cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apparent soil thermal diffusivity determinatior method for use in thermal modeling

The purpose of this study is to develop a stable apparent soil thermal diffusivity determination method for long- term scenarios that can be applied to thermal modeling. The apparent soil thermal diffusivities for three different data collections were calculated using two different analytical methods known as the amplitude and logarithmic methods. The three data collections were controlled and in-situ measurements gathered from a dirt-filled bucket and two separate arid, desert regions, respectively. Results for the data collected from the dirt- filled bucket show analytical stability for depths of 2 cm - 16 cm, while results for the first arid, desert region show an apparent possibility for analytical soil layer change detection. Results for the second arid, desert region showed relative analytical stability with some larger variations occurring during seasonal changes. As a whole, the results strongly suggest that a stable apparent soil thermal diffusivity determination method has been developed that can be used to study long-term scenarios and aid in the thermal modeling of regions similar to those in this study.
EFFECT OF BLOOD-BANK STORAGE ON LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION

Abstract The bactericidal activity of polymor-phonuclear neutrophils (P.M.N.s) and the ability of lymphocytes to respond to phytohaemagglutinin (P.H.A.) were studied in blood drawn under standard blood-bank conditions into acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant and stored at 4°C. There was no loss of bacteridical activity during the first 24 hours of storage, and bactericidal activity was not completely lost until after 4 days of storage. Lymphocytes lost the ability to respond to P.H.A. after 17 days of storage although morphologically normal lymphocytes were present in blood stored for 21 days. Irradiation with up to 6000 roentgens reduced but did not eliminate the lymphocyte response to P.H.A. and did not affect the bactericidal capacity of the P.M.N.S. These results suggest that functionally active P.M.N.S are present in bank-blood during the first few days of storage or may be separated and stored for periods considerably longer than previously indicated. The presence of morphologically normal lymphocytes and responsiveness to P.H.A. stimulation indicate that any bank-blood within the 21-day shelf-life may be the source of a potential graft-versus-host reaction when transfused to patients with impaired immune responses. Irradiation of the blood apparently does not protect against this hazard.
Systematic review of atomoxetine data in childhood and adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 2009–2011: Focus on clinical efficacy and safety:

Background:Clinicians obtain critical prescribing knowledge from clinical papers and review articles. This is the first published systematic review of clinical atomoxetine data covering 2009–2011.Objective:We aim to update clinicians on current clinical atomoxetine data with specific reference to time of onset of efficacy and maximal efficacy. These data may allow critical analysis of comparative efficacy between atomoxetine and stimulant medications.Methods:A formal systematic review of atomoxetine data from January 2009–June 2011 was conducted. The search term used was “atomoxetine” in the English language. The search yielded 747 citations from which 106 are clinical data. This paper includes clinical efficacy and safety data and excludes quality-of-life and review papers.Results:Atomoxetine has an onset of action within 4 weeks (possibly within 1 week in subsequent responders) but requires at least 12 weeks for full response to be demonstrated. Treatment-naive cohorts (6–12 weeks) report effect sizes o...
A multi-study analysis of conceptual and measurement issues related to health research on acculturation in Latinos.

Purpose: The aims of the study were to evaluate the orthogonality of acculturation for Latinos. Design: Regression analyses were used to examine acculturation in two Latino samples (N = 77; N = 40). In a third study (N = 673), confirmatory factor analyses compared unidimensional and bidimensional models. Method: Acculturation was assessed with the ARSMA-II (Studies 1 and 2), and language proficiency items from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Study 3). Results: In Studies 1 and 2, the bidimensional model accounted for slightly more variance (R2Study 1= .11; R2Study 2 = .21) than the unidimensional model (R2Study 1 = .10; R2Study 2 = .19). In Study 3, the bidimensional model evidenced better fit (Akaike information criterion = 167.36) than the unidimensional model (Akaike information criterion = 1204.92). Discussion/Conclusions: Acculturation is multidimensional. Implications for Practice: Care providers should examine acculturation as a bidimensional construct.
Prospects for diffusion enhancement of signal and resolution in magnetic resonance microscopy

The prospects for and practical requirements of the “diffusion enhancement of signal and resolution” (DESIRE) scheme proposed by Lauterbur as a method to enhance the sensitivity, spatial resolution, and contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy and localized MR spectroscopy is assessed. The method, which still has not been implemented, promises signal enhancements of 1–2 orders of magnitude in imaging or localized spectroscopy on the scale of ∼10 microns and requires magnetic field gradient strengths (∼10 T/m) that are not unreasonable. I emphasize the development of an understanding of the physical principles involved in this unfamiliar, “real-space” imaging method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 19A: 71–79, 2003.
Stabilization of membrane-associated α-l-fucosidase by the human sperm equatorial segment

Previous reports from this laboratory documented the existence of two novel isoforms of alpha-L-fucosidase in human semen and showed that membrane-associated alpha-L-fucosidase is cryptically held within the acrosomal compartment and enriched within the sperm equatorial segment. The occurrence of these novel isoforms is provocative. Sperm proteins potentially involved in sperm-egg interactions must maintain their functional integrity as they travel through the female reproductive tract. The goal of this project was to investigate the stability of membrane-associated alpha-L-fucosidase in human sperm. Whole seminal plasma and Percoll purified sperm cell populations were incubated for 72 h at 37 degrees C, with 5% CO(2) or ambient air. At various times during prolonged incubation, sperm cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 and enzyme assays using the fluorogenic substrate 4-MU-fuc were performed to evaluate the stability of both the seminal plasma and membrane-associated alpha-L-fucosidase. Here, we report seminal plasma alpha-L-fucosidase activity rapidly decreased within 24 h. Conversely, alpha-L-fucosidase activity from Percoll purified sperm cell populations persisted up to 72 h. Data from these experiments support the notions that (i) membrane-associated alpha-L-fucosidase is stable for extended periods of time, consistent with a possible role in sperm-egg interaction and (ii) membrane domains and compartmentalization within the human sperm are key to preserving protein integrity.
Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings.

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the e ects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight) 2 CO2 levels (350 and 700 10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in di erent plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more di cult to naturally regenerate in the future.
Task description language for underwater robots

This paper presents task description language (TDL) for underwater robots. General primitives of TDL were designed by considering common primitives of conventional computer languages, and underwater robot-specific command primitives were designed by modifying the turtle graphic commands in Lego. An alias and procedure commands make the TDL intuitive and modular. Concurrent processing and sensor-based event handling commands are also available with TDL. An example of survey task with lawnmower pattern shows feasibility and easiness of TDL.
The GTPase Effector Domain Sequence of the Dnm1p GTPase Regulates Self-Assembly and Controls a Rate-limiting Step in Mitochondrial Fission

Dnm1p belongs to a family of dynamin-related GTPases required to remodel different cellular membranes. In budding yeast, Dnm1p-containing complexes assemble on the cytoplasmic surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites where mitochondrial tubules divide. Our previous genetic studies suggested that Dnm1p's GTPase activity was required for mitochondrial fission and that Dnm1p interacted with itself. In this study, we show that bacterially expressed Dnm1p can bind and hydrolyze GTP in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation studies and yeast two-hybrid analysis suggest that Dnm1p oligomerizes in vivo. With the use of the yeast two-hybrid system, we show that this Dnm1p oligomerization is mediated, in part, by a C-terminal sequence related to the GTPase effector domain (GED) in dynamin. The Dnm1p interactions characterized here are similar to those reported for dynamin and dynamin-related proteins that form higher order structures in vivo, suggesting that Dnm1p assembles to form rings or collars that surround mitochondrial tubules. Based on previous findings, a K705A mutation in the Dnm1p GED is predicted to interfere with GTP hydrolysis, stabilize active Dnm1p-GTP, and stimulate a rate-limiting step in fission. Here we show that expression of the Dnm1 K705A protein in yeast enhances mitochondrial fission. Our results provide evidence that the GED region of a dynamin-related protein modulates a rate-limiting step in membrane fission.
The N-terminus is unstructured, but not dynamically disordered, in the complex between HK022 Nun protein and λ-phage BoxB RNA hairpin

The Nun protein of lambdoid phage HK022 excludes λ-phage superinfection by blocking expression of genes downstream from the λ nut sequences. Heteronuclear NMR studies have been performed on a Nun peptide comprising residues 1–49 bound to the nutR BoxB RNA. The pattern of 13C chemical shifts indicates that the arginine-rich motif of Nun forms an induced α-helix, consisting of residues 23–43, when bound to BoxB RNA, consistent with the structure of a shorter (residues 22–44) Nun peptide/BoxB RNA complex [Faber, C., Scharpf, M., Becker, T., Sticht, H. and Rosch (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 32064–32070]. The N-terminal extension, residues 1–22, does not show chemical shifts or nuclear Overhauser effects characteristic of stable secondary structure. Nonetheless, 15N relaxation measurements indicate that this region is not completely disordered, as expected for a random coil peptide. Restriction of conformation flexibility in the N-terminal extension of Nun may be important for binding to other target molecules involved in transcription termination.
Effect of mestranol upon hepatic lipid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Female rats serving as liver blood and serum donors were used to determine the effect of mestranol upon the hepatic lipid metabolism. Experiments were conducted using the isolated perfused rat liver system of ovariectomized rats. Concentrations of 0 5 50 100 and 200 mcg of mestranol were dissolved in acetone and added to a palmitic acid-serum complex. When propylene glycol was used only 100 mcg of mestranol was employed. At the end of the experiment the livers were washed and triglyceride cholesterol and fatty acid levels were determined as were the urea and glucose concentrations. Results showed that bile production was unaffected by any of the concentrations of mestranol used. The flow rate was reduced at the highest concentration of mestranol (8 mcM). Glucose release was affected by mestranol only when it was solubilized in acetone which appeared to affect the metabolism of glucose in the liver. Urea production was unaffected by mestranol. The release of cholesterol was stimulated by propylene glycol and acetone. At concentrations of 4 and 8 mcM mestranol returned the release of cholesterol to values obtained when no steroid was used. The release of triglyceride was unaffected by mestranol therefore the elevated levels of triglyceride seen in intact rats given mestranol resulted probably from stimulation by the steroid of the release of various endocrine factors which may in turn stimulate the liver to release more triclyceride.
Number-Space Mapping in Human Infants

Mature representations of number are built on a core system of numerical representation that connects to spatial representations in the form of a mental number line. The core number system is functional in early infancy, but little is known about the origins of the mapping of numbers onto space. In this article, we show that preverbal infants transfer the discrimination of an ordered series of numerosities to the discrimination of an ordered series of line lengths. Moreover, infants construct relationships between numbers and line lengths when they are habituated to unordered pairings that vary positively, but not when they are habituated to unordered pairings that vary inversely. These findings provide evidence that a predisposition to relate representations of numerical magnitude to spatial length develops early in life. A central foundation of mathematics, science, and technology therefore emerges prior to experience with language, symbol systems, or measurement devices.
Chemical transformation and biological studies of marine sesquiterpene (S)-(+)-curcuphenol and its analogs.

Chemical transformation studies of the marine sesquiterpene phenol (S)-(+)-curcuphenol (1) isolated from the Jamaican sponges, Didiscus oxeata and Myrmekioderma styx, were accomplished. In order to optimize the activity and better understand the SAR of (S)-(+)-curcuphenol, nineteen semisynthetic analogs were prepared and evaluated for activity against infectious diseases. A number of analogs showed significant activity against Mtb and Leishmania donovani, while showing good to moderate activities in antibacterial and antifungal assays as well as against P. falciparium (D6 clone) and (W2 clone). The analogs a, c, h, and r exhibited Mtb activity with MICs of 24.6, 41.2, 6.90, and 50.5 μM, respectively. Analog f shows enhanced activity against L. donovani with an IC50 of 0.6 μM and IC90 of 40 μM respectively.
Review of the genus Sableta Casey, 1910 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini)

The status of the athetine aleocharine genus Sableta Casey, 1910, and its previously included species, is reviewed. Sableta and Sa. infulata Casey, 1910, the single species remaining in the genus after others are reassigned, are described and illustrations of habitus, structural and genitalic features are provided. All species previously placed in Sableta are assigned to appropriate taxonomic categories. Sableta curata Casey, 1910 is transferred to Acrotona Thomson, 1859; Silusida nanella Casey, 1906, Sableta flaviventris Casey, 1910, Sa. longiclava Casey, 1910, Sa. immunis Casey, 1910 and Sa. remissa Casey, 1910 are transferred to Atheta Thomson, 1858. Homalota flaveola Melsheimer, 1844 is placed in synonymy with Hoplandria lateralis (Melsheimer, 1844) (Hoplandriini) and Sableta ornator Casey, 1910 is placed in synonymy with Atheta nanella (Casey, 1906). Synonymy of Sableta beatula Casey, 1910 and Atheta nanella (Casey, 1906) is confirmed.
A Unique Approach to Welded Packaging

This paper will describe a packaging concept aimed at achieving component densities higher than with normal “laydown” techniques; providing for ease of engineering-change activity; automated assembly; and utilizing both welded and soldered connections. There was no direct attempt at miniaturization.
Restaurant Service Failure and Recovery Analysis

Analyzing service failures and service recovery strategies is an extremely useful management tool. By systematically categorizing consumer complaints, a hierarchy of criteria evolve that reflect the consumer’s perspective of effective performance. Despite the importance of analyzing service failures and recovery strategies, little empirical research exists which examines the subject.
Mutual passivation effects in Si-doped diluted In{sub y}Ga{sub 1-y}As{sub 1-x}N{sub x} alloys

We report systematic investigations of the mutual passivation effects of Si hydrogenic donors and isovalent nitrogen in dilute InGaAs{sub 1-x}N{sub x} alloys. Upon thermal annealing at temperatures above {approx}650 C, the Si atoms diffuse assisted by the formation and migration of Ga vacancies. When they find nitrogen atoms, they form stable Si{sub Ga}-N{sub As} nearest-neighbor pairs. As a result of the pair formation, the electrical activity of Si{sub Ga} donors is passivated. At the same time, the effect of an equal number of N{sub As} atoms is also deactivated. The passivation of the shallow donors and the N{sub As} atoms is manifested in a drastic reduction in the free electron concentration and, simultaneously, an increase in the fundamental band gap. Analytical calculations of the passivation process based on Ga vacancies mediated diffusion show good agreement with the experimental results. Monte Carlo simulations have also been performed for a comparison with these results. The effects of mutual passivation on the mobility of free electrons are quantitatively explained on the basis of the band anticrossing model. Optical properties of annealed Si-doped InGaAs{sub 1-x}N{sub x} samples are also discussed.
Abstract 1354: Chronic social stress in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer is associated with oncogenic changes in mammary fat.

Chronic social isolation is linked to increased mammary tumor growth in rodent models of breast cancer. In the C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen (Tag) FVB/N mouse model of “triple-negative” breast cancer, the heightened stress response elicited by social isolation has been associated with increased expression of metabolic genes in the mammary gland before invasive tumors develop (i.e. during the in situ carcinoma stage). To further understand how underlying accelerated mammary tumor growth is associated with social isolation, we separated the mammary gland adipose tissue from adjacent ductal epithelial cells and analyzed individual cell types for changes in metabolic gene expression. Specifically, increased expression of the key metabolic genes Acaca, Hk2 and Acly was found primarily in the adipocyte, rather than epithelial fraction. Increased metabolic gene expression in the mammary adipocytes of socially isolated mice coincided with increased glucose metabolism, lipid synthesis, and leptin expression. Furthermore, culture media from isolated mouse mammary adipose tissue resulted in relatively increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of mammary epithelial cancer cells derived from the same mouse strain. Additional gene expression analyses identified significant upregulation of the novel carbohydrate response element binding protein beta isoform (CHREBP-β) in socially isolated mammary fat. We hypothesize that the response to social isolation induces metabolic changes in mammary fat that are coordinated through CHREBP-β and are pro-oncogenic. We are currently performing global lipidomic and metabolomic analyses of mammary adipose tissue and secreted culture media to identify bioactive molecules involved in tumor growth. Citation Format: Paul A. Volden, Erin Wonder, Maxwell Skor, Feenalie Patel, Martha McClintock, Matthew Brady, Suzanne Conzen. Chronic social stress in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer is associated with oncogenic changes in mammary fat. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1354. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1354
Relationships between physical training and DOCA hypertension in rats.

SummarySwimming, if undertaken for 1 hr/day, 3 days/week for 6 weeks prior to treatment with DOCA, unilateral nephrec-tomy, and salt-loading, delayed the development of hypertension in rats. If the swimming were undertaken concurrently with or after initiation of treatment with the above hypertensive regime, then it was without effect on the level of blood pressure attained or the length of time required to attain a given blood pressure. Swimming in itself resulted in a significant increase in arterial blood pressure. Previous training, such as swimming, may delay the development of hypertension through an alteration in vascular structure or smooth muscle sensitivity. The increase in blood pressure noted in physically trained rats may be a consequence of the training regime itself acting as a stressor.
Formal Methods: Yes but How ?

There is certainly no doubt that formal methods should be used, as far as possible, in the specification and design of real-time systems [2]. The number and quality of articles published on formal methods grow significantly from year to year. Their use, however, is still not very effective. In this note, I am trying to give a brief summary of such applications, followed by some suggestions which may contribute to a more widespread use of formal methods in practice.
Dignity as non-discrimination Existential protests and legal claim-making for reproductive rights

Analysing two reproductive rights claims brought before the High Court of Namibia and the European Court of Human Rights, this article argues that human dignity is not reducible to a recognized war...
DC Surface Flashover Characteristics of Polyimide in Vacuum at Different Temperatures

To enhance the reliability of solid dielectric insulation in complex engineering environments,the self-made polyimide(PI)sample in vacuum is taken as the object,and the DC surface flashover characteristics at different temperatures(193-353 K)are experimentally researched.It is found that the DC surface flashover voltage firstly decreases then increases and finally decreased again with the increasing of temperature.The DC flashover voltage reaches the maximum at 313Kand minimum at 273K.the flashover voltages are significantly heightened in high temperature region(313-373K)compared with that in lower temperature region(193-273K). The experiments suggest that the electron emission near the cathode,charge transport of dielectric insulators and gas desorption are important to affect DC flashover voltage of PI in vacuum,and the gas desorption plays the key factor.
Legionnaires disease in a patient with AIDS.

Legionella species are among the leading causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the general population, and although rare in patients with HIV infection, Legionella pneumonia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
SU-F-J-165: Spectral Characterization of Tissues in High Spectral and Spatial Resolution MR Images in Vitro: Implications for Classification-Based Synthetic CT Algorithm

Purpose: To investigate features of spectral parameters of tissue for use in a synthetic CT algorithm. Methods: A phantom of fresh beef leg embedded in 1% agarose gel was imaged at 1.5T on a Siemens Aero using HiSS MRI with 1.0mm resolution and 11.1Hz spectral resolution. Post-processing was performed off-line and included labeling of fat and water peaks, and fitting the spectra. All spectra were normalized by the noise within each voxel; thus all parameters are reported in units of signal-to-noise (SNR). Images of the peak height (PH) and peak integral (PI) of both the water and fat resonances were analyzed. Several regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified: bone marrow, cortical bone, adipose tissue, muscle, agar gel, and air. Distributions and scatterplots were generated. Water PH in cortical bone was compared to air using a t-test. Composition of the various ROIs was also reported. Results: Bone marrow was 97% fat (mean PH=4.5SNR). Adipose tissue was mostly mixed fat/water voxels (66%); mean fat and water PH were 4.1 and 7.8 SNR, respectively. Cortical bone was 70% water (PH=2.3SNR). Muscle was 85% water (PH=4.2SNR, with fat PH=1.6SNR). For the air ROI, mean fat and water PH were 1.1SNR and 1.1SNR, respectively. The scatterplot of PH (water vs. fat) showed fair separation of bone marrow and adipose tissue. Water vs. fat PI scatterplot showed good separation of muscle and cortical bone. Cortical bone water PH was significantly different than air (p<0.05). A scatterplot of the water PH vs. pixel value of a summation of the first three echoes showed a different distribution with slightly better separation of air and bone. Conclusion: This study shows promising results for utilizing HiSS imaging in a classification-based syn-CT algorithm. Reducing early echo times would improve SNR of bone and will be investigated along with further optimization.
TCT-661 Low Contrast Dose CTA For TAVR Evaluation Using Central Pulmonary Artery Catheter

Accurate three-dimensional sizing of the aortic annulus, aorta, and iliac arteries, commonly by computed tomography angiography (CTA), is necessary for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Iodinated contrast can result in contrast-induced nephropathy in this patient population. Techniques
Plant size metrics and organic carbon content of Florida salt marsh vegetation

Carbon stored in soil and vegetative biomass in mangrove swamps, salt marshes, and seagrass flats (“coastal blue carbon”) is a significant component of the coastal carbon budget due to the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide as plant biomass and peat. Growing interest in the protection of these essential yet vulnerable coastal ecosystems, as well as recognition of their capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, has led to the need for rapid and accurate quantification of location-specific coastal blue carbon stocks. This study provides allometric equations for the calculation of aboveground dry biomass based on plant height for 18 salt marsh species from Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. The 18 plant species were also analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content to determine the appropriate carbon conversion factor to use for blue carbon calculations. The salt marsh plants had an average of 1.2 ± 0.4% nitrogen and 41.1 ± 5.5% carbon. With the exception of Batis maritima, which had a carbon content of only 23.4%, carbon content for all other species ranged from 33.4–47.1%. The four most succulent plant species in this study contained an average of 33.3 ± 7.0% carbon, while the nine graminoid species contained 44.4 ± 2.0% carbon. These species-specific equations and carbon data provide non-destructive methods to rapidly quantify vegetative biomass and carbon stocks for monitoring efforts and blue carbon stock assessments.
… B. S. … An Educator's Viewpoint

Arguments may be presented for a dual course of undergraduate study: metallrugical engineering and metallurgical science. The author presents evidence in favor of a unified course of study with specialization at the graduate level only.
Seeing the Forest and the Trees When Writing a Mathematical Proof

One of the typical challenges facing a mathematics student when writing a proof is the need to understand the interplay of details and broader concepts. I describe a multi-step proof-writing assignment used in a mid-level course for mathematics majors that is designed to help with this challenge by forcing students to incrementally increase their engagement with the various conceptual levels of the material at hand.
Meditation: The Science and the Art

Meditation techniques had originated even before the advent of the formal religions. There are about 5000 different meditation techniques that have been practiced since ancient times, but less than a dozen have been widely studied. Thirteen techniques are described in detail here. A recent scientific review finds uncertainties in their practice, and the scientific studies are primarily characterized by poor methodological quality. Firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the health benefits that accrue. However, this research is in its infancy, and there are well-designed trials showing important clinical results. The overall complexity of the techniques and the apparent depth of yogic insights into the nature of consciousness present a wide range of opportunities for future studies.
Spectrally-encoded Multi-photon Microscopy

A swept-source laser approach for 2kHz multi-photon imaging is presented. The spectrum of an FDML laser is diffraction-mapped for rapid line-scanning. Non-linear, pixelwise interaction is achieved by pulse modulation and YDFA amplification.
The Contributions of Mathematics Faculty to K-12 Education: A Department Chair’s Perspective

Post-secondary mathematics faculty members have an important role to play in the preparation of future mathematics teachers at all levels and in the support and professional development of in-service mathematics teachers. This work can be demanding and time-consuming and constitute a significant professional contribution. Some departments now recognize, support and reward this work, while others do not. This article offers a view of this landscape from the perspective of a department chair and provides some suggestions for conversations that could take place within the department, for conversations of practitioners with their chairs, and for conversations across the broader university. In particular, if this work is to be properly valued by departments and institutions, it must be evaluated in a thorough and sustained way.
Exploring ocean worlds on Earth and beyond

The exploration of ocean worlds in the outer Solar System offers the opportunity to search for an independent origin of life, and also to advance our capabilities for exploring and understanding life in Earth’s oceans.
The General Model Equation Plus Noise

The results of the previous chapter already represent progress on the spectral analysis problem because we were able to remove consideration of the amplitude, phase and noise level, and find what probability theory has to say about the frequency alone. In addition, it has given us an indication about how to proceed to more general problems. If we had used a model where the quadratic term in the likelihood function did not simplify, we would have a more complicated analytical solution. Although any multivariate Gaussian integral can be done, the key to being able to remove the nuisance parameters easily, and above all selectively, was that the likelihood factored into independent parts. In the full spectrum analysis problem worked on by Jaynes, [12] the nuisance parameters were not independent, and the explicit solution required the diagonalization of a matrix that could be quite large.
Proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, mediated by YAP and TAZ, contributes to liver repair and regeneration after liver ischemia/reperfusion injury

This study is the first to assess the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and their role in the reparative and regenerative process. Here we show ...
Intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the management of Peyronie’s disease: current best practice

The use of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (CCH) has become increasingly widespread for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) in recent years. Numerous trials have confirmed both its safety and efficacy in appropriately selected patients with this condition. The purpose of this review is to examine pivotal trials demonstrating the efficacy of CCH, revisit viable candidates for treatment with intralesional injection therapy, and provide a summary of injection technique and appropriate management of patients receiving this treatment at the time of therapy and in follow up.
Proactive, Transdisciplinary Safer-System Redesign. A Field Report from the Hospital Frontline

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Safety science disciplines, such as Systems Engineering, Human Factors and Ergonomics, or Design Thinking, promise to deliver a breakthrough in proactive, safer systems re...
Ultrasound-Guided Intra-articular Hip Injections

Hip pain is caused by many conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, and acetabular labral tears. Incidence of hip OA is expected to increase over time with the aging population and with the increase in obesity in the United States. Overall, 14.3% of US adults aged 60 years and older reported significant hip pain on most days over the previous 6 weeks [1]. Management options for pain in the hip include analgesics, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, intra-articular steroids, and viscosupplementation and hip replacement for advanced stages [2]. Intra-articular injections are performed based on landmarks or using fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound imaging [2–8]. This chapter discusses the various imaging methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and finally the technique for ultrasound-guided intra-articular hip injections.
Inducing local timing fault through EM injection

Electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) is an efficient class of physical attacks that can compromise the immunity of secure cryptographic algorithms. Despite successful EMFI attacks, the effects of electromagnetic injection (EM) on a processor are not well understood. This paper presents a bottom-up analysis of EMFI effects on a RISC microprocessor. We study these effects at three levels: at the wire-level, at the chip-network level, and at the gate-level considering parameters such as EM-injection location and timing. We conclude that EMFI induces local timing errors implying current timing attack detection and prevention techniques can be adapted to overcome EMFI.
There Is More to the Phenomenology of Time than Meets the Eye

(Preliminary note : The reflection on the phenomenon of temporality that I am developing here was originally done with the playing of actual sound samples. Reading the written exposition without the actual sound and trying to compensate with merely imagined examples would make the exercise too abstract; for imagination is always, even if inadvertently, selective, following what one already knows or expects. Imagined samples are not charged with the kind of resistance to or controverting of presupposed features that “a thing itself’ can possess. It is recommended, therefore, that one try to display to oneself actual sound samples like the ones indicated in order to present” the phenomenon itself’ that is being examined. This goes as well for the shift in the kind of phenomena presented that enters as the analysis proceeds, the shift from samples of sound to one of light.)
Remote agent: an autonomous control system for the New Millennium

On May 17th 1999, the Remote Agent (RA) became the first Artificial Intelligence based closed loop autonomous control system to take control of a spacecraft. The RA commanded NASA's New Millennium Deep Space One spacecraft when it was 65 million miles away from earth. For a period of one week this system commanded DS1's Ion Propulsion System, its camera, its attitude control and navigation systems. A primary goal of this experiment was to provide an on-board demonstration of spacecraft autonomy. This demonstration included both nominal operations with goal-oriented commanding and closed-loop plan execution, and fault protection capabilities with failure diagnosis and recovery, on-board replanning following unrecoverable failures, and system-level fault protection. This paper describes the Remote Agent Experiment and the model based approaches to Planning and Scheduling, Plan Execution and Fault Diagnosis and Recovery technologies developed at NASA Ames Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Abstract 371: Utilizing metabolic pathways to improve diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer has well-characterized changes that take place metabolically in the citric acid cycle (CAC) such as increased lactate formation, reversal of physiologic buildup of citrate and breakdown into downstream CAC products. Metabolic MR spectroscopy utilizing 13C-labeled pyruvate now allows for clinical characterization of metabolic pathways in tissue. However, the traditionally utilized substrate of [1-13C]pyruvate has limitations because as the pyruvate is broken down, the labeled carbon does not enter the CAC and instead is lost as CO2. We propose that [2-13C]pyruvate, is better to characterize changes in the CAC. Specifically, [2-13]C-pyruvate can be converted to 13C-labeled acetyl CoA and subsequently metabolized in the CAC as 13C-labeled intermediate compounds (such as glutamate which rapidly pools alpha-ketogluterate). Alternatively in altered bioenergetic states, [2-13C]pyruvate is reduced to 13C-labeled lactate (Warburg effect) or transaminated to 13C-labeled alanine. By exposing prostate cancer cells to [2-13C]pyruvate and determining the relative labeling of lactate, glutamate, and alanine, we can elucidate which metabolic pathways (CAC, Warburg, transamination) are utilized in prostate cancer metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine how the metabolism of [2-13C]pyruvate via the CAC, reduction to lactate, and transamination differed in high and low malignancy prostate cancer cells.Methods: Tumorigenic prostate cells LNCaP and PC3 were exposed a medium containing [2-13C]pyruvate for 4 hours. PCA extraction was then performed to obtain the metabolites. 13C labeled compounds formed intracellularly and those released into the medium were analyzed using NMR chemical shifts with focus on peaks associated with pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glutamate, and other compounds related to the CAC. Dioxane was used as an internal standard for NMR characterization. Results: The labeled carbon from the [2-13C]pyruvate can be identified in the downstream metabolites of the citric acid cycle, after reduction to lactate, and/or transamination by determining labeled metabolites by 13C-NMR analysis. This allows for the ability to calculate the relative metabolism of pyruvate via the three pathways; transamination (74%), lactate formation (16%), and CAC (10%). Conclusions: [2-13C]pyruvate can be successfully utilized as a tool to explore the alterations in pathways of metabolism, including the citric acid cycle, in prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Aymen Alqazzaz, Dexue Fu, Arman Karimi, Gustavo Ferreira, Mary McKenna, Mohummad M. Siddiqui. Utilizing metabolic pathways to improve diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 371.
Regional Differences in mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Non-Failing Human Atria and Ventricles

The four chambers of the human heart play distinct roles in the maintenance of normal cardiac function, and are differentially affected by inherited/acquired cardiovascular disease. To probe the molecular determinants of these functional differences, we examined mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the left (LA) and right (RA) atria, the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, and the interventricular septum (IVS) of non-failing human hearts (N = 8). Analysis of paired atrial and ventricular samples (n = 40) identified 5,747 mRNAs and 2,794 lncRNAs that were differentially (>1.5 fold; FDR 2,300 mRNAs and >1,200 lncRNAs, corresponding to 17–28% of the total transcripts, were differentially expressed. Heterogeneities in mRNA/lncRNA expression profiles in the LA and RA, as well as in the LV, RV and IVS, were also revealed, although the numbers of differentially expressed transcripts were substantially smaller. Gender differences in mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles were also evident in non-failing human atria and ventricles. Gene ontology classification of differentially expressed gene sets revealed chamber-specific enrichment of numerous signaling pathways.
Boundary conditions for the influence of spatial proximity on context-specific attentional settings

Flexibility of cognitive control is illustrated by the context-specific proportion compatibility (CSPC) effect, the now well-documented pattern showing that compatibility effects are reduced in mostly incompatible relative to mostly compatible locations. The episodic-retrieval account attributes the CSPC effect to location-specific representations that include the attentional settings formed via experience within a given location (e.g., a “focused” attentional setting becomes bound to a location with frequent conflict, whereas a “relaxed” setting becomes bound to one with infrequent conflict). However, Diede and Bugg (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78, 1255–1266, 2016) demonstrated that the attentional setting associated with a given location can be based on experiences that accumulate across multiple “grouped” locations—namely, those that are proximal to each other, relative to other (distal) locations. This spatial grouping effect supported the relative-proximity hypothesis, which we further tested in the present study. Experiment 1 replicated the spatial grouping effect and showed that it could be disrupted by a horizontal line dividing the otherwise grouped locations. Experiments 2 through 4 suggested that grouping might be a form of “chunking”—that is, the spatial grouping effect did not occur when the proximal locations were few enough in number (two) to represent independently, but it did occur when there were six locations. When there were eight proximal locations (and ten locations overall), the CSPC effect disappeared entirely. These findings suggest important boundary conditions for the relative-proximity hypothesis and inform our understanding of how past experiences with conflict are organized in the form of episodic representations that enable on-the-fly adjustments in cognitive control.
Correction to: The past, present and future of opioid withdrawal assessment: a scoping review of scales and technologies.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in one of the authors’ names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author name are shown. The original publication of this article has been corrected.
Fatality from potassium gold cyanide poisoning

While potassium cyanide poisoning has been well described, the toxicity of potassium gold cyanide is less well understood. This case describes an 84-year-old man who presented after an intentional ingestion of 0.5-1 teaspoons of potassium gold cyanide. Despite antidotal therapy, the patient rapidly developed severe lactic acidosis, multiorgan dysfunction and ultimately expired. While the patient's clinical findings were consistent with acute cyanide poisoning, a serum cyanide level was below the toxic threshold. Previous reports have suggested that gold toxicity may also contribute to the effects of potassium gold cyanide, and may have played a role in the patient's rapid decline. In addition to treatment of cyanide toxicity, management of acute gold toxicity should also be considered in potassium gold cyanide ingestion.
A Rhythm-Based Serious Game for Fine Motor Rehabilitation Using Leap Motion

This paper presents a system to deliver automated and noninvasive fine motor rehabilitation through a rhythm-based game using a Leap Motion Controller. The platform is a rhythm game wherein hand gestures are used as input and must match the rhythm and gestures shown on screen, thus allowing a physical therapist to represent an exercise session as a series of patterns involving the user's hand and finger joints. Fine motor rehabilitation plays an important role in the recovery and improvement of the effects of diseases and conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, among many others. Individuals with these conditions possess a wide range of impairments such as fine motor movement. The proposed serious game is adaptive to the player to enable access to patients across a wide range of ability. In two pilot studies in collaboration with the South West Advanced Neurological Rehabilitation (SWAN Rehab) in Phoenix, Arizona, we compared the performance of individuals with fine motor impairment to individuals without impairment to determine the accessibility of the proposed serious game, i.e., to assess whether the platform is adaptive to a user's range of motion to allow an individual with fine motor impairment to perform at a similar level as a non-impaired user. We also separately evaluated the adaptive calibration algorithm to understand its impact on an individual's performance.
Transplant Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Livers Recovered With Versus Without Premortem Heparin Administration

Premortem heparin administration during donation after circulatory death (DCD) organ recovery is thought to optimize liver perfusion. However, premortem heparinization is not universally practiced in the United States and limited data exist regarding its utility. US registry data were accessed between January 1, 2003, and March 10, 2017, and 2 cohorts were ascertained: (1) DCD donor livers recovered for transplantation (n = 5495) and (2) liver-only adult transplant recipients of DCD livers (n = 3754). Exclusions were donor unknown heparin status (n = 40), positive donor hepatitis B surface antigen (n = 4) and hepatitis C virus (n = 120) serologies, and for the outcomes analysis, livers placed outside the United States (n = 10). Discard rates and graft outcomes were examined from cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Of 5495 DCD livers recovered for transplant, 589 (10.7%) donors did not receive premortem heparin (no heparin) and the remaining 4906 (89.3%) received heparin (heparin). Liver discard was similar between the no heparin (30.6%) and heparin groups (30.8%; P = 0.90). Heparin status was not associated with liver discard on multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-1.18 P = 0.76). The cumulative probability of overall graft survival was lower in the no heparin group relative to the heparin group (P < 0.05), and this finding persisted on multivariate analysis. No heparin group transplants had an 18% higher hazard of overall graft failure compared with those that received heparin (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.38; P < 0.05). In conclusion, organ recovery heparin administration status was not associated with liver discard. Failure to pretreat organ donors with premortem heparin correlates with worse liver transplant graft survival compared with heparin-treated livers.