cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removal of organohalogens and organohalogen precursors in reclaimed wastewater—I

Abstract Fractionation, using synthetic resins, of dissolved organic material in filtered secondary effluent from an advanced wastewater reclamation facility and unpolluted source water, based upon acidity, solubility and adsorbability indicated a strong correlation between organohalogen formation potential (THMFP, TOXFP) and organic carbon (NVTOC). Background organohalogens were quantified as TOX. In addition to humic substances, the classic trihalomethane precursors, hydrophilic substances that comprised the largest fraction of the dissolved material, were implicated for their tendency to form organic halogens upon chlorination. Evaluation of an existing comprehensive advanced treatment process for reclamation of municipal wastewaters indicated that it provides a high level of treatment with respect to removal of organohalogens and precursor organics.
In Vitro Investigation of Amyloid-β Hepatobiliary Disposition in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Failure in amyloid-β (Aβ) systemic clearance across the liver has been suggested to play a role in Aβ brain accumulation and thus to contribute largely to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to characterize in vitro the transport mechanisms of Aβ₄₀ across the liver using sandwich-cultured primary rat hepatocytes (SCHs) and to determine its biliary clearance (CL(bile)) and biliary excretion index (BEI%). ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ BEI% was time dependent and reached steady state at 30 minutes, with an average value of 29.8% and a CL(bile) of 1.47 ml/min per kilogram of body weight. The role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in mediating the basolateral uptake of ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ in SCHs was assessed using receptor-associated protein (RAP, 2 µM). A significant reduction in ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ BEI% and CL(bile) with RAP was observed, demonstrating a major contribution of LRP1 in mediating hepatic uptake of intact ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ via transcytosis. Furthermore, activity studies suggested a lower role of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ hepatic uptake. Verapamil (50 µM) and valspodar (20 µM) significantly reduced ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ BEI%, indicating a role for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the biliary excretion of ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ in SCHs. LRP1- and P-gp-mediated ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ biliary excretion was inducible and increased BEI% by 26% after rifampicin pretreatment. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that besides LRP1, P-gp and, to a lesser extent, RAGE are involved in ¹²⁵I-Aβ₄₀ hepatobiliary disposition and support the use of enhancement of Aβ hepatic clearance via LRP1 and P-gp induction as a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Exploring the use of design-manufacturing integration (DMI) to facilitate product development: a test of some practices

This article reports results of a quantitative study of design-manufacturing integration (DMI) practices hypothesized to facilitate effective new product development (NPD). Results of a mail survey to manufacturing engineering managers indicate that effective NPD may best be facilitated by DMI practices such as group-based evaluation for design and manufacturing, and use of tools and techniques to transfer manufacturing information to design. However, some practices that are regularly cited as NPD facilitators in the literature (e.g., design-manufacturing rotation) are negatively and significantly related to NPD. These results may indicate that managers should be cautious when implementing DMI practices that integrate design and manufacturing directly. Results of further analysis indicate that DMI practices are significantly related to effective NPD for new products, but not for product enhancements. In addition, the DMI practices tested in this study tend to facilitate achievement of time and performance goals, but not cost and quality goals. Future research is necessary to examine the dynamics and intensity of different DMI practices with respect to different project types and goals.
Diminished mechanosensitivity and chemosensitivity in patients with achalasia.

The pathogenesis of achalasia involves the degeneration of enteric and autonomic nervous systems with resultant effects on esophageal motility. The neural degeneration could affect visceral sensati...
The Belfast Workshop An Application of Group Techniques To a Destructive Conflict

The Belfast Workshop brought together 56 Catholic and Protestant citizens of Belfast during August 1972. Through an intervention design which combined Tavistock and National Training Laboratory group dynamics approaches, a team of American social scientists attempted to assist the 56 to learn about their behavior in organized groups and better to understand their political opponents' situation. The workshop sought further to provide a protected setting wherein groups might explore modes of intercommunal cooperation that could later be implemented back in Belfast. This article describes the rationale behind the intervention, the methods employed, and the difficulties such enterprises encounter. It also offers a preliminary report on what was accomplished and suggests implications for long-term solutions of the conflict.
Differential Neutron Production Cross Sections for 256-MeV Protons

In this paper differential (p, xn) cross sections d{sup 2}{sigma}/d{Omega}E{sub n}, from the thin targets of beryllium, carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, lead, and {sup 238}U for 256-MeV protons are measured. Time-of-flight techniques are used to identify and discriminate against backgrounds and to determine the neutron energy spectrum. Comparison of the experimental data with intranuclear-cascade evaporation-model calculations using the HETC code showed discrepancies of as much as a factor of 7, notably at 7.5 and 150 deg.
Combined C-V/I-V front-end-of-line measurement

We present a simple test structure to measure C-V and I-V curves of the same nominal size FET. The structure is simple enough to be used for technology development, requires only first metal for routing, and allows parallel test. It is an extension of FEOL QVCM technique, reported at this conference in 2011, and uses dc current measurement for C-V extraction with atto-Farad resolution. The utility of the presented technique is illustrated with 22 nm SOI device characterization.
Calibration of a Fully Polarimetric Microwave Radiometer Using a Digital Polarimeric Noise Source

The Correlated Noise Calibration Standard (CNCS) is an electronic device that generates two channels of broadband microwave noise with a programmable degree of complex correlation. It can supply signals to the input of a microwave radiometer with independently variable vertical, horizontal, 3 rd and 4 th Stokes brightness temperatures. An X-Band version of the CNCS has been evaluated with the NASA Goddard Airborne Earth Science Microwave Imaging Radiometer (AESMIR). AESMIR measurements were made with a highly over constrained set of CNCS polarimetric states. This allows for the simultaneous solution of both non-ideal characteristics of the CNCS system as well as of the complete polarization mixing calibration equation for AESMIR. Absolute calibration accuracy of AESMIR is estimated to be 0.2 K for its 3 rd and 4 th Stokes channels.
A case for clarity in the writing of health statements.

Abstract Objective While effectively written health-related materials can facilitate self-care, using negative wording may backfire, as patients may forget negations and remember the opposite of intended information. The present study attempts to determine if older readers are particularly susceptible to misremembering negatively worded health-related statements. Methods Younger and older adults read positively and negatively worded statements and were later tested for memory of the exact statements, statements opposite in meaning due to the addition or deletion of a negation, and entirely new statements. Results For intact statements, both groups recognized more positive than negative statements. When statements reversed meanings, younger adults were more likely to accurately recognize items that changed from negative to positive than were older adults, who were more likely to incorrectly endorse changed items as intact when items began negative and became positive than the reverse. Conclusion The inclusion of negations, often used in attention-grabbing techniques such as myth-busting, can backfire, especially among older audiences who are less likely to accurately remember negatively worded items and especially likely to endorse their positive counterparts. Practice implications Designers of healthcare materials should avoid using negatively worded statements, which may be misremembered by vulnerable populations, in favor of positive wording.
NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS FROM RECENT BOTANICAL SURVEYS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA, 7

In the species-rich tropics, rapid assessment surveys have become a widely employed method for acquiring bioestimates of site value. Some of Papua New Guinea's most pristine habitats are currently being explored with such surveys. Five new species collected during these investigations are described here. The novelties are Psychotria kamialii sp. nov. (Rubiaceae), P. muellerdomboisii sp. nov., P. pseudomaschalodesme sp. nov., P. wiakabui sp. nov., and Solanum symonianum sp. nov. (Solanaceae). Taxonomic notes are also provided for Aglaia puberulanthera (Meliaceae), and Palmeria gracilis (Monimiaceae).
A wide range differential difference amplifier: a basic block for analog signal processing in MOS technology

A CMOS implementation of a wide-input-range differential difference amplifier (DDA) using a V-I converter with large signal handling capability is presented. The DDA is used as a basic building block for continuous-time analog signal processing systems. The basic features of the DDA are verified experimentally using a 2- mu m CMOS process MOSIS chip. It is shown that it is generally possible to develop DDA-based analog circuitssth almost infinite input impedances, low component count and without the need to match components/devices external to the DDA. DDA-based circuits such as amplifiers, a MOS grounded resistor, four quadrant multipliers and amplitude modulators are presented. Applications of the DDA in the implementation of frequency selective circuits, e.g., resonator and state-variable second-order filters, are also given. All proposed circuits and design techniques are experimentally verified and demonstrate that DDA-based circuits offer a competitive alternative to op-amp-based circuits. >
PCR bias in amplification of androgen receptor alleles, a trinucleotide repeat marker used in clonality studies

Abstract Trinucleotide CAG repeats in the X-linked human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) have proved a useful means of determining X chromosome haplotypes, and when combined with methylation analysis of nearby cytosine residues permits identification of non-random X inactivation in tumors of women. Co-amplification of two alleles in a heterozygote generates PCR products which differ in the number of CAG units, and thus their melting and secondary structure characteristics. We have shown that under optimal conditions amplification efficiency of two HUMARA alleles is near-equivalent, generating PCR products in a ratio proportional to that of the genomic template. In contrast, reduction of template quantity, damage of template by ultraviolet irradiation or addition of monovalent salts (sodium chloride, sodium acetate or ammonium acetate) produces highly variable imbalances of allelic PCR products, with a strong tendency to preferentially amplify lower molecular weight alleles. Variability and biasing was diminished by substitution of 7-deaza-2'-dGTP for dGTP during amplification, an intervention which reduces stability of intramolecular and intermolecular GC base pairing. We conclude that DNA which is scanty, damaged or salt contaminated may display amplification bias of GC-rich PCR targets, potentially confounding accurate interpretation or reproducibility of assays which require co-amplification of alleles.
Sufficient Conditions For An Optimal Solution To The Problem Of Scheduling A Bottleneck Of An N-Stage Process

This paper discusses the application of an algorithm for scheduling the bottleneck of an n-stage process involving multiple products to information systems development. The algorithm is presented along with Pence’s Theorem, conditions sufficient for an optimal solution are presented, and the application of this algorithm and theorem to the development of information systems.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Edema Formation, and Apoptotic Neuronal Death Following Cold Injury

The temporal pattern of brain edema and apoptosis following cold injury was investigated. Extravasation of Evans blue from the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) maximized immediately after injury and returned to the control level at 24 h. However, water content increased up to 24 h and was maintained at a higher level than the control at 72 h. Apoptotic cells as detected by in situ end labeling were observed in the entire lesion at 24 h. At 72 h after injury, these apoptotic cells were observed in the margin of the lesion, but not in the core. These results suggest that apoptosis contributes to neuronal damage following cold injury and may result from the development of vasogenic edema.
An Exploratory Study of Vehicle Type in Alcohol-Related Crashes

This report describes an exploratory statistical analysis of two large national traffic accident databases (NASS and FARS) to determine whether certain car types are at higher risk of being driven by crash-involved drinking drivers. A primary objective of the research was to provide a new perspective with which to identify and study the types of persons who tend to crash while driving after drinking.
Evaluation of Conditional Transit Signal Priority Technology for Regional Implementation

This research evaluated the implementation of transit signal priority (TSP) on a test corridor along International Drive in Orlando, Florida, to see whether the implementation was successful and justified expansion to a regional implementation of TSP for bus tie-ins to the new regional SunRail commuter rail in Central Florida. TSP is a technology that provides preferential treatment to buses at signalized intersections. This research demonstrated the effectiveness of TSP in improving bus corridor travel time in a simulated environment by using real-world data for the International Drive corridor. Evaluation was conducted with microsimulation to compare unconditional and conditional TSP with the no TSP scenario. This evaluation looked at performance metrics (for buses and all vehicles), including average speed profiles, average travel times, average number of stops, and crossing street delay. Different conditional TSP scenarios of activating TSP when a bus is 3 or 5 min behind schedule were considered. The...
Diabetic Foot Amputation in Egypt: Why Should Every U.S. Vascular Surgeon Care?

Objectives: The Middle East and Northern Africa has the highest prevalence of diabetes as a world region, with Egypt making the top 10 ranking. The number of patients with diabetes is on the rise. Also, health care expenditure and utilization of healthcare services is on the rise contributed to lower cases of diabetic lower limb amputation. However, prevalence of complications in the Egyptian diabetic population characteristics is quite high. Prevalence of retinopathy is 20.5%; albuminuria, 21%; nephropathy, 6.7%; and neuropathy, 21.9%. However, diabetic foot complications are low, with active diabetic foot ulcers relatively constant at 1%. How does this contrasting trend between diabetic foot complications and other diabetic complications compare with the United States to determine how pivotal large health care expenditure in preventing major diabetic foot amputations. Methods: Estimation of diabetic population at risk of lower limb amputation in Mansoura, Egypt (aged $25 years) in the year 2008 to 2013 was determined using percent (straight-line) growth rates equation of the general population of Mansoura, Egypt. Prevalence of diabetic lower limb amputations in Mansoura was estimated using recorded total (below and above knee) diabetic lower limb amputations in Mansoura University Hospital from 2009 to 2012. On the basis of the estimated number of patients with diabetes who are aged >25 years and the number of amputations in each year, the prevalence of diabetic foot amputation in Mansoura is estimated. Egypt’s overall prevalence of diabetic foot amputation was estimated as a larger scale of Mansoura’s prevalence of diabetes taking in account the difference in diabetic population. The results and other published trend in Egypt were compared with all Medicare Parts A and B Fee-for-Service (FFS) cohort population. Results: After calculating the Egypt’s prevalence of major diabetic foot amputation, there is a consistent
The potential of ki67 and p53 assessment in development of individualized targeted therapy in breast cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION Despite the improvement of diagnostic methods and chemotherapeutic regimens in breast cancer, overall 5-year survival significantly depends on the stage of the disease. Over expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 and the marker for cellular proliferation Ki67 in breast cancer may have prognostic significance. METHODS We evaluated 675 patients diagnosed with breast cancer at UF Health Jacksonville between January 2000 and June 2007 with up to 5-year follow up. The aim of the study was to determine whether immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of Ki67 and p53 may predict outcome, the 'hazard' of dying. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to control for age (< 50 vs. ≥ 50), race (white vs. other), lymph node group (negative vs. positive), ER (estrogen receptor) group (negative vs. positive), PR (progesterone receptor) group (negative vs. positive), and tumor type. RESULTS When only p53 was considered in the model, the hazard of dying was significantly higher for p53 positive compared to p53 negative (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.02, 1.70, p = 0.036). When only ki67 was considered in the model, the hazard of dying was significantly higher for ki67 positive compared to ki67 negative (Hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% CI 1.08, 2.49, p = 0.021). Neither of the two markers, nor their interaction was significant when all variables were considered in the model. DISCUSSION This study confirms the expression of p53 and Ki67 as strong individual indicators of patient outcome. However, when controlling for the other variables, the two markers are not independent predictors. Future studies that will include these markers might help design targeted therapy.
Heterogeneity of Karyotype and Growth Potential in Simian Virus 40-Transformed Chinese Hamster Cell Clones

Five clones of Chinese hamster cells transformed with simian virus 40 (SV40) were isolated from methylcellulose and characterized as to Giemsa-banded karyotype, DNA content, saturation density, agglutination with concanavalin A, and tumorigenicity. Chromosome analysis and DNA content studies at early passage revealed that the genetic complement for all clones was predominantly near tetraploid. All cultures examined contained a proportion of hypertetraploid cells. Nonrandom chromosome changes included at least one broken No 1 chromosone in 80% or more of the cells in each clone, and fewer sex chromosomes than anticipated from the ploidy of the cells. Several abnormal marker chromosomes tended to recur. These changes were more pronounced in the cells cultured from tumors formed by three of the clones. A karyotypically stable stem line was not noted for any of the clones or tumors. The functional significance of the karyotypic heterogeneity was assessed by means of cloning efficiencies both on plastic and in methylcellulose.
RENORMALIZATION GROUP FOR THE LARGE-N STRONGLY COMMENSURATE DIRTY BOSON MODEL

The large-$N$ $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model, in $Dl4$ space-time dimensions, with disorder a function of d space dimensions, is analyzed via a renormalization-group treatment. Critical exponents for average quantities are calculated, first to lowest order and then to all orders, in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=D\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{-}d/2.$ In particular, it is found that $\ensuremath{\nu}d=2.$ When $D=d+1,$ this model is equivalent to a large-$N$ limit of the strongly commensurate dirty boson problem.
Cover Crop Manipulation for Building Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) Predator Populations in Pear Orchards

Cover crops in pear orchards in the Yakima Valley in Washington harbored a large complex of general predators. The most common species were Nabis spp. and Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown. The major predators of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, Amthocoris spp. and Deraeocoris spp., were infrequent in cover crops. Plantings of small grains as cover crops were sporadically successful in retaining major pear psylla predators by supplying alternate prey, mainly the green bug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani).
Neurons sensitive to 2,6-dichlorophenol on the tarsi of the tick Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae).

Electrophysiological evidence is presented for a class of neurons in adult Amblyomma americanum that is sensitive to the reported sex pheromone 2,6-dichlorophenol. These neurons increase their rate of impulse discharge in a manner proportional to the intensity of 2,6-dichlorophenol and in a pattern characteristic of slowly adapting afferent neurons. The pheromone-sensitive neurons appear to be associated with 1 of the sensilla of the anterior pit on the 1st tarsus of the foreleg. Neurons sensitive to 2,6-dichlorophenol in fed males and unfed males and females had similar response characteristics. Behavioral evidence for sex pheromones in ticks is discussed in light of our electrophysiological evidence for pheromone-sensitive neurons in A. americanum .
Fiber Optic Phase and Polarization Modulator Utilizing a Transparent Piezofilm with Indium Tin Oxide Coating

A fiber optic phase and polarization modulator is presented in which a thin transparent piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film with indium tin oxide electrode metallization is placed directly in the path of the output of a single mode fiber. Experimental characterization is presented in terms of the linearity of response, phase shifting coefficient, and frequency response for two arrangements differing in the boundary clamping conditions. Many applications to fiber optic switches, intensity modulators and demultiplexers are indicated.
Method for applying chemicals to leaf surfaces for bioassay with herbivorous insects

A method is described by which leaf surfaces can be covered with a uniform amount of a test chemical for boassay with leaf-feeding insects. Chemicals are dissolved in gelatin solutions, which can be spread evenly and which will adhere well to many leaf surfaces. Guidelines for calibrating rates of application of the gelatin solutions are presented.
Quantum Coherence Effects in Plasmonics: New Dimension in Nanophotonics

We present theoretical demonstration of quantum coherence-enhanced propagation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs). We show that propagation dynamics of SPPs can benefit from the quantum boost in the visible regime, adding a new dimension to nanophotonics.
Iodined salt surveillance in Hubei Province (2010)

Objective To accurately understand the coverage of household iodized salt in Hubei Province and find out the intervention measures to solve the problems.Methods Stratified random sampling was applied and iodine content in the iodized salt was detected with direct titration method(GB/T13025.7-1999).Results 29 715 salt samples were collected randomly from 102 counties(districts).28 904 samples were qualified iodized salt,706 were unqualified iodized salt,and 105 were non-iodized salt.The coverage of iodized salt was 99.65%,the qualification rate was 97.27% and the edibility rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.11%.Conclusion The coverage of iodized salt in Hubei Province(2010) was in good condition.Some suggestions were brought forward to solve the existing problems.
Sisomicin: A Composite of Comparative in Vitro Studies Spanning Six Years

Sisomicin is a new aminoglycoside similar to gentamicin in chemical structure and antibacterial spectrum. The in vitro activity of sisomicin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin was determined in broth dilution assays against 310 clinical isolates which included staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. Sisomicin was found to be the most predictably active agent against the gram-positive isolates. The activity of sisomicin was equal to that of gentamicin and tobramycin and significantly greater than that of amikacin or kanamycin against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, and Citrobacter. Sisomicin and gentamicin were the most active agents against Serratia; tobramycin was most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and amikacin and kanamycin were most active against Proteus rettgeri and Providencia. For the majority of isolates minimal inhibitory concentrations of sisomicin were similar to minimal bactericidal concentrations. Organisms resistant to one of the five aminoglycosides were not necessarily resistant to the others. Zone sizes of 15 mm or more were obtained by the Bauer-Kirbytechnique with 10 µg/ml sisomicin disks for the majority of isolates inhibited by ≤ 6.2 µg/ml of the drug in broth dilution assays. Determination of bacterial killing by combinations of penicillin and sisomicin indicated a marked synergistic effect against enterococci. Results from this and other in vitro studies conducted over the past six years suggest that sisomicin possesses certain advantages over other aminoglycosides that might be extrapolated to the in vivo situation.
The Influence of Motivations to Eat on Weight Status and Diet Quality

Since the 1970s, the incidence of obesity has risen more than 20 % [1]. This dramatic increase in body weight is of paramount concern due to the high economic burden and associated reduction in mortality and morbidity. Expenses attributable to obesity may exceed $100 billion annually [2]. Obesity is linked to >100,000 excess deaths due to heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and certain cancers. This trend of weight gain has been paralleled by increases in food availability and intake. Per capita availability of food energy has risen approximately 700 kcal/day since the 1970s and energy consumption by 7 % in men and 22 % in women [3]. In contrast, fruit consumption has declined, and less than one third of Americans meet recommended intakes for fruit and vegetables [4]. To encourage intake of healthy foods (i.e., fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) and lessen that of energy-dense foods (i.e., fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages), an understanding of factors that motivate individuals to eat is warranted. Knowledge of the role of these influences is crucial to the development of interventions designed for prevention and treatment of obesity.
Kant's Theory of Taste: The Deduction of Pure Judgments of Taste

Having completed our analysis of the Analytic of the Beautiful, viewed as an effort to uncover the conditions under which a judgment of taste can be pure, we are now in a position to consider Kant's attempt to ground the normativity of such judgments. This is the task of the Deduction, which, as noted previously, deals with the quid juris , the question of right, just as the Analytic dealt with the quid facti , or question of fact. Although the entirety of §30–§54, which includes Kant's discussion of fine art and genius, falls under the general heading “Deduction of Pure Aesthetic Judgments,” it is generally agreed that the actual deduction is contained in §30–§39, and these are the sections to be discussed in the present chapter. Basically, I shall argue that Kant succeeds in the relatively modest task that he sets for himself in these sections, namely, to ground the right to demand agreement regarding such judgments by showing that it is derived from a subjective principle of judgment that is itself transcendentally grounded. This result is relatively modest, since it applies only to pure judgments of taste, and since it turns out that we are never in a position to determine with certainty whether a given judgment of taste is pure. The chapter is divided into seven parts. The first deals with the opening section (§30), where Kant limits the scope of the Deduction to judgments of natural beauty, explicitly excluding judgments of the sublime and (by implication) those of artistic beauty as well.
Child Rearing — Formal Education

It is clear that practices of child rearing and the nature of the home environment in general have great influence upon the process of formal education. What is not so clear, however, is a simple picture of these early years. However, again referring to the valuable work of Maynard and Twiss [16] there are certain general trends that can be found.
MPIM: Multi-purpose in-memory processing using configurable resistive memory

Running Internet of Things applications on general purpose processors results in a large energy and performance overhead, due to the high cost of data movement. Processing inmemory is a promising solution to reduce the data movement cost by processing the data locally inside the memory. In this paper, we design a Multi-Purpose In-Memory Processing (MPIM) system, which can be used as main memory and for processing. MPIM consists of multiple crossbar memories with the capability of efficient in-memory computations. Instead of transferring the large dataset to the processors, MPIM provides two important in-memory processing capabilities: i) data searching for the nearest neighbor ii) bitwise operations including OR, AND and XOR with small analog sense amplifiers. The experimental results show that the MPIM can achieve up to 5.5× energy savings and 19× speedup for the search operations as compared to AMD GPU-based implementation. For bitwise vector processing, we present 11000× energy improvements with 62× speedup over the SIMD-based computation, while outperforming other state-of-the-art in-memory processing techniques.
Metaplastic ossification of the temporal artery with osteoclast-like giant cells: a mimicker of giant cell (temporal) arteritis.

Purpose To describe a patient presenting with suspected giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA) in whom subsequent temporal artery biopsy showed luminal narrowing by medial calcification, metaplastic ossification, and fibrointimal proliferation, consistent with calciphylaxis. Methods A 55-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented with unilateral loss of vision and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and was initially treated as though he had GCA; however, a subsequent temporal artery biopsy showed marked luminal narrowing by medial calcification, metaplastic ossification, and fibrointimal proliferation, consistent with calciphylaxis. In addition, the tunica media of the affected artery contained multinucleate giant cells, but these represented osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells reacting to calcium, rather than a part of GCA. Results This is a rare report of metaplastic ossification and the finding of non-GCA-related giant cells in the tunica media of the temporal artery, thus representing a clinical and histopathologic mimicker of GCA. Conclusions The clinical differential diagnosis of GCA includes other etiologies that can present similarly; however, temporal artery biopsy can discern the underlying pathology. Importantly, the identification of giant cells is not required for the diagnosis of GCA, and likewise, as our case shows, the finding of giant cells in the wall of a temporal artery does not always imply a diagnosis of GCA.
Future Education Leaders' Needs in Serving Students With Severe Disabilities: A Call for Intentional Preparation

Abstract Qualitative analysis of three discipline-specific focus groups (graduate students in educational leadership/educational administration, curriculum and instruction, and counseling) revealed...
Should patients be optimistic about surgery? Resolving a conflicted literature

Following surgery, some patients suffer distress, disappointment, regret, poor adjustment, and poor quality-of-life. Surgeons may define 'success' based on objective clinical outcomes, but patients' perceptions of surgical success rely primarily on a comparison to their initial expectations. We review the literature on the relationship between patients' surgical expectations and psychosocial outcomes and attempt to resolve a conflict in the literature. Specifically, we propose that conflicting conclusions regarding the merits of optimism primarily stem from differing methodological approaches by researchers in the field. Studies that examine preoperative expectations in isolation typically conclude that optimism is positively associated with beneficial psychosocial outcomes. Studies that compare preoperative expectations to objective surgical outcomes typically conclude that optimism, particularly unrealistic optimism, is associated with detrimental psychosocial outcomes. As a whole, the evidence strongly supports an association between optimistic expectations and positive psychosocial outcomes following surgery if those expectations are based in reality. If preoperative optimism ultimately turns out to be unrealistic, however, it is likely to be a postoperative liability.
Coupled Map Lattices as Musical Instruments

We use one-dimensional coupled map lattices (CMLs) to generate sounds that reflect their spatial organization and temporal evolution from a random initial configuration corresponding to uncorrelate...
Race, ethnicity and prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma

BACKGROUND: Recently, some authors pooled data from studies on the Dutch, Australians and Americans of European origin in an attempt to predict the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the United States. PURPOSE: To examine potential ethnic diversity in the prevalence of POAG among populations of the "same race." Methods: Medical literature was searched, and 11 population-based studies on populations of African origin and five on populations of European origin were identified. RESULTS: The prevalence of POAG was significantly higher in white Australians than in the Dutch (p<0.001) and was significantly lower (p<0.001) among black populations in South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania and the United States than in Ghana, St. Lucia or Barbados. Notably, the prevalence was significantly lower in Afro Caribbeans living in London than in St. Lucia or Barbados (p<0.001). There was, however, inconsistency in the definition of POAG among the different studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide range in the prevalence of POAG among populations of the same "race," which might be attributed to the different methodology and definition of POAG; potential difference in social, behavioral and environmental factors; and/or genetic predisposition. Scrutiny is warranted when pooling data from different ethnic groups of the "same race" in meta-analyses.
Welcome home: Brazilian free-tailed bats adjust their echolocation calls to detect cave opening

While both bats and dolphins use sonar to navigate their environment, the sensory challenges between the two are not equal since dolphins typically navigate in the open ocean and bats often navigate in cluttered environments. Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis), for example, adjust their frequency modulated (FM) call structure based upon their environment, producing lower-bandwidth calls in open environments, and higher-bandwidth calls in cluttered environments. In this study, we examined how Brazilian free-tailed bats change the bandwidth of calls when locating the cave opening in a flat, non-cluttered environment. We extracted individual echolocation calls from two locations around the cave, one away from the cave opening and one next to edge of the cave opening, with the only distinctive difference in the environment of the locations being the presence of the cave edge. We found higher starting and lower stopping frequencies for the FM calls at the cave edge, resulting in an increased bandwidth. This higher bandwidth suggests the bats may rely on edge detection to locate the cave opening and change the bandwidth of their signals to improve target resolution when returning to the roost.
Abstract 434: A Diet Rich in Oleic Acid, as Primary Lipid Source, Attenuates the Progressive Functional Decline in Hypertrophied Hearts During Pathological Stress

Two major dietary long chain fatty acids (LCFA), oleate and palmitate, display differing capacities to induce transcriptional activation of metabolic genes, lipid trafficking, substrate metabolism,...
Robust Analytical and Computational Explorations of Coupled Economic-Climate Models with Carbon-Climate Response

The economics of global climate change is characterized by fundamental uncertainties, including the appropriate reduced forms for climate dynamics, the specification of economic damages resulting from climate change, and mechanisms by which these damages will affect long-run economic growth. Using a dynamic integrated assessment framework, this paper makes several contributions to improving the analysis of these uncertainties. First, we incorporate the cumulative climate response (CCR) function developed by Matthews et al. for representing the basic relationship between anthropogenic carbon emissions and increases in global mean temperature in a manner that is more directly policy relevant than the usual approach based on the equilibrium climate sensitivity. Second, we adapt the tools developed by Hansen, Sargent and others for robustness analysis to address underlying model uncertainty in both economic and climate dynamics. Third, we allow climate change to affect economic growth directly, in addition to its effect on output. We develop and study a simple analytical model that yields insights and results on the key implications of these assumptions, as well as facilitating the interpretation of numerical results from a more general model. Among our findings is that the presence of robustness may result in either a decrease or increase in the optimal carbon tax and energy usage, depending among other factors on societal preferences.
Four States Challenge the Cap on SALT Deductions

The attorneys general of New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Maryland have filed the complaint in New York v. Mnuchin, challenging the constitutionality of the $10,000 cap on the deduction for state and local taxes established by the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017. This article considers the most important of the states’ claims and concludes that none of them is convincing.
Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of Two, Nonisolated Pentagon Endohedral Fullerenes: Ho3N@C2(22010)-C78 and Tb3N@C2(22010)-C78

Purified samples of Ho3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 and Tb3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 have been isolated by two distinct processes from the rich array of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes present in carbon soot from graphite rods doped with Ho2 O3 or Tb4 O7 . Crystallographic analysis of the endohedral fullerenes as cocrystals with Ni(OEP) (in which OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) shows that both molecules contain the chiral C2 (22010)-C78 cage. This cage does not obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) but has two sites where two pentagons share a common C-C bond. These pentalene units bind two of the metal ions, whereas the third metal resides near a hexagon of the cage. Inside the cages, the Ho3 N or Tb3 N unit is planar. Ho3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 and Tb3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 use the same cage previously found for Gd3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 rather than the IPR-obeying cage found in Sc3 N@D3h -C78 .
Pro-inflammatory cytokines disrupt β-cell circadian clocks in diabetes

ABSTRACT Intrinsic β-cell circadian clocks are a prerequisite for the control of glucose homeostasis through regulation of β-cell function and turnover. However, little is known about the contributions of circadian clock disruption to the natural progression of β-cell failure in diabetes. To address this, we examined the effects of cytokine-mediated inflammation, common to the pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, on the physiological, molecular, and epigenetic regulation of circadian clocks in β-cells. Specifically, we provide evidence that the key diabetogenic cytokine IL-1β disrupts functionality of the β-cell circadian clock and circadian regulation of insulin secretion through impaired expression of the key transcription factor Bmal1, evident at the level of promoter activation, mRNA, and protein expression. Additionally, IL-1β-mediated inflammation was shown to augment genome-wide DNA-binding patterns of Bmal1 (and its heterodimer, Clock) in β-cells towards binding sites in the proximity of genes annotated to pathways regulating β-cell apoptosis, inflammation, and dedifferentiation. Finally, we identified that the development of hyperglycemia in humans is associated with compromised β-cell BMAL1 expression suggestive of a causative link between circadian clock disruption and β-cell failure in diabetes.
The Use and Adoption of Conventional Stereoplotting Instruments for Bridging and Plotting of Super Wide Angle Photography

With the increased use of super wide angle photography, the problem of utilizing conventional instruments for plotting this photography is worth investigation. Normally these instruments cannot acc...
Genetic Counseling at the Intersection of Clinical Genetics and Informatics

The field of clinical genetics is deeply entwined with clinical informatics and the movement toward precision medicine. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the function of Clinical Genetic Counselors and the process of application of genetic information in clinical practice. Several computational resources with special significance to clinical genetics are referenced as well as educational, health economics, and ethical and legal dimensions.
The Other Part of the Job: Rapid Data Analysis with Excel and Sheets:

This article will show a few quick and easy techniques to analyze data sets using Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.
Material hardness at strain rates beyond 106 s−1 via high velocity microparticle impact indentation

Abstract Despite advances in mechanical testing at small scales and testing at high strain rates, studies of mechanical behavior of materials remain largely qualitative in the regimes where these two conditions overlap. Here, we present an approach based on microparticle impact indentation to determine material hardness at micron scales and at high strain rates. We employ laser ablation to impact ceramic alumina microparticles (as indenter) onto two model materials, namely copper and iron. We use real time measurements of impact and rebound velocities together with post-impact measurements of indentation volume to determine material hardness at strain rates beyond 106 s−1.
The Distributions of Weekday Discharge Times at Acute Care Hospitals in the State of Florida were Static from 2010 to 2018

When hospital capacity is near census, either due to limits on the number of physical or staffed beds, delays in patients’ discharge can result in domino effects of congestion for the emergency department, the intensive care units, the postanesthesia care unit, and the operating room. Hospital administrators often promote increasing the percentage of patients discharged before noon as mitigation. However, benchmark data from multiple hospitals are lacking. We studied the time of weekday inpatient discharges from all 202 acute care hospitals in the state of Florida between 2010 and 2018 using publicly available data. Statewide, the average length of stay (4.63 days) did not change, but hospital discharges increased 6.1%. There was no change over years in the percentage of patients discharged before 12 noon (13.0% ± 0.28% standard error [SE]) or before 3 PM (42.2% ± 0.25% SE). For every year, the median hour of patient discharge was 3 PM. Only 9 of the 202 hospitals (4.5%) reliably achieved a morning weekday discharge rate ≥ 20.0%. Only 19 hospitals (9.4%) in the state reliably achieved a ≥ 50.0% weekday discharge rate before 3 PM. Hospital administrators seeking to achieve earlier patient discharges can use our provided data as realistic benchmarks to guide efforts. Alternatively, administrators could plan based on a model that beds will not be reliably available for new patients until late in the afternoon and apply other well-developed operational strategies to address bottlenecks affecting the internal transfer of patients within the hospital.
Combined Function Magnetic Measurement System

Precision magnetic measurements are required to characterize accelerator magnets for the Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U). To improve measurement efficiency, a combined-function magnetic measurement system is developed that couples the functionality of rotating coils with pulsed wire measurements. An automated axis-finding routine based on numerical up-winding is presented, and both numerical and experimental results demonstrate rapid convergence in the presence of measurement noise. With a single stretched wire, both integrated and local field phenomena are resolved for rapid magnet validation.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Myeloproliferative neoplasms are traditionally seen in older adults, making them poorly understood in younger patients. Clinical presentation, genetic landscape, outcomes, and best management practices are inadequately described in this group. Over the past decade, more research has focused on younger patients, and this paper seeks to review and describe the current status of the field. A recent review analyzed the available pediatric MPN literature and highlighted the paucity of published data. Pediatric patients showed lower rates of the common mutations found in adults, thrombotic events, and disease transformation to myelofibrosis and acute leukemia. A number of centers have recently shared their experience with young adult patients. Better survival outcomes were confirmed for young adult patients compared to older patients. There is still much to learn about myeloproliferative neoplasms in pediatric and young adult patients, but currently available data showing better outcomes is reassuring.
Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Scientific Sessions 2019: Integrative Approaches to Complex Cardiovascular Diseases.

The annual Basic Cardiovascular Sciences (BCVS) Scientific Sessions remains a premier conference destination for those in the basic and translational cardiovascular research community. This year’s BCVS meeting was held at the downtown waterfront in Boston, MA from July 29 to August 1, 2019. To say that BCVS 2019 was well-attended is truly an understatement, as this year’s meeting broke all BCVS conference records with over 1000 registered attendees, over 600 posters, and a plethora of new offerings, such as expanded early career sessions and the first Asian Cardiovascular Symposium. Here, we highlight some of the emerging science and exciting programming that was featured at the 2019 BCVS Scientific Sessions.
Revealing Instability: Genetic Variation Underlies Variability in mESC Pluripotency

Summary mESCs can self-renew indefinitely in vitro. However, depending on culture conditions some strains are more unstable than others. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Skelly et al. (2020) and Ortmann et al. (2020) shed light into the role genetic variation plays in control of ground state pluripotency.