehicles can substantially increase safety while reducing cost. Arguably, this is one of the most challenging problems in optimal control theory. In recent years, pseudospectral (PS) methods have shown considerable promise in solving such problems. In this paper, we investigate the utility of a PS guidance algorithm for solving this problem. Based on the X33, a generic vehicle model is constructed for analysis. It is shown that the PS guidance algorithm is capable of compensating for large uncertainties and disturbances that include greater than Category 5-level hurricane-force wind gusts (Hurricane Katrina was Cat 4). A single algorithm is used to guide the vehicle from its entry condition to a final approach corridor of about 2000 ft away from the landing site. Despite that much research is still necessary, results so far suggest that PS guidance methods can enhance safety considerably. Computational times for unoptimized codes range from about a second to 10 seconds under a MATLAB environment running on legacy computer hardware. This suggests that realtime trajectory reshaping, and even abort guidance, are well within the reach of modern methods and existing computational capabilities.
Soft margin estimation for automatic speech recognition

In this study, a new discriminative learning framework, called soft margin estimation (SME), is proposed for estimating the parameters of continuous density hidden Markov models (HMMs). The proposed method makes direct use of the successful ideas of margin in support vector machines to improve generalization capability and decision feedback learning in discriminative training to enhance model separation in classifier design. SME directly maximizes the separation of competing models to enhance the testing samples to approach a correct decision if the deviation from training samples is within a safe margin. Frame and utterance selections are integrated into a unified framework to select the training utterances and frames critical for discriminating competing models. SME offers a flexible and rigorous framework to facilitate the incorporation of new margin-based optimization criteria into HMMs training. The choice of various loss functions is illustrated and different kinds of separation measures are defined under a unified SME framework. SME is also shown to be able to jointly optimize feature extraction and HMMs. Both the generalized probabilistic descent algorithm and the Extended Baum-Welch algorithm are applied to solve SME. SME has demonstrated its great advantage over other discriminative training methods in several speech recognition tasks. Tested on the TIDIGITS digit recognition task, the proposed SME approach achieves a string accuracy of 99.61%, the best result ever reported in literature. On the 5k-word Wall Street Journal task, SME reduced the word error rate (WER) from 5.06% of MLE models to 3.81%, with relative 25% WER reduction. This is the first attempt to show the effectiveness of margin-based acoustic modeling for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition in a HMMs framework. The generalization of SME was also well demonstrated on the Aurora 2 robust speech recognition task, with around 30% relative WER reduction from the clean-trained baseline.
Endocrine Disorders in Critically Ill Children

Endocrine disorders in critically ill infants and children can be the manifestation of an existing but previously unrecognized condition, or hormonal derangements precipitated by deleterious effects on endocrine function of a critical illness or its prescribed therapy. To achieve successful resolution of these crises, a general understanding of various endocrine dysfunctions, clinical symptomatology, diagnosis, and medical and nursing management is essential.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Edible Plants: Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ), Coffee, and Others.

A number of edible plant species were investigated for antifungal agents. Whole sprouts and extracts of plant organs were tested in several assays, including bioautography. Amaranth, coffee ( Coffea arabica ), rice, coleus, violet, chervil, and lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) showed antifungal activity. Rhizomes of lotus had potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger , Trichoderma viride , and Penicillium spp. Further work is merited for characterization of this antifungal agent. Screening of sprouting plants and terrestrial aquatic plants may be a fruitful approach to finding new antimicrobials.
Six-year clinical performance of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives

Abstract Objective To evaluate the 6-year clinical performance of Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond adhesives in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Methods This was a randomized controlled clinical trial where 39 participants met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were enrolled. Lesions restored were notch-shaped NCCLs. Prior to adhesive procedures, NCCLs were roughened. No enamel bevel was placed and no mechanical retention was created. Adhesive systems were applied following manufacturer's instructions and the NCCLs were restored with composite resin (TPH 3 ). Restorations were finished immediately after placement and scored with regard to retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, sensitivity, and secondary caries using modified USPHS criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed. Logistic regression models were performed for each outcome separately with compound symmetry correlation structure where teeth were clustered by participants. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.2. Results The 6-year recall rate was 77.5% of the restorations (76.9% of the participants). No statistical differences were found between adhesives for retention, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation. Restorations failed by loss of retention (16.7%, 27.6%, and 11.8% of Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond restorations, respectively) and marginal discoloration (7.4% of Xeno IV restorations). For every unit increase in restoration volume it was 1.31 (95% C.I. 1.05, 1.63, P = 0.01) times more likely that the restoration retention would be maintained. Significance The tested adhesive systems presented similar clinical performance after six years of service, with annual failure rates of 2.8%, 4.6%, and 2.0% for Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond, respectively.
Characterizing human nasal airflow physiologic variables by nasal index.

Although variations in nasal index (NI) have been reported to represent adaptation to climatic conditions, assessments of NI with airflow variables have not been rigorously investigated. This study uses computational fluid dynamics modeling to investigate the relationship between NI and airflow variables in 16 subjects with normal nasal anatomy. Airflow simulations were conducted under constant inspiratory pressure. Nasal resistance (NR) against NI showed weak association from nostrils to anterior inferior turbinate (R(2)=0.26) and nostril to choanae (R(2)=0.12). NI accounted for 38% and 41% of the respective variation in wall shear stress (WSS) and heat flux (HF) at the nasal vestibule, and 52% and 49% of variability in WSS and HF across the entire nose. HF and WSS had strong correlation with NI 80; these differences in HF and WSS for NI 80 were not statistically significant. Results suggest strong relationship between NI and both WSS and HF but not NR, particularly in subjects with NI<80.
2,3-Diphenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one.

In the title compound, C20H15NOS, the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 74.25 (6)°. The six-membered 1,3-thia­zine ring has an envelope conformation with the C atom at the 2-position forming the flap. The crystal structure features weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, which lead to the formation of a tape motif along [110].
Virus dynamics in marine ecosystems and HIV infection

Marine ecosystems may contain diverse populations of bacteria which are supported by relatively few limiting nutrients and which are predated upon by an equally diverse set of bacteriophages (viruses). The network defined by which virus kill which bacteria strongly influences the overall persistence of the marine community. The dynamics of virus and immune response within a host can also be viewed as a complex ecological system. The immune response predates on the pathogen, and distinct viral strains compete for a target cell population, while immune response populations compete for the virus since their proliferation occurs upon pathogen recognition. For example, during HIV infection an extensive family of CTL immune cells recognize specific viral proteins presented on the surface of infected cells to effectively mediate their killing. However HIV can rapidly evolve resistance to CTL attack at different epitopes. The ensuing battle creates a dynamic network of interacting viral strains and immune response variants with variable levels of (strain) reactivity. It is unsurprising that similar mathematical models can be used to better understand the role of the predation network structure on the ultimate biodiversity of the community in each of these cases. The models we consider consist of systems of Lotka-Volterra-like ordinary differential equations. The talk will describe recent joint work with colleagues Dan Korytowski and Cameron Browne on the dynamics of such models.
Effects of relocation on metabolic profiles of freshwater mussels: Metabolomics as a tool for improving conservation techniques

Freshwater mussels are among the most endangered animals in North America. Although there are numerous state and federal programmes aimed at conserving them, knowledge of the effects of captivity and relocation remains limited. Metabolomic techniques were used to assess the physiological state of freshwater mussels (Amblema plicata) relocated from the Muskingum River in Ohio to a conservation facility and to another stream in Ohio. Haemolymph samples were taken from mussels in the Muskingum River (MUS group), the facility (CAP group), and Big Darby Creek (DAR group) in September 2012 (month 3 post-relocation), November 2012 (month 5), May 2013 (month 11), and August 2013 (month 14). Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. In total, 95 biochemicals were identified during the 2012 sampling period and 104 biochemicals during the 2013 sampling period. Glucose and lipid metabolism remained similar among all groups. Differences between the MUS group and the CAP and DAR groups were observed in altered amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. The results are indicative of a general stress response, which is evident for a year post-relocation. Decreased levels of these metabolites are likely to be responsible for decreased growth rates and higher mortality often observed in relocated mussels.
LOVECRAFT’S TERRESTRIAL TERRORS: MORALLY ALIEN EARTHLINGS // OS TERRORES TERRESTRES DE LOVECRAFT: TERRÁQUEOS DE MORAL ALIENÍGENA

RECEBIDO EM 05 MAR 2017 APROVADO EM 30 MAR 2017 Lovecraft’s cosmic horror led him to create aliens that did not exist on the same moral spectrum as humanity. That is one of many ways Lovecraft’s work insists humans do not matter in the cosmos. However, most of the work on Lovecraft has focused on the space aliens, and how they are necessarily alien to humans, because they are from other worlds. Lovecraft’s terrestrial aliens, such as the Deep Ones, the Old Ones, and the shoggoths, are less alien, but just as morally strange. Lovecraft used biological horror to create his terrestrial aliens, and in turn used them to claim that morality was a product of human evolution and history. A life form with a separate evolutionarily history would necessarily have a separate and incomprehensible morality. Lovecraft illustrates that point with narrators who are ultimately sympathetic with the aliens, despite the threat they pose to the narrators and to everything they have ever known. // O horror cosmico de Lovecraft o conduziu a criar alienigenas que nao existem no mesmo escopo moral da humanidade. Esta e uma das muitas formas que a literatura de Lovecraft usa para insistir que o ser humano nao importa no cosmos. No entanto, a maioria dos trabalhos sobre a literatura de Lovecraft se volta para os alienigenas espaciais e como eles sao considerados estranhos pelos seres humanos, devido ao fato de serem de outros planetas. Os alienigenas terrestres de Lovecraft como Deep Ones , Old Ones e Shoggoths sao menos estranhos, mas tao moralmente estranhos. Lovecraft faz uso do horror biologico para criar seus alienigenas terrestres e por sua vez o usa para afirmar que a moralidade e um produto da evolucao e historia humana. Uma forma de vida com uma historia evolutiva separada de tal conceito necessariamente possui um tipo de moralidade incompreensivel e separada. Lovecraft ilustra tal ponto de vista com narradores que sao em ultima analise simpatizantes dos alienigenas, apesar do perigo que estes representam ao narrador e a qualquer coisa que eles ja conheceram. DOI: 10.12957/abusoes.2017.27816
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The prevalence of substance use among older adults aged 65 and older is increasing with great significance. The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs coupled with increasing misuse of prescription medications in the elderly presents new challenges for providers of this population. Diagnosis of various substance use disorders should also be taken with special consideration in older adults given potential changes in physiology, cognitive functioning, and social roles. Treatment of older adults with substance use disorders can be pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic, depending on the patient’s needs. While there are several means and methods of identifying and treating substance use, much of the research and pharmacologic treatment options for older adult populations has been with alcohol use disorders. Non-pharmacologic and therapeutic treatment for various substance use disorders can be useful options in older adults as well. There is limited published research on substance use in older adults, and continued efforts to better measure this mounting public health problem and develop age-specific and culturally appropriate treatments and interventions are needed to ensure optimal health outcomes.
Interfacial Nanoprecipitation toward Stable and Responsive Microbubbles and Their Use as a Resuscitative Fluid.

A new approach has been developed to prepare stable microbubbles (MBs) by interfacial nanoprecipitation of bioabsorbable polymers at air/liquid interfaces. This facile method offers robust control over the morphology and chemophysical properties of MBs by simple chemical modifications. This approach is amenable to large-scale manufacturing, and is useful to develop functional MBs for advanced biomedical applications. To demonstrate this, a MB-based intravenous oxygen carrier was created that undergoes pH-triggered self-elimination. Intravenous injection of previous MBs increased the risk of pulmonary vascular obstruction. However, we show, for the first time, that our current design is superior, as they 1) yielded no evidence of acute risks in rodents, and 2) improved the survival in a disease model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (from 0 to 100 %), a condition that affects more than 100 000 in-hospital patients, and carries a mortality of about 90 %.
Deformation behavior of β′ and β′′′ precipitates in Mg-RE alloys

Abstract The deformation behavior of the coherent β′′′ phase in a Mg-Nd alloy and β′ phase in a Mg-Y alloy were determined by examining the aged microstructures both before and after deformation using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Both phases were sheared by dislocations with basal slip in Mg-Nd and basal and non-basal or slip in Mg-Y.
Association of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Career Development Awards With Subsequent Research Project Grant Funding.

Importance Investing in the next generation of researchers is essential, as recently highlighted in the 21st Century Cures Act. From its inception, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) has supported training and career development to ensure a robust pipeline of investigators who are prepared to lead their respective fields of inquiry. In recent years, the NICHD has emphasized institutional over individual training awards to a greater degree than many other National Institutes of Health institutes of similar size. Objective To evaluate the success of individuals supported by NICHD career development and training awards, as measured by subsequent application and receipt of independent National Institutes of Health research project grant funding. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study identified 417 physician-scholars who were supported by NICHD career development awards between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2001. This period was selected to allow adequate follow-up of research project grant applications and funding. Among these physician-scholars, 355 met inclusion criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the numbers of research project grant applications submitted and, of these, the numbers that were successfully funded. Results Among 355 physician-scientists, scholars who had an MD degree only and received a K award or both an individual K award and institutional K12 support were more likely than those who received only K12 support (individual K only vs institutional K12 only: odds ratio [OR], 4.86; 95% CI, 1.83-13.62; both K and K12 vs K12 only: OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.46-7.10) to apply for subsequent project grant funding (88.0% vs 82.8% vs 60.1%, respectively; P P Conclusions and Relevance Physician-scholars are more likely to apply for and receive a National Institutes of Health research grant if they are trained on an individual career development award, with or without an institutional training award. Based on the data, the NICHD intends to provide a greater proportion of its career development fund allocation to individual awards. The NICHD recognizes the importance of institutional awards and will continue to support them. The NICHD remains committed to training and intends to maintain its investment in training and career development awards going forward.
Status as Strategic Metals

Throughout US history, light metals have played a vital role in defense applications in everything from aircraft and ships to missiles, satellites, and batteries for electronic communications equipment. Especially since World War II, the need for these metals has been recognized, and various actions have been taken to ensure a readily available supply of sufficient quantities of these materials. Aluminum, beryllium, and magnesium have been included in the National Defense Stockpile (NDS) that was established after World War II to ensure a ready supply of these materials. This article looks at the changing uses for aluminum, beryllium, lithium, and magnesium in defense applications, the history and current status of the NDS as a means of ensuring sufficient mineral supplies, and future trends. Keywords: strategic; aluminum; magnesium; lithium; beryllium; stockpiling
The use of poetry in counselor training and supervision

ABSTRACTUsing an approach rooted in phenomenology and grounded theory, this qualitative study explored the use of poetry in counselor training. The first author created and implemented a poetry curriculum over a 15-week semester with graduate counseling students enrolled in either a practicum or internship course. Participants (N = 10) described themselves as Hispanic or Mexican-American (n = 5), White or Anglo (n = 4), Black (n = 1), female (n = 8), and male (n = 2). Ages ranged from 26 to 56. Data sources consisted of participants’ journals, individual interviews, a researcher’s observation journal, and consultation with the course instructors. Auerbach and Silverstein’s [2003. Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York, NY: New York University] data analysis method resulted in six overarching constructs: co-constructing meaning through meeting, shifting the clinical gaze to being-in, finding unique outcomes, creating a new self-knowledge, changing dominant stories/thickening the...
Dimerization inhibitors of HIV-1 protease: Effective inhibition requires the cross-linking of non-identical peptides

Since the first discovery that cross-linked peptides corresponding to the dimerization interface of HIV-1 PR (1) can effectively inhibit the formation of the active homodimer of HIV-1 protease [1], extensive work to improve upon this class of inhibitors has been done leading to smaller inhibitors such as 2. In the absence of structural data, questions of the binding locus of each peptide remain. Do the peptides bind differentially and would the use of identical peptides cross-linked to mimic the dimerization interface be more beneficial than a more tedious synthesis of differentially substituted inhibitors? To answer these questions and to gain further insight into the use of dimerization inhibitors a series of Identically Substituted Cross-linked Protease Inhibitors (ISCPIs) were synthesized and evaluated against Non-Identical Cross-linked Protease Inhibitors (NISCPIs). In all of the cases investigated (17) except for one, all ISCPIs were less potent than their corresponding NISCPIs. The one exception yielded a compound with similar potency as judged by the value, but one that did not inhibit HIV-1 PR through a dissociative mechanism.
PROTECTION OF FIRST-WALL HARDWARE DURING HIGH-POWER NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION INTO TFTR

The neutral beam permissive system on TFTR is designed to prevent damage to protective plates during neutral beam injection. The protective plates shield the vacuum vessel from direct neutral beam bombardment. They are not capable of withstanding an unattenuated 3.2 MW, 35 MW/m 2 , 2-second duration pulse from a single source. An active measurement of the protective plate surface temperature was forgone in favor of a system based upon comparison of various plasma parameters to thresholds. This system is used in conjunction with an administrative procedure to ensure appropriate settings of the thresholds for the requested power and duration. The system is used to afford some protection to the RF limiters as well.
LISTERIA | Detection by Colorimetric DNA Hybridization

Nucleic acid hybridization can be monitored colorimetrically when the DNA probe–nucleic acid target hybrids can be specifically linked to an enzyme catalyzing a reaction producing a colored product. Two commercial test kits based on this principle, GeneQuence Listeria and GeneQuence Listeria monocytogenes , have been developed by Neogen Corporation to detect Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in foods. A culturally enriched food sample can be rapidly assayed. The kits are based on DNA probes that hybridize to regions of ribosomal RNA that are specific to the genus Listeria or to the species L. monocytogenes . The detection probe is 5′-tagged with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A second target-specific probe with polyadenylate tails is used to attach any resulting hybrid complexes to polythymidylate-tailed nucleotides linked to a solid plastic substrate. Attachment facilitates washing away of excess reactants and impurities. The purified, captured, target probe hybrids are then detected by adding the substrates of HRP. The colored reaction product is measured spectrophotometrically. The test kits have been validated. They were developed from the corresponding precursor Genetrak test kits by directly labeling the detector probe with HRP instead of indirectly using an HRP-labeled antibody to fluorescein tags on the detector probe. This direct method required that the hybridization temperature be markedly lowered by use of formamide. A microwell strip format, which simplifies washing procedures and is more conducive to automation, replaced the original dipstick format.
Simulating spatial-temporal pulse events in criminal site selection problems

Previous academic research has identified the correlation between special events and crime rates within cities. However, in much of the previous work, the focus was either on spatial or temporal analysis related to the evolution of local crime patterns in conjunction with the special events. This research uses a hybrid agent-based simulation to examine the impact of temporal pulse events on the criminal site selection process. The simulation provides researchers with a method for adjusting both the temporal and spatial patterns in response to a series of a-priori special events. Using the data from this simulation, we illustrate the effectiveness of a new modeling approach. Initial results show that adding a hierarchical framework to a feature-space regression model improves crime prediction accuracy and offers the law enforcement analyst better insight into both the temporal and spatial considerations of criminals. Improving the ability of law enforcement to identify, and prepare for, spatial-temporal shifts in crime patterns will significantly enhance proactive policing operations and resource allocation planning in support of large special events.
Drosophila Endurance Training and Assessment of Its Effects on Systemic Adaptations

Exercise induces beneficial systemic adaptations that reduce the incidence of age-related diseases. However, the molecular pathways that elicit these adaptations are not well understood. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the exercise response can lead to widely beneficial therapies. Large populations, relatively short lifespan, and easily modifiable genetics make Drosophila a well-suited model system for complex, longitudinal studies. We have developed an enforced climbing apparatus for Drosophila, known as the Power Tower, for the study of systemic exercise adaptations. The Power Tower takes advantage of the fly's natural instinct for negative geotaxis, an innate behavior to run upwards after being tapped to the bottom of their vial. Flies will continuously run either to the point of exhaustion or until the machine is turned off, whichever comes first. After 3 weeks of exercise, male Drosophila adapt to training with a number of conserved, easily quantifiable physiological improvements similar to those seen in mammalian models and humans. Here, we describe a useful endurance training protocol and a suite of post-training assessments that effectively quantify training effects.
An Early Anthropocene Analog: The Geomorphology and Hydrology of the Rio Bravo Watershed in the Belize Tropics

The fluviokarst Rio Bravo watershed of Belize Central America is about 400 km2. More importantly, it has global implications for the long-term human alteration of a tropical forest. We have studied this watershed’s geomorphology and archaeology since 1995. We have documented many ancient Maya modifications like terraces, wetland canals and fields, and reservoirs. We have recently been able to quantify canals and wetland field complexes. We have found four main agricultural zones that date back as early as 2000 BP but came to fruition from 1300 to 1000 BP, at the end of Maya Classic and the beginnings of the Post Classic. These canal complexes extended the known area of wetlands and altered river and karst geomorphology in this watershed.
Sex ratio among childhood cancers by single year of age.

Background The male excess in childhood cancer incidence is well-established; however, the underlying biologic mechanisms remain unknown. Examining the association between male sex and childhood cancer by single year of age and tumor type may highlight important periods of risk such as variation in growth and hormonal changes, which will inform etiologic hypotheses. Methods Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries (2000-2015), incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated as the measure of association between male sex and childhood cancer by single year of age (0-19). Results The IRR for male cancer overall was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.18-1.20) and was similar in magnitude at nearly every year of age. Burkitt lymphoma was strongly associated with male sex (IRRs ≥2 at each year of age). Increased incidence was observed among males for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas for nearly all years of age. Medulloblastoma was the only central nervous system tumor with a significant male predominance at nearly every age. Male sex displayed a consistent inverse association with nephroblastoma and thyroid carcinoma over the ages studied. Conclusions Male sex was positively associated with most cancers. The higher incidence rates observed in males remained consistent over the childhood and adolescent periods, suggesting that childhood and adolescent hormonal fluctuations may not be the primary driving factor for the sex disparities in childhood cancer. The observed incidence disparities may be due to sex differences in exposures, genetics, or immune responses.
Inka Militarism at the Pambamarca Complex in Northern Ecuador

In this article, we present research on Inka actions in the face of resistance by indigenous peoples on the northern frontier. We link fieldwork at the Pambamarca complex in northern Ecuador with historic documents to provide important context for further examining imperial processes. With its three site types, Pambamarca offers an opportunity to examine the range of tendencies that groups undergo during imperial moments. Its sites show evidence of both direct displays and the materialization of forceful control or takeover, as well as the more passive, nonsettler, decentralized hegemonic narratives also commonly associated with empire. Here we present detailed data for Inka military installations used to confront a prolonged resistance by the Pais Caranqui, a decentralized confederation of Caranqui-Cayambe peoples. Evidence from surveys and excavations— including architectural planning, distribution of artifacts, and military encounters—at two large sites in the complex, Quitoloma and Campana Pucara, helps expand our current understandings of the Inka invasion in northern Ecuador while broadening our perspective on the imperial narrative in South America.
Unintentional injury deaths among American Indian residents of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, 2006–2012

This study aims to describe the epidemiology of unintentional injury deaths among American Indian residents of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation between 2006 and 2012. Unintentional injury death data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Health Services and death rates were calculated per 100 000 people per year and age adjusted using data obtained from Indian Health Service and the age distribution of the 2010 US Census. Rate ratios were calculated using the comparison data obtained through CDC’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. The overall unintentional injury mortality rate among American Indians residing on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation between 2006 and 2012 was 107.0 per 100 000. When stratified by age, White Mountain Apache Tribe (WMAT) mortality rates for all unintentional injuries exceed the US all races rate except for ages 10–14 for which there were no deaths due to unintentional injury during this period. The leading causes of unintentional injury deaths were MVCs and poisonings. Unintentional injuries are a significant public health problem in the American Indian and Alaska Native communities. Tribal-specific analyses are critical to inform targeted prevention and priority setting.
Verification Scheme and System Design of Charging Pile Electric Energy Measurement

Design a charging pile electric energy verification device to improve the electric energy measurement accuracy of the charging pile. The device is mainly used for detecting whether the charging pile can be correctly configured, including a tariff period, a billing unit power, a billing rate, and the like, and detecting the communication reliability of the charging station. The test charges the pile output data by the broadband current comparator. Through RS485 communication mode, the instrumentation communication with the charging pile is always used to improve the accuracy of detection and measurement. The design and development of the DC charging pile verification device promoted the construction of the charging infrastructure and solved the charging problem of the electric vehicle.
TRANSLATOR Database—A Vision for a Multi-Institutional Research Network

The formation of the CTSI One Health Alliance (COHA) network has generated the infrastructure necessary to support “Big Data” collaborative comparative and translational research in veterinary medicine. We describe the first step in the design, implementation, and dissemination of a collaborative information technology infrastructure that will serve the public and clinicians (COHA public/member based web site at https://ctsaonehealthalliance.org/) and its research focused COHA Research Workbench application. The core research infrastructure, TRANSLATOR (TRanslational ANimal Shared ColLAboraTive Observational Research), represents the foundation of a federated research-capable network to enable pooling large datasets from both electronic health records and publications. The public facing COHA website is a mechanism for both the dissemination of knowledge to the public and to foster collaborations amongst veterinary clinician scientists and the greater medical research community.
Bioavailability of clay-adsorbed dioxin to Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 and its associated genome-wide shifts in gene expression

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are a group of chemically-related pollutants categorically known as dioxins. Some of their chlorinated congeners are among the most hazardous pollutants that persist in the environment. This persistence is due in part to the limited number of bacteria capable of metabolizing these compounds, but also to their limited bioavailability in soil. We used Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 (RW1), one of the few strains able to grow on dioxin, to characterize its ability to respond to and degrade clay-bound dioxin. We found that RW1 grew on and completely degraded dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) intercalated into the smectite clay saponite (SAP). To characterize the effects of DD sorption on RW1 gene expression, we compared transcriptomes of RW1 grown with either free crystalline DD or DD intercalated clay, i.e. sandwiched between the clay interlayers (DDSAP). Free crystalline DD appeared to cause greater expression of toxicity and stress related functions. Genes coding for heat shock proteins, chaperones, as well as genes involved in DNA repair, and efflux were up-regulated during growth on crystalline dioxin compared to growth on intercalated dioxin. In contrast, growth on intercalated dioxin up-regulated genes that might be important in recognition and uptake mechanisms, as well as surface interaction/attachment/biofilm formation such as extracellular solute-binding protein and LuxR. These differences in gene expression may reflect the underlying adaptive mechanisms by which RW1 cells sense and deploy pathways to access dioxin intercalated into clay. These data show that intercalated DD remains bioavailable to the degrading bacterium with implications for bioremediation alternatives.
Conditional density estimation and simulation through optimal transport

A methodology to estimate from samples the probability density of a random variable x conditional to the values of a set of covariates $$\{z_{l}\}$$ is proposed. The methodology relies on a data-driven formulation of the Wasserstein barycenter, posed as a minimax problem in terms of the conditional map carrying each sample point to the barycenter and a potential characterizing the inverse of this map. This minimax problem is solved through the alternation of a flow developing the map in time and the maximization of the potential through an alternate projection procedure. The dependence on the covariates $$\{z_{l}\}$$ is formulated in terms of convex combinations, so that it can be applied to variables of nearly any type, including real, categorical and distributional. The methodology is illustrated through numerical examples on synthetic and real data. The real-world example chosen is meteorological, forecasting the temperature distribution at a given location as a function of time, and estimating the joint distribution at a location of the highest and lowest daily temperatures as a function of the date.
Sleep duration, handgun carrying, and taking a handgun to school: an analysis of a statewide sample of Florida youth

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether sleep duration is associated with adolescent handgun carrying behaviors. Design The Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS) is a cross-sectional study of adolescents. Setting The state of Florida. Participants Middle school and high school students (n = 42,182) attending public schools in 2018. Methods Dichotomous measures of general handgun carrying and taking a handgun to school within the past 12 months were modeled as dependent variables. Self-reports of hours slept on an average school night were used to construct multiple indicators of sleep duration (ordinal, dichotomous, and hourly dummy variable series) to predict general handgun carrying and taking a handgun to school in logistic regression models when accounting for several covariates. Results Adjusting for model covariates, youth who reported sleeping four or fewer hours at night had 40% greater odds of general handgun carrying than youth who reported sleeping eight or more hours. Likewise, youth who reported sleeping four or fewer hours at night had 85% greater odds of taking a handgun to school than youth who reported sleeping eight or more hours. Youth who reported sleeping five, six, or seven hours were no more likely to report handgun-carrying behaviors than youth who reported sleeping eight or more hours. Conclusions Among youth in Florida, severe deficits in sleep are associated with general handgun carrying as well as taking a handgun to school. More modest sleep deficits are not associated with these behaviors.
Feasibility of pharmacist co-management for patients prescribed oral anticancer therapy for gastrointestinal cancers.

77Background: There is an increased use of oral anti-cancer therapies (OACTs) for treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. While OACTs provide convenience compared to IV agents, they carry simil...
Goya, o de la Ilustración como adumbramiento: Variaciones contemporáneas de Farideh Lashai a Los desastres de la guerra de Goya

Resuming the conversation on Goya’s oeuvre that took place in the special issue of Romance Quarterly in 2007, this article pays attention to Goya’s Disasters of the War. Through a comparative readi...
Applying Risk Management Concepts from CRM and the Outdoor Recreation Industry to Academic Archaeology Projects

Field safety is being taken more seriously across the cultural resource management (CRM) industry as CRM companies seek to be in compliance with their clients’ health and safety programs and to keep employees safe. Many universities also have organizational health and safety programs designed to protect students and employees, but academic archaeology is routinely conducted without adequate risk management planning. Risk management will be a workplace concern for aspiring archaeologists after graduating from college, which is why it is important for academic archaeology to meet industry standards. Archaeology can learn a great deal about fieldwork risk management from the outdoor recreation industry, which emphasizes building leadership skills rather than following proscribed rules and regulations to mitigate the myriad hazards in the field. This article provides some suggestions that academic archaeologists can use to apply risk management concepts from CRM and the outdoor recreation industry to academic projects in order to comply with university requirements and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), as well as to teach students how to be safe in the field.
A One-factor Model for Expected Night-minus-day Stock Returns

We propose a one-factor model for expected night-minus-day (NMD) returns and use it to examine the economic forces underlying NMD return predictabilities. Our model successfully prices a large set of NMD portfolios with a cross-sectional R2 around 80%. Consistent with the absence of near-arbitrage opportunities, the pricing factor has substantial exposure to the dominant common risks in the NMD return space. Finally, we link the pricing factor to retail order imbalances at the market open and the required returns from liquidity provision. Our findings point to a pricing equilibrium in which liquidity providers require compensation for accommodating sentiment-driven demand.
Shark Side of the Moon: Are Shark Attacks Related to Lunar Phase?

Animals across taxa have shown behaviors linked to moon phase (or the proxy of lunar illumination), and marine organisms are well-documented to calibrate certain activities with the moon. Few studies have looked at a possible connection between moon phase and shark attacks on humans, and the results have been preliminary or lacking relationships. We used nearly 50 years of shark attack data from across the globe to test for a relationship between shark attacks and moon phase. We examined factors of geography, shark species, and outcome of attack. From 12 relationships that we tested (totaling 120 comparisons), we found 12 significant outcomes, of which five were positive (i.e., more attacks than expected) and seven were negative (i.e., fewer attacks than expected). Specifically, all the instances of more shark attacks than expected occurred at lunar illumination >50%, while all the instances of fewer shark attacks than expected occurred at lunar illumination of <50%. The findings presented here provide global evidence that shark attacks may be related to moon phase, and such information could be useful toward evaluating attack risk and developing recommendations for water-based recreational activities.
Investigation of Mask Efficiency for Loose-fitting Masks against Ultrafine Particles and Effect on Airway Deposition Efficiency

ABSTRACT Ultrafine particle (i.e., smaller than 100 nm) in the ambient air is a significant public health issue. The inhalation and deposition of ultrafine particles in the human airways can lead to various adverse health effects. Loose-fitting types of masks are commonly used by the general public in some developing countries for protecting against ultrafine particles in the ambient environment. This research conducted a series of laboratory chamber experiments using two sets of particle sizers and two mannequin heads to study the mask efficiency of selected loose-fitting masks. Results acquired demonstrated that the cloth mask showed a low mask efficiency against ultrafine particles with the mask efficiency generally less than 0.4. The KN95 presented a better mask efficiency among all tested masks with the mask efficiency overall larger than 0.5. In addition, the effect of mask-wearing on the change of ultrafine particle airway deposition efficiency was also investigated in this study. The ultrafine particle deposition efficiency in the airway section studied was found to decrease due to mask-wearing, and the decreases of the deposition efficiencies were similar among all loose-fitting masks tested.
Decision Making by the Modern Supreme Court: Avoiding Another Self-Inflicted Wound

By including Footnote Four in the Carolene Products decision, the Supreme Court was, in essence, admitting that it had overreached. It was also trying to salvage some of its institutional integrity. Loathe to repeat its jurisprudence of the recent past in which it had struck down numerous New Deal programs as unconstitutional, it set out to chart a different course. Rather than write its own views on economic policy matters into constitutional law, the Court would presume such legislation to be constitutional (Miller 1968). It was retreating from the wanton judicial activism of substantive due process that occasionally marked its economic jurisprudence. As we noted in Chapters 5 and 6, this change in orientation allowed the Court to pivot to a greater emphasis on individual rights and liberties issues. The effect of this new posture was to bring relative stability to its constitutional economic decisions for decades to come. By clearing out the constitutional underbrush, the Court could begin to address and resolve the narrower statutory economic cases that are the subject of Chapter 8. Therefore, in articulating the Court's legal standard for assessing the constitutionality of economic cases, Footnote Four brought stability to the law and enabled the institution to turn its focus to what it considered more pressing issues. Although even the most seasoned observers would be hard-pressed to generate a list of the Warren Court's economic cases decided on constitutional grounds, the cases it did hear reflected this new deference toward governmental action in the economic realm.
Finding a Hidden Code by Asking Questions

We study the problem of finding a hidden code k in the domain {1, ..., m}n in the presence of an oracle which, for any x in the domain, answers a pair of numbers a(x,k) and b(x,k) such that a(x,k) is the number of components coinciding in x and k and, b(x, k) is the sum of a(x, k) and the number of components occurring in both x and k but, not at the same position. We show that \(\left\lceil {\frac{m}{n}} \right\rceil\)+ 2nlogn + 2n + 2 queries are sufficient to find any hidden code if m ≥ n.