cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vagal cardiopulmonary baroreflex activation during phenylephrine infusion

Phenylephrine infusion (PE) has been used to raise arterial pressure (BP) in order to investigate reflex responses mediated by sinoaortic baroreflexes (SAB). Increases in cardiac filling pressures have been reported during PE. Our experiments determined whether PE selectively activates SAB without activation of vagal cardiopulmonary baroreflexes (CPR). We measured changes in mean BP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during PE in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs before and after sinoaortic denervation (SAD; n = 10), selective vagotomy (n = 9), or SAD and vagotomy (n = 4). PE elevated both BP and PAP in all dogs studied. In dogs with SAB and CPR intact, RSNA was reflexively inhibited (% change RSNA: -76.3 +/- 4.7). In SAD dogs, inhibition of RSNA was significantly attenuated but not abolished (% change RSNA: -27.5 +/- 11.8). This inhibition after SAD correlated closely with increases in PAP. Small BP changes (10 mmHg) were associated with insignificant changes in PAP and RSNA. Volume expansion after SAD produced changes in PAP and RSNA similar to those produced by PE. After selective vagotomy, the sensitivity (% change RSNA/mmHg change BP) of the reflex elicited by PE was significantly decreased (-2.7 +/- 0.03 pre vs. -1.8 +/- 0.12 post; P = 0.01). PE failed to change RSNA after combined SAD and vagotomy. We conclude that vagal CPR contribute to reflex inhibition of RSNA during PE except when elevations of BP are small.
CAD For Microelectromechanical Systems

CAD Systems for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require the three-dimensional and multi-energy- domain modeling of mechanical engineering and the planar mask layout and circuit simulation of integrated circuits. Several CAD systems for MEMS are now under development. Challenges include geometric construction from mask and process data, three-dimensional coupled- energy-domain simulation, construction of lumped macro-models, and computer-aided insertion of those macro-models into dynamical simulators. Examples are given based on the MIT MEMCAD system.
Evolution and uses of transmitted force measurement

It has long been recognized that there are problems in obtaining the desired accuracies in elastomer testing. Improvements in accuracy result from taking direct measurements of the displacement and the load generated across the sample being tested. This more direct method, called the Transmitted Force Method, is traced from its initial concept through its stages of development, by different investigators, to the present state-of-the-art. Included in this discussion is the basic concept and underlying theory of this test method, along with a description of measurement techniques.
Unbiased Group-Wise Image Registration: Applications in Brain Fiber Tract Atlas Construction and Functional Connectivity Analysis

We propose an unbiased implicit-reference group-wise (IRG) image registration method and demonstrate its applications in the construction of a brain white matter fiber tract atlas and the analysis of resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity. Most image registration techniques pair-wise align images to a selected reference image and group analyses are performed in the reference space, which may produce bias. The proposed method jointly estimates transformations, with an elastic deformation model, registering all images to an implicit reference corresponding to the group average. The unbiased registration is applied to build a fiber tract atlas by registering a group of diffusion tensor images. Compared to reference-based registration, the IRG registration improves the fiber track overlap within the group. After applying the method in the fMRI connectivity analysis, results suggest a general improvement in functional connectivity maps at a group level in terms of larger cluster size and higher average t-scores.
Effect of incentives for medication adherence on health care use and costs in methadone patients with HIV

Background: The potential benefits of anti-retroviral therapy for HIV is not fully realized because of difficulties in adherence with demanding treatment regimens, especially among injection drug users. Methods: HIV-positive methadone patients who were less than 80% adherent with their primary antiretroviral therapy were randomized to a trial of incentives for on-time adherence. Adherence was rewarded with an escalating scale of vouchers redeemable for goods. Both intervention and control group visited a medication coach twice a month. The cost of the intervention was determined by micro-costing. Other costs were obtained from administrative data and patient report of out-of-system care. Results: During the 12-week intervention period, the incremental direct cost of the intervention, including treatment vouchers, was $942. The voucher group incurred $2572 in anti-retroviral drug cost, significantly more than the $1973 incurred by the comparison group (p < .01). Adherence, as measured by on-time openings of an electronically monitored vial, was 78% in the intervention group and 56% in the control group. Conclusions: The incremental direct cost of voucher incentives was $292 per month. If the observed increase in adherence from voucher incentives can be sustained in the long-term, the literature suggests that disease progression will be slowed. Further research is needed to evaluate if the improvement can be sustained or achieved at lower cost. Mitigation of treatment resistance and reduction in HIV transmission are additional benefits that favor adoption. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Mobility of manganese in diagenesis of deep-sea sediments☆

Abstract A relatively high content of manganese has been found at the top of several deep-sea sediment cores from the Pacific. The sediments underlying these manganese-rich layers show evidence of reducing conditions. The data suggest that manganese dissolves upon burial in reduced sediments, then slowly migrates and accumulates in the oxidized top strata. Ionic or molecular diffusion in the pore solution appears to be the main mechanism by which such migration takes place. The thickness of the manganese-rich layer increases towards the open ocean, both in the eastern as well as the western Pacific; ultimately it reaches such a thickness that it cannot be penetrated by cores obtainable with present equipment. The existence of reduced strata at depth consequently might also occur in deposits from central oceanic areas of the Pacific, where relatively high oxidizing conditions have generally been envisioned to prevail through the entire sedimentary column. Some geochemical implications of the redistribution of manganese and associated elements in deep-sea sediments are briefly discussed.
Optimality conditions and Lagrangian duality in continuous-time nonlinear programming

Abstract Using a perturbation approach, the Kuhn-Tucker saddlepoint and stationary-point optimality conditions and a Lagrangian duality theory are established for a general class of continuous-time nonlinear programming problems. It is shown that most of the duality formulations in the existing literature of continuous programming are special cases of this Lagrangian formulation.
Identification of Elements of the Peptide Binding Site of DnaK by Peptide Cross-linking *

We used photocross-linking of peptides to DnaK to identify elements of the peptide binding site of DnaK. We attached a photoactivatable group (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azido-salicylic acid (NHS-ASA) or N-iodoacetamidobutyl-4-azido-salicylic acid (I-ABASA)) to different positions on peptide C of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, 125I-radiolabeled the cross-linker, cross-linked the peptide to DnaK by UV irradiation, and then determined the amino acid residues of DnaK that were cross-linked to the peptide. Limited trypsin digestion of the DnaK-peptide complex revealed that the derivatives modified with photoactivatable cross-linker peptide C cross-linked to a C-terminal fragment of DnaK and that the N-terminal 45-kDa fragment of DnaK was not cross-linked by these modified peptides. The attachment points of the three peptide C derivatives carrying photoactivatable cross-linkers at different locations on the peptide, PepC-ASA, PepC-S7C-ABASA, and PepC-S8C-ABASA, have been identified as Arg-536, Arg-527, and His-541 of DnaK, respectively. Thus all three peptides cross-linked to amino acids located close together in a sequence that includes one end of the long α-helix in the NMR-based secondary structure model of the peptide binding domain of Hsp70 family (Morshauser, R., Wang, H., Flynn, G., and Zuiderweg, E. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 6261-6266).
Erythema multiforme exudativum treated with cortisone or adrenocorticotropic hormone

Summary 1. Four cases of erythema multiforme exudativum in children 6 years old and under are presented, two treated with ACTH, and two with cortisone. 2. There was a drop in temperature to normal within twenty-four hours after ACTH or cortisone was given. 3. There was a striking clinical improvement with diminution of toxicity. 4. There was a rapid decline of all clinical signs: stomatitis, conjunctivitis, edema, melena and erythema, varying with each case. 5. Average total length of illness was 17.7 days. 6. Average hospital days of illness were 14.6 for the three patients hospitalized.
Moral Enhancement Worth Having: Thinking Holistically

John Shook (2012) describes five mechanisms for moral enhancement: “heightened moral appreciation, … stronger moral decisions, … more correct moral judgments, … improved moral intentions, … and mor...
Reduce VOC Emissions from Manufacturing Processes

This paper provides insight of many aspects of reducing VOC approaches geared towards assembly and test factories. With the management supports to take environment excellence to the next level, the Chemical management team working together with factory floor employees has embarked on a journey and impressive results shown passion for environmental effort and poised to set benchmark as future factory model.
Television Exposure and Attitude Change: The Impact of Political Interest

A number of media effects studies have speculated that politically uninvolved individuals are susceptible to attitudinal or behavioral change as a result of media exposure. This possibility is investigated by testing a causal model of change in attitude toward President Nixon during the Watergate period (1972-1974). The initial analysis suggested that political interest was a source of interaction in the model; it was thus treated as a specifying variable by testing separate models for high and low interest respondents. Though exposure to Watergate-related television had no discernible impact on attitude toward Nixon for high interest individuals, it was the only significant predictor of 1974 Nixon attitude for persons with low political interest. Thomas A. Kazee is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, Davidson College. The author wishes to thank C. Richard Hofstetter for his considerable assistance in the preparation of this article. Herbert Asher and several anonymous reviewers also provided helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. The Polimetrics Laboratory at the Ohio State University assisted in the analysis of data. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:507-518 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81/0045-507/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.27 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 05:29:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Simultaneous inversion for velocity and attenuation

Linear and nonlinear inversion methods have been developed to image the velocity and attenuation. In recent years, efficient ray tracing techniques and high speed computing facilities have made the application of nonlinear inversion practical on a personal computer. By combining the travel time information and the amplitude and frequency information of geophysical data such as radar data and seismic data, both velocity and attenuation can be simultaneously inverted. Ray tracing accounts for most of the computing time of the nonlinear inversion. However, the same ray tracing results can be used for both velocity and attenuation inversion, thus the simultaneous inversion does not take much longer time than velocity inversion alone. Inverted attenuation results are more accurate than those produced by ordinary straight-ray attenuation tomography due to the consideration of bending rays. Two approaches, one based on a single geophysical survey and the other on repeated surveys, are developed and tested using synthetic and field radar data. The major advantage of these two approaches is that neither of them involves estimation of source radiation pattern, receiver coupling, and geometrical spreading that are very difficult to measure accurately.
Petroleum Oil Summer Sprays for Pine Leaf Scale Control (Family Coccidae—Order Homoptera)

Petroleum oils of the following types were tested in the field during the summer of 1928 for their toxicity to the White Pine Scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch):—(l) Lubricating oil, (2) Miscible oil, (3) Three grades of highly refined “white oil.” The tolerance of the various coniferous foliages to these oils was also determined. Little difference was noticed in the toxicity of the oils (when compared at strengths sufficient for control). An oil concentration of 2.5 per cent was sufficient to give commercial control (90-100%). Highly refined “white oils” (Baume 36.6°-35.4°, Saybolt viscosity 45-85 sec/100° F.) were the only oils which could be applied (at a concentration sufficient for control) without subsequent foliage injury. The conifers tested varied in their susceptibility to oil spray injury in the following order: (1) White Spruce (most susceptible), (2) White Pine, (3) Red Pine and Scotch Pine (least susceptible). The bloom normally present on conifers disappears when an oil spray is applied. It reappears within 5-10 weeks, depending on weather conditions and the volatility of the oil applied.
Science, politics, and moral activism : Sorokin's integralism reconsidered

This paper uses previously untranslated excerpts from P. A. Sorokin's revolutionary journalism to reexamine the relationship between his scientific and nonscientific activities. Columns written in 1917 for the political daily Volya Naroda (The People's Will) provide insight into Sorokin's early Russian period and also prefigure the later synthesis that he called Integralism. This article explains Sorokin's competing commitments to science and reformism in terms of the Russian intelligentsia's social role and concludes that Sorokin in America remained a more Russian figure than has been generally recognized. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparison of the reading abilities of teacher candidates

Abstract The academic ability of teacher candidates has been a subject of research for decades. Reading ability is an indicator of overall academic ability and can be measured throughout a students college career. This study reports the analysis of scores on a standardized test of reading ability for 868 teacher candidates in three different 4‐year universities. Findings indicate significant differences when reading vocabulary scores were compared for gender. No significant differences in comprehension, vocabulary, or reading rate were found for university classification, choice of education major, and whether the student attended a private or public university.
The behavior of financial analysts during the Asian financial crisis in Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand

Abstract This study investigates the behavior of a potentially influential class of market participants, the stock analysts, around the period of market crashes in four Asian countries. We find that analysts not only failed to anticipate the weaknesses in the firms they covered before the crash, they also failed to sufficiently adjust their forecasts after these markets crashed. Throughout the entire period of the study, the magnitudes of forecast errors were several times to that observed in the pre-crash period. However, we also do not find evidence of panic or herding on a large scale. Other issues investigated in this paper include the changes in coverage, changes in forecasts accuracy, the extent analysts agree and the patterns of their convergence for the sample. We also compare analyst forecasts for large versus small firms, and for high- versus low-growth/quality firms. A contribution to the literature is the cataloguing of models that may provide explanations for investors' expectations during a market crash.
First order phase transition in a two Higgs-doublet model with Mh>MW

Abstract We study the 3D effective field theory of a weakly coupled two Higgs-doublet scalar model at high temperature. Our model has three scalar quartic couplings and an O(4) symmetry which is spontaneously broken by a nonzero scalar field vev at zero temperature. Using high temperature perturbation theory, renormalization group arguments in 4− ϵ dimensions, as well as 1/ N expansion techniques in 3 dimensions, we argue that the transition from the high temperature symmetry restoring phase to the low temperature phase is first order for a range of scalar couplings. This result is not due to gauge couplings. We discuss the implications of our results for the transition in the two Higgs-doublet electroweak model, especially when the lightest neutral Higgs is heavier than the W -bosons.
A Ka-band Interferometer for Cryospheric Applications-Instrument Description and First Results

Characterization of the Earth's oceanic and cryospheric topography is among NASA's strategic goals for the next decade. An effective technique for achieving such measurements is radar interferometry. For this technology, use of mm-wave frequencies (Ku- and Ka-band) is appealing due to the proportional size of the space borne structure to the observing wavelength and minimal snow penetration. At such high frequencies, achieving stability in instrument performance and the mechanical deployment structure for accurate measurements is an engineering challenge. To address this, the Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts is developing a high performance Ku- and Ka-band interferometer as a prototype for a space borne instrument. The interferometer will be used in a scaled-down ground-based configuration. This paper presents an instrument description of the Ka-band interferometer (the down-converter in particular) and first results from its performance evaluation.
Early coronary intervention following pharmacologic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (the combined TIMI 10B-TIMI 14 experience).

Abstract Earlier studies have suggested that immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with an increase in adverse events and that routine PCI in this setting has offered no advantage over a conservative strategy. To reassess this issue in a more recent era, we evaluated 1,938 patients from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B and 14 trials of AMI. Patients in TIMI 10B were randomized to receive tissue plasminogen activator or TNK tissue plasminogen activator, whereas patients in TIMI 14B trial were randomized to receive thrombolytic therapy with or without abciximab. All patients underwent angiography 90 minutes after receiving pharmacologic therapy. Patients who underwent PCI were classified as having undergone a rescue procedure (TIMI 0 or 1 flow at 90 minutes), an adjunctive procedure (TIMI 2 or 3 flow at 90 minutes), or a delayed procedure (performed >150 minutes after symptom onset, median of 2.75 days). Among patients with TIMI 0 or 1 flow, there was a trend for lower 30-day mortality among patients who underwent rescue PCI than among those who did not (6% vs 17%, p = 0.01, adjusted p = 0.28). Patients who underwent adjunctive PCI had similar 30-day mortality and/or reinfarction as those who underwent delayed PCI. In a multivariate model both had lower 30-day mortality and/or reinfarction than patients with “successful thrombolysis” (i.e., TIMI 3 flow at 90 minutes) who did not undergo revascularization (p = 0.02). Thus, early PCI following AMI is associated with excellent outcomes. Randomized trials of an early invasive strategy following thrombolysis are warranted.
Heavy quark q̄q matrix elements in the nucleon from perturbative QCD

The scalar heavy quark content of the nucleon, ${\cal M}_q = \bra{N} m_q \bar q q \ket{N},$ is relevant for computing the interaction of dark matter candidates with ordinary matter, while ${\cal M}_s$ is important for predicting the properties of dense matter. We compute ${\cal M}_q$ in perturbative QCD to ${\cal{O}}{(\alpha^3)}.$ As one goes from ${\cal M}_t$ to ${\cal M}_c$ the leading order contribution decreases as the number of light quarks is dropping, while the radiative corrections grow and are all positive. The leading source of uncertainty in the calculation is due to the poorly known value of ${\cal M}_s.$ A related calculation suggests that a large value for ${\cal M}_s$ may be reasonable.
Observations of the refraction of microbaroms generated by large maritime storms by the wind field of the generating storm

Microbaroms are a continuous infrasonic signal in the 0.15 to 0.3 Hz band caused by the collision of oceanic surface waves of equal period. Such signals are often generated by large maritime storms. Current formulation of the generation mechanism predicts that the microbarom source location due to a large maritime storm in the open ocean is generally located several hundreds of kilometers from the eye of the storm. Assuming such a source location to be correct, propagation of the microbaroms along paths which pass near the storm center as well as those which propagate away from the storm structure have been examined using geometric acoustics. Microbarom propagation paths which pass near the storm center are refracted by the storm winds and are found to have back azimuths directed toward a virtual source around the storm center. Microbarom propagation paths which do not pass near the storm center are found to have back azimuths directed toward the actual source region. To validate these predictions, data from microbarom signals generated by hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean have been collected along the east coast of the United States during the 2010 and 2011 Atlantic hurricane seasons. Data from several storm events are presented here for comparison with model predictions. In general, the observations are in agreement with the predictions of the propagation model.
Segment W of Campoletis sonorensis virus: Expression, gene products, and organization

Abstract Campoletis sonorensis virus (CsV, Polydnaviridae) is a segmented double-stranded DNA virus which has an apparently symbiotic relationship with the parasitic wasp, Campoletis sonorensis. CsV replicates in the oviducts of the parasitic wasp and is injected into the wasp's host, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera; Noctuiidae), during oviposition. In the parasitized lepidopteran host, the virus has a dramatic effect on host physiology and viral gene products are believed to play an essential role in the survival of the parasitic wasp's egg and larva. In the current study, we used Northern blot analyses to examine expression from segment W in the parasitized host and in the parasitic wasp. Segment W hybridized primarily to two relatively abundant mRNAs (1.6 and 1.0 kb) from the parasitized host. These 1.6- and 1.0-kb mRNAs, which were previously shown to be transcribed from two closely related genes (WHv1 and WHv2) on segment W ( G. W. Blissard, O. P Smith, and M. D. Summers, 1987, Virology 160,120–134 ) increased in relative abundance between 2 and 24 hr postparasitization (pp) and were detected throughout parasitization (8 days). To study the proteins encoded by these closely related genes, the open reading frame from each of the related genes was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector. By pulse labeling in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, we examined secretion and glycosylation of these CsV proteins in infected lepidopteran cells (Spodoptera frugiperda). Expression of segment W in the oviducts of the female wasp was also examined. Segment W hybridized to at least five CsV mRNAs on Northern blots of poly(A) mRNA from C. sonorensis oviducts. To identify specific CsV mRNAs and map putative viral genes expressed in wasp oviduct tissues, segment W was used to screen a cDNA library of C. sonorensis oviduct mRNAs. Three cDNAs were used to identify CsV mRNAs by Northern blot analyses and to map the locations of three putative CsV genes on segment W. Cross-hybridization within the CsV genome was examined with cloned segment W and with the three cloned cDNAs.
Towards the automatic numerical solution of partial differential equations

Abstract Adaptive mesh enrichment techniques are becoming recognized as a means of automating many of the decisions associated with the computer solution of partial differential equations. Towards this end, we describe an intelligent interface where partial differential equations and their data may be entered in a relatively natural mathematical language. Fortran subroutines for functions and Jacobians that are required by the numerical software are generated automatically with symbolic differentiation used to evaluate Jacobians. We further describe the use of this symbolic interface with an adaptive local mesh refinement finite element method for two-dimensional parabolic partial differential systems. Solutions are calculated using Galerkin's method with a piecewise bilinear polynomial basis in space and backward Euler integration in time. Estimates of the local discretization error, obtained by a p-refinement technique, are used to control a local h-refinement strategy where finer grids are recursively introduced in regions where a prescribed tolerance is exceeded. Fine grids at a given level of refinement may overlap each other and independent solutions are generated on each of them. A version of the Schwarz alternating principle is used to coordinate solutions between overlapping fine grids.
Polypeptide Composition of Fraction 1 Protein from Parasexual Hybrid Plants in the Genus Nicotiana

Analysis of the subunit polypeptide composition of Fraction 1 proteins gives information on the expression of both nuclear and chloroplast genomes; the large subunits of the protein are coded by chloroplast DNA, whereas the small subunits are coded by nuclear DNA. Fraction 1 protein isolated from the leaves of parasexual hybrid plants derived from the fusion of protoplasts of Nicotiana glauca and N. langsdorffii contains the small subunit polypeptides of both parent species and the large subunit polypeptides of only N. glauca. Fraction 1 protein isolated from the leaves of a hybrid plant obtained after the uptake of chloroplasts of N. suaveolens by protoplasts of white tissue of a variegating mutant of N. tabacum contains the large subunit polypeptides of both N. suaveolens and N. tabacum, as well as the small subunit polypeptides of both these species.
Membrane-Mediated Inter-Domain Interactions

The amazing ability of living cells in achieving strict and robust control of their membrane morphologies and functions over different length scales leads to the concept that membrane domains, such as lipid rafts, are the basic organization units of cellular membranes. Yet fundamental understanding of the membrane-mediated inter-domain interaction still remains incomplete. In the present work, we probe inter-domain interactions by performing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations using a highly coarse-grained implicit-solvent fluid membrane model. Our simulations show that the membrane-mediated inter-domain interaction remains repulsive for the contact angle as large as close to 90°. The repulsive interaction force between curved domains increases with the domain curvature and hinders the further domain coalescence. Our findings have broad implications to various biological phenomena such as lipid raft formation, viral budding, and targeted drug delivery.
The exemplars of a strong whole were rated as more similar than were the exemplars of a weak whole

Exemplars of a diamond dot prototype and exemplars of an irregular dot prototype were formed by displacing dots according to the same probabilistic rule. The diamond exemplars were rated as much more similar to each other than were the irregular exemplars, even though the average dot displacement was equal for the two prototypes. The exemplars of each prototype may have formed a whole that corresponded to their prototype. Phenomenally, the diamond prototype forms a stronger whole than does the irregular prototype. Therefore, the whole formed by the exemplars of the diamond prototype should have been stronger. Consequently, the obtained result (along with other results) supports unit-similarity theory, which states that the perceived similarity among the components of a psychological unit, either a category or a perceptual whole (gestalt), is positively associated with the strength of the unit.
High beam quality of ultraviolet radiation generated through resonant enhanced frequency doubling of a diode laser

The infrared emission from an external-cavity-tapered diode laser is frequency doubled in a 5-mm β-BaB2O4 crystal that is placed in a resonant-enhancement cavity. For a coupled diode power of 535 mW, 100 mW of continuous-wave, second-harmonic power is generated at λ=392 nm. The ultraviolet (UV) beam is measured to have a nearly ideal beam-quality parameter, M2≃1, in both meridians even though substantial double refraction is present in the nonlinear crystal. Printing of an array of submicron dots on a phase-change film is demonstrated with this UV beam. Also, by printing on photochemical film we demonstrate that improved film sensitivity is possible when a UV source is used.
Differential effect of resistance training on the body composition and liporotein-lipid profile in older men and women☆

The effects of a 12-week resistance exercise training (RT) program on body composition and serum lipid concentrations were assessed in weight-stable, moderately overweight older men (n = 18) and women (n = 17) aged 54 to 71 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 26 to 36 kg/m2. Following RT, the men had a significant increase in fat-free mass (FFM) and a decrease in percent body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM), whereas the women demonstrated no change, resulting in significant time-by-sex interactions for FFM (P = .002), %BF (P = .006), and FM (P = .005). There were no changes in total cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or triacylglycerol (Tg) due to RT. However, following RT, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (0.06+/-0.02 mmol/L) in the men and decreased (0.09+/-0.03 mmol/L) in the women (time-by-sex interaction, P = .0004). The Chol/HDL-C ratio decreased (0.36+/-0.11) in the men and increased (0.29+/-0.10) in the women (time-by-sex interaction, P = .0001). For all subjects combined, the changes in HDL-C and the Chol/HDL-C ratio were not related to any changes in body fat stores (ie, %BF or FM), suggesting that RT may potentially alter the lipoprotein-lipid profile in older weight-stable men and women. In conclusion, although the changes in the lipoprotein-lipid profile were small, the men had a significantly increased HDL-C level and decreased Chol/HDL-C ratio, while the women demonstrated opposite changes.
Electrophysiological Significance of First Degree Atrioventricular Block with Intraventricular Conduction Disturbance

His bundle electrograms (H) were recorded in 27 patients with PR prolongation and intraventricular conduction disturbances. The PR interval was subdivided into P-H (normal 80-140 msec), a measure of atrioventricular (A-V) conduction, and H-Q (normal 35-55 msec), a measure of intraventricular conduction. In 12 patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB), P-H varied from 115-410 msec (mean 173 msec), and was prolonged in eight patients. H-Q varied from 39-125 msec (mean 80 msec), and was prolonged in 10 patients. In eight patients with right bundle-branch block (RBBB), P-H varied from 146-450 msec (mean 206 msec), and was prolonged in all patients. H-Q ranged from 41-65 msec (mean 51 msec), and was slightly prolonged in three patients, all of whom had, in addition, evidence of left anterior or posterior hemiblock. Seven patients with lesser intraventricular conduction defects all had prolonged P-H intervals, with normal H-Q intervals. With atrial pacing at increased heart rates, block proximal to H occurr...
Steam‐Refined soybean oil: II. effect of degumming methods on removal of prooxidants and phospholipids

The first paper in this series described the effect of refining and degumming methods on the quality of steam- and caustic-refined soybean oils. Flavor evaluations demonstrated that phosphoric acid-pretreated oils were superior to water-degummed oils particularly in the steam-refining mode. The present study reports observations on the function of the phosphoric acid pretreatment. The effects of iron on the flavor and oxidative stability are reviewed. Data on phosphatide and iron removal during caustic and steam refining are presented and the results discussed. The poor initial quality of the water-degummed, steam-refined oil is attributed to oxidation resulting from incomplete iron removal during the prerefining stage. Significant correlations were obtained between the initial flavor scores of processed oils and their iron contents. Phosphoric acid pretreatment apparently alters iron compounds in crude soybean oil and facilitates their removal during subsequent processing.
Toward the Identification of Symptom Patterns in People with Fibromyalgia

The diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM) is based on 2 criteria: 1) chronic widespread pain, defined as pain in at least 3 quadrants of the body and axial, of at least 3 months duration, and 2) report of pain on palpation of at least 11 of 18 specified locations -- “tender points”(1). Although pain and fatigue are the core symptoms of FM, a plethora of concomitant symptoms (e.g., muscle spasms, headaches, problems with memory and concentration, and depression) are frequently present (2). Conceptually, these symptoms may be divided into 2 broad groups: 1) physical and 2) cognitive/psychological. The average number of symptoms reported by FM patients varies (3–4), and the variability is partially associated with the method used (e.g., spontaneous report, response to formal questionnaires) and number of symptoms presented in the questionnaires. The diversity and severity of co-morbid symptoms associated with FM probably contributes to the lengthy and expensive process patients undergo in an attempt to obtain a diagnosis and treatment. The broader a set of symptoms are, the greater the number of procedures that tend to be performed to rule out objective diseases prior to a diagnosis of FM. In an internet survey of over 2,500 people reporting FM, over 75% reported that they had seen more than 3 healthcare providers prior to obtaining their diagnosis, and approximately 25% had seen more than 6 health care providers prior to diagnosis (2). In a study of 2,260 newly diagnosed FM patients, the average number of visits to healthcare professionals during the year prior to diagnosis was 25 (5). At a theoretical level, the diversity of symptoms reported by FM patients is consistent with the view held by some experts that FM is a multisystem disorder, rather than a disorder that primarily involves musculoskeletal symptoms (6). Moreover, the observation of wide variability in symptom reporting suggests that FM patients may be a heterogeneous group (7, 8). The primary purpose of the present study was to examine symptom reporting patterns in a large cohort of FM patients. More specifically, the first goal was to identify whether patients varied in either patterns and/or severity of symptom reporting. In other words, do all patients report both psychological and physical symptoms, or do some only report physical symptoms? In addition, do all patients report that symptoms are very troubling, or do some symptoms have a more minimal impact? Secondly, if groups of patients are identified based on patterns of symptom reporting, do these groups differ with respect to indices of health care utilization, functional ability, and work status.
Internet-based telemedicine: An empirical investigation of objective and subjective video quality

This study focuses on the Internet-based telemedicine with the goal of understanding the relationship between objective and subjective video quality measures and the decision making capability of medical professional using an ophthalmology video. Objective and subjective measures are calculated using PSNR and the perception of human viewers respectively. An emulated Internet testbed was created for experiments. Results indicate that jitter and delay have significant effect on the objective quality values. Subjective quality, on the other hand, not only depends on the same two factors, but also depends on which critical frames the provider is able to see and work with.
Inter-worker variability in lower body postures during assembly line work: implications for exposure assessment.

This study evaluated inter-worker variability in lower body posture and work activity during highly-structured assembly line work. Data were collected from 79 unique assembly line workstations in an engine manufacturing plant. Because the plant utilized work teams, 4–8 workers rotated through each workstation. At least 30 min of videotape was collected from at least three workers at each workstation. A computer-assisted work sampling procedure randomly selected 200 video “freeze-frames” for each worker. Lower body posture/movement (e.g., sit, stand, walk, etc.) was determined for each frame and used to estimate the percentage of time the worker spent in various postures and activities. Chi-square analyses were performed for each workstation to assess the significance of inter-worker differences. Due to variations in individual work methods, significant differences (p <.05) were found at 57 out of 79 workstations (72%). The greatest differences occurred when workers had the option to choose between standin...
DMD based hyperspectral augmentation for multi-object tracking systems

Current wide area pan-chromatic or dual band persistent surveillance systems often do not provide enough observable data to maintain accurate and unique tracks of multiple objects over a large field of regard. Previous experiments have shown augmentation with hyperspectral imagery can enhance tracking performance. However, hyperspectral imagers have significantly slower coverage rates than persistent surveillance systems, essentially because a hyperspectral pixel contains vector data while a standard image pixel is typically either scalar or RGB. This coverage rate gap is a fundamental mismatch between the two systems and presents a technological hurdle to the practical use of hyperspectral imagers for tracking multiple objects spread over the entire field of regard of persistent surveillance systems. In this non-mapping hyperspectral application, we assume much of the information in a hyperspectral data cube is superfluous background and need not be processed or even collected. The effective coverage rate of the hyperspectral imager can be made compatible with modern persistent surveillance systems, at least for the objects of interest, by using a DMD to judiciously select which data are collected and processed. A proof-of-concept sensor has been developed and preliminary results are presented.
In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China

Angiosperm fruiting axes were discovered from the Upper Jurassic of China. Angiosperms are defined by carpels enclosing ovules, a character demonstrated in this fossil. This feature is lacking in other fossils reported to be earliest angiosperms. The fruits are small follicles formed from conduplicate carpels helically arranged. Adaxial elongate stigmatic crests are conspicuous on each carpel. The basal one-third of the axes bore deciduous organs of uncertain affinities. No scars of subtending floral organs are present to define the individual fertile parts as floral units, but the leaf-like structures subtending each axis define them as flowers. These fruiting axes have primitive characters and characters not considered primitive.
Phospholipid phase transitions in homogeneous nanometer scale bilayer discs.

Nanoscale protein supported phospholipid bilayer discs, or Nanodiscs, were produced for the purpose of studying the phase transition behavior of the incorporated lipids. Nanodiscs and vesicles were prepared with two phospholipids, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, and the phase transition of each was analyzed using laurdan fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry. Laurdan is a fluorescent probe sensitive to the increase of hydration in the lipid bilayer that accompanies the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition. The emission intensity profile can be used to derive the generalized polarization, a measure of the relative amount of each phase present. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to further quantitate the phase transition of the phospholipids. Both methods revealed broader transitions for the lipids in Nanodiscs compared to those in vesicles. Also, the transition midpoint was shifted 3–4°C higher for both lipids when incorporated into Nanodiscs. These findings are explained by a loss of cooperativity in the lipids of Nanodiscs which is attributable to the small size of the Nanodiscs as well as the interaction of boundary lipids with the protein encircling the discs. The broad transition of the Nanodisc lipid bilayer better mimics the phase behavior of cellular membranes than vesicles, making Nanodiscs a ‘native-like’ lipid environment in which to study membrane associated proteins.
4.5.4 Essential Systems Engineering: A Lifecycle Process

A systems engineering process is presented which supports the project lifecycle with improved rigor. The incorporation of specific structure and discipline results in a process which is requirements based, with added value in the planning, execution and reporting of design, implementation, integration, verification, and validation activities. The concept of the validation basis is introduced and discussed. It is a key concept in the development of this process.
Structure of the binuclear iron complex in metazidohaemerythrin from Themiste dyscritum at 2.2. Å resolution

Haemerythrin and myohaemerythrin are non-haem iron proteins utilized by several marine invertebrates in transporting and storing oxygen. Haemerythrin is oligomeric [usually octameric, but also trimeric1,2, and tetrameric and dimeric (C. A. Appleby, personal communication)] whereas myohaemerythrin is a monomeric analogue of the haemerythrin subunit. Physico-chemical investigations3–5 of these molecules have shown that (1) each subunit binds two iron atoms by means of amino acid side chains, (2) one molecule of O2 is bound to each binuclear iron centre, and (3) the iron atoms are in the +3 oxidation state in oxy and met forms of the proteins and +2 in deoxy. Models have been proposed for the complexes in haemerythrin and myohaemerythrin on the basis of crystallographic studies of the proteins. A μ-oxo bridged model (Fig. 1a) has been proposed from the results of a crystallographic analysis of metazidomyo-haemerythrin from Themiste zostericola6. Based on a similar analysis of methydroxohaemerythrin from Themiste dyscritum, previously referred to as metaquohaemerythrin7, we proposed a confacial bi-octahedron model with no atom identified as a μ-oxo bridge (Fig. 1b)8. Previously9, we stated that “at least one of the models is incorrect”. In fact, neither completely accounts for the electron density from the present 2.2 A resolution difference map of the complex and surrounding electron density of metazidohaemerythrin from T. dyscritum.
American Indian tribal government support of office-seekers: Findings from the 1994 election

Abstract How and why do American Indian tribal governments support political office-seekers? Using results from an extensive survey of tribal governments in Arizona and Oklahoma, our findings suggest that issues, rather than cultural ties or political party affiliation, are the primary impetus for American Indian tribal government support of candidates. Additionally, we examine several ways in which American Indians support candidates for office other than voting. This includes official endorsement, financial contributions, get out the vote efforts (GOTV), and volunteering for a candidate. Ultimately, our findings begin to uncover how and why American Indian tribal governments seek to influence the political process in the current era of evolving “government-to-government” relationships.
Structuring Flipped Classes with Lightweight Teams and Gamification

We present a new approach to help make computer science classes both more social and more effective: "lightweight teams". Lightweight teams are class teams in which the team members have little or no direct impact on each other's final grades, yet where there is a significant component of peer teaching, peer learning and long-term socialization built into the curriculum. We explain how lightweight teams have been used in a CS1 class at our institution, and how this approach, combined with a flipped class approach and gamification, has led to high levels of student engagement, despite the difficulty of the material and the frustration that is common to those first learning to program.
Doubly charged Higgsino-mediated lepton flavor violating decays

We analyze the supersymmetric contribution to the lepton flavor decays due to the presence of a doubly charged Higgsino in a general left-right model. We include contributions to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{l}{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma},$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}e$ conversion in nuclei, muonium-antimuonium decay, ${l}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{l}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}{l}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}{l}_{3}^{+}$ and flavor changing $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{Z}{l}_{1}{l}_{2}{+l}_{2}{l}_{1}.$ We present a complete set of bounds on the couplings and masses of the doubly charged Higgsino and we discuss which of these processes will be most sensitive to the presence of such an exotic fermion. Lepton-flavor violating decays are shown to be a promising clue to an extended gauge structure in supersymmetry.
Fishbein's Value x Expectancy Model An Examination of Some Assumptions

This research examines two questions concerning Fishbein's Value x Expectanc.1t model: (I) the actual relationship among the components of the model and (2) the role of alternative choices. One hundred thirty-six women awaiting results of a pregnancy test completed questionnaires assessing intention to have or not to have an abortion, attitude toward abortion, beliefs about the consequences of having an abortion, and beliefs about the consequences of continuing the pregnancy or having a child. Follow-up on actual behavior was obtained for the S9 women with positive tests. Path analysis revealed support for most of the assumptions of the Fishbein model but raised questions about the separate roe of' the normative versus belief components. The usefulness of including alternative choices was also shown.
Letter to the Editor---A New Application of Operations Research

The law enforcement agencies of the federal, state, and local governments are no strangers to the attributes of science. From the applications of the physical sciences in the police laboratories to the use of trained behavioral scientists, the scientific method plays a large part in law enforcement. However, with the possible exception of certain electronic data processing systems, the fields of operations research and systems engineering have been overlooked.