cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telomerase activity in pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) have variable prognoses, and predictors of survival are lacking. PETs can be difficult to distinguish histologically from aggressive pancreatic neoplasms such as acinar cell carcinoma. Telomerase is a ribonuclear protein that maintains the length of the telomere and induces cell immortality. Telomerase is present in 95% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Our aim is to determine telomerase activity in PETs and investigate its potential role as a prognostic indicator. METHODS: Telomerase detection using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol was performed on frozen surgical archived pancreatic endocrine tissue from 30 patients with PETs identified by light microscopy (hematoxylin-eosin stain). All results were confirmed with internal controls. A patient’s survival was measured from the time of surgery. Acinar cell differentiation (presence of zymogen granules) was determined by electron microscopy. Follow-up data were acquired via telephone interview, medical record review, and death certificates. RESULTS: Three of 30 PETs diagnosed by light microscopy were telomerase positive: three were considered nonfunctional, and two of these three patients had extrapancreatic disease. All three telomerase-positive cases were reclassified as either acinar cell carcinoma (two cases) or mixed acinar-endocrine cell carcinoma (one case). All three patients (mean age = 63 yr) died from tumor progression within 2 yr of surgery (mean = 1.6 yr ± 0.5 SD). The remaining PETs were telomerase negative: 13 insulinomas, four nonfunctional, two sporadic glucagonomas, one gastrinoma, one vipoma, one carcinoidlike PET, and five PETs from three patients with multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome type 1 and two patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Excluding insulinomas, 12 of 14 patients with telomerase-negative PETs had extrapancreatic disease. Nevertheless, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for these 12 patients were significantly longer than for patients with telomerase-positive acinar cell carcinoma (92% vs 0% at 2 yr, p = 0.001, log rank test). The survival of all telomerase-negative PETs (n = 27) was significantly longer than that of the patients with telomerase-positive acinar cell carcinoma (93% vs 0% at 2 yr, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity helps to identify acinar cell carcinomas that histologically resemble PETs, which accounts for the poor prognosis demonstrated in these patients. The absence of telomerase activity in most PETs may be responsible for their indolent clinical course. Telomerase may identify potentially progressive tumors, such as acinar cell carcinoma, and may be useful in selecting patients for more aggressive treatment.
Black Women's Body Image: An Analysis of Culture-Specific Influences

A review of the literature on racial differences in body image in Black and White women indicates body image dissatisfaction is more common in White females than Black females. However, Black women are not protected from body image issues. Research on body image concerns specifically related to Black women is limited. The present study involves focus group and individual interviews conducted with 16 Black women. Data were analyzed using qualitative methodology. Results indicate 6 major themes, with shapely and curvaceous ideal body image standards within the Black community as the most prevalent theme across data sources. Therapeutic implications emphasize recognition of culture-specific ideal standards of beauty, as well as the influence of external factors such as men, family, peers, and media on Black women's self-evaluations.
The Ethics of Extension: Philosophical Speculation on Nonhuman Animals

In contrast to rigid conceptions of nonhuman animals, several philosophers have put forth ideas that suggest a more flexible and extended vision of other animals. In articulating the condition of humans in the world, philosophers have referenced ideas that necessarily bring other beings in common with humanity. Significantly, conceptions of movement and biological transformation have played a central role in these ruminations, thereby suggesting the importance of geographical variables in human/nonhuman relations. By drawing out the connections between these perspectives, this paper outlines an ethics of extension.
Hippocampal lesions in rats differentially affect long- and short-trace eyeblink conditioning

Extensive previous research has implicated the hippocampus as an important structure for the acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning. Evidence from multiple species and various lesioning methods shows that the disruption of conditioned responding (CR) may be partially dependent on the relative lengths of the conditioned stimulus (CS) period and the trace interval. The present study systematically manipulated the length of the CS and the trace interval while matching the interstimulus intervals (ISI) in rats with or without ibotenic acid hippocampal lesions. The long-trace interval condition had a CS duration of 50 ms and a trace interval of 500 ms. The short-trace interval condition had a 500 ms CS and a 50 ms trace interval. We found that control animals in the long-trace interval condition learned at a slower rate than the control animals in the short-trace interval condition. Lesioned animals in both the trace conditions showed deficits in acquisition. Lesioned animals in the short-trace interval condition acquired conditioned responses at a rate almost identical to that of the control animals in the long-trace interval condition. CR onset latencies were impaired for lesioned animals. Peak latencies were not different, indicating no difference in the adaptiveness of the CRs. These results suggest that while the hippocampus is important for acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning, performance also depends on the parameters used for the task. In particular, the relative lengths of the CS period and the trace interval appear to be important.
Computer-Generated and Phase-Only Synthetic Discriminant Function Filters,

The laboratory realization of smart matched spatial filters (specifically snythetic discriminant functions) is considered and studied via computer simulation. The realization of these distortion-invariant correlator functions by computer-generated hologram and other methods is considered. Multiclass filters are addressed in this work. Phase-only filters and filters with a quantized number of amplitude and phase levels are considered. Phase-only filters are found to perform well for some imagery, but filters with some amplitude response are preferable. We also considered the number of phase and magnitude levels required and found four levels of each to be adequate.
Composition dependence of a field variable along the binary fluid mixture critical locus

Abstract There are several classes of field variables used to extend the principle of critical-point universality to binary fluid mixtures. In particular, one can construct a field variable with sufficient flexibility to allow linearity in composition along the critical locus for the large class of binary systems with a critical line which is monotonic in temperature. This choice of hidden field variable has been used extensively in studies of vapor-liquid equilibrium, but a recent study of an alternative class of field variables suggests that linearity in composition along the critical locus cannot, in principle, be imposed exactly. It is demonstrated that several arguments presented by proponents of this proposition do not, in fact, apply to the field variable constructed in our studies.
Screening for human papillomavirus infections of the lower genital tract

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the etiologic agents in the development of lower genital tract neoplasia. Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer include high risk HPV subtype, persistent infection, high viral load, immunosuppression, tobacco use, and absence of cytologic screening. Strategies to increase the yield on screening for cervical neoplasia have included the use of HPV subtyping. This review summarizes the studies of HPV testing as a primary screening test, an adjunct for screening low and high risk populations, and for follow-up in women with persistent squamous intraepithelial lesions. Use of HPV screening is not yet applicable to populations with successful screening programs in place. Molecular markers for progression to cancer in women with persistent high risk HPV infections need to be discovered.
Absorption and bleaching dynamics of initiator in thick photopolymer exposed to Gaussian illumination

To correctly develop numerical model for any photopolymerization, understanding the initiation chemistry in both space and time is required. In photopolymer materials both the complex initiator chemistry and diffusion properties have similar timescales. To fully understand this spacial and temporal evolution we developed a number of experiments to isolate these effects. We show that for Irgacure 784 in a polymer host that the chemical reaction and diffusion are strongly coupled. We demonstrate the importance of isolating these processes.
Exploring international clinical education in US-based programs: identifying common practices and modifying an existing conceptual model of international service-learning

AbstractBackground: Increasingly physical therapist students complete part of their clinical training outside of their home country. This trend is understudied. The purposes of this study were to: (1) explore, in depth, various international clinical education (ICE) programs; and (2) determine whether the Conceptual Model of Optimal International Service-Learning (ISL) could be applied or adapted to represent ICE.Methods: Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze ICE programs and consider modification of an existing ISL conceptual model for ICE. Fifteen faculty in the United States currently involved in ICE were interviewed. The interview transcriptions were systematically analyzed by two researchers.Results: Three models of ICE practices emerged: (1) a traditional clinical education model where local clinical instructors (CIs) focus on the development of clinical skills; (2) a global health model where US-based CIs provide the supervision in the international setting, and learning outcomes emphasi...
Effects of Adult Romantic Attachment and Social Support on Resilience and Depression in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause psychological consequences that negatively affect quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that factors such as resilience and social support may produce a buffering effect and are associated with improved health outcomes. However, the influence of adult attachment style on an individual’s ability to utilize social support after SCI has not been examined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between adult romantic attachment, perceived social support, depression, and resilience in individuals with SCI. In addition, we evaluated potential mediating effects of social support and adult attachment on resilience and depression. Methods: Participants included 106 adults with SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Individuals completed measures of adult attachment (avoidance and anxiety), social support, resilience, and depression. Path analysis was performed to assess for presence of mediation effects. Results: When accounting f...
Dilatability to Quantum Linear Cellular Automata

Reversibility is one of the most important characteristics of microscopic mechanisms in physics. It is our aim in this paper to describe some classes of linear cellular automata(LCAs) that can be studied in terms of an associated reversibleLCA. We prove that any given LCA having as local transition map a row contraction can be dilated to a LCA having a local rule with isometric components. We finally show that a LCAsuch that its global transition function is a partial isometry has a quantum LCA power dilation which is reversible.
Effects of Mass Transfer on Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary-Layer Properties

Turbulent boundary-layer profile measurements on a sharp 7.25° half angle porous cone have been made at Mach 8. The data obtained have been analyzed in the form of integral parameters. These results were correlated as a function of the blowing parameter and compared to currently used thickness prediction methods employed in the aerospace industry. Revised correlations based on the available data have been generated. The sensitivity of the velocity profile exponent to distance from the end of transition and mass addition has been established. Finally, the applicability of the Crocco theory for flows with mass addition has been examined.
Leveraging mobility to improve quality of service in mobile networks

Existing solutions for QoS-aware routing in mobile multihop networks attempt to discover a QoS-satisfactory route for the user at the user's current location. If a suitable route is not available at the current location, the user is denied access. This approach does not take advantage of the special characteristics of mobile multihop networks. That is, users in these networks are mobile and their connectivity is dependent on their location and the locations of other users. By changing their location, users can alter their connectivity characteristics and potentially obtain better service from the network. In this paper, we propose enhancing QoS-aware routing protocols to take advantage of this characteristic. With our solution, if a satisfactory route is not available at the user's current location, the protocol discovers a nearby location where a better route is available. The user can then choose to move to the suggested location to improve the received quality of service. We demonstrate our idea by appropriately extending a QoS-sensitive version of the AODV routing protocol, and presenting a simulation-based evaluation. Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our idea.
The utility of intraoperative ultrasound in modified radical neck dissection: a pilot study.

Background. Although the value of surgeon-performed neck ultrasound (SPUS) for thyroid nodules has been validated, the utility of intraoperative ultrasound (US) in modified radical neck dissection ...
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

This common disorder, which ranges from mild, spontaneously resolving instability in the newborn to complete dislocation with secondary acetabular and proximal femoral deformity, continues to provoke debate about its assessment and management.
The Myth Incarnate: Recoupling Processes, Turmoil, and Inhabited Institutions in an Urban Elementary School:

The study of institutional myths has been central to organizational sociology, cultural sociology, and the sociology of education for 30 years. This article examines how the myth concept has been u...
The Family Therapy of Attempted Suicide

Suicidal behavior is a multidetermined act based upon a variety of factors among which family tensions and patterns of interaction predominate. Family therapy, nevertheless, is underutilized for suicidal situations because too few practitioners possess the requisite skills in both suicidology and family treatment. This paper attempts to integrate the two fields, describes some assessment procedures, and presents an account of the method of family therapy utilized by the author with suicidal persons. The basic goals of therapy are to help initiate and to catalyze a healing process that will enable the participants to accept changes in both individual and family existence; to decrease the amount of destructive family interaction; to deal with the inevitable anxiety that accompanies growth and development; to make contact with and among the family members; and to provide hope.
Social Class in Public Schools

This article shows the pattern of socioeconomic class differences in schooling outcomes and indicates some of the causes for those differences that lie within the public realm. Those causes include “nested inequalities” across boundaries of states, school districts, schools within a district, classes within a school, and sometimes separation within a class. In addition, urban public schools demonstrate a particular set of problems that generate differential schooling outcomes by economic class. The article also demonstrates ways in which class biases are closely entwined with racial and ethnic inequities. It concludes with the broad outlines of what would be necessary to reduce class (and racial) disparities in American public schools. The American dream will succeed or fail in the 21st century in direct proportion to our commitment to educate every person in the United States of America. —President Bill Clinton, 1995 (Clinton, 1995: 617) There is no greater test of our national responsibility than the quality of the education we provide. —Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore, 2000 (Gore, 2000) Both parties have been talking about education for quite a while. It's time to come together to get it done, so that we can truthfully say in America: No child will be left behind. —President George W. Bush, 2001 (Bush, 2001)
On operators, superoperators, hamiltonians, and liouvillians

In the quantum theory of matter, the wavefunctions Ψ form a linear space {Ψ} which serves as a carrier space for the operators F corresponding to physical observables as well as for the system operatorsΓ associated with physical ensembles. The mappings of the operators T in turn are called superoperators, and, of particular importance are the Liouvillian and the superevolution operator used in describing the time dependence of the system operators Γ(t). The theory of such superoperators is reviewed in some detail. By studying the time dependence of expectation values (F) and time-correlation functions (F(t)G(t')), the connection between the superoperator approach and the conventional propagator method is explored. The eigenvalue problem of the superoperators is treated, and the principle importance of the superresolvents and the practical usefulness of the partitioning technique are employed. The “inner projections” of superoperators with respect to both orthogonal projectors and skew projectors are studied, and it is shown that they render “rational approximations” of the quantities involved which are always convergent. It is finally shown that the partitioning technique may be used also in solving the time-dependent Liouville equation.
The Piston-Driven Shock Wave

In Chapter 2, the effects of cross-sectional area variations on the motion of an initially uniform shock wave were determined with no reference to the method of generation of the shock. It is the purpose of the present chapter to consider the additional effects of waves reflected back from a piston, the initially uniform motion of which generated the shock. The solutions contain, as special cases, the solutions for the corresponding problems in conventional gas dynamic flows. The effects of small non-uniformities in piston motion on the propagation of an initially uniform shock wave in a uniform duct was determined in [5] and [6]; in ducts with linear area variations (cylindrical shock wave) in [6] and [12]; in ducts with quadratic area variations (spherical shock wave) in [17]; in ducts with arbitrary area variations in [18] and [19].
Effect of Pressure on Order and Stability in Alloys: The Case of Al-Ge

A parameter-free approach to phase stability in substitutional alloys is applied to the influence of pressure on order-disorder phenomena in Al-Ge. The methodology is based upon an application of the Generalized Perturbation Method to the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker scattering formulation of the Coherent Potential Approximation. For fcc-based Al-Ge alloys, it is shown that the tendency towards phase separation at normal pressure originates from a structural difference between the pure species. By applying pressure, the structural energy difference is reduced, and a significant increase in the tendency towards order, especially for Al-rich alloys, is theoretically observed, leading, as an example, to the possible observation of a DO{sub 22} ordered state around 25 at. %. The electronic origin of the ordering tendencies induced by pressure is discussed and the theoretical predictions are related to experimental facts.
Fault-tolerance for off-the-shelf applications and hardware

The concept of middleware provides a transparent way to augment and change the characteristics of a service provider as seen from a client. Fault tolerant policies are ideal candidates for middleware implementation. We have defined and implemented operating system based middleware support that provides the power and flexibility needed by diverse fault tolerant policies. This mechanism, called the sentry, has been built into the UNIX 4.3 BSD operating system server running on a Mach 3.0 kernel. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism several policies have been implemented using sentries including checkpointing and journaling. The implementation shows that complex fault tolerant policies can be efficiently and transparently implemented as middleware. Performance overhead of input journaling is less than 5% and application suspension during the checkpoint is typically under 10 seconds in length. A standard hard disk is used to store journal and checkpoint information with dedicated storage requirements of less than 20 MB. >
The Evolution of a Stratospheric Wave Packet

This work examines the extent to which a few basic concepts that apply to plane waves, for example, the refraction of waves up the gradient of the index of refraction, apply to stratospheric planetary waves. This is done by studying the relation between group velocity (Cg) and the wave activity velocity, which is defined as the Eliassen‐Palm flux divided by the wave activity density ( Va 5 F/A). It is shown that although in the limit of plane waves Va equals Cg, the two velocities are not equal for stratospheric waves, because of reflection, tunneling, and superposition. The use of conservation of wave activity to understand the spatial variations of wave structure is explored. This is done by defining a wave activity packet as part of the wave that moves with Va. Integral lines of Va are then used to keep track of the wave packet location and volume. In the idealized case of an almost-plane wave, conservation of wave activity leads to variations in the amplitude of the wave when it is refracted by the slowly varying basic state. This effect is related to changes in wave packet volume. The wave activity packet framework is used to examine the importance of the ‘‘volume effect’’ for explaining the spatial variations of stratospheric waves. The wave packet formulation is also used to study the evolution of a wave propagating from the troposphere to the stratosphere. It is shown that the consequence of the polar night jet being a leaky waveguide is that perturbations initially concentrate up into the waveguide and only later leak out to the equatorial region. This can explain the observed stratospheric wave life cycle of baroclinic growth followed by a barotropic stage. Finally, integral lines of Va are used to estimate vertical propagation timescales of an observed wave, and it is shown that this estimate is consistent with linear wave dynamics.
Are Serial BNP Measurements Useful in Heart Failure Management? Serial Natriuretic Peptide Measurements Are Not Useful in Heart Failure Management: The Art of Medicine Remains Long

Natriuretic peptides, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP), have emerged as powerful markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with heart failure.1 Circulating natriuretic peptide (NP) levels add incremental prognostic value to standard clinical risk stratification algorithms for both ambulatory and hospitalized heart failure patients, with a steady increase in the risk of mortality and recurrent heart failure hospitalization as NT-proBNP levels rise above 1000 pg/mL.2–5 A systematic review of 19 studies of patients with heart failure demonstrated that for every 100-pg/mL rise in BNP concentration, there was a corresponding 35% increase in the relative risk of death.6 Response by Januzzi and Troughton on p 516 Beyond the prognostic value of a single NP measurement, changes in NP concentrations over time may help to further stratify risk.2,7 Reductions in NP levels, whether achieved spontaneously or through application of appropriate medical therapy, appear to be associated with improvement in clinical outcomes.8,9 In the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial, subjects with the largest proportional reductions in BNP levels at 4 months after randomization experienced the best outcomes, whereas those with the greatest increase in BNP levels experienced the highest event rates.7 Among patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure, both predischarge NP levels and the relative change in NP levels during hospital treatment are strong predictors of the risk for death or hospital readmission at 6 months.8,10,11 In addition to their association with risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, circulating levels of NP appear to vary in relationship to the biology of heart failure progression. NP levels tend to rise during acute heart failure decompensation and to fall with successful treatment in a pattern that mirrors reductions in filling pressure, improvements in left ventricular structure and function, …
Distinguished Lecture in Archeology: Breaking and Entering the Ecosystem—Gender, Class, and Faction Steal the Show

This article was presented as the third annual Distinguished Lecture in Archeology at the 90th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 22, 1991, in Chicago, Illinois.
Crystal structure and nmr conformation of a cyclic pseudotetrapeptide containing urethane backbone linkages

Urethane bonds, derived from the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine side chain, have been investigated as a new type of amide bond mimetic in the design of pseudopeptides. The structure of a representative cyclic pseudotetrapeptide that consists of an -Ala-Tyr(urethane)Ala-Tyr(urethane) sequence fused into a rigid ring has been studied in the solid state by x-ray crystallography and in solution by two-dimensional nmr techniques. The cyclic pseudotetrapeptide has an oblong shape. The backbone urethane bonds assume a trans-trans conformation. The carbonyl groups in the ring have an alternating pattern of down, up, down, up with respect to the average ring plane. Solution nmr studies give observed nuclear Overhauser effects and coupling constants largely in agreement with the crystal structure. However, in solution the observed structure is likely to be conformationally averaged, and in the averaged structure, the urethane bond is perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic ring of the tyrosine, while in the crystal it is close to this plane. These differences may be explained by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Four aspects of the conformation of the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide were investigated in detail: the tyrosine residue with the attached side-chain urethane bond (the tyrosine-urethane unit), the conformation of the two urethane backbone linkages, the conformation of the two conventional peptide bonds within this unusual ring structure, and the tight turns within the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide. The conformation of the tight turns present in the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide is very similar to that of a beta-bend of type II. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding, joining adjacent layers of the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide in the solid state, resemble a parallel beta-pleated sheet. The presence of these structural motifs in the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide indicates that the tyrosine urethane unit may find applications in peptide and protein engineering.
Modeling and Analysis of an 80-Gbit/s SiGe HBT Electrooptic Modulator

We present a rigorous electrical and optical analysis of a strained and graded base SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) electrooptic (EO) modulator. In this paper, we propose a 2-D model for a graded base SiGe HBT structure that is capable of operating at a data bit rate of 80 Gbit/s or higher. In this structure, apart from a polysilicon/monosilicon emitter (Width = 0.12 μm) and a strained SiGe graded base (Depth = 40 nm) , a selectively implanted collector (SIC) (Depth = 0.6 μm) is introduced. Furthermore, the terminal characteristics of this new device modeled using MEDICI are closely compared with the SiGe HBT in the IBM production line, suggesting the possibility of fast deployment of the EO modulator using established commercial processing. At a subcollector depth of 0.4 μm and at a base-emitter swing of 0 to 1.1 V, this model predicts a rise time of 5.1 ps and a fall time of 3.6 ps. Optical simulations predict a π phase shift length (Lπ) of 240.8 μm with an extinction ratio of 7.5 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Additionally, the tradeoff between the switching speed, Lπ and propagation loss with a thinner subcollector is analyzed and reported.
Complications after double-barreled wet colostomy compared to separate urinary and fecal diversion during pelvic exenteration: Time to change back?

Abstract Objective To assess complications associated with double-barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) in the first six months after pelvic exenteration as compared to separate urinary and fecal diversion (SUD). Methods A single institution retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent a pelvic exenteration between 2000 and 2011. Patients were included if the procedure involved at least a urinary diversion and a perineal phase. Patient demographics and complications in the first 6months after surgery were recorded. Results Thirty-three patients met inclusion criteria (12 DBWC and 21 SUD). The majority of patients had recurrent cervical cancer (58%) followed by vaginal, vulva, and endometrial cancer. All patients had previously received radiation. 10/12 patients with a DBWC and 67% of SUD had pelvic reconstruction. Median length of stay (LOS) was shorter for DBWC (14.5 vs. 20days, p=.01). Median operating times were shorter for DBWC (610 vs. 702minutes, p=.04). No urinary conduit or anastomotic bowel leaks occurred in the DBWC group compared to 5 (24%) and 2 (9.5%), respectively, in the SUD group (p=.06 for any leak). 58% of the DBWC and 62% of the SUD group required re-operation, and there were no 30-day peri-operative deaths. Conclusions DBWC can be performed safely at the time of pelvic exenteration. We found reduced operating times, shorter LOS, and a trend toward fewer urinary conduit and/or bowel anastomotic leaks in DBWC exenteration patients. DBWC may be favorable over more technically challenging SUD in this heavily radiated population that generally has a limited overall survival.
Thematic Minireview Series: Metals in Biology 2012

Metals are present in about one-half of the protein structures available and also have critical roles in nucleic acid biochemistry. This prologue introduces the fourth of the Thematic Minireview Series on Metals in Biology, which deals with several topics involving iron, manganese, copper, and other metals. The six minireviews discuss metal transport and intracellular homeostasis, including chaperones and siderophores, maturation of the diiron active sites in hydrogenases, the balance between manganese and iron, and copper homeostasis relevant to pathogens.
High Level Waste (HLW) Processing Experience with Increased Waste Loading

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Engineering requested characterization of glass samples that were taken after the second melter had been operational for about 5 months. After the new melter had been installed, the waste loading had been increased to about 38 weight percentage after a new quasicrystalline liquidus model had been implemented. The DWPF had also switched from processing with refractory Frit 200 to a more fluid Frit 320. The samples were taken after DWPF observed very rapid buildup of deposits in the upper pour spout bore and on the pour spout insert while processing the high waste loading feedstock. These samples were evaluated using various analytical techniques to determine the cause of the crystallization. The pour stream sample was homogeneous, amorphous, and representative of the feed batch from which it was derived. Chemical analysis of the pour stream sample indicated that a waste loading of 38.5 weight per cent had been achieved. The data analysis indicated that surface crystallization, induced by temperature and oxygen fugacity gradients in the pour spout, caused surface crystallization to occur in the spout and on the insert at the higher waste loadings even though there was no crystallization in the pour stream.
From Structure to Process, From Organ to Cell: Recent Developments of FE-Analysis in Orthopaedic Biomechanics

The introduction of finite element analysis (FEA) into orthopaedic biomechanics allowed continuum structural analysis of bone and bone-implant composites of complicated shapes (Huiskes and Chao, J. Biomechanics, Vol. 16, 1983, pp. 385-409). However, besides having complicated shapes, musculoskeletal tissues are hierarchical composites with multiple structural levels that adapt to their mechanical environment. Mechanical adaptation influences the success of many orthopaedic treatments, especially total joint replacements. Recent advances in FEA applications have begun to address questions concerning the optimality of bone structure, the processes of bone remodeling, the mechanics of soft hydrated tissues, and the mechanics of tissues down to the microstructural and cell levels. Advances in each of these areas, which have brought FEA from a continuum stress analysis tool to a tool which plays an ever-increasing role in the scientific understanding of tissue structure, adaptation, and the optimal design of orthopaedic implants, are reviewed.
Clinical investigation of the Global Voice Therapy Model

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Global Voice Therapy Model (GVTM) on acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual voice measures of four adults seeking voice therapy for a voice disorder. A speech-language pathologist facilitated speaking voice therapy with the four participants using the GVTM. Participants completed acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual voice measures at pre- and post-therapy time points. Differences were seen in the voice measures from pre- to post-therapy. The GVTM was successful in facilitating an improvement in the acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual measures of the participants.
Expanded Range of Cylindrocladium colhounii in the United States

Plant pathologists in Florida and Oregon have recently found Cylindrocladium colhounii for the first time on two new ornamental plant species. Brown, pinpoint leaf spots were observed on Callistemon rigidus (stiff bottlebrush) in a Florida nursery. C. colhounii was isolated consistently from these lesions. To confirm Koch's postulates, 25 ml of aconidial suspension at 96,000 conidia per ml was used to spray a 38.1-cm branch of C. rigidus. Plants were maintained in a moist chamber at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Symptoms appeared within 3 days, and included brown, pinpoint spots (1 mm or less) occurring on both leaf surfaces, sunken blotches, and blight. The fungus was consistently reisolated from symptomatic tissue. In Oregon, the first detection of C. colhounii was from leaf spots on Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) in a nursery. No proof of pathogenicity was done in Oregon on G. procumbens. C. colhounii has now been reported on 14 host genera in 10 families from Australia, India, Mauritius, South Afr...
Gestation-related expression of the interferon-gamma receptor gene in mouse uterine and embryonic hematopoietic cells.

Macrophages and natural killer (NK)-like cells are the major hematopoietic cell populations in the cycling and pregnant mouse uterus and are also found in the embryo. In order to evaluate potential receptivity of these cells to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tissues taken from cycling and pregnant mice were tested for IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R) mRNA and protein. Macrophages were identified immunohistochemically by using the specific monoclonal antibody F4/80. NK cells were identified by their large size, distinctive intracellular granules, and binding of a monoclonal antibody to the common leukocyte antigen. In cycling uteri, the abundance of IFN-gamma R mRNA relative to an invariant message (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) increased during progression of the hormonally regulated estrous cycle. IFN-gamma R mRNA in situ hybridization signals were slightly higher in macrophage-like than in other types of endometrial stromal cells. In pregnant uteri, the highest proportions of IFN-gamma R mRNA were observed at gestation day (g.d.) 16. Specific message and protein were present in uterine macrophages by g.d. 7 and in NK cells by g.d. 9. IFN-gamma R expression in both lineages remained stable through the balance of pregnancy. In embryos, IFN-gamma R mRNA increased between g.d. 14 and 16. Specific transcripts were present in many cells at g.d. 14, but none were detected in embryonic liver macrophages until g.d. 16. The results of this study suggest relationships between IFN-gamma R expression and ovarian hormones as well as cell maturation and support the postulate that IFN-gamma receptor-ligand interactions may improve the ability of uterine and embryonic hematopoietic cells to perform specific tasks during gestation.
Justice Bradley's Docket Books and Law Books at Rutgers-Newark

Rutgers University’s Library for the Center for Law and Justice, in Newark, New Jersey, holds the personal docket books of Joseph P. Bradley (Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1870 to 1892), as well as a substantial portion of his law library. Part I of this article provides a physical description of the docket books, reports particular annotations of interest in them, and assesses the extent to which the information they contain is available elsewhere. Part II discusses the size and composition of Bradley’s law library and describes selected works that include manuscript material. Appendices include numerical data on appeal cases.
Abstract MP94: Short Sleep Duration Modifies the Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment Associated with Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality

Introduction: Short sleep duration has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), cognitive impairment (CI) and mortality. However, the role of sleep duration in predicting mortality in the context of CVD and CI is still not well-understood. Hypothesis: Short sleep duration is a key effect modifier of the relationship between CI associated with CVD and all-cause mortality. Methods: We addressed this hypothesis in the Penn State Adult Cohort, a random, general population sample of 1,741 middle-aged adults who were studied in the sleep lab and followed-up for 15y. An in-lab, 8-hour polysomnography was performed to ascertain sleep duration. CI associated with CVD was defined by the presence of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and/or stroke with impaired higher-order, executive cognitive functioning, including slow processing speed. We tested the interaction between sleep duration and CI associated with CVD on all-cause mortality with multiple logistic regression while adjusting for sex, age, race, obesity, smoking, cholesterol, depression, insomnia, dementia, and sleep apnea. Results: The odds of mortality associated with CI-alone, CVD-alone, and CI associated with CVD were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7-2.4), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.8), and 4.6 (95% CI: 2.8-7.7), respectively. As shown in Figure 1, the interaction between CI associated with CVD and sleep duration was significant (p Conclusion: We found that objective sleep duration modifies the relationship between CI associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner. Short sleep duration in individuals with probable vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) may serve as a biomarker of the severity of central autonomic dysfunction. Future studies should examine whether improving sleep reduces the odds of mortality in individuals with VCI.
Effects of Duration on Perceptions of Teacher Sexual Misconduct.

ABSTRACTThis study explored how respondent gender, gender dyad (male teacher–female student versus female teacher–male student) and duration/frequency (weekly sexual contact over 4 months versus a single incident) affected perceptions of teacher–adolescent student sexual involvement. Respondents were 224 undergraduates (104 men, 120 women) recruited from a psychology research pool. Most (87%) were 18–21 years old, and 59% were Caucasian. Each respondent read one of four scenarios (varied by gender dyad and duration/frequency) depicting a teacher–adolescent student sexual interaction and then completed a series of questions about his or her perceptions. Results indicated that men perceived these experiences less negatively than did women, and the female teacher–male student dyad was viewed less negatively than the male teacher–female student dyad. Relatively few significant interactions emerged, and the only main effect for duration/frequency was for commitment. Results are discussed in terms of the need f...
Quantitative studies of fungus spores in the air.

SUMMARYTwo hundred fifty-six silicone treated slides were exposed to the air in a Pady-Rittis sampler between June, 1953, and June, 1955, and the total number of fungus spores, as well as the commo...
The National Forgotten League: Entertaining Stories and Observations from Pro Football’s First Fifty Years

In The National Forgotten League, long-time sportswriter Dan Daly departs from traditional histories of the National Football League (NFL) by presenting the ‘untold’ stories from the league's forma...
Diet-induced plasticity in the taste system of an insect: localization to a single transduction pathway in an identified taste cell.

We studied exposure-induced sensitivity changes in an identified taste cell from Manduca sexta, a herbivorous caterpillar. This taste cell occurs within the lateral styloconic sensillum and responds selectively to compounds that humans characterize as bitter (e.g. caffeine, salicin and aristolochic acid). We made extracellular recordings from several classes of identified taste cell within the lateral sensillum, both before and after dietary exposure (for 48 h) to a suprathreshold concentration of caffeine, salicin or aristolochic acid. Our results revealed (1) that dietary exposure to caffeine desensitized the bitter-sensitive taste cell to caffeine, whereas dietary exposure to salicin or aristolochic acid did not desensitize the same taste cell to salicin or to aristolochic acid; (2) that dietary exposure to caffeine failed to alter the responsiveness of the sugar-, salt- or inositol-sensitive taste cells within the same sensillum; (3) that the caffeine-induced desensitization phenomenon generalized to salicin, a compound that stimulates the same transduction pathway as caffeine, but not to aristolochic acid, a compound that stimulates a different pathway; and (4) that chronically stimulating the lateral sensillum with caffeine, in the absence of ingestion, was sufficient to induce desensitization. We conclude that caffeine causes desensitization through a direct effect on a single transduction pathway within the bitter-sensitive taste cell.
Investigation on Infectious Disease Control in Schools and Kindergartens of Weifang High-tech Zone

[Objective]To understand the infectious disease control in schools and kindergartens,and provide evidence for strengthening of infectious disease control in schools.[Methods]The questionnaire was based on the relevant laws and regulations of the state and reporting standards of infectious diseases in schools. Consulting data,interview survey and field investigation were combined to investigate 65 schools and kindergartens in this district.[Results]Management organization of infectious disease,infectious disease registering the reporting system,disinfection and isolation system were well implemented. 96.92% of schools had student" morning examination ",96.92% had school absence register system due to illness,13.85% had evaluation system.[Conclusion]The management of infectious disease should be strengthened in schools of this district. Infectious disease management and assessment system,"morning examination" and school absence register system due to illness should also be established and improved.
Assessment: Beyond Psychometry:

Traditional approaches to the evaluation of mentally retarded children have had limited usefulness, especially in the estimation of educability. A point of view is needed that can accommodate a continuum of relevant characteristics which obtain from childhood through adulthood and that are translatable into modifiable behaviors.
Pretreatment Criminal Justice Status, Retention, and Posttreatment Outcomes

The majority of applicants for drug abuse treatment have been involved in criminal activities during the time period immediately preceding admission. Coercion by the criminal justice system (CJS), either explicit or anticipated, is the principal reason for seeking treatment. Perhaps 20% are forced by legal authorities to choose between treatment and incarceration (Burt, 1977), and an additional 40–50%, while not conditionally stipulated to treatment programs, are on probation, parole or have pending litigation when they apply. Since legal pressure increases the probability that applicants will accept treatment (Kleinhans and Harford, 1976), the percentage of nonvolunteers (persons who have an active CJS status) in intact treatment populations may range as high as 80%.
Providing robust and ubiquitous security support for mobile ad-hoc networks

Providing security support for mobile ad-hoc networks is challenging for several reasons: (a) wireless networks are susceptible to attacks ranging from passive eavesdropping to active interfering, occasional break-ins by adversaries may be inevitable in a large time window; (b) mobile users demand "anywhere, anytime" services; (c) a scalable solution is needed for a large-scale mobile network. In this paper, we describe a solution that supports ubiquitous security services for mobile hosts, scales to network size, and is robust against break-ins. In our design, we distribute the certification authority functions through a threshold secret sharing mechanism, in which each entity holds a secret share and multiple entities in a local neighborhood jointly provide complete services. We employ localized certification schemes to enable ubiquitous services. We also update the secret shares to further enhance robustness against break-ins. Both simulations and implementation confirm the effectiveness of our design.
Health shocks and well-being

Well-being is the ultimate objective of any labour movement. For long, efforts have concentrated on the provision of jobs and decent work conditions. Recently, however, labour economics has been focussing on health, in general, and mental health, in particular. It is time for labour economists to study this challenging issue. Typically, work is not the cause of poor mental health but, often, its cure. Decent work or earnings may help to avoid or moderate mental health issues. While in advanced societies the social effect of decent work may moderate illness, in developing economies sufficient earnings may pave the way out of natural causes of illness. This paper makes the case that natural arsenic poisoning of water affects the well-being of families negatively and causes substantial loss. Recent research for Bangladesh suggests that showing the symptoms of arsenic poisoning reduces well-being substantially. The impacts on mental health can be avoided or reduced through education and the relaxation of financial constraints on families.